Outlook Hindi September 2010

Page 1

[WB"JO 2010

L^EM 15 zHMa

LF\

X;Oe&F 3F J&E 3D Wa ?O

3HWa 3OQ TZMDZ 3ZOeJZO I<8O ,T" WZL[M3 XQ8Q 3< LZ[W3 H[23Z

DQDQ LP OZI7L"?Q 4aQ

_I=Z8ZO 1O $^LBZ 3< [38[38 LP 3HWa J8a5\ KZOB 3< FZ3 l TaDNB HO KZO; [FML[5[O l W&Ba $FZ: HO 4ZL L"2\ 3Z ;^> l F, Oe5ZA] 3F %5a FZ3ZL CeC\ DEUK[1B l :aJ HO XE3< IHUF 3< LJB\

4aQ %Me:F W[L[B 3F LXZW[8T W]OEU 3QLZ?; (JZ,7) 3F WZC OZI7L"?Q 4aQ LXZW"6 3F $0M^ LZ&3Q IFFaQ


<<$"vWO;-B\WO DO 3F H_dQ HO>>

TV_ 2, $"3 9

+EZF W"HZD3# [TFeD LaXBZ +3ZU3# LXEFTO HaO; W"HZD3# F\QZK [L3 HOZLU_DZBZ# [TFTD;H Le&2Z WXZM3 W"HZD3# W]L"B KhZ8ZM_ / 5\BZ3\ 3gH\ W"HZD3 WX W"TZDDZBZ# %3N^Z HZOE / LF\VZ KEQZ / $:\B [W"X [TUaV W"TZDDZBZ# FOE>) KEQZ 9?:Z&F# [TLQ WO3ZO (9??=; %=` ?ZMOE1=O) Oe9XB 3>LZO OZM, $[FQ 3>LZO, [U4Z 5]?BZ OE4N3F# Ue9OB Ie=e Wa1UF# FOQ) [JIY= (9??=; Ie=e ,9?=O), [:Ba>) 5]?BZ (8\I Ie=e$ZIO), [2K]TF [BTZO;, 9DFaU HOJ, [FOZQZ [2HZ>; ,W. O[^B (3e2x?Fa=O), :eEZ [W"X $[E3ZO; (Ie=e 9OW8_) W"DK_# $Q3Z 5]?BZ [J:FaW 3ZMOQM# +a[W?Q=# W]OEU WaETOZ: TZ&W +a[W?Q=# F\O: OfQ\ (W3>aQaUF) :FOQ LbFa:O# 3J\O 4hO (3gH_.), W][ILBZ 5]?BZ (FgC_.), OZ:aFTO; 8fEO; (TaJ=), JT|H OZT (JP5Q^z), LfWL\ JF:? 6eV ('J=), (LZ 3\[FTZWF (8a>F'), OZ3FU [L3 (+e?1UF), %Oe:3MZ OZ: (W3>aQaUF WZ(C), J\.,W. :fXO (WAW) FaUFQ XE?# 9XLNU] HN?EM ([J:FaW ?ETQHLP=), ,Qa1W :eWaI (9O=EQ), 3][B3Z D;TZF ('N? ,7? LZ3O9=75) $[JW=Q= :FOQ LbFa:O# 8aBF J]9JOZ:Z, L]3FU Q4FHZQ, :eFQ WaEW LbFa:O# $[F"DMZ JaF:?, &7)Z[FQ 5N5]Q\, :\. OLaU W\[FMO LbFa:O# $":\B [2TaD;, 8aBFZ Uah\, DEUOZ: :WTZQ, 5eHZQ.3F. $DMO, 3ZwB3< ;Z, 3FUT ULO, 3>QD;H 3e>ZO;, H"3: WZXF\, OZ:P) 3>|H, W":M FZO75, UUN3 D;[^B, LbFa:O# %U\V $Oe&Z, $[FTF 5:aQ\, ,L. W]F\Q OZ:^ , [TFeD :eU\, $FZ[L3Z FZC ('N?) +EZF 3ZMOQM# ,.J\.-10 WIDO:"5 ,>1QaT, F' 9DEQ\-110029 W"HZD3<M 3ZMOQM# ,.J\.-6 WIDO:"5 ,>1QaT, F' 9DEQ\-110029 =EQ\IeF # 46867200, IH1W # 26191420 $ZX3< 3F [Q, H^9BZ9 yourhelpline@outlookindia.com WZLZ>M H^9BZ9 queries@outlookindia.com $>M 3ZMOQM# =EQ\IeF# L]"J'# 67382222, IH1W # 67382233, 3eQ3ZBZ# 40085012, IH1W # 22823593, 8a>F'# 28582251-52, IH1W # 28582250, JP5Q^O# 25582806-07 IH1W # 25582810, XGDOZJZD# 23371144 IH1W # 23375676, W"HZD3 [TFeD LaXBZ %(=Q]3 H[AQ[U"5 (&79?MZ) +Z. [Q. 3< BOI Wa LXEFTO HaO; MZOZ DG[F3 KZJ3O (,L.H\. [+"=W_), J\-220, IFW-2, Fe,?Z-201305 ((_O +DEU) Wa L]9)B 1O ,.J\.-10 WIDO:"5 ,>1QaT, F' 9DEQ\ Wa +3Z[UBj [WB"JO, 2010 LZX 3F [Q, +3Z[UB

16. DQDQ LP OZI7L"?Q 4aQ

_I=Z8ZO Wa :ZF 1O &7:B WNWB LP

4 :\B# %9DTZ[WMQ 3F WZLFa ;]3< WO3ZO

24 [T?7JFZ# UOD HTZO 3Z ;^>

6 %"DeQF# K^[L $[E$XA HO 5OLZ' [WMZWB

28 X3# W^8FZ HO 5eQ\ 3Z 4BOZ

10 [JXZO# HQ= W3B\ XG JZ:\

36 H&BZQ# BO13< 3< [JWZB HO [B3&L

J8 :Z,5Z [FML[59O

+DEU KO 3F :3WZF W&3Q HO [JXZO LP [23eA\M L]3ZJQZ

W&E5Z Qa:3F 5O;JQ LP FX" J"=E5Z $FZ:

:ZF3ZO; 3F JDQa [LQB\ XG LfB 3[FI>Q 3e I8WZBa T9OI>

12 3ZO5]:ZO;# I>W %Me5 3F XZCQ LZFTZ[E3ZO 38 :ZM:Z# 38ELZQ LP $J K\ FIOB [JFZ FZ4^F 3Z UaO

9X7w;T OZ:F\[B 3< J'B\ Hb>

50 JTZJ<M# LXZOe5ZA] HO :"5

,7=;JZMe9=3 3F $"EZE]"E &JBaLZQ 3F H9OAZL

56 J8HF# F>XE-L]>FQ 3< 4JOQ

;ZO4"? LP $4JZO [F3ZQBa J~a

59 :IEL# :J FZ[M3Z JF :ZB\ XG FZM3 X;Oe 3e FX" KZB\ DeML D:M 3< K^[L3Z

41 [:"WQ LP TZMDZ 3ZOeJZO

%(=Q]3 LF\ $J XO $"3 LP 3TO 9?:Z&F # [TLQ WO3ZO, 9ZMZ # H\.=;.%'.

%(=Q]3 MZF\ WL$ DC[I=3eA ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 1

65 WZ9X;M# Wa1W],[Q=; 3< WFWF\ J2\[TLU_ 3e DEX[TLU_ JFZBa H]zV


< H2 >

Tb8Z9O3 JDQZT QZFZ Xe5Z

$5JB $"3 3e JTZE\FBZ [TUaVN3 3F |H LP +3Z[UB 3OBa y, :ZB-HZB :bWa $";MB W"TaDFU\Q L]KE 3< 0O WLZ: 3Z 0MZF 4!8Z 5MZ XGj ?g. TaD +BZH

Tb9D3 MZOZ $HFa Qa4 -Wa 4;L Xe5\ :Z[B +CZ LP MX 3XFZ [3 :Z[B 3Z [JOTZ T_^ LP JDQ 8]3Z XG [:Wa LZF[W3 "N[B 3< %"E\ X; (4Z&E5\, H^O; BOX WX; XGj (>XQFa :Z[B +CZ 3< WLZ[?B BCZ WLBZL^Q3 WLZ: 3< JCZHFZ 3F [Q, :e (HZM JBZ, XW Ta $;M"B +ZW"[53 XGj TJB]B# :ZB-HZB 3< WLJMZ Fa %: KZOB\M WLZ:, OZ:F\[B 1O Ff3OUZX; W[XB WK\ ^a2Q 3e [TKZ[:B 3O O4Z XGj HO7B] &W J]OZ' Wa [WIa 3ZF^F JFZ3O FX" Q&Z :Z W3BZj &W3F [Q, XLP WLZ: LP Tb8Z[O3 JDQZT QZFZ Xe5Z BCZ M]TZ T5_ 3F LF LP &W3F [TzJ $Q4 :5ZFZ Xe5Zj

H]OJ3DB H2 3aA\# [F"D3 [FMOE 5Q[BMQ HO 5fO 3OQ $5JB $"3 LP +3Z[UB +AM ULO 3F KZOB-HZ3 W"J"E\ Qa4 LP [TUaVeQ 3F 3CQ= :e F\8a 9D, 5, Ca (FLP :e 8fCa 1O $"[BL Ca, (F3Z FZL A3FTQ [W"XB [Q4Z CZ :J[3 (F3Z TZJB[T3 FZL A38TQ [WAJQB XGj MXN H^OZ FZL X; Q5K5 5QB [Q4 [DMZ 5MZ XGj &W\ +3ZO :J 3FOQ 3< 6=FZ Wa W"J"[EB [HEQb 3Z Qa4 ADQ\QQ HO IOWa 3Z TZOB H'Z Be [:BF\ 5"K\O 6=FZ C\ (BF\ X; 5"K\O H23ZO 3< ,3 5QB\ 9D4\j &W Qa4 HO :e Ie=e CZ (W3F F\8a (JZ,7):2L\ :eWaI 1O W&3Q HO K&3Z 5]JWZ [Q4Z CZj HO7B] MXN :e W&3 HO K\& 3Z Ie=e CZ TX Be 3FOQ 3Z F Q53O [TUaV3O ,FW\%O H[F8L\ (_O +DEU MZ OZ:JCZF 3Z Q5 OXZ CZj LV ML[H 3K\ 3FOQ FX" 5MZ HO7B] XLZOE W"8ZO 3F WZEF 1O [U^Z +AZQ\ &BF\ K\ 3L:eO FX" :e HZ>3 3e L^4_ JFZ W3Rj B\WOE, %3N^Z HZOE 3Z +aL [TTZX 3Z Qa4 A[LMN J\T\ OZ:\....B H'Zj Qa4 Be Oe83 CZ HO7B] $"B B3 %Ba-%Ba Qa[43Z Be :bWa H^O; BOX KZT]3 Xe 5xj (F3Z MX 3XFZ 7MZDZ X; Xe 5MZ :3 Ma Qe5 OeLNW Wa Qa3O UZD; Me LP %y[B DEFa 3F [Q, B;HO OXBa XWj (>XQFa :e +W"5 JBZ, (FLP K\ -WZ 3X" FX" y% Q5BZ XGj -WZ Q5Z :bWa [3 Qa[43Z $"B B3 %Ba%Ba [IEL\ Xe 5'j 8fC\ 5QB\ LF\VZ 3F Qa4, :e AIBTZ[5O;B HO CZ, LP XGj Qa[43Z 3Z (KEFM Be >;3 Q5BZ XG Qa:3F $"[BL H"[1B LP Ta X;Oe&FQ 1O Lg?QQ 3F JZOE LP :e [Q4B\ XW, 1MZ TX WX; XG? &F H"[1BMQ 3e H'3O Be -WZ Q5Z :3 UZMD Ta K\ -WZ [Q4Fa 3Z

OZLZF]: U]1Q W\LZH]O, (_O +DEU

FaB_;T 3< U^>MBZ

:ZB-HZB HO Be WZQ LP De B\F $"3 [F3Z[Q,j DEU 3< 3' %B"[O3 WLJMZ,7 &W\ 5"K\O [TVM Wa :]&; y' XGj DO$WQ, WX:BZ0" 3e XL [:"DZ 3XN 9e&Ba XW? XLZOE MXN [X7v 1O L]WQLZF De -W\ +L]4 3fLa XW :e W[DMQ Wa WZC-WZC XeBa y, K\ %: B3 HOJHO W"DEX 3F WZMa LP XWj OZI7 LP %DU_ Fa;Z_;T 3< U^>MBZ XG &W[Q, %:ZD; [LQFa 3F JZD Be MX W"DEX [DFQ[DF 5XOZBZ :Z OXZ XGj ,3 XeFa 3F [Q, F Be [X7w0" LP 3e' %DU_ XG, F L]WQLZFQ LPj :Z[BMQ 3< +ZW"[53BZ %: 3< 5]LOZX OZ:F\[B3-U1Q 3F HeVA 3F $QZTZ 3X" K\ FX" OX 5' XGj $>M WK\ WZLZ[:3 WOe3ZOQ LP XO 9eO HO TX $HF\ +ZW"[53BZ 1O

X; 4ZB\ % OX; XWj $"[BL 5QB\ 5\BZ3\ 3F Qa4 AXL OXE FZ XLB, :e [IEL HO XG, LP XGj Qa[43Z BZ:ZBO;F [IEL AOZTAB 3Z ?ZMOE1=O [+MDU_F 3e JBZB\ XW :e L[AO;FL XG, WJ :ZFBa XWj &BF\ J&; [IEL WL\^3 Wa -W\ 5QB\ 3< $Ha^Z FX" C\j &>XQ &W\ $"3 LP OZI7H[B Wa H]OJ3ZO HZBa [D4ZMZ 5MZj LVFa :e 5Q[BMN JBZx (W3Z (KEFM 3FTQ &BFZ XG [3 OZI7;M JBO 3< H[23Z LP %5a Wa -WZ F Xe 1O W"HZD3 LXeDM &W3Z 4MZQ O4Pj

$[JLBZ 3F [Q, :^;B\ F:O %B\ XGj

?g. 0L [JEQfOE &7DfO, LXZOZI7

KMZTZX 4]QZWZ

$5JB $"3 LP 5\BZ3\ 3Z %Qa4 A:Z-:Z [Jhe KbMZ 3e Ka:B H'Zj DEU 3F HN8 OZ7MQ LP $0MMF Wa y, KMZTX 4]QZWa 3e H'3O LF ,3DL W]>F Xe 5MZj XL %E][F3 KZOB LP %: K\ [Q"5 HX8ZF 1O [Q"5 %EZ[OB 5K_HZB 3O3F $HF\ &7WZ[FMB 3e X; LZO OXE XWj X:ZOQ JZ[Q3Z [UU] 3< X;MZ 5K_ LP X; 3O3F XL +3D[B 3Z W"B]QF [J5Z& OXE XWj 1O w4 3< JZB MX XG [3 XLP &W3Z 3e' [5QZ [U3TZ FX"j WLZ: 3F 3L_3N&Q, O;[B-[OTZ:Q 3< T:X

3aA\# W]O LP W]O :ZB-HZB 3< 3>+CZ $5JB $"3 3F JTZE\FBZ [DTW [TUaVN3 LP [TUaV %Qa4 LP :ZB-HZB HO :e [=?HA\ 3< 5' TX W=;3, B3aW"5B 1O XLZOE DEU 3< ,3 3&T\ W~Z' XGj %:ZD; 3F 63 TVU JZD K\ :ZB-HZB 3< &W TVU H]OZF\ LZF[W3BZ 3< Ja9&MQ Wa L][1B FX" [LQ HZ' XGj &W3Z WJWa J&Z 3ZOA XG [3 XLZO; WZLZ[:3 GMTJCZ TVU H]OZFa |[@jTZD; W"J3ZOQ Wa &BF\ 7MZDZ $JB XG [3 (WWa XL %: B3 FX" [F3Q HZ, XWj &W DEU LP %: :e :ZB-HZB 3< LZF[W3BZ XG (Wa J'ZTZ DEFa LP &W DEU 3< [T[K>F OZ:F\[B HZx=MQ 3F GMZH3 W"O^A 3Z XZC XGj %: 8]FZT LP OZ:F\[B3 DQQ MZOZ WNWD, [TEZM3 Wa Qa3O L"2\ B3 JFZBa WLM MX 0MZF [DMZ :ZBZ XG [3 [:Wa 8]FZT LP [=3= [DMZ :Z OXZ XG TX [3W :Z[B 3Z XG 1O (W3< :Z[B 3< W"2MZ :3BF\ XGj %: Te= 3Z %EZO :Z[B XG 1O XL K\ :Z[B 3F %EZO HO X; Te= DEBa XWj

3aA\# XZ[:O :TZJ T"UTZD 4;L Xe $5JB $"3 LP +3Z[UB W"HZD3<M AXQ8QB LP F\QZK [L3 3< AQZQ8 3< %[DL Le=; O5B H'Fa 3Z WfKZ3M +Z?B y%j LV MXN 3>9 UADQ LP D[^A KZOB\M OZ:F\[BeQ 3Z 8[O2 1O :F:\TF 3Z [82A 3OFZ 8ZXBZ $ :e %H3< H[23Z 3F LZ0ML Wa W"KT XGj QCH= OZ:F\[B 3< HOZ3ZI>Z DE4F\ Xe Be D[^A KZOB Wa $[E3 W]QK :5X UZMD X; 3X" DE4Fa 3e [LQaj 3zAZ[F[E 3Z E_BOZI7 |H\ H]2 BCZ W"5a-W"J"[EMQ Wa +aL, :MQ[QBZ 3Z D_3 H]2 +3OA MZ ,F.=;.OZLZOZT (JT5?M) 3< @QB\ (& LP 3< 5' QiL\ HZT_B\ Wa UZD; BCZ DZLZD 1O H]2\ MZOZ 3< 5' ELZ8f3&;, 3FOQ LP ,3 JT5?M H^T_ 3R);M L"2\ MZOZ L"[DO LP +TaU HO, :e :Z[B Wa X[O:F Ca, vE Wa 3< 5' WIZ', 3FO=3 LP 4ZF LZ[IMZ OZ:F\[BeQ 1O L]2ML"2\ LP y% 5]?B 3OZOFZLZ 1O &W +3OA LP Qe3HZQ W"BeV XE5&E MZOZ [DMZ ;MZ5H2, 3FOQ 3F OZ:F\[BeQ MZOZ %'H\,Q F\QZL\ LP 3< 5' E!5ZL]FB\ 1O %L %DL\ 3e Ka&J3O; 3< F:O Wa DE4FZ &W3F 3>9 (DZXOA XGj QZQ^ MZDT 3F JZOE LP Be WK\ :ZFBa XW [3 (F3< Ff W"BZFa XWj 1MZ [3W\ 3e ,F=; OZLZOZT 3< (F 8fDX WfKZ3MUZQ\ W"BZFQ 3F JZOE LP :ZF3ZO; XG? %"! +DEU [TEZFWKZ LP [H9Qa 8]FZT LP Fe= 3F JDQa Te= BCZ &WLP 8]FZT %Me5 MZOZ :AB 3< 5' O3L 1MZ 8\48\4 3Z H^O; JZB FX" JMZF 3OB\ XG? +:Z OZ7ML (OZ:F\[B3 DQ) JFZFa TZQa W]HOJ=ZO [8O7:\T\ 3e &W JZB 3F JZOE LP UZMD 4JO F Xe :3 KZOB %:ZD Xe 8]3Z XG 1O XL FZ59O3 XW F :3 +:Zj

X:ZO;JZ5, ;ZO4"?

%"! +DEU

FT\F 3>LZO ULO :MH]O, OZ:JCZF

D;H3 3>LZO [W"X

2 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

F\O:

Wa %: L[XQZ,7 X; L[XQZ0" 3< wFLF JF OX; XGj F>X;-W\ 3Q\ :>L QaFa 3F HXQa X; Be& D; :ZB\ XG, MX 3XN 3< O;B XGj %: 3< L9XQZ,7 Wb3&Q $TWOQ 3F WZC 1O H]zVQ Wa ,3 K\ 3DL H\9E F OXBa y, $HFZ W"JQ 4]D BM 3O OX; XGj [IO K\ MX 09; LZF[W3BZ 1MQ?

[UTL]5Q ,8.8GXZA

-WZ Q5BZ XG LZFe OEQ L"2ZQM OEQQ LP Xe OXE XZDWQ 3F +[B [JE3>Q QZHOTZX XGj MX JZB UB-+[BUB W8 FX" XGj 8ZXE TX 7EFQ 3< =13O 3Z LZLQZ Xe, 8ZXE 7EFQ 3F H=O; Wa (BOFa 3Z, MZ :IO eZFaFTO; ,1W+aW :bWZ LZLQZ Xe, -Wa XZDWQ Wa OEQ L"2ZQM Fa WJ3 [QMZ XG BK\ Be OEQ 3F [?AJQ LP %HZB3ZQ\F [4&[3MQ 3< W"2MZ J'Z D; 5' XGj F1WQ +KZ[TB ^a2Q Wa 5]:OFa TZQ\ 7EFQ Wa ,J3g=` HZ=@ 3Z X=Z [QMZ :ZFZ 1MZ MX WZ[JB FX" 3OBZ [3 LZ0TZ[DMQ MZOZ ,J3g=` HZ=@ 3F X[CMZO Q^=E :ZFa 3< 6=FZ 3F JZD OZ7M WO3ZO ,T" OEQ L"2ZQM $;M"B [8"[BB XG? TbWa OEQ L"2ZQM 3< MX WZLZ>M WL; XG [3 8ZXE OEQ w6_=FZ 3Z LZLQZ Xe, 8ZXE OEQ ?3HB\, FUZ 4]OZF\, 8ZXE Ke:F HZF\ 3Z MZ :IO OEQQ 3F [TQ"J Wa 8QFa %[D 3Z, KZOB 3< W[XIA] :FBZ OEQQ LP WIO 3OFa 3e JZ0M XGj

$[FBZ WZXZ

$LOZTB\, LXZOZI7

:Z[B [TFZU 3F 3' Le8M

+Z8\F 3ZQ Wa X; :Z[B +CZ BCZ (W3Z [TOeE XeBZ OXZ XG, XLZO; WZLZ[:3 GMTJCZ :J B3 WJ :Z[BMQ 3e WLZF >MZM FX" DE HZB\ BJ B3 XL %HW LP X; Q&Ba OXQ5a, XLZOZ DEU [T[TEBZ LP ,3BZ DUOBZ XG &W[Q, WLBZ +EZF WLZ: GMTJCZ 3Z XeFZ JX=B :|O; XGj $Q5 Wa :Z[B 3F XeFa Wa 1MZ XQ [F3Qa5Z? OZ:F\[B 3OFa TZQQ 3e WJWa HXQa WZLZ[:3 [TMEV IHQZFZ 9e& DEFZ 8Z[X, 1MQ[3 (W\ Wa X; +L]4B# :Z[BTZD, [TVLBZ, Q&Z', D75a %9D K&3Ba XWj XL WJ ,3 XW BCZ $HFZ KZOB TV_ JQUZQ\, WL_J W"H>F, WLBZTZD; JFZFa 3F [Q, WK\ :Z[BEL_-H"CQ 3e ,3 X; 9NT 3F F\8a OXFZ XG &W[Q, %HW LP LBKaD 1O 3hOBZ 9e& DEF\ 8Z9X,j $HFZ BCZ $HFa DEU 3Z [XB &W\ LP XGj

OZyQ HZ?T\ F"wOJZO, LXZOZI7

XZDWa Wa WJ3 QP

$5JB $"3 LP FOQ) KEQZ 3Z Qa43 A[3W XZDWa Wa [LQa5Z WJ3B H'3O

4&5H]O, H[F8L J"5ZQ

$LZFT\M GMTXZO

$5JB $"3 LP A:Z :Z [Jhe KbMZ 3e Ka:B H'3O LV JyB )[TB y%j UZJ2Q LP 3XZ 5MZ XG [3 A$KU [X 3>MZ HO3<M OZMaB $COB 3>MZ HOZMZ EF XeB\ XG, [IO Ma _^A X;MZ,7 1MQ? 1MZ MX GM[1B 3< GMTXZO 3>UQBZ 1O LZFTBZ 3Z H[O8ZM3 XG? 5K_ LP HQ OXE [UU] 3Z 5eQ\, 3H?W^Q, &7:a1FZF $CTZ $>M [3W\ WZEF MZOZ FI= 3OFZ 1MZ ([8B XG? [IO K\ 3>9 DH"B\ 5K_EZOA 3OBa X; [Q"5 :N8 3OZ 3O (WWa 9==3ZOZ HZFZ ([8B WL;Ba XGj DE4Z Be MXN B3 5MZ [3 $[E3NUB# 3>MZ0" 3F _^A FI= XeFa Wa WLZ: HO GMZH3 3>+KZT H& OXZ XGj TbTZ[X3 [OFBQ LP 3>MZ0" 3< 3L\ 3F 3ZOA ,3 X:ZO H]zVQ HO 800 Wa K\ 3L 3>MZ0" 3Z $ZI ,3 J&Z $"BO XGj &W3F [Q, WO3ZO Fa _^A X;MZ Oe3e $[E[FML HZ[OB [3MZ XG, &W3Z 3&Z' Wa HZQF XeFZ 8Z9X,j

I>=JgQ 5O;JQ 3Z 4aQ

$5JB $"3 LP AW][TEZ0" 3< FX", :]F^F 3< JZB 3<[:,B %Qa4 LP MX JZB WX; 3X; 5' XG [3 &W\ KZOB 3F, :e I<IZ OW[385 LP [I:\ Wa K\ De HZMDZF F\8a XW, [TFT 3H Lb8 LP I>=JgQ +aL\ OZB-OZB KO :Z53O Lb8Q 3Z Q];I QaBa XGj MXN 3e' 'Z:\Q 3Z WLC_3 XG Be 3e' $:M=;FZ 3Zj J"5ZQ\ Qe5 MXN I>=JgQ 3F D;TZFa XeBa XWj =EQ\[T:F 3F ,3 [TeZHF LP JyBQ Fa &W [TFT 3H 4aQ 3F DfOZF DE4Z Xe5Z [3 ,3 'Z:\Q 3Z WLC_3 1O vWOZ $:M=;FZ 3Z $HF\-$HF\ =;L 3< :\B HO &W 3DO %HW LP (Q; :ZBZ XG [3 :J ,3 3XBZ XG AB]' Je3Z,B Be vWOZ 3XBZ XG, AB]' Je3Z, BeO IH[LQ\ Je3ZjB MX WX; XG [3 w[FMZ KO LP I>=JgQ 5O;J ,T" [F< L0ML T5_ Wa :]&Z 4aQ XGj KZOB LP ["3F= 3< Qe3[+MBZ 3F 3ZOA I>=JgQ XZ[U, HO 8QZ 5MZ XGj I>=JgQ 3F JBO 3e )78Z (>ZFa LP :e JZBP [Q4\ 5' XW, (F3Z M[D KZOB WO3ZO HZQF 3OB\ XG Be 3e' 3ZOA FX" [3 XL [TFT3H LP $59Z +DU_F FX" 3OQ5aj

3DIAZ WZOC\ ?E DOK"5Z, [JXZOZ

[6FfFZ 4aQ J"D 3OQ

$5JB $"3 LP 3\ FOE>) KEQZ Fa AL\[?MZ HO W"6\ XLQZB 3F $"B5_B WL][8B 1O WZC_3 [TTa8FZ 3< XGj WLZ8ZO 8bFQ HO %B"3TZD; XLQa 3F [Q, [X7wTZD; yEQ& ['5a? 3F OXF]LZ 3K\ K\ LZI<FZLZ FX" DQ5a 1MQ[3 &F3Z L]2M (KEFM MX; XeBZ

3F.LZ[L9? LXQ) LeXF

H]Aa, LXZOZI7

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 3

XG [3 MaF-3FF-+3OEA [3W\ K\ JXZFa Wa [X7v LZFW 3e (ME[QB [3MZ :Z,j ($ [X7w;T 3F IOLZJODZOQ 3< JHI= OAF\[B OX; XG [3 %L [X7w0" 3F [DLZ5 LP IZ[W7L :5ZFa 3Z 3e' U5^IZ 9e&Z :Z,j Qa43 3Z [Q4FZ WX; XG [3 W][FMe[:B BO;3F Wa [X7v ($TZD 3e (:Z5O 3OFa 3Z +MZW 8Q OXZ XGj [X7wTZ[DMQ 3Z $HFa DC[I=3eA 3Z WNJ3D[B3 WZ&Z7MTZD JCZ[HB 3OFa 3Z JT?F XG, [:Wa WZ3ZO 3OFa 3F [Q, $IOZ-BIO; 3Z LZXfQ JFZFa 3e +M;FU\Q OXBa XGj ($[X7w;T 3F 0T:TZX3 MX K^Q 8]3F XW [3 $B\B LP K\ 3hO ELSEBZ 3F IAX&HF 3< 5^'BZ 3F 3ZOA X; DEU 3F J"=TZOE 3F JZD X; XLP %:ZD; [LQ\ <Z\ 1O TB_LZF LP %B"3TZD 1O $Q5ZTTZD 3e J\: 1O 4ZD +8]OBZ Wa [LQ OX; XGj

3FUO;8"D HZO4

[5OBZ JBO

IO;DZJZD, X9OMZA

%H3< H[23Z 3Z JBO [DFQ[DF [5O OXZ XG, 1MZ +3ZUFH^T_ [T8ZO L"CF FX" 3OBa XW MZ &Wa =Z&L HZW H[23Z JFZFa 3F L^? LP XG? %(=Q]3 K\ &7[?MZ ==?E 3e =13O DEBZ CZ $J &7[?MZ >M^: Wa K\ [H9& OXZ XGj 0MZF DEFa 3< :|OB XGj W"HZD3 :\, [JXZO [TEZFWKZ LP XeFa TZQa 8]FZT 3F LKEF:O 3DHMZ %H TZJB[T3BZ Wa HZ>3Q 3e $T5B 3OZ,j

+e. U"3O3NB U]1Q Q4\WOZM, [JXZO

$59; [8i\ [Q4P

XO JZO XLP $HFa HZ>3Q 3F @EO WZOE H2 [LQBa XWj H2Q 3< [T[TEBZ DE4 BM [3MZ 5MZ [3 B\F 3a[AMQ, AXZ[:O :TZJB, AW]O LP W]OB 1O A[F"D3 [FMOEB LP ,3-,3 H2 3e H]OJ3DB [3MZ :Z,5Zj XZ[:O :TZJ H2 TX Xe5Z :e L]KE HO 8]=;Q\ JZB 3XE 1O W]O LP W]O %(=Q]3 =;L 3e WXQZBa y, XfWQZ J'Z,j [F"D3 [FMOE 3aA\ LP XLZO; W"HZD3<M WZL[$MQ HO W"B][QB WLZQe8FZ TZQa H2Q 3Z JTZ5B [3MZ :Z,5Zj -W"HZD3


< OZXB > 9ZMZ# ,.,I.H\.

Q"DF LP TaDNBZ 3F [4QZI +DU_F W_[I= WaF

(

&;WZ 3< [FML[5O; HXZ[&MQ LP JWFa TZQa KZOB 3F WJWa %[DL %[DTZW\ WL^X ?Q5[OMZ 3QE 1O 3>[=MZ 3QE 3e $HFa $[JB;T 3< [FAOM3 Q&Z' LP %[4O3ZO :\B [LQ X; 5'j 4[F: W"HDZ Wa QJZQJ KOE &F HXZ&Q LP Jg1WZ&= 4FF 3F [Q, JyOZI7;M 38HF\ TaDNBZ $EM][L[FML [Q[L=E? 3e XZ[WQ HMOTOA L":^O; 3e 3R) WO3ZO Fa OK 3O [DMZ XGj &W IHWQa 3e JCZF\M %[DTZW\ WLZ: Fa [FML[5[O OZ:Z 3< :\B JBZMZ XGj [FML[5[O HXZ& JCZF\M %[DTZ[WMQ 3F [Q, 'FTO 3F WLZF XG 1O &Wa J8ZFa 3F [Q, Ta %Ea DU3 Wa $HFZ 4^F JXZBa y, %"DeQF 8QZ OXE Caj $J WTZQ (&;WZ 3< vWO; J&; H[OMe:FZ HgJ3e 3Z XG, :XN &W JyOZI7;M 38HF\ Fa $HF\ &JHZB H[OMe:FZ 3F [Q, 3' 3ZF^FQ 3Z (EQ"6F [3MZ XG 1O &W3F [4QZI K\ 3R) WO3ZO 3< 3La=; [OHe=` DE 8]3< XGj XZQZ"[3 HgJ3e LZLQa LP J\8 3Z OZJBZ [F3ZQFa 3< 3e[UUP Xe OX; XG" 1O &Wa Qa3O +EZFL"2\ 3ZMOQM K\ 4ZW W["M XGj -Wa

%[DTZ[WMQ 3F WZLFa ;]3< WO3ZO TaDNBZ HO Oe3, Q"Ja $OWa JZD DO[3FZO y% [T3ZW 3Z :F[TOeE\ Lg?Q W"3FB [LQ OXE XW [3 TaDNBZ 3e QZQ ;"?; [D4Z3O HgJ3e 3F [Q, XO; ;"?; 3< BbMZO; Xe OX; XGj HgJ3e 3e MX 3XZ 5MZ XG [3 TX $HF\ H[OMe:FZ LP Wa [TTZ[DB [XJWa [F3ZQa BCZ 3ZF^Fe" 3F (EQ"6F 3e 4 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

>;3 3OEj (&;WZ 3F &F %[DTZ[WMQ 3F W"6V_ 1O XgQ\T]? [IEL $TBZO LP 4ZW\ WLZFBZ XGj &W\ WLZFBZ Fa %[DTZ[WMQ 3F W"6V_ 3e $"BOOI7;M L"8 HO Ba: 3OFa

LP LDD 3<j [IEL $TBZO 3< 3XZF\ LP 3ZEH[F3 HV?eOZ $X 3F FT\ :\T 3gOHeOE= Qe[KMQ Wa $HFa W"WZO 3e J8ZFa 3F [Q, W"6V_ 3OBa XWj $TBZO 3F 8[O2Q Wa ?Q5[OMZ %[DTZ[WMQ 3< B]QFZ 3OBa y, WTO&TQ &7=OFaUFQ FZL3 W"JCZ Fa Q"DF LP TaDNBZ 3F D@BO HO +DU_F [3MZ 1O H^O; w[FMZ 3Z 0MZF &W 0O 4!8Fa LP 3ZLMZJ OX;j TaDNBZ LZLQa HO KZOB WO3ZO 3F IHWQa 3F H\9E &W BOX JFa Tb[FT3 DJZT 3< J&; K^[L3Z LZF\ :Z OX; XGj &WWa HXQa 88_ 2I &73QV? Fa K\ [TTZ[DB TaDNBZ 38HF\ Wa $HFZ [FTaU TZHW QaFa 3Z IHWQZ [3MZ CZj 88_ 3< Fb[B3 [FTaU WQZX3ZO WL\[B 3F $0M^ :gF OEFeE?W Fa 3XZ CZ [3 9X LX;Fa 3< WZ;aDZO; 3F JZD 88_ &W JZB Wa W"B]I= FX" XG [3 TaDNBZ Fa LZFTZ[E3ZOQ 1O JCZF\M WL]DZM 3F +[B HMO?B WCLZF [D4ZMZ XG MZ [IO K[TIM LP [D4Z,5\j 88_ 3F 38HF\ Wa $Q5ZT 3F JZD K\ TaDNBZ 3< 3ZO5]:Z[OMN WTZQQ 3F 6aOE LP % 5' C\"j (&;WZ LP 3O;J 1.7 $OJ ?gQO L^EM 3F Jg1WZ&= 4FF H[OMe:FZ 3e 3R) WO3ZO 3< L":^O; OK 3OBa y, 3RDi\M HMOTOA L"2\ :MOZL OLaU Fa 3XZ [3 &W H[OMe:FZ Wa HMOTOA\M W"O^A 3ZF^F, TF W]O^Z $[E[FML 1O TF $[E3ZO 3ZF^F 3Z 5"K\O (EQ"6F y% XGj &W [FA_M 3F H\9E 3e' OZ:F\[B, H^TO$X MZ KZT]3BZ FX" XG J[E3 MX IHWQZ H^O; BOX 3ZF^F\ DC[I=3eA 3F WZC [QMZ 5MZ XGj TaDNBZ 3< MX H[OMe:FZ U]| Wa X; [TTZDQ LP [6O; OX;j Qa[3F &W HO $WQ\ 8e= [FML[5[O LP Jg1WZ&= 4FF HO JF\ ?g. ,F.W\. W1WaFZ 3La=; 3< [OHe=` Fa 3<j 3R);M HMOTOA ,T" TF L"2ZQM Fa &W H[OMe:FZ 3F +JBZT 3< :N8 3F [Q, OZI7;M WQZX3ZO H[OVD 3F WDJM ?g. ,F.W\. W1WaFZ 3< $0M^BZ LP 4 WDJMQ 3< ,3 3La=; 5[>B 3< C\j 3La=; Fa 16 $5JB 3e [OHe=` L"2ZQM 3e WRH\j &W [OHe=` 3< De-=@3 [WIZ[OU C\ [3 [FML[5[O LP 4FF B]O7B Oe3Z :Z, TOFZ TXN 3F %[DTZ[WMQ 3Z DEU 3F 3ZF^F Wa [TFTZW (> :Z,5Zj ,F.W\. W1WaFZ 3Z 3XFZ XG, AKZOB\M Qe3B"2 3< [TFTWF\MBZ 3Z &[CBXZF XG [FMZL[5[O LZLQZj MXN 3F 3L H'E-[Q4a %[DTZW\ [WIa MX LN5 3O OXE XW [3 DEU 3< W"WD Fa :e 3ZF^F JFZMZ, (Wa QZ5^ [3MZ :Z,j 3R) 1O OZ7M WO3ZOQ BCZ (F3Z B"2 &Wa QZ5^ FX" 3O OXE XWj TF W]O^Z 3ZF^F W\EaW\Ea %[DTZ[WMQ 1O :"5Q LP OXFa TZQQ 3e MX $[E3ZO DEBZ XG [3 (>XQ (F3< L:? 3F [JFZ TXN Wa FX" X=ZMZ :Z W3BZ 1O TaDNBZ &W3Z (EQ"6F 3O OX; XGj TXN %[DTZ[WMQ 3< :L\F :JD`JB\ Q\ :Z OX; XGj &W3F $QZTZ J&E HbLZFa HO HMOTOA 3e K\ F]3WZF Xe OXZ XG 1O Me:FZ :ZO; OX; Be K\VA H[OAZL K]5BFa XQ5ajB W1WaFZ 3La=; 3< [OHe=` LP 8aBZTF\ D; 5' XG [3 [FML[5[O LP Jg1WZ&= 3F 4FF Wa ^a2 LP HZF\ 3< %H^[B_ JaXD 6= :Z,5\, [:WWa MXZ" OXFa TZQa Qe5Q

6=FZ"L# [FML[5[O W"3= ■ 2005 LP (&;WZ Fa [FML[5O; LP 4FF 3F [Q, TaDNBZ 38HF\ 3< H[OMe:FZ 3e L":^O; 3F [Q, 3R) WO3ZO 3F HZW Ka:Z ■ 2007 LP HMOTOA L":^O; [LQ\ ■ 2007 LP WTe_~ >MZMZQM Fa TaDNBZ 3e [FML[5[O LP 4FF 3Z $[E3ZO FX" [DMZ Qa[3F (W3< WXMe5\ 38HF\ 3e QZ&WPW 3F [Q, %TaDF 3OFa 3< $F]L[B D; ■ 2009 LP (&;WZ WO3ZO Fa 3XZ [3 TF :L\F 3F K^-(HMe5 3e JDQFa 3F [Q, WZOE :|O; [FMLQ 3Z HZQF [3MZ 5MZ ■ 2010 IOTO; LP HMOTOA L"2ZQM 3F HbFQ Fa H[OWO 3Z DfOZ [3MZ 1O [FMLQ 3Z (EQ"6F HZMZ ■ 2010, 19 :]QZ' 3e &W LZLQa 3< :N8 3OFa 3F [Q, ,F.W\. W1WaFZ 3F FaB_;T LP 8ZO WDJM\M =;L 3Z 5>F [3MZ CZj &WLP FL_DZ 6Z=; HO (EQa4F\M 3ZL 3OFa TZQ\ $[LBZ JZTJ3O, ,W.O6]OZLF 1O +LeD 38> UZ[LQ Caj &W 3La=; Fa 16 $5JB 3e L"2ZQM 3e [OHe=` WRH\j ■ 2010, 24 $5JB 3e 3RDi\M HMOTOA L"2\ :MOZL OLaU Fa H[OMe:FZ 3e D; 5' WbJN[B3 L":^O; OK 3<, 4FF H[OMe:FZ HO Oe3 Q5Z'j 9ZMZ# W":M OZTB

A&W [FA_M 3F H\9E 3e' OZ:F\[B, 3e' H^TO$X MZ 3e' KZT]3BZ FX" XG J[E3 MX IHWQZ H^O; BOX 3ZF^F\ DC[b3eA 3F WZC [QMZ 5MZ XGjB ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 5

1O +3D[B HO +[B3AQ +KZT H&E5Zj [OHe=` LP &W B<M 3< 0O K\ 0MZF [DQZMZ 5MZ CZ [3 $K\ 4FF 3< $F]L[B F [LQFa 3F JZT:^D TaDZ"BZ 38HF\ Fa &W &QZ3F LP 26 XE1=EMO :L\F HO $TbE |H Wa 3A:Z 3O [QMZ XGj &W H[OMe:FZ 3F [Q, ,3 QZ4 J\W X:ZO Ha& 3Z=Fa H&Q5aj 3>Q [LQZ3O TaDZ"BZ 38HF\ 3< 4FF 5[B[T[EMQ 3F 3ZOA JCZF\M %[DTZ[WMQ 3Z :\TF 4BOE LP H& :Z,5Zj :MOZL OLaU Fa &W 3La=; 3< [OHe=` 3e TF WQZX3ZO H[OVD 3e WRHZ 1O (W3Z K\ [FA_M 4FF 3e Oe3Fa 3F H^ LP %MZj BJ :Z3O TaDNBZ H[OMe:FZ HO Oe3 Q5ZFa 3Z IHWQZ [3MZ 5MZj (DZO;3OA 3F &W DfO LP HXQ\ JZO %[DTZW\ WLZ:, TF W]O^Z 3ZF^F, HMOTOA W"O^A 3ZF^F 3F %EZO HO &BF\ J&; H[OMe:FZ 3e Oe3Z 5MZ XGj TaDNBZ 38HF\ 3< 1.7 $OJ ?gQO 3< &W 4FF H[OMe:FZ 3e Oe3Fa Wa MX W"DEU DEFa 3< 3e[UU 3< 5' XG [3 WO3ZO 3gOHeOE= 3< $"E\ Q^= 3e JaQ5ZL FX" 9e&FZ 8ZXB\j &W BOX 3F z4 HO 3R) WO3ZO [3BFa [DF [=3F5\ 1O 3XN WL;fBZ 3OE5\, &W HO $K\ 3>9 FX" 3XZ :Z W3BZj &W3F WZC X; HXQ\ JZO MX WO3ZO; JBO HO WZ[JB y% [3 :XN J&; H^":\ UZ[LQ XeB\ XG, JyOZI7;M 38H[FMQ 3Z [FTaU XeBZ XG, TXN [3BFa J&E HbLZFa HO 3ZF^FQ 3Z [FQ_77Z @75 Wa (EQ"6F XeBZ XGj &W H^OE LZLQa LP (&;WZ 3F L]2ML"2\ FT\F H=FZM3 Fa [:W BOX Wa %[4O; ^A B3 &F [TTZ[DB H[OMe:FZ0" 3e J8ZFa 3F [Q, +EZFL"2\ LFLeXF [W"X 3F MXN 3e[UU 3< TX TaDNBZ HO 3R) WO3ZO MZOZ 5[>B ,F.W\. W1WaFZ 3La=; 3< H&BZQ 3e WX; WZ[JB 3OB\ XGj &W [OHe=` LP WZI 3XZ 5MZ XG [3 J&E HbLZFa HO TaDNBZ H[OMe:FZ LP 3ZF^FQ 3< :e E[77ZMN (&Z' 5&c (WLP OZ7M WO3ZO 3F $[E3ZO; WLZF |H Wa UZ[LQ OXEj W1WaFZ 3La=; 3< [WIZ[OUQ 3F [4QZI (&;WZ WO3ZO 3F L]2M W[8T M^.,F. JaXEOZ Fa 3R) WO3ZO 3e H2 [Q43O $HF\ %H[_ D:_ 3OZ' C\j (&;WZ WO3ZO 3F B3U 3e 4Z[O: 3OBa y, 3R) WO3ZO Fa W1WaFZ 3La=; [OHe=` 3< [WIZ[OUQ 3e BT77Ze D; XGj (EO, HgJ3e 3F LZLQa LP [JC[B H^O; BOX JHI= FX" XGj 3R) WO3ZO Fa 3XZ XG [3 TX WQZX3ZO W[L[B 3< OH= 3F JZD IHWQZ 3OE5\j &W HO :e K\ IHWQZ Xe, ,3 JZB Be BM Xe 5' XG [3 %5a 3gOHeOE= w[FMZ HMOTOA L":^O; 3e LX: ,3 1H8Z[O3BZ LZFFa 1O &W3< %& LP 3ZF^F 3< E[77ZMN (&ZFa Wa HXQa Wf JZO We8a5\j JZB $J [WIa TaDZ"BZ MZ HgJ3e 3< FX", (_OZ4"? LP 5"5Z HO JF OX; Wb3&e" :Q [TL]B H[OMe:FZ 3< K\ XGj &FLP Wa $K\ [WIa QeXZO;FZ5HZQ HO X; Oe3 Q5\ XGj &W H[OMe:FZ HO K\ 650 3Oe& zHMa ,F=;H\W\ 48_ 3O 8]3Z CZ Qa[3F %[4O3ZO WO3ZO 3e HMOTOATZ[DMQ 3F WZLFa ;]3FZ H&Zj MX LZLQZ K\ :F %"DeQF 3< :\B 3F BfO HO DE4Z :Z OXZ XGj &F (DZXOAQ Fa [T3ZW 3< :F[TOeE\ We8 3e B5&Z ;=3Z [DMZ XG WZC X; WZC :F 3F X3 3F [Q, W["M Qe5Q LP ):O KO D; XGj ●


< %"DeQF > LF\VZ KEQZ 1O $:\B [W"X

(

_O +DEU 3< LZMZTB\ WO3ZO 3Z DZTZ CZ [3 ML]FZ ,1W+aW Ta JFFa 3F JZD &QZ3F 3< BJT\O JDQ :Z,5\j Fe,?Z Wa %5OZ B3 %H [WIa 90 [LF= LP Hy78 :Z,75aj W&3 3F DeFQ BOI Ug[H"5 LgQ, &LZOBP JFZ' :Z,75\j Qa[3F &W 3[CB [T3ZW 3Z 4fI &QZ3F 3F [3WZFQ 3F 8aXOE HO WZI DE4Z :Z W3BZ XG :e $J %"eU LP JDQ 8]3Z XGj H[F8L\ (_O +DEU 3F [3WZF :L\F J8ZFa 3F [Q, LOFa-LZOFa HO (BZ| XWj $Q\5' LP [3WZFQ HO H][QW 3< 5eQ\JZO; Wa U]| y% %"DeQF H^OE +DEU LP IHQ 8]3Z XGj 3N$aW LXZW[8T OZyQ 5NE\ %"DeQF3Z[OMQ 3F J\8 H#83O K^[L $[E$XA 3ZF^F LP JDQZT 3< JZB 3X 8]3F XWj (_O +DEU WO3ZO +DEU LP -Wa 3' ,1W+aW LZ5_ JFZFa 3< BbMZO; LP XG [:F3F [Q, J&E HbLZFa HO [3WZFQ 3< :L\FP WO3ZO; 3A:a LP QaF\ H&7a5\j ML]FZ ,1W+aW -Ta H[OMe:FZ 3Z [FLOA [F:\ ^a2 3F :aH\ WL^X 3F WZC [LQ3O [3MZ :Z OXZ XGj [WIa 165 [3QeL\=O 3F Fe,?Z-%5OZ ML]FZ ,1W+aW-Ta 1O &W3F %WHZW [T3[WB XeFa TZQa ^a2 3F [Q, %5OZ, $Q\5', XZCOW 1O LC]OZ [:Qe 3F 115 5Z"TQ 3< 3O;J 2,500 XE1=EMO :L\F 3Z $[E$XA [3MZ :Z

OXZ XGj [3WZFQ LP :L\F [9F :ZFa 3e Qa3O Be 5]JWZ CZ Qa[3F L]%T:a LP KaDKZT Fa [JC[B 3e Ja3ZJ^ 3O [DMZj $a=O Fe,?Z 3F [3WZFQ 3e :L\FQ 3Z WJWa 7MZDZ L]%T:Z [DMZ 5MZ 1O &W3F JZD LC]OZ, $Q\5' 1O %5OZ [:Qa LP %Fa TZQa [3WZFQ 3F WZC 3L 3<LB HO WfDZ [3MZ :Z OXZ CZj FZ:ZM: BO;3F Wa K^[L $[E$XA 1O L]%T:a LP KaDKZT 3e Qa3O $Q\5' 3F [3WZF %"DeQF 3Z OZJBZ H3& 8]3F Ca [3 &W\ J\8 14 $5JB 3e [3WZF FaBZ OZLJZJ^ 3>E[OMZ 3< [5O@BZO; 1O (W3F JZD [3WZFQ HO H][QW IZM[O75 Fa %5 LP 6\ 3Z 3ZL

[3MZj 5]JWZ, [3WZFQ Fa JTB"2BZ [DTW HO ML]FZ ,1W+aW-Ta [FLOA LP Q5a 3O;J 40 TZXFQ 3e %5 Q5Z D;j [3WZFQ 3F WLC_F LP OZI7;M Qe3DQ 3F FaBZ $[:B [W"X 1O KZOB\M [3WZF M^[FMF 3F LXQ) [W"X [=3HB 3F %Fa 3F JZD WK\ HZ[=`MN [3WZFQ 3F H^ LP (BOFa Q5\j &W3F JZD Be :bWa OZ:Fb[B3 DQQ LP [3WZF [XBbV\ [D4Fa 3< Xe& W\ L8 5'j XD Be BJ Xe 5' :J 3N$aW 1O JWHZ Fa K\ [3WZF %"DeQF 3e WLC_F DEFa 3Z DZTZ [3MZj WLZ:TZD; HZ=@ 3Z [FUZFZ :XN LZMZTB\ WO3ZO HO XG TX" Qe3DQ 1O KZ:HZ K^[L $[E$XA 3ZF^F LP JDQZT 3e Qa3O 3R)

3R) HO J'Z K^[L $[E$XA 3ZF^F LP JDQZT 3Z DJZT

:L\F J8ZFa 3e W&3Q HO [3WZF

%5OZ LP :3WZFQ 3Z 5]JWZ ;aQBZ W]O^Z3L? 9ZMZ# H\.=;.%'.

6 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®


< %"DeQF >

AH^OE +DEU LP IHQa5Z %"DeQFB (_O +DEU WO3ZO MZOZ [3WZFQ 3< K^[L 9;FFa 3F L]KE HO OZbf;M Qe3DQ 3F FaBZ $[:B [W"X OZ:Fb[B3 DQQ 3e QZLJ"D 3OFa LP :]=E XWj %5OZ 1O $Q\5' LP [3WZF %"DeQF 3e (F3F WLC_F 1O W"WD 6aOZT 3F -QZF Fa &W LZLQa HO OZ:Fb[B3 WO5[LbMZ J'Z D; XWj [3WZFQ 3F %"DeQF 1O K^[L $[E$XA HO %(=Q]3 Fa [3, OZQeD $0M^ $[:B [W"X Wa 3>9 WTZQ# [3WZF %"DeQF 3OFa HO 1MQ L:J^O y,? [3WZFQ LP JyB WLM Wa 5]JWZ 1O XBZUZ C\ :e $J :Z3O WZLFa %' XGj [3WZFQ LP De WZQ Wa (JZQ [D4 OXZ CZj (F HO 3< 5' 5eQ\JZO; 3F JZD 5]JJZZ %"DeQF LP JDQZ XGj LZMZTB\ WO3ZO Fa L]%T:Z J'ZFa 3< 6eVAZ 3< XG? [3WZF LZFP5a &Wa? [3WZFQ 3F [Q, :L\F 3Z LBQJ [WIa HbWZ FX" XGj :L\F (F3< :\[T3Z, HX8ZF 1O WCLZF Wa :]&; XG, [:Wa HbWQ Wa FX" BeQZ :Z W3BZj [3WZFQ 3F [XBQ 3e Qa3O LZMZTB\ 3< F\MB WZI FX" XGj $Q\5' LP (F3F +[B[F[E UUZ"3 Ua4O [W"X $Q5 JZB 3OBa XW 1O %5OZ :Z3O 3>9 1O 3XBa XWj WO3ZO HO DJZT JFZ OX; XWj LZMZTB\ 3< 3e[UU [3WZFQ 3F 5]JWa Wa J8Fa 3< XG :J[3 3N$aW [3WZFQ 3F 3O;J %Fa 3Z Lf3F 8^3FZ FX" 8ZXB\j [3WZFQ 3< J'B\ [WMZW\ WO5[L_MQ 3e DE4Ba y, LZMZTB\ Fa 3H[JFa= W[8T UUN3 Ua4O [W"X 3e $Q\5' 1O %5OZ Ka:3O L]%T:Z 449 zHMa +[B T5_ L\=O Wa J'Z3 570 zHMa +[B T5_ L\=O 3OFa 3< 6eVAZ 3<j [3WZFQ 3F 5]JWa 3e DE4Ba y, UUN3 Ua4O [W"X Fa KOeWZ [DQZMZ [3 [3W\ K\ [3WZF 3< :L\F :JOF FX" Q\ :Z,5\j &F 6eVAZ0" Wa K\ [3WZF W"B]I= FX" y, 1O %"DeQF :ZO; OXZj [:W BOX 3N$aW WLaB WK\ +L]4 DQ &W L]KE HO [3WZFQ 3F H^ LP (BO %, XW, (WWa [3WZFQ 3e JQ [LQZ XGj OZyQ 5Z"E\ [3WZFQ 3Z XZQ :ZFFa 23 $5JB 3e $8ZF3 $Q\5' Hy78aj :eODZO JZ[OU 3F J\8 $8ZF3 [:3OH]O 5Z"T H#8a OZyQ 5NE\ H][QW 3ZO`TZ' LP 6ZMQ K5B [W"X 3F 6O 5,j &W3F JZD TX $Q\5' 3F =?HQ 5Z"T LP H][QW 3ZO`TZ' LP LZOE 5, Le[XB 3F 6O K\ 5,j TX &W L]KE HO +EZFL"2\ LFLeXF [W"X Wa K\ [LQa 1O %5ZL\ W2 LP K^[L $[E$XA W"UeEF [TEaM3 QZFa 3< LN5 3<j &W J\8 OZQeD $0M^ $:\B [W"X KZ:HZ, TZLDQQ 1O 3' [3WZF W"5>FQ 3e QZLJ"D 3O W"WD

9ZMZ# FOE) [JI=

:3WZFQ 3F &W %"DeQF 3e Qa3O %H3< 1MZ OAF\[B XG? XL F [WIa :L\F 3< Q&Z' LP [3WZFQ 3F WZC XG J[E3 W"WD 3F K\BO 1O OZbf;M JBO HO &W L]KE

LZMZTB\ 3< 3e[UU [3WZFQ 3F 5]JWa Wa J8Fa 3< XG :J[3 3N$aW [3WZFQ 3F 3O;J %Fa 3Z Lf3F 8^3FZ FX" 8ZXB\j

OZLJZJ^ 3>E9OMZ

9ZMZ# H\.=;.%'.

8 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

3e (>Z OXE XWj [3WZFQ 3F [XB LP KZ:HZ, TZLDQQ WLaB 3' $>M DQQ 3e ,3:]= 3OFa 3< 3e[UUP WIQ OX; XWj 5Ba 3F WX; KZT 3e Qa3O K\ Qe3DQ Fa &W\ +3ZO WO3ZO HO DJZT JFZMZ CZj W"WD 6aOZT 3F JZD [:QZ JBO HO [TOeE +DU_F Xe5Zj %"DeQF LP IA= 3< 4JOE" K\ XW? FX"-FX", [3WZF ,3:]= XWj ML]FZ ,1W+aW Ta 3F $QZTZ K\ OZ7M WO3ZO WZB -Wa ,1W+aW Ta JFZFa 3F FZL HO [3WZFQ 3< :L\FP 9;FFa 3< BbMZO; LP XGj 3>Q 8 ,1W+aW Ta JFZFa 3< 6eVAZ y' XG [:F3F :[O, (_O +DEU 3< 3O;J 25 I<WD; :L\F 3Z $[0Z$XA WO3ZO 3OFZ 8ZXB\ XGj ML]FZ ,1WHahW Ta Be &FLP WJWa 9e=Z XG [:W3Z $WO 3O;J 1200 5Z"TQ 3F 14 QZ4 Wa 7MZDZ [3WZFQ HO H& OXZ XGj FZ&7WZI< y' Be JZ3< :5X K\ [3WZF &W\ BOX W&3Q HO %,75aj K^[L $[E$XA 3F L]KE HO %H3< HZ=@ 3Z J=W? 1MZ XG? $"5ah:\ y3ALB Fa %: Wa 115 WZQ HXQa K^[L $[E$XA 3Z :e 3ZF^F JFZMZ CZ %: K\ TX; QZ5^ XGj L]%T:a 3< +:"MZ 1O LZHD7? $J K\ Q5K5 TbWa X; XW :bWa $"$a:Q 3F OZ7Z LP Caj MX 3ZF^F [WIa [3WZFQ Wa :L\F X&HFa 3Z 1:ZO JF3O OX 5MZ XGj &Wa B]O7B [FOJB 3O FMZ 3ZF^F JFZMZ :ZFZ 8Z[X,j Qa[3F $ZL\A [T3ZW L"2\ W\.H\. :eU\ 3< &WLa" 3e' [DQ8JH\ FX" XWj 3F 6aOZT 3Z -QZF 3O 8]3F Caj Qa[3F %F8M_:F3 |H Wa L]2ML"2\ LZMZTB\ Fa K\ W"WD 3F &W 6aOZT 3e WLC_F DEFa 3Z -QZF 3O [DMZj DO$WQ, K^[L $[E$XA 3F L]KE HO 3R) 3< W"M]1B +5[BU\Q 5>J"EF 1O (_O +DEU 3< LZMZTB\ WO3ZO Fa LZLQZ ,3vWOE HO CeHFZ U]| 3O [DMZ XGj 3N$aW :XN [3WZFQ Wa :JOF :L\F [9FFa HO ,BOZ: :BZ OX; XG TX" LZMZTB\ H^OZ DeV 3R) 3< K^[L $[E$XA F\[BMQ 1O H]OZFa 3ZF^F HO CeH OX; XGj LZMZTB\ WO3ZO Fa [3WZFQ 3Z %"DeQF H^TS8Q LP IHQFa Wa Oe3Fa 3F [Q, 3>U\F5O LP (F De 5NTQ 3F [3WZFQ 3< :L\F TZHW 3OFa 3Z IHWQZ 3O [QMZ XG :e +JBZ[TB XTZ' $pa 3F [Q, $HF\ :L\F DEFa Wa LFZ 3O OXE XWj [3WZF W"6V_ W[L[B 3F $0M^ LFT\O [W"X BaT[BMZ 3XBa XG" [3 Fe,?Z LP OZ7M WO3ZO Fa 15001200 zHMa +[B L\=O L]%T:Z [DMZ :J[3 $Q\5' Wa LC]OZ B3 3F [3WZFQ 3e MX L]%T:Z 436 zHMa +[B L\=O [DMZ 5MZ XGj DO$WQ LZMZTB\ WO3ZO +gH=@ ?;QO 3< K^[L3Z LP % 5' XG 1O [3WZF >5a :Z OXE XWj KZOB\M [3WZF M^[FMF 3F OZ:HZQ ULO 3XBa XW [3 De LX;Fa HXQa &W %"DeQF LP 8 5NTQ 3F Qe5 Ca, %: 61 5NTQ 3F Qe5 1O DEU KO 3F +L]4 FaBZ (F3F WZC XWj ●


< [JXZO >

LeXOE KQa HQ=Q, JZ:\ FX"# F\B\U 8f3W LZL^Q\ IFOJDQ 2005 3< [JC[B QZ W3B\ XG :J 15 W\=Q 3< T:X Wa :DM^-KZ:HZ WO3ZO FX" JF\ W]L"B KhZ8ZM_

XZ

Q X; [DEQ\ 3F &JQZ[L3 3E8OQ WP=O LP L]2ML"2\ F\B\U 3>LZO [JXZO LP [T3ZW 3F JDQBa LZMFQ HO :J $HF\ OZM JaJZ3< Wa O4 OXE Ca, (W\ DfOZF L]2M 8]FZT %M]1B ,WTZ' 3>OGU\ 3F WZC 3R);M 5_XW[8T :\3F [HEQb L]QZ3ZB 3O OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ 3F [FH=Fa 3F JZD [JXZO LP 8]FZT 3OZFa 3< T:XQ 3Z 4]QZWZ 3O OXE Caj DeFQ 4aQQ 3< (Q=; [5FB\ U]| Xe 8]3< XG 1O DeFQ X; 4aQQ 3F [4QZ&; T[:_U LP :]=E y, XWj MX BM XG [3 [JXZO LP WF 2010 3Z 8]FZT 3' LZMFQ LP WF 2005 3F 8]FZT Wa $QXDZ Xe5Zj L\[?MZ, 4ZW3O [JXZO 3< L\[?MZ, 3Z 3MZW F\B\U 3< TZHW\ 3e Qa3O XG 1O JZXO; BfO HO F\B\U -WZ %KZW 3OZFa 3< 3e[UU K\ 3OBa XWj XZQN[3 (>XQ $59; BOX Wa $XWZW XG :3 W"2MZ LP Ce&Z WZ IFOJDQ WF 2005 3< [JC[B QZ W3BZ XG :J TX LX: 15 W\=Q 3< T:X Wa WO3ZO FX" JFZ HZ, Caj &W M]J LP TX $3FQa XWj [JXZO 3F [WMZW\ L"8 HO &W T1B ,3 +XWF HO7HOZ5B XGj &WLP 5]&MN H=ZFa 1O WJWa B5&Z 5]&MN X[CMZFa 3F DNT-HP8 8Q OXE XWj [JWZB HO Df&Ba LeXOE K\ $HFZ KZT Q5Z OXE XWj &W\ 3&; LP :DM^ Wa [F3Q +K]FZC [W"X 3Z OZI7;M :FBZ DQ (OZ:D) Wa :]&FZ QZQ^ 3< J'B\ BZ3B 3F BfO HO %"3Z :Z OXZ XGj LZFZ :Z OXZ XG :3 WZOA ^a2 3< 9X Wa WZB W\=Q LP :a?;M^ LBQ, 4ZWBfO HO ^[2M LBQ 3e +K]FZC [W"X +KZ[TB 3OFa LP WIQ OXQ5aj &W &QZ3F LP &F3Z DJDJZ XG, $J DJDJa 3< T:XQ 8ZXE :e K\ XQj &W\ 3&; LP WLJB\H]O 3F OZLQ4F LXBe 1O LFaO Wa [FOZQZ 3Z OZ:D 9e& :DM^ LP %FZ F\B\U 3< J'B\ BZ3B 3F BfO HO %"3Z :Z OXZ XGj XZQN[3 &F DeFQ 3F OZ:D Wa [F3QFa 3< T:X QZQ^ 3Z &F3e [=3= DEFa Wa &73ZO XGj &WWa HXQa F\B\U WO3ZO LP %J3ZO; L"2\ OXE :LUaD $UOI 3N$aW LP UZ[LQ Xe 8]3F XWj HO LeXOQ 3Z &EO Wa (EO XeFZ [WIa [JXZO 3< [WMZWB LP :Z[B5B LFeKZTQ 3Z %"[U3 +DU_F KO XG, $WQ T:\O Be &W T1B F\B\U 3>LZO, QZQ^ MZDT 1O

OZL[TQZW HZWTZF XG" :e [IQXZQ ?MZDQ 3e Wa= 3OFa LP :]=E y, XWj [JXZO LP 8Q OX; 3TZMD 3F LKEF:O [WMZW\ :ZF3ZOQ 3e LZFFZ XG, A&W JZO 8]FZT LP 3N$aW ,3 +a^3 Wa 7MZDZ 3< K^[L3Z LP FX" (BOFa :Z OX; XG, 3N$aW 3Z L3WD &W 8]FZT LP JaXBO XZ[:O; D:_ KO 3OZFZ XGjB [IQXZQ [TEZFWKZ LP 3N$aW 3F DW WDJM XWj [JXZO [TEZF H[OVD LP :DM^ 3e=E Wa WDJM ,T" OZ:F\[B [TeZF\ +aL 3>LZO L[A 3Z 3XFZ XG, AOZ:D-HZWTZF 3< Qe3:FU[1B HZ=@ (Qe:HZ) 3< L:J^B\ Wa 3X" 7MZDZ 3N$aW 3< L:J^B\ F\B\U 3e HOEUZF 3O W3B\ XG 1MQ[3 L0M 1O (~ T5_ 3Z Te= JV3 F\B\U 1O QZQ^ DeFQ Wa )JZ y% XGj -Wa LP 3N$aW 3< L:J^B\ F\B\U 3F [JCO WL;a :ZFa TZQa UXO; Te= JV3 3e [XQZ W3B\ XGjB :ZF3ZOQ 3F

3< OE4Z DE4\ :Z W3B\ XG :J[3 [T3ZW 3Z L]KZ UXO B3 W\[LB OXZj TX" 3ZF^F-GMTJCZ UXO; L]KZ XG, $ZL\A WLZ: LP %: K\ 3ZF^F-GMTJCZ WLZ: Wa X; W"8Z[QB XeB\ XGjB L[A 3Z MX K\ 3XFZ XG, AKbfZ8ZO Wa F\B\U WO3ZO 3< 9[T E^[LQ y' XGj L];a %U"3Z XG, %: 3Z [JXZO 3X" F\B\U 3e TX; WJ3 F DE :e 3K\ %"! +DEU Fa 8")JZJ^ FZM?@ 3e [W4ZMZ, :J [T3ZW 3F UZ&[F"5 %"!Z 3Z Lg?Q J]O; BOX Wa F3ZO [DMZ 5MZjB [IQXZQ [JXZO 3F $B\B Wa %U"[3B FZ5[O3Q 3F [Q, MX WTZQ JaXD $XL XG :3 1MZ [JXZO H]OZFa OZJBa HO TZHW :Z,5Z MZ [IO F\B\U 3F DfO LP H3&; OZX LP %5a J'E5Zj +e. $[FTF\ 3>LZO 3Z LZFFZ XG, A[JXZO 3Z 8]FZT [23eA\M XG, [:W3F ,3 [WOE HO FB\U, vWOE HO QZQ^-HZWTZF 1O B\WOE HO 3N$aW 1O vWO; WK\ HZ[=`MN XWjB +e. 3>LZO ,3 1O JDQZT 3< 0O 0MZF 4!8Ba XW, A&W JZO 3Z 8]FZT ,7=; MZ +e QZQ^ +WZD FX" Xe5ZjB LWQZ [T3ZW 1O 3>UZWF 3Z XG 1O MX; T:X XG [3 QZQ^ K\ $J 3X OXE XW [3 JyB 5Q[BMN y&c XW, LV W]UZWF v75Zj ,T: LP QZQ^ JBfO OEQ L"2\ $HFa [T3ZW 3ZLQ 3e [5FZ OXE XW, XZQN[3 &W HO LLBZ JF:? HXQa X; JyB HZF\ IFO 8]3< XWj :ZF3ZOQ 3Z LZFFZ XG, AF\B\U 3F WL3^ [T3ZW H]zV 3F BfO HO JCZ[HB 3OFa LP QZQ^ 3e $K\ JyB T1B Q5a5ZjB MX; T:X XG [3 %: 3N$aW, OZ:D 1O Qe:HZ 3Z F\B\U WO3ZO HO ,3 X; %OeH XG, A3R) 3< [T3ZW Me:FZ0" 3e F\B\U WO3ZO LP F:O$"DZ: [3MZ

%: 3Z [JXZO 3X" F\B\U 3e TX; WJ3 FZ DE :e 3K\ %"! +DEU Fa 8")JZJ^ FZM?@ 3e 9DMZ, :J [T3ZW 3Z UZ&[F"5 Lg?Q F3ZO [DMZ 5MZj [JXZO 8]FZT 3F B\F FZM3# F\B\FZ, QZQ^ 1O HZWTZF 3K\ ,3 L"8 HO, $J %LFa-WZLFa

LZFZ :Z OXZ XG :3 WZOA ^a2 3< 9X Wa WZB W\=Q LP OZ:D LBQ, 4ZWBfO HO ^[2M LBQ 3e +K]FZC [W"X +KZ[TB 3OFa LP WIQ OXQ5aj 10 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

L]BZ[J3, AF\B\U 3F +J"E3 WL;a :ZFa TZQa OZ:\T [W"X (Ia QEQF [W"X H^O; BOX Wa 3N$aW 3F WZC :]=E y, XW, WNWD; JFZ, O4Fa 3F [Q, FZL KO 3e :DM^ 3F WZC XWjB 3MZW MX K\ XG [3 :ED X; :5>FZC [L3, U"K]UOA 3\TZJBT 3F $QZTZ 3' 1O L":a [4QZ&; 3N$aW Wa :]& W3Ba XWj vWO; 0O, KZ5Df& 3F &W LZXfQ LP 3N$aW 3F LeXOE $K\ B3 HZQZ CZLa y, XWj -Wa LP [WMZW\ :ZF3ZOQ 3F L]BZ[J3, AHZWTZF 3Z QZQ^ MZDT 3F WZC :]&FZ F\B\U 3F [Q, ,3 BOX Wa OZXB 3< X; JZB XGjB [H9Qa 8]FZT LP OZ:D 1O

Qe:HZ [TEZM3Q 3< W"2MZ 68 C\, &WLP QZQ^ 3F 56 1O HZWTZF 3F DW [TEZM3 Caj LZFZ :Z OXZ XG MX 5>:e& JyB :eO Q5Z,5Z Be K\ 85-86 Wa )HO FX" :Z,5Zj JZT:^D, &W JZB Wa [3W\ 3e &F3ZO FX" [3 DW-HN8 W\=Q 3Z (Q=-IFO F\B\U 3< TZHW\ WNWB LP ?ZQ W3BZ XGj WF 2005 3Z 8]FZT FB\:Z 5TZX XG, [WIa 15 W\=Q 3L H&" Be F\B\U 3Z WZC DEFa 3e' %5a FX" %MZj :Z[XO XG, [JXZO 3< OZ:F\[B LP T:\OQ 3Z H]OZFZ !]T\3OA JO3OZO OXE5Z, W"6V_ LBHa=; B3 H#8Fa TZQa 60 Wa 70 Te=Q LP [XJWZ J'ZFa 3e Qa3O XGj F\B\U 4]D 1O (F3F HbOe3ZO [T3ZW 3F L]KE HO 8]FZT Q&Fa :Z OXE XW 1O :bWZ [3 L]"J'

[JCB =Z=Z WLZ: [TeZF W"JCZF 3F +eIFWO 1O OZ:F\[B [TeZF\ +e. $[FTF\ 3>LZO 3XBa XW, A[JXZO 3< HbDZ&U 3F JZD HXQ\ JZO 8]FZT :ZB-HZB Wa X=3O [T3ZW 3F L]KE HO Xe OXZ XG 1O [JXZO 3F [Q, MX [JE3>Q F' JZB XGjB HO 1MZ [JXZO 3< $TZL F\B\U 3F [T3ZW Lg?Q Wa W"B]I= XG? [T3ZW 3F 8L;3ZO; 14.3 I<WD; %"3&Q 3F W_[I=3BO F\B\U 3>LZO UXO; [T3ZW 3F %"3&Q LP LZB 4Z 5,j UXO; [T3ZW L"2ZQM 3F :ZO; XZ[QMZ %"3&E F\B\U WO3ZO 3F H^ LP FX" :ZBaj UXO;3OA 3Z OZI7;M 1WB :XN 20 +[BUB XG TX" [JXZO LP UXO;3OA 10.8 I<WD; B3 X; H#8 HZMZj +aL 3>LZO L[A 3Z LZFFZ XG, A$ZL\A WLZ: LP [T3ZW ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 11

5MZjB +e. $[FTF\ 3>LZO 3F L]BZ[J3, A&Wa UZMD $"B[T_OeE X; 3XQ5a [3 MX; [T3ZW F\B\U 3F [Q, Je; JF 5MZ XG 1O [T3ZW 3F 5K_ Wa (>E BLZL WTZQQ HO (>XQ WIZ' DEF\ H& OX; XGj UZMD MX; $"B[T_OeE ,3 F, [JXZO 3Z OZJBZ +UJB 3OEjiB :FBZ DQ (W"M]1B) 3F [TEZF H[OVD WDJM +aL 3>LZO L[A 3Z %3QF XG :3 :e WL\3OA [D4Z' DE OXE XW, (WWa [2U"3> [TEZFWKZ 3< FfJB JFB\ F:O % OX; XGj DO$WQ [JXZO 3F OZ:F\[B3 L"8 HO [D4Fa TZQa 5>:e& (BFa WX: FX" XWj MXN ,3 4ZW [3JL 3Z [WMZW\ %[K:Z;M 5>:e& XG :e OZ7M 3< OZ:F\[B HO 3>8?Q\ LZOE Jb>Z XGj ●


< 3ZO5]:ZO; >

U[1B[TX;F LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 WaTZ[FT__ ::Q 3e HZQFa 3< :5X XG

%L %DL\ K\ WDJM Xe

2

Q &79?MZ Fa=T3a 2I &7?[T?=$EW ,7? 25MFZ&:aU"W 3< 0O Wa OZI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 3< 3ZM_UbQ\ HO [OHe=` :ZO; 3< 5' XGj $1=@JO 1993 LP JCZ[HB KZOB 3Z OZI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 17 TVU Wa 3ZL 3O OXZ XGj W"JCZ 3F OZbf;M WL>TM3 XEFO; 9=IFF\ 3Z 3XFZ XG :3 [OHe=` &W[Q, :zO; XG 1MQ[3 W"M]1B OZI7 W"J"E\ 3ZL3Z:Q LP KZ5\DZO; 3F [Q, &W TV_ 3F $"B LP OZI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 $"BOOI7;M WL>TM3 3La=; (%'W\W\) 3e $HF\ , $a? XG[WMB 3F [Q, H]F# LZ>MBZ %TaDF HaU 3OFa TZQZ XGj +;Ma3 8ZO WZQ 3F JZD MX LZ>MBZ H]F# QaF\ XeB\ XGj $"BOOI7;M ,T" 6OEQ^ DJZTQ 3F 8QBa OZI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 3< JCZHFZ Xe Be 5' Qa[3F &W3< 3ZM_UbQ\ Wa Q5BZ XG [3 %Me5 3Z 5>F $"BOOI7;M %Qe8FZ 3F 8QBa y% F [3 [3W\ (KEFM 3F BXBj [OHe=` LP 3XZ 5MZ XG [3 %Me5 Fa LZFTZ[E3ZO W"O^A 3e +e;WZ[XB 3OFa 3F [Q, W"WD 3Z WX; (HMe5 FX" [3MZj %Me5 3Z 3ZL3Z: J' OXZ XG 1O (W3F HZW +[U[^B 3L_8Z9OMQ 1O EF 3< 3L\ XGj %Me5 3F HZW 30,000 Q"[JB LZLQa XWj TV_ 2010-11 3F TZ[V_3 J:= LP %Me5 3e 24.10 3Oe& 3< J:ZM 18 3Oe& zHMa [D, 5,j MXN [3W\ Wa J\Ba 17 TVU 3Z $F]KT FX" :ZFZ :Z W3BZ, 1MQ[3 MXN HD $JCZ' BfO HO KOE :Z OXE XWj MXN %L %DL\ +[B[F[E WDJM FX" XGj XEFO; 3Z 3XFZ XG :3 FaHZQ, :I[QH!W, CZ'QV?, 3e9OMZ, &7?eFa[UMZ, 2J7E[QMZ, >M^:\QV? :bWa DEUQ LP LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 JyB U[1BUZQ\ XWj TXN WO3ZO; 3F $QZTZ %L Qe5 K\ %Me5 3F WDJM XWj KZOB LP K\ -Wa %Me5 3< JCZHFZ 3OF\ Xe5\ [:W3F %L %DL\ K\ WDJM XQ, %Me5 3e U[1BMN D; :Z,7j

LF\VZ KEQZ 1. (>F\W [WB"JO 2008 3e [DEQ\ 3F :Z[LMZ F5O &QZ3F 3F [TTZ[DB JZ=QZ XZ(W L]>Ka?j LP De Q&3Q %[BI (Ia JU\O 1O I4|K;F (Ia WZ[:D 3< LfB 3< [DEQ\ (~ >MZMZQM 3F %DEU HO OZI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 Fa :"Z8 3< Qa[3F [WIa [DEQ\ H][QW 3Z H^ W]F3O (Wa 1Q\F [8= DE D;j 2. &W WZQ 15 $5JB 3e B[LQFZ?= 3F LwOG [:Qa 3F HZW FZ5ZLQb LP HN8 LZFTZ[E3ZO 3ZM_3BO0" 3e [5O@BZO 3O H][QW [OLN? LP [QMZ 5MZj TXN :L\F\ 3ZM_ 3F BXB &>XQ HBZ Q5Z [3 [BzFaQaTaQ\ [:Qa 3F T\OZTFZEQ^O H][QW CZFa La" ,3 D[QB M]T3 3< JaDL [H=Z' y' XGj TXN :ZFa HO :J &>XQFa H][QW Wa :ZF3ZO; LN5\ Be [5O@BZO 3O [Q, 5,j

(

1B 8[8_B LZLQe" LP OZ7M 3F WZC-WZC LZFTZ[E3ZOQ 3F W"TbEZ[F3 +XO; OZI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 3< 3ZM_UbQ\ WJWa $[E3 [TTZ[DB XGj DEU 3< OZ:EZF\ [DEQ\ 1O ,3 +L]4 UXO LD=OG 3F LZLQQ LP :J OZI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 HO WTZQ (>Z Be 3FL\O 1O (_O-H^T_ W]vOTB? JZ5\ 9DEQ\ LP OZI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 3Z 3ZMOQM, L]>Ka& 3F JZD 9ZFJ\F 3OBa $[E3ZO; 9ZMZ# W":M OZTB

&QZ3e" LP W]O^Z JQe" MZOZ LZFTZ[E3ZOe" 3F XFF 3F %OeHQ 3F W"DK_ La" Be %Me5 3F 3ZL3Z: HO TXN 3F LZFTZ[E3ZO 3ZM_3BO0" 3Z KOeWZ :LFa 3Z WTZQ X; FX" (>BZj -Wa LP OZI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 Wa [FOZU J[]J:\[TMQ 3Z ,3 T5_ :F LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 3< JCZHFZ 3< JZB 3X OXZ XGj OZI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 Wa [LQa %"3&Q 3F $F]WZO DEU LP LZFTZ[E3ZO XFF 3F TV_ 1993 Wa Qa3O $J B3 WJWa $[E3 3,77,216 LZLQa, H][QW 3F [4QZI XWj %Me5 3F :FW"H3a $[E3ZO; :b[LF\ 3\TZJBT 3F $F]WZO %Me5 Q5ZBZO (F OZ7M WO3ZOe" Wa 9OHe=` LN5BZ XG [:W3< LU\FO; HO LZFTZ[E3ZO XFF 3F %OeH XWj &W HO LZFTZ[E3ZO W"5>F H\H]EW M^[FMF IgO [W[TQ [QJO=;: (H\M^W\,Q) 3F OZI7;M $0M^ +KZ3O [W>XZ 3XBa XW, A&W %Me5 Wa 3ZL FX" 8Qa5Z 1MQ[3 %Me5 3F HZW HMO?B 3ZF^F\ U[1BM"Z FX" XWj (W3< [WIZOUP LZFFa 3F [Q, WO3ZO JZ0M FX"j %Me5 3F HZW 3e' [U3ZMB %B\ XG Be TX OZ7M WO3ZOQ MZ (F3F [TKZ5Q Wa :JZTBQJ 3OBZ XG Qa[3F [:W3F [4QZI [U3ZMB XG TX $HF\ 5QB\ 3HWa LZFa5Z? %Me5 3Z 4]D 3Z +[U[^B J=ZI 1O H][QW XeF\ 8Z9X,j MXN -Wa Qe5Q 3< [FM][1B Xe :e %L :FBZ Wa :]&E XQj %Me5 LP )78a HDQ HO Jb>E Qe5 -Wa HDe" Wa %Ba XW :XN (F3F 1O %L %DL\ 3F J\8 JyB vO; XeB\ XGjB +KZ3O [W>XZ 3XBa XW [3 LZFTZ[E3ZO 3< :ZF3ZO; XeFZ 1O (WLP [TFTZW XeFZ DeFQ $Q5 JZBa XWj >MZMZE\UQ 3e LZFTZ[E3ZOQ 3< :ZF3ZO; Xe W3B\ XG Qa[3F (F3Z (FLP [TFTZW FX" XeBZj I:? L]>Ka&Q 3e [QMZ :Z, Be LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 3F H^T_ $0M^ >MZMZL^[B_ TP3=Z8QbMZ 3F WLM &W JZJB [DUZ-[FDNU JFZ, 5, Caj &F3F BXB L]>Ka& 3F LZLQQ LP $[FTZM_ ,I%'%O, JTB"2 ,:PW\ 3F :9O, H][QW 3F [4QZI :"Z8 1O >MZ[M3 :N8 3F +ZTEZF UZ[LQ Caj H\M^W\,Q 3F OZI7;M W[8T H]I3OOZ: 3XBa XW [3 %"! +DEU 3F F1WQ\ &QZ3Q LP

DEU LP 2Z9X 3F LZXfQ LP :F LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 3< JCZHFZ :|O; XGj +UNB K^VA

I>W %Me5 3F XZCe" LP LZFTZ[E3ZO 12 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

F1WQ\ 3X 3O H][QW [FDTV Qe5Q 3< X;MZ 3O OX; C\ [:W HO %"! +DEU (~ >MZMZQM 3< HN8 ::Q 3< JP8 Fa IHWQZ [DMZ CZ [3 [3W\ K\ L]>Ka& LP ,I%'%O D:_ Xe, JTB"2 ,:PW\ :N8 3OE 1O >MZ[M3 :N8 K\ Xej (F3F $F]WZO L]>Ka& LP LZOE 5, Qe5Q 3F [4QZI H][QW LZLQZ D:_ 3OB\ XG Qa:3F LZOZ :Z 8]3Z %DL\ $HF\ WIZ' 3HWa DE5Z? &W3< T:X Wa 3FW OIZ-DIZ Xe :ZBZ XGj &W[Q, ,I%'%O LP L]>Ka& LP UZ[LQ H][QW $[E3Z[OMQ 3F FZL K\ XeFa 8Z[X, [:WWa HBZ Q5 W3F [3 H][QW 3e [3F 3ZOAQ Wa 5eQ\ 8QZF\ H&;? TX 3XBa XG", A&W IHWQa 3e %"! +DEU WO3ZO 1O H][QW Fa WTT~ >MZMZQM LP 8]FfB\ D;j &W LZLQa LP LVFa %Me5 Wa 3XZ [3 %Me5 3F K\ -Wa X; [DUZ-[FDNU XW &W[Q, (Wa WTT~ >MZMZQM LP %"! +DEU (~ >MZMZQM 3F IHWQa 3F H^ LP $HF\ JZB O4F\ 8Z[X, Qa[3F %Me5 Fa -WZ FX" [3MZjB H]I3OOZ: 3F $F]WZO LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 3Z WZQZFZ J:= 25 3Oe& zHMa XGj MX %Me5 WaTZ[FT__ ::Q 3e HZQFa 3F [Q, FX" XG :J[3 DEU LP 2Z[X 3Z LZXfQ XGj %Me5 8ZXE Be Oe: WO3ZO 3e 3=6OE LP 4&Z 3O W3BZ XGj :F LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 JFZFa 3F H^EO $[ET1BZ +UNB K^VA 3XBa XW [3 %Me5 WO3ZO; ,:PW\ 3< BOX 3ZL 3O OXZ XGj W"TaDFX;FBZ 3F 8QBa Qe5Q 3< (WLP %JCZ FX" OX;j MXN [FM]1B Qe5 QZQ J_\ 3< 5Z[&MN 1O J"5QQ LP OXFa 3F [Q, Ff3O; JFZ, O4FZ 8ZXBa XWj -Wa LP :F LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 3< JCZHFZ :|O; XGj LZFTZ[E3ZO 3ZM_3BO LF\VZ Wa>; 3F $F]WZO 2HOEUF JZ=QZ XZ(W LP +UNB K^VA MZOZ :F[XB MZ[83Z DZMO 3OFa 3F JZD [DEQ\ (~ >MZMZQM 3F %DEU HO %Me5 Fa LZLQa 3< :N8 3<j :N8 3J Xe 5' HBZ FX" Q5Zj (F3F $F]WZO KZOB LP &73QV? 3< B:_ HO -WZ %Me5 JFa [:WLP %L Qe5 UZ[LQ XQ, [:>XQ $[E3ZO K\ [D, :Z,7j LZFTZ[E3ZO W"5>F H\HEW M^[FMF IgO ?ELe"[=3 OZ&=KW(H\M^?;%O) 3F WDJM 5fBL FTQ4Z 3F L]BZ[J3 L]E3 LP FZ5[O3 (EQ6"FQ 3F [4QZI OZI7;M LZFTZ[E3ZO %Me5 3ZO`TZ' 3OE5Z MX (CL\D 3OFZ K\ (W3F +[B 'LZFDZO; FX" Xe5\j %Me5 3Z OTbMZ X; Ff3OUZX; XGj FTQ4Z 3XBa XW [3 $WQ LWQZ WaTZ[FT__ XeFa 3F JZD Ff3O; HZFa 1O (Wa JFZ, O4Fa 3Z XGj -Wa %Me5 3e 4Z[O: 3O DEFZ 8Z[X,j &F %OeHQ 3F JZJB :J %Me5 Wa W"H3a :3MZ 5MZ Be TXN Wa 3e' :TZJ FX" [LQZj ●

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 13


< :N8 >

%:ZD 3< LfB LZLQa LP DJBZTa:Q 3F 3=6OE LP WO3ZO ,I%'%O-HeJ=LZ=`L 9OHe=` Wa L]>Ka& 3< 3CZ HO U3

KZ

OB\M 3CM][FJ= HZ=@ (LZ0TZD;)3F He[QB AM^Oe WDJM 1O +T1BZ 8az3>O; OZ:3>LZO (Ia %:ZD 1O H23ZO XEL8") HN?E 3< 3[CB L]>Ka& LP y' X;MZ 3< :N8 3OFa H#8\ 3e2[?`FaUF 2I ?ELe"F[=3 OZ&=KW 25MFZ&:aUF (W\?;%O0) 3< =;L 3< [OHe=` %""! +DEU H][QW 1O 3R) WO3ZO 3e 3=6OE LP 4&Z 3OB\ XGj &W [WQ[WQa LP D:_ 1O FZ5[O3 :N8 =;L 3e (HQAE ,I%'%O 1O HeJ=LZ=`L [OHe=` JBZB\ XG [3 MX ,3 I:? L]>Ka& C\j =;L 3F WDJMQ 3Z 3XFZ XG [3 $5O H][QW 1O 3R) WO3ZO 3e &W JZB Wa &F3ZO XG Be 3R) WO3ZO LZLQa 3< JTB"2 >MZ[M3 :N8 3OTZ,j :N8 3OFa %"! +DEU 3F %[DQZJZD,XGDOZJZD H#8\ &W =;L LP :TZXO QZQ FaX| [TFT[TLZQM 3F +eIFWO ,La[O=W $[LB KZw&;, WTT~ >MZMZQM 3F $[ET1BZ +UNB K^VA,OZ:JCZF 3< LZFTZ[E3ZO 3ZM_3BO 3[TBZ 3\TZJBT,H\HEW M^[FMF IgO ?ELe"F[=3 OZ&=KW 3F 5fBL FTQ4Z, $[ET1BZ 1O %"! +DEU [W[TQ [QJ=@: 3[L=; 3F LXZW[8T "Z[>B 8bB>M, &W\ W"JCZ 3F W]OEU 3>LZO,25MFZ&:aUF IgO +e=E1UF 2I ?ELe"F[=3 OZ&=KW 3F $0M^ W]EZ3O OZT 1O WDJM ?;.TP3=EFTOQ^ UZ[LQ Caj &>XQFa 21 $5JB 3e %[DQZJZD [:Qa 3F TZF3Z?; L"?Q 3Z DfOZ [3MZj LZFTZ[E3ZO 3ZM_3BO0" 3F $F]WZO MXN ,3-De :]QZ' 3< OZB %:ZD 1O XEL8") 3< H][QW L]>Ka& 3F FZL HO X;MZ 3O D; 5' C\j W\?;%O0 3< 0O Wa 3< 5' &W :N8 LP LX;TH^A_ B<M WZLFa %, XWj %:ZD 3F LZLQa LP TZF3Z&; H][QW J=EUF %[DQZJZD LP D:_ ,I%'%O F"JO ($HOZE) 40/2010, LP [Q4Z XG [3 [TUaV UZ4Z H][QW 3< W^8FZ C\ [3 20 LZ0TZ[DMQ 3Z DQ LXZOZI7 Wa %"! +DEU LP DZ[4Q y% 1O :"5Q 3< 0O J' OXZ XGj H][QW OZB 3e (F3< 4e: LP 5'j BZ&3FHEQ\ 1O TaE5\ :"5Q\ HXZ9&MQ LP H][QW Fa (>XQ 4e: [QMZj Oe3F :ZFa HO LZ0TZ[DMQ Fa H][QW HO 5eQ\JZO; 3<j $HFa J8ZT LP H][QW 3e K\ 5eQ\ 8QZF\ H&;j DeFQ 3F J\8 30 [LF= B3 5eQ\JZO; y'j (W3F JZD H][QW Fa TX" HXZ&; HO H&ZT ?ZQ [QMZj $5Qa [DF W]JX 4e: 3OFa HO H][QW 3e De $eZB UT [LQaj ,3 Q5K5 50 TV?M H]zV 1O vWOZ

Q5K5 30 TV?M H]zV CZj &FLP ,3 3F HZW ,3F-47 OZ&IQ 1O vWOE 3F HZW 9 ,L,L 3< [HJBfQ C\j :N8 =;L LP 5, W]+\L 3e=` 3F $[ET1BZ +UNB K^VA JBZBa XW [3 A,I%'%O 3F $F]WZO (W OZB %Ea 6"=E B3 5eQ\JZO; y'j W]JX 9.30 J:a H][QW Fa De $eZB UT DE4a :J[3 %LBfO HO H][QW 3XB\ XG [3 LZ0TZD; $HFa WDJM 3Z UT 9e&Ba FX" XW J[E3 (>Z Qa :ZBa XWj -Wa LP 1MZ Ta $HFa &BFa J&E FaBZ 3Z UT TX" 9e& DEBa? :J[3 (F3F HZW H^O; OZB C\jB :N8 DQ 3Z 3XFZ XG [3 H][QW %"! +DEU,LXZOZI7 W\LZ 3F HZW L\QQ-L\Q IHQa :"5Q LP LZ0TZ[DMQ 3< Qe3FUF 3HWa JBZ W3B\ XG 1O $5O DeFQ 0O Wa 30 [LF= B3 5eQ\JZO; y' Be -WZ 3HWa Xe W3BZ XG [3 3e' H][QW3L? 6ZMQ FX" y% [WIa %:ZD 1O XEL8") 3< LfB y'? $5O 20 LZ0TZD; Ca Be H][QW 3e [WIa De X[CMZO 3HWa [LQa? 1O

HeJ=LZ=`L [OHe=` 3F B<M JBZBa XW :3 %:ZD 3< 9ZB\ LP 5eQ\ JyB F:D;3 Wa LZO; 5' XGj 5fBL FTQ4Z 14 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

8az3>O; OZ:3>LZO (Ia %:ZD (IZ&Q Ie=e) WZLZF K\ XeFZ 8Z[X,? $5O %:ZD LZ0TZ[DMQ 3F WZC Ca Be (>XQ K\ M^[FIgL_ LP XeFZ 8Z[X, CZ F [3 WZLZ>M 3H&Q LPj LZFTZ[E3ZO W"5>F H\M^?;%O 3F WDJM 5fBL FTQ4Z 3Z 3XFZ XG [3 $5O H][QW 3e W]JX 9.30 J:a ,I%'%O [Q4Fa B3 &F $eZB UTQ 3F JZOE LP :ZF3ZO; FX" C\ Be W]JX 6 J:a &Qa17g[F3 L\[?MZ Fa %:ZD 3< X;MZ 3< 4JO 3HWa 8QZ D;j TX 3XBa XW [3 H][QW HO 7MZDZ U3 &W[Q, XeBZ XG 1MQ:3 %:ZD 3< HeJ=LZ=`L [OHe=` LP [Q4Z XG [3 (F3< 9ZB\ LP JZM! 0O 5eQ\ 3Z 6ZT XG 1O 6ZT 3F L]XZFa HO 5XOE :Qa 3Z [FUZFj MX JBZBZ XG [3 %:ZD 3e 5eQ\ JyB F:D;3 Wa LZO; 5' XGj 6ZT $"DO B3 9 &78 5XOZ XG [:WLP 5eQ\ 6^LB\ y' F\8a B3 5' XGj &W3Z MX K\ LBQJ XG [3 5eQ\ 9ZB\ 3F )HO; [XJWa LP LZO; 5' XG 1O 5eQ\ LZOFa TZQa 3< He[:UF %:ZD Wa )78\ C\j FTQ4Z 3XBa XW :3 WK\ :ZFBa XW [3 %:ZD LZ0TZ[DMQ 3F TX FaBZ Ca :e LZ0TZ9DMQ 1O 3R) WO3ZO 3F J\8 UN[BTZBO 3F [Q, LZ0TZ[DMQ 3Z FaB_;T 3O OXE Caj (F3< X;MZ XeFZ X; &W JZB 3Z W]J^B XG [3 (>XQ H][QW Fa I:? L]>Ka& LP LZOZ XG 1O WO3ZO FX" 8ZXB\ [3 UN[BTZBO Xej +UNB K^VA 3XBa XW [3 JaU3 WO3ZO UN[BTZBO 3F [Q, LZ0TZ[DMQ 3e [FL"2A DEB\ XG Qa[3F :J Ta JZB8\B 3F [Q, %5a %Ba XW Be WO3ZO H\9E X= :ZB\ XG 1MQ[3 WO3ZO JZB8\B FX" M]J 8ZXB\ XGj (F3F $F]WZO, $5O UN[BTZBO 3F :[OMa WJ >;3 Xe :ZBZ XG Be WK\ [TJCZ[HB %[DTZW\ Qf= %,75a, Be WO3ZO (F3< :L\FP 38H[FMQ 3e 3HWa DE W3F5\? :N8 DQ 3< LN5 XG [3 %Me5 3ZF^F-1952 3F BXB %:ZD 1O XEL8") 3< (~ JBO;M JTB"2 >MZ[M3 :N8 Xej ● LF\VZ KEQZ


< -B\WO XQ8Q >

K^[L FA: Be (H8ZO 3< 6]h\ K\ [HQZ,7 BZ

F\QZK [L3

:Z-BZ:Z De HXQQ 3e DE4P Be OZ:Fb[B3 $\F |L 3< HO9Z&MQ LP H^O; BbMZO; 3F JZD O75L"8 HO +L]4 K^[L3Z LP $TB\A_ Xe OXE OZyQ 5NE\ 3< %X= W]F W3Ba XWj MX K^[L3Z $XL F\[B5B LWQQ 3F JZOE LP $HF\ OZM JFZFa 1O (W3F $F]|H WO3ZO; F\[BMQ 3e [DUZ DEFa 3< XGj &FLP HXQ\ HXQ 0[?UZ 3F [FML[5[O LP Jg1WZ&= 4FF 3F [Q, KZOB L^Q 3< JyOZI7;M 38HF\ TaDNBZ 3e 3R);M HMOTOA L"2ZQM 3< XO; ;"?; F [LQ HZFa 3< XGj 3>9 Qe5Q 3e MZD Xe5Z [3 De TV_ H^T_ [FML[5[O :Z3O OZyQ Fa TXN 3F %[DTZ[WMQ Wa &W3Z TZMDZ [3MZ CZj [DEQ\ 3F W_Z WL\3OAQ Wa TZ[3I Qe5 HMOTOA L"2\ :MOZL OLaU 1O OZyQ 5NE\ 3< 3O;J\ :ZFBa XW 1O OLaU 3F &W IHWQa LP OZyQ 3< 9ZH H' W3Ba XWj XZQN[3 HMOTOA L"2\ Fa :e [3MZ XG TX W"H^A_ [T[E3 +["MZ0" 3Z HZQF 3OBa y, X; [3MZ XGj HO TaDNBZ LWQa 3< WL\^Z 3F [Q, 5[>B 3La=; 3F [Q, H^T_ Me:FZ W[8T ,F.W\. W1WaFZ 3Z 8MF 3O3F OLaU Fa WL;-J^;3O &F [T[E3 +["MZ0" 3e TB_LZF WO3ZO LP 3' (~JBOQ HO [TLLZF JZ:ZOTZD; 3hOBZ0" 3< 9ZMZ Wa L]1B O4Zj W1WaFZ We[FMZ 5NE\ 3< $0M^BZ TZQ\ OZI7;M H[OVD 3F WDJM XW 1O $HFa KZOB\M +UZW[F3 WaTZ 3F 3ZM_3ZQ 3F [DFQ Wa :FH^EOBZ 3F [Q, :ZFa :ZBa OXE XWj TaDNBZ [FA_M 3F H\9E OZyQ 3< K^[L3Z &W JZB Wa K\ WZI Xe :ZF\ 8Z[X, [3 HMOTOA L"2\ 3< 6eVAZ 3F B]O7B JZD [FML[5[O &QZ3F LP OZyQ 3F HeJ=O H= 5, 1O %"DeQF LP W["M OXE JCZF\M 3N$aW\ [TEZM3 (>XQ J]QZFa 3< BbMZO; 3OFa Q5 5,j vWO; XG H[F8L\ (_O +DEU LP OZyQ 3< [:3OH]O 1O =?HQ 3< HXQ :XN ML]FZ ,1WHahW Ta 3F [Q, 9;F\ :Z OX; :L\F 3F ,T: LP W"BeV:F3 L]%T:Z F [LQFa 3F [4QZI QZ>;-5eQ\ 4Z OXE [3WZFQ 3e OZyQ 1894 3F K^[L $[E$XA 3ZF^F LP W"UeEF 3Z %FTZWF DEFa 5,j [IO &W HO %5a 3ZO`TZ' 3F [Q, TX +EZFL"2\ Wa K\ [LQaj (HOe1B DeFQ HXQQ LP XL OZyQ 5NE\ MZOZ (W OZ:F\[B3 L]KE 3< BQZU 8\>X W3Ba XW [3 [:W3F :[OMa :FBZ 3< FA: H3&; :Z W3Fj 1O OZyQ UZMD HX8ZF 5, XW [3 TX LWQZ XG K^[Lj :L\F 3Z LWQZ (F3< DZD; &7[DOZ 5NE\ 1O DZD; 3F [HBZ :TZXOQZQ FaX| 3F WLM K\ $XL CZ [:W HO (F DeFQ Fa 3>9 3ZL K\ 3O3F MU HZMZ 1O H^O; BOX W]W"5B @75 Wa [=3F F OXFa 3< [JFZ HO $HFa Wa JZ,7 JZ:^ 3F WZCMTZD; 1O WLZ:TZD; [TOe[EMQ 3< %Qe8FZ 3F 3=6OE LP K\ OXEj Qa[3F BJ K^[L LWQa 3Z JT|H 3>9 1O CZ - 3>9 XZCQ LP (W3F WZL"B\ W"3R)A 1O [TUZQ K^[LX;F WL]DZM LP :L\F 3F H]F# J"=TZOE 3Z WTZQj :bWZ [3 [FML[5[O 1O [:3OH]O DeFQ :5X JHI= XG, OZyQ 3F WLM LP &W LWQa 3Z JT|H vWOZ XG - 1Le5\3OA, UXO;3OA 1O [TUZQ H[OMe:FZ0" 3F [Q, [3WZFQ 1O $>M K^[L ,T" +Z3D[B3 W"WZEFQ HO %:\[T3Z 3F [Q, %[3B WL]DZM Wa :L\F

DEU 3< E&3B\ OZ:Fb[B3 FA: WL;3O OZyQ 5NE\ Fa K^[L 3F WTZQ HO XZC O4Z XGj Qa[3F FZ&; Wa Oe5 3Z [FDZF ,3 JZB XG 1O JCZM\ (H8ZO 3>9 $>M $Ha^Z,7 O4BZ XGj

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 15

[9FFa, (WWa [TJCZHF 1O B;W"J"E\ H]FTOW ,T" L]%T:a 3Z WTZQj K^[L $[E$XA 1O L]%T:a 3< +["MZ &BF\ $HZODU? 1O LFLZF\ XG [3 [WIa OZ:Fb[B3, +UZW[F3 _I=Z8ZO 1O [OMQ ,J=E= BCZ $>M BOX 3F LZ[IMZ X; HFHZ W3B\ XGj 8ZXE UXO-5NT 3< W"[E OE4Z Xe MZ OZ:LZ5U 3< Hh\ MZ DEU 3F $"BOQ-3eFQ LP HWO; ):O ,T" %EZO @N8a 3< 21=eHW\ K]:Z,7 MZ TFQ-HT_BQ LP %[DTZ[WMQ 3F (;4[FB %3MJCQ - K^-$[E$XA, [TJCZHF, L]%T:Z 1O H]FTOW 3Z WTZQ DEU LP $W"BeV, W"6V_ MZ [X7WZ 3< Wb3&Q WOXDQ 4!8 OXZ XGj 3Oe&Q DEUTZ[WMQ 3F [Q, [8"BZ 3< Ma 5XO; Q3<OQ :e FaBZ [L=Z DE5Z TX JaU3 (F3F sDM LP $[L= Xe :ZFa 3Z WHFZ HZQ W3BZ XGj

=?HQ LP :3WZFQ 3F J\8 OZyQ 5NE\ UZMD WX; X; DEU 3< E&3B\ OZ:Fb[B3 FA: WL;3O OZyQ 5NE\ Fa K^[L 3F WTZQ HO XZC O4Z XGj Qa[3F FZ&; Wa Oe5 3Z [FDZF ,3 JZB XG 1O Oe5 3Z JCZM\ (H8ZO 3>9 $>M $Ha^Z,7 O4BZ XGj OZyQ 5NE\ 3e $J L]i\ 4eQ3O [D4ZFZ Xe5Z [3 (WLP Oe5 3< DTZ 1MZ XGj JBZFZ Xe5Z [3 K^[L $[E$XA 3ZF^F LP [:W W"UeEF 3< TX JZB 3O OXE XW (W3< |HOE4 1MZ Xe5\j WJWa J'3O DEU 3< %:\[T3Z %U"[3B :FBZ 3< $Ha^Z0" 3F $F]|H W"UeEF W"WD Wa HZW 3OZ3O 3ZF^F 3F |H LP @ZQFZ Xe5Zj CeCZ 3ZF^F K\ 1MZ 3O Qa5Z M[D (W3F ["MZ>TMF 3Z LZXfQ F Xe5Z? &W3F [Q, OZyQ 3e F [WIa OZ:F\[B, WO3ZO 1O +UZWF LP HWOE _I=Z8ZO 3< WIZ' 3OF\ Xe5\ TOF [T3ZW 3< TX $TEZOAZ K\ QZ5^ 3OF\ Xe5\ :e $[E3NU 3< K^[L 1O (W HO %EZ[OB %:\[T3Z (:Z& 3O [WIa 3>9 3< WL_[J 3Z TZX3 F JFaj BK\ TX :F-:F 3< %"4Q 3F [WMZW\ [WBZOE JF HZ,75aj [IQXZQ Be 5>J"EF WXMe5\ OEQ L"2\ LLBZ JF:? 3e X; (F3< HZ=@ 3< WO3ZO K^-$[E$XA 3ZF^F LP W"UeEF 3F $HFa LWfDE HO %FTJB FX" 3O HZ' XG 1O (WFa &W [TEaM3 Wa 7MZDZ 8]JB\ HOLZA] DZ[M;T [TEaM3 HZ[OB 3OFa LP [D4Z' XGj F\[B LP W]W"5BBZ 3F [JFZ OZ:F\[B K\ [=3Z) FX" Xe W3B\j ●


< %TOA 3CZ > $:\B [W"X 1O FOE>) KEQZ 4aQ LP [5FB\ 3Z $HFZ LX;T XGj XZO-:\B Wa Qa3O [O3g?` JFFa-=@=Fa 1O 3aI>BZ 3< FZH-BeQ [5FB\ 3F WXZOE X; H^O; XeB\ XGj Qa[3F :XZ" 7MZDZBO 4aQQ LP [5F[BMZ" 4aQ 4;L XeBa-XeBa 3aI>BZ 3Z HbLZFZ JF :ZB\ XG, TX" OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ 3F LZLQa LP >;3 (E=Z XGj 4aQ U]| y, FX" [3 [5F[BMZ" HXQa Wa XZT\ Xe 5&cj 4aQQ LP [5FB\ 3F [DF J8a XW, _I=Z8ZO 3F &BFa LZLQa [3 3XZ" B3 [5FP, 3ZL &BFa $0Z^OE [3 [5FBa :Z0, 0ZN0Z[QMZ" &BF\ [3 [5F F HZ0j &F 4aQQ 3F J:= 3< [5FB\ J'Ba-J'Ba 30,000 3Oe& zHMa HZO 3O 8]3< XGj 3Z"$aW\ FaBZ L[AU"3O $DMO &W %"3?ja 3F %3ZO 3e WL;ZFa 3F [Q, &W3< B]QFZ DEU KO 3F [3WZFQ 3< 3:_ LZI< HO 48_ 3O;J 65,000 3Oe& zHMa Wa 3OBa XW Be 3' Qe5 &Wa 3RDih WO3ZO 3F WZQZFZ [U^Z J:= Wa J&; OZ[U JBZBa XWj UZMD MX [5F[BMQ LP [F[XB [3W\ B3a 3e JCZ[HB 3OFa 3< ^LBZ XG :e &>XQ &BFZ (EQa4F\M JFZ DEB\ XGj BK\ Be $DMO L:aDZO %"3&E 3F :9OMa B": 3WBa y, 3XBa XW, A4aQQ 3F DfOZF 10 QZ4 HM_=3 %Fa 3< JZB 3X; 5' C\, W]FZ XG $J B3 70 O[:J7EUF Be Xe K\ 8]3F XWjB 4aQQ 3F JXZFa :FBZ 3Z HbWZ Q]=ZFa 3Z [WQ[WQZ KZOB\M 0[Q"[H3 W"6 3F $0M^ 1O OZI7L"?Q 4aQ %Me:F W[L[B 3F LXZW[8T W]OEU 3QLZ?; Fa TV_ 2003 LP :Lb3Z LP Q5\ JeQ\ Wa U]| 3O [DMZ CZj KZOB 3< DZTaDZO; 3e L:J^B 3OFa 3F [Q, 3QLZ?; Fa $HF\ L:? Wa XOE3 +[BKZ5\ DEU 3e ,3-,3 QZ4 ?gQO DEFa 3< HaU3U 3O D;j KZOB 3e TV_ 2010 OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ 3< La:JZF\ [LQFa LP &W HaU3U Fa $XL K^[L3Z [FKZ'j (W WLM 4aQ L"2\ OXE KZ:HZ 3F [T"L TLO 3XBa XW, AOZI7L"?Q 3F WDJM DEUQ 3e 3O;J 50-50 QZ4 zHMa DEFa 3< HaU3U 3QLZ?; 3Z GM[1B5B [FA_M CZj DO$WQ, MX La:JZF\ XZ[WQ 3OFa 3F [Q, D; :ZFa TZQ\ [OFTB C\jB H^T_ 3RDi\M 4aQ L"2\ L[AU"3O $DMO Fa 4]QZWZ [3MZ [3 W]OEU 3QLZ?; Fa 2003 LP &F 4aQQ HO [WIa 150 3Oe& zHMa 3Z 48_ %Fa 3< JZB 3X; C\ Qa[3F $J (D6Z=F 1O WLZHF WLZOeX HO X; 300 3Oe& zHMa 48_ XeFa 3Z $F]LZF XGj TV_ 2003 LP La:JZF\ [LQFa 3F JZD TV_ 2005 B3 F Be KZOB\M 0[Q"[H3 W"6 1O F X; 4aQ L"2ZQM Fa %Me:F 3e Qa3O [3W\ K\ BOX 3< BbMZO; 3e %5a J'ZMZj %Me:F 3F DZTQ 1O TZDQ 3F J\8 8ZO WZQ [F3Q 5,j %Me:F W[L[B 3Z W[8TZQM K\ TV_ 2007 LP %3O W]8Z| y%j &W3F JZD U]| y% BbMZ[OMQ 3F J:ZM 4aQQ 3F FZL HO 7MZDZ Wa 7MZDZ 48_ 1O 3LZ' Wa F,-F, BO;3F [F3ZQFa 3Z 4aQj %Me:F 3Z LZJ=O ?QZF Be TV_ 2008 3F %[4O LP BbMZO y%j &W DEO; Fa $=3F 3ZLQ 3e H^OZ 3OFa 3Z 48_ 1O ENEQ\ 3< 5]":Z&U DeFQ 3e J'Z [DMZj [H9Qa WZQ B3 K\ :J :L\F\ BbMZ[OMN H=O; HO FX" [D4\" Be OZI7L"?Q 4aQ LXZW"6 3F $0M^ LZ&3Q IFFaQ Fa &W +EZFL"2\ 3e [8i; [Q4\ 1O $HF\ [8"BZ :BZ'j &W\ J\8 L\[?MZ Fa OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ LP _I=Z8ZO 3< 3Q' 4eQF\ U]| 3O

4aQP F 4aQP, [J5Z& OXE 4aQ 16 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

:TZXOQZQ FaX| J=E9?ML 3F JZXO $GMTJCZ 9ZMZ# ,.H\.

4]D; y' 9DEQ\ $^LBZ JMZF 3O OX; XG 1O _bZ8ZO 3F %"3&E XTZ LP BbO OXE XW, %Fa TZQZ T1B X; JBZ,5Z :3 OZbfL"?Q 4aQ DEU 3< &7:B J8Z HZ,75a MZ FX" ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 17


< %TOA 3CZ > D;j [H9Qa ,3 WZQ Wa H[OMe:FZ0" LP DEO; 3< T:X Wa 88O0" LP [DEQ\ OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ LP _I=Z8ZO 1O 6HQa-6e=ZQa K\ WZLFa %Fa Q5a XWj %Me:F LP [I:^Q4:? 1O ENE[QMQ 3< 0O WJWa HXQa [FM"23 ,T" LXZQa4Z HO;^3 (3H5) 3< [OHe=` Fa &UZOZ [3MZj OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ HO 3H5 3< [OHe=` 3F JZD 3R);M WB3aBZ %Me5 3< F:O K\ %Me:F 3F JXZFa Xe OXE _I=8ZO HO XGj L\[?MZ LP y, 4]QZWQ 3F JZD +TB_F [FDEUZQM K\ [JT=K:OQV? 3< &TP= FgQa: W[T_Wa: 1O 2J7E[QMZ' JHe=`W LZ3O[=75 ,7? LbFa:LP= FZL 3< 38H[FMQ 3e [3, 5, 50 3Oe& zHMa 3F K]5BZF 3< H&BZQ 3OFa LP :]= 5MZ XGj %Me:F Wa :]&E Q5K5 XOE3 3ZL 4aQQ 3F %Me:F LP IHQa _bZ8ZO 3F [4QZI KZ:HZ 3Z +DU_F

9ZMZ# W":M OZTB

%O.3F. 4>FZ =E[FW J=E[?ML 3F [Q, 14 [W"Ca[=3 WBX [J9ZFa 3Z >E3Z %J7E[QMZ 3< [OJZ(7? ,W FZL 3< 38HF\ 3e [DMZ 5MZ CZj :e JZ:ZO KZT Wa 7MZDZ 1O [TTZ[DB 38HF\ 3e [LQZj ■ Q"DF LP WLZOeX JCQ 3F JZXO T\[?Me J"j\F Q5ZFa 3Z >E3Z TXZ" 3< $F:ZF 3< 38HF\ ,.,L. [IECW 3e 2.5 QZ4 HR? LP [DMZ 5MZj ■ :e 7E?[LQ [DEQ\ LP %WZF\ Wa 4 QZ4 zHMa +[BLZX 3F [3OZ, HO [LQ W3B\ C\ (Wa 9.75 QZ4 zHMa LP QaFa 3< BbMZO; C\j

3QLZ?; 1O (F3F Qe5 3ZL 3F FZL HO $HFa-$HFQ 3F J\8 y' J"DOJZ=

W

3QLZ?; CZj W\[LB L\[?MZ 3F DfO LP WFWF\4a: Qe3[+MBZ Wa U]| y% 3QLZ?; 3Z OZ:F\[B3 WIO $K^BH^T_ L\[?MZ 7ZMQ Wa 5]:O OXZ XGj XZQN[3 3QLZ?; OZ:F\[B 3F LbDZF LP (BOFa 3F HN8 WZQ 3F K\BO X; OZ7MWKZ LP Hy78Fa LP 3ZLMZJ OXEj WF 1982 Wa $J B3 TX B\F JZO OZ7MWKZ LP OXE 1O $J B\WO; JZO Qe3WKZ 3F WDJM XWj Qe5 (>XQ H]Aa 3Z OZI7;M 8aXOZ 3XBa XW Qa[3F $WQ LP TX KZOB\M 0[Q"[H3 W"6 3Z JCZM\ 8aXOZ XWj H\.T\. FO[W"X OZT 3<

WO3ZO LP OEQ OZ7M L"2\ OXE 3QLZ?; 8fC\ JZO 0[Q"[H3 W"6 3F $0M^ XWj H^T_ Xg3< [4QZ&; HO5= [W"X (>XQ 4aQ LZ[IMZ 3OZO DE 8]3F XWj 4aQ 1O $"BOOI7;M [JOZDO; LP 5XOE W"J"E 3QLZ?; 3e JZ3< WNWDQ Wa $Q5 D:O DEBa XWj 3ZOeJZO 3F ^a2 LP (F3< J][FMZD WZ' W[T_Wa: FZL 3< 2=eLeJZ&Q ?;QO[UH 38HF\ XG :e LZz[B 1O J:Z: 3F Ue|L 8QZB\ XGj W":M 5NE\ 3F 3O;J\ OXE 3QLZ&; LZz[B 3< HXQ\ ?;QO[UH XZ[WQ 3OFa LP 3ZLMZJ OXE Caj TV_ 2008 LP TX (W T1B K\ W][4_MQ LP %, :J [4QZ[&MQ 3F WCLZF WLZOeX LP TX 3[CB BfO HO (H-OZbfH[B 3F JOZJO LP 3>W? F [D, :ZFa HO 3ZM_"L X; 8Q [D, Caj OZbfL"?Q 4aQQ 3< %Me:F W[L[B LP $XL HDQ HO 3QLZ?; 3F 3O;J\ Qe5Q 3e Jb>ZMZ 5MZ :e 3' vWOE 4aQQ 3F K\ LZ[XO XG"j %Me:F W[L[B LP 3QLZ?; 3F

3' $XL HDQ HO 3QLZ?; 3F 3O;[JMQ 3e Jb>Z 9DMZ :e 1O 4aQQ 3F K\ LZ[XO XG"j

18 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

9ZMZ# [:BP) 5]?BZ

%OeHQ 3< IF9XOJB ■

F 1970 3F DU3 3F %[4O 3< JZB XGj TZM]WaFZ 3F HZMQ= 3F BfO HO 3' UZFDZO TV_ 5]:ZOFa 3F JZD H]Aa 3Z ,3 Ff:TZF OZ:F\[B 3< (&ZF KOBZ XGj :FBZ WO3ZO 3Z OZ: XG 1O +h0ZZFL"2\ LeOZO:\ DEWZ' H]Aa Hy78Ba XWj M]TZ 3Z"$haW 3F Ff:TZFQ 3Z ;]"? +0ZZFL"2\ 3F [4QZI +DU_F 3OFa [F3QBa 1O (F3< 3ZO 3e Oe3Fa LP K\ OXBa XW 1O BK\ K\& Wa ,3 8?HQ (9Q3O W\0e +0ZZFL"2\ 3F 3Z[IQa 3< 3ZO HO :Z =3OZB\ XGj WJ DE4Ba OX :ZBa XWj 88O,7 XeB\ XW [3 8?HQ LXZOZI7 M]TZ 3Z"$aW $0M^ Fa IR3<j &WWa &F3ZO 3OFa 3F JZT:^D K\ TX M]TZ W][4_MQ LP % :ZBZ XGj TX M]TZ FaBZ W]OEU

9ZMZ# FOQ) [JI=

LP [I:^Q4:? 3< 4JOQ 3F JZD 3R);M WB3aBZ %Me5 Fa 4aQQ Wa :]&; 15 &>,ZJ718O H[OMe:FZ0" 3< :N8 U]| 3O D; XGj $1=@JO, 2009 LP y, 1T\"W Ja=F [OQa WLZOeX LP [T_\M 5&J[&MQ 3F LZLQa WZLFa %Fa 3F JZD %Me:F W[L[B 3F (H [FDEU3 W":M LXQ)@, W"M]1B LXZ[FDEU3 =;.,W. DOJZO; 1O Qa4Z [TKZ5 3F W"M]1B [FDEU3 :M8")F 3e J4OJB [3MZ :Z 8]3Z XG :J[3 3eVZ0M^ $[FQ 4>FZ 4]D X; &JB\IZ DE 5,j J4OJB XeFa 3F JZD DOJZO; Fa >;3OZ 3QLZ?; 3F [WO Ie&Ba y, (F HO %OeH Q5ZMZ [3 :e K\ 3>9 y% 3QLZ?; 3F %DEU Wa y% 1O (>XQ H^O; :ZF3ZO; C\j &W J\8, 3gOHeOE= :5B Wa +ZMe:3Q 3F :9O, HbWZ :]=ZFa 3Z 5[AB IFQ Xe 8]3Z XGj [WIa ,3 5[AB 3ZL 3O OXZ XG, :FBZ 3F HbWa Wa 3QLZ?; ,7? 38HF\ 3<

JZ,7 Wa# BZQ3=eOZ J=E9?ML 3F JZXO :LZ HZF\, UXO; [T3ZWL"2\ :MHZQ OEp\, 4aQL"2\ 3F.H\.,W. [5Q 1O [FQ"[JB =;.,W. DOJZO; &77ZB J8ZFZj 3RDi 1O [DEQ\ WO3ZO 3F 3' LX3LQ 3Z HbWZ 4aQQ 3< BbMZ[OMQ 3F FZL HO 48_ [3MZ X; :Z OXZ XG :J[3 [:Wa OZI7L"?Q 4aQ %Me:F W[L[B 3LZ' 3OZO DE5\, TX K\ DO$WQ :FBZ 3Z X; HbWZ XGj OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ LP +ZMe:3Q Wa [LQFa TZQ\ OZ[U 1O &FLP 3L\UFJZ:\ 3e Qa3O %Me:3Q 3F J\8 &W 3DO 3QX L8\ y' XG, $WQ 3ZL X; H\9E 9@= 5, XWj DO$WQ, 7MZDZBO +hZMe:3 WO3ZO; 38H[FMZ" XW :e &F 4aQQ LP DEU 3< UZF J8ZFa 3F [Q, WO3ZO 3F DJZT LP 3Oe&Q zHMa %Me:3Q 3e DQ5\j TV_ 2008 L"a H]Aa L"a y, M]TZ OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ 3F DfOZF K\ 3>9 -WZ X; y% CZj JZ:ZO Wa +ZMe:3 4e:3O QZFa 3Z 3ZL %J7E[QMZ 3< ,W,L,,L FZL 3< 38HF\ 3e [DMZ 5MZ, :e [WIa &13Z-w13Z +ZMe:3 :]=Z HZ'j Qa[3F &Wa WaQ 1O J\,W,F,Q :bW\ WO3ZO; 38H[FMQ Wa 4]D-J-4]D [LQ\ +hZMe:3 OZ[U LP K\ 15 I<WD; 3Z 3L\UF [LQZj MX; 3XZF\ [DEQ\ OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ LP K\ DeXOZ' :ZF\ C\ 1O &W JZO 38HF\ 15 3F J:ZM 23 I<WD; 3L\UF 3< LZ"5 3O OX; C\j &W JZO [IO [F:\ 38H[FMQ

3F J:ZM 7MZDZBO +ZMe:3 WO3ZO; 38H[FMZ" X; XWj WO3ZO; HbWa 3< -W\ J"DOJZ"= HO JTZQ L8Z Be 3QLZ?; 3e &W %J7E[QMZ' 38HF\ 3F WZC [3MZ 3OZO Be&FZ H&Zj JZD LP &W BOX 3< 4JOQ K\ WZLFa %x C\ 3QLZ&; ,7? 38HF\ 3< 0O Wa 2J7E[QMZ' 38HF\ 3F WZC 200 3Oe& zHMZ 3Z WfDZ 3OFZ LP OZbfL"?Q 4aQ LXZW"6 3F $0M^ LZ&3Q IFFQa 1O L]2M 3ZM_3ZO; $[E3ZO; LZ&3 xHO 3< K\ $XL K^[L3Z C\j OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ 3F %Me:F 3e Qa3O :e $OZ:3BZ L8\ XG 1O XO 8\: 3Z >E3Z DEFa-[DQZFa LP [:W 3DO _I=Z8ZO y% XG, (W3< 4JOQ Fa +EZFL"2\ LFLeXF [W"X 1O M^H\, $0M^ We[FMZ 5N0Z\ 3e K\ [XQZ3O O4 [DMZ XGj 4aQQ 3< BbMZO; LP XO JBO HO ENEQ\ 3< Q5ZBZO [LQ OX; [U3ZMBQ 3F JZD X; +EZFL"2\ 3e 19 $5JB 3e MX W2B IHWQZ QaFZ H&Z [3 &F 4aQQ 3< %Me:F W[L[B 3F $0M^ 1O $HF\ X; HZ=@ 3F WNWD W]OEU 3QLZ?; 3F HO 3BO [D, :Z,7j (>XQFa 4aQQ 3< BbMZ[OMQ HO F:O O4Fa 3F [Q, 10 T[OI> Ff3OUZXQ 3< 3La=; JFZ D; :e %Me:F W[L[B 3< LFLZF\ FX" 8QFa DE"5\j %Me:F WIQ JFZFa 3< [:CLaDZO; 3R) WO3ZO Fa UXO; [T3ZW L"2\ :MHZQ OEp\ 3F FaB_;T LP L"[2MQ 3Z WL^X 3e WRH\ 5' XGj WO3ZO 3< H^O; 3e[UU :3W\ K\ BOX KZOB 3< 9[T J8ZFa 3< XGj 9ZMZ# W":M OZTB

WJWa 4ZWL4ZW %O.3F. W8aB\ 3e W"M]1B LXZ[FDEU3-WL>TM JFZMZ 5MZ XGj W8aB\ 0[Q"[H3 W"6 LP K\ 3QLZ?; 3F WZC [FDEU3 3< K^[L3Z LP XWj KZOB\M +UZW[F3 WaTZ 3F J\.J\. 3fOZ 3e W"M]1B

LXZ[FDEU3-OZ:JT JFZMZ 5MZ XGj 3fOZ 3QLZ?; 3F HZ[OTZ[O3 WDJM :bWa JBZ, :ZBa XW 1O TV_ 1989 Wa K\ (FWa :]&E XWj &W\ BOX %Me:F W[L[B LP [T_ 1O Qa4Z 3F [TUaV 3ZMO[0Z3ZO; ,L. :M8"DiF M"^ Be

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 19

OEQTa Wa XW Qa[3F 1990 LP :J 3QLZ?; OEQL"2\ Ca BK\ Wa (F3F 4ZW XWj TV_ 2009 LP 3QLZ?; 3Z Qe3JZKZ 8]FZT W"KZQFa TZQ\ W"5\BZ Ta[Q"53O K\ %Me:F W[L[B LP 9[T W]0ZZOFa TZQa [TKZ5 3< $[B9O1B LXZ[FDEU3 JFZ3O O4\ 5'7 XWj %Me:F W[L[B LP (F3Z $0M^ HD [TTZDQ LP XGj DO$WQ, TV_ 2003 LP OZI7L"?Q 4aQ LXZW"6 3e Ka:a DJBZTa:Q LP W]OEU 3QLZ?; 3e 0W\ 3Z TZ&W 8aMOLbF JBZMZ 5MZ CZj JZD LP :J ,F?;, WO3ZO 3< :5X M^H\, WO3ZO Fa Qa Q\, BJ MX JDQZT Xe 5MZj MX WZI FX" XG [3 MX ,3 OZ:F\[B3 IHWQZ CZ MZ Ff3OUZX; 3F JBO HO X; &W JDQZT 3e $":ZL DE [DMZ 5MZj DEU LP 0Q"[H3 4aQQ 3Z %Me:F 3OZFa 3e 3QLZ?; $HFZ WHFZ JBZBa OXE XW Qa[3F 4aQ +UZWF 3F FZL HO :e [I:^Q4:? (F3F 3ZM_3ZQ LP J';, TX (>XQ 4QFZM3 JFZ 8]3< XGj HZ=@ 3F K\BO 1O JZXO (>XQ [:F 8]Ff[BMQ Wa [FJ=FZ XG, TX K\ LbOZCF WO;4\ XWj


< %TOA 3CZ >

XZ[UMa HO 4aQ 1O [4QZ&;

9ZMZ# W":M OZTB

[T?7JFZ X; XG :3 [4QZ9&MQ 3F [Q, Xe OXE %Me:F LP TX; [H9Q\ 3BZO LP XW

DE

U LP 4aQQ 1O [4QZ[&MQ 3e +e;WZXF 3F FZL HO %Me[:B [3, :Z OXE OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ 3F BfO BO;3Q 3e Qa3O 4aQ :5B LP K\ FZOZ:5\ 3L FX" XGj M^" Be %Me:F JCQQ 3< BbMZO; 3F DZTa 3'` LX;Fa HXQa 3< 3O [D, 5, Qa[3F $5JB $"B B3 J=E[?MLQ 1O (F3F %WHZW 3ZL $E^OZ CZj 4aQQ 3< BbMZ[OMQ 3F 4ZBa LP $59E 4ZWa J:= 3F JZT:^D 7MZDZBO 4aQQ 3F BbMZO; 3XH %Me:F JCQQ HO FX" 8Q W3Fj KZOB\M [:LFZ[J=3 =;L 3F [TDEU\ 3e8 GQZD;L\O 8a=`3eT Fa BbMZ[OMQ 3< HeQ 4eQBa y, MXN B3 3X ?ZQZ [3 %Me:3 XO Le8_a HO $WIQ WZ[JB Xe OXE XWj &7[DOZ 5NE\ &7?eO J=E[?ML LP 7ZMQ %Me:F 3F DfOZF &7B:ZLQ 3F 4JBZ XZQ 3e DE4Ba

y, 8a=`3eT 3Z 5]JWZ IA=Z 1O (>XQFa H^OZ DeV 4aQ $[E3Z[OMQ 3e [DMZj 8a=`3eT 3Z 3XFZ XG [3 4aQ $[E3Z[OMQ 3F OTbMa 3F 8QBa $GMTJCZ IHQ OX; XGj &W3F JZT:^D %Me:F W[L[B 3F +T1BZ Q[QB KFe= MX DZTZ 3OBa OXE [3 WJ 3>9 >;3 XGj 4aQ +a[LMQ 3e MX W]F3O K\ E13Z Q5Z [3 w[FMZ 3F FZL\ EZT3 :Lb3Z 3F (WaF JeE= 1O 100 L\=O Df& 3F 5B 8V[HMF $WZIZ HZTaQ K\ [DEQ\ OZI7L"?Q 4aQe" LP KZ5 FX" QP5aj H^T_ [TFT [O3g?`EZO; EZT3 HZTaQ, ,CQ\= :aF\ [L?Z:, FBZUZ ?EFTW_, 0[Q"[H3 WZ&[1Q"5

8V[HMF ["W XeM, 2J7E[QMZ' =E[FW [4QZ&; Qa[=F XE[T= 1O WZL"BZ J=eW]O K\ [DEQ\ OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ LP UZ[LQ F XeFa 3< 6eVAZ 3O 8]3F XWj XLFa 6OEQ^ :L\F HO OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ 3Z IZMDZ K\ 4e ?ZQZ :J KZOB 3F FZL\ =E[FW [4QZ[&MQ LXEU K^H[B, [Q,7?O HaW 1O WeLDET Fa 2006 Wa J3ZMZ O3L 3Z K]5BZF F XeFa 3< [U3ZMB 3OBa y, OZI7L"?Q 4aQQ LP [UO3B F 3OFa 3< EL3< DE ?ZQ\j %Me:F JCQQ 3< BbMZ[OMQ 3Z %QL MX XG [3 $5JB 3F %[4O B3 K\ J3eO Je?` :bWa (H3OA WK\ :5X FX" Q5 HZ, XWj

MX W]F3O K\ E13Z Q5Z [3 FZL\ EZT3 :Lb3Z 3F (WaF JeE=, $WZIZ HZTaQ K\ FX" 4aQP5aj

9ZMZ# H\.=;.%'.

3< 9B Be (D6Z=F 3F 3>9 DEO JZD X; =H3Fa Q5\j &WWa HXQa ML]FZ JHe=`W 3gCHQa1W 3< 9B K\ =@= 5' C\j KZO; JOWZB 3F JZD [DEQ\ LP IHQa ?Q5^ Fa

Jb?[L"=F 8b[CHMF WZMFZ FaXTZQ

[LQFa U]| Xe 5, XWj KZO; (Le5 1O Qe3 (H"L L"2\ [TQZWOZT DEUL]4 1O 3R);M ):O L"2\ W]U\Q 3>LZO [U"DE K\ 3QLZ?; 3< BOX LXZOZI7 Wa X; WNWD XWj [F"ZDE 3F L"2ZQM 3< [J:Q\ (;HZD3 De WO3ZO; 38H[FMN ,F=;H\W\ 1O HZTO [$? 3gHe_OEUF $K\ B3 &F 4aQQ 3< +ZMe:3 C! Qa[3F Ma DeFQ 38H[FMN K\ +ZMe:F Wa $HFa XZC 4!8 OX; XWj LXZOZI7 3< OZ:F\[B WL;Fa TZQa MX :ZFBa XW [3 [F"ZDEDEUL]4 :e&; 3< 3QLZ?; Wa H]OZF\ 4]>FW XG 1O &W3< T:X XG 3QLZ?; 3Z $X73ZO; JTKZTj Qa[3F OEQ L"2\ LLBZ JF:? Fa Be Qe3WKZ LP 3QLZ?; 3< Lf:^D5\ LP X; 3X ?ZQZ, A:J B3 MX W][F[F8B FX" Xe :ZBZ [3 &F 4aQQ LP OEQTa 3F HbWQ 3Z WX; &JBaLZQ Xe OXZ XG, BJ B3 OEQTa +ZMe:F OZ[U [OQ\: X; FX" 3OE5\jB 4aQQ 3< BbMZ[OMQ LP HbWQ 3< J"DOJN= 3F %OeHQ Wa 6JOZ, 3QLZ?; $J J8ZT 3< L])Z

20 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

LaXLZF [4QZ[&MQ 3F JTZJ<M 3< [8"BZ,7 J'Z D; XWj JTZJ<M L"2\ 5]QZJ FJ\ %:ZD B3 Fa JMZF DE ?ZQZ [3 9DEQ\ LP ?Q5^ IHQZFa LP J&; T:X [FLOAZE\F %Me:F JCQ XW :XN 3ZL $E^OZ H&Z XGj [DEQ\ &W T:X Wa :5X:5X 4]D; H&; XGj &F 5qQ LP HZF\ &3iZ XG :XN L59O HFH OXE XWj 3>Q [LQZ3O [JC[BMN :3W\ K\ |H LP >;3 FX" XGj XO 9DF %B\ F3ZOZ;L3 4JOQ Wa [4QZ9&MQ 3Z LFeJQ (BFZ )78Z FX" XG, [:BFZ 6OEQ^ +[BMe[5BZ LP XeFZ 8Z9X,j WLM HO J=E9?ML BbMZO FX" XeFa 3< T:X Wa [4QZ&; $BMZW LP 9XJWZ FX" Qa HZ OXE XWj :e :3W\ K\ [4QZ&; 3F [Q, :|O; XGj HXQa +JBZ[TB CZ :3 J=E9?ML LX;FZ KO HXQa X; [4QZ9&MQ 3e WRH 9D, :Z,75aj Lf:^DZ [JC[B LP Be -WZ XeFZ $W"KT Q5 OXZ XGj MX 4aQ XLZOE [4QZ9&MQ 3F [Q, %5a 3< +[BMe[5BZ0" 3< JaXBO BbMZO; 3F [Q, XeFZ 8Z9X, CZj Qa:3F w4D XG :3 OZI7L"?Q 4aQ 3F &BFa J&E %Me:F 3Z L3WD WIQ Xe HZ,5Z MZ FX" &W3F +[B W"DEX JZ3< XGj

9ZMZ# H\.=;.%'.

9ZMZ# W":M OZTB

0[Q"[H3 LP 3NJM HD3 [T:aBZ Jg1WO [T:P) 3>LZO

5fOBQJ XG [3 &F 4aQQ LP w[FMZ 3F 70 DEUQ 3F 3O;J Ff X:ZO [4QZ[&MQ$[E3Z[OMQ 3Z :LZT&Z XeFZ XGj +EZFL"2\ 3ZMOQM 3F W^2Q 3F L]BZ[J3 :J +EZFL"2\ 3e MX HBZ Q5Z [3 4aQQ 3F _I=Z8ZO Wa :]&; 4JOQ KZOB 3F $QZTZ (F DEUQ LP K\ W][4_MN JF OX; XW", Be TX z8[BB Xe 5,j 3N$aW W^2Q 3F L]BZ[J3 HZ=@ 3< W"WD;M DQ 3< Jb>3 LP WO3ZO 3F ,3 +L]4 L"2\ Fa MX :ZF3ZO; DE3O WJ3e 8fV3Z [DMZ [3 &F 4aQQ 3< BbMZ[OMQ LP _I=Z8ZO 3e Qa3O &BF\ $[E3 [U3ZMBP y' XW [3 3R);M :N8 AM^Oe MZF\ W\J\%' 3F HZW &W3Z H][Q"DZ &3iZ Xe 5MZ XGj WO3ZO; W^2 MX; JBZBa XW [3 WO3ZO Fa W\J\%' 3F [FDEU3 Wa 3XZ XG [3 TX 4aQ W"H>F Xe :ZFa B3 [IQXZQ &F [U3ZMBQ HO 3ZO`TZ' F 3OEj 4aQ Be $K\ U]| K\ FX;" y, XW Qa[3F 3QLZ?; 3< %Me:F W[L[B 3e ;=3F

&W[Q, :e 7ZMQ &TP= y, K\, BbMZO; 3F [QXZ: Wa (F3Z 3e' IZMDZ FX" [LQZj :TZXOQZQ FaXz J=E[?ML 3F ,3 [XJWa L"a JFa Ta=[Q[@=75 J=E[?ML

OZI7L"?Q 4aQ [WO HO XW, Qa:3F &79DOZ 5NE\ &7?eO J=E9?ML 3Z 3ZL $J K\ $E^OZ XG

$BMZW 3OBa Jg1WO W]O7:M [W"X

%OeHQ 3< IFX9OJB %Me:F 3F [Q, (H3OAQ 1O WaTZ0" 3F [Q, BM 3O;J 670 3Oe& zHMa 3Z H^OZ J:= X; U3 3F 6aOE LP % 8]3Z XGj ■ 7MZDZBZO WZLZF 6-8 5]FZ 7MZDZ 3<LB HO L"5ZMZ :Z OXZ XGj ■ [=U^ HaHO 1O 3A&EDZF :bWa WZLZF K\ DW 5]FZ 7MZDZ DZLQ HO 4O;DFa 3< 4JOQ XWj ■ %Me:F JCQQ 3< W:ZT= 3F [Q, 3Oe&Q zHMa [WIa 5LQa 4O;DFa HO 48_ y,j ■

LP % 5, Q5Ba XWj TX 4]D 3e JaDZ5 WZ[JB 3OFa 3< WIZ' DEFa 3F [Q, &BFa JaBZJ Xe (>E XW [3 (>XQFa KZOB\M :FBZ HZ=@ WLaB WK\ +L]4 [TH^\ DQQ 3F FaBZ0" 3e ,3 Fe= JFZ3O Ka:Z XG [:W3< +[B %(=Q]3 3F K\ HZW XGj QZQ3DIA %?TZA\, W]VLZ JTOZ: 1O $zA :a=Q\ 3e K\ MX Fe= Ka:Z 5MZ XGj &WLP WIZ' D; 5' XG [3 4aQQ 3< BbMZ[OMQ LP %Me:F W[L[B 3< BOI Wa [3W\ K\ JBO HO 3e' _I=Z8ZO FX" y% XGj &WLP 3QLZ?; Fa MX K\ DeXOZMZ XG, ALV :N8 3F [Q, BbMZO $j 8ZXE TX W\,:\ 3< Xe MZ [IO >MZ[M3 :N8 XejB %[4O LP &F 4aQQ 3e WIQBZH^T_3 W"H>F 3OZFa 3F [Q, FaBZ0" Wa WXMe5 LN5Z 5MZ XGj OZbfL"?Q 4aQQ HO 4BOZ 3R) 3< [OHe=` JBZB\ XG [3 41 +L]4 H[OMe:FZ0" LP Wa [WIa De 3Z 3ZL X; H^OZ y% XG, 7MZDZBO [FLOA 3ZM_ $5JB 3F %[4O B3

:ZO; Caj 4BOZ 3R) 3F wF^ OgM 3Z 3XFZ XG [3 3O;J 46,000 3Oe& zHMa FgF JHe=K_W +e:a1= 1O 3O;J 55,000 X:ZO 3Oe?j zHMa W\Ea 4aQ Wa :]&E 3ZLQ HO 48_ Xe OXE XWj UXO; LZLQQ 3F [TUaVe [LQ^F 3e>ZO; 3XBa XW [3 &F 4aQQ 3< J&; WZLZ[:3 3<LB K\ 8]3ZF\ H&5\j 4aQQ Wa :]&; H9OMe:FZ0" LP >M^FBL L:vO; F 9D, :ZFa 1O 9DEQ\ [TFT[TLZQM 3F 9Z2Q 3e XgJ=Q 3F JZXO [F3ZQFa :bWa 3' :F[TOeE\ LZLQa K\ WZLFa %, XWj H^OZ %Me:F 5bO Qe3BN[23 BO;3F Wa W"5ZZ[QB Xe OXZ XGj $5JB LP :eODZO JZ[OU Fa [DEQ\, %Me:F W[L[B 3< $^LBZ, [FLOA 3ZMU LP DEO; 1O _bZ8ZO 3F %OeHQ Fa 9DEQ\ OZbfL"?Q 4aQQ 3e -Wa K"TO LP I8WZ 9DMZ XG :e [TFT L"8 HO DEU 3< FZ3 ;]JZ 3F 35ZO HO XGj ●

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 21


< [WMZWB > 9ZMZ# H\.=;.%'.

M]TZ 3N$aW LP 8QZ OZyQ 5NE\ IgL^_QZ 3' OZ7MQ LP L:? 3Z W"5>F BbMZO 3OFa LP 3ZLMZJ

B

zA H=EQ 25 WZQ 3F XG" 1O LX;FZ KO HXQa X; (_O +DEU LP L0M ^a2 M]T3 3N$aW 3F $0M^ JFa XWj 5AaU 3>LZO L]"J' LP OXBa XW 1O ,LJ\, 3< H'Z' H^O; 3OFa 3F JZD $K\ De LX;Fa HXQa X; OZ:F\[B LP %, XWj 5AaU L]"J' +DEU 3N$aW 3La=; 3F LXZW[8T 8]Fa 5, XWj BzA 1O 5AaU OZ:F\[B 3F WZC 3N$aW LXZW[8T OZyQ 5NE\ 3F +Me5Q 3Z FB\:Z XWj &W WZQ [WB"JO LP 3N$aW $0M^ WLaB JZ3< HDZ[E3Z9OMQ 3Z 8]FZT XeFZ XGj &WWa HXQa M]T3 3N$aW W"5>F LP GMZH3 JDQZT 3O OZyQ 5NE\ $59Z (DZXOA DEFa 3< 3e[UU LP XWj M]TZ W"5>FQ LP OZyQ 5NE\ 3< HXQ Wa U]| y, +Me5 U]z%B\ ;=3Q 3F JZD $J O75 [D4ZFa Q5a XWj 3N$aW 3< 9Z2 &3Z' KZOB\M OZI7;M 9Z2 W"6-,F,WM^%' 1O M]T3 3N$aW LP TZ?` JBO Wa Qa3O +DEU B3 %"B[O3 8]FZT 3F :[O, HDZ[E3Z[OMQ 3F 8MF LP $5Qa 3>9 TVU LP 3N$aW 3F KZT\ 8aXOQ LP GMZH3 JDQZT 3F W"3FB [LQ OXE XWj :XN ,3 0O MX U]z%B OZ:F\[B LP F,

[4QZ[&MQ 3F XfWQa J'Z OX; XG, TX" JOWQ Wa 3N$aW 3< OZ:F\[B3 W"J3D[B LP 4]D 3e @ZQFa 1O T[OI> FaBZ0" 3F 3XH LP :5X JFZFa LP LaXFB 3OFa TZQa H]OZFa FaBZ0"-3ZM_3BO0" LP Jf4QZX= J'B\ :Z OX; XGj Q4F) LP $F]UZWFX;FBZ 3F [Q, W"5>FZ;L3 8]FZTQ Wa JZXO [3, 5, M]T3 3Z"$aW FaBZ %[WI [O:T\ Fa 3Z"$aW LXZW[8T [D[3T:M [W"X 1O 3F"Di\M LZFT W"WZEF [T3ZW L"2\ 3[HQ [WAJQ 3< Lf:^D5\ LP %;LDZX 3Z +MZW [3MZj %[WI 3e &W LZX 3< U]|%B LP Q4F) 3< [FTO8F $[E3ZO; La6FZ H=EQ Wa wGM_TXZO 3OFa 3F %OeH LP M]T3 3Z"$aW 3Z 8]FZT Q&Fa 3F $Me3M 3O [DMZ 5MZ CZj &WWa HXQa (_O +DEU 3F XODe' [:Qa LP M]T3 3Z"$aW 3F W"5>FZ;L3 8]FZT 3OZFa %, HZ=@ 3F [FTO8F $[E3ZO; [FUNB H=EQ QZHBZ Xe 5, 1O 3' [DFQ JZD 6ZMQ $TJCZ LP Q4F) 3F J]JEFTO 8fOZXE 3F HZW [LQ 5,j [L[33 Qe3WKZ [FTO8F ^a2 3F [Q, [FTO8F $[E3ZO; [FUZ"B 5]:OZB 3F T[Od 3Z"$aW FaBZ BCZ H^T_ L"2\ XWL]4 22 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

M]TZ WXMe[5MQ 3F J\8 OZyQ 5NE\

H=EQ 3F H]2 XWj [JXZO LP BZ\ W"5>F 3F 8]FZT LP M]T3 3Z"$aW 3ZM_3BO0" 3F J\8 LZOH\= 1O X75ZLZ y%j DOK"5Z [:Qa LP :J M]TZ 3Z"$aW 3ZM_3BO %HW LP [K& 5, Be H^OE X75ZLa 3e DE43O $WL Wa [JXZO %, M]T3 3N$aW 8]FZT 3F [Q, JFZ, 5, Qe3WKZ ^a2TZO [O=[F"_5 $IWO $:]_F EO JaXeU Xe3O [5O H&Ej (EO, OZyQ 5NE\ 3F 3XH L"a F, M]TZ 3ZM_3BO0" 3F DJDJa Fa [D35:Q 3e We8Fa HO L:J^O 3O [DMZ XGj M]T3 3N$aW 8]FZT LP 3' +DEUQ LP T[OI> FaBZ %HFa (CL\DTZO 3e OZyQ 5NE\ 3< =;L B3 H#8ZFa LP JaXD W["M [D4aj 3Z"$aW LXZW[8T [D[3T:M [W"X 3F H]2 :MTE_F [W"X Fa $HFa Ja=E 3e M]T3 3Z"$aW 3< WDJMBZ [DQTZ3O WDJMBZ $[KMZF U]| 3OTZ [DMZ XGj M]T3 3N$aW 1O ,F,WM^%' LP HDZ[E3Z[OMQ 3F 8]FZT 3F [Q, OZyQ 5NE\ :e IZL^_QZ QZ5^ 3OZ OXE XW (W3< J][FMZD JCZF\M JBO HO WDJM JFZFa HO [=3< XGj %"B[O3 8]FZT 3F [Q, JZ3ZMDZ 8]FZT %Me5 1O HM_Ta^3 K\ JFZ, 5, XWj M]T3 3N$aW 3F L]2M 8]FZT $[E3ZO; +3ZU :eU\ JBZBa XW [3 -Wa %"B[O3 8]FZT 3F :[O, W"5>F GMZH3 JDQZT Wa 5]:OE5Zj TZ?` 1O H"8ZMB JBO HO JFa WDJM [TEZFWKZ 1O Qe3WKZ 3< 3ZM_3Z[OA\ 8]FP5aj &W +3ZO %5a +DEU 3ZM_3Z[OA\ 3Z 8]FZT XeBZ XGj OZyQ 5NE\ Wa W"JJ $[4Q KZOB\M 3N$aW 3La=; 3F W[8T [:BP) [W"X JBZBa XW [3 &W F, +Me5 3< 4ZW JZB MX OX; [3 HDZ[E3Z[OMQ 3F 8]FZT LP 3N$aW HZ=@ 3F [3W\ FaBZ 3Z 3e' XJB^aH FX" OXZj M]T3 3N$aW WDJMQ Fa 4]D $HFa +[B[F[E 8]Faj 8]FZT +["MZ JaXD Qe3BN[23 1O HZODU? XGj HZ=@ 3F K\BO X; 8]FZT %Me5 1O HM_Ta^3 :bWa &7B:ZL [3, 5,j XZQ X; LP [FTO[8B L]"J' +DEU 3N$aW 3La=; 3F $0M^ WDI $Q\ $JeQ\ JBZBa XW [3 10 OZ7MQ LP M]T3 3N$aW 3Z WDJMBZ $[KMZF 1O 8]FZT Xe 8]3F XW :J[3 6 OZ7MQ LP &W\ WZQ XeFa :Z OXE XWj &W 3TZMD 3F FB\:a KZOB\M OZ:F\[B HO $WO ?ZQFa TZQa XQ5aj &W F' GMTJCZ Wa OZ7MQ LP 3N$aW Wa :]&E H]OZFa 9Z2 FaBZ0" 3< L][F3QP 4ZW\ J' 5' XGj 7MZDZBO OZ7MQ LP ,F,WM^%' 1O M]T3 3N$aW 3F H]OZFa FaBZ $HF\ OZ:F\[B +DEU 3N$aW 3La=; $0M^ MZ 3N$aW [TEZM3 DQ 3F FaBZ 3F KOeWa 8QZBa Caj (_OZ4"? LP 3N$aW Wa :]&E ,3 H]OZFa 9Z2 FaBZ &W +["MZ HO $HF\ XBZUZ [9HZ FX" HZBa 1O 3XBa XW [3 &BFa WZQ HZ=@ 3< WaTZ 3<, HW\FZ JXZMZ, %"DeQF [3, 1O $J 3Q WDJMBZ QaFa TZQa Q&3Q 3e XLZOE JOZJO QZ3O 4&Z 3O [DMZ 5MZ XGj ● $:\B [W"X


< WXL[B >

HOLZA] [TH[_ HO WXLB [TH^ K\ Q"

F]3WZF DZ[M;T [TEaM3 HZW 3OZFa LP KZOB\M :FBZ HZ=@ 3Z K\ WLC_F

Ja WLM Wa OZ:F\[B3 X75ZLa 3Z [TVM :e [TTZ[DB AHOLZA] F]3WZF 3F [Q, [W[TQ DZ[M;T [TEaM3B OXZ (W HO Qe3WKZ La" W_Z H^ 1O +L]4 [TH^\ DQ KZOB\M :FBZ HZ=@ (KZ:HZ) 3F J\8 $K^BH^T_ WXL[B [D4Z' D;j &W $DKK]B 5>:e& 3F WZC &W [TEaM3 3Z 3ZF^F JFFZ $J BM XGj TZL DQe" 3e W"WD;M 5[AB La" ,3 JZO [IO XZO 3Z WZLFZ 3OFZ H&Z 1O (F3F +L]4 W"UeEFe" 3e 3e' :5X FX;" [LQ\j XZQN[3 TZL DQe" 3F W2B ,BOZ: 1O KZ:HZ 3F U]z%B\ X75ZLa 3F 8QBa X; 3R) WO3ZO 3e [TEaM3 3F LWfDZ +ZTEZFe" La" 3' J&E H[OTB_F 3OFa H&Ej &W

20 WZQ JZD :J Ma W"M"2 JF3O BbMZO Xe" 1O Ma 3ZF^F (F HO +KZT\ XQ, BJ &W OZ[U 3Z DJZT &F 38H[FMe" HO H&Ej vWO; J&; LN5 :e WO3ZO Fa LZF\ TX MX C\ [3 X:OFa 3Z DZTZ HaU 3OFa 3< $T[E 3e 10 WZQ 3< :5X J'Z3O 20 WZQ 3O [DMZj &W [TEaM3 HO U]| Wa &W JZB 3e Qa3O [8"BZ :BZ' :Z OX; C\ [3 &WLa" [F:\ 38H[FMe" 3F [Q, K\ HOe^ |H Wa +ZTEZF [3, :Z OXE XG"j &WWa WO3ZO Fa &F3ZO Be [3MZ Qa[3F TZL DQe" Fa %OeH Q5ZMZ [3 :e [TEaM3 Qe3WKZ La" HZ[OB y% XG TX &W W"KZTFZ 3e 4;L FX;" 3OBZ XG 1Me"[3 &WLa" ,3 +ZTEZF XG [3 :F[XB La" WO3ZO

@75 Wa [:CLaDZO; BM 3OFa 3F [Q, (W\ L"UZ 3Z WXZOZ [QMZ 5MZ XGj 3>Q [LQZ3O Ce&Z OKeJDQ 3O3F 3N$aW Fa J&; We8-WL;\ OAF\[B Wa &W [TEaM3 3e HZ[OB 3OTZFa 3Z LZ5_ +UJB [3MZj DO$WQ, $La[O3< OZI7H[B JOZ3 0JZLZ 3< FT"JO La" XeFa TZQ\ KZOB MZ2Z 3F DfOZF (>XE" BeXIF La" HOLZA] :TZJDEX; [JQ HaU 3OFa 3F [Q, KZOB WO3ZO [3W 3DO %3>Q XG, MX &W [TTZ[DB [TEaM3 3e W"WD Wa HZ[OB 3OTZFa 3F [Q, (W3F :e&-Be&, DJZT-H]83ZO 3< OAF\[B Wa WL;Z :Z W3BZ XGj &W 3ZF^F 3F JFFa 3F JZD X; KZOB-$La[O3Z HOLZA] 3OZO 3e QZ5^ [3MZ :Z W3BZ XGj &W3F [JFZ MX 3OZO W["M 9ZMZ# H\.=;.%'.

+EZFL"2\ 3F WZC WT_DQ\M Jb>3 LP L"2\5A [TEaM3 3e HZ[OB 3OTZFa 3F [Q, 3N$aW Fa OAF\[B JFZ' C\ WDKKZTFZ 3<, WJ3F WXMe5 3< 1O &Wa (WFa BLZL XC38?Q 3F :9OMa XZ[WQ 3O X; [QMZj WDF 3F K\BO 1O JZXO MX WTZQ 4^J 5^":Z [3 KZ:HZ 3F [TOeE 3e FCFa 3F [Q, 3R) WO3ZO Fa W\J\%' 3Z &JBaLZQ [3MZj 5]:OZB 3F L]2ML"2\ FOQ) LeD; 3e $[LB UZX TZQa LZLQa La" W\J\%' Wa OZXB DEFa HO KZ:HZ 1O 3N$aW 3F J\8 3[CB 3OZO 3e Qa3O X75ZLZ K\ [3MZ 5MZj 3&E [TOeE 3F 8QBa WO3ZO Fa HOLZA] w6_=FZ XeFa HO L]%T:a 3< $[E3BL OZ[U 3e 500 3Oe& zHMa Wa J'Z3O 1500 3Oe& zHMa 3O [DMZj TZL DQe" 3< LN5 C\ [3 &Wa J'Z3O 10,000 3Oe& zHMa [3MZ :ZFZ 8Z[X, BZ[3

([8B IHWQZ 3O W3B\ XGj LZ3HZ 3F WNWD JZW]DET %8ZM_ Fa 3XZ [3 WO3ZO 3< 3e[UU XG [3 &W 3ZF^F 3F JFFa 3F JZD TX %A[T3 ):O 3ZF^F La" W"UeEF 3O [F:\ 38H[FMe" 3F [Q, OZJBZ 4eQ DE5\j &W3F $QZTZ W"WD 3< JCZM\ W[L[B 3< :e [WIZ[OUa" &W [TEaM3 HO %' C\" (FLa" H[OTB_F 3OBa y, 3R);M L"[2L"?Q Fa [TDEU\ W?QZMOe" 3e J8ZFa 3F [Q, ,3 FMZ +ZTEZF ?ZQZ CZ, [:WLa" (F HO BK\ 3e' LZLQZ JFBZ :J MX WZ[JB Xe HZBZ [3 (F3< L"UZ HOLZA] w6_=FZ 3OFa 3< C\ (MZF\ XZDWZ &OZDBF CZ)j &W +ZTEZF 3Z 4^J [TOeE XeFa HO WO3ZO Fa Qe3WKZ La" :e [TEaM3 HaU [3MZ (WLa" &W +ZTEZF La" Ce&Z IFOJDQ 3O [DMZj MX +ZTEZF U]| La" [TEaM3 3F 17-J\ $F]59ED La" CZj &Wa X=Z3O ,3 FMZ +ZTEZF [3MZ 5MZ, 17-W\, [:WLa" %H^wB3BO HO GM[1B5B ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 23

Xe X; FX;" W3BZj KZOB 1O :ZHZF 3F J\8 K\ HOLZA] 3OZO XeFZ XG 1O &W3< 6eVAZ +EZFL"2\ LFLeXF [W"X 3< :ED XeFa TZQ\ :ZHZF MZ2Z 3F DfOZF XeFa 3< W"KZTFZ XG, MZF\ &W3F [Q, K\ MX 3ZF^F JFFZ :|O; XGj LZLQZ [WIa $La[O3Z 1O :ZHZF 3Z X; FX;" XG, KZOB La" HOLZA] W"M"2e" 3e Ja8Fa 3F [Q, BbMZO Jb>; JZ3< 38H[FMe" 3Z K\ XGj ,NW 3< HOLZA] 38HF\ ,OETZ 3Z :e W"M"2 LXZOZI7 3F :bBZH]O La" Q5 OXZ XG 1O H[F8L J"5ZQ 3F X[O H]O La" Q5 OXE |W\ HOLZA] W"M2 3F [Q, K\ &W 3ZF^F 3F JFFa 3Z &7B:ZO Xe OXZ XGj KZOB La" HOLZA] W"M"2 Q5ZFa TZQ\ WZO; [TDEU\ 38H[FMN HOLZA] w6_=FZ HO $HF\ :TZJDEX; 3e W][F[F8B 3OFZ 8ZXB\ XG"j &W3F [Q, WJWa $[E3 DJZT $La[O3< 38H[FMNE :FOQ Le=W_ 1O Ta[J=75XZ(W 3Z XGj ● 5]QLeXO


< 4ZL W]O^Z >

%"3&Q LP 5]LOZX

K^4

9ZMZ# +K:eB [W"X [5Q

WO3ZO; 5eDZLQ LP W& OXE $FZ: HO 3D[V L"2\ UOD HTZO 3< W"WD LP 5QB JMZF\

$:\B [W"X

B

<M XG [3 DEU 3F WO3ZO; 5eDZLQ LP :|OB Wa De5]FZ $FZ: H&Z XGj &BFZ $FZ: 3< >;3 Wa O4Fa 3< :5X K\ FX" XG 1O &EO-(EO [J4OZ 4& OXZ XGj &WLP K\ 3e' DeOZM FX" [3 DEU 3< 3O;J-3O;J %E\ %JZD; JaXD 5O;J K\ XG 1O K^4\ K\j :e &BFa 5O;J FX" K\ XW Ta K\ LX75Z' 3< LZO ;aQ OXE XWj &W WJ 3F JZT:^D DEU 3F 3D[V L"2\ W~Z' 3J^Q 3OFa 3F J:ZM _ZL3 %"3&Q 3F :[O, X3<3B Wa L]"X Le& OXE XWj 5eDZLQ LP $FZ: W&Fa DEFa 3F J:ZM 5O;JQ LP L]@B MZ 3L DZLQ LP JN=Fa 3< W]+\L 3e=` 3< WQZX B3 3e LZFFa 3e OZ:\ FX" XWj Ke:F 3F $[E3ZO LZLQa HO H\HEW M^[FMF IgO

[W[TQ [QJ=@: (H\M^W\,Q) 3< 0O Wa DZMO :F[XB MZ[83Z HO W]FTZ' 3OFa y, W]+\L 3e=` 3F >MZML^[B_ DQT\O K"?ZO; 1O >MZML^[B_ D;H3 ULO Fa [=?HA\ 3< C\ [3 5eDZLQ LP $FZ: W&Fa 3< WLJMZ Wa [FAZ=Fa 3F [Q, $EH $T[E (HZM 3F BfO HO &Wa L]@B $CTZ JyB 3L DZL HO :|OBL"D %JZD; LP JN=Fa HO [T8ZO 3O W3B\ XGj W]+\L 3e=` 3< &W Fa3 WQZX 3e [WOE Wa 4Z[O: 3OBa y, 3D[V L"2\ UOD HTZO Fa 3XZ [DMZ CZ L]@B LP $FZ: JZ"=FZ W"KT FX" XGj WX3ZO; W[L[BMQ 3< LDD Qa3O $FZ: WJBa LP [DMZ :Z W3BZ XGj HTZO 3Z 3XFZ XG [3 5O;JQ LP L]@B $FZ: JN=Fa 3Z W]+\L 3e=` Fa %DEU FX" J[E3 WQZX ,IW\%' 3F 5eDZL LP 4]Qa LP K!5BZ $FZ:

Ke:F 3F X3 3< H]3ZO Tb Wa Be &Wa J=;Q [W=; 3XZ :ZBZ XG, Qa[3F B\F [DFQ B3 MXZ" 3F %3ZU LP [8L[FMQ Wa (> OXE E],7 3F WZC 3>9 1O K\ W]Q5 OXZ CZj UXO LP LU\FQ 3< %TZ: 3F WZC K^4Q 3F HbOe3ZOQ 3< %TZ:P K\ 5^": OX; C\"j MXZ" K^4 3F X3 3< JZBP C!j DEU KO 3F XO +NB 1O 3eFa Wa %, Qe5 +JBZ[TB OZI7;M 4ZL W]O^Z 3ZF^F 3< JZBQ 3F [Q, :]=E Caj DEU 3F [FE_FBL OZ7MQ LP U]LZO (&;WZ 3F UXO OZ(O3FQZ 3Z OEQTa J=EUF ^a2 &W 3ZM_"L 3< BbMZO; [H9Qa 3' [DFQ Wa 3O OXZ CZj Oe:\-Oe=; $[KMZF 3Z 8fCZ OZI7;M $[ETaUF &F LZMFQ LP JaXD LX;TH^A_ 3XZ :Z W3BZ XG [3 4ZL W"3= Wa :^; OXE DEU LP OZI7;M 4ZL W]O^Z 3ZF^F 3< 88O :eOQ HO XGj WO3ZO 3< 0O Wa &W 3ZF^F 3Z ,3 Le=Z JT|H BbMZO 3O [QMZ 5MZ XG, Qa[3F :ZF3ZOQ 3Z LZFFZ XG [3 &WLP ,3 H]2BZ GMTJCZ [3, [JFZ QZ5^ 3OFZ 5O;JQ 3F WZC Ja'LZF\ Xe5\j [JC[B MX XG [3 ,3 BOI Qe5 K^4a WeFa HO

L:J^O XW 1O vWO; BOI QZ4Q L\[73 =F $FZ: 4]Qa LP H&Z XGj KZOB LP [WIa 415 QZ4 =F $FZ: W]O[^B O4a :ZFa 3< ^LBZ XG, :J[3 190 QZ4 =F $FZ: 3FTQ H[>FMQ 3F F\8a $W]O[^B H[O[JC[BMQ LP H&Z XGj &W $FZ: 3F ;T[OB [TBOA Wa ,3 J&E [XJWa 3e OZXB Hy78Z' :Z W3B\ XGj W]+\L 3e=` 3F 35 [3Qe $FZ: [TB[OB 3OFa 3F [FDNU 3Z K\ HZQF FX" [3MZ :Z OXZ XGj DEU 3F [FE_FBL [:QQ LP K\ $[E3BL 20 Wa 25 [3Qe $FZ: X; JZ"=Z :Z OXZ XGj WCLaQF 3F +CL 3R);M W2 LP T[OI> H23ZO H\ WZ'FZC Fa 3XZ [3 WO3ZO L]i\ KO H^":\H[BMQ 3F [Q, [OMZMBQ 3F 4:ZFa 4eQ OX; XG 1O 3Oe&Q Qe5Q 3F [Q, $FZ: FX" XGj %[C_3 WTM 3F L]BZ[J3 [H9Qa H8ZW WZQQ LP +[B GM[1B $FZ: 3< (HQAEBZ 440 $ZL Wa 436 $ZL HO % 5' XGj DZQ 3< (HQAEBZ K\ +[B GM[1B +[B [DF C\ TX 6=3O %E\ OX 5' XGj %Me:F W[L[B 3F WDJM 1O T[OI> WZLZ[:3

24 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

Ke:F 3F $[E3ZO 3F [Q, +DU_F 3OBa Qe5

3ZM_3BO +I>EQ WZL"BOE Fa 3XZ [3 (&;WZ 3F XZQZB $J K\ JDQa FX" XW 1O Qe5Q 3F XZC Wa W"WZEF 9;Fa :Z OXE XWj (>XQEFa WTZQ (>ZMZ [3 M[D W"WZEF 9;Fa :Z,75a Be 4ZL W]O^Z 3XZ" Wa %,5\j WZLZ[:3 3ZM_3BO 1O H23ZO W[8F 3>LZO :bF

Fa 3XZ [3 %:ZD; 3F JZD Wa $J B3 6 3Oe& J58Q 3e K\ [T[KB 3ZOAQ Wa [TJCZ[HB XeFZ H&Z XG Qa[3F (F3< BOI 3K\ 5"K\OBZ Wa 0MZF X; FX" [DMZ 5MZj (>XQFa 3XZ [3 J58Q 3< 4ZL W]O^Z 3< 5ZO7=; 3F [JFZ DEU 3F [T3ZW 3< JZB FX" 3< :Z W3B\ XGj

OZI7;M WQZX3ZO H[OVD 3F WDJM 1O $C_UZJ2\ 7MZ" Dia: Fa WCLaQF LP 3XZ [3 H[OVD $[KMZF 3< LZ"5Q 3Z WLC_F 3OBa y, (>XQ %5a J'ZFa 3Z 3ZL 3O OX; XGj Qa[3F WCLaQF LP %, +[B[F[EMQ 3Z 3XFZ CZ [3 MX [IO ,3 +3ZO 3Z Ee4Z Xe5Z 1O $[KMZF 3< LZ"5Q 3e H^OE-H^OE |H LP DEU 3F WK\ ^a2Q LP QZ5^ [3MZ :ZFZ 8Z[X,j (EQa4F\M XG [3 +JBZ[TB OZI7;M 4ZL W]O^Z 3ZF^F HO OZI7;M WQZX3ZO H[OVD [T8ZO 3O OX; XGj &W H[OVD LP XV_ L"DO, $zAZ OZM 1O 7MZ" Dia: UZ[LQ XWj WCLaQF 3F $"[BL [DF OZ(O3FQZ UXO 3F 5eDZL HO Ke:F 3F $[E3ZO $[KMZF 3F +[B[F[EMQ Fa :L3O +DU_F [3MZj W]+\L 3e=` 3F $FZ: 3Z ,3 K\ DZFZ FX" W&Fa DEFa 1O (Wa 5O;JQ LP JZ"= DEFa 3F [FDNU 3F JO$1W MX +DU_F 1O K\ +ZW"[53 Xe 8QZ CZj $[KMZF 3< 3[TBZ 3\TZJBT Fa 3XZ [3 OZ(O3FQZ Wa +DU_F 3< MX ,3 U]z%B KO XG -Wa +DU_F (F WZO; :5XQ HO XeFa 8Z[X, :XZ" [3 4]Qa LP $FZ: W& OXZ XGj OZ3FU LZQT\M

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 25

D; XG 1O WO3ZO HXQa X; LX75Z $FZ: 4O;D3O Qe5Q LP WJB\ DOQ HO JN=Fa 3Z 3ZL 3O X; XGj &WWa HXQa WO3ZO; 5eDZLQ LP W& OXE $FZ: 3F L]KE HO 4JOQ 3e F3ZOBa y, UOD HTZO Fa 3XZ CZ [3 L\[?MZ %"3&Q 3e JZ'-8'Z3O HaU 3O OXZ XGj JZD LP W"WD LP UOD HTZO Fa 3XZ [3 [WIa 11,000 L\[73 =F $FZ: X; W&Z XGj Qa[3F KZOB\M 4ZL [F5L (,IW\%') 1O H":ZJ ,$e 3< W"M]1B [OHe=` UOD HTZO 3F %"3&Q 3< X; HeQ 4eQ OX; XGj &W [OHe=` 3F L]BZ[J3, [WIa H":ZJ LP X; B\F :5XQ HO 49,000 L\[73 =F $FZ: -WZ XG [:Wa 5eDZLQ Wa (>ZMZ FX" :Z OXZj UOD HTZO 3F %"3&Q 3e ;]>QZBZ MX %"3&Z [WIa H":ZJ OZ7M 3Z XG, JZ3< OZ7MQ 3e [LQZ QP Be MX UOD HTZO 3F DZTQ 3< 1O 7MZDZ HeQ 4eQ DE5Zj 5fOBQJ XG [3 WO3ZO 4OZJ $FZ: 3e W&Z y% 3OZO DEFa 3F J:ZM $[TBOA\M 3< 3aA\ 3F BXB O4B\ XGj Qa[3F HTZO &W $[TBOA\M $FZ: 3F %"3&E W"WD 3F WZLFa FX" QZBa :e $WQ LP W&Z $FZ: X; XGj ,IW\%' 3< 0O Wa :ZO; $[E3DB %"3&Q 3F L]BZ[J3, $3FQa H":ZJ OZ7M LP 3O;J 1.36 QZ4 =F 5Px [H9Qa De WZQ Wa 4]Qa LP [WIa HgQ\C\F Wa @3Z O4Z XG, [:W HO De LZFW^F 5]:O 8]3F XWj :J[3 B\F LZFW^F Wa Q5ZBZO K\5Fa 3F 3ZOA &WLP Wa 3O;J


< 4ZL W]O^Z > 9ZMZ# [FOZQZ [2HZ>;

H8ZW X:ZO =F 5ax7 4OZJ Xe 8]3Z XGj :e [3 &7WZFQ 3F 4ZFa QZM3 FX" J8Z XGj :J[3 ,IW\%' 3F [FMLQ 3F $F]WZO @73F y, 5ax7 3e ,3 WZQ Wa $[E3 FX" O4Z :Z W3BZ XGj 4]Qa LP &W +3ZO O4a $FZ: 3F W&Fa MZ WO3ZO; KZVZ LP 3XQ Be $[TBOA\M OXFa 3Z 4BOZ J'BZ :Z OXZ XGj TV_ 1997 Wa 2007 3F J\8 1.83 QZ4 =F 5ax7, 6.33 =F 8ZTQ, 2.20 QZ4 =F EZF 1O 111 QZ4 =F L13Z ,IW\%' 3F [T[KB 5eDZLQ LP W& 8]3Z XGj W]+\L 3e=` LP :LZ [3, XQIFZLa LP KZOB WO3ZO Fa JT\3ZO [3MZ XG [3 DEU LP @73F K"?ZOA JCZF 3< $HMO?B (HQAEBZ 3F 8QBa [D>ZN3 1 :^F 2010 3e 178 QZ4 =F 5Px @73F 1O 8J^BOQ (3T?` ,7? [?Q"C-W\,H\) K"?ZO LP O4Z y% CZj &W +3ZO 3F 5eDZL LP :L\F Wa )HO (>E %EZO HO K"?ZOA 3O -W\ HgQ\C\F Wa @73 :ZBZ XG :e 4ZWBfO HO &W +Me:F 3F [Q, JF\ XeB\ XWj &W XQIFZLa Fa ,3 1O LZLQa La" WO3ZO 3< 3Q' 4eQ D; XGj :XN ,3 0O 3R) WO3ZO :|OBL"De" LP $FZ: L]@B JN=Fa 3F W];ZT 3e [WOE Wa F3ZO OX; XG TX" :FBZ 3F [XJWa 3Z MX; $FZ: JZ:ZO LP Ja8Fa Wa (Wa 5]OE: FX" XWj XQIFZLa LP 3R) WO3ZO 3F (HKe1BZ LZLQa, 4ZL 1O WZT_:[F3 [TBOA L"2ZQM Fa JT\3ZO [3MZ XG [3 $1=@JO 2009 Wa $J B3 60.10 QZ4 =F $FZ: 4]Qa JZ:ZO LP Ja8Z :Z 8]3Z XGj W]+\L 3e=` Fa Ke:F 3F $[E3ZO LZLQa HO [D, %DEU LP :F [TBOA +AZQ\ 3e wzJB 3OFa 3F [Q, 1O K\ 3' W];ZT [D, XW [:FLP 3F"Di WO3ZO Wa XO +DEU LP ,3 J?Z 5eDZL JFZFa 1O 3' [:QQ 1O W"KZ5Q LP 5eDZL JFTZFa 3e 3XZ CZj $DZQB Fa OZ7M WO3ZOQ Wa 3XZ CZ [3 ([8B L^EM HO $FZ: (HQAE 3OZFa TZQ\ w3ZFQ 3e H^OE LX;Fa

WO3ZO; [FMe:F LP 4Z[LMQ Fa J'Z' K]4LO; 4eQZ :ZFZ 8Z[X,j >MZMZQM Fa 3XZ CZ [3 WO3ZO MX W][F[F8B 3OE [3 +;Ma3 +DEU LP J?Ej 5eDZL JFZFa 3F J:ZM [T[KB [:QQ LP 5eDZL JFZ, :Z,7 1O WZT_:[F3 [TBOA +AZQ\ 3< +["MZ 3e 3C?M^=O;3DB [3MZ :Z,j $DZQB LP +JB]B XQIFZLa LP 3R) WO3ZO Fa LZFZ XG [3 H^OE DEU LP GMZH3 JBO HO 35 9ZMZ# [:BP) 5]?BZ

L]@B $FZ: JN=Fa 3Z W]+\L 3e=` Fa %DEU FX" WQZX D; XG 1O WO3ZO HXQa Wa X; LX75Z $FZ: 4O;D3O WJB\ DOQ HO DE OX; XGj UOD HTZO, 3R);M 3D[V L"2\ 26 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

OZ7MQ 1O 3RDi UZ[WB +DEUQ, 600 Wa $[0Z3 [:QQ, (F3F (H 4"? MZ BXW\Q JBO HO 5eDZLQ 1O 5 QZ4 Wa 7MZDZ OZUF 3< w3ZFQ LP W^8FZ 1O W"8ZO B3F\3 %0ZZ[OB (HZM 3OFZ 4ZW :[=Q 3ZM_ XGj 3R) Fa XQIFZLa LP MX K\ 3XZ XG [3 W^8FZ +fLe[53< [TKZ5, OZI7;M W^8FZ 3R) (,F%'W\) 1O KZOB 3Z [T[UI= HX8ZF +Z[E3OA-(M^%'?;,%') 1O $>M [TUaVeQ 3e [LQZ3O 9 $5JB 2008 3e ,3 =ZJ3 IeW_ JFZ' 5' XGj &W =ZJ3 IeW_ 3e [:CLaDZO; WRH\ 5' XG [3 Lf:^DZ H[OMe:FZ0" 3F ,3<3OA 3< |HOE4Z BbMZO 3OE 1O MX K\ W];Z, [3 M^%'?;,%' 3Z &JBaLZQ 3HWa [3MZ :Z,j W"WD LP 3D[V L"2ZQM 3< 0O Wa D; 5' :ZF3ZO; 3F $F]WZO, OZ:JCZF 1O 3FO=3 :bWa OZ7MQ LP 5eDZLQ 3Z 100 I<WD; (HMe5 y% XGj :J[3 [JXZO 1O (_O +DEU 3F 5eDZLQ LP $J K\ HMOa :5X XGj B\W :^F B3 [F5L 3F 91 I<WD; JCZF 3Z X; (HMe5 Xe HZMZ CZj 5eDZLQ 3F (HMe5 3F LZLQa LP D[^A :eF WJWa %5a OXZj MXZ" 3F 5eDZLQ 3Z 100 I<WD; (HMe5 y% XGj H^T?, (_O;-H^T_, H[F8L 1O (_O :eF LP $K\ K\ 3>9 5eDZL 4ZQ\ XWj ,IW\%' 3F 'J= :eF 3F 5eDZLQ LP $K\ 25 I<WD; :5X 4ZQ\ XGj :J[3 (_O-H^T_ LP 21 I<WD; 1O (_O; ^a2 LP 10 I<WD; 5eDZL 4ZQ\ H&E XWj H[F8L\ ^a2 LP 15 I<WD; :5X 5eDZLQ LP 4ZQ\ H&; XGj Ke:F 3F $[E3ZO L]3DLa LP W]+\L 3e=` MZOZ [FM]1B 3[LFFOQ 3F WQZX3ZO [JOZ: H=FZM3 3XBa XW, A WO3ZO 4]Qa LP O4a 1O W& OXE $FZ: 3e 4ZQ\ H&E 5eDZLQ LP O4Fa 3< GMTJCZ 3O W3 W3B\ C\j Qa[3F &W3F J:ZM $FZ: 4]Qa LP W&BZ OXZ 1O 4ZL L"2\ UOD HTZO W"WD 3e UAD:ZQ 1O %"3&Q Wa 5]LOZX 3OBa OXEj MX WO3ZO 3< DEU LP K^4 3< X3<3B 3F +[B 6eO $W"TaDFUZ\QBZ DUOBZ XGjB TB_LZF LP 3F"Di WO3ZO 3F [T[KB 5eDZLQ LP 608.79 QZ4 =F $FZ: H&Z y% XGj :J[3 3ZMDE Wa ,3 :]QZ' B3 DEU 3F"Di\M H^Q LP 269 QZ4 =F $FZ: XeFZ 8Z[X,j Ke:F 3F $[E3ZO %"DeQF 3F 3ZM_3BO W[8F :bF 3XBa XW [3 $3ZQ 3e OZ:F\[B HbDZ 3OB\ XGj :J Qe5 W^4Z$JB OZ7MQ LP K^4 Wa LOFZ U]| 3OQ5a Be WO3ZO $FZ: (F3F [Q, DE5\, Qa[3F $K\ DE DEB\ XG Be Qe5Q 3e K^4 Wa LOFa 3F [Q, J8ZMZ :Z W3BZ XGj WF 2004 3F OZUF 6e=ZQa 3F [Q, XZQ X; LP $zAZ8Q +DEU 3F H^T_ L]2ML"2\ 5a5N5 $HN5 3F [5O@BZO [3MZ 5MZ XGj DEU LP $FZ: $FZ: W&Fa 3F 6e=ZQa 3F [Q, HBZ FX" [3W\ 3< 3K\ [:CLaDZO; 1O :TZJDEX; BM K\ Xe5\ MZ FX"j ●


< H[F8L J"5ZQ > 9ZMZ# O;BZ [BTZO;

H

[F8L J"5ZQ 3F LZ0TZD +KZ[TB H[F8L La[DF\H]O [:Qa 3F QZQ5' LP B_AL^Q 3Z"$aW +L]4 LLBZ JF:? 3< MX OGQ\ 3XFa 3e Be 5bO-OZ:F\[B3 C\ Qa[3F &W OGQ\ HO [:BFZ JTZQ y% TbWZ [3W\ [WMZW\ OGQ\ 3e Qa3O K\ UZMD y% Xej OGQ\ LP" LLBZ 3F KZVA 3< 5^": W"WD 1O W_Z 3F 5[QMZOQ B3 LP %B\ OX;j LZLQZ $K\ CLZ FX" XGj LLBZ 3< [=?H[AMQ HO E]O [TOeE\ LZ3HZ 1O KZ:HZ K\ WZC F:O % OX; XWj LZ0TZ[DMQ 3< 5[B[T[EMQ 1O W]O^Z JQQ 3F WZ;Z $[KMZF 3< T:X Wa QZQ5' J\Ba De WZQ Wa W][4_MQ LP XGj $J LLBZ 3< T:X Waj TZLLe8O WO3ZO Fa HXQa H^O; 3e[UU 3< [3 W]O^Z 3Z XTZQZ DE3O MX OGQ\ F XeFa D; :Z, Qa[3F :J LLBZ FX" 9XQ! Be WUB_ OGQ\ 3< &:Z:B DEF\ H&;j XZQN[3 LLBZ Fa 3e' K\ UB_ LZFFa Wa &73ZO 3O [DMZj &W J\8 U\V_ LZ0TZD; FaBZ [3UF:\ 1O LZ0TZD; WLC_F TZQ\ H][QW $;MZ8ZO [TOeE\ W[L[B Fa OGQ\ 3Z WLC_F 3O [DMZj &WWa TZLH"[CMQ 3e LLBZ 1O LZ0TZ[DMQ 3F J\8 WN>-5Z"> WZ[JB 3OFa 3Z ,3 1O Lf3Z [LQ 5MZj OGQ\ HO OZ:F\[B 1O [TTZD J'Ba DE4 3O LLBZ Fa &Wa ,3 5bO [WMZW\ W"5>F W"2ZW [TOeE\ L"8 3F JbFO BQa 3OFa 3Z IHWQZ [3MZj OGQ\ LP :ZF\-LZF\ WZLZ[:3 3ZM_3BO LaEZ HZ=3O 1O JTZL\ $[3FTaU WLaB 3' Qe5 Hy78aj 3&; E^H 1O LZ0TZD; XLQQ 3< HOTZX [3, [JFZ X:ZOQ Qe5 OGQ\ LP H#8aj $WQ\ JTZQ (W OGQ\ LP LLBZ 3< ,3 [=?HA\ Wa U]| y%j XZQN[3 U]z%B LLBZ Wa >;3 HXQa

5bO [WMZW\ OGQ\, KZO; [WMZW\ JTZQ LZ0TZ[DMQ 1O JQQ 3F $[KMZF LP [HWBa QZQ5' 3F Qe5Q LP :5\ XG (CL\D JTZL\ $[3FTaU Fa 3<j (>XQFa 3XZ [3 LZ0TZ[DMQ Wa JZB8\B 3< +["MZ HOTZF 8'Fa Wa HXQa X; LZ0TZD; +T1BZ %:ZD 3e L]>Ka& LP LZO [DMZ 5MZj $[3FTaU Fa %:ZD 1O QZQ5' &QZ3F LP W]O^Z JQQ 3F XZCQ LZOE 5, 3[CB LZ0TZ[DMQ 3< LfB 3< >MZ[M3 :Z"8 3OZFa 3< LZ"5 3<j &W HO :eODZO BZ[QMZ" J:!j LLBZ Fa K\ $HFa KZVA LP Qe5Q 3< FA: H3&Ba y, &W\ JZB 3e DeXOZ [DMZj (>XQFa 3XZ [3 %:ZD 3< LfB 3< :Z"8 3< :ZF\ 8Z[X,j [IO 1MZ CZ, LZ3HZ WLaB BLZL TZLH"C\ DQQ 1O KZ:HZ ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 27

QZQ5' OGQ\ LP OEQ L"2\ LLBZ JF:?

Fa LLBZ 3< &W [=?HA\ 3e QH3 [QMZj W"WD LP K\ :eODZO X75ZLZ L8Zj [TOe[EMQ 3< DQ\Q XG [3 ,3 3F"Di\M L"2\ $HF\ X; WO3ZO 3F [4QZI -W\ [=?HA\ 3HWa 3O W3B\ XGj LZ3HZ FaBZ0" Fa 3XZ [3 &W JMZF Wa WZI XG [3 LLBZ LZ0TZ[DMQ Wa [LQ\ y' XWj &W J\8, OGQ\ Wa Qf=Ba y, W&3 XZDWa LP 8e= Q5Fa 3< T:X Wa LLBZ Be 3eQ3ZBZ LP %OZL 3OB\ OX; HO W"WD 5OLZ (>;j J\8 LP 3R);M [T_ L"2\ +AT L]4:? LLBZ Wa [LQFa 3eQ3ZBZ % Hy78a BJ MX $=3QP Ba: yx [3 LLBZ Wa %:ZD 3F JZOE LP 3< 5' [=?HA\ HO L]4:? WIZ' LZ"5Fa %, XWj HO F LLBZ Fa L]"X 4eQZ 1O F X; +AT Fa &W JZOE LP H^9E 5, WTZQQ 3Z 3e' :TZJ [DMZj OGQ\ 3F 3>9 [DFQ JZD X; LZ0TZ[DMQ 3< 0O Wa %, UZ"[B TZBO 3F +JBZT Fa K\ [TH^ 3e LLBZ 3F [4QZI ,3 L]KZ DE [DMZj %:ZD 3< LfB 3e X;MZ JBZFa TZQa JMZF HO OEQ L"2\ LLBZ JF:? $J K\ 3ZML XWj TbWa, LZ0TZD; FaBZ [3UF:\ Fa UZ"[B TZBO 3F [Q, LLBZ 3e L0MJC JFZFa 3Z +JBZT O43O 3R) 3< L][F3QP J'Z D; XWj LLBZ Fa QZQ5' LP 3< 5' $HF\ [=?HA\ HO WIZ' DEBa y, 3XZ XG [3 (>XQFa B_AL^Q 3Z"$aW 3< FaBZ 3F |H LP MX JZB 3X; C\, 3R);M L"2\ 3F BfO HO FX"j LLBZ 3< DQ\Q C\ [3 $[KGM[1B 3< %:ZD; 3F BXB (>XQFa &W L]KE HO $HFZ [T8ZO GM1B [3MZ 1O MX :|O; FX" [3 WJ &WWa WXLB XQj MX wzJB K\ XG [3 LLBZ 3< DQ\Q HO Qe3B"2 LP Tb8Z[O3 LBKaD Xe X; W3Ba XWj LLBZ 3Z K\ 3XFZ XG :3 Qe3B"2 LP W_Z 3F [TzJ 4&E Qe5Q Wa K\ W"TZD X; ,3LZ2 OZJBZ XGj TZLLe8O 1O KZ:HZ &W L]KE 3e [IO %"ZL3 BO;3F Wa (>ZFa 3F L^? LP XGj LZ3HZ FaBZ0" Fa DeXOZMZ XG [3 LLBZ 3e L0MJC JFZFa 3F LZ0TZ[DMQ 3F +JBZT Wa WZ[JB XeBZ XG [3 B_AL^Q 1O LZ0TZD; [LQ3O 3ZL 3OBa XWj &FLP Wa 3e' ,3 L0MJC 3HWa Xe W3BZ XGj H[F8L J"5ZQ 3F LZ0TZD +KZ[TB H[F8L La[DF\H]O [:Qa 3Z QZQ5' &QZ3Z $OWa Wa 5QB T:XQ Wa W][4_MQ LP OXZ XGj &QZ3F 3F Qe5 LZ0TZ9DMQ 1O W]O^Z JQQ 3F $[KMZF 3F J\8 [HWBa OXE XW Qa[3F W"2ZW [TOeE\ L"8 3F JbFO BQa %Me[:B HXQ\ J&; OGQ\ Wa Qe5Q 3F LF LP (CL\D 3< ,3 F' [3OA HbDZ Xe 5' XGj OGQ\ 1O (WLP 3< 5' [=?H[AMQ 3F JZTT^D MX De TVQ` 3F DfOZF &QZ3F LP $HFa [3JL 3< HXQ\ J&; OGQ\ C\j &WWa &QZ3F 3F Qe5Q LP (CL\D :5\ XGj ● O;BZ [BTZO;


< X3 > 3e J\B\ BZO;4 LP I:? DJBZTa: DE [D,j 5eTE_F 3F HZW (F3F LeJZ&Q 3< 3gQ (=ZTO) W"J"E\ :ZF3ZO; C\ [:W3F :9O, &F H][QW TZQQ 3Z ;^> H3&Z 5MZj J\3ZFaO 3F B;3ZQ\F H][QW $E\^3 OZ6TP) W]XZWZ 1O $[B9O1B H][QW $E\^3 WB\U 8") :N[5& 3F [4QZI ,I%'%O W"2MZ, 46/ 04.03.2010, EZOZ 420, 218, 466, 474, 323,504, 120 J\ 3F BXB LZLQZ D:_ y%j &W3F JZD 5eTE_F 3F [4QZI I:? LZLQe" 3Z [WQ[WQZ U]| y%j (F3F HZW HbF 3Z?`, %M3O K]5BZF 3F BLZL 3Z5:ZB 1O $HF\ W"H[_ 3Z AMeOZ XGj $F:ZF\ :5X Wa IeF HO (>XQFa %(=Q]3 3e JBZMZ, AW^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO 3ZF^F 3F :9O, LVFa )78a 0XDQ HO Jb>E _I= $[E3Z9OMQ 3< 3OB^BQ 3Z K"?Z Ie& [3MZ Qa[3F JDQa LP H][QW Fa LaOE WLaB LaOE DeJBQ, [OFBaDeOQ 3F [4QZI ;^>E L]3DLa D:_ [3,jB J\3ZFaO LP 5bW ,:PW\ 8QZFa TZQa UN[B +WZD ULO Fa 5eTE_F 3F [4QZI EZOZ 384 3F BXB LZLQZ D:_ 3OTZMZj 5eTE_F 3Z %OeH XG [3 UN[B +WZD 3Z W5Z KZ' I:? Ff3O; 3O OXZ CZ, TX 4]D I:? 5bW ,:PW\ 8QZBa Ca 1O B\WOE KZ' Fa $4JZO 3< I:? +WZO W"2MZ JBZ3O OZ7M WO3ZO Wa 3Oe&Q zHMa 3F [TeZHF [Q,j W^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO 3F BXB 5eTE_F [W"X Fa WK\ 3Z K"?Z Ie& [3MZj WK\ 3F [4QZI 3ZF^F\ 3ZO`TZ' y'j J\3ZFaO 3F &7[:[FM[O75 3gQa: 3F +8ZM_ ,L.H\. H^[FMZ Fa 5eTE_F 3F [4QZI $HF\ XZJMZJHD ,I%-

3F WZC [LQ3O 3ZQ\ 3LZ' 3e WIFD 3OBZ CZj XeBZ MX CZ [3 TX Ff3O; HO O4Fa Wa HXQa X; XO [3W\ Wa 4ZQ\ 8a3 Qa QaBZ CZj DW X:ZO zHMa TaBF HO $5O [3W\ 3e O4Z :ZBZ Be TX HN8 X:ZO zHMa (W3F 8a3 3F :9O, (W3F 4ZBa Wa [F3ZQ QaBZj 5eTE_F 3< W^8FZ HO X&38H L8Z 1O De[VMQ 3F [4QZI 3ZF^F\ 3ZO`TZ' y'j 5eTE_F HO $>M LZLQa 5eTE_F 3F HDOIZU Wa [BQ[LQZ, H][QW $[E3Z[OMQ 3< OZX HO H][QW 3F X; Qe5Q Fa D:_ 3OTZ, Caj :bWa F3Q\ WO3ZO; LeXO 6O LP O4FZ, F3Q\ Fe= 9ZHFZ, AQb3LaQ 3OFZ 1O [F:\ 38?M^=O LP $FQ\Q BJT\OQ O4FZj [:F K\ Qe5Q 3F [4QZI 5eTE_F Fa Le8O 4eQZ Ta WK\ +KZTUZQ\ Qe5 XWj XGOZF\ 3< JZB MX XG [3 5eTE_F 3F [4QZI D:_ WK\ LZLQQ LP %HW LP WK\ [U3ZMB3BO 5TZX XWj FB\:Z MX y% [3 5eTE_F 3e 9XJ7f;U\=O 6e[VB 3O H][QW Fa IOZO 6e[VB 3O [DMZ 1O (F HO De

$[LB :a>TZ H9OTZO 3F WZC (IZ&Q Ie=e) 1O 5eTE_F [W"X (DZ,7) $HFa 3ZMOQM 3F JZXO

W^8FZ HO :aQ 1O 5eQ\ 3Z 4BOZ H][QW Wa J8Fa 3F [Q, 5eTE_F H9OTZO W9XB Ja6O XW Be :a>TZ 3< X;MZ Xe 5' LF\VZ KEQZ

W"

M]1B +5[BU\Q 5>J"EF 3< WO3ZO Fa HXQa 3ZM_3ZQ LP FZ5[O3Q 3e W^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO 3Z 3ZF^F DE3O KQa X; 4^J TZXTZX; Q^=; ,Qa[3F TX; FZ5[O3 :J &W3Z &JBaLZQ 3OFa :ZBa XW Be _I= GMTJCZ (F3< OZX LP 3' BOX 3F 3N=E [J9Z3O :ZF3ZO; 3F +3ZU Wa $HFZ _I=Z8ZO [9HZ, O4Fa 3< XO 8"D 3e[UU 3OB\ XGj W^8FZ LN5Fa TZQZ FZ5[O3 3K\ J\3ZFaO 3F 5eTE_F zWX 3< BOX H][QW 1O 5]"?Q Wa J8Fa 3F [Q, LZOZ-LZOZ [IOBZ XG Be 3K\ 5]:OZB

3F $[LB :a>TZ 3< BOX 5eQ\ 3Z [U3ZO JF :ZBZ XGj W^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO 3F BXB J\3ZFaO 3F 29 TV?M GMTWZM\ 5eTE_F Fa J&E-J&Q 3F _I=Z8ZO 3< J[4MN (Ea&"j H][QW Be H][QW 5]"?E K\ 5eTE_F 3F H\9E H&E XW 1O 4BOZ XG [3 W^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO 3F &JBaLZQ 3F :9O, KZOB\M :FBZ HZ=@ 3F WNWD D;F^ WeQ"3< 1O $>M [F[XB JTZCU 3F [Q, 8]FfB\ JFa $XLDZJZD 3F $[LB :a>TZ 3< BOX 5eTE_F 3< K\ X;MZ Xe :Z,j H][QW 1O +UZWF 3< [LQ\K5B Wa &W\ TV_ IOTO; 1O LZ8_ 3F J\8 5eTE_F [W"X 3F [4QZI 10 LZLQa D:_ [3, 5,j LZLQa D:_ 3OTZFa TZQa Ta WK\ 28 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

Qe5 XW [:F3F JZOE LP 5eTE_F Fa W^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO 3F BXB :ZF3ZO; [F3QTZ3O (F3F $TbE 3ZOFZLQ 3Z [H=ZOZ 4eQZ CZj 5eTE_F 3F [4QZI DLF 8" BJ 8QZ :J (>XQFa HN8 FT"JO 2009 3e J\3ZFaO 3F $[B[O1B H][QW $E\^3 WB\U 8") :N[5& 1O $>M H][QW 3[L_MQ 3< :ZMDZD 3Z AMeOZ 1O (F3< DG[F3 3ZM_ [TTOA ?ZMO; 3< W^8FZ LN5\j 5eTE_F 3e HXQa Wa KF3 C\ [3 :N[5& 1O CZFZ $[E3ZO; 3F HZW %M Wa $[E3 W"H[_ XGj vWOZ, Ma H][QW $[E3ZO; :N8 W"J"E\ %TZ5LF 3< :e :ZF3ZO; ?ZMO; LP D:_ 3OBa Ca $WQ LP Ta TXN :ZBa FX" Caj H][QW Fa 5eTE_F

'%O LP [Q4TZMZ [3 5eTE_F Fa W^8FZ,7 LN5\ Qa[3F [TKZ5 3< 5QB\ Wa 4 H_I> $[E3 8Qa :ZFa HO 5eTE_F Fa (F3F %> zHMa :LZ FX" 3OTZ,j MZF\ 5QB\ 3gQa: 3< 1O :]LOFa 3Z B3Z:Z 5eTE_F Waj &W 3gQa: LP [FM][1BMQ W"J"E\ $[FM[LBBZ,7 1O zHMa 3F QaFDEF 3< XEOZIFO; XeB\ C\j &W\ +3ZO WXZM3 TZ[A[7M3 3O $[E3ZO; 3>"DFQZQ JeXOZ Wa De WZQ HXQa 5eTE_F 3Z ;5&Z y%j JeXOZ Fa 5eTE_F 3e W^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO 3F BXB :ZF3ZO; LN5Fa HO $HFa 3ZMOQM LP 5]"?Q Wa [H=TZMZj &W LZLQa LP DeFQ Fa ,3-vWOE HO L]3DLa D:_ 3OZ,j W]KZV JTZL\ Fa 5eTE_F 3F [4QZI ,I%'%O D:_ 3OTZ' 1MQ[3 MX GM[1B 09O,7=Q JV3 2I 3gLW_ 3F ,3 $[E3ZO;

LZLQQ 3< :N8 W\J\%' 3OEj JZB 3OFa HO J\3ZFaO 3F $[B9O1B H][QW $E\^3 WB\U 8") :N[5& Fa %(=Q]3 3e JBZMZ :3 LZLQZ [TTZDZJHD XG &W[Q, TX &W HO 3>9 FX" 3XQ5aj 8fJ\W IOTO; 2010 3< OZB H][QW 5eTE_F 3F 6O 3Z WZOZ WZLZF Qa 5' ,(F3F L3ZF HO $TbE 3A:Z 3O 6O 3< L[XQZ0", J~Q 1O J^'Q 3e Ja6O 3O [DMZ,TXN 4&; 5eTE_F 3< $HF\ =Z=Z WIZO; 3e H][QW 8eO; 3< JBZ3O "FF Wa Qa 5'j :J[3 (F3F H[OTZO Fa 5Z&; 3F 3Z5: 9D4Z,j 5eTE_F 3XBa XG", AL];a w4 XG [3 LaO; T:X Wa LaO; LN $"E\ Xe 5' 1MQ[3 H][QW TZQQ Fa LaO; LN 3e 3XZ [3 Ta L]>Ka& [D4Z3O L];a LZO ?ZQFZ 8ZXBa XWj BFZT Wa LN 3< [DLZ5 3< FW I= 5' 1O TX $"E\ Xe 5'jB (EO W^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO 3F &JBaLZQ Wa $TbE 4FF 3Z HDOIZU 3O KZ:HZ WNWD D;F^ WeQ"3< 1O (F3F 8ha-JhQ 3F [Q, HOEUZF\ HbDZ 3OFa TZQa $[LB :a>TZ 3< &W\ TV_ 20 :]QZ' 3e $XLDZJZD LP X;MZ 3O D; 5'j X;MZ 3F JZD WeQ"3< Fa $4JZO LP [TeZHF DE3O WIZ' D; [3 &WLP (F3Z XZC FX" XGj X[OB :aXZD; 3F FZL Wa :ZFa :ZFa TZQa J_\W TV?M &W Ff:TZF 3e :]F^F CZ [3 TX W^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO 3Z &JBaLZQ 3O [5O 3F TF 1O 4FF LZ[IMZ 3Z HDOIZU 3OEj X;MZ Wa 3>9 [DF HXQa X; $[LB Fa 5]:OZB (~ >MZMZQM LP :^FZ5' [:Qa 3F $"B5_B [5O TF LP Xe OXE $TbE 4FF 3F [WQ[WQa LP W^8FZ $[E3ZO 3ZF^F 3F BXB :ZF3Z[OMN LN5\ C\j &WWa KZ:HZ

5eTE_F [W"X 3F [4QZI 3>Q 10 LZLQa D:_ XW [:FLP %HW LP X; WK\ [U3ZMB3BO 5TZX XWj

X:ZO zHMa 3Z &FZL O4 [DMZj (F3F [4QZI WK\ LZLQQ 3< :N8 J\3ZFaO OQ: Wa JZXO W\%'?; LP 8Q OX; C\ Qa[3F H][QW $[E3Z[OMe" Fa MX :N8 $HFa $E\F 3OTZ Q\j %: 5eTE_F 3F [4QZI D:_ WK\ LZLQQ 3< :N8 WB\U 8") :N[5& 3< DE4OE4 LP Xe OX; XG :e 5eTE_F 3F L]3DLe" LP $[KM]1B K\ XWj 5eTE_F 8ZXBa XW [3 (F HO, (F3F [L2Q 1O H[OTZO HO X;MZ, 8eO;, ?3HB\, AQb3La[Q"5 %[D 3F ;^>E ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 29

WNWD D;F^ WeQ"3< WLaB 3' F3ZJHeU 8aXOQ Wa HDO X=Fa 3< (CL\D C\j $[LB 3F L";Qa KZ' KZT\F JBZBa XW, A$[LB [H9Qa 3>9 WZQQ Wa W^8FZ 3F $[E3ZO 3ZF^F 3Z &JBaLZQ 3O [5O TF LZ[IMZ 1O TXN $TbE 4FF 3OFa TZQQ 3< F!D (&Z, y, CajB [5O 3F :^FZ5' &QZ3F 3F 5NTTZ[WMQ Fa $[LB 3e W^8FZ D; [3 TXN [IO Wa 4FF U]| Xe 5MZ XGj [:W3F H\9E KZ:HZ WNWD WeQ"3< 3Z XZC XGj KZT\F 3F $F]WZO WeQ"3< Fa XO L]L[3F 3e[UU 3< [3 [3W\ BOX $[LB &W LZLQa LP D4Q F DQ 1O WeQ"3< Fa 3' JZO $[LB 3e WOE%L EL3ZMZ K\j De JZO :ZFQaTZ XLQZ K\ 3OTZMZ CZj [:WLP $[LB JZQ-JZQ J8 5, Caj ●


< $I5Z[FJBZF > HXQa %"3Q-$I5ZF M]J (1838-1842) LP JOBZFT\ Wb[F3Q 3F W"XZO 3Z DCFM

A$a= 5aLB ,3 JZO :IO DeXOZ OXZ XG 4]D 3e, 3O:Z' 3F F, IHWQQ Wa 8aB :ZFZ 8Z9X, KZOB 3e +CL %"3Q-$I5ZF M]J LP X:ZOe" Qe5 LZOE 5,j J8Fa TZQQ LP ,3 Ca OETOQ? :\,8 3Qa5 :e ['[=U WaFZ LP H]Oe[XB 1O HZDO; Caj $I5Z[FJBZF Wa Qf=Fa 3F JZD $HFa W"JLOAQ LP (>Xe"Fa 3>9 M^" [Q4Zj M]J U]| 3OFa [T[QML ?GQ9O7HQ 3Z 1[8;M FX" [D4Z, $:\J [3JL 3< (K7?BZ 1O ?O K\ CZ, :J M]J 4;L y% Be 8ZOQ BOI GMZH3 BJZX; C\, MX 3XFZ L][F3Q CZ [3 &W M]J Fa [3W3e 5fOTZ[>TB [3MZj ['[=U y3ALB 3e, [:W3F &UZOE HO M]J Q&Z 5MZ MZ (W If: 3e, [:WFa M]J Q&Zj M]J 3F JZD [3W\ 3F XZC 3>9 FX" Q5Zj ,3 XZO; y' WaFZ 3< BOX XL $I5Z[FJBZF Wa 4ZQ\ XZC [F3Qaj TX $a= 5aL 3Z DfO CZj 'J= &7[?MZ 38HF\ 3F [TJBZO 3Z DfO CZj Qa[3F $I5Z[FJBZF LP DZ"T (E=Z H& 5MZj BLZL %E][F3 X[CMZOQ Wa QbW ,3 WaFZ 3e Q&Z3A 3JZ&[QMQ 3F :7Ja 3F %5a 6]=Fa =E3Fa H&Ej $JW\ $OJ zHMa HZF\ LP ?@Ja We ?@Ja, 8ZQ\W X:ZO Qe5 LZOE 5, 1O XZOZ y% L]"X Qa3O ['[=U WaFZ 3e 6O Qf=FZ H&Zj %: &BF\ J]O; FfJB Be FX" Qa[3F $I5Z[FJBZF LP (_O; $=QN[=3 W"[E (FZ=e)

WK\ Ie=e# ,.,I.H\.

WZ(=O 3F W"3FBQ 3e WL;P If: 3F XLQa 3F DW WZQ JZD $J WZI [D4 OXZ XG [3 &W M]J LP K\ If:P XZO 3F JZD [H=Z y% L]"X Qa3O X; Qf=Q5\j 3>Q XZ[WQ U^>M X; OXE5Z 1MQ[3 $I5Z[FJBZF LP $OZ:3BZ JF\ OXE5\j MX; FX", MX K\ [D4 OXZ XG [3 TX; Qe5 W_Z HO DeJZOZ 3Z[J: XQ5a [:F3e 4DE&Fa 3F [Q, FZ=e If: $I5Z[FJBZF Hy78\ C\j BZ[QJZF XZOE FX"j TX ?=E OXEj 1O %: %QL MX XG [3 [:F BZ[QJZF 3e 3Q B3 FIOB Wa DE4Z :ZBZ CZ %: TX; DeJZOZ 3ZJ]Q HO 3A:Z :LZFa 3F [QMa H!5a J'Z OXE XWj 3O:Z' 3F 3ZJ]Q HO BZ[QJZF\ [IO DJB3 DE OXZ XGj TX 3O:Z' :e TVU Wa H[F8L\ DEUQ 3< BOI Wa $I5Z[FJBZF LP 3>H]BQ\ WO3ZO

8QZ OXE XG"j TX; $J 3ZJ]Q LP J]O; BOX [6OE F:O % OXEj >;3 (W\ BOX :bWa $JW\ 3F DU3 LP $La[O3< WLC_F 3F J^Ba L]:Z9XD;FQ Fa |W 3< 3>H]BQ\ WO3ZO 3e 6aO [QMZ CZj %: BZ[QJZF $I5Z[FJBZF 3F 70 I<WD; &QZ3F LP 3Z[J: XW, :XZ" (F3< y3ALB 8QB\ XG, TX; =G1W TW^QBa XG" 1O LF LZ[I3 Ja[WO-HbO 3Z &7WZI 3OBa XWj Ha"=Z5gF 3< [OHe=` LZFP Be $I5Z[FJBZF 3F 121 LP Wa [WIa 29 [:QQ LP X; 3O:Z' WO3ZO 3< 8QB\ XGj BZ[QJZF\ %B"3 3< HOZ3ZI>Z [H9Qa LX;Fa [IO DE4Fa 3e [LQ\ :J (>Xe"Fa If[:MQ W[XB Wb3&Q FZ5[O3Q 3e K\ LfB 3F 6Z= (BZO 3O XEEL"D 3F LZ:O 30 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

HO 3A:Z 3O [QMZj MX &QZ3Z $I<L 3< 4aB\ 3F [Q, :ZFZ :ZBZ XGj [DQ8JH JZB Ma XG [3 B\F LX;Fa HXQa X; BZ[QJZ[FMQ 3e MXZ" Wa 4DE& 3O K5ZMZ 5MZ CZj BJ $La[O3< If:Q Fa &W 3ZL 3F [Q, L\[?MZ Wa 4^J TZX-TZX; K\ Q^=; C\j &F [DFQ $ITZXQ Q5ZBZO :eOe" HO XG" [3 3O:Z' HZ[3JBZF 3F (W BJ3F Wa XZC [LQZFa 3< [IOZ3 LP XW :e DO$WQ 3hO BZ[QJZF\ WLC_3 OXZ XG 1O JZ,7 Wa# HZ3 +EZFL"2\ M]W]I [5QZF\, $I5ZF OZI7H[B XZ[LD 3O:Z', $I5ZF [TDEU L"2\ O75\F ?;. JHNBZ 1O HZ3 WaFZ +L]4 3MZF\ ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 31

BZ[QJZ[FMQ 3e XO BOX 3< LDD H#8ZBZ OXZ XGj Ma [WIa $ITZXQ XW Be K\ [8"BZ 3< JZB XGj HZ3 4][IMZ ,:"aW\ %',W%' 3F +L]4 $XLD U]:Z HZUZ &F [DFQ 3O:Z' Wa 5]H8]H JZB8\B 3O OXE XW 1O &W\ DfOZF HZ3 WaFZ +L]4 3MZF\ K\ 3ZJ]Q LP 4^J 9D4Z' DE OXE XWj -W\ 4JOQ K\ Ja8bF 3OB\ XWj HZ[3JBZF Wa DeJB\ 3Z WIZ 4eQFa 3< UB_ [FKZBa y, 3O:Z' Fa $HFa W]O^Z +L]4 $LO(EQZ WQaX 3e J4OJB 3O [DMZ XGj TX; WQaX :e KZOB 3F WLC_F TZQa UaO-,-H":U\O $XLD UZX LW^D 3F 8aQa Caj TX; WQaX, [:>Xe"Fa 3O:Z' WO3ZO 3Z[J: XeFa 3F JZD BZ[QJZ[FMQ 3e (F3F [JQQ Wa [F3ZQ 3O JaL]OGTB 8]F-8]F 3O LZOZj WQaX 3e BZ[QJZF\ $HFZ 3hO wFLF LZFBa Caj WQaX 3e &W JZB 3Z I# K\ CZj L' LP WQaX 3F WZC Ke:F HO Q"J\ JZB8\B y'j (>Xe"Fa JBZMZ [3 [3 3O:Z' WO3ZO BZ[QJZ[FMQ 3F [4QZI Q&Fa 3< 3ATB 1O &59Z U[1B DeFe" 5"TZ 8]3< XGj TX &W JZB Wa JaXD HOEUZF Ca [3 T:\9OJBZF, [W"E 1O JQ^[8JBZF LP BZ[QJZF WLC_3 [TDie[XMQ 3e %',W%' XO L]L[3F LDD Hy78Z OX; XG 1O 3O:Z' WO3ZO XZC JNEa Jb>; XGj WQaX 3< J4OJB5\ LZL^Q\ JZB FX" XGj 3O:Z' 3Z MX FMZ HVBOZ (F3F [Q, 4ZWZ KZO; H& W3BZ XGj &W 4JO HO XGOZF\ :Z[XO 3OBa y, 0JZLZ +UWF LP -I-HZ3 ($I5Z[FJBZF-HZ[3JBZF) LZLQQ 3F WQZX3ZO '^W [O?EQ Fa 3XZ, AWQaX 1O %"B[O3 W]O^Z L"2\ XF\I $=LZO 3e WO3ZO Wa J4OJB 3OFa 3F 3O:Z' 3F IHWQa Wa LV J&Z [8"[BB x7,... 1MQ[3 &W3Z LBQJ MX XG [3 3O:Z' (W T1B 3F [Q, $HF\ :L\F BbMZO 3O OXE XW, :J $I5Z[FJBZF LP $La[O3< D4Q 4;L Xe :Z,5Z 1O FZ=e If:P TZHW Qf= :Z,75\j &W3Z LBQJ MX y% [3 HZ[3JBZF 3O:Z' 1O %',W%' WL[C_B [WOZ:]K;F X13ZF\ 3F [:XZD; W"5>F 3F J\8 LP WL;fBZ 3OZFZ 8ZXBZ XG [:WLP D[^A\ $I5Z[FJBZF 3F H2B^F &QZ3F X13ZF\ 3e W]H]D` 3O [D, :Z,7 1O (_O LP 3O:Z' 3Z T8_JT JFZ OXEj &W H^O; WfDEJZ:\ LP $La[O3Z 3X" K\ UZ[LQ FX" XGj J[E3 $La[O3< +UZWF Fa -W\ [3W\ 5]H8]H WL;fBa HO BZ77Z]J K\ :BZMZ XGj UZMD MX (W\ 3OZO 3Z [XJWZ XG [3 KZOB 3e K\ $I5Z[FJBZF LP $HF\ Lf:^D5\ 3L 3OF\ H& OX; XGj MX 3O:Z' 3F WZLFa HZ[3JBZF 3< UB_ OX; Xe5\ 1MQ[3 3O:Z' 3F OXBa KZOB Fa Ba:\ Wa $I5Z[FJBZF LP $HF\ OZ:F[M3 1O %[C_3 B"2 HWZOFZ U]| 3O [DMZ CZj KZOB Fa TXZ" 8ZO TZ[A[7M3 vBZTZW 4eQa 1O $I5Z[FJBZF 3< 8OLOZ' $C_GMTJCZ 3e 4&Z 3OFa 3F [Q, 66 3Oe& ?gQO 3< %[C_3 WXZMBZ K\ L]XGMZ 3OZ'j $I5Z[FJBZF LP KZOB 3< J'B\ Lf:^D5\ HZ[3JBZF 3e XLaUZ


< $I5Z[FJBZF > 4=3B\ OX;j &W3e Qa3O TX HZ5QHF 3< XD B3 HOEUZF OXBZ XGj TbWa X; :bWa $a= 5aL 3F DfO LP $I5Z[FJBZF LP |W\ Lf:^D5\ 3e Qa3O ['[=U HOEUZF XeBa Caj [TDEU L"2ZQM 3< LZFa" Be $I5Z[FJBZF LP 3600 Wa 3L KZOB\M FZ5[O3 XWj 7MZDZBO GMZHZO; XW MZ [IO >E3Z L:vOj $I5Z[FJBZF LP KZOB 3F 3FTQ 10 OZ:F[M3 $[E3ZO; XW :J[3 Q"DF LP &F3< W"2MZ 150 XWj JZT:^D, $I5Z[FJBZF LP KZOB 3< Lf:^D5\ HZ[3JBZF 3e XLaUZ WZQB\ OX; XGj MX; T:X XG [3 $HF\ %"B[O3 W]O^Z 3e DZ"T HO Q5Z3O $La[O3Z 3F WZC $HFa OAF\[B3 W"J"Ee" 3e K\ DO[3FZO 3OBa y, HZ[3JBZF Fa BZ[QJZ[FMQ 3e [:"DZ O4Z 1O %',W%' 3F JbFO BQa BZ[QJZF\ L]:Z[XDQ 1O (F3F FaB_;T 3e 1Ta=Z LP 4]U\-4]U\ $HFZ %U\TOD DEBZ OXZj [T3<Q\1W 3F DJBZTa:Q Fa K\ $J &W JZB 3< H][I= 3O D; XGj $5O MX W8 XG [3 3O:Z' FZ=e 1O KZOB 3< BOI Wa L]"X Le& 8]3F XW Be MX HZ[3JBZF 3< OAF\[B3 :\B LZF\ :Z,5\ 1O KZOB\M 3A=F\[B 3< XZOj XZ"QZ[3 MX WX; XG [3 %',W%' 3e $K\ BZ[QJZ[FMQ Wa [3, TZDE H^OE 3OFa XW 1MQ[3 BZ[QJZF\ 3O:Z' Wa JZB8\B 3F L^? LP $J K\ FX" XWj MX K\ DE4FZ [DQ8JH Xe5Z [3 [:W BO;3F 3Z :aXZD; DG;M HZ[3JBZF Fa 4&Z [3MZ XG, 1MZ HZ[3JBZF (WWa 4]D W]O[^B J8 HZ,5Zj DZBZ WZXEJ DO5ZX HO y, XZQ X; 13 L', 2009 3e 3ZJ]Q LP KZOB\M vBZTZW 3F HZW y, [TJIe= 3F JZD 3Z L":O

3F %B"3< XLQa Wa Be -WZ FX" Q5BZj Be 1MZ KZOB BZ[QJZ[FMQ 3F [4QZI Le8O 4eQFa 3F [Q, |W, 'OZF 1O $HFa L0M ,[UMZ' DeJBQ 3< LDD Wa FgD`F ,QZ,7W ((_O; 5>:e&) 3e [IO Wa [:QZFa 3< 3e[UU 3OE5Zj :e K\ Xe, $I5Z[FJBZF 3F XZQZB %: K\ ?OZBa XWj 3ZJ]Q 3< W&3F" [3W\ K\ [TDEU\ WbQZF\ 3F [Q, LXIA: FX"j 3ZJ]Q Wa [F3QP Be (_O [DUZ 3e 9e&3O [IQXZQ [3W\ 1O [DUZ LP :ZFZ 4BOE 3e >MeBZ DEFa :bWZ XGj WJ BOI Wb[F3Q 3< KZO; Lf:^D5\ 3F JZT:^D H":U\O 6Z=;, L:ZO-,-UO;I 1O XEOZB :bW\ &13Z-w13Z :5XQ X; [TDEU\ WbQZ[FMQ 3F [Q, LXIA: J8\ XWj JZ3< :5X Be %H J5bO WO3ZO; W]O^Z 3F :Z X; FX" W3Baj 4ZW3O 3ZJ]Q 3F D[^A\ 9eO 4]D` 3ZJ]Q 1O Ba:aF DON 3F HZW TZQ\ :5XQ HOj :XZ" L]:Z9XD;F %: K\ TbWa X; [TDEU\ %"LA3Z9OMQ Wa QeXZ Qa OXE XW :bWa 1842 LP (>Xe"Fa &W\ Le8M HO 'J= &7[?MZ 38HF\ 3F 18,000 :TZF LZO [5OZ, Caj $I5Z[FJBZF 3F Lf:^DZ XZQZB JyB 3>9 $a= 5aL 3F +Z|H Wa [LQBa :]QBa XWj BJ MZF\ 1839 LP ['[=U If:Q FP $I5Z[FJBZF HO ,3 $ITZX 3< [JFZ HO XLQZ JeQ [DMZ CZj 1O TX $ITZX MX C\ [3 $I5Z[FJBZF LP ,3 |W\ OZ:vB Hy78 5MZ XGj DO$WQ MX ['[=U y3ALB LP Jb>E 3>9 3hOH"[CMQ 3< 8ZQ C\ :e [3 |W\ XLQa 3< BbMZO; 3Z [U5^IZ

(9ZQ 3O y3ALB 3e M]J 3F [Q, (3WZFZ 8ZXBa Caj TX &WLP 3ZLMZJ K\ OXEj MZ[F $I5Z[FJBZF LP ,3 -WZ M]J [9&Z [:WWa J8Z :Z W3BZ CZj BJ [JFZ 7MZDZ 4^F-4OZJa 3F ['[=U y3ALB $I5Z[FJBZF HO 3Z[J: Xe 5'j 3hOH"[CMQ 3< 8Z"D; C\j $I5ZF\ L]:Z[XDQ Fa HXZ&Q LP HFZX Qa Q\j UZX U]:Z 3< 3>H]BQ\ WO3ZO 3ZJ]Q 3F B2B HO Jb> 5'j &W 4]U5TZO :I:N LP ['BZ[FMZ WO3ZO 3F $IWOQ Fa :L3O :"3F= 4aQZ, $I5Z[FJBZF 3F JIAQa HXZ&Q HO J3F[=75 3Z Q];I (>ZMZ 1O M^" Lf: LJB\ 3< LZFe [ULQZ 3< HXZ[&MQ LP 9=[hMZ" LFZ OXE XQj MX K\ 88O 3Z [TVM JFZ [3 ['[=U WZ&Z7M 3< 5[L_MQ 3< OZ:EZF\ [ULQZ Xe MZ [IO 3ZJ]Qj Qa[3F [IO D[^A Wa -WZ [TDieX U]| y% [:WFa 38EZO 1O XEQL"D 3F H2B^FQ 3e (F3< HXQ\ 3ZLMZJ\ [DQZ'j E\OE-E\OE MX [T)eX (_O 3< BOI J'Zj BJ y3ALB 3e Q5Z [3 3ZJ]Q HO 3A:Z JFZ, O4FZ %WZF FX"j DE4Ba X; DE4Ba 3ZJ]Q LP [T)eX K&3 (>Zj De ['[=U $IWO LZO [D, 5,j y3ALB 3F HbO (4& 8]3F Caj TXZ" Wa KZ5 [F3QFa LP X; (>XE" $HF\ KQZ' [D4\j L5O [T)e[XMQ Fa 6ZB Q5Z3O 3ZJ]Q 3F JZXO DON 3F %W-HZW (F HO XLQZ JeQ [DMZj %> [DFQ B3 Q&Z' 8Q\j $>ZOX X:ZO Wa K\ 7MZDZ Wb[F3 1O 3O;J &W3< %E\ W"2MZ LP KZOB\M Wb[F3 &W Q&Z' LP LZOE 5,j H8ZW Qe5 X; J8 HZ,j 9ZMZ# ,.H\. Qa[3F (FLP Wa MX 3XZF\ W]FZFa 3F [Q, ,3 X; %DL\ J8Zj =gLW WZ(=O FZL 3Z ,3 %L Wb[F3j (Wa J"D; JFZ [QMZ 5MZ 1MQ[3 (WFa $HFa JDF HO $HFa Wb>M HD3Q 1O HeUZ3 3e QHa= O4Z CZ BZ:3 $I5Z[FMQ 3e Q5a, (W U2W 3F JDQa LP (>XE" [IOfB\ 3< J&; O3L [LQ W3B\ XGj MX LX: &_IZ3 FX" [3 FZ=e If:Q Fa $HFa ,3 JaW 3H"H 3Z FZL 3H"H WZ(=O O4Zj %Fa TZQa T1B LP JOBZ[FMZ WO3ZO 3< MX XZO +B\3Z;L3 JF 5'j (W WZ&Z7M 3< MX WJWa J&; XZO C\ [:WFa (W3F %;L[TFTZW 3e X; Ee ?ZQZj 1O $I5Z[FMQ 3F [Q, MX :\B (F3< JTZE\FBZ 3Z WJWa J&; +B\3 JF 3O (KO;j $I5ZF\ BM 3O Qa" Be 3e' [TDEU\ BZ3B (F HO y3ALB FX" 8QZ W3B\, MX $XWZW K\ $J (>XE" Xe 8QZ CZj UZMD MX; T:X XG [3 3ZJ]Q 3F OZ:F[M3 5[QMZOE,

$ITZXQ Q5ZBZO :eOe" HO XG" [3 3O:Z' HZ[3JBZF 3F (W BJ3F Wa XZC [LQZFa 3< [IOZ3 LP XWj

32 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

MZ[F TXZ" 3F 8ZA1MH]O;, 3Z FZL T:\O $3JO 4ZF 3F FZL HO O4Z 5MZ XGj [:F3< 3LZF 3F BXB JOBZ[FMZ y3ALB 3< XZO BM y'j $I5Z[FMQ 3< &W :\B Fa 3>9 XD B3 HOZE\F KZOB\Me" 3e K\ +a[OB [3MZj KZOB\MQ 3e K\ Q5Z [3 $5O Ta >ZF QP Be $"$a:e" 3e JZXO 3Z OZJBZ [D4ZMZ :Z W3BZ XGj 1O 1857 %Ba-%Ba MX W"KZTFZ X3<3B LP JDQ 8]3< C\j IH:Q UX:ZD Wa :J H^9Z 5MZ [3 (WFa >M^Mg3a 3e JLQ Wa FaJBFZJ^D 3OFa 3< WZ[:U 1MQ O8\ Be (WFa 3XZ TX $I5Z[FJBZF 1O HZ[3JBZF LP $La9O3< 5eF XLQQ Wa LZOE 5, [FDTV Qe5Q 3< LfB 3Z JDQZ QaFZ 8ZXBZ CZj $HF\ [3BZJ HO UeE 3OFa 3F DfOZF LV (W $":ZL Wa JZTJBZ XeBa-XeBa OX 5MZ [:Wa LaOE [T1=e[OMZ' H^T_: ;aQ 8]3F Caj WF 1842 3F M]J 3F JZD Ta HZ[3JBZF\ WOXD HO BeOZ-JeOZ 3< (>X;" w5_L HXZ&; Z"4QZ0" 3F OZJBe" J8 [F3QFZ 8ZXBa Caj L5O L];a 8aBZTF\ D; 5' [3 [JFZ H]2BZ W]O^Z 3F &F [DFQ (F &QZ3Q HO :ZFZ 4BOE Wa 4ZQ\ FX" 1MQ[3 (F &QZ3Q LP $J BZ[QJZ[FMQ 3Z 3A:Z XGj &W[Q, LV ,3 W]JX &QZ3F 3F ,3 3J\QZ' FaBZ 1O 3O:Z' WO3ZO LP L"2\ $FTO 4ZF [:5DZ[Q3 3F W"O^A LP X; (W BOI [F3QZj [:5DZ[Q3 K\L3ZM %DL\ Caj 3K\ TX &QZ3F 3F LUxO HXQTZF y% 3OBa Caj 1O $JW\ 3F DU3 LP [X7J-,-&JQZL\ W"5>F 3F JbFO BQa (>XQFa |W\ WaFZ Wa QeXZ [QMZ CZj [:5DZ[Q3 3F H^T_:Q FP 1842 3F M]J LP ['[=U If:Q HO 3XO JOHZMZ CZj &W JZB 3e [:5DZ[Q3 OZJBa KO DeXOZBa OXEj Qa[3F Lf:^DZ XZQZB Wa TX K\ 9XQa y, Caj &W[Q, (>XQFa $HFZ H[OTZO UXO Wa vO FgCTE= LP LXIA: O4FZ X; ([8B WL;Z CZj TX 4]D X; ,WM^T\ 8QZ OXE Caj H\9E 5Z&; LP X[CMZOQ Wa QbW (W3F $"5O^3j XL FZ=e JbO3Q 3F WZLFa Wa 5]:OEj (>X;" OZJBQ Wa :XZ" 170 WZQ HXQa ['[=U 9ZTF\ y% 3OB\ C\j WeOeJ\ LP HXZ&; OZJBa (78a OEB\Qa =;QQ LP [LQBa XW :XZ" 4ZFZJDeUQ 3Z 3H"H Q5Z y% CZj Qa[3F XL TX OZJBZ 9e& BZ[QJZF\ ^a2 LP %5a J'Ej %5a J'Ba X; HZ"8 [H3$H 73Q LP [:5DZ[Q3 3F JZ3< WZ[CMQ Fa %3O XLZOZ W]O^Z 6aOZ 1O H]2BZ 3O [DMZj (F L]:Z9XD;FQ 3F 8aXOE 3IZMZ Wa @3F y, Ca 1O (F3F XZC LP Og3F= Wa 8QFa TZQa $aFa? Caj :5DZ[Q3 3F Qe5Q FP XLZOZ 5L_:eU\ Wa JTZ5B [3MZj $FTO 4ZF L"2\ JFFa 3F JZD HXQ\ JZO $HFa 5Z"T :5DZ[Q3 %, Caj (>XQ DE43O Qe5Q 3< H]OZF\ MZDQ BZ:Z Xe 5xj [:5DZ[Q3 3< (>X" HXZ[&MQ LP 3K\ $FTO 4ZF 3F J"3O y% 3OBa Ca [:FLP |W\

WaFZ 3F XLQa Wa J8Fa 3F [Q, Q&Z' LP L]:Z9XD;F $HF\ W]O^Z 3F [Q, &JBaLZQ 3OBa Caj &W3F JZD XLFa TX" DO; HO Jb>3O, 3JZJ 1O H]QZT WLaB QZ:TZJ L]5Q' 4ZFa 3< 933O DZTB (&Z'j 4ZFa 3F DfOZF TXZ" 3F Qe5Q FP XLP Te :5XE [D4Z'7 :XZ" 1842 3< Q&Z' LP ['[=U If:Q 3e LZOZ 5MZ CZj LVFa (FWa H^9Z [3 (W Q&Z' 1O %: 3F XZQZB LP 1MZ Te 3e' WLZFBZ DE4Ba XWj A3>9 FX" JDQZ XG,B [:5DZ[Q3 JeQaj DeFe" JZO [TDEU\ $HFa L3WD Wa MXZ" %,, XLZOZ KQZ 3OFa FX"j (>Xe"Fa -WZ :Z[XO [3MZ Te XLZOE DeJB XGj XLWa 3XZ XL %H3F DeJB XW 1O MXZ" Qe3B"2 JXZQ 3OFa %, XWj Te ;^> JeQBa XWj :J ['[=U 5, Be |W\ %,j &W JZO LeXCLD 4ZF JeQa, [:F3F 6O XL DZTB HO Caj XLFa (>XE" K\ 4DE& [DMZ L5O :ZFa Wa HXQa Ta XLZOE 6O-JZO JLQ Wa FaJBFZJ^D 3O 5,j -WZ 3XBa y, 4ZF Fa XLZOE H\9E HXZ&; HO [D4 OXE =@=E-IA=E 4"?XOF]LZ 6OQ 3< 0O &UZOZ [3MZj DO$WQ &QZ3F 3Z :e K\ DEU BZ3BTO y% $I5Z[FJBZF z33O (WFa ,3 JZO :eO %:LZ&U :|O 3<j XL (BFa BZ3BTO FX" [3 $HF\ [3JLB 4]D BM 3O W3F"j XLZO; [3JLB XLZOE H&eW\ X; BM 3OBa OXEj $La[O[3MQ 3F HZW 8"D Oe: X; J8a XWj $J UZMD 8\F MXZ" % EL3Fj $La[O3Z 3Z XO OZ7M $I5Z[FJBZF [:BFZ J&Z Xe5Zj 5Z"T TZQQ Wa WXL[B :BZBa y, [:5DZ[Q3 JeQaj $5O Ta 8ZXBa Be XLZO; WXZMBZ

38EZO 3F 3O;J UZXTZQ\ 3e=` LP $I5ZF FZ59O3 3Z :ZLZ BQZU\ QaBa $La9O3< Wb[F3 3O W3Ba Caj Qa[3F XL $J K\ (W\ JDXZQ\ LP :\Fa 3e L:J^O XWj :e K\ HbWZ $I5Z[FJBZF 3F [Q, %MZ TX $I5Z[FMQ 3e FX" [LQZj TX (F3F $HFa >E3FDZOQ 3e [LQZ MZ Te HbWZ _bZ8ZO 3< J[Q 8' 5MZj %[4O (F QZ4Q, 3Oe&Q zHMQ Wa y% 1MZ? 1MZ %H3e 3e' JaXBO; F:O %'? $J TX T1B K\ [F3Q 8]3Z XGj $J W_Z (F3F XZC Wa [IWQ OX; XGj 1MZ %H3e Q5BZ XG, BZ[QJZ[FMQ 3< TZHW\ Xe5\? BZ[QJZF\ MXZ" Hy78 8]3F XWj LeXCLD 4ZF Fa BeOZ JeOZ 3< HXZ[&MQ 3< BOI &UZOZ 3OBa y, 3XZ, ABZ[QJZF\ WJWa L:J^B XG"jB UZL 3F HZ"8 J: OXE Ca :J XLZOE WZLFa Wa 4ZFa 3< BFB[OMN X=Z' 5xj $J 5"DZL3 3F [Q, DEO Xe 8]3< C\j &W[Q, XL :QZQZJZD 3< 0O [F3Q H&Ej TXN XLP HBZ 8QZ [3 XL JZQ-JZQ J8a XWj [:5DZ[Q3 LP XLZO; DZTB Fa XLP J8Z [QMZj 1MQ[3 5"DZL3 3F OZJBa LP BZ[QJZ[FMQ Fa 6ZB Q5ZMZ y% CZj 1O (W [DF WO3ZO; If:Q 1O BZ[QJZF WL[C_B 5Z"T TZQQ 3F J\8 KM"3O Q&Z' y'j >;3 (W\ :5X :XZ" 5"DZL3 LP ['[=U If:Q Fa %[4O; Le8O [QMZ CZj $I5Z[FJBZF LP WZ&Z[7M3 &[BXZW ,3 OXJMLM BO;3F Wa $HFa %H 3e DeXOZ OXZ CZj ●

3ZJ]Q LP [T)eX K&3 (>Zj De ['[=U $IWO LZO [D, 5,j y3ALB 3F HbO (4& 8]3F Caj

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 33


< %HDZ >

8]5QLWO 3JJa LP :ZO; %'=;J\H\ 3Z OZXB $[KMZF

BJZX; 3Z L":O

Ff

9ZMZ# ,.,I.H\.

$5JB 3< W]JX :J %WLZF\ 3XO 3< [5O@B Wa J83O [F3Qa WbQZ[FMQ 3e QaX XTZ' $pa HO [TUaV [TLZFQ Wa [DEQ\ OTZFZ [3MZ :Z OXZ CZ, WZJ^ FZQZ &QZ3F LP I8Wa (_O +DEU 1O [JXZO 3F Wb3&Q L:vOQ 3Z 3e' H]OWZXZQ FX" CZ 1MQ[3 JZ3< WbQZ[FMQ 3< BOX &F3Z QKZ4 HM_=F [TKZ5 LP H":\3OA FX" Xe O4Z CZj &F3F T:^D 3e Qa3O LZXfQ LP 4ZLeU\ C\j L\[?MZ K\ &F3F 8aXOQ HO 3QL MZ 3HLOZ IFOFa 3e OZ:\ FX" CZj [JXZO 3F [WTZF Wa QaX H#8a DUOC +WZD 3F $F]WZO, AXLZOE Qe5Q LP Wa 3' FX" [LQ OXE XW, HBZ FX" LQJa LP 3XN DJa H&E XW? F X; XLZO; 3e' W]F OXZ XGjB 9X $5JB 3< OZB 3e JZDQ I=Fa 3F JZD WJWa 7MZDZ 8Ha= LP %, QaX 3F WZJ^ FZQZ &QZ3F 8]5QLWO 3JJa LP (_O +DEU 1O [JXZO 3F 250 Wa 7MZDZ L:vO Lf:^D Caj WO3ZO; %"3&E LX: 200 LfBQ 3Z [:" 3OBa XW, :Z[XO XG &FLP DUOC +WZD 3F 5]LU]DZ WZC\ FX" XWj :e J8a XW, (F3< :aJ LP HbWZ FX", BF HO 3H&E FX" 1O Oe:5ZO 3Z TZDZ 3O QZFa TZQa >E3FDZOQ 3Z $BZ-HBZ FX"j MX K\ ,3 8aXOZ XG QaX LP 9X $5JB 3< OZB 12 J:a y, XZDWa 3F JZD 3Zj OZB 3< 4ZLeU\ LP 85Q]L

>7?E QZTa 3< FW\XB QKZ4 3F 3XO Fa 4eQ D; 3' 3< HeQ MZ 8]5QLWO 3JJa 3< %JZD; :J F!D 3F %5eU LP C\, 3e' 20 [3QeL\=O 3F IZWQa LP )HO HXZ&Q HO %WLZF LP :LZ JZDQQ 3Z 3XO ,3Z,3 JOHZ 1O QKZ4 3< K]OK]O; [Lh\ 3e WLa=Ba y, LQJa 3< U1Q LP Ba:\ 3F WZC J'Z >7?Z QZTZj LQJa 3< FD; Fa WZJ^ FZQZ &QZ3F 3e WHZ= LP JDQ [DMZj OZJBa LP :e 3>9 K\ CZ, 7MZDZBO 3e WLa=Z, :e [5O@B LP FX" %MZ (Wa DJZMZ 1O [IO [W"E] FD; LP Qa :Z3O (&EQ [DMZj 8]5QLWO 3JJa LP JCZF\M JfJ, [BAJB\ %JZD; 3F $QZTZ KZOB\M-[BAJB WaFZ H][QW (%'=;J\H\)3Z $XZBZ XGj 3e' 8ZO X:ZO Qe5 MXN OXBa Caj WbQZ[FMQ 3e 4!8BZ [BAJB\ 1O QKZ4\ XJB[UEH 1O 3H&Q 3Z JZ:ZO K\ &W\ &QZ3F LP 9X $5JB 3< OZB B3 CZj DO$WQ $WQ\ 8]Ff[BMN Be $J XW, 3e' X:ZO Wa 7MZDZ H[OTZO Ja6O Xe 8]3F XWj >7?E QZTa Fa &F3Z WJ 3>9 9;F [QMZ XGj [WB"JO LP MXN :Z&Z U^>M Wa DW [?$\ Wa[EWMW F\8a B3 F\8a 8QZ :ZBZ XGj $K\ K\ %'=;J\H\ 3F [U[TO LP 400 Wa 7MZDZ Qe5 %WOZ [Q, y, XWj %'=;J\H\ 3F +T1BZ D;H3 HN?EM JBZBa XW, A9>3ZFQ 3Z &7B:ZL XeFa 3F WZC &F3e E\OE-E\OE Ka:Z :Z OXZ XGjB HO -Wa B\F [U[TO 1O K\ XWj :\[TB 34 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

J8 5, 8]5QLWO 3F BZW\, DeO:\ 1O HQ:eO 3Z 3XFZ XG, A5[L_MQ LP :e 3>9 K\ :Z&Q 3F [Q, (H:ZMZ CZ, WJ LQJa LP DJ 8]3Z XG, 4Z,75a 1MZ? HXFFa 3e 3H&E XW FX", 4]Qa [U[TOQ LP OXE Be >7? LP [:"DZ FX" J8P5ajB DO$WQ &F 8]Ff[BMQ Wa [FH=Fa 3F [Q, &F3< :aJ LP HbWZ K\ FX" XG 1O :e QKZ4 3e :ZFBa XW (>XQ HBZ XG [3 &W &QZ3F LP 3e' K\ [FLOA 3ZM_ [WIa 5[L_MQ LP X; W"KT XGj 1O >7? DJB3 DE 8]3< XGj -W\ XZQB LP H]FTOW 1O Oe:5ZO De 8]Ff[BMN JCZF\M +UZWF 3e K\ KZO; H& OX; XGj 8]5QLWO 3JJa 3F :\[TB Qe5Q 3< 3' [U3ZMBP :ZM: XGj OZXB 3F [Q, OZI7;M %HDZ 3ZM_TZX; DQ (,F?;%O,I) De [DFQ 3F JZD H#8Zj QaX 3Z WeFL $JHBZQ 0TJB XeFa 3F JZD %HDZ $JHBZQ 5bO XZ[:O OXZj &W DfOZF %'=;J\H\ 3Z +a^Z5_X 3>"KZ XgQ $JHBZQ LP BAD;Q Xe 5MZj [DEQ\ [JCB OZI7;M %HDZ +J"EF +Z[E3OA (,F?;,L,) 3F ,3 $[E3ZO; 3Z 3XFZ wzJB XG, A%: K\ %HDZ 3F [Q, JCZF\M +UZWF 1O H][QW 3e X; :]=ZMZ :ZBZ XG, HO F (F3F HZW 3fUQ XG 1O F X; (H3OAjB :Z[XO XG, >7?E QZTa Fa 8aBFa 3< ,3 FW\XB D; XGj ● W]L"B KhZ8ZM_


< F:9OMZ >

H\HQ\ QZ&T Wa Q][=MF QZ&T &

H]:M +W^F TZ:HaM\

F;CZ Be J8Z [QMZ 5MZ HO [T:M, LF5Z...FX" J8a

W 12 $5JB 3e [TDK_ 3F B\F [3WZFe" Fa 4]D3>U\ 3<j 8fGTF WZQ 3F FZFZ >Z3OE MTBLZQ [:Qa 3F LZ"?TZ 5Z"T LP OXBa Caj W_Z&W WZQ 3Z [T:M $@Ej TZ[UL [:Qa 3F :]F]FZ 5NT 3Z OXFa TZQZ CZj H8ZW WZQ 3Z LF5Z LZFa J]Q@ZAZ 3Z OXFa TZQZ CZj M^" [TDK_ 3F [Q, 4]D3>U\ 3OFa TZQa Ma B\F FZL 3e' LZMFa FX" O4Ba XW, 1Me"[3 %: K\ 1WBF XO LX;Fa [TDK_ LP 64 Wa 67 [3WZF 4]D3>U\ 3OBa X; XG"j Qa[3F 12 $5JB 3Z [:" &W[Q, :|O; XG [3 &W\ [DF L]"J' LP %[LO 4ZF :IEL H\HQ\ QZ&T 3Z +\[LMO 3O OXE Caj &Wa DE43O $[LBZK J58F 3e $HFZ 5Z"T MZD % 5MZ 1O JZQ\T]? 3F 3' 3QZ3ZOe" 3e [3WZFe" 3< wD`UZ DE43O 3>9 3OFa 3< &59Z :Z5_B y'j Qa[3F H\HQ\ QZ&T 3F [3WZF F;CZ 3e [3W\ FZM3 3< BOX [FO;XBZ 1O $3FQaHF 3F DD` LP @ZQ JFZ3O J8Z [QMZ 5MZj L5O W"Me5 Wa [TDK_ 3F [3WZFe" 3e J8ZFa 3F [Q, WO3ZO 3< $K\ B3 3e' Me:FZ 3ZL FX" %' XGj MX $Q5 JZB XG [3 WZ@Ej B\F WZQ HXQa +EZFL"2\ 3F OZXB Hb3F: 3F JZD 4]D3>U\ 3OBa [3WZFe" 3< W"2MZ +[B LX;Fa 57 Wa 64 B3 :Z Hy78\j Be [3WZFe" 3e Qa3O WO3ZO K\ H\HQ\ QZ&T XG MZ H\HQ\ QZ&T 3e K\ WO3ZO 3< DC[I= Q5\ y' XG....3XZ 3>9 K\ :Z W3BZ XGj $WQ LP &W W8 3e :ZFFa 3F JZD X; H\HQ\ QZ&T WL; LP % W3B\ XGj >M^: 8bFQQ 3< [DTZ[QMZ LZF[W3BZ LP 5eBZ Q5ZB\ [IEL Fa 8bFQe" 3F (>X;" L\[?MZ 8[O2e" 3e H3&Z XG [:F3< $HF\ ,3 9[T XGj 1O L\[?MZ 3F &F H]zV 1O L[XQZ 8[O2e" 3< XG[WMB [3BF\ XG, &W3Z $"DZ: &WWa K\ Q5ZMZ :Z W3BZ XG [3 H]zV [IEL\ 8[O2 $5O X3<3B LP $HFa $WQ\ 8[O2 LP % :Z, Be QZQ3DIA %?TZA\ WJWa HXQa &7=OGM^ 3F [Q, [3W\ =;T\ L\[?MZ 3F H23ZO 3e 8]Fa5P Be TX MX; U2W Xe5Zj TX" L\[?MZ 8[O2 3e :\Fa TZQ\ L[XQZ K\ [IEL\ L\[?MZ HW_F 3< K^[L3Z 9e& X3<3B LP % :Z, Be M3<F LZ[F, &W T1B DEU 3< WTMWTO...,w[FMZ 3< WJWa BZ3BTO L[XQZ0" LP Wa ,3 We[FMZ 5Z"E\ K\ WJWa HXQa &W\ =;T\ L[XQZ L\[?MZ HW_F 3e &7=OGM^ DEFZ H"WD 3O7a5\j Be 1MZ DEU 3< OZ:F\[B 3F +B\3 JFa FaBZ0" 3e Qa3O K\ $5O 3e' Q][=MF QZ&T JFZ D; :Z, Be >M^: 8bFQe" 3< =;%OH\ 3< B:_ HO W_Z JFZFa 1O J8Z, O4Fa 3F [Q, 5>J"EF IZL^_QZ [D4ZMZ :Z,5Z [:WLP 3K\ W\J\%' Be 3K\ 9X7w;T 3Z QaH Be 3K\ %[C_3 W]EZO LP 6ZMQ XeB\ [T8ZOEZOZ (KOE5\? 1O OZ:F\[B 3F [U4O HO ,3 4ZW HX8ZF JFZ3O Hy78a FaBZ0" 3e K\ [IEL\ 8[O2e" LP @QBa X; Me:FZ0" 3F -QZF 1O (Wa QZ5^ 3OZFa 3< :Ke:XD LP W_Z 3< LQZ' 84Ba y, X; [D4ZMZ :Z,5Zj Xe 3>9 K\ W3BZ XG 1O %F8M_ [3W\ 3e FX" Xe5Z, J[E3 &W3F (Q= Qe5 >XZ3Z Q5ZBa y, [IEL DE4a"5aj

HTZO 3D[V L"2\ XW, L"X5Z' 3< [:CLaDZO; Wa 4]D 3e XLaUZ L]] O4Z 1O 4]D3>U\ 3OBa [3WZFQ 3< [:CLaDZO; OZ7MQ HO L' 3O $HF\ OZ:F\[B3 H^":\ JFZ, O4\j

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 35

Xe W3BZ XG Q][=MF QZ&T 3Z +\[LMO W"WD 3F Wa"7Q XgQ LP Xe 1O WZW"D (W\ BOX >XZ3Z Q5Z,7 :bWa ,3 OZI7;M >M^: 8bFQ LP :J H\HQ\ QZ&T [D4ZMZ 5MZ Be [=?HA\ 1O I>W-I>WZX= MX; (KO; 3< [IEL Fa FA: H3&; Be XG Qa[3F E&3F 9@= 5'j Xe W3BZ XG Q][=MF QZ&T LP MX I>WI>WZX= FaBZ0" 3F J\8 Wa [F3Qaj Qa[3F W8 &BFZ 4BOFZ3 Xe :Z,5Z [3 (W HO [IEL\ H=3CZ 3L:eO Q5P5a 1O W8 3e HDN HO (3FOFa TZQa 5"K\O 3QZ3ZO [WFaLZ' HDN HO 3L:eO Q5a5P 1O OZ:F\[B 3F [U4O HO Jb>E FaBZ [IEL\ HDN WO;4a Xe :Z,75P MX K\ [3WFa We8Z Xe5Zj H\HQ\ QZ&T 3< WJWa 3L:eO 3&; JgQ\T]? 3Z WJWa DLDZO 3QZ3ZO FW\zK;F UZX XG"j :e [IEL LP DEU 3F 3D[V L"2\ JFa XG"j 8^"[3 &W DfO LP O:B HDN Wa &BO X3<3B LP DEU 3F 3D[V L"2\ UOD HTZO 3< K^[L3Z FW\O 3F XO ?gMQZ5 Wa KZO; XG, &W\[Q, FW\O 3Z 6Z6 FaBZ JFFZ K\ 3L:eO Q5BZ XG 1O [WFaLZ' HDT HO MX 3ZML FX" 3O HZBZ :3 FW\O Fa UZFDZO $DZ3ZO; 3<j DEU 3Z W8 MX XG [3 3D[V L"2\ UOD HTZO HO W"WD LP %OeH Q5Ba XG [3 U]5O QgJ\ 3e QZK Hy78ZFa 3F [Q, (>XQFa 8\F\ 3< 3<LB 3Z 387eQ K\ QgJ\ 3F XZC LP X; DE [DMZj 8ZTQ 3< 3ZQZJZ:ZO; 1O :LZ4eOe" 3e OZXB DEFa 3F [Q, 3<LBe" LP J'eBO; 3F W"3FB HXQa DE [D,j L"X5Z' 3< [:CLaDZO; Wa 4]D 3e XLaUZ L]1B O4Z 1O 4]D3>U\ 3OBa [3WZFe" 3< [:CLaDZO; OZ7Me" HO L' 3O $HF\ OZ:F\[B3 H^":\ JFZ, O4\ :e (>X" Qg[JMe" Wa %B\ XG, [:F3F [Q, HTZO 3D[V L"2\ XGj W"WD 3F K\BO Q5a -Wa %OeHe" 3F WZLFa FW\O 3Z $[KFM 1MZ LZMFa O4 HZ,5Z? FW\O WO;4Z W":\DZ 3QZ3ZO [3BFZ JfFZ XG &W OZ:F\[B 3F &W W8 3F WZLFa? 1O MX W8 [3BFZ 4BOFZ3 XG :e Ff3OUZX; 3F [FML-3ZMDe" LP DEU 3F Qe3B"2 3e W"[TEZF Wa JNEBZ 8QZ :ZBZ XGj $5O O:B HDN 3< H=3CZ 3e DE4a" Be [3WZFe" 3< LfB LP K\ Ff3OUZX; $DZQB 3F [FDNUe" 3Z &7B:ZO 3OB\ XG MZ [IO 3ZF^F L"2ZQM Wa [FMLe" 3< :ZF3ZO; LZ"5 3O 4ZLeU OXB\ XGj TX" X3<3B LP [3WZF-%[DTZ[WMe" 3F :"5Q-:L\F 3Z LZLQZ :J %BZ XG A5_X L"2ZQM 3F WJWa J?Ej Ff3OUZX 3e W"[TEZF 3F Ta $F]59ED MZD FX" %Ba [:FLP %[DTZ[WMe" 3F X3 3F WTZQ HO [T3ZW 3< WZO; Q3<O $"WTbEZ[F3 3OZO D; 5' XGj (E=E Ff3OUZX; W"[TEZF 3e $"5^>Z [D4Z3O Qe3B"2 3Z $F^>Z HZ> MX 3X 3O H'ZB\ XG [3 [T3ZW 3F [TOeE 3Z LBQJ %"B3TZD; XeFZ XG 1O &W3F [Q, JZ3ZMDZ 3ZF^F $HFZ 3ZL 3OE5Zj OZMH]O, 3Z"3FO, [JQZWH]O, JJBO, FZ5H]O 1O 8"DiH]O WO;4a De D:_F Wa 7MZDZ UXOe" LP &W\ 3ZF^F 3Z 4fI [D4Z3O WZ'E B\F Wf Wa 7MZDZ Qe5 :aQe" LP J"D XWj $5O UXO 9e& 5NT 3< BOI 3DL J'Z,7 Be [TOeE 3F [Q, 3DL J'ZBa 3LeJaU HZ"8 OZ7Me" 3F B\F Wf Wa 7MZDZ 5NTQ 3F WZ@Ej WZB Wf Qe5Q 3F [4QZI $Q5-$Q5 EZOZ,7 Q5\ y' XG"j :J[3 &F3F [4QZI [3W\ Fa 3e' [U3ZMB FX" 3<j MX; H\HQ\ QZ&T 3Z W8 XGj ● (Qa43 T9OI> =;T\ H23ZO XWj)


< X9OMZAZ >

BO13< 3< [JWZB HO [B3&LQ 3< Hf-JZOX T9OI> TF WaTZ $[E3ZO; Fa 3[FI> 3e INWZ

?Z

MF 3F WZB 6O 9e&Fa 3< LWQ KZOB\M TF WaTZ, 4ZW3O X[OMZAZ LP QZ5^ FX" XeB\j T[OI> $IWO $HF\ BO13< 3F [Q, $HFa :]L_ 3< Q5ZL 3[FI> $IWO 3< 5D`F LP FZC DEBZ 1O 4]D [F3Q :ZBZ XGj B]OO MX XG [3 LZLQZ H3& LP %Fa 3F JZD BO13< OK 3OFa 3< Be vO, DEU 3F WTO[E3 +[B[I>B HMOTOA H]OJ3ZO &7[DOZ [+MD[U_F\ T_^[L2 (%'H\T\,L) Wa &W $IWO 3e FTZ:Fa 3< BbMZ[OMN 8Q OX; XGj [IQXZQ [XWZO +L"?Q 3F TF W"O^3 (38:OTa=O) HD HO BbFZB WF 1986 Jb8 3F %',I,W [TFeD 3>LZO ;Z;[&MZ 3F [4QZI IOTO; 2009 LP OZ7M WB3aBZ %Me5 3F HZW :!D 3F ,3 LZLQa LP :N8 Q"[JB C\j [FMLB# MX $[FTZM_ XG [3 [TKZ5\M BO13< 3La=; (?;H\W\) W"J"[EB $[E3Z[OMQ HO Q"[JB [F5OZF\ :N8 3e W"eZF QaFa 3F JZD X; HDe>F[B 3e Qa3O IHWQZ 3OEj JZT:^D, IOTO; 2009 LP ?;H\W\ 3< Jb>3 LP ;Z;[&MZ 3e TF L"?Q $[E3ZO; (?;,I0) Wa 38:OTa=O JFZ [DMZ 5MZj 5fOBQJ XG, OZ7M WB3aBZ AM^Oe 3Z +L]4 K\ L]2M W[8T X; XeBZ XGj %(=Q]3 3e [LQa DJBZTa:Q Wa %KZW [LQBZ XG, ?;H\W\ 3< Jb>3 Wa HXQa L]2M W[8T 3F D@BO 3F BXB W["M 8f3W\ UZ4Z 3< 5' [OHe=` LP 4aQ [3MZ 5MZj LN5\ 5' [OHe=` HO :FTO; 2010 3e X[OMZAZ 3F L]2M W[8T 3F 8f3W\ [TKZ5 Wa [T_ZM]1B ,T" +EZF W[8T 3e (F $[E3Z[OMQ 3< W^8\ Ka:\ 5', [:F3F [4QZI [T[:QPW :N8 Q"[JB C\j &W H2 LP "L W"2MZ 8ZO LP [TFeD 3>LZO, %',I,W 3Z [:" XG 1O JBZMZ 5MZ XG-[TFeD 3>LZO, %',I,W 3F [TzJ :N8 "LN3 2/09 :!D LP Q"[JB XGj :N8 [OHe=` LXZ[FDEU3, OZ7M 8f3W\ AM^Oe, X[OMZAZ Wa $K\ +Z?B FX" y' XGj DO$WQ 8f3W\ Fa [:W [TFeD 3>LZO 3F [4QZI

:"5Q DO$WQ X3<3B LP 3Z5:\ 1O (DZ,7) ;Z;9&MZ 3F [4QZI [T[:QPW :N8 3Z H2

:!D LP 4][IMZ :N8 Q"[JB XeFa 3< JZB 3X; C\ TX [TFeD 3>LZO 1990 Jb8 3F %',I,W XW 1O [IQXZQ (F3e >7?E La O4Z 5MZ XG 1O MX [TFeD 3>LZO :!D LP 3K\ BbFZB K\ FX" OXEj L]2M W[8T D@BO Wa y, EB3OL Wa FZTZ[3I [TFeD 3>LZO L]5ZQBa LP JFa OXE 1O :]QZ' 2010 3e :J (>XQ $0MMF $T3ZU LP [TDEU :ZFa 3< :|OB H&; Be (>XQFa 4][IMZ [TKZ5 Wa $FZH[_ +LZAH2 DEFa 3F [Q, %TaDF [3MZ :e [3 [TDEU MZ2Z Wa H^T_ [FMLB# $[FTZM_ XGj &W HO 8f3W\ [TKZ5 Fa :e :ZF3ZO; D;, [TFeD 3>LZO 3F XeU (&ZFa 3F [Q, 3ZI< C\j 8f3W\ [TKZ5 3F H2 3F L]BZ[J3, [TFeD 3>LZO 1990 Jb8 3F %',I,W 3F [4QZI :!D LP [T[:QPW LZLQa LP :N8 Q"[JB XGj [TFeD 3>LZO 3< HXQ HO LP :J L]2M W[8T 3F 8f3W\ [TKZ5 Wa wJZOZ :ZF3ZO; LN5\ 5' Be MX; [TKZ5 X[OMZAZ 3F [T_ZM]1B ,T" +EZF W[8T (TF [TKZ5) 3e 15 :]QZ' 2010 [Q4a H2 LP $J :ZF3ZO; DEBZ XG -&W W"J"E LP %H3e W^[8B [3MZ :ZBZ XG [3 :!D :N8 "LN3 2/2009 3\ [TFeD 3>LZO ;Z;[&MZ, 36 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

%'.,I.,W 3F [TzJ XGj &W L]K HO %(=Q]3 Wa ;Z;[&MZ 3Z 3XFZ XG, %H3e MX; FX" HBZ [3 [T[:QPW :N8 XeB\ 1MZ XG? XZQN[3 &WWa HXQa %(=Q]3 3< 0O Wa ;Z;[&MZ 1O OZ7M 3< L]2M W[8T (TU? 5]QZ=; Wa IH1W Wa :ZF3Z[OMN LN5\ 5' C\ HO DeFQ X; Wa 3e' :TZJ FX" [LQZj MXN ;Z;[&MZ 3< 3ZM_UbQ\ 3< ,3 [LWZQ 5fOBQJ XG, ,3 [F:\ Ha7eQ H"H LZ[Q3 Wa WO3ZO; EF 3< TW^Q\ LP 3eBZX; JOB OXE ;Z;[&MZ 3e [Q4a +EZF L]?M TF W"O^3 3F H2 (26 $+bQh 2010) 3F L:L^F HO 5fO 3OQ- -WZ %KZW XeBZ XG [3 %H +Me1BZ ,:b>W\ 3F +[B[F[E XW, ...&W[Q, %H3e FW\XB D; :ZB\ XG [3 %H +Me1BZ ,:b>W\ 3F +[B[F[E 3F BfO HO GMTXZO 3OFa 3< J:ZM ,3 WO3ZO; $[E3ZO; 3< KN[B 3ZM_ 3OQ [:WLP WO3ZO 3F [XB W]O[^B OX W3Fj 5fOBQJ XG, :!D LP $HFa 3ZM_3ZQ 2005-09 3F DfOZF ;Z;[&MZ Fa :e HfEZOeHA [3MZ, (W\ HO (>XQ &7[DOZ [+MDwUF\ T_^[L2 $TZ?` [D, :ZFa 3< BbMZO; 8Q OX; XGj :J[3 %(=Q]3 3F HOW Lf:^D DJBZTa:Q Wa :Z[XO XG, ;Z;[&MZ Fa [FML-3ZMDQ 3e HOE O4 ,3 X; HfEZOeHA ^a2 LP ,3 X; WZC 3' 38HeFP= -J3<L 3F BXB HfEZOeHA [D4ZMZ XGj HMOTOA ,T" TF L"2ZQM 3F OZI7;M TZ[F3< ,T" HZ[O[JC[B3< [T3ZW H[OVD (,F,'?;J\) 3F (H W[8T LeXCLD L]$77ZL Fa :ZF3ZO; D; :3 $TZ?` [D, :ZFa 3F LZLQa LP W"J"[EB $[E3ZO; 3< Me3MBZ 3F JZJB X[OMZAZ WO3ZO 3F TF [TKZ5 Wa [OHe=` LN5Z :Z OX; XGj ● W]L"B KhZ8ZM_


< H&eW >

FaHZQ LP OZ:Fb[B3 5[BOeE

Fa

[T:M +BZH

8ZO H^T_ +EZFL"2\ 9X7v OZI7 3Z 3O OXE XW 5]A5ZF

HZQ 3< W"WD 21 BCZ 23 :]QZ' ,T" $5JB, 2, 6 1O 23 $5JB B3 HN8 JZO +EZFL"2\ 8]FFa 3< $WIQ 3e[UU 3O 8]3< XGj B\WOE 8" 3< $WIQBZ 3F JZD KZOB\M +EZFL"2\ 3F [TUaV vB FMZL UOA Fa K\ 3Z>LN?@ :Z3O &W 5[BOeE 3e WLZa 3OZFa 3< $WIQ 3e[UU 3<j MZD OXE [3 23 FT"JO 2005 3e LZ0TZ[DMQ ,T" WZB W"WD;M HZ[=`MQ 3F J\8 WL;fBa LP KZOB Fa LX;TH^A_ K^[L3Z [FKZ' C\j +EZFL"2\ 8]FFa 3< $5Q\ 3e[UU HN8 [WB"JO 3e [IO Wa Xe5\j Lf:^DZ 5[BOeE 3e 3FTQ FaBZ0", 4ZW 3O H]I3LQ DXZQ (Ia +8"?, 3< W_ZQeQ]HBZ 3F L;Ca L'FZ >;3 FX" Xe5Zj &W3F H\9E WK\ %E][F3 [T8ZOEZOZ0", :bWa (DZOTZD; Qe3B"2TZD;, 5NE\TZD; J\H\ 3e'OZQZ-Qe9XMZ +a[OB WLZ:TZD; ,T" LZ1W_Qa[FF-LZ0 +a[OB 3CM][FJ=Q 3< Tb8Z[O3 5pLp K\ [:CLaDZO XGj JZT:^D, MX JZB JHb WL; QaF\ Xe5\ [3 FaHZQ\ 3N$aW 3F FaB_;T LP +ZO7K y, Qe3BN[23OA 3F W"6V_ 3< 5fOT 3O W3Fa QZM3 $Fa3 (HQ[AEMN XWj 3ZQ4"? 3F &W 9eO Wa U]| 3OQ Be 23 FT"JO 2005 3Z WZB DQQ ,T" LZ0TZ[DMQ 3F J\8 12 W^2\ WL;fBZ FaHZQ 3F Qe3BN[23 W"6V_ 3Z UZMD WJWa LX;TH^A_ DJBZTa: XGj &W\ DJBZTa: LP D:_ 5bO-X[CMZO; Qe3BN[23 W"6V_ 3F W"3EH 3Z X; H[OAZL CZ [3 $+bQ 2006 LP H^OE FaHZQ LP QZ4Q 3< BZDZD LP Qe5 W&3Q HO (BO %, 1O OZ:Z 3e Qe3U[1B 3F WZLFa 6]=Fa =E3 3O :\H\ 3e'OZQZ 3e W_Z WRHF\ H&;j &[BXZW 3< [T?7JFZ X; 3XZ :Z,5Z [3 $+bQ 2006 3F :FNDeQF LP :XN LZ0TZD; UZ[LQ Ca, TX; ,3 L' 2010 3e &W\ DJBZTa: LP GM1B W"3EH 3F [TzJ AW&3 "N[BB 3< LZ0TZD; 3e[UU FaHZQ\ WO3ZO ,T" :FBZ Fa FZ3ZLMZJ 3O D;j MX; $C_ XG &W WL;fBa 3Zj &Wa FaHZQ 3< Jy-W"2M3 :FBZ ,T" W"[TEZF WKZ WX W"WD 3Z WLC_F XGj MX WL;fBZ :FBZ 3< WZT_Kf[L3BZ ,T" Qe3B"2 3F [Q, W"6V_ 3F W"3EH 3Z TbE 6eVAZH2 ,T" %E][F3 FaHZQ 3F &[BXZW 3Z $J B3 3Z WJWa LX;TH^A_ DJBZTa: XGj &WWa LX;TH^A_ DJBZTa: XeBZ FaHZQ 3Z W"[TEZF, [:Wa 28 L' 2010 3e JF :ZFZ CZj Qa[3F wKO3M Wa LZ0TZ[DMQ ,T" W\H\,F (M^,L,Q) 3F ,3 E?Ej 3< Tb8Z[O3 w[TEZ 3F 3ZOA W"[TEZF JFZFa 3Z 3ZL OZ:Fb[B3 5[BOeE 3Z [U3ZO Xe 5MZ XGj &W 5[BOeE 3F [Q, M[D 3e' ,3 L]2M 3ZOA [5FZFZ Xe Be TX XG 3CM][FJ=Q 3Z Tb8Z[O3 W"3=j Fa3HZ (,LZQa) 3F ,3 J&E FaBZ Fa GM[1B5B JZB8\B LP L];a JBZMZ [3 OZ:Z eZFP) 3< :aQ LP WZ'E B\F LX;Fa 3< MZ2Z 3F DfOZF TX WZ'E B\F F, [FI3VU HO H#8a XW# 1. %E][F3 M]5 LP "N[B Qe3BN[23 WLZ:TZD; Lg?Q HO X; Xe W3B\ XG F [3 Qa[FFTZD; Lg?Q HO, 2. HZ=@ 3Z W"5>F K\ Qe3BN[23 %EZO HO JFZMZ :ZFZ 8Z[X, 1O 3. FaHZQ\ 3N$aW 3< Qe3BN[23 K^[L3Z 3e F3ZOFZ ,T" (Wa KZOB\M W_Z +[BI>ZF

2005 3Z WL;fBZ WZT_Kf[L3BZ ,T" Qe3B"2 3F W"6V_, %E][F3 FaHZQ 3Z WJWa LX;TH^A_ DJBZTa: XGj

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 37

3< ,:P= HZ=@ 3F |H LP [8[2B 3OFZ ,3 5QB\ C\j 4. 8\F Fa FaHZQ LP WDZ Qe3B"2 [TOeE\ U[1BMQ 3Z WZC [DMZ XG 1O XLFa (W3< HMOa 1O JHI= %Qe8FZ FX" 3<j $K\ [H9Qa [DFQ H^T_ OZ:Z eZFP) 3< ,3LZ2 Ja=; 3F H[B OZ:\T UZX; LZ0TZ[DMQ 3F H^ LP KZOB\M W_Z +[BI>ZF 3Z WLC_F :]=ZFa 3F [Q, [DEQ\ LP Caj 3N$aW-,LZQa 3e W":eFa TZQa +L]4 FaBZ ,T" H^T_ (H-+EZF L"2\ 3FH\,W 0Q\ Fa B\WO; JZO y, +EZFL"2\ 8]FZT 3F JZD %OeH Q5ZMZ CZ [3 &F 8]FZTQ LP 60 3Oe& zHMZ WNWDQ 3< 4O;D-IOe2B 3F [Q, 48_ [3MZ 5MZ XGj 5fOBQJ XG [3 &W 8]FZT LP BOZ' 3F 11 WNWDQ Fa HZQZ JDQ 3Z 4aQ 4aQZ CZj &W J\8, LZ0TZ[DMQ ,T" OZ:ZTZ[DMQ LP J'B\ [F3=BZ 3F 3' +LZA [LQ OXE XW, vWO; 0O OZ:ZTZD; U[1BMN %HW LP ,3:]= Xe OX; XWj HN8T\ JZO 3F 5[BOeE 3F %Qe3 LP 8ZO OZ:ZTZD; H^T_ +EZFL"[2MQ Fa %HW LP Jb>3O [X7v OZI7 ,T" W"TbEZ[F3 OZ:B"2 3F 5]AQ 3Z J4ZF [IO Wa 3OFZ U]| [3MZ XGj 9ZMZ# ,.,I.H\.

FaHZQ LP W&3Q HO :ZO; %"DeQF vWO; 0O, HN8T\ JZO K\ +EZFL"2\ F 8]Fa :ZFa HO LZ0TZD; HZ=@ 3F +L]4 FaBZ0" 3< +[B["MZ,7 FaHZQ 3F Qe3B"Z[23 K[TIM 3F JZOE LP [8"BZ HbDZ 3OFa TZQ\ XWj &W HO +8"? 3Z 3XFZ XG [3 HZ=@ 3e W"WD, WO3ZO 1O W&3 B\FQ 3e $HFZFZ Xe5Zj vWOE LX;TH^A_ FaBZ LeXF TbL (K^[L5B FZL- [3OA) 3Z 3XFZ XG [3 H]OZF\ 5Q[BMQ 3< WL\^Z 3O B]O7B A"N[B3ZO;B HC HO %5a J'FZ 8Z[X,j LEaU\ HZ[=`MN K\ $HF\ %HW\ =@= 3F 8QBa JyDQ\M Qe3B"2 MZ W"[TEZF [FLOA 3F [Q, 3e' DJZT FX" HbDZ 3O HZ OX; XWj W"[TEZF WKZ 3F TB_LZF U[1B W"B]QF, [:WLP 238 LZ0TZD;, 114 FaHZQ\ 3N$aW, 107 ,LZQa ,T" 82 LEaU\ HZ[=`MQ 3F WDJM XW, LP TB_LZF 5[BOeE 3e 4;L 3OFa 3F [Q, 3fF :e[4L (>Z,5Z? [IQXZQ MX; WTZQ Lf:^ XGj ●


< :ZM:Z >

9ZMZ# ,.H\.

[H9Qa De WZQQ LP J&E OZXB [U[TOQ 3e 9e=E-9e=E 3XHQ LP :|O JN= [DMZ 5MZ XG Qa[3F &BFa TVU LP (>XQ TZHW $HFa 6O :ZFa 3< W]O^Z [DQZFa LP OZ7M WO3ZO Fa 3e' HXQ FX" 3< XGj 3O;J 15 OZXB [U[TOQ LP :ZFa HO MX; [JC[B DE4Fa 3e [LQ\j $HFa %H LP MX J&Z 4fIFZ3 Q5BZ XG Qa[3F W8 MX; XG [3 38ELZQ [:Qa 3F 450 5NTQ LP Wa [:F 415 5NTQ LP WN+DZ[M3 [X7WZ 3< 6=FZ,7 y' C!, TXN De WZQ LP [X7w0" 1O 'WZ&MQ 3F J\8 v[OMN F [WIa J'; XW J[E3 1O H13< MZ L:J^B y' XWj [:F D[QB-%9DTZ[WMQ 3F HZW 4aB\ Me3M :L\F FX" C\, Ta 5NT :ZFa 3e [JE3>Q BbMZO FX" 1MQ[3 (>XQ ?O XG [3 TXN F [WIa (F3< :ZF 3e 4BOZ XG J[E3 TXN (>XQ Oe:5ZO FX" [LQa5Zj (_O; 5]"WO TF ^a2 LP JWa &F 5"ZTQ LP [H9Qa De WZQ Wa :e WN+DZ[M3 BFZT IHQZ XG TX $J E\OE-E\OE JCZM\ |H Qa OXZ XGj 8ZXE TX %F"D OZXB [U[TO Xe MZ (DM[59O 3F [U[TO, &FLP OXFa TZQa D[QB 'WZ' MZ 'WZ' %[DTZW\ TZHW $HFa 5NT :ZFa 3F J:ZM MX" OX3O $HFa H13F L3ZF JFZ OXE XWj MZ[F, ,3 WZQ 3F K\BO &W &QZ3F LP -W\ 9e=;-9e=; J[JBMN F:O %,75\, :XN [WIa 'WZ' D[QB-%[DTZW\ OXQ5a 1O (F3F %W HZW 3F 5NTQ LP [WIa [X7vj MZ[F WN+DZ[M3 !]T\3OA 3< :L\F

'WZ'-%DTZW\-D[QB JyQ &QZ3F LP HWOB\ 9X7w;T OZ:F\[B 5]QLeXO

(

&;WZ LP 6Fa :"5QQ 3F J\8 JWa 38ELZQ [:Qa LP %: K\ WN+DZ[M3 E]hT\3OA FIOB 3< IWQ 3e HZF\ DE OXZ XGj (&;WZ 3< OZ:EZF\ Wa 3O;J 250 [3QeL\=O vO JWa &W %[DTZW\-D[QB JyQ &QZ3F Fa De WZQ HXQa 2008 LP WJWa 4fIFZ3 WN+DZ[M3 [X7WZ 3e ;aQZ CZj [X7v 3hOH"[CMQ Fa J&E W][FMe[:B @75 Wa 88_ 1O 'WZ' D[QBQ-%[DTZ[WMQ 3e [FUZFZ JFZMZ CZj De WZQ LP &W3F :2L KOFa Be vO, DeFQ WL]DZM LP ,3 vWOE 3F +[B FIOB-$[TFTZW 3< D;TZO 1O H]2BZ y' XGj 88_ 0TJB 3OFa TZQa, 6OQ 3e :QZFa TZQa %: K\ 4]Qa%L 6^L OXE XW, (F3F [4QZI 3ZF^F\ 3ZO`TZ' &BF\ E\L\ XG [3 [3W\ 3e >MZM 3< K\ (CL\D FX" XGj K]TFaFTO Wa 38ELZQ 3Z WIO W&3 Wa BM 3OBa y, OZJBa KO 3NT9&Ma F:O %,j JL-JL KeQa 3Z :M6eV 3OBa y, Ma JCZF\M [FTZW\ 38EQ HO 3NT& [Q, HbDQ X; ,3 MZ De 5NT 3< vO; BM 3O OXE Caj 3L (& 3F &F Q&3Q Wa H^9Fa HO HBZ 8QZ [3 [H9Qa 8ZO-HN8 WZQ Wa WZTF 3F LX;Fa LP MX EZ[L_3 $F]I>ZF U]| y% XGj E\OE-E\OE &WLP UZ[LQ XeFa TZQQ 3< 3BZO J' OX; XGj WZLZ>M BfO HO Ma Qe5 3ZT"& Qa3O HZW 3F [TTZ[DB EZ[L_3 FaBZ OXE JTZL\ QiLAZF"D 3F L"[DO B3 :ZBa XWj De WZQ HXQa 25 $5JB 2008 LP &W\ JTZL\ QiLAZF"D 3< X;MZ 3F JZD H^OZ [:QZ $HFa $[JB;T 3< WJWa 4fIFZ3 WN+DZ[M3 [X7WZ 3< [5O@B LP % 5MZ CZj H^OE &QZ3F LP :5X:5X 3ZT"9&MQ 3< TaUK^VZ 1O JZ3< WZ:e-WZLZF

38ELZQ LP $J K\ W]Q5 OX; FIOB 3< %5 ()HO) 38ELZQ LP ETJB 88_ , K]TFaFTO Wa 38ELZQ 3F OZJBa :ZBa 3NT9&, (F\8a JZ,7) 1O F, 6OQ 3F HZW 'WZ'-D[QB H9OTZO (DZ,7) Wa W:\ w3ZFP F:O %xj HBZ 8QZ [3 Ma w3ZFP K\ XZQ LP 8QFa Q5\ XW 1O &F3Z K\ $59Z-4ZWZ 3ZOeJZO XGj MZF\ HN8 9X WZQ HXQa MXN UZMD [:W EZ[L_3 +CZ 3Z FZLQaTZ F CZ, TX J&E We8a WL;a @75 Wa IHQZ' :Z OX; XG 1O (W3Z JZ:ZO 8Q [F3QZ XG, :e MXN 3F UADQ LP &WLP JZXO; Qe5Q 3Z XZC XGj &W3F WZC X; WZC H^OE &QZ3F LP Ba:\ Wa XF]LZF L"[DOQ 3Z 8QF J'Z XGj MXN B3 [3 @ZJQ LP K\ XF]LZF 3F J&EJ&E HeJ=O [D4Z' DEBa XWj &W &QZ3F 3F %[DTZ[WMQ-D[QBQ 3F [Q, :e 3e[8"5 WP=O, Ub^[A3 W"JCZ0" 3F XQ[?c3W Q5a XW B3O;JF WK\ LP OZbf\M JTM"WaT3 38 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

W"6 (%O,W,W) 3F W"JCZH3 ?g. 3FUT J[QOZL XE?5aTZO 3Z FZL :]&Z XGj -Wa X; ,3 W"JCZF 3F 3>9 Q&3Q Wa :J XE?5aTZO 3F JZOE LP H^9Z Be 7MZDZBO Fa $F[KeBZ :BZ', 3>9 Fa 3XZ [3 [X7v OZI7 3F [Q, Q&Fa TZQa FaBZ Caj JZXO Wa DE43O 3XZ W3BZ XG [3 &W 'WZ'-%9DTZW\-D[QB JyQ &QZ3F LP Ba:\ Wa 9X7w;T OZ:F\[B 3F B;T $HF\ H#8 JFZ OXE XWj &W LZXfQ 3F J\8 OZXB [U[TOQ LP HWOE BFZT 3e %WZF\ Wa WL;Z :Z W3BZ XGj :e %[DTZW\, D[QB :ZF J8Z3O $HFa :Qa-Q]=E L3ZFQ 3e 9e&3O KZ5a Ca, (FLP Wa $[E3NU %: K\ TZHW $HFa 5NT FX" :Z HZ, XWj (F3F [Q, $J OZXB [U[TOQ 3F HZW X; (F3F 6O JF 5, XWj E\OE-E\OE &>X" [U[TOQ 3F HZW (>XQ WO3ZO Fa :L\F DE D; XG 1O Ta 4]D LaXFB L:vO; 3O3F (F HhQ HO 6O JFZFa LP :]=E y, XWj ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 39


< :ZM:Z > 1O H]2BZ XeB\ :Z OX; XGj &Wa >;3 3OFa 3F [Q, OZ7M WO3ZO 3e' 3DL (>ZFa 3F J:ZM &Wa HOe^ |H Wa LDD X; H#8Z OX; XGj OZ7M WO3ZO &F Qe5Q 3e TZHW 5NT Ka:Fa 3F J:ZM OZXB [U[TOQ 3F %W-HZW X; Ce&; :L\F DE OX; XGj 1O L3ZF JFZFa 3F [Q, %[C_3 LDD K\ L]XGMZ 3OZ OX; XGj 88_ K\ &W 3ZL LP LDD 3O OXZ XGj 8ZXE TX (DM[59O 3JJa LP JFa OZXB [U[TO LP Ja[=3QZ 5NT 3F W":\T 9?5Q XQ MZ ?Z3HZQZ 5NT 3F W]:ZB 9?5Q MZ %F"D OZXB [U[TO LP OXFa TZQa J]Q]3>LZO [?5Q MZ U"3OZ3>Q 5NT 3< )fHD; 1O (F3F :bWa Wb3&Q D[QB 'WZ' :e OZXB [U[TO 3e X; $HFZ JCZM\ 6O JFZ, y, XW 1O MX" HO $HFa K[TIM 3e W":eFa 3< BbMZO; LP :]=E XWj MX" Wa (F3F J~a HZW 3F J3AQQ LP H'Fa :ZFa Q5a XWj [:F 5NTQ LP 'WZ' D[QBQ BCZ 'WZ' %[DTZ[WMQ 3F HZW 4aB\ Me3M :L\FP XW, TXN TX TZHW % 5, XWj -WZ X; ,3 5NT XG JZ[38[5MZj MXN 'WZ' D[QBQ-%[DTZ[WMQ 3F 3O;J 300 6O <e, :e H^O; BOX :QZ [D, 5, Caj De WZQ JZD $J Ma Qe5 TZHW %3O MXN $HFa 6O JFZ OXE XWj MXN 3Z 88_ H^O; BOX Wa 4"?XO Xe 5MZ XG 1O &W3F [Q, $K\ HbWZ FX" %MZ XGj MXN D[QB 'WZ' 1O %[DTZW\ 'WZ' [LQ3O $HFa :Qa y, 6O JFZBa y, F:O %Ba XWj 8aXOE HO HZO7H[O3 5eDFZ 3OZ, %[DTZW\ )fHD; +EZF W6F ;][O`MQ LP $HF\ [8"BZ0" 3e [9HZ, 3XB\ XW, AMa Qe5 (5NT 3F [X7v) XLZOE TZHW %Fa Wa JyB FZOZ: XWj %Fa HO (>XQFa 3XZ [3 XL HXQa [X7v JFP BK\ MXN OX W3Ba XW, 3ZL 3O W3Ba XWj J&; L][F3Q Xe OX; XG MXN OXFa LP Qa[3F $J XL MX" OXQ5aj DE4Ba XW 1MZ XeBZ XGjB D[QB 'WZ' WL]DZM 3F 8")3NB FZM3 [H9Qa 10 TVU Wa MXN 88_ LP HZJ=O (9e=E HZDO;) 3Z 3ZL 3O OXE XW, (>XQFa JBZMZ [3 $K\ &W 5NT LP De Wf 6OQ 3F 9X7v BCZ %W-HZW 3F vWOE 5NTQ 3F [X7v %3O &F Qe5Q 3e EL3Z OXE XW [3 Ta $HFa L]3DLa TZHW QP 1O JBZ,7 [3 JTZL\ QiLAZF"D 3e [3WFa LZOZ, (W\ 3F JZD (>XQ MXN [IO Wa JWFa [DMZ :Z,5Zj 'WZ'MQ 3e MXN 4aB\ 3OFa LP K\ JyB L][F3Q Xe OX; XG 1MQ[3 )HO 3F 4aB [X7w0" 3F XW 1O Ta F\8a 'WZ&MQ 3F 4aBQ 3Z HZF\ Oe3 DEBa XWj De WZQ HXQa :e K\VA [X7WZ 3Z DfO 8QZ CZ, (W3F De[VMQ 3F [4QZI 3e' J&; 3ZF^F\ :\B FX" XZ[WQ y' XG, &W[Q, K\ MXN

9ZMZ# ,.H\.

38ELZQ LP =@=Z y% 6O ()HO) 1O OZXB [U[TOQ LP 5]:O JWO 3O OXE 'WZ'-D[QB H9OTZO &WZ'MQ 3F LF LP 4fI XGj 'WZ&MQ HO y, XLQa 3< 3>Q 32,032 [U3ZMBP D:_ y' <Z!, [:FLP Wa [WIa 831 LZLQa D:_ y, 1O &FLP Wa K\ 200 3F 3O;J LZLQa J"D Xe 5, XWj W]FTZ' [WIa 189 LZLQQ LP U]| 40 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

y' XGj 3ZF^F\ +["MZ 3< E\L\ 5[B 3e DE43O $J H\[&B K\ H\9E X=Fa Q5a XWj %[4O (>XQ $HF\ :\[T3Z K\ 8QZF\ XG 1O Q5ZBZO EL[3MQ 3e ;aQFa LP Ta 4]D 3e $WLC_ HZ OXE XWj WIQBZ 3F FZL HO [WIa KZOB\M :FBZ HZ=@ (>XQ [TEZM3 LFe: +EZF 3< [5O@BZO; X; y' XG, XZQN[3 B]O7B X; (>XQ :LZFB K\ [LQ 5'j LFe: +EZF HO X;MZ 1O %5:F\ 3F 14 LZLQa D:_ y, Ca, [:FLP Wa 7 LP TX JO; Xe 5, [WIa ,3 LP X; W:Z y'j -Wa LP H\[&BQ 3Z LFeJQ [5O OXZ XGj &W &QZ3F 3< [:W JTM"WaT\ W"JCZ :F [T3ZW 3e WJWa 7MZDZ %5:F\ 1O JJ_O [X7WZ 3Z WZLFZ 3OFZ H&Z 1O [:W3F D@BO LP X; 9X7w;TTZD; (H)[TMQ Fa [DGM 7Me[B 3< [WJ=O L\FZ 3F WZC WZL^[X3 JQZ;3ZO [3MZ CZ, TX; &W 3ZF^F\ Q&Z' 3e K\ 8QZ OX; XGj XZQN[3 Fe5L 3JJa LP JFZ &W3Z D@BO $J K\ ;]QWZ y% XG 1O &Wa LDD 3F [Q, 3e' EFOZ[U FX" [LQ\ XGj HZW X; [DGM 7Me[B 88_ 3< [4&[3MN vO Wa X; =@=; F:O %B\ XW 1O $"DO 3< &LZOB K\ ;]QW\ y' XGj 38ELZQ &QZ3F LP 229 88_ Be&E 1O :QZ, 5, Ca, Ta TbWa X; XWj [WIa IAQJF\ 3F 88_ 3e 9e&3Oj U"3OZ3eQ 3JJa 3Z 3HC[Q3 88_ H^O; BOX Wa 4"?XO Xe 8]3Z XGj &W3F 74 WZQ 3F IZDO ,Qa1:P?O 5R?; Fa JBZMZ [3 &QZ3F LP QiLAZF"D WOJTB\ 1O (F3F WLC_3Q MZOZ 'WZ&MQ 3F [4QZI FIOB 2004-2005 Wa X; W][FMe[:B @75 Wa IHQZ' :Z OX; C\j TV_ 2008 LP y% &BFZ J&Z WN+DZ[M3 (H)T &W\ 3Z FB\:Z CZj 88_ :QZFa 3F JZD (W3Z WZOZ WZLZF, MXN B3 [3 DOTZ:a, [4&[3MN WJ HZW 3F 5NT TZQa Qa 5,j MX IZDO 8V?; 3F [Q, JyB w4DZM3 CZj &W [T0T"W 3F [Q, WO3ZO Wa L]%T:a 3F BfO HO 88_ 3e [WIa 10 X:ZO zHMa X; [LQa, [:Wa IZDO :2LQ HO FL3 [9&3Fa 3F WLZF LZFBa XWj &W 88_ 3F %WHZW 3 Qe5Q 3e LZO ?ZQZ 5MZ CZ IZDO Fa JBZMZ [3 Ta H[OTZO $J 3K\ MXN TZHW FX" % W3Ba 1MQ[3 (>XQFa LZOFa TZQQ HO 3FW 3O O4Z XGj XZQN[3 IZDO 3Z LZFFZ XG [3 $J [JC[BMN E\OE E\OE WZLZ>M Xe OX; XWj 88_ LP 10-12 Qe5 H^:Z 3F [Q, % :ZBa XWj HXQa 50-60 %MZ 3OBa Caj IZDO 3e K\ Q5BZ XG [3 FIOB 3< MX 4Z' H=Fa 3F J:ZM W\LP= Wa H13< Xe OX; XG, :e Lf:^DZ UN[B 3e 3K\ K\ ;]QWZ W3B\ XWj ●


LF\ [:"WQ LP

TZMDZ 3OeJZO =gH CM]8^$Q I8?# [BLZX; WL\^Z ● M^=;%' 3Z :Z5z3BZ $[KMZF ● ● z3R5a [FMZL3 W"JCZ0" 3F [TTZD ● ● ●

%(=Q]3 LF\

[FTaU OZ[E3Z 5]?BZ

[:"

WQ 3F GMZHZO 3Z $F]KT QaFa 3Z WJWa W\EZ OZJBZ XG GZZMDZ 3ZOeJZOj &W 3ZOeJZO 3< Qe3[+MB I>=3O [FTaU3Q 3F J\8 Ba:\ Wa J' OX; XGj XZQN[3 FMZ JZ:ZO XeFa 3< T:X Wa $K\

-Wa 3OQ U]z%B [:"WQ LP 3ZOeJZO 3< U]z%B 3HWa 3OE"? 4ZBZ 4eQFa Wa Qa3O GMZHZO 3OFa B3 :Z[F, J][FMZD; JZBP JyB Wa [FTaU3 HXQ\ JZO LP TZMDZ 3ZOeJZO 3OFa 3< +["MZ 3F JZOE LP X; JHbBZ FX" XG, &W3< JZO;[3MQ 3< Be JZB X; 9e& DQj FMZ GM[1B [:"WQ 3F TZMDZ 3ZOeJZO LP 3DL 3HWa O4a, &W3Z BO;3Z MXN JBZMZ :Z OXZ XG# 4ZBZ 4eQFZ# KZOB LP [:"WQ 3Z TZMDZ 3ZOeJZO ,LW\,1W 1O ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 41

,FW\?;',1W LP XeBZ XGj 1Le[53 1O 3<LB\ 0ZZB]0" LP BOQBZ WJWa 7MZDZ ,LW\,1W LP XeB\ XG 1O :J[3 3D[V [:"WQ LP ,W\?;',1W LPj TZMDZ 3OeJZO U]| 3OFa 3F [Q, [3W\ [FTaU3 3e &F DeFQ $CTZ [3W\ ,3 ,1W8P: LP ,3 3Le[?=; 7E[?75 ,3Z(7= 4]QTZFZ H&BZ XGj MX 4ZBZ [3W\ H":\3DB 'e3O 3F LZ0ML Wa 4]QBZ XGj MX [JE3>Q ,[1T=; 'e[385


3O [DMZ :ZBZ XGj $5O $F]J"0Z 3< 3<LB 3F L]3ZJQa JyB 7MZDZ [5OZT= D:_ XeB\ XG Be &WWa %H3< H^O; LZ[:_F OZ[U 4;L Xe W3B\ XGj -W\ [JC[B LP %H3e $[B[O1B OZ[U LZ[:_F 3F BfO HO :LZ 3OZF\ H&B\ XGj &W[Q, %H :e K\ HbWZ Q5Z,7, [:BFZ K\ :e[4L (>Z,7, IHWQZ We8 WL;3O QPj

$3Z(7= :bW\ +["MZ XGj $[0Z3BO $$A\ 'e3O MX WaTZ DEBa XWj &W3F $QZTZ 'e3O [:"WQ HO [OHe=` %[D K\ L]XGMZ 3OZBa XWj [:"WQ 3F >E3F # :J [FTaU3 3Z 4ZBZ 4]Q 8]3Z XeBZ XG Be TX ,1W8P: HO GM[1B5B $F]J"EQ 3< 4O;D-IOe2B U]| 3O W3BZ XGj &W JZB 3Z 2MZQ O4P [3 :J %H TZMDZ 3ZOeJZO 3OBa XW Be %H 3e' H9OW"H[_ FX" 4O;DBa J[E3 ,3 [T_\M (;HZD 4O;DBa XW [:W3Z L]FZIZ (1B H9OW"H[_ 3F L]FZIF Wa :]&Z XeBZ XGj WeFa 3F TZMDZ 3ZOeJZO LP XeFa TZQZ IZMDZ Kf[B3 $TJCZ LP WeFa 3F ,3DL JOZJO F Xe3O (W\ 3F $F]|H XeBZ XGj [:"WQ LP LZ[W3 $F]J"E XeBa XWj (DZXOA 3F BfO HO, $5JB LP [3, 5, $F]J"0Z 3Z [XWZJ-[3BZJ $5JB 3F %[4O; WaZX LP [3MZ :Z,5Zj [3W\ K\ WLM, ,3 [:"W 3F [Q, De MZ (WWa K\ 7MZDZ $F]J"0Z XeBa XW, ,3 XZQ[IEZXZQ (Lf:^DZ LX;Fa 3Z) 3Z 1O vWOZ JZD ($5Qa LX;Fa 3Z) 3Zj :e XZQ 3Z $F]J"0Z XeBZ XG TX %LBfO HO BOQ XeBZ XG 1O :e JZD 3Z $F]J"0Z WLM W\LZ H^O; XeFa 3F JZD X; BOQBZ +Za 3OBZ XGj XO $F]J"0Z 3< ,3 [F[F8B 3<LB XeB\ XGj (DZXOA 3F BfO HO, WeFa 3Z ,3 $F]J"0Z 10 $ZL WeFa 3Z Xe W3BZ XG 1O &W\ [XWZJ Wa &W3F DZL XQ5aj [:"WQ 3Z TZMDZ 3ZOeJZO U]| 3OFa 3Z %WZF BO;3Z MX XG [3 [3W\ WZLZ>M [:"W :bWa WeFa 3Z ,3 3O;J\ $T[E $F]J"0Z 4O;DZ :Z,j

$F]J"0Z 3< 4O;DIOe2B# [3W\ [:"W LP 3ZOeJZO 3OFa 3F [Q, %H3e ,1W8P: HO %H3e 5]":Z&U MZF\ LZ[:_F :LZ 3OFZ Xe5Zj LZ[:_F 10 Wa 20 I<WD; 3F J\8 Xe W3BZ XG :e &W JZB HO [FK_O 3OBZ XG [3 %H [3BF\ O3L Q5ZFa 3Z :e[4L (>ZFZ 8ZXBa XWj LWQF, $5O %H

U]z%B MXZ" Wa

3XZ" XeB\ XG =Ef9?75 ■ KZOB

LP 3Le[?=; TZMDZ 3Z 3ZOeJZO

,LW\,3W 1O ,FW\?;',1W LP XeBZ XGj ■ [:"WQ

LP LX;Fa KO 3F >E3F XeBa XWj

■ GMZHZO

3OFa 3F [Q, %H3e ,3W8P:

HO LZ[:_F D:_ 3OZFZ H&BZ XGj 8Z"D; LP ,3 QZ4 zHMa Q5ZFZ 8ZXBa XW Be %H3e $HFa 'e3O 3F HZW 10,000-20,000 zHMa F5D; 3F |H LP :LZ 3OZFa XQ5aj 8Z"D; 3F KZT LP JDQZT 3< T:X Wa %HFa [:W KZT HO $F]J"E [QMZ XG (WLP :3W\ JDQZT 3e &W\ 3HU LZ[:_F OZ[U LP WLZMe[:B 42 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

0MZF O4P# WJWa HXQ\ JZB-K[TIM LP [3, 5, $F]J"0Z 1O [:"W 3< Lf:^DZ 3<LB 3F JZOE LP 0MZF O4Pj [3W\ $F]J"E LP $=3QQ 1O 4O;D-IOe2B 3F $F]WZO MX $"BO 3L MZ 7MZDZ Xe W3BZ XGj $Q5-$Q5 WLM 1O $F]J"EQ LP K\ I3a 3L MZ 7MZDZ Xe W3BZ XGj vWOZ L]KZ XG BOQBZj [:"W TZMDE 4ZWBfO HO 7MZDZ 5eHF\M XeBa XW 1O :|O; FX" [3 Ma HO7HOZ5B [FTaU :bWa QZ:_ 3HH ,[1T[=: [:BFa BOQ XQj &W\[Q, 7MZDZ J&Z DZ"T 4aQFa Wa (1B WfDE 3< BOQBZ 3e >;3 Wa WL; QPj 8^"[3 TZMDZ 3ZOeJZO LP LZ[W3 $F]J"E XeBa XW &W[Q, XO LX;Fa WLZa Xe :ZBa XW 1O %H3e $5Qa LX;Fa 3F [Q, $HF\ [JC[B F, [WOE Wa D:_ 3OZF\ XeB\ XGj $5O %H $HFa $F]J"0Z 3e [IO Wa D:_ FX" 3OBa XW Be $F]J"0Z -Wa DZL HO BM Xe :Z,5Z [:WWa %H3e F]3WZF XeFa 3< %U"3Z XGj WLM $T[0Z WLZa XeFa 3< [B[C 3Z 0MZF O4P 1O FMZ WfDE 3F KZT 3F JZOE LP $HFa 'e3O Wa LU[TOZ 3OBa OXQj %[4O JZB MX XG [3 3' [:"WQ LP WO3ZO; D4Q 3< T:X Wa :e[4L 7MZDZ XeBZ XGj WhaJZ:\ 3F 8QBa 3' :|OB 3< 8\:Q 3< LN5 1O %H^[B_ 3F J\8 $W"B]QF HbDZ Xe W3BZ XG, -Wa LP TZMDZ JZ:ZO %Me5-,I,LW\ -W\ [:"WQ 3F 4O;D-[J"< LP 3>9 WLM 3F [Q, Oe3 Q5Z W3BZ XGj -WZ XZQ X; 3F [DFQ LP 3D[V [:"WQ :bWa 8\F\ LP 6[=B Xe 8]3Z XGj %H [:W [:"W LP 3ZOeJZO 3O OXE XW (WLP &W BOX 3F LZLQa 3e Qa3O WB3a OXQj [:"WQ 3F 3ZOeJZO LP 0Z\OE-0Z\OE XZC %:LZ,7 1O $F]J"E DO $F]J"E J'Ba 8Qa 1O $HF\ [FTaU W^8\ MZF\ He=`Ie[QMe 3e 3ZJ^ LP O4Pj ● editor@outlookmoney.com


%(=Q]3 LF\

4JOQ LP =;FZ :bF 3fUQ

$

J MX WZI Xe 5MZ XG [3 [FMZL3Q 3F J\8 XeFa TZQa [TTZD LP [T_ L"2ZQM X; %[4O; IHWQZ Qa5Zj &W JZOE LP ,3 [TTZDZJHD [TEaM3 3e Qe3 WKZ Fa XZQ X; LP HZ[OB [3MZ XGj &Wa HXQa [T_ L"2ZQM MZOZ $0MZDEU 3F BfO HO O4Z 5MZ CZj &W [TEaM3 Fa 8ZOQ [T_\M [FMZL3Q 3F J\8 W"Me:F 3OFa TZQ\ W"JCZ 3F BfO HO KZOB\M [O:T_ JV3 (%OJ\%') 3< K^[L3Z 3e W\[LB 3O [DMZ XGj $K\ [3W\ K\ $XL [FMZL3 MZ F\[B W"J"E\ LWQQ HO H^":\ JZ:ZO HO JF\ (58 JBO;M W"Me:F W[L[B (,8,QW\W\) LP [T8ZO [3MZ :ZFZ :|O; XeBZ XGj F, [TEaM3 Fa &W JZB 3e K\ WZI 3O [DMZ XG [3 F, 3ZF^F 3F BXB JFZ' :ZF\ TZQ\ W[L[B 3F IHWQa [O:T_ JV3, WaJ\, %'%O?;, 1O H\,I%O?;, 3F [Q, JZ0M3ZO; XQ5aj LZQ^L XeFZ 8Z[X, [3 ,8,QW\W\ 3F IHWQQ 3e &W BOX 3< 3ZF^F\ BZ3B (HQAE FX" C\j :ZFa-LZFa $C_UZJ2\ 1O +EZFL"2\ 3F L]2M %[C_3 WQZX3ZO O6]OLF :\ OZ:F Fa [T_\M ^a2 LP W]EZO 3F [Q, $HF\ W[L[B 3< [OHe=` LP [Q4Z, A&F

[TTZD 3e [TOZL

Qe3 WKZ LP [TEaM3 HZ[OB XeFa 3F JZD %[4O; IHWQa 3Z $[E3ZO [T_ L"2ZQM 3F HZW @Z"8Q 3F JZT:^D W[L[B Wa JZB 3OFa TZQa [FMZL3Q 3Z LZFFZ XG [3 W"Me:F 1O JZB8\B (BF\ +KZT\ FX" XG [:BF\ XeF\ 8Z[X,j (DZXOA 3F BfO HO ,8,QW\W\ 3< Jb>3 LP $XL LWQQ HO 88O 3L X; XeB\ OX; XGj XLZOZ LZFFZ XG [3 MX [8"BZ:F3 XG 1O &W3F (HZM [3, :ZFa 8Z[X,jB (>XQFa &W [OHe=` LP ,3 W"Me:F H[OVD JFZFa 3< [WIZ[OU 3< XGj Lf:^DZ H[ODCFM HO OZ:F Fa [Q4Z XG, AMX W"M]1B W[L[B (W\ BOX 3< XeF\ 8Z[X, :bWZ MX W[L[B W];Z OX; XGj &W3F Je?` LP [T_ L"2ZQM 1O [O:T_ JV3 3F XeFa 3< T:X Wa :|O; :Z"8-HO4 3Z J"DeJJB OXE5Zj W[L[B 3e W^iL-+J"EF 3e +KZT\ JFZFa Wa K\ J8FZ 8Z[X,jB W"Ue[EB [TEaM3 LP MX K\ WZI [3MZ 5MZ XG [3 [WIa 8ZOQ [FMZL3 X; W[L[B 3F HZW % W3Ba XWj [T_ L"2ZQM 4]D X; [3W\ LWQa 3e &W W"M]1B W[L[B 3F WL^ FX" O4 W3BZ XGj [O:T_ JV3 3F 5TF_O 3e &W W"M]1B W[L[B (HZ0M^ JFZMZ 5MZ XGj XZQZ"[3, [TEaM3 LP MX JZB WZI FX" XG [3 %[4O MX W"M]1B W[L[B $HFa IHWQa 3HWa Qa5\j [TEaM3 3F L]BZ[J3, AW"M]1B W[L[B :|O; +:"MZ 3e 0MZF LP O4Ba y, &Wa $HFZ,5\ 1O (H4"?-3 3F BXB

$XL B<M

● IHWQa Fa [O:T_ JV3 3< K^[L3Z 3O D; XG W\[LB ● [WIa

[FMZL3 :Z W3Ba XW W"M]1B W[L[B 3F HZW, [T_ L"2ZQM 4]D 3e' LWQZ FX" (>Z W3BZ

D; 5' BZO;4 Wa B\F LX;Fa 3F $"DO $HFZ IHWQZ 3F"Di WO3ZO 3e DE5\jB 18 :^F 3Z $0MZDEU L]2M BfO HO M^[QH 3F [FMLF 3e Qa3O WaJ\ 1O %'%O?;, 3F J\8 8Q OXE [TTZD 3e W]Q;ZFa 3F [Q, HaU [3MZ 5MZ CZj &WFa De LX;Fa Wa 8Q OXE [TTZD 3e [TOZL [DMZ 1O M^[QH 3F [FMLF 3Z ,3LZ2 $[E3ZO; %'%O?;, 3e JBZMZj 8[Q,, DeFQ [FMZL3Q 3F J\8 3F ;5&E 3e W"^aH LP :ZFBa XWj &W [TTZD 3< U]z%B 14 $+bQ 3e y' :J WaJ\ Fa 14 J\LZ 38H[FMQ 3e Fe[=W :ZO; 3O [DMZj &WLP MX H^9Z 5MZ [3 %[4O Ta CM]8]$Q I8? 3< BOX J5bO [FMZL3Q 3Z HZQF [3, y, 3HWa [TU]J [FTaU Me:FZ,7 Ja8 W3Ba XW? WaJ\ Fa 3XZ [3 M^[QH LP CM]8]$Q I8? TZQ\ WZO; [TUaVBZ,7 XW :bWa Qe5Q Wa HbWZ :]=ZFZ 1O $Q5-$Q5 :5XQ HO [FTaU 3OFZ 1O &W[Q, &F Me:FZ0" 3e WaJ\ LP H":\3DB 3OTZMZ :ZFZ 8Z[X,j &W [TTZD LP WO3ZO Fa D4Q [DMZ 1O MX BM y% [3 DeFQ [FMZL3 $DZQB LP &W LZLQa 3e W]Q;Z,75aj LZLQa 3< W]FTZ' (58BL >MZMZQM LP :]QZ' LP XeF\ C\ Qa[3F $0MZDEU 3F :[O, [TTZD 3e [TOZL DE [DMZ 5MZj XZQZ"[3, -WZ Q5 OXZ XG [3 &W LWQa HO %[4O; IHWQZ $K\ [QMZ :ZFZ XGj 9DEQ\ 3< ,3 JTB"2 UeE ,:PW\ H\%O,W Qa[:JQa[=T [OW8_ 3Z 3XFZ XG, A3ZF^F $0MZDEU 3F :[O, JFZ XG F [3 [TEaM3 3F :[O,j MX WZI FX" XG [3 $0MZDEU 3< :|OB [3W\ %HZB [JC[B Fa HbDZ 3< XGj TbWa, WO3ZO Fa &W JZOE LP 3e' 3ZOA FX" [DMZ XG [3 %[4O 1MQ M^[QH 3Z [FMLF WaJ\ 3< J:Z, %'%O?;, 3e X; 3OFZ 8Z[X,jB -Wa LP MX DE4FZ Xe5Z [3 %[4O F' Me:FZ [3W BOX +KZT\ WZ[JB XeB\ XGj ● editor@outlookmoney.com

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 43


[T_\M %:ZD; 3Z 3ZOTN

%(=Q]3 LF\

M^=;%' CM]8]$Q I8? 3Z DEUGMZH\ :Z5z3BZ $[KMZF :eO HO XGj %(=Q]3 LF\ &W3Z Q5ZBZO 3TOE: 3O OXZ XG 1O &W HXQ 3Z WZC DE OXZ XG L^M]8]$Q I8? W]F\Q ETF

M^

=;%' 3Z FgQa: 3ZOTZ" [:Wa JTB"2BZ-MeO :[F_ =@ IZ&FP[UMQ ,<?L FZL [DMZ 5MZ XG, $HFa WIO HO [F3Q 8]3Z XGj M^=;%' 3< 0O Wa &W [FTaU3 :Z5z3BZ $[KMZF 3e DEUKO LP U]| [3MZ XG [:WLP KZOB WO3ZO 3Z 3gOHeOE= LZLQQ 3Z L"2ZQM K\ KZ5\DZO XGj 3gOHeO= LZLQQ 3F L"2ZQM 3F W[8T %O. J"DeHZ0MZM Fa 10 :]QZ' 3e HeOJ"DO Wa XO; ;"?; [D4Z3O &Wa OTZFZ [3MZj BJ Wa MX 3ZOTZ" :ZO; XG 1O 5 $5JB, 2010 B3 35 UXOQ 3e 3TO 3O 8]3Z XGj &W AJTB"2BZB 3F 3' L3WD XWj &W3Z QiM CM]8]$Q I8? (;HZDQ 3F JZOE LP :ZF3ZO; 1MZ %H :ZFBa XW? M^=;%' ,L,I Me:FZ DE3O [FTaU3Q 3e WU1B ,F,WW\ 3F L"8- ,L,I 3OFZ XG [:WWa [3 TX F [WIa [JF [3W\ [X83 MZ W[T_W [WJ=L HO K\ 6JOZX= 3F &F (;HZDQ LP (HQAE XWj [FTaU 3O W3R J[E3 K[TIM 3F [Q, BbMZO OXEj CM]8]$Q I8? 3F W"DK_ LP, ,3 [FTaU3 [T[KB J8B 1O 3LZ' 3F OZJBQ 3F :[O, $HF\ [T_\M [8"BZ0" Wa L][1B HZ W3BZ XGj &W HXQ 3F :[O, M^=;%' 3ZOTZ" B3O;JF 100 [DFQ LP 300 UXOQ LP WIO 3O OXZ XG 1O [:WLP K[TIM 3F [FTaU3Q 1O 3L (& 3F J8B3BO0" 3F [Q, [FTaU3 LaQa %Me[:B [3, :Z OXE XWj &W 3ZOTN LP %Me[:B XeFa TZQ\ WKZ0" LP [XJWZ QaFa TZQa Qe5Q 3e [T_\M [FMe:F 3< J][FMZD; JZBQ

%L WTZQ ,[1T=; CM]8]$Q I8? 1MZ XG? QZ:_ 3HH 1O [L? 3HH ,[1T=; I8? 3F J\8 1MZ I3a XG? UaMO JZ:ZO Wa I8? :]=ZFa 3F [Q, 38H[FMQ 3F WZLFa 3' OZJBa XeBa XWj (FLP Wa ,3 XG- [XJWaDZO; MZF\ ,[1T=; UaMO Ja83O HbWZ :]=ZFZj CM]8]$Q I8?KW [FTaU3Q 3< 0O Wa &F UaMOQ LP [FTaU 3OBa

1O CM]8]$Q I8? Wa :]&; EZOAZ0" 3F JZOE LP $59E BO;3F Wa WL;ZMZ :ZBZ XGj 4ZW3O [T_\M QiMQ 3e XZ[WQ 3OFa 3F [Q, &F3< LDD 3HWa Q\ :Z,j :bWZ [3 M^=;%' CM]8]$Q I8? 3F 8\I LZ3O[=75 2[IWO :MD;H KhZ8ZM_ 3XBa XW, AKZOB LP CM^8]$Q I8?Q 3< Hy78 3ZI< 3L XGj MX HXQ DEU KO LP [FTaU3 :Z5z3BZ J'ZFa, 3LZ' 3F OZJBa 4eQFa 3F WZC-WZC [T_\M WQZX DEFa LP LDD5ZO WZ[JB Xe OX; XGjB ()HO) M^=;%' 3Z FgQa: 3ZOTZ" :ZLF5O 1O KZTF5O UXOQ Wa 5]:OZ, (JZ,7) M^=;%' LM]8]$Q I8? 3F 8\I LZ3O[=75 LbFa:O :MD;H KhZ8ZM_, MX 3ZOTZ" 100 [DF LP 300 UXOQ Wa 5]:OE5Z 1O KZT\ [FTaU3Q Wa W"H3a 3O (>XQ :ZF3Z[OMZ" DE5Z ()HO DZ,7)

XW BZ3< L]FZIZ Xej -Wa I8?KW ,[1T=; CM]8]$Q I8? 3XQZBa XWj J&; 38H[FMQ 3F UaMO [:F3< JZ:ZO H^":\ K\ J&; XeB\ XG (>XQ QZ:_ 3HH 3XZ :ZBZ XGj QZ:_ 3HH Wa 3L JZ:ZO H^":\ TZQ\ 38H[FMZ" [L? 3HH 3XQZB\ XWj CM]$]8Q I8? $[0Z3BO QZ:_ 3HH 1O [L? 3HH 38H[FMQ LP X; [FTaU 3OBa XW [:>XQ QZ:_ 3HH 1O [L? 3HH I8?KW 3XZ :ZBZ XGj 44 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

%"3&Q LP

,[3T=; I8?KW 3F BXB 3>Q [:BFZ 0ZF Lf:^D XG (WLP 4]DOZ [FTaU3Q 3< 66.71 I<WD; [XJWaDZO; XGj $HbhQ 2010 LP MX 0ZFOZ[U 3O;J 1.99 QZ4 3Oe& zHMa C\j ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 45

F, Qe5Q 3F [Q, 1O CM]8]$Q I8? LP Lf:^DZ [FTaU3Q 3F [Q, K\ -W\ 5[B[T[EMN [T_\M [FMe:F 3e 5[B DEFa LP LDD5ZO L"8 3Z 3ZL 3OB\ XWj &W3F [Q, TX CM^8]$Q I8? (;HZDQ LP Wa $HFa +eIZ&Q 1O Q"J\ $T[0Z 3< [T_\M :|OBQ 3F L]BZ[J3 (;HZD 8]F W3Ba XWj $HFa UXO LP &W 3ZOTZ" Wa |-J-| XeFZ F K^QPj ● editor@outlookmoney.com


[BLZX; WL\^Z...

[H9Qa B\F LX;FQ LP %(=Q]3 LF\ 3F 8][F"DZ I8?KW 3Z +DU_F

%(=Q]3 LF\

Me:FZ 3Z FZL

0,Q,L 50 [3BFZ WX; XG?

30 :^F 2010 3e WLZa y, WZQ 3F DfOZF 0,Q,L 50 W^8\ 3F QZ:_-3HH UaMOQ Fa 27.16 I<WD; [O=F_ [DMZ XGj :J[3 WZLZ>M 3aA\ 3F &F UaMOQ Fa 23.17 I<WD; [O=F_ [DMZ XGj TX" &W W^8\ 3F [L?-3HH UaMOQ Fa &W ,3 WZQ 3F DfOZF 39.83 I<WD; [O=F_ [DMZ XG :J[3 WZLZ>M 3aA\ 3F &F UaMOQ Fa 33.83 I<WD; 3Z [O=F_ [DMZj &W DfOZF WJWa 7MZDZ 49.01 I<WD; [O=F_ %'?;,IW\ +\[LMO ,[1T=; Fa [DMZj

QZ:_ 3HH ,[1T=; I8?

&W 3aA\ 3F 7MZDZBO I8? H=O; HO XWj Ma I8? 4ZW

3 TV_

5 TV_

48_ $F]HZB

>M^FBL [FTaU

BfO HO JV[385, Ha=e[QML 1O DTZ ^a2 LP 3ZOeJZO 3O OXE XWj [JOQZ WF QZ&I CM^8]$Q I8? 3F W\%'0 LXEU HZ[=Q 3XBa XW, A:J B3 3:_ 3< LZ"5 LP L:J^B\ OXE5\ BJ B3 JV[385 ^a2 3Z +DU_F JaXBO OXE5ZjB TX" 358a BaQ 3F L^EMQ 3F WX; L^EMZ"3F Wa BaQ 38H[FMQ 3e IZMDZ Xe5Z 1O WZC X; &WWa I8? 3e K\ L:J^B\ [LQa5\j QZ:_-3HH ^a2 3F I8? 3' ^a2Q 3F UaMOQ LP Q5a y, XW 1O WLM 3F WZC &WWa JaXBO;F H[OAZL [LQFZ 8Z[X,j

M^=;%' [F@=;

48_ 3Z $F]HZB 1O 7G:385 3< 4Z[LMZ" 3L

Wb=EQZ&=

[L? 1O JLgQ 3HH I8?

[L? 1O JLgQ 3HH 3F UaMOQ Fa [H9Qa ,3 WZQ LP QZ:_-3HH UaMOQ 3e H9Z& [DMZ XGj :bWa-:bWa $C_GMTJCZ L:J^B Xe OX; XG, TbWa-TbWa LZ"5 J'ZFa TZQa 3ZO3 K\ L:J^B Xe OXE XWj -W\ [JC[B LP [L?3HH Wa JaXBO +DU_F 3< (CL\D :5B\ XGj 0,Q,L -50 W^8\ 3F [L?-3HH I8? 4ZW BfO HO [L?-3HH +fLe[53< 1O BaQ 38H[FMQ 3F UaMOQ 3F $QZTZ [L?-3HH JV3 LP [FTaU 3O OXE XWj [JOQZ WF QZ&I Fa XZQ X; LP $HF\ [FTaU OAF\[B LP JDQZT [3MZ XGj $J MX F5D; :LZ 1O H^":\ JZ:ZO LP 20 I<WD; B3 [FTaU 3OE5\j :J[3 HXQa &W ^a2 LP MX 38HF\ LX: 5 I<WD; [FTaU 3OB\ C\j HO &WWa &W3Z +DU_F FX" +KZ[TB XeFZ 8Z[X, 1MQ[3 4OZJ [JC[B LP I8? LbFa:O 3HU 3gQ 3F [T3EH 3e $HFZ W3Ba 46 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

XWj XLZO; WQZX Be MX; XG [3 &F DeFQ 3aA\ 3F Lf:^DZ [FTaU3Q 3e JFa OXFZ 8Z[X,j

U]z%B Wa X; ,3 WLZF +DU_F F3D; 3e %"L3 |H Wa W"KZQBZ XG, %'W\%'W\%' CM^8]$Q I8?Q 3< ,3 JaXBO J3<L LP Wa XG

?;,WH\ AQb3Og3 &7[?MZ =Z&5O %'W\%'W\%' +^?Q[UMQ ?ZMFa[L3 %'W\%'W\%' +^?Q[UMQ &>,Z.

QZ5^ FX" 1

%'?;,IW\ &7H\9OMQ ,[1T=;-,

QZ5^ FX" 1

?;,WH\ AQb3Og3 ,[1T=;

,[1T=; Wa :]&; J8B Me:FZ,7 ',Q,W,W

XLFa ,WJ\%' Lb3FL =G1W 5aF ,WJ\,L=; 3F :5X HO $J %'W\%'W\%' +^?Q[UMQ =G1W ?QZF 3e O4Z XGj 1MQ[3 ,WJ\,L=; +DU_F LP Q5ZBZO [H9& OXZ CZj %'W\%'W\%' +^?Q[UMQ CM^8]$Q I8? 3F W\%'0 U"3OA FOEF 3XBa XW, A[FTaU 3F LZLQa LP Q8\Qa z4 Fa %'W\%'W\%' +^?Q[UMQ =G1W ?QZF 3e Q"Ja WLM B3 $59Z +DU_F 3OFa LP W^L JFZMZjB

?EA= I8?# 9e=; 8ZQ

AMZ: DOQ LP J'eBO; 3< W"KZTFZ 3e DE4Ba y, Q"J\ $T[E TZQa Jg>? Wa XeFa TZQ\ %LDF\ 6=E5\j 1MQ[3 Jg>? 3< 3<LBP 1O AMZ: DOQ, ,3 vWOE 3< GM];"LZF]HZB\ XWj Lf:^DZ H[ODCFM LP 9e=; $T[E 3F Jg>? Wa XeFa TZQ\ %LDF\ J'Fa 3< (CL\D XGj MX; T:X XG [3 &W BOX 3F Jg>? 3< H9OH1TBZ $T[E 3e 1.25 WZQ Wa 6=Z3O 0.9 WZQ [3MZ 5MZj $5O %HFa Q"J\ $T[E TZQa Jg>? LP [FTaU [3MZ XG Be %H 9e=; $T[E TZQa Jg>? 1O BOQ I8? 3< 0O z4 3O W3Ba XWj ● editor@outlookmoney.com

9=?HA\

[OQZM"W %O,W,I ,[1T=;

M^=;%' 2H5M^_[F=; [F@=; J\'',W

[BLZX; WL\^Z

%(=Q]3 LF\ OE9=75

I8? LbFa:OQ 3< 8B]OBZ KO; J=g3 8]FFa 3< 3QZ :ED L]FZIZ 3Z=Fa 1O F3ZOZ;L3 HXQ^ Wa J8Fa 3F [Q, -W\ +["MZ :e +DU_F H[OKZ[VB 3OB\ XG KZOB 3F WJWa H]OZFa &7?G1W I8?Q LP Wa ,3 [T[K>F JZ:ZO [JC[BMQ LP Q5ZBZO +DU_F 3L F3ZOZ;L3 [OJ3 1O [T[KB JZ:ZO [JC[BMQ LP Q5ZBZO +DU_F z['TZD; Qa[3F +DU_F3ZO; Q"J\ $T[0Z LP $59Z =Gf3 [O3g?`j %"L3 QZ:_-3HH I8? [FTaU 3Z 3e' Lf3Z FX" 9e&BZ z['TZD; [FTaU3Q 3F [Q, [F8Qa JBO HO JZ:ZO LP (BOFa 3Z Lf3Z DEBZ XG Lf3Q 3e B]O7B KZ"H3O J=g3 LP %BZ :ZBZ OXBZ XG

,8?;,IW\ =gH 200 =QHQ=F &7[?MZ $eC

0,Q,L 50 Fa $HFa ^a2 3F WZLZ>M I8? Wa JaXBO +DU_F [3MZ XG, &W3F [Q, (KOBa %[C_3 JCZ[M;T 3e [:CLaDZO LZFZ :Z W3BZ XG

,

1 TV_

[JOQZ WF QZ&I ,8=QZ&F ,[1T=; ?;,WH\ AQb3Og3 =gH 100 ,[1T=; [I?E[Q=; ,[1T=; ,X3[QF &7[?MZ &7?E1W [F@=; IXj3[QF &7[?MZ +Z&LZ ?QW ,8?;,IW\ ,[1T=;

H=O; HO

3 1O [BLZX; 5]:O 5MZ 1O MX Lf3Z &W JZB 3< WL\^Z 3< XG [3 %[4O %H3F CM]8]$Q I8? HZ=`Ie[QMe 3Z +DU_F 3HWZ OXZj XLaUZ 3< BOX &W DIZ K\ XLFa 0,Q,L 50 W^8\ 3e 30 :^F 2010 B3 3< B\F WZQ 3< $T[E 3F DfOZF 3F J=ZO OE[=75 Wa $H?E= [3MZ XGj WZTEZF\ 3F [Q, MX MZD O4FZ :|O; XG [3 $5O &W OG[385 LP %H3F I8? LP 3e' [5OZT= %' XG Be &W3Z LBQJ MX FX" XG [3 %H &Wa B]O7B Ja8 DQj %H3Z I8? XO T1B U\V_ HO FX" OX W3BZj -Wa LP +DU_F LP [JCOBZ OXFZ X; $XL XGj

[O=F_ (%)

,[1T=;- QZ:_ 3HH 3eO

WX; 3>8DF :3UeO

,F,T\ (|)

M^=;%' [?[T?Q? M\E?

&[1T=;-L\? ,7? JLgQ 3HH

QZ:_ 3HH J=g1W 3F +[B z;ZF 1O HMOa IHQZT Wa &W3\ 3aA\ LP WJWa JaXBO &7,ZJ718O I8? JFZBZ XGj [OJ3 QaFa TZQa [FTaU3Q 3F [Q, JaXBO F\8a :ZFa 3F WLM LP $59E Wa J8ZT [3MZ XGj $K\ 3F [Q, BMU]DZ ,1WHe:O 3F [QXZ: Wa JaXBO LZ3O= 3HH JDQBa OXFa 3Z Q8\QZHF &W I8? 3< WJWa J&; ^LBZ XG 1O &WWa I8? 3e J'Ba 1O [5OBa JZ:ZOQ LP $59Z +DU_F 3OFa LP LDD 3< XGj QZ:_ 3HH 3< 0O ;]3ZT O4Fa TZQZ I8? :e JZ:ZO 3F (BZO 8'ZT 3F $F]|H :ED; @Q :ZBZ XGj [3W\ ^a2 1O 38H[FMQ LP Ba:\ Wa 6]WBZ-[F3QBZ XGj

[JOQZ WF QZ&I [L? 3HH

B5&Z I8? LbFa:LP=, 8]JB [L? 3HH I8?

[OQZM"W $eC

[L? 3HH 3Z :ZM3Z JO3OZO O4Ba y, LZ3O= 3HH 3F J\8 BAD;Q XeFa LP Q8\QaHF 3F 8QBa &W I8? Fa [5OBa 1O 8'Ba DeFQ JZ:ZO L"a $59Z +DU_F [3MZ XGj MDZ-3DZ F, $ZX3Q 3F [Q, DOTZ:a J"D O4Fa Wa HOXE: FX" 3OBZj :J K\ I8? LbFa:O 7MZDZ $ZX3 %Fa Wa $WX: LXW^W 3OBa XW, -WZ [3MZ :ZBZ XGj DEU 3Z ,3LZ2 [F[I"M |H Wa W"KZQZ :Z OXZ [L? 3HH I8?, [L? 3HH T5_ 3F )HO BJ3F HO 3R[)B

%'?;,IW\ +\[LMO ,[1T=;-,

QZ5^ FX" 1

:^[FMO J\'',W4

[L? 3HH 1O JLgQ 3HH T5_ LP $59E Wa IHQ\ [FTaU W^8\

=Z=Z ,[1T=; H\/' ,[1T=; [Q"1? Wa[T"5 J3<L (EZOZ 80 W\ 3Z IZMDZ)

?;,WH\ AQb3Og3 =G1W WaTO

QZ5^ FX" 1

[I?E[Q=; =G1W ,?TN=E:

QZ5^ FX" 1

WQ\3F Wa W"8Z[QB L:J^B I8? XZ(W, +DU_F LP [FO7BOBZ W][F[F8B 3OBZ XGj U]z%B Wa X; $59Z 7E3 [O3g?`

%(=Q]3 LF\ 50 JZ:ZO LP Lf:^D X:ZOQ CM]8]$Q I8?KW LP Wa XLZOE [WIZ[OU TZQa I8?KW 3< W^8\ XGj MX [WIa F, [FTaU 3F LZ5_DU_F 3F [Q, XGj Lf:^DZ [FTaU3Q 3e %(=Q]3 LF\ 3F [FM[LB Qa4 H'Fa 8Z[X,j # HN8 WZQ Wa 3L H]OZFZ; * FT\FBL (HQAE ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 47


[BLZX; WL\^Z... Me:FZ 3Z FZL W]"DOL J\,FH\ H[OJZW =G1W-WaTO

,F,T\ (|)

[O=F_ (%)

1 TV_

3 TV_

5 TV_

48_ $F]HZB

>M^FBL [FTaU

%(=Q]3 LF\ OE9=75

Wb=EQZ&=

%'W\%'W\%' +^?Q[UMQ =G1W?QZF $RC

9e=; J&; 38H[FMQ LP [FTaU 3e Qa3O Q8\QZ XGj

Wa1=O 3R9)B

?;,WH\ AQb3Og3 TE?` 5eE?

QZ5^ FX" 2

QZ5^ FX" 1

L^EMN3F FX"

[OQZM"W ?ZMTwWIZ&? HZTO 5eE? '=;,I

QZ5^ FX" 3

QZ5^ FX" 2

QZ5^ FX" 1

M^[F=

,[1T=; - L0ML :e[4L

[JOQZ WF QZ&I 95 ,8?;,IW\ JbQ"aJ? ?;,WH\ AQb3Og3 JbQPJ?

L^EMN3F FX"

MX I?KW LP [FTaU 3OFa TZQZ I8? XG :e WeFa 3F 4FF Wa :]&; 38H[FMQ LP [FTaU 3OFa TZQa AQb3Og3 TE?` 5eE? I8? LP [FTaU 3OBZ XGj MX WeFa 3< 3<LBQ 3e K]FZFa 3Z $59Z BO;3Z XGj [3W\ %UZ:F3 ^a2 HO F:O [F5ZX O4BZ XG 1O Q"J\ $T[E 3F +DU_F 3Z OZJBZ DE4BZ XGj J5bO 3Z5:ZB 3F WeFa LP [FTaU, 3L QZ5B, W][TEZ:F3 1O %WF %"ZL3 BO;3F Wa +J"[EB, $[JCO Xe W3BZ XG Q5ZBZO $59Z +DU_>Z 3OFa TZQZ $59Z +DU_F 3OFa TZQZ, $59Z [O3g?` 1O DC'BZ HX8ZF OX; XGj 5Z'Ba JZ:ZO LP WJWa (CDZ +DU_F 3OBZ XG 1O [T[TEBZ TZQa ,[1T=; I8? Wa K\ JaXBO +DU_F 3O W3BZ XGj

,8?;,IW\ +^?QW =QHQ=F &7[?MZ HPUF

Q5ZBZO $59Z +DU_F &W3< [TUaVBZ XGj WB3a +DU_F 3F [Q, ,3 $59Z [O=ZMOLP= 1O HPUF TZXF

,[1T=; - WB3a :e[4L

[FO7BO $59Z +DU_F 3OFa TZQZ 1O HMOa |H Wa [T[TEBZH^A_ K\ [FO7BO D;6_3Z[Q3 $59Z +DU_F 3OFa TZQZ, 9e=E 1O [L? 3HH UaMOQ 3e 9E&Fa LP W"3e8 FX" $HFa I8? LbFa:LP= (KEFMQ HO 3ZML [IO K\ Q5ZBZO %LD HZFa LP WIQ W["M |H Wa +J"EF, Lf3F 3Z QZK (>ZFa 3e B;HO Qa[3F W]O^Z;L3 K\j W"H[_ 3F J"=TZOE LP (58 :e[4L-(58 TZHW\ 3< OAF\[B, XZQN[3 &W3Z ,[1T=; 6=3 3ZI< [T[TEBZ TZQZ XGj

[JOQZ WF QZ&I ,L%'H\ [JOQZ WF QZ&I ,L%'H\-Wa[T"5 5

?;,WH\ AQb3Og3 Wa[T"5 LbFa:O-,$a[WT ?;,WH\ AQb3Og3 Wa[T"5 LbFa:O-Lg?OE=E? ,I=; &7[?MZ ,L%'H\-,

%"ZL3 +J"EF, D;6_3Z[Q3 $59; 5]":Z&U [=3Z) +DU_F $59; WZ4 1O >;3 Wa W""KZQZ 5MZ XOE3 DfO LP $59Z +DU_F 3ZI< [T[TE He=`Ie[QMe 1O $59E UaMOQ LP [FTaU 3Z DZTZ

,8?;,IW\ ,L%'H\-,Q=;H\ ,8,WJ\W\ ,L%'H\-OE5]QO ,8,WJ\W\ ,L%'H\-Wa[T"5 [OQZM"W ,L%'H\ M^=;%' L"CQ\ &F3L J3<L 'g:?-3L $T[E 3eO

9=?HA\ $59E JZ:ZO LP UZFDZO %LD DEBZ XG 1O J]OE JZ:ZO LP F]3WZF Wa J8ZBZ XGj

,F,T\

1 LZX

3 LZX

6 LZX

$59E JZ:ZO 3Z &7B:ZO 1O $HFa (KEFMQ Wa WL;fBZ 3OFa Wa Q5ZBZO LFZ $HFa L3WD HO 3ZML 1O %LD 3< 8ZX LP 7MZDZ vO FX" :ZBZj ENW^ ?EA= I8? LbFa:LP= 3e=3 CM]8]$Q I8? 3< HX8ZF OXZ XGj W"5B 3QZ3ZO, 3L $[JCO OXBZ XG 1O W8&W3F (KEFM $=Q +DU_F, 3L (BZO 8'ZT 1O $HFa L3WD HO DC'

[JOQZ WF QZ&I Ug=` =L_ 3e=3 Jg:? Ug=` =L_ =QHQ=F &7[?MZ ,W=;%'H\ Wb=EQZ&=

,8?;,IW\ ,8%',I ,W/=;

%"ZL3 +J"EF Qa[3F $59Z 7E3 [O3g?`

[OQZM""W Ug=` =L_

Q5ZBZO +DU_F 1O 3L F3ZOZ;L3 :e[4L

.eB# Mutualfundsindia.com

2# B\F WZQ Wa 3L H]OZFZj 3# XLFa WK\ 5eE? '=;,I 3e 0MZF LP O4Z XG &W[Q, ,F,T\ QZ5^ FX"j 4# MX WK\ Me:FZ0" LP ,3 WZQ 3F [O=F_ 3Z 1WB XGj 5eE? '=;,I &W3F WLZF X; %LD DEBa XWj L^EMN3F FX"# WZQ KO Wa 3L 3F [O=F_ W"H^A_ |H Wa [D, 5, XW, JZ[3 WZQZFZ LP W"Me[:Bj %(=Q]3 LF\ 3< OE[=75 30 :^F 2010 3e WLZa [BLZX; 3F L]BZ[J3, ,F,T\ 1O [O=F_ 28 :^F 2010 3F $F]WZOj 48 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®


1O O;FZ -Wa X; $ZX3Q 3F [Q, %> X:ZO Wa $HF\ OQ: U]| 3OB\ XWj (F3F JFZ, 5Z(F ,F?;=;T\ 5]?=Z&CW QZ&IJ=Z&Q 8bFQ LP &JBaLZQ XeBa XWj 5Z(>W 3F $QZTZ Ta WL3ZQ\F HO7HOZ5B H[OEZF K\ JFZB\ XWj :bWa, J=eF [J773W Q5a y, Jb3QaW W^=, QX75Z-8eQ\ %[Dj TZA\ +a= 3< [?:Z&FO [UTZF\ 5]?BZ Fa $HFa F, 3Qa1UF LP 'e3F? 1O XZC 3< LX;F 3W\DE3ZO; 3Z &JBaLZQ 3O $FZO3Q\ W^= 3< F' OQ: (BZO; XGj

$DZ-,-[:"D5\ IHUF

J:= LP WLZ, # F\| 1O LeXF 5NE\ [TUaV BfO HO 3L J:= 3F IHUFaJQ H9OEZF JFZBa XW 9ZMZ# W":M OZTB

UZ

:aJ HO XQ3<, IHUFaJQ LJB\

9DMQ 1O ;MeXZOQ 3Z LfWL XfQaXfQa 3DL J'Z OXZ XGj -Wa X; 4ZW $TWOQ HO Q&[3MQ 3< 8ND; XeB\ XGj Q&3F [3BFa K\ IHUFaJQ Xe :Z,7, Ta Q&[3MQ 3e LZB FX" DE W3Baj &F 4ZW $TWOQ HO XO JZO HXFFa 3F [Q, 3>9 4ZW XeFZ 8Z[X,j Qa[3F J'B\ LX75Z' 3Z 4MZQ O4FZ K\ Be :|O; XGj [3W3< &59Z FX" XeB\ [3 TX [?:Z&FO 3H&E HXFa, L5O TX; :aJ 3Z WTZQ...j $J L0ML T5_ LP K\ $Q5 [D4Fa 1O [?:Z&FO 3H&E HXFFa 3< 8ZXB :eO LZOFa Q5\ XGj [3W\ 4ZW Lf3F HO %H 1O %H3< WXEQ\ MZ KZK\ ,3 :bWZ 3>9 F HXF QP, MX K\ We8FZ H&BZ XGj Be %H3< X; 2TZ[XU H^O; 3OFa 3F [Q, [DEQ\ 3F Xf: 4ZW [TQa: LP 4ZW &7B:ZL XGj Xf: 4ZW 3< 5[QMQ LP @EOQ [?:Z&FOQ 3F Ue |L XW, :e W\[LB J:= 3F Qe5Q 3F [Q, 4ZW BfO HO 3ZL 3OBa XWj MXN %H3e 4^JW^OB :ODe:\, W\1TPW 1O J=eF 3F 3ZL [3, QX75a, 8^&;DZO W^= 3F WZC-WZC %: 3F DfO 3F O75 1O UbQ\ LP JFa UZFDZO 'T[F"5 5Z(F K\ %WZF\ Wa [LQ :Z,75aj M]TZ [?:Z&FO :e&; D;HZ^\

[?:Z&FO 3H&E HXFFa 3Z LF Be XG HO J:= 3< K\ [8"BZ XG, Be &Wa H[', [FMZLB J=@[?Me 3F [?:Z&FO D7HB\ F\|-LeXF 5NE\ 'e3F?, Fa=, [UIgF 1O :g:M= 3F +Me5 Wa ;MeXZOQ 3F [Q, FMZ 3Qa1UF +JB]B 3O OXE XWj (F3< [?:Z&F LP ,3 $Q5 BOX 3Z [J2Me[8B JHU_ XeBZ XGj 'e3F?, QaW, J=eF, :ODe:\ HO 4^JW^OB XZC 3Z 3ZL (F3F H[OEZFQ 3e $Q5 X; JFZBZ XGj $5O 3e' $ZX3 $HFZ J:= J'Z, Be Ta JTZOeJ3< ["J=Q 3Z K\ (HMe5 3OBa XWj (F3F 3Qa1UF LP QX75Z, ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 49

IHUF-IHUF [DEQ\ [DEQ\ [H9Qa 3>9 [DFQ Wa [WIa HZF\-HZF\ X; FX" Xe OX; C\, J[E3 IHUF-IHUF K\ Xe OX; C\j AQP?W_ +Z&? IHUF =@O 3Z %5Z: [DEQ\ Wa y% 1O MX WIO 9X UXOQ 8"?;5', XGDOZJZD, L]"J', 3eQ3ZBZ B3 8Qa5Zj 3>9 F, 3H&E XQ5a, 3>9 F' $DZ,7 1O 4^JW^OB WLZ Xe5Zj UNBF]-[F[4Q Fa T]?; ,QF 3< [IELQ Wa +aOAZ Qa 3O H[OEZF HaU [3, 1O (F3F [Q, 3ZQa W^= LP [TTa3 0JaOgM Ue J=gHO Xe 3O LX[IQ Q^= Qa 5,j F\BZ Q]EQZ, [T"L I&F\W, L"[DOZ [T3a 1O 3' [?:Z&FOQ 3F 3H&Q 3e DU_3Q Fa E&3Ba [DQ Wa WOZXZ 1O w% 3<, 3ZOTN 8QBZ OXE...j $FZO3Q\ 1O 8^&;DZO W^= UZ[LQ XWj [3UeO Q&[3MQ 3F [Q, 1O UZD; Wa HXQa XeFa TZQa WLZOeX 3F [Q, (>XQFa KZOB\M-HZF8Z;M UbQ\ 3F 3' 4^JW^OB @M^:F TJ2 BbMZO :3, XWj (F3F 7MZDZBO $ZX3 -Wa XW, :e 5EW 3e DeJZOZ [3W\ Lf3F HO HXFFZ FX" 8ZXBa 1O J:= 3Z K\ 0MZF O4FZ 8ZXBa XWj F\| JBZB\ XW [3 (>XQ IHUF 3F +[B -Wa X; W:5 Qe5Q 3F [Q, XO B\WOE LX;Fa F' 5EWa: $HFa 3Qa1UF LP QZF\ H&B\ XWj TX 3XB\ XW, A%:3Q Q&[3MN Qa=EJ= 7Q? 3F JZOE LP HXQa Wa X; WJ HBZ 3O %B\ XWjB F\| 1O LeXF 5NE\ 3< 4Z[WMB MX; XG [3 Ta $HFa $ZX3Q 3< &59Z 3e WTTH[O O4Ba XWj $5O (F3F $ZX3 :3W\ 9?:Z&F LP 3e' JDQZT 3OFa 3e 3XQ 1O (>XQ K\ Q5a [3 MX >;3 XG, Be Ta 3K\ F4OE FX" 9D4ZBaj (F3< ,3 $ZX3 3XB\ XW, AMX W][TEZ [3W\ WaQa['=; [?:Z&FO 3F HZW FX" [LQB\jB 5NE\ D7HB\ 3F HZW [3UeO (& 3< Q&[3MQ Wa Qa3O $Ea& L[XQZ,7 XWj TX JBZBa XW, A,3 JZO ,NW Wa 73 WZQ 3< L[XQZ (F3F HZW KZOB\M UZD; LP UZ[LQ XeFa 3F [Q, 5EW 4O;DFa %' C!j (>XQ LX;F 3'Z' 1O DET\ 3F [82 TZQZ 5EW 4^J KZMZ 1O $J TX :J K\ KZOB %B\ XW, XLZOE MXN %FZ FX" K^QB!jB Xf: 4ZW LP %H J"5ZQ 3F EZ5a 3Z :Zv K\ 4e: W3B\ XWj D 3NCZ UgH LP L][U_DZJZD 3Z 4ZW 3NCZ 3Z -WZ 3ZL [LQBZ XG [3 %H D75 OX :Z,7j MXN W^= 3F [Q, 3H&E, WZ[&MN (HQAE XWj [?:Z&FO W]FMFZ OZ: Fa I>Q3ZO; 1O 4ZD; 3F [L3A 3F WZC 4ZW H[OEZF BbMZO [3, XWj F' (& 3< Q&[3MQ LP IHUF 3F +[B ,3 BOX Wa D;TZF5\ XGj Ta :3BZJP Qa :ZFZ KQa X; K^Q :Z,7, Qa[3F IHUF LP 3eBZX; FX" JOBB!j ● UXFZ: 3F. LaXBZ


9ZMZ# W":M 6eV

LXZOe5ZA] 3F [4QZI FX", (W3F JZOE LP :"5 WaXB 4BOZ

,7=;JZMe[=3 3F $"EZE]"E &JBaLZQ Wa H^OE [TFT LP F, LXZOe5ZA] 3Z 4fI J'BZ :Z OXZ XG

%3N^Z HZOE

[D

EQ\ %:3Q 3>2MZ[B 3F DfO Wa 5]:O OX; XGj HXQa X; 1MZ 3L CZ :e 4aQ Wa [4QTZ& 3OFa TZQQ 3< T:X Wa [DEQ\ 3< J]O; XZQB C\ 1O $J ,3 LXZ L]W\JB 3< BOX LXZOe5ZA] Fa [DEQ\ 3Z FZL w[FMZ 3< :]JZF HO QZ [DMZ XGj O_\ KO 3F &W Jb1=;[OMZ (:\TZA]) Fa $HFZ W]HOJ5\M |H [D4Z 3O WK\ 3< FZ3 LP DL 3O [DMZ XGj TbeZ[F3Q 3< ,3 $"BOOI7;M =;L Fa ,3 FMZ Jb1=;[OMZ 4e: [F3ZQZ XGj &W Jb1=;[OMZ 3e >M^ ?EEX; La=GQe J\=Z Qb1=ZLa:-1 (,F?;,L-1) FZL [DMZ 5MZ XGj TbeZ[F3Q Fa MX Jb1=;[OMZ [:F Qe5Q LP 4e:Z XG, (FLP Wa $[E3BO Qe5 XZQ X; KZOB 3F $JHBZQQ Wa &QZ:

3OZ 3O Qf=E Caj W][4_MQ LP MX LZLQZ %Fa 3F JZD KZOB WO3ZO 3F JTZJ<M ,T" H[OTZO 3EMZA L"2ZQM Fa 3&; %H[_ D:_ 3<j KZOB 3F JTZJ<M L"2\ 5]QZL FJ\ %:ZD Fa 3&E UADQ LP $HF\ +[B["MZ GM1B 3< C\j L"2ZQM 3< 0O Wa :ZO; $HFa T1BGM LP (>XQFa 3XZ CZ [3 MX KZOB 3F +[B wOZ$X XGj 1MQ[3 XZQ X; 3F 3>9 WZQQ LP KZOB LP [8[3;WZ W][TEZ,7 JaXBO 1O [OMZMB\ XeFa HO [TDEUQ Wa J&; W"2MZ LP Qe5 &QZ: 3F [Q, MXN % OXE XWj &W[Q, &Wa JZ[EB 3OFa 3< MX WZ[:U XGj &W3F JZD XZQ X; LP FZ5fO 3< WNWD ?g. 7Me[B [LEO Fa &W LZLQa 3e Qe3WKZ LP (>ZMZj (>XQFa K\ &W Oe5ZA] 3Z FZL F' [DEQ\ 3F FZL HO [D, :ZFa 3Z [TOeE [3MZj FZL DEFa 3F &W WfBaQa GMTXZO HO QVWa= 3e %&E XZCe" QaBa y, [LEO Fa QVWa= 3<

[TFTWF\MBZ HO K\ WTZQ (>ZMZ 1MQ[3 &F $0MMFQ 3F H\9E 3' DTZ [FLOBZ LE=;FaUFQ 38H[FMN XWj ['=EF 3F +[B[I>B La[?3Q H[23Z QVWa= &FIF1UW [?:\:aW :F_Q LP +3Z[UB $0MMF LP 3XZ 5MZ XG [3 KZOB 1O $>M DEUQ 3F $JHBZQQ LP [3, 5, $0MMF LP MX JZB WZLFa %' XG [3 MXN %L ,7=;JZMe[=1W Wa +[BOeE\ ^LBZ [T3[WB Xe 5' XG, [:WWa J\LZ[OMQ HO ,7=;JZMe[=3 $WO FX" 3O OXE XWj %OZHQ 3e ;aQ OXE QVWa= Fa $HFa J8ZT LP 3XZ [3 8^"[3 7MZDZ LZLQa KZOB LP [LQa XW &W[Q, &W Oe5ZA] 3Z FZL F' [DEQ\ 3F FZL HO [DMZ 5MZj &W $0MMF LP 3>Q 31 UeEC? UZ[LQ W]QK 1O WJBZ# KZOB LP 9OMZMB\ JaXBO JTZJ<M W][TEZ0" 3F 3ZOA [TDEUQ Wa X:ZOQ LO;: %Ba XG

&FWZF\ QZHOTZX; Wa HbDZ XeBZ XG W]HOJ5 W]HOJ5 3Z FZL :ZFJ^; 3O [TDEU\ TbeZ[F3Q Fa F' [DEQ\ La=ZQe J\=Z-Qa1=ZLa:-1 O4Z XGj 3[CB DZTa 3e LZF K\ [QMZ :Z, Be KZOB LP MX :\TZA] 8a>F' ,T" X[OMZAZ LP HZMZ 5MZ CZj ?g. ,.3F. $zA F' [DEQ\ Wa Be $K\ B3 &W3< (H[JC[B 3< 3e' $[E3Z[O3 W^8FZ FX" XGj (1B $0MMF 3e M^Oe[HMF M^[FMF BCZ ['=EF 3< De J&; IZLO 38HF\ TaQ3L 7J= ,T" TZ&C Fa +ZMe[:B [3MZ CZj QVWa= &WWa HXQa K\ 3' JZO [TTZDZJHD Qa4 9ZH 3O X75ZLZ 4&Z 3O 8]3Z XGj ,FZ[Q[WW 2I Xe[LMeHb[C3 1Q\[F3Q 7ZMQ FZL 3Z ,3 Qa4 $5JB 2005 LP 9HZ CZj (W3F Qa43 ?g. %'[:"5

UZ"5 ,T" (F3F WZC\ TbeZ[F Caj &W Qa4 LP Xe[LMeHbC\ 3e ?Qb[WJe (LX: 4]U 3OFa 3< 4]OZ3) JBZ3O L:Z3 (&ZMZ 5MZ CZj WF 2008 ,T" 2009 LP K\ Wa [TTZDZJHD Qa4 9H 8]3F XWj QVWa= 3F BZ:Z $0MMF Wa K\ HXQa KZOB 3F :F_Q 2I ,We[W,UF 2I [I[:[UM"W &F &7[?MZ (:a,H\%') Fa LZ8_ 2010 $"3 LP ,F?;,L-1 3< (H[JC[B HO [8"BZ :BZ' C\j L]"J' 3F H\. ?;. [X7w:Z $JHBZQ 3< HZMQ DEUHN?E, 3H[LQZ Oe[53W, $":Q\ Wa>;, IOXZD 3HZ[&MZ, $[WB XE5&E ,T" OZ:\T WeLZF Fa 3ZJOHaFaL FZL3 LX;TH^A_ ,7=; JZMe[=3 3F +KZTX;F XeFa 3< H][I= 3< C\j 3ZJOHaFaL (F [5Fa-8]Fa ,7=;JZMe[=3 LP XG :e LE=; 55 OE[:J=QW $ZL [F5a[=T Jb1=;[OMZ :[FB 6ZB3 Oe5Q LP &JBaLZQ [3MZ :ZBZ XGj WF 1947 50 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

LP K\ HaF\W\[QF FZL3 DTZ +KZTX;F Xe 5' C\j MX (W DfO 3< LX;TH^A_ ,7=;JZMe[=3 C\j &W3F 8ZO TV_ JZD LaC\W\[QF FZL3 ,7=;JZMe[=3 3e QZMZ 5MZ Qa[3F [3?F\ HO [THO;B +KZT 3< T:X Wa &Wa Oe3FZ H&Z 1O :IO 21W\[QF 3Z 8QF J'Zj WF 1961 LP ,3 4BOFZ3 W]HOJ5 LaC\W\[QF OE[:J=Q= J=EIZ&Qe3e3W 2OW 3e HXQa ['=EF LP $[B W^iL 9D4Fa TZQa MX Oe5ZA] LF]IM 3F DE4Z 5MZj MX W]HOJ5 ['=EF 3F $JHBZQQ LP WZLZ>M JTZJ<M 3F [Q, J&Z 4BOZ JF3O (KO OXE XW |H Wa (H[JCB XGj WF 1999 LP MX; W]HOJ5 (,L%O,W,) ['=EF LP Wa?W\: (,3 4BOFZ3 W""LA) $JHBZQQ LP K\ Caj WF 2002 LP &W JV3eLZ&[WF 3F [Q, [:CLaDZO CZj MX LXZ:\TZA] HaF\W\[QF, OE[:J=Q= J=EIZQ&Qe3g3W 2=W (T\%O,W,) 3e LaC\W\[QF, =E7ZWZ&1Q\F BCZ ,O;CheLZ&[WF :bW\ HXQ\ JZO $La[O3Z LP DE4Z 5MZj WF 2001 LP LX;TH^A_ ,7=;JZMe[=1W 3e K\ +KZTX;F 3O 8]3Z XGj $La[O3< :bT TbeZ[F3Q Fa [8"BZ :BZ' C\ [3 $La[O3Z WF 1996 LP JV3eLZ&[WF &7=OL\[?,= J=EIZ&Qe3e- LP (HMe5 [3, :Z OXE 70 +[BUB Wa 7MZDZ ,7=;JZMe3W 2OW (T\WZ) W]HOJ5 :ZHZF LP HXQ\ JZO DE4Z [=1W LZ"W (Le5 3F :\T-:"B]0" 3e MQ X; [4QZ, 5MZj &W3F 3>9 LZLQa ['=EF BCZ $La[O3Z 3F :ZBa XWj &W\ WZQ M^,W IA? ,7? 55 ,?[L[FJ7EUF Fa ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 51

@Q^^Oe1M^FeQeF FZL3 ,7=;JZMe[=1W 3F LF]IM 3F $"DO 3HCH\QeJb1=O W""LA LP OE[:J=Q= Xe :ZFa 3< 8aBZTF\ D; C\ Qa[3F $L[O3< LZ"W GMZHZO 38H[FMQ 3< BZ3B 3F WZLFa MX 8aBZTF\ FX" [=3 HZ'j :ZF3ZO 3XBa XW [3 $La[O3Z 3F U[1BUZQ\ LZ"W GMTWZM 3F WZLFa AFgF CaOE?M^[=3 ,7=;JZMe[=1WB 3Z (HMe5 Oe3FZ %WZF FX" XG 1MQ[3 MX L]FZIF 3Z E"EZ XGj KZOB LP [8[3;WZ GMTWZM (Le5 3Z |H Qa 8]3Z XGj WJBa 1O $59E &QZ: 3F [Q, Qe5 KZOB % OXE XWj MXZ" 3Z [8[3;WZ HM_=F (Le5 25 I<WD; 3< O@BZO Wa J' OXZ XGj W]HOJ5 3F &W UeO 3< ,3 T:X MX K\ XGj 3RDi\M Me5 ,T" +Z3D[B3 [8[3;WZ $F]W"EZF H[OVD 3F [FDEU3 +e. T\. =;. [8DZF"DL^[B_ 3XBa XW, AMe5 ,T" +Z3D[B3 :\TF UbQ\ $HFZ3O $Fa3 5"K\O ,T" "e[F3 Oe5Q Wa :\TFHM_"B J8Z :Z W3BZ XG Be XL $FZTFM3 ,7=;JZMe[=1W 1MQ QP?B WO3ZO ,T" JTZJ<M [TKZ5 3e ,7=;JZMe[=1W 3F &JBaLZQ 3F [Q, [DUZ-[FDNU :ZO; 3OFZ 8Z[X,j [8[3;W3Q 3e K\ &F3F Ja:Z &JBaLZQ Wa J8FZ 8Z[X,j


AUXO 3Z FZL DEFa LP 3e' V?M"2 FX"B

JFZOW [X7v [TFT[LZQM (J\,8M^) 3< M]TZ UeEZC? ?g. W][+MZ (HZ0MZM 3>Q 31 WDJM\M (W =;L LP Lf:^D 8 KZOB\M [8[3;W3Q LP Wa ,3 XW, [:>XQFa W]HOJ5 3< 4e: LP $HFZ Me5DZF [DMZ XGj %(=Q]3 3F [Q, UOB +EZF Wa y' (F3< JZB8\B #

%H3Z $0MMF 1MZ 3XBZ XG? LV (W $0MMF 3Z [XJWZ C\, [:WLP XL ,7=;JZMe[=3 3F +[B [T3[WB Xe 5' +[BOeE\ ^LBZ HO 3ZL 3O OXE Caj &W DfOZF Q5K5 De +[BUB LZLQa L];a -Wa [LQa [:FLP ,7=;JZMe[=3 $WO FX" 3O OX; C\j LVFa WO W]"DO QZQ $JHBZQ, :e J\,8M^ [8[3;WZ W"JCZF 3Z X; ,3 [XJWZ XG, Wa Q5K5 X:ZO FL^Fa &3ja [3,j Ma FL^Fa $+bQ 2008 Wa [WB"JO 2008 3F

J\8 &3ja [3, 5, Caj &F X:ZO FL^Fe" LP Wa 620 3e $Z(7? Fa5a[=T Jb[1=[OMZ LP [T[UI= |H Wa DTZ 3F +[B +[BOeE3 ^LBZ 3F $0MMF 3F [Q, 8]FZ 5MZ CZj &F 620 FL^FQ LP 13 FL^FQ LP ,F?;,L-1 HZMZ 5MZj &W Jb1=;[OMZ 3e >M^ [DEQ\ FZL DEFa HO %H WXLB XW? L];a &WLP 3>9 K\ 5QB FX" Q5BZj Tb[FT3 JBO HO FZL DEFa 3< MX WZLZ>M +["MZ XGj -Wa D:_FQ (DZXOA XW [:FLP UeE 3F DfOZF :e 4e: [:W UXO LP y' (W3Z FZL DE [DMZ 5MZj 3' $>M Jb1=;[OMZ 3e K\ H[F8L 3F DEUQ MZ UXOQ 3Z FZL [DMZ 5MZ XGj 1MZ %H3e Q5BZ XG [3 KZOB\M $JHBZQ TZ3' W""[LB XW? [F[F8B |H Waj Qa[3F HOEUZF\ MX XG [3 &W3e

[JQ3>Qj LaOZ (KEFM &W3< 5XOZ' B3 :ZFZ XGj LV &W3F [Q, $HFa 5Z&? +e. LQM O7:F [W"X 1O LaOE T[OI> ?g. $[LBZK K=K=Z8ZM_ 3e E>MTZD DEFZ 8ZXB\ $, :e XLaUZ LaO; LDD 3OBa XG 1O L];a +e;WZXF DEBa XWj (>XQFa L];a ['[=U XEEC +e=E1UF ,:PW\ 3F ?g. F\Q T]?Ie?` 3F JZOE LP JBZMZ, [:>XQFa XLP MX $0MMF W];ZMZj KZOB LP WJB\ DO HO JTZJ<M W][TEZ L]XGMZ XWj MXN H[F8L 3F L]3ZJQa [TUaVe [8[3;W3 1O [8[3;WZ [OMZMB\ DOQ HO (HQAE XGj Be -Wa LP 1MZ MX KZOB 3F [4QZI 3e' V?M"2 MZ HXQa Wa We8\-WL;\ WZ[:U XG? LV -Wa [3W\ V?M"2 3e FX" DE4B\j -WZ 3XFZ %:3Q %L Xe 5MZ XGj -WZ FX" XG [3 -Wa W""LA [WIa KZOB\M $JHBZQQ Wa X; IHQBa XG"j 3' [OHe=` JBZB\ XW [3 [T3[WB DEUQ LP K\ -WZ XeBZ XGj &W[Q, MX 3XFZ [JQ3>Q 5QB XG [3 KZOB Wa La[?3Q =@[O7L 4;L 3OFa 3< MX We8\-WL;\ WZ[:U XGj

Qa3O JyB 3L $0MMF y, XWj XLZOE MXN UZMD X; 3e' $JHBZQ Xe5Z, :e &W BOX 3F $0MMFQ 3Z &59=3 Xe5Zj XL 4]U[3JLB XW [3 J\,8M^ LP XLP &W BOX 3F $0MMF 3Z $TWO [LQZ 1O XLFa HZMZ [3 ,F?;,L-1 3' ,7=;JZMe[=3 3F +[B +[BOeE\ ^LBZ [T3[WB 3O 8]3Z XGj WJWa [8"BZ:F3 XG [3 MX Jb1=;[OMZ 3ZJOHaFaL 3F +[B K\ +[BOeE3 ^LBZ [T3[WB 3O 8]3Z XGj MX ,7=;JZMe[=3 LP (~ 3aA\ 3Z XGj 1O 7MZDZBO MX 5XF [8[3;WZ &3Z' LP O4a 5, LO;:Q 3e :\TFO^Z 3F BfO HO [DMZ :ZBZ XGj %H 3J Wa &W $0MMF Wa :]&; y' XW? [H9Qa De WZQQ Waj LVFa &QZXJZD [TFT[TLZQ Wa H'Z' 4;L 3O J\,8M^ LP UeE U]| 3O [DMZj &W JZOE LP %H $HFZ $0MMF :ZO; O4P5\?

HO;^A 3F JZD# $JHBZQ Wa Qf=Fa 3F JZD $59E ,7=;Jb1=;9OMQ WZJ]F Wa XZC Ee,7 Ca, [:FLP Wa 8 KZOB\M XWj &>X" LP UZ[LQ ,3 KZOB\M UeEZC? 1O QVW= LP +3Z[UB Qa4 3F WX Qa43 3Z[B_3FMF 3F 3>LZOJTZL\ Fa 3XZ [3 KZOB LP LZLQa 7MZDZ [LQa XW MX W8 XG HO TX K\ &W JZB 3Z WLC_F 3OBa XW [3 &W Oe5ZA] 3Z FZL [DEQ\ 3F FZL HO [DMZ :ZFZ 5QB XGj &W3F JZD KZOB LP ,3 BOX Wa X?38H L8Z y% XGj FZL 3F LZLQa LP KZOB 3e 6W\=E :ZFa 3F JZD Wa [TOeE 1O WIZ' DEFa 3Z [WQ[WQZ Q5ZBZO 8Q OXZ XGj &W $0MMF Fa KQa X; KZOB 3< 0O (75Q\ (>Z' XG Qa[3F &WWa &F3ZO FX" [3MZ :Z W3BZ [3 4BOE 3< 6"=; Be J: X; 5' XGj ,F?;,L-1 -WZ :\F XG :e Ha= 4OZJ 3OFa TZQa Jb1=;[OMZ MZOZ _LA 3O O1B LP +TaU 3O :ZBZ XG 1O 3' $"5Q 3e ,3 WZC 4OZJ 3O :ZBZ XGj &WWa GM[1B 3< L_;M] K\ Xe W3B\ XGj WJWa [8"BZ:F3 HXQ^ MX XG [3 &W HO WJWa U[1BUZQ\ ,7=;JZMe[=3 3ZJOHaFaL 3Z K\ $WO FX" XeBZ XGj $0MMF LP 3XZ 5MZ XG [3 ['=EF LP HO;^A [3, 5, 29 LP Wa 17 Qe5 TV_ 3F K\BO KZOB MZ HZ[3JBZF %, Caj 1O [T[K>F 3ZOAQ Wa MXN 3F $JHBZQQ LP KB? y, Caj KZOB\M [8[3;WZ $F]W"EZF H[OVD 3F [FDEU3 :FOQ T\ ,L 3=e8 Fa %H[_ :BZBa y, :BZBa y, 3XZ, Aw[FMZ LP $\W, &:OZ&Q 1O $>M 3' DEUQ LP -Wa @EOQ W]HOJ5 XWj [IO &Wa X; KZOB 3F WZC 1MQ :e&Z :Z OXZ XGj MX KZOB 3< [8[3;WZ :5B LP 9[T 4OZJ 3OFa 3< 3e[UU XGjB WO3ZO 3F WZC X; 3' JTO [TOeE LP (> OXE XWj Qa[3F WTZQ MX K\ XG [3 1MZ [WIa [TOeE 3OFa Wa MX W~Z' 9=H :Z,5\ [3 XLZOE MXN 3F $JHBZQQ 3e TZ3'

[8:3;W3 7MZDZ ,7=;JZMe9=3 DEFa Wa J8P W]EZOFa 3< :|OB XGj [DEQ\ La[?3Q $We[W,UF 3F $0M^, &7[?MF La[?3Q $We[W,UF 3F :g&7= Wa"F=O; ?g. FOQ) WbF\ 3XBa XW, AXO $JHBZQ 3F [Q, ,3 ,7=;JZMe[=3 Hg[QW\ JFF\ X; 8Z[X,j [:WLP BM Xe [3 [3W J\LZO; HO 3fF W\ DTZ [3BFa [DFQ B3 D; :Z,5\jB J\,Q 3H^O LaLe[OMQ $JHBZQ LP T[OI> LZ&"eJZMeQg[:J= ?g. =; ?; 8]6 K\ &W JZB Wa WXLB XW [3 OZI7;M JBO HO ,3 ,7=;JZMe[=3 F\[B JFZ' :ZF\ 8Z[X,j TX 3XBa XW, AXO $JHBZQ 3F JBO HO Be &W3Z 3ZL IfOF U]| XeFZ 8Z[X,jB ?g. 8]6 %5a 3XBa XW, AXL KZOB\MQ 3e MX We8 K\ JDQFa 3< :|OB XG [3 [JFZ ,7=;JZMe[=3 [Q, J\LZO; >;3 FX" XeB\j XO 9e=; Wa 9e=; J\LZO; HO XL IfOF ,7=;JZMe[=3 [Q4 DEBa XW 1O 4Z QaBa XWjB OX; JZB $JHBZQQ 3F W""LA 3< Be [8[3;W3Q 3Z LZFFZ XG [3 $JHBZQ LP &BFa BOX 3F LO;: XeBa XW [3 W""LA Be IHQa5Z X;j ?g. WbF\ 3XBa XW, AJ~Q 1O T_GQ 3e [JFZ 3ZOA $JHBZQ FX" Qa :ZFZ 8Z[X,j [3W\ J\LZO [OFBaDZO MZ DeJB 3e DE4Fa :ZFZ X; H&E Be Q"Ja WLM B3 TXN F z3R 1O 6O % 3O >;3 Wa WZJ]F Wa XZC-HbO Ee,7jB ,7=;JZMe9=3 3< JXW LP &BFZ Be BM XG :3 XLP &W3F [Q, F [WIa F\[B JFZF\ Xe5\ J[E3 4]D Wa WZTEZF\ K\ O4F\ Xe5\j 3K\ K\ ?g1=O 3F H]OZFa H8U 3e La9?3Q 3< w3ZF HO 9D4Z 3O DTZ F 4O;DQ F X; >;3 (W\ BOX 3< [JLZO; HO M9D :3W\ 3e QZK Xe 5MZ Xe Be (Wa 4Z,7j &F 9e=;-9e=; WZTEZ[FMQ Wa W"KT XG &W J&; :"5 3e :\BFa 3Z +MZW :3MZ :Z W3Fj WO3ZO Wa HXQa JTZJ<M 3F [Q, 4]D 3DL (>Z&,j ●

$0MMF LP UZ[LQ 8 KZOB\M UeEZC? 3Z[B_3FMF 3F 3>LZOJTZL\ 1O HDKLZ 3DIAF ?g. ,,Q,L H\:\ %'J\,L,W, L)ZW [TFT[TLZQM, 8a>F' ■ $[FQ T\ 3>LZO $L_BZ &7[J==3^= 2I La[?3Q WZ&7Wa:, 3FOQ ■ (77ZT[MF\ OE $HeQe 3QaFa5EW $JHBZQ, 3eQ3ZBZ ■ W][+MZ (HZ0MZM &7[J==3^= 2I La[?3Q WZ&7WaW, J\,8M^, TZOZAZW\ ■

52 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

■ L"DZML , [BzFZOZMA $HeQe Xg[JH=Q, 8a>F' ■ (LZ 8fEO; 1O LE] ULO H"[?B J\ ?; ULO H\:\%' &7[J==3^= 2I La[?3Q WZ&7WaW, X[OMZAZ $0MMF 3F [Q, %WZL [TFT[TLZQM, [WQ8O 3F $[LBZK K=K=Z8ZM_, JFZOW [X7v [TFT[TLZQM, TZOZAZW\ 3F LQM %O WaF 1O [X7v:Z Xg[JH=Q, L]"J' 3< HZMQ DEUHN?E, W\ Og[53W 1O , Ua=K=; Fa ,F?;,L-1 3F Hg[:[=T J7EF L]XGMZ 3OZ,j

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 53


5_X-W7:Z ,EJL [HMZ JW"B\ Wa $[KFM 3< w[FMZ LP 3DL O4Fa TZQ\ FfX;D Fa Q3<O, QZ&I LP 3K\ 3K\, $FTO, Jb8QO HZ=@, [3WZF, K^BFZC, 3>JOF 1O LV 1O [LWaW 4>FZ :bW\ [IELQ LP 3ZL [3MZj 4j^JW^OB %"4a, 8aXOE HO [4Q\ L]J3ZF 1O 3QbLOW Q]3 FfX;D 3< HX8ZF XGj :ZFBa XW FfX;D WZMOW\ 3< 4^JW^OB\ 1O GM[1B;T 3F JZOE LP (>X" Wa#

$DZ-,-[:"D5\ WRDM_

4^JW^OB\ 3F [Q, 4]U OXQ 1O 4]U O4P

L]"

J' 3F HZOW\ H[OTZO LP :>L\ FfX;D WZMOW\ 3Z TbWa Be WHFZ CZ [3 TX ,MO XeJ=EW JF 3O %WLZF LP (&Q Qa[3F [3JLB 3F H"4Q Fa (>XQ LZ?[Q"5 3F :[OMa [IELe 3F |HXQa HODE HO H#8Z [DMZj (JBZD W]EBZF 4ZF 3F LUxO CM^[:3

■ BFZT Wa vO OXB\ x7j LV 3ZL 3e H^:Z LZFB\ x7 1O

TX; L];a BOeBZ:Z K\ O4BZ XGj LaOZ LZFFZ XG [3 $59Z 3ZL 3OFZ X; H^:Z 3F JOZJO XGj 4]DZ Wa 3e' [U3ZMB FX" 1MQ[3 [:BFZ 8ZXZ, [:"D5\ Fa (WWa 7MZDZ [DMZj W"B][I= MZ B_[?B BFZT 3e 3L 3OB\ XG 1O 4^JW^OB\ 3Z L^Q %EZO K\ MX; XGj ■ FZFBZ XE3Z X; QaB\ x7j IQ MZ L^WQ\ %[Dj DeHXO 3F 4ZFa 3Z WLM BM FX" 1MQ[3 T1B [LQ X; FX" HZBZj XN, OZB 3Z 4ZFZ &[;LFZF Wa 3OB\ x7j Qa[3F MX WZDZ X; XeBZ XGj [JFZ BaQj ■ Lb [J"DZW [:"D5\ :\Fa LP M3<F O4B\ $j [3W\ 3==BZ 3e $"DO X; $"DO HZQB\ FX" $j HZ[=`MQ LP :ZB\ $, DeJBe" Wa [LQB\ $j &W DfOZF L];a :e X7WFa 3e [LQBZ XG TX 3X" F 3X" LaO; 4^JW^OB OXFa 3< 3e[UU X; XeBZ XGj ■ -WZ FX" [3 LF HOEUZF FX" XeBZ XGj 3K\ -WZ Xe Be W^I< W"5\B W]FB\ $, L];a W"5\B Wa ?MZO XGj 'FTO LP %JCZ XGj LaOE WZC J]OZ K\ XeBZ XG Be LV (Wa 'FTO 3< L:? LZF3O K^Q :ZB\ $j FIOB O4Fa MZ HZQFa Wa WaXB HO J]OZ +KZT H&BZ XGj W3ZOZ;L3BZ 3X" F 3X" XLZO; WaXB HO $59Z $WO ?ZQB\ XWj ■ JTJC OXFa 3F [Q, LV HZF\ JyB H\B\ $, J8HF Wa MX LaO; %DB XGj 8fJ\W 6"=E LP 3L Wa 3L 6 Q\=O HZF\ :|O H\B\ $j ■ 3K\-3K\ [:L K\ :ZB\ $j XZQN[3 GMJBBZ 3F 3ZOA [FM[LB :ZFZ FX" Xe HZBZ XGj ■ Lb 4^J F!D QaB\ $j F!D Wa 3e' WL;fBZ FX"j ■ U^[=75 4;L XeBa X; La3$H WZI 3O QaB\ $j ■ ;T8Z 8L3DZO JFZFa 3F [Q, :^W H\B\ $j DX; LP J7gJaO; MZ $>M IQ ?ZQ3O 4ZFZ HW"D 3OB\ $j ■ 3K\-3K\ EZ[L_3 [3BZJP H'B\ x7j &WWa :\TF 3e F, F:9O, Wa DE4Fa-:ZFFa 3Z Lf3Z [LQBZ XGj ■ [W5OE= 1O UOZJ Wa 3eWQ vO OXB\ $j ■ 8aXOE 3< BZ:5\ 3F [Q, UXD LP :OZ W\ XED; [LQZ 3O Q5ZB\ $ [:WWa 8aXOE 3< 5"D5\ vO Xe :ZB\ XGj ■ [Q@= 3Z &JBaLZQ 3L 3OB\ $ 1O W\[@MN 8'FZ HW"D 3OB\ $j &WWa IZQB^ 8J? FI= XeB\ XGj ■ [JFZ T:X 3< DTZ0" Wa HOXE: 3OB\ $j :J B3 JyB :zO; F Xe DTZ FX" 4ZB\j 3e[UU 3OB\ $ [3 6OEQ^ F]J4e" 3Z &JBaLZQ 3|7j ■ &7WZF 3< [:"D5\ LP WaXB 1O (W3F 8aXOE HO F^O [J4OZ OXE &W3F [Q, LV WL;B\ $ [3 LF 3e 4]U O4P, Qe5Q 3F 3ZL %,7 1O 9e=; W\ [:"D5\ 3e X7WBa 5]F5]FZBa [:,7j ● :ZTaD $XLD 54 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

LZFW^F LP 6O 3< DE4KZQ %:3Q ;LZ;L JZ[OU Xe OX; XGj JaU3 JZ9OU XeFa Wa 5L? Wa OZXB [LQ\ XG Qa[3F &F 9DFQ 6O 3e 4^JW^OB JFZ, O4Fa LP HOEUZF\ K\ % OX; XGj (LW KOE &W JOWZB 3F LfWL LP W\QF WJWa J&; WLJMZ XGj &W[Q, WJWa HXQa :|O; XG [3 &Wa 3L [3MZ :Z,j 1. JZ[OU 3F HZF\ 3e FZQa B3 H#8ZFa 3F [Q, Q5Z, 5, HZ&HQ LP $5O [OWZT XG Be W\QF F!T 3< D;TZOQ B3 Xe W3B\ XGj -W\ WLJMZ 6O LP Xe

Be (Wa >;3 3OTZ QP 1MQ:3 F!T LP HZF\ :ZFa Wa W\QF 3F WZC-WZC D;TZOQ K\ 3L:eO Xe :ZB\ XWj 2. HZF\ 3F [OWZT TZQa 6O LP D;L3 Q5Fa 3< W"KZTFZ K\ 7MZDZ XeB\ XGj [TUaVeQ 3< LDD QP 1O 6O 3e D;L3 L]1B JFZFa 3F (HZM 3OQj 3. &F [DFQ 3' [DFQ B3 E^H FX" [F3QB\ [:W 3ZOA 3H&E 5\Qa OX :ZBa XWj :J (>XQ %QLZO; LP O4 9DMZ :ZBZ XG Be 3H&Q LP Wa J^ %Fa Q5B\ XGj &W WLJMZ Wa [FH=Fa 3F [Q, %QLZO; LP 3H^O O4Pj MX $[B[O1B FL\ We43O 3H&Q LP J^ K\ FX" %Fa DEB\j F\L 3< H[_MN, Qg>5, FbHCQ\F JgEW MZ ,MO,FUFaW Hb3 K\ O4 W3B\ XW j 4. 6O LP JT59 XTZ 3F %Fa :ZFa 3Z HMO?B J"DeJJB XeFZ 8Z[X,j TFO FL\ 3< T:X Wa 6O LP W\QF 3< WLJMZ J' :ZB\ XGj 5. W\QF 3e 3L 3OFa 3F [Q, ,W\ MZ [?LM^[L[?IZMO Q5TZ W3Ba XWj 6. &W LfWL LP 3HLOZ, 38?M^=O Lg[F=O, ,QW\?; =EQ\[T:F %[D LP K\ I85W Q5Fa 3Z 4BOZ J' :ZBZ XGj 3HLOE 3F 3TO LP [W[Q3F Jb5 O4Pj =;T\ MZ 38?M^=O J"<F WZI 3OFa 3F [Q, Tb1M^L 1Q\FO 3Z &JBaLZQ 3OQj [UEH\


A$

WZ9X;M-W"J3D[B 3CZ-3XZF\

UZX;F F:O :>L# 15 $5JB 1961 [U^Z# L5E [TFT[TLZQM, JeE 5MZ Wa JFZB3, ,,LM^, $Q\5' Wa H23Z9OBZ LP 9??QeLZj 3XZF\ W"$X# WO 3=E Qe5j W"+[B# $OJ >M^: LP T9OI> W"HZD3j W"H3a# HeJ= Jg1W 10452, :aKZX-21432,W)D; $OJj

FZL]OZD

Ja 3LJ2B, B^ :J Oe:\ 3LZFa [F3QZ CZ Be B^Fa $HF\ 5bOB $HFa TBF LP X; Ja8 ?ZQ\ C\?B LM?HF HO F:OQ H&Ba X; LVFa [DQ X; [DQ LP (W Wa WTZQ [3MZj :J TX LaOE 3O;J Wa 5]:OZ 1O L];a $DJ Wa WQZL [3MZ Be LVFa J:Z[XO (Wa 4]U &4QZ3< Wa :JZT [DMZ, L5O [DQ X; [DQ LP (Wa KK; W\ 5ZQ\ D;j J[E3 LaOE [DQ LP %MZ [3 (Wa Oe3 Q^" 1O H^9@" [3 (W 3F $"DO 3e' 5&J& Be FX"j TX 1MQ -Wa OXBZ XG? HBZ FX" [3W [Lh\ 3Z JFZ XG MX XOZL:ZDZj F &Wa 5]JWZ %BZ XG, F UL_ %B\ XG, F &W3< 5bOB :Z5B\ XG 1O F X; &Wa LfB %B\ XGj FZL]OZD 3X" 3Zj LV [:W WBM WLZ: LP :\ OXZ $ TXN LaOE 1O LM?HF 3Z 3e' [OFBZ FX" JFBZ, &7WZ[FMB 3Z K\ FX"j MXN &Wa &7WZF 3< XG[WMB Wa QZMZ K\ FX" 5MZ XGj MXN 3F WLZ: LP &W3< XG[WMB LU\F\ 3Q-H]:M Wa 7MZDZ FX"j TX K\ -WZ 3Q-H]:O :e ,XWZWZB Wa %O; Xej MX T:ZXB &W[Q, :|O; XG [3 $J -Wa 3Q-H]:M JF 8]3F XW [:F LP KZTFZ,7 HZ' :ZB\ XWj Be LM?HF ,3 KZTFZ;L3 &7WZF XG, FX" J[E3 MQ 3XZ :Z, [3 &7WZF F]LZ ,3 [JFZ KZTFZ 3Z GM[1B XG [:W HO [:"D5\ 3< BeXLB Q5Z' :Z W3B\ XGj MX LaOE H&eW\ 3Z Ff3O XGj J:Z[XO &WWa LaOZ 3e' WOe3ZO FX"j KQZ ,3 Ff3O 3Z, TX K\ H&eW\ 3F Ff3O 3Z, [3W\ Wa 1MZ LZLQZ? L5O JOWQ Wa ,3 X; [J[E?75 LP OXBa y, LaOZ 1O &W3Z &BFZ [OFBZ Be JF X; 5MZ XG [3 :J XLZOZ WZLFZ Xe Be TX L];a $DJ Wa WQZL 3OE 1O LV (W3< 4b[OMB H^9 Q^"j A3HWZ XG LM?HF?B 1O :TZJ LP TX $HFZ J&Z WZ L]"X 4eQ 3O L]J3OZ, 1O 3XE, A$9ZjB D[14F\ KZOB 3F OZ7M 3FOQ 3Z OXFa TZQZ LM?HF =@=;-IA=; [X7wJBZF\ JeQBZ XG L5O $OJ\ IOO=EDZOj L]; Wa TX [48&; :JZF LP JZB 3OBZ XGj Ce&; [X7wJBZF\, Ce&; $OJ\ 1O Ce&; $"$a:\j A$HF $U (DW) WZFZ (WZQ) Wa :aKZX LP J=E 3OBZ $jB TX 3J $HFa 6O Wa [F3QZ, (Wa >;3 Wa MZD FX"j DW WZQ Be TX $"DZ:a Wa JeQBZ XGj 1O 3J TZHW 6O :Z,5Z, (Wa LZQ^L FX"j $HFa 6O Wa &W3Z [OFBZ 5g@= Ka:Fa 1O TXN Wa IOLZ&UP %Fa B3 W\[LB XGj &W 3F 6O LP 3fF-3fF XW, MX LV FX" :ZFBZj 3>9 Qe5Q 3Z 2MZQ XG [3 MX UZD;U]DZ XG 1O &W3< J\T\-J~a 3FOQ LP OXBa XWj L5O 3>9 vWOE Qe5Q 3Z 4MZQ XG [3 J\T\ J~a (W3F KZ' 3F XWj $J :e K\ JMZF W8 Xe, MX JZB Be XG [3 &W3F 6O HO -Wa W"J"E\ :|O XG, [:>XQ &W3< Ka:\ y' O3L 3Z &7B:ZO OXBZ XGj L5O [3W\ 3e &W3Z &7B:ZO K\ XG, &W JZOE LP U]JXZ XG, UZMD LM?HF 3e K\j LM?HF 3e :J K\ DE[4,, Ce&; DEO 3F [Q, XLDD@ 3Z :7JZ (KOBZ XGj >;3 TbWa X; :bWa OZX 8QBa [3W\ 3e'; 3e DE4 3O %H 3F $"DO &7WZ[FMB 3Z :7JZ (KOBZ XG 1O %H (W3< BOI

68 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®

De-8ZO [W13F (9ZQ 3O $HFa %H 3e W"B]I= 3O QaBa XWj LM?HF 3F [WQ[WQa LP LaO; L][F3Q MX C\ [3 LV (W3F [Q, $HFa [DQ LP (>Fa TZQ\ XLD[D`MQ 3e [W13F MZ [3W\ 1O U1Q LP @ZQ K\ FX" W3BZ CZj L5O ,3 6=FZ -W\ 6=; [:W3F JZD (W 3F [Q, [DQ LP XLDD@ 3Z :7JZ :ZBZ OXZ 1O (W 3< :5X 5]JWa Fa Qa Q\j FX" :FZJ FX", (WFa LaOE WZC 3e' JDWQ^3< MZ JDBL\:\ FX" 3<j TX -WZ 3>9 3OFa 3< WQZ9XMB X; 3XN O4BZ XG? ,3 [DF L];a 4JO [LQ\ :3 LM?HF 3F LZ[Q3ZF Fa (Wa LZOZj 1O &W BOX LZOZ [3 TX Ce&; DEO 3F [Q, JaXeU Xe 5MZj LaOE H&eW\ Fa &W 4JO 3e OZ: O4FZ 8ZXZ L5O [J[E?75 3< L[XQZ,7 &W 4JO 3e Qa (&"j AQa?;: 8bFQB Wa MX 4JO L]; B3 K\ H#8\j LaO; H;F\ Fa &W 4JO 3Z [TTOA M^" JBZMZ [3 [H9Q\ UZL :J LM?HF $HFa LZ[Q3 3< B\F WZQZ Ja=; 3e WbO 3OZ3O TZHW Qf=Z Be J~\ 3< ,3 3ZF 3< JZQ\, :e WeFa 3< C\, 5ZMJ C\j J~\ 3< LN 3F $F]WZO (W JZQ\ 3< 3<LB (BF\ 7MZDZ FX" C\ L5O TX JyB LX;TH^A_ C\, 1MQ[3 TX JZQ\ (W3< FZF\ Fa $HF\ FZBF\ 3< B\WO; WZQ[5OX 3F $TWO HO D; C\j J~\ 3< LN 3e JZQ\ 3F 5]L XeFa HO &BFZ 5]JWZ %MZ [3 3e' KZO; WZLZF (>Z 3O LM?HF 3e DE LZOZj MX WJ W]F 3O LaOZ 4^F 4fQ 5MZ 1O IfO; +[B["MZ 3F BfO HO :\ LP %MZ [3 LZFT $[E3ZO 3Z ;"?Z Qa 3O [F3Q H&@" 1O $HFa H&eW\ 3F [4QZI FZOE Q5Z)7j L5O :ED X; LaOZ :7JZ WD` H& 5MZj LVFa $HFa [DQ 3e WL;ZMZ [3 MX [X7wJBZF FX"j (JZD LP 4MZQ %MZ [3 $5O [X7wJBZF XeBZ K\ Be LV 3fF WZ &73QZJ Qa %BZ!) MX 6=FZ W]FFa 3F JZD LV [3W\ 3ZL Wa JZXO 5MZ Be 3gO;?eO LP LM?HF F:O %MZj (W3Z 8aXOZ W^:Z y% CZ, [WO HO Hh\ J"E\ y' C\j LVFa (Wa 5fO Wa DE4Zj (W3< %"4Q LP vO B3 ;N3Zj 5]JWa 3< 3e' QXO? FIOB 3< 3e' J^? &7B3ZL 3< 3e' %5? FX" WZXJ, TX Be [JQ3>Q L]DO CZj (:bWa LV JyB [:"DZ $!) $8ZF3 L]; HO ,3 XGTZF\ 3H[IMB BZO; y' 1O :\ 8ZXZ [3 LV (W3F L]"X HO ,3 6^"WZ LZ|7j TX :L\F HO [5O H&E 1O (W3F L]"X Wa KQ-KQ 4^F JXFa Q5aj [IO LV (Wa QZBQ Wa E]F 3O O4 v7j TX DD` Wa 3OZXFa Q5aj LV &BFa HO K\ JW F 3|7 1O %5a J' 3O (Wa F"5Z 3O v7 1O DE4^" [3 3LJ2B 3X" FZLD` Be FX"j 1MQ L]DOF\ W^OB JFZ, [IOBZ XGj 1OB Wa [H=BZ XG, :Q\Q XeBZ XG [IO K\ 8bF Wa [:, :Z OXZ XGj Ja5bOB 3X" 3Zj $Ja FZL]OZD, 1MZ MX %[4O; :5X XG Ff3O; 3OFa 3<? [:BF\ LaXFB B^ MXN 3OBZ XG, &BF\ $5O $HFa DEU LP OX 3O 3O OXZ XeBZ Be MXN %Fa 3< FfJB X; F %B\j

$Ja FZL]OZD, B^ TZHW 1MQ FX" 8QZ :ZBZ? 1MZ BaOE WZOE $HFa LO 8]3F XW? 1MZ WJ 3e DIF 3O 3F %MZ XG MXN? L5O LaOE BLZL WTZQZB LaOE $"DO X; 6]= 3O OX 5,j LV (WWa 3>9 K\ FX" 3X W3Zj LV (Wa 9@ K\ FX" W3Zj JW (Wa DE4BZ y% 5]:O 5MZj -WZ FX" XG [3 XL DeFQ Fa ,3vWOE 3e FX" DE4Z, ,3-vWOE 3F T:^D 3e LXW^W FX" [3MZj L5O 3K\-3K\ -WZ XeBZ XG [3 &7WZF :ZFJ^; 3O Jaz4\ JOBBZ XG 1O MX; Jaz4\ W"TZD 3Z :[OMZ JF :ZB\ XGj [Q@= B3 :ZBa-:ZBa [H9Q\ UZL 3< ,3 6=FZ [J:Q\ 3< BOX [DLZ5 LP 3RE 5'j 3Q UZL OZXDO; LP 8QBa y, ,3 W]FXO; W\ TJB] LaOE HbOQ Wa =3OZ' C\j XN UZMD... FX", FX".. UZMD...FX" M3<FF...L];a $59; BOX Wa MZD % 5MZj L5O LVFa (Wa [3W\ [4QfFa 3Z H]:O MZ 8g3Qa= 3Z OGHO WL; 3O F:O7DZ: 3O [DMZ CZj Xe F Xe TX TJB] (W J~\ 3F 3ZF 3< JZQ\ OX; Xe5\j 0X MX 1MZ 5:J Xe 5MZj Be $WQ L]:[OL LV X; $j $5O (W WLM LVFa :OZ 0MZF [DMZ XeBZ 1O JZQ\ Qa3O H&eW\ 3F MXN H^9Fa %MZ XeBZ Be &W 5O;J 3< :ZF %IB LP F %' XeB\j LaOE [DQ LP %MZ [3 HQ= 3O LM?HF 3F HZW :Z)7 1O (WWa LZI< LN5^ [3 (W HO :e 3>9 J\B\ C\ (W3Z [:CLaDZO LV CZj L5O -WZ 3XN XeBZ XG [3 &7WZF XO 4MZQ 3e $LQ\ :ZLZ HXFZ X; DE? We [Q@= 3Z DOTZ:Z 4]QZ 1O LV (W3F $"DO DZ[4Q Xe 5MZj (W 6=FZ 3e 6=E 3' [DF J\B 5, L5O LM?HF 3F WZC y' 7MZDB\ LaOE L[JBI3 HO 9Z' OX;j (W3F 6]=E y, T:^D LP L];a $HFa (& 3< JaHFZX BO[13MQ 3Z 4e=ZHF [D4BZ OXZj -W\ BO13< [3W 3ZL 3< [:W 3F Je; BQa %L &7WZF DJBZ X; 8QZ :Z,? 1MZ L3WD XG LM?HF 3< [:"D5\ 3Z? MX [3W 3F [Q, :\ OXZ XG? 3fF XG &W3F [Q, OeFa TZQZ? [IO 1MQ &BF\ LaXFB 3OBZ XG 1O :Q\Q XeBZ XG? LaO; Ja8bF\ 3Z ,3 3ZOA LaOZ $XWZW-,-:]L_ K\ CZ, 1MQ[3 TX ,3 BOX Wa LaO; 3eBZX; 3F FB\:a LP :]EL 3Z [U3ZO y% CZj 3ZU LV (W3F [Q, 3>9 3O HZBZj ,3 [DF LVFa $HF\ Ja8bF\ 3Z [:" $HF\ H;F\ Wa [3MZ Be (W Fa 3>9 1O X; 3XZF\ W]FZ'j A(W J~\ 3F 3ZF 3< JZQ\ Be 3J 3< [LQ 8]3<j (F Qe5Q 3< $HF\ 5Z&; 3< W\= LP I8W 5' C\j LVFa (W J~\ 3e Ta JZ[QMN HXFa y, K\ DE4Z XGjB LaOE $"DO 3F &73QZJ\ Fa ,3 $"5&Z' Q\j L];a Q5Z, $J L];a LZFT $[E3ZO 3Z ;"?Z Qa3O JZXO [F3Q X; :ZFZ 8Z[X,j LV LM?HF 3e (W3F LZ[Q3 3F [4QZI K&3Z)75Zj KQZ MX K\ 3e' JZB y' [JFZ 3ZOA ,3 5O;J HO :]EL @ZMZj 3>9 DEO JZD

OE4N3F# w5O D_

6O Wa [F3QZ Be LM?HF OZJBa LP [LQ 5MZj (W3F XZC LP ,3 H]OZFZ LeJZ&Q IeF CZj TX JyB 4]U F:O % OXZ CZj L];a DE4Ba X; QX3 3O WQZL [3MZj XLaUZ 3< BOX LVFa (W3< 4b[OMB H^9; Be %: (WFa 3FTQ A$9ZB FX" 3XZ J[E3 $HFa LeJZ&Q IeF 3e [D4ZBa y, JeQZ, A3FOQ LP $HFa JB LP XZ[BI (=EQ\IeF) Q5 5MZ XGj $K\ $HF H;F\ yOLZ Wa WQZL :3MZjB MX W^8FZ (WFa &W $DZ Wa D; :bWa H;F\ Wa JZB 3O FX" J[E3 (W3F WZC OZB 5]:ZO 3O % OXZ Xej LVFa &4QZ3F (W3F 6O TZQQ 3< 4b[OMB H^9 Q\ [:W 3F :TZJ LP (WFa 3XZ, AXLZOZ yOLZ JeQZ, Ja=; 3Z Lb[O: [I1W 3O [DMZ XGjB A$59Z Be $J B]L 6O :Z05a?B L];a 4]U\ y' [3 &W JDFW\J 3e %[4O3ZO 6O :ZFa 3Z ,3 JXZFZ Be [LQZj AFX" WZXJ, $HF [3DO :Z,5,B (WFa JyB UNB %TZ: LP :TZJ [DMZ, A$HF &DO Wa z[HMZ Ka:a5Zj UZD; LP KeB 48O XGjB● ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v® 69

(W 6=FZ 3e 6=E 3' [DF J\B 5, L5O LM?HF 3F WZC y' 7MZDB\ LaOE L[JBI3 HO 9Z' OX; j


% ' FZ

W]U\Q 5eJTZL\

WZ9X;M-W"J3D[B FOL-5OL

BZ:Z &[BXZW 3< [8"BZ,7

[TJLMJeE3 +FF XG, &W DEU 3F [H9Qa WZ> WZQ 3HWa 5]:OE!? $K\ 3>9 WLM HXQa B3 3e' [I3O FX" C\, HO $J &W +FF HO [8"BZ 3OFZ &W[Q, :|O; Xe 5MZ XG [3 [H9Qa 3>9 TVU LP HbDZ Xe 5, J~Q 3e BZ:Z &[BXZW 3< MZF\ [H9Qa WZ> JOW 3< :ZF3ZO; DEF\ XGj 3eW_ 3F [XWZJ Wa (Wa [WQ[WQaTZO [Q43O OeLaU :eU\ H'ZFZ XGj DEU 3F J^'E, $Ea& XeFa :Z OXE :TZFQ 3e Be &F TVU 3F JZOE LP JyB 3>9 HBZ XG, 3>9 $HFa [F:\ $F]KT K\ XW, L5O (F3F LF LP W"3e8 Xe W3BZ XG [3 %:ZD; 3F JZD &F TVU LP :e K\ y%, :bWa K\ y% 1O [:WFa K\ [3MZ (W3Z 3~Z-[8iZ TX $HFa 6O LP Jb>3O LN-JXFQ 3F WZLFa 3HWa 4eQP? O1B8ZH, LE]LaX 1O 9DQ 3F LO;: 1O 6O 3F J&E-J^@Q 3F %5a &W WJ3< 88O 3OFa HO 5"K\O H[OAZL K\ Xe W3Ba XWj &W\ [3JL 3F JTZJ<M 1O Fb[B3 %$XQ 3F 8QBa J~Q

3e J\Ba 9X DU3Q 3F BZ:Z &[BXZW 3< :ZF3ZO; 6OEQ^ .eB Wa FX" 3F JOZJO [LQ HZ OX; XGj &W[Q, 3>9 WLM Wa [U3ZMB % OX; C\ [3 &W [TJLMJeE3 +FF HO 3e' [8"BZ FX" 3O OXZ XGj LV FaBZ0" 3< JZB FX" 3O OXZ, (F3Z Be 3ZL X; [8"BZ 3OFZ XGj [8"BZ 3F $QZTZ $5O Ta 1O 3>9 K\ >;3 Wa 3O HZBa, Be %: &W +FF HO [8"BZ 3OFa 3< -W\ [8"BZ:F3 [JC[B FX" JFB\j >;3 Wa MZD 3OQ Be %H3e K\ 3>9 -Wa FaBZ MZD % W3Ba XW, :e [H9Qa J\W-B\W JOW Wa MX; [8"BZ 3O OXE XW [3 XZM, ,3 [DF -WZ K\ %,5Z, :J DEU 3< %:ZD; 3e WZ> WZQ 5]:O :Z,75aj $HF\ H]OZF\ %DB 3F 8QBa, TX %: K\ &W +FF HO [8"BZ 3O OXE XQ Be %F8M_ FX"j 3>9 6=FZ0" 3e MZD 3O3F Be Q5BZ XG, (>XQFa 3' JZO 5"K\O 3e[UU K\ 3< C\ [3 WZ> WZQ H^OE F Xe HZ,7, L5O MX $Q5 Qa4 3Z [TVM XGj $K\ Be [U3ZMB J[E3 LN5 MX Xe OX; XG [3 FaBZ0" 3e FX", 3>9 WL;DZO Qe5e" 3e, 3>9 WBM Qe5Q 3e, 3>9 H'E-[Q4Q 3e K\ &W JZB 3< [8"BZ 3OF\ 8Z[X,j 3>9 $[FTZW\ KZOB\M K\ [8"BZ 3O QP Be 1O JaXBO, +FF HO &CHe=N? 3Z >?HZ Q5 :Z,5Zj &W [U3ZMB 3F 3ZOA MZ HBZ FX" J~Q 3F &[BXZW 3< [3BZJ 3F 3>9 H>Fa 4ZQ\ 9@= OXE Ca &W 3ZOA, $HF\ [U^Z, UeE 1O +[U^A 3< OZI7;M H[OVD MZ[F ,FW\'%O=; Fa &W +FF 3< [8"BZ 3O ?ZQ\ 1O 3>9 8][F"DZ Qe5Q 3e MX 3ZL WRH [DMZ, A:Z0 1O DEU 3F [H9Qa WZ> JOW 3F &[BXZW 3e 3>9 -W\ J=Z&Q LP [Q4 QZ0, [:Wa 3eW_ LP Q5Z3O J~Q 3e H'ZMZ :Z W3FjB $HFa DEU 3< %:ZD; 3Z &EO 3< JZ:^ [:BFZ K\ &[BXZW %H3Z DE4aQZ XG, [Q4 ?ZQe (Waj HO UB_ XG, -Wa [Q4FZ [3 J~Q 3e H'Z W3ej FaX|, &7[DOZ 3< BZO;I 3OE5Z 1O 8OA 8OA, DETa5f&Z MZ 5]:OZQ 3e 9e& DE5Z, Be 1MZ M^H\, 3FO=3, H":ZJ TZQZ 9e&E5Z BaOE 3Aj 1O ;^>; BZO;I 3OE5Z Be 1MZ &[BXZW W~Z OXE5Z? [IO 1MZ 3OFZ? $H]F JBZBZ XGj HXQZ MX [3 J~Q Wa LZI< LN5 Q\ :Z,, AWgO; JgM: ,7? 5EW_, &W DEU 3Z BZ:Z &[BXZW $K\ Xg= XGj B]CXZOE H'Fa QZM3 FX" XGj Ce&E J&E Xe :Z0, Be 4]D @@7'3O H' QaFZjB vWOZ W];ZT &W DEU 3< :FBZ 3< 0O Wa FaBZ0" 3e DEFZ 8ZXBZ $, ALaXOJZF, :e Xe 5MZ We Xe 5MZ, $J 3>9 -WZ 3ZL 3<[:, [3 3L Wa 3L $5Qa WZ> WZQ 3Z &[BXZW H'Fa QZM3 JF W3FjB ●

OE4N3F# w5O D_

70 ¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚU w®v®


»é Ì»ê H\HQ\ QZ&T 3< Qa43 1O [FDNU3 $F]VZ [O:T\ 3< [IEL U]| Be [3WZFQ 3< %;LX;MZ :bWa 5"K\O L]KE Wa XeB\ XG Qa[3F 4;L XeBa-XeBa L\[?MZ 3Z F"5Z FZ8 +L]4BZ HZ QaBZ XGj HaU XG [IEL Wa :]&E 3>9 WTZQQ HO $F]VZ 3F :TZJ#

&EO-(EO W?BO75

%;LJeE DEBZ WaTZ 3LQ KGM JCZH;M 1O ELMBO %0MZ[;L3 UN[B 3< DC[I= Wa 5]z 3zAZ3OA 3< WL_[B LP JFZ JLZO3 TZJB[T3 $C_ LP 3LQ L"[DO XGj 3>Q 50 3Oe& zHMa LP 91 I>= )78a 1O 84 I>= 3F 6aOE LP JFa &W L"[DO 3Z (D6Z=F OZI7H[B +[BKZ DET\ [W"X HZ[=Q Fa [3MZj 3FOQ 3F [Bz$F"BH]OL 3F JZXO; &QZ3F 3F HeCaF3e? 5NT 3F W"B[59O LP L"[DO TX" JFZ XG, :XN 5]z:\ Fa DEX ;MZ5\ C\j 5]z:\ 3F K1B KaDKZT [3, [JFZ 5O;JQ 3F 9XBZC_ 3ZM_"L 8QZBa XWj

H\HQ\ QZ&T DE4Ba y, Qe5 X7WBa :ZBa XW :J[3 [IEL [3WZFQ 3< %;LX;MZ HO XG? [IEL 3e :ZFJ^;3O Qe5Q 3e X7WZFa 3F [Q, FX" JFZMZ 5MZ XGj &WLP 3e' 3gLa?; XG X; FX"j JaXD 5"K\O [3JL 3< [IEL XGj DU_3 X7WBa XW &W3F +JB][B-

WTM KT"B] W][4F# &7DfO LP %0MZ[;L3 5]z KbDM^ LXZOZ: 3F WZ[>F0M LP 5]z H^[A_LZ HO OZI7;M ,3BZ 3Z %TZF :3MZ 5MZj WLZ: WaT\ HQK^VA $>FZ X:ZOE 3e LZFTBZ WaTZ H]OJ3ZO Wa WCLZ[FB [3MZ 5MZj $>FZ X:ZOE 3F UAD Ca, AJDQZT 3< JMZO [WIa M]TZ0" 3F TU 3< X; JZB XGjB DEUKO Wa :]=E $Q5-$Q5 ELU 3F [TMZFQ 3F WZC M]TZ U[1B Fa K\ ,3BZ 3Z W"3EH [QMZj

De DEU %TZ: ,3 HZ[3JBZF 1O [X7wJBZF 3< %TZ: [LQ\ 1O WK\ 3X (>E, TZX 9e=E (JBZD! J=ZO =;T\ 3F 3ZM_"L $L^Q 9e=E (JBZD LP KZOB-HZ[3JBZF 3F J~Q Fa WfXZD` 3< w%,7 LN5\j D;[H3Z HZw3eA Fa Jb?[L"=F 4aQZ, Be F\Q [F[BF L]3FU Fa Jg[1W"5 3F H"8 %:LZ,j HO QiM :\B MZ XZO FX" JW UN[B 3F H[O7DE 3< %TZ: 3e HOTZ: DEFZ CZj

¥æ©UÅUÜé· = çâÌ¢ÕÚUU U w®v® 71

3OA 3< T:X Wa 1O MX X7W\ K\ JZD LP %H3e 8]KF X; DE :ZB\ XGj BZO;I 3OFa TZQQ LP $[LBZK J~F K\ UZ[LQ XWj 1MZ 3XQ5\? JyB 4]U $j XNQZ[3 &W 4]U\ 3e GM1B 3O HZFZ L][F3Q XGj $[LBZK J~F :bWZ GM[1B LaO; +U"WZ 3OE, MX TZ3' (;WZX J'ZFa TZQ\ JZB XGj H\HQ\ QZ&T 3Z %&9?MZ %[LO 4ZF B3 3HWa H#8Z? &W [T8ZO 3< U]]z%B TV_ 2004 LP [3WZFQ 3< %;LX;MZ 3< 4JO DE43O y'j %[LO 4ZF 3e '-LaQ 3F :9O, :IEL 3Z %&9?MZ Ka:Z 5MZj TV_ 2005 3F $"B B3 TX [IEL JFZFa HO OZ:\ Xe 5,j 3' Qe5 [IEL Wa WXLB FX" XW? WTZQ WXL[B 3Z FX" XGj [IEL 3< 3' 8\:P Qe5Q 3e 8]K\, &W\ JXZFa [3WZFQ 3< %;LX;MZ :bWa L]KQ HO JZB Xe OX; XGj %Ea Wa 7MZDZ KZOB 3HWZ XG H\HQ\ QZ&T MX [D4ZFa LP 3ZLMZJ OXZj $:\B [W"X


Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.