Aegagropila linnaei
Order No. 364 • PG 25 | 30036 Superball • PG 24 | 967 Nano • PG 24 | A40
Order No. 970 • PG 4 | 30055 plant-it • PG 5 | A03
Aegagropila linnaei is a very peculiar little aquarium plant. It is a ball-shaped species of green algae with a velvety surface. This form is rarely found in nature; usually they grow in flatter, carpet-like colonies. The interesting round shape is created by gentle wave action along the substrate. Because they tend to grow extremely slowly, moss balls are very popular for use in nano cubes and other small aquariums. Combined with stones and roots they give rise to highly attractive designs and layouts.
This new variety only came onto the market a few years ago, and makes a colourful foreground highlight. In emersed hydroponic systems, its growth is very similar to other Alternanthera varieties. The compact, miniature format only develops under water. This little beauty comes highly recommended as a splash of colour for nano cubes. For a strong colour contrast, combine with a carpet of light green Hemianthus. Note that a very light, well-lit location is essential.
Genus :
Aegagropila
Genus :
Alternanthera
Species :
linnaei
Species :
reineckii ‘Mini‘
Family :
Cladophoraceae
Family :
Amaranthaceae
Native to
Eastern Europe, East Asia, Japan
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Foreground up to 10 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 10 cm
Light :
medium – low
Light :
highstrong – medium
Temperature :
10 - 26 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
very slow
Growth :
slow
pH:
6-8,5
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : medium to very hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l Division
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Alternanthera reineckii ´Bronze´
Order No. 100 • PG 3 | A05
Alternanthera reineckii ´Red Ruby´
Order No. 30037 • PG 4 | A18
“Parrot leaf” types are vivid stem plants. People have been cultivating them for centuries and their popularity has never waned. The ‘Bronze’ colourway is so called due to the olive olive-green to reddish-brown hue of its submersed leaves. These plants are recommended for beginners since they are robust and very easy to look after. The beautiful foliage colours develop even under normal lighting conditions. Individual stems should be planted 3–- 4 cm apart to create a highimpact group.
The variety ‘Red Ruby‘ is a very pretty new cultivar which is a type of Alternanthera reineckii. The most noticeable feature is the ruby red venation on the leaves, which stands out clearly from the red background colour. The growth rate is a little slower than for Alternanthera reineckii ‘Red‘ and ‘Bronze‘. This means with good lighting you can also cultivate this red beauty in a 30 l cube. In large aquaria you should plant around 15 - 20 stems to achieve an impressive group of plants, which harmonises best with „green“ neighbours.
Genus :
Alternanthera
Genus :
Alternanthera
Species :
reineckii ‘Bronze‘
Species :
reineckii ´Red Ruby´
Family :
Amaranthaceae
Family :
Amaranthaceae
Native to
South America
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 40 cm
Light :
strong – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
medium
Growth :
medium
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness :
soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings , side shoots
CO2: Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Alternanthera reineckii ‚Lila‘
34 | Plants from A - Z
Alternanthera reineckii ´Mini´
Order No. 30054 plant-it • PG 5 | A06
Alternanthera reineckii ´Red´
Order No. 107 • PG 3 | 110 XXL • PG 9 | A04
The vibrant purple-coloured underside of the leaves gave this variety its name. The surface of the leaves is wine red to deep red in colour. With good lighting, the shoots are very compact and the leaves are close together. As a result of its very slow growth, this colourful stem plant is also suitable for the midground. However it must be continuously trimmed so that the background plants do not become obscured. A nutrient-rich substrate and a good CO2 supply guarantee successful cultivation in the aquarium.
No other stem plant can boast colours as rich as those in this particular variety. Brown-red through cherry red hues drift over the stems, and the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves. To ensure that you get the most intense colours, this plant needs good lighting and an adequate supply of CO2. Speed of growth is generally average, so it is advisable to trim the stems every 6–8 weeks. In discus aquariums this South American plant adds a splash of colour when combined with sword plants.
Genus :
Alternanthera
Genus :
Alternanthera
Species :
reineckii ‘Lila‘
Species :
reineckii ‘Red‘
Family :
Amaranthaceae
Family :
Amaranthaceae
Native to
South America
Native to
South America
Area/height :
Midground background up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
high - medium
Light :
strong–medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28°C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
medium
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l Tip cuttings, side shoots
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Propagation :
Tip cuttings, side shoots
Plants from A - Z | 35
Ammannia gracilis
Order No. 119 • PG 4 | A08
Order No. 30068 • PG 7 | A19.2
Ammannia gracilis is a vibrantly coloured stem plant from West Africa. In the emersed form the plant is rather unremarkable with ovate green leaves. With good lighting, the plant displays a wonderful brown-red colouring under water. A good CO2 supply and nutrient-rich substrate are certainly important requirements for it to flourish magnificently. It can grow up to 60 cm tall, making this African stem plant suitable for the middle to background. Due to its rapid growth rate, the shoot tips should be replanted regularly.
Anubias barteri is the most popular species of Anubias with numerous leaf shapes. The ‚Coin Leaf‘ variety has been propagated using targeted selection and forms striking round leaves with a diameter of 5-6 cm. As with all Anubias species, this variety is also low-maintenance and particularly easy to care for. It grows best attached to roots or stones. When planted directly into the substrate the rhizome should be easily visible as otherwise it can easily rot.
Genus :
Ammannia
Genus :
Anubias
Species :
gracilis
Species :
barteri ´Coin Leaf´
Family :
Lythraceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Senegambia
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Background up to 60 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 30 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
medium - low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 – 28°C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-9
Water hardness :
soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Propagation : Rhizome cuttings
Ammania praetermissa
Order No. 721 • PG 4 | A10
0 - 10 mg/l
Anubias barteri var. coffeifolia
Order No. 103 • PG 7 | A19.1
The origins of this small-leaved plant have not yet been determined. nesaea is a decorative plant with ruby red leaves. to ensure successful cultivation it must have soft water, strong lighting and an adequate supply of CO2. since growth is generally very slow, you can plant stems around 3 cm tall in the front of an aquarium to add a vibrant highlight to the foreground. Cut it back after few weeks.
The clue to this plant’s appearance is in the name coffeifolia, which means “with leaves like the coffee plant” and refers to Coffea arabica. Anubias barteri var. coffeifolia grows very slowly, with striking leaves that start out red. As the leaves grow they gradually turn a dark green colour. With their small size and slow growth rate, these Anubias are ideal for a 30 L nano cube. Create a gorgeous underwater jungle by combining these Anubias with mosses and ferns.
Genus :
Ammania
Genus :
Anubias
Species :
praetermissa
Species :
barteri var. coffeifolia
Family :
Lythraceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
unknow
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Midground up to 15 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 15 cm
Light :
high
Light :
medium–low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-9
Water hardness : very soft to medium
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Propagation : Rhizome cuttings
Anubias barteri
Order No. 111 • PG 7 | 197 XXL • PG 13 | A19
0 - 10 mg/l
Anubias barteri var. glabra
Order No. 30069 • PG 7 | A19.3
Anubias are very slow-growing marsh plants suited to low-light environments. They can’t bear strong light over a lengthy period. Anubias barteri is a highly variable plant with leaves that vary in size and number . With its dark green, slightly firm leaves it is often used in cichlid aquariums. In the wild, Anubias grow in shaded to semi-shaded locations in fast-flowing rivers and streams; sometimes emersed, growing on stones or logs, and sometimes semi-emersed.
This Anubias is also known as Anubias minima, but is a type of barteri var.glabra. This leaf variety grows especially well and can also grow well in the substrate. The most striking features are the pointed lanceolate leaves that are up to 15 cm long. This is a significant feature distinguishing it from the usually round or oval leaves of the other Anubias species. Due to its slow growth rate it is also possible to successfully cultivate it in smaller aquaria.
Genus :
Anubias
Genus :
Anubias
Species :
barteri
Species :
barteri var. glabra
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
West Africa
Native to
West Africa
Area/height :
Midground up to 40 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 25 cm
Light :
medium–low
Light :
medium - low
Temperature :
22 - 28°C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-9
pH:
5-9
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l
Propagation : Rhizome cuttings
36 | Plants from A - Z
Anubias barteri ´Coin Leaf´
0 - 10 mg/l
Propagation : Rhizome cuttings
Plants from A - Z | 37
Anubias barteri var. nana
Order No. 781 • PG 5 | 117 XXL • PG 12 | A21
Anubias nana ´Pinto´
Called Dwarf Spear Leaf in the trade, this is one of the most popular aquarium plants there are. These are outstanding foreground plants that require only a minimum of care. Special attention must be paid to the rhizome when planting: the thickened rootstalk must not be covered with substrate. These small Anubias grow best when tied to stones or roots (see Mbuna trees on page 78). They are frequently used with cichlids from the Malawi and Tanganyika Lakes. This is an especially decorative example, shown growing among rocks.
The ‚Pinto‘ Anubias is a quirk of nature that has been propagated from a normal green population using selection. The light green variegation can be more or less pronounced, so only the most beautiful plants are propagated further in the production plant. This variety is very slow-growing and requires more light than the original green form. Due to its small size, the ‚Pinto‘ makes an attractive addition to Nano Cubes and can also be used to catch the eye in aquascaping. This new plant creates excellent contrast on black lava rock and on dark coloured roots.
Genus :
Anubias
Genus :
Anubias
Species :
barteri var.nana
Species :
nana ´Pinto´
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
West Africa
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Foreground 5 - 10 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 8 cm
Light :
medium–low
Light :
medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
very slow
pH:
5-9
pH:
5-9
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l
Propagation : Rhizome cuttings
Anubias barteri var. nana ´Bonsai´
0 - 10 mg/l
Propagation : Rhizome cuttings, side shoots
Order No. 744 • PG 8 | A21.3
Anubias hastifolia
Order No. 229 • PG 7 | A17
It certainly doesn’t get any smaller than this! This is probably the smallest Anubias in the world and is a real asset to any aquascape. In terms of cultivation and care it is just as robust as the original, but needs a little more light to produce a lovely, compact mound. This dwarf form can be used in a 10 L nano cube or larger. These plants have a most natural appearance when tied to delicate roots or driftwood. Red swamp wood is perfectly suited to this purpose. Alternatively, showcase your ‚bonsai’ Anubias on decorative rocks.
This spear leaf variety is best used in the background of larger aquariums. It is very distinctive with its long stalks and unique leaf base shape. Older leaves form arrow-shaped leaf blades, which are not visible when the plant is still juvenile. Given time, mature plants can reach up to 1 m in size in a very large and open aquarium. Easily satisfied when it comes to care, although leaves that are too large can be removed. Cut the stalk close to the rhizome.
Genus :
Anubias
Genus :
Anubias
Species :
barteri var.nana ‘Bonsai‘
Species :
hastifolia
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
West Africa
Area/height :
Foreground up to 5 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 100 cm
Light :
medium–low
Light :
medium–low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
very slow
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-9
pH:
5-9
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation :
Side shoots from the rhizome
Propagation : Rhizome division
Anubias barteri var. nana ´Gold´
38 | Plants from A - Z
Order No. 30030 • PG 7 | A21.7
Order No. 785 • PG 7 | A21.6
0 - 10 mg/l
Anubias heterophylla
Order No. 144 XXL • PG 12 | A15
This is another new variety of the Dwarf Spear Leaf called ‘Gold’. It was discovered in cultivation at a nursery in Taiwan. After the initial isolation period it took several years to establish a stable stock. With leaves ranging in colour from light green to yellow-gold, it is significantly different from the other, darker green types of Anubias. The lighting should not be too weak, as this makes the leaves turn darker.
The name heterophylla means: “different leaves”, referring to the different shapes of the leaves on these plants. This is a variety that can grow slightly larger and is very well suited to submerged cultivation in aquariums. The leaves are slightly lighter in colour than other types of Anubias. Depending on the size of your aquarium, these are suitable for midground or background planting. Normal lighting is sufficient to ensure slow growth. Like all Anubias, this type is highly adaptable when it comes to water quality.
Genus :
Anubias
Genus :
Anubias
Species :
barteri var.nana ‘Gold‘
Species :
heterophylla
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
West Africa
Area/height :
Foreground 5 - 10 cm
Area/height :
Midground or background up to 60 cm
Light :
medium
Light :
medium–low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28°C
Growth :
very slow
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-9
pH:
5-9
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation :
Side shoots from the rhizome
Propagation : Rhizome division
0 - 10 mg/l
Plants from A - Z | 39
Aponogeton boivinianus
Order No. 402 • PG 2 | A26 Bulb with shoot
Order No. 404 • PG 2 | A41 Bulb with shoot
A tuberous plant from the aquatic monocot family. This is one of the most attractive types of Aponogeton for aquariums. Its vibrant green, transparent leaves are arresting. In addition, the leaf blades have an extraordinary texture. As soon as the plant’s growth begins to slow, it should be given a period of rest, during which it needs cool water and dimmed light. The best way to achieve this is to move it into a small, separate aquarium for around 3 to 4 months. It is then ready to be replanted into your tank.
As with A. henkelianus, the most striking feature is the lattice texture of the leaf blades. The size and shape of the leaves may vary, depending on the origin of the tuber. The same conditions apply to this collector’s special, in terms of cultivation, as to A. henkelianus. For “plant freaks” of course it presents the same kind of cultivation challenge as a tricky fish. Floating plants such as Salvinia and Limnobium are ideal companions to provide shade during rest periods.
Genus :
Aponogeton
Genus :
Aponogeton
Species :
boivinianus
Species :
madagascariensis
Family :
Aponogetonaceae
Family :
Aponogetonaceae
Native to
Madagascar
Native to
Madagascar
Area/height :
Background up to 60 cm
Area/height :
Midground 20 - 40 cm
Light :
strong–medium
Light :
medium
Temperature :
20 - 26 °C
Temperature :
20 - 26 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
Moderate
pH:
6-8
pH:
5-7,5
Water hardness : medium to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Seeds
Propagation :
Seeds
Aponogeton henkelianus
Order No. 405 • PG 2 | A51 Bulb with shoot
Aponogeton ulvaceus
Order No. 403 • PG 2 | A70 Bulb with shoot
As with A. boivinianus, this aquatic plant comes from Madagascar. The leaves have an eye-catching and unusual lattice structure. This variety is very challenging in terms of care, even for plant experts. Fairly strong currents and cool temperatures are beneficial. Regular rest periods at low temperatures with minimal light are essential to ensure that you have a beautiful plant for many years to come.
Unusual aquatic plant with vellum-like, heavily crimped leaves. This is a much loved variety in the aquarium world . Older plants can have up to 50 leaves – an impressive sight. The ideal water temperature of 24–-28 °C is higher than for similar plants. Again, it is advisable to give these plants a rest period. Remove the tuber and place it in a pot filled with sand. Spray infrequently for around two months before replacing in the aquarium.
Genus :
Aponogeton
Genus :
Aponogeton
Species :
henkelianus
Species :
ulvaceus
Family :
Aponogetonaceae
Family :
Aponogetonaceae
Native to
Madagascar
Native to
Madagascar
Area/height :
Background up to 60 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 70 cm
Light :
medium
Light :
strong–medium
Temperature :
20 - 26 °C
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-7,5
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Seeds
Propagation :
Seeds
Aponogeton longiplumulosus
40 | Plants from A - Z
Aponogeton madagascariensis
Order No. 406 • PG 2 | A53 Bulb with shoot
Bacopa australis
Order No. 108 • PG 4 | B20
This tuberous plant from northwest Madagascar comes highly recommended for aquariums. It is easy to cultivate; it just needs to be given enough space. The scalloped leaves are highly decorative and are best presented in a subtle scheme – for example combined with Mayaca bog moss. A. longiplumulosus can live for many years in an aquarium environment. During rest periods it stops growing, but after a few months it does start to produce new leaves. There is no need to remove the bulb from the aquarium at any point.
The stem plant, Bacopa australis, has only recently become available on the market. We found this verdant beauty during our Plantahunter tour of Brazil in 2010. At the source of the Rio Sucuri we discovered some gorgeous specimens living in crystal clear water alongside other aquarium plants. This plant is very easy to cultivate. When emersed the leaves are smaller and fleshier, whereas in aquariums they are very fragile and thin. We recommend regular pruning to create a compact group.
Genus :
Aponogeton
Genus :
Bacopa
Species :
longiplumulosus
Species :
australis
Family :
Aponogetonaceae
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Native to
Madagascar
Native to
Brasilien, Argentinien
Area/height :
Background up to 60 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
strong–medium
Light :
high - medium
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-8
pH:
6-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Seeds
Propagation :
Tip cuttings, side shoots
Plants from A - Z | 41
Bacopa caroliniana
Order No. 622 • PG 3 | 30022 XXL • PG 9 | B10 A stem plant that is one of the classic aquarium plants. It grows much more slowly than other stem plants, and needs a well-lit location to help it produce the pretty brown-coloured leaves. Emersed plants are pure green and display obvious hairs on the stems. Place in a large group to achieve the most appealing effect, ideally with the stems arranged in order of ascending height toward the back of the tank. The effect is more harmonious for the observer.
Genus :
Bacopa
Species :
caroliniana
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Native to
The Americas
Area/height :
Background up to 40 cm
Light :
strong
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Growth :
moderate
pH:
6-8
Water hardness : soft to hard CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Blyxa japonica
Order No. 342 • PG 5 | B70 Stunning, grass-like foreground plant. Takashi Amano’s fantastic tank compositions have really pushed this plant into the limelight. In the wild it only grows submersed in slow-moving, shaded water. This plant is known for being very demanding. Still, it can be grown if you take care of the important factors such as adequate light, CO2 supplementation, and nutrient-rich substrate. A large group of B. japonica makes a real spectacle in an aquarium. With very strong lighting these plants will show intense red colouring. Genus :
Blyxa
Species :
japonica
Family :
Hydrocharitaceae
Native to
Ostasien
Area/height :
Foreground up to 15 cm
Light :
strong
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-7
Water hardness : soft to medium CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Side shoots
Bolbitis heudelotii
Order No. 905 • PG 6 | B55 This Congolese water fern grows in habitats like those where Anubias are found. Its powerful rhizome covers stones and roots like a carpet along the banks of rivers and streams. Submersed fronds are dark green, transparent, and incredibly ornamental. Avoid strong light for this plant since it prefers shade. It also prefers fairly strong water movement, e.g., near a filter. A good CO2 supply will ensure lush growth. We highly recommend binding these plants to wood and roots.
Genus :
Bolbitis
Species :
heudelotii
Family :
Lomariopsidaceae
Native to
Africa
Area/height :
Midground up to 50 cm
Light :
medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-7
Water hardness : soft to slightly hard CO2:
In the jungle of the arums The relatively unknown genus Bucephalandra belongs to the Araceae (arum) family and is an endemic species native to Borneo. In 2013 we set about investigating these small plants and collecting a few plants for propagation. In its natural habitat, Bucephalandra grows in riparian zone of jungle streams and cascades. Here primarily rocks and large stones are covered with dense, firmly fixed mats. So they are also known as rheophytes, which means they colonise fast-flowing watercourses with a varying water levels.
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation : Rhizome division
42 | Plants from A - Z
Plants from A - Z | 43
Bucephalandra spec. ´Mini Needle Leaf´
Order No. 30071 • PG 7 | B41
Cabomba aquatica
This miniature plant is probably a type of Bucephalandra pygmaea, which generally colonises larger rocks and stones in its natural habitat. It is often also found in a community with larger growing species of Bucephalandra or other arum genera. The ‚Mini Needle Leaf‘ variety is extremely slow-growing and is especially suitable for delicate aquascaping landscapes in the Scaper‘s tank or Nano Cube. Like all Bucephalandra species, it is easy and simple to care for. The use of small algae cleaners such as Amano shrimps or Clithon snails is recommended.
Slender-tipped aquatic plant from South America that needs a lot of light. Leaf blades look like feathered fans, giving this plant an extremely graceful appearance. Soft water is absolutely essential for successful cultivation. If the tops of any shoots reach the water’s surface, the plant may produce small floating leaves and yellow flowers. This is another stem plant that belongs in a group of several stems. Combine Cambomba aquatica with the large leaves of the Echinodorus for an attractive contrast.
Genus :
Bucephalandra
Genus :
Cabomba
Species :
spec. ´Mini Needle Leaf´
Species :
aquatica
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Cabombaceae
Native to
Borneo
Native to
South America
Area/height :
Foreground up to 2 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
medium - low
Light :
strong
Temperature :
20 – 28°C
Temperature :
22 - 26 °C
Growth :
very slow
Growth :
strong
pH:
5-8
pH:
6-7
Water hardness : soft to medium
Water hardness : soft
CO2:
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Rhizome cuttings
Bucephalandra spec. ´Wavy Leaf´
Order No. 30070 • PG 5 | B40
Cabomba caroliniana
Order No. 613 • PG 2 | C10
A new genus takes aquatics by storm! The endemic genus Bucephalandra is only found in Borneo and like the Cryptocorynes and Anubias it belongs to the arum family. The exact scientific definition is currently very uncertain, so we get the name of this variety from the habit of the plant. Bucephalandra species are epiphytes and should therefore be attached to stones and roots. The ‚Wavy Leaf‘ variety grows especially vigorously and is a decorative beauty. An ideal plant for Nano Cubes!
This green Cabomba, named after its home in the Carolinas, USA , is a frequent feature in aquariums thanks to its excellent growth habit. It is far less demanding in terms of light than the Cabomba aquatica. It grows at astounding speed, which makes frequent pruning of the stems a must. We also recommend replanting the topmost stems that have strong shoots. Remove the lower section that has been cut from the substrate. If any shoots reach the water’s surface they will form small white flowers.
Genus :
Bucephalandra
Genus :
Cabomba
Species :
spec. ´Wavy Leaf´
Species :
caroliniana
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Cabombaceae
Native to
Borneo
Native to
North America, South America
Area/height :
Foreground up to 8 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 80 cm
Light :
medium - low
Light :
strong–medium
Temperature :
20 – 28°C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
very fast
pH:
5-8
pH:
6-7
Water hardness : soft to medium
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Rhizome cuttings
Dwarves from the oldest jungle in the world
Cabomba furcata
Over the coming years, many more attractive Bucephalandra species and varieties will impress plant enthusiasts – some are already being propagated in our plant laboratory!
Bucephalandra spec. ´Dark Leaf´
Order No. 615 • PG 4 | C12
Bucephalandra spec. ´Giant Wavy Leaf´
Bucephalandra spec. ´Mini Slim Leaf´
Order No. 616 • PG 4 | C20 This red Cabomba is the trickiest of the Cabombas listed here. Under strong light this South American aquatic develops wine-coloured, whorled leaves in its natural habitat. In an aquarium, without the powerful equatorial light, it is almost impossible to maintain the colour intensity over time. Soft, crystal clear water is also crucial to ensure that you have many years’ enjoyment from this magnificent stem plant. Both leaves and flowers are very attractive, ranging from violet to pink.
Genus :
Cabomba
Species :
furcata
Family :
Cabombaceae
Native to
Central and South America
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
strong
Temperature :
22 - 26°C
Growth :
fast
pH:
6-7
Water hardness : soft
Bucephalandra spec. ´Apple Leaf´
44 | Plants from A - Z
Bucephalandra spec. ´Mini Round Leaf´
Bucephalandra spec. ´Needle Wavy Leaf´
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Plants from A - Z | 45
Ceratophyllum demersum
Order No. 764 • PG 4 | C40
Order No. 30086 • PG 9 | C100
Hornwort is another world traveller that sets down roots in many types of water. We found gigantic colonies of this free-floating stem plant in a tributary of the Rio Miranda at the edge of the Pantanal basin in South America. The stems grow at an astounding rate and require constant pruning. Ceratophyllum is known as a silver bullet against algae. And it’s easy to see why: the plant is greedy and quite simply removes the algae’s food source. We recommend using hornwort in every new setup.
The new fern Crepidomanes cf. malabaricum is a real rarity. It belongs to the bristle fern family and is more reminiscent of a moss than a fern. In its natural habitat it grows terrestrially on large rocks and is only covered by water in the rainy season. There is only a small amount of cultivation experience, however it also grows when permanently underwater. Here its growth is classed as extremely slow. Crepidomanes is an especially good feature for delicate aquascaping layouts. The fragile rhizomes should ideally be attached to stones or roots.
Genus :
Ceratophyllum
Genus :
Crepidomanes
Species :
demersum
Species :
malabaricum
Family :
Ceratophyllaceae
Family :
Hymenophyllaceae
Native to
Cosmopolitan
Native to
Kerala / India
Area/height :
Background up to 120 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 2 cm
Light :
strong
Light :
medium - low
Temperature :
1 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
very fast
Growth :
extremely slow
pH:
6-8
pH:
5-7
Water hardness : Soft to very hard
Water hardness : soft to medium
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Propagation :
Division
Ceratopteris cornuta
Order No. 618 • PG 2 | C45
Crinum calamistratum
Order No. 146 • PG 8 | 936 XXL • PG 13 | C60
Easy, delicate fern that is often used in breeding aquariums. Beneath the leaves floating on the water’s surface is an ideal hideaway, e.g., for labyrinth fish to build their foam nests. This fern is very easy to look after. Strong light and CO2 supplementation are very helpful in encouraging growth and producing sturdy fronds. Above the waterline, the undersides of the leaves can develop small adventitious plantlets. These can be bedded into the substrate for propagation.
Crinums are members of the narcissus family and have a bulb for storing nutrients. The deeply crinkled leaves of the Crinum calamistratum can grow up to 80–100 cm in length! Depending on the size of your aquarium, the upper leaf blades may produce flower stalks. They do not require particularly strong light, but gentle water movement, such as occurs near an outflow, promotes growth. Crinum calamistratum is best used on its own. This gives the most attractive results.
Genus :
Ceratopteris
Genus :
Crinum
Species :
cornuta
Species :
calamistratum
Family :
Pteridaceae
Family :
Amaryllidaceae
Native to
Africa, Asia, Northern Australia
Native to
Cameroon
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 100 cm
Light :
strong–medium
Light :
medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
slow
pH:
6-8
pH:
6-8
Water hardness : soft to very hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the leaves
Propagation :
Daughter bulbs
Ceratopteris thalictroides
Order No. 619 • PG 2 | C46
The Sumatra fern has much daintier leaves than Ceratopteris cornuta. This species is found in many tropical regions. It usually grows in muddy, shallow waters, and sometimes in rice paddies. In aquariums, this graceful fern needs enough space since it does grow very quickly. With medium light it is easy to look after and does not cause any problems. This is a popular beginner’s plant and is suitable for anyone new to aquatics.
46 | Plants from A - Z
Crepidomanes cf. malabaricum
Crinum natans
Order No. 149 • PG 8 | 935 XXL • PG 13 | C61 Tropical West Africa is home to this magnificent onion plant. It sets up home in fast-flowing water in shaded, and sometimes sunny, areas. Above the water’s surface, this plant produces a white, fragrant flower. The leaves of Crinum natans are broader than those of Crinum calamistratum and are more or less wavy. We also recommend a fairly strong water flow for these plants. The substrate should be rich in nutrients and have a minimum height of 10 cm.
Genus :
Ceratopteris
Genus :
Crinum
Species :
thalictroides
Species :
natans
Family :
Pteridaceae
Family :
Amaryllidaceae
Native to
Southeast Asia, Northern Australia, South America
Native to
West Africa
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 100 cm
Light :
strong–medium
Light :
medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-9
pH:
6-8
Water hardness : soft to very hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the leaves
Propagation :
Daughter bulbs
Plants from A - Z | 47
Cryptocoryne affinis
Order No. 774 • PG 5 | C400
Cryptocoryne lucens
Aquarists have been tending water trumpets for more than 50 years. All Dennerle Cryptocorynes are grown emersed in our greenhouses. Growth behaviour and leaf form differs significantly according to whether plants grow in emersed and submersed states. Cryptocoryne affinis is no exception. The typical olive-green to brown foliage only develops under water. These plants are not demanding in terms of light, but optimum growth is achieved in slightly alkaline water. C. affinis comes highly recommended for cichlid aquariums with limestone.
Cryptocoryne lucens is easy to care for and easy to cultivate. The plants produce narrow, pure green leaves. Growing to a height of 10–20 cm, this is a good candidate for the aquarium foreground. It grows very slowly, which means it requires very little maintenance. As with many rosette-like plants, only the older, outer leaves should be removed. However, it is possible to cut the plant back completely to encourage denser growth. Plants should be cut ca. 2–3 cm above the substrate.
Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Species :
affinis
Species :
lucens
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Malay Peninsula
Native to
Central Sri Lanka
Area/height :
Midground up to 30 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 10 - 20 cm
Light :
medium - strong
Light :
strong–medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
slow
pH:
7-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to very hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Cryptocoryne beckettii
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Order No. 431 • PG 4 | C224
Cryptocoryne lutea
Order No. 435 • PG 5 | C226
Sri Lanka is home to many kinds of water trumpets, including the Cryptocoryne beckettii. These plants have also been successfully cultivated in aquariums for decades. In the wild they are found in shaded areas near the banks of streams and rivers, where they grow amphibiously above and below the waterline. The colour of any submerged leaves varies in shades of green and brown. Different leaf colouration within the same species is typical for Cryptocorynes.
Cryptocoryne lutea also comes to us from Sri Lanka. The leaves are usually dark green and some display a subtle veiny texture. As with most other types of water trumpet, propagation is via runners. New shoots burst through the substrate just a few centimetres away from the parent plant. If you want to suppress this spread, it is sufficient to simply remove any new shoots with sharp scissors or a knife.
Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Species :
beckettii
Species :
lutea
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Sri Lanka
Native to
Sri Lanka
Area/height :
Foreground 10 - 20 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 10 - 20 cm
Light :
medium
Light :
strong–medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
slow
pH:
6-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Cryptocoryne cordata
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Order No. 30018 plant-it • PG 5 | C30
Cryptocoryne lutea ´Hobbit´
Order No. 30031 • PG 5 | 30058 plant-it • PG 5 | C240
Cryptocoryne cordata is native to South Thailand, West Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. The species is very variable in leaf shape and colour. This variety of cordata has narrower leaves than the more familiar heart-shaped variety. The underside of the leaf is slightly red and the upper leaf surface has an attractive streaked pattern. Softer water is preferable with mid to low intensity lighting. After a certain period of acclimatisation, this cryptocoryne can also be kept in harder water. Growing to a height of 20 cm, this variety is recommended for the middle area of the aquarium.
Cryptocoryne lutea is one of the easiest Cryptocoryne species from Sri Lanka to care for. The new dwarf form, Hobbit, was isolated from a normal sized plant in the greenhouse and further propagated in the laboratory. Growing to a height of just a few centimetres, this Cryptocoryne is ideal for even the smallest aquaria. The growth rate is also significantly slower than that of the stem form. With good lighting, the leaves become a deep purplish-brown colour and make a nice contrast to other green foreground plants.
Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Species :
cordata (narrow-leaved variety)
Species :
lutea ´Hobbit‘
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Southeast Asia
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Midground 20 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 5 cm
Light :
medium – low
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
very slow
pH:
4,5-7
pH:
5-8
Water hardness :
very soft to medium hard
Water hardness :
very soft to hard
CO2:
10 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
48 | Plants from A - Z
Order No. 648 • PG 5 | C321
Propagation : Runners
Plants from A - Z | 49
Cryptocoryne parva
Order No. 646 • PG 5 | C340 The central highlands of Sri Lanka are home to this green water trumpet. Its tiny stature, around 5 - 10 cm, makes it the smallest species in cultivation for aquarists. It grows in dense colonies along the banks of fast-flowing rivers. Cryptocoryne parva grows very slowly and is a somewhat demanding plant. Fairly strong light and CO2 supplementation are essential. This small water trumpet is highly recommended for nano cubes. Even the smallest 10 L cube provides enough space for this little gem. Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Species :
parva
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Central Sri Lanka
Area/height :
Foreground 5 - 10 cm
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
very slow
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Cryptocoryne pontederifolia
Order No. 30059 plant-it • PG 5 | C358
This robust water trumpet calls Sumatra home. The leaves are heart-shaped and colours vary from light to olive green. In weak light these plants grow rather slowly, and given good light they are shorter and more compact. As with many Cryptocorynes, this species needs an initial growth phase during which hardly any growth is visible. Afterwards propagation occurs frequently via the typical runners. It is well-suited to the midground due to its height of up to 30 cm.
Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Species :
pontederifolia
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Indonesia
Area/height :
Midground up to 30 cm
Light :
medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Cryptocoryne spec. ‘Flamingo‘
Order No. 945 plant-it • PG 5 | C444
This unusual and attractive cultivar is called ‘Flamingo’. Its most eye-catching feature is the lighttodark-pink tones of the leaves. This variety came about by quirk of nature in one of our greenhouses. ‘Flamingo’ is cultivated only through meristem propagation in the lab, and is sold in a plastic culture dish. It grows very slowly in aquariums and must have good lighting to ensure successful rooting and growth. A wonderfully decorative addition combined with mosses or Hemianthus in small aquariums or nano cubes. Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Species :
spec. ‘Flamingo‘
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Foreground up to 10 cm
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
very slow
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
50 | Plants from A - Z
Modern propagation in the meristem laboratory makes an important contribution to conservation. Usually just one collected plant is enough to reproduce it a thousand fold. In the tropical greenhouse the little plants are then cultivated until they reach their final size for sale. Plants from A - Z | 51
Cryptocoryne spec. Legroi
Order No. 416 • PG 5 | C225
No one is really sure whether this is its own species or simply a variant of Cryptocoryne lutea. It is found in the central highlands of Sri Lanka. The leaves range from a matt bronze to greenish. In the emersed state in our greenhouses, both colour and veining of the leaves is highly variable. In an aquarium it grows slightly slower than other water trumpets. Still, in a few months you’ll have a beautiful plant.
Cryptocoryne
Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Species :
spec. Legroi
Species :
wendtii ´Broad Leaf´
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Sri Lanka
Native to
Sri Lanka
Area/height :
Midground up to 25 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 10 - 20 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth rate:
moderate
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Cryptocoryne usteriana
Order No. 30057 plant-it • PG 5 | C402
A very easy water trumpet from sri lanka. this is a variety of Cryptocoryne wendtii with fairly broad leaves. Plants can vary quite strongly in appearance, and leaf colour also varies. modern cell culture has allowed the isolation of the various types for propagation in varietally pure form. all C. wendtii variants have one thing in common: they are easy to care for and easy to cultivate. the leaves of C. spec. 402 are a potent green, sometimes with interesting brown mottling.
Genus :
Propagation : Runners
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Order No. 30016 plant-it • PG 5 | C221
Cryptocoryne wendtii ´Green´
Order No. 411 • PG 4 | C600
Cryptocoryne usteriana is an impressive plant from the Philippines. Unlike many other Cryptocoryne species, it grows permanently under water and is therefore not suitable for emersed cultivation in the greenhouse. For this reason it is very rarely found commercially. The bullate leaves are up to 70 cm long and the leaves are bright mid-green with a reddish underside. With medium lighting, Cryptocoryne usteriana grows best in hard, alkaline water and is therefore ideal for cichlids from Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika. Even with a low CO2 supply the plant still grows rather well and is very easy to care for. The more familiar Cryptocoryne aponogetifolia looks confusingly similar.
This has been one of the most popular aquarium crypts for decades. A robust nature and fantastic adaptability make these plants almost mandatory for any new aquascaper. Whether as a cluster in a small nano cube or luscious carpeting in a larger show aquarium, these plants combine optimum growth behaviour with a highly attractive exterior. These plants stay much smaller in good light.
Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Species :
usteriana
Species :
wendtii ‘Green‘
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Philippines
Native to
Sri Lanka
Area/height :
Background 70 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 10 - 25 cm
Light :
medium – low
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 26 °C
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
moderate
pH:
6-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness :
medium-hard to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
5 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation : Runners
Cryptocoryne wendtii ´Brown´
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Order No. 412 • PG 4 | C404
This brown variation on Cryptocoryne wendtii is also very popular and can be used in a variety of plant landscapes. The edges of the leaves are slightly wavy and some are bullate (blistered or dimpled). In good light the leaves turn a deep, dark brown. In combination with green water trumpets it provides good contrast. As with almost all Crypts from Sri Lanka, these grow well in hard water and are therefore ideal for cichlid aquariums.
Cryptocoryne wendtii ´Kompakt´
Cryptocoryne
Genus :
Cryptocoryne
Species :
wendtii ´Brown´
Species :
wendtii ´Kompakt´
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Araceae
Native to
Sri Lanka
Native to
Sri Lanka
Area/height :
Foreground 10 - 20 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 10 - 15 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Order No. 437 • PG 5 | 30056 plant-it • PG 5 | C421
An other is yet another variety of C. wendtii – a medium-sized, brown water trumpet that grows well and is an easy plant. leaves above the surface are rust brown, below the surface they are chocolate brown. Planting tip: Keep these plants small and compact by planting in a clay pot. Press the pot directly into the substrate. By limiting the space available for the roots, you keep the plants smaller, creating a bonsai effect.
Genus :
Propagation : Runners
52 | Plants from A - Z
Cryptocoryne wendtii ´Broad Leaf´
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Plants from A - Z | 53
Cryptocoryne x purpurea
Order No. 30019 plant-it • PG 5 | C222
Cryptocoryne x purpurea is a rarity from Southeast Asia. It is a natural hybrid between Cryptocoryne griffithii and Cryptocoryne cordata. The variety described here comes from Borneo and has remarkable marbling on the leaf blades. The growth is significantly slower than other Cryptocoryne species that are well known in aquatics. Growing to a height of around 10 cm (previous experience of cultivation in an aquarium), it remains relatively small in size and, depending on the size of the tank, can therefore also be used in the foreground. As with all Cryptocorynes, a nutrient-rich substrate is very important, as a lot of nutrients are absorbed by the roots. Cryptocoryne
Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
x purpurea (natural hybrid)
Species :
cordifolius ‘Harbich Red‘
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Borneo
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Foreground 10 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 40 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-7
pH:
5-8
Water hardness :
soft to neutral
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
10 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Echinodorus argentinensis
Order No. 157 • PG 3 | 496 XL • PG 8 | 158 XXL • PG 11 | E26
Order No. 169 • PG 4 | E34
‘Harbich Red‘ stays much smaller than the original form of E. cordifolius. Emersed leaves are round with hairs on the leaf blades; submersed leaves in aquariums are much narrower. This variety is very robust and has firm, solid leaves. The pedicels do develop a lot of adventitious plantlets, although these can develop properly only in open aquariums. The name ‘Harbich Red‘ refers to the reddish colour of new leaves, which turn green over time.
Genus :
Propagation : Runners
Echinodorus cordifolius ´MINI´
Order No. 662 • PG 5 | E31
Sword plants are now distributed throughout the US and Argentina. E. argentinensis is one of the larger varieties and requires ample space in an aquarium. It is well-suited to open aquariums as its sturdy emersed leaves are highly ornamental. With a little patience you will find it produces flower shoots holding white blossoms. Requires nutrient-rich substrate and medium to strong lighting.
Dennerle has been growing this mini creeping burrhead for many years, since it was discovered in the early 1980s in an imported shipment. This is an ideal plant for smaller aquariums, such as the 60 L Nano Cube or the 60 cm standard aquarium. Growing to a height of just 25 cm, this creeping burrhead is one of the small species and varieties. Its light green leaves contrast beautifully with dark green or colourful plants. Adequate nutrition and good lighting will produce particularly compact rosettes.
Genus :
Echinodorus
Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
argentinensis
Species :
cordifolius ‘MINI‘
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Native to
South America
Area/height :
Background up to 60 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 15 - 25 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-9
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Echinodorus ´Breuni Red´
Order No. 123 • PG 5 | E40
Echinodorus ‘Breuni Red‘ originated from a second generation range of cultivars of our Dschungelstars varieties. The somewhat peculiar name relates to the company Breuninger. The variety was presented and named during an aquatics event in one of the large shopping centres. With its characteristics, the new Echinodorus fits seamlessly into the Dschungelstar range. ‘Breuni Red‘ grows well and is easy to are for. A nutrient-rich substrate and adequate CO2 supply guarantee lush growth. With good lighting, the new inner leaves are bright red and make a nice contrast to the older, olive-green leaves. Growing to a height of 40 - 50 cm, the plant makes a very eye-catching specimen.
54 | Plants from A - Z
Echinodorus cordifolius ´Harbich Red´
Echinodorus Dschungelstar® No. 2 Order No. 190 • PG 4 | 686 XL • PG 8 | 160 XXL • PG 12 | E02 ´Small Bear´ ´Small Bear’ (‘Kleiner Bär’) has been commercially available since 1995 and is still one of the most popular red-leaved varieties. In aquariums this plant produces a compact rosette ranging from rust red to deep, dark red. Older plants can grow to 25 cm. As with many Echinodorus varieties, there are major differences between emersed and submersed leaves. Greenhouse cultivation produces ´Small Bear´ in a powerful green, but it develops red underwater leaves after just a few days in an aquarium. It’s a never-ending source of wonder!
Genus :
Echinodorus
Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
Züchtung ´Breuni Red´
Species :
Dschungelstar No. 2 ‘Small Bear’
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Midground up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 25 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
medium
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness :
soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Plants from A - Z | 55
Order No. 263 • PG 5 | 451 XXL • PG 12 | E03 Echinodorus Dschungelstar® No. 3 Here the name refers to the thin, long, submersed leaves. There are also bright patches of colour ´Python´ similar to those you would see on a python. Under very good light the new leaves glow an intense red. Nutrient-rich substrate and a good supply of CO2 encourage strong growth. As with most Echinodorus, these plants are most effective when used singly. Care consists of removing older leaves and thinning out the foliage.
Echinodorus
Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
Dschungelstar No. 3 ´Python´
Species :
Dschungelstar No. 10 ´Red Leopard´
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Midground up to 40 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 30 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
These plants have leaves up to 40 cm long and their total height can be as much as 60 cm. An aquarium larger than 150 cm is the perfect setting. Good lighting and fertiliser added directly to the roots has a positive impact on growth. This unique cultivar is a real showstopper in cichlid aquariums.
Order No. 475 • PG 5 | 770 XXL • PG 12 | Echinodorus Dschungelstar® No. 14 This variety has been commercially available for only a few years and has very unusual growth ´Tornado´ behaviour: emersed plants are a vibrant green with spotted foliage. Leaves usually have an
Echinodorus
Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
Dschungelstar No. 4 ‘Grizzly Bär‘
Species :
Dschungelstar No. 14 ´Tornado´
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Background up to 60 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 30 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
has a very pretty red spotted pattern. Emersed leaves are almost circular and only seen above water; in aquariums they have shorter stems and the leaf shape is much more elongated. The olive-green leaves with their reddish-brown pattern often have wavy edges. The fact that it grows to 25 cm makes this variety very suitable for smaller aquariums. As with all our Dschungelstars, this is a very easy plant to grow.
E14
egg-shaped structure. ‚Tornado’ develops its unique features only underwater – the leaf blades begin to curl and twist, giving the impression of a swirling vortex. A tornado in your aquarium! These plants are best showcased in a group alongside “calm” plants.
Genus :
Order No. 248 • PG 5 | E09 Echinodorus Dschungelstar® No. 9 The leaf shape of the No. 9 is similar to that of the pure green Harbich variety. However, this variant ´Spotted Harbich´
E10
culture any new leaves are also light red in colour, and you can only imagine the flash of colours they display underwater. At ca. 30 cm tall this is another small plant, producing 1 - 2 new leaves every month. You can also use the bonsai trick with Echinodorus to keep the plants on the smaller side.
Genus :
Order No. 614 • PG 5 | E04 Echinodorus Dschungelstar® No. 4 This variety displays irregular veining that makes it look slightly shaggy, like a grizzly bear’s fur. ´Grizzly Bär´
56 | Plants from A - Z
Order No. 193 • PG 5 | Echinodorus Dschungelstar® No. 10 Gorgeous variant with intense red, heart-shaped leaves in its submersed state. In greenhouse ´Red Leopard´
Order No. 704 • PG 7 | E15 Echinodorus Dschungelstar® No. 15 A compelling red variety for the midground. To produce the most intense red colours requires very ´Simply Red´ good lighting and rigorous feeding. Light coloured venation is another characteristic feature of the leaves. It is very reminiscent of the old variety, ‘Red Rubin’, but has better growth habits. Growth up to 50 cm can be expected for these stately, solitary plants for the midground or background.
Genus :
Echinodorus
Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
Dschungelstar No. 9 ´Spotted Harbich´
Species :
Dschungelstar No. 15 ´Simply Red´
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Midground up to 25 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 50 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Plants from A - Z | 57
Order No. 228 • PG 7 | Echinodorus Dschungelstar® No. 16 Yet another splash of colour from the Dschungelstar® range, the ´Red Mamba´. The rosette ´Red Mamba´ comprises dozens of elongated, dark red leaves. Older leaves turn a more rusty brown to olive
E16
green with slightly wavy edges. As with other varieties, the emersed leaves on these plants are less interesting that the submersed ones. A decent CO2 supply, nutrient-rich substrate and sufficient nutrients in the water guarantee dazzlingly colourful Dschungelstars®. Good lighting produces more intense colours.
Order No. 447 • PG 5 | E110
Our third E. grisebachii is the “Black Amazon Sword”. The “Black” part of the name refers to the dark-coloured nervation that appears when new leaves first shoot. E. grisebachii ´Parviflorus´ tends not to grow as large as the other two varieties, and is therefore suitable for medium-sized aquariums. It is also less needy in terms of light. Three or four new leaves appear every month, gradually forming a dense rosette.
Genus :
Echinodorus
Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
Dschungelstar No. 16 ´Red Mamba´
Species :
grisebachii ‘Parviflours‘
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
Peru, Bolivia
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 30 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
20-28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Echinodorus grisebachii ´Amazonicus´
Order No. 161 • PG 5 | E20
Echinodorus grisebachii ´Tropica´
Order No. 456 • PG 5 | E137
This sword plant inhabits Brazil’s Amazon region. It is also known as “Amazon Sword” and grows very large, very well in aquariums up to 200 L. Submersed leaves are 2-3 cm wide and bottle green. This variety is especially suited to being mixed with other Echinodorus in South American landscapes with angel fish or discus. The plants on the pedicel are also called adventive plants.
The origins of this miniature Echinodorus are unknown. It probably came about via mutation in some nursery stock in Asia. Growing to a height of 5 - 10 cm, it is a good candidate for the aquarium foreground. Its lighting needs are much greater than those of the original variety. It also requires good nutrition and CO2 supplementation to ensure optimum growth. In nano cubes solitary plants of this type are set off well against more willowy varieties. In larger aquariums we advise arranging several individual plants in a group.
Genus :
Echinodorus
Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
grisebachii ‘Amazonicus‘
Species :
grisebachii ‘Tropica‘
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Brazil
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 5 - 10 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Echinodorus grisebachii ´Bleherae´
58 | Plants from A - Z
Echinodorus grisebachii ´Parviflorus´
Order No. 446 • PG 2 | 499 XL • PG 8 | 154 XXL • PG 11 | E100
Echinodorus ‚Green Chameleon‘
Order No. 30073 • PG 4 | 30074 XXL • PG 11 | E44
This large Amazon sword plant is possibly the most popular aquatic plant. Its leaves are 3-6 cm wide, making them broader than the ‚amazonicus’, and with growth up to 60 cm it is certainly the more dominant in appearance. Older bushes, sometimes with more than 50 leaves, are an arresting sight. The substrate must be at least 10 cm high so that the root system can spread properly. Combine with various Helianthums (dwarf Echinodorus) to create outstanding South American aquascapes
The ‚Green Chameleon‘ variety has come about by breeding E. ‚Simply Red‘ x. A pure green colour in its emersed form, this new plant transforms into a colourful Echinodorus in the aquarium. The leaf blades are slightly wavy and initially light green in colour. After a few months, with good lighting they form wonderfully coloured leaves. The colours range from olive green to wine red variegation. A real highlight for any Echinodorus fan!
Genus :
Echinodorus
Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
grisebachii ‘Bleherae‘
Species :
Variety ‚Green Chameleon‘
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Brazil
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Background 60 - 80 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 40 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high - medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
medium
pH:
5-9
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Propagation : Runners on the peduncle
20 - 30 mg/l
Plants from A - Z | 59
Echinodorus ´Ocelot´
Order No. 274 • PG 5 | 765 XL • PG 8 | 262 XXL • PG 11 | E163 Another long-standing favourite is Echinodorus ‘Ocelot’. It has very obvious patches that are somewhat evocative of an ocelot’s coat. These plants grow very well and have lithe, elliptical leaves. New leaves shine in intense brown red to dark red. Over time the leaves turn a dark olive green and display the typical patch design. An attractive variety that grows up to 20 - 30 cm tall. This makes it a great addition to medium-sized aquariums as well as large ones.
Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
‘Ozelot‘
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Midground 20 - 30 cm
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : Soft to very hard CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Echinodorus ‚Red Chameleon‘
Order No. 30075 • PG 4 | 30076 XXL • PG 11 | E42
Somewhat smaller than the variety E. ‚Green Chameleon‘, the new variety Echinodorus ‚Red Chameleon‘ stays at a height of around 30 cm. Even in an emersed state, the leaf blades have a red colouring, however the true beauty only becomes fully apparent in the aquarium. Under strong lighting its growth is compact and the central leaves develop a strong deep red colour. Nutrient-rich substrate, regular liquid fertilisation and adequate CO2 guarantee strong growth.
Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
Variety ‚Red Chameleon‘
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Midground up to 30 cm
Light :
high - medium
Temperature :
18-28°C
Growth :
medium
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Masters of disguise Most aquarium plants are marsh plants and have adapted to cyclical water levels. This includes the very popular genus Echinodorus from the South American continent. They can grow both underwater (submerged) as well as above water (emersed). The two growth forms also differ in habit, colour and in the rigidity of the leaves or stems.
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation : Runners on the peduncle
Echinodorus ´Red Senna´
Order No. 30052 • PG 4 | 30072 XXL • PG 11 | E43
Red-leaved, grows well and easy to care for – these are the characteristics of this impressive Echinodorus. The variety name is derived from the production manager in Sri Lanka, where almost all Echinodorus plants grow in the tropics under the optimum conditions. As with many Echinodorus, the plant is pure green when growing above water, only under water do the wonderful, colourful leaves gradually appear. The ‚Red Senna‘ variety is a magnificent specimen plant for the midground or background. Genus :
Echinodorus
Species :
Variety ‚Red Senna‘
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
background up to 40 cm
Light :
high - medium
Temperature :
18-28°C
Growth :
medium
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard CO2:
20 to 30 mg/l
Propagation : Runners on the peduncle
60 | Plants from A - Z
Plants from A - Z | 61
Echinodorus ‘Scarlet Snake‘
Order No. 122 • PG 5 | E22
Order No. 30014 plant-it • PG 5 | E410
Straight out of the Dennerle greenhouses we have this new variety called ‘Scarlet Snake’. It is very similar to the old E. horemaii Red, which is almost impossible to find nowadays. Its most distinctive features are the very narrow, 2 - 3 cm wide leaves and an intense, dark red coloration. These plants require spacious aquariums that are at least 60 cm tall. Mix with E. grisebachii ‘Bleherae’ in discus aquariums to produce a real highlight in an aquascape. Regular addition of fertiliser is recommended.
Eichhormia diversifolia is a decorative stem plant from the water hyacinth or Pontederiaceae family. The submerged shoots form leaves around 10 cm long on the stems. Eichhornia diversifolia grows relatively quickly and should therefore be trimmed regularly. If the stems reach the water surface, less decorative simple floating leaves form. A good supply of nutrients and CO2 is absolutely essential for this beauty from South America. Slightly acidic to neutral water also promotes healthy, strong growth. Eichhornia diversifolia is one of the most magnificent stem plants and it should therefore be positioned in the middle or background of an underwater landscape as a specimen plant.
Genus :
Echinodorus
Genus :
Eichhornia
Species :
‘Scarlet Snake‘
Species :
diversifolia
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Pontederiaceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
Central America, South America
Area/height :
Background 60 - 70 cm
Area/height :
Background 60 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 30 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-7
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to neutral
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Adventitious plantlets on the pedicel
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Egeria densa “Dense Waterweed”
Order No. 817 • PG 4 | E321
Eleocharis acicularis
Order No. 492 • PG 4 | E300
The common name “pondweed” gives you some idea of the growth habit of this plant. Egeria densa is one of the best growers bar none, and there are absolutely no issues with cultivation. Its home is in Southeast Brazil and Argentina, but it has now spread across every continent. The “dense” variety displays extremely thick, compact leaf growth along the stem. It also grows very well in ponds – either planted or floating – but is not completely hardy.
The needle rush Eleocharis acicularis is found all over the world. It is a particularly lithe, grass-like plant for the foreground. It prefers cooler water, but does grow perfectly well at higher temperatures. Side runners shoot out, over time, to produce a thick carpet of plants. When bedding in plants cultivated in the emersed state, we recommend cutting them back severely and dividing any dense plantings. Plant the cut rootstock at 5 cm intervals. The first submersed blades will appear after just a few days.
Genus :
Egeria
Genus :
Eleocharis
Species :
Densa Waterweed
Species :
acicularis
Family :
Hydrocharitaceae
Family :
Cyperaceae
Native to
Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay
Native to
Cosmopolitan
Area/height :
Background 60 - 80 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 15 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
01 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
very fast
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-9
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Propagation : Runners
Egeria densa „Tropical Type“
62 | Plants from A - Z
Eichhornia diversifolia
Order No. 678 • PG 2 | E320
10 - 20 mg/l
Eleocharis pusilla
Order No. 139 plant-it • PG 5 | E400
Pondweed is probably the most well-known of all aquatic plants. Thanks to its rapid growth it is the perfect plant for dealing with algae. It is also a popular oxygenator for aquariums and ponds. As with most stem plants, propagation is not complicated. Simply cut off the top or side shoots and replant them. In aquariums it may be necessary to cut the plant back often, due to the speed at which it spreads. Highly recommended for stabilising new setups.
The dwarf spikerush, Eleocharis pusilla, is native to Australia and New Zealand and inhabits wetlands with different water levels. In contrast to Eleocharis acicularis, the growth height is significantly shorter, usually only a few centimetres high. Another distinguishing feature are the light green, slightly curved stems of the dwarf spikerush. This grass grows best in cooler water, it cannot tolerate permanently high temperatures over 25° C. This delicate beauty is ideal for stone layouts in the Iwagumi style, as it results in a fresh „summer meadow“. Like Echidonorus acicularis, the dwarf spikerush can also be cut well back, which makes the plant even denser and more compact.
Genus :
Egeria
Genus :
Eleocharis
Species :
densa
Species :
pusilla
Family :
Hydrocharitaceae
Family :
Cyperaceae
Native to
South America
Native to
Australia, New Zealand
Area/height :
Background 60 - 80 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 5 - 6 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Temperature :
12 - 26 °C
Growth :
very fast
Growth :
medium
pH:
5-9
pH:
5-7
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
Water hardness : soft to medium
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Propagation : Runners, division
10 - 30 mg/l
Plants from A - Z | 63
Eleocharis vivipara
Order No. 30089 • PG 4 | E310 The umbrella hairgrass, as it is also known, is a delicate grass for the background. It has been known in aquatics for a long time, but only thanks to wonderful aquascaping layouts has this swamp plant, which forms runners, caught the attention again. The plants create the best effect when planted in large groups behind a stone structure or with other delicate stem plants. The species name vivipara: viviparous, comes from the runners on the blade tips.
Order No. 800 plant-it • PG 4 | G50
A subtle, creeping marsh plant native to Australia, popularised in the 1980s by Takashi Amono. Now a global celebrity, it is frequently used in aquariums in the aquascaping style. Successful cultivation requires very good lighting and a good CO2 supply. The easiest way to bed in the fragile shoots is to use plant tweezers. First divide the potted plant into individual pieces, then plant each of these a few centimetres apart.
Genus :
Eleocharis
Genus :
Glossostigma
Species :
vivipara
Species :
elatinoides
Family :
Cyperaceae
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Native to
South East America
Native to
Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania
Area/height :
Background up to 60 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 3 - 5 cm
Light :
high - medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Temperature :
20 - 26 °C
Growth :
medium
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-7
pH:
5-7,5
Water hardness : soft to medium
Water hardness : very soft to medium
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Division
Propagation :
Division
Fissidens geppii
Order No. 985 pad • PG 11 | MP09
Helanthium bolivianum ´Angustifolius´
Order No. 30077 • PG 4 | H188
Fissidens geppii is a charming moss from Southeast Asia. Its delicate filigreed appearance gives this plant a unique personality. Comes tied to stainless steel mesh that can be placed directly on the bottom of your tank, or remove it from the mesh and anchor it to rocks or driftwood. This adds a beautiful, natural element to any aquarium design. Like all mosses, Fissidens love fresh, clear water, and CO2 supplementation will boost growth rates significantly.
In contrast to other Helanthium species, this plant grows tall with very small leaf blades. It can grow to a height of up to 50 cm and is very much reminiscent of Vallisneria nana. With very strong lighting it can also be planted in the midground. The emersed form is significantly shorter and very similar to other Helanthum varieties. Only after a few weeks in the aquarium do the true size and beauty of this delicate plant become apparent. Nutrient-rich substrate and regular iron fertilisation promote strong growth.
Genus :
Fissidens
Genus :
Helanthium
Species :
geppii
Species :
bolivianum ´Angustifolius´
Family :
Fissidentaceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Southeast Asia
Native to
Brazil
Area/height :
Foreground up to 5 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
high – low
Light :
high - medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
16 – 28°C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
rapid
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to slightly hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation :
Division
Propagation : Runners
Fontinalis hypnoides
64 | Plants from A - Z
Glossostigma elatinoides
Order No. 932 pad • PG 8 | MP06
10 - 30 mg/l
Helanthium bolivianum ´Latifolius´
Order No. 463 • PG 5 | H210
This moss inhabits much of the northern hemisphere, and be found at a few locations with standing water in Germany. It grows mostly straight upwards with fine, delicate leaves. It spreads easily and should therefore be placed well away from slower-growing mosses. This will help prevent overgrowth. If your moss carpet becomes too large, simply cut it back with sharp scissors. All mosses, including Fontinalis, are very compatible with nano cubes and aquascaping.
The former dwarf Echinodorus varieties have been given new botanical classifications and now belong to the genus Helanthium. Growth behaviour is typical with the production of runner plants. These gradually spread and cover the substrate. A really easy plant but it does require regular thinning. Good lighting encourages short and compact growth.
Genus :
Fontinalis
Genus :
Helanthium
Species :
hypnoides
Species :
bolivianum ‘Latifolius‘
Family :
Fontinalaceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Asia, America, Europe
Native to
Central America, South America
Area/height :
Foreground 10 - 15 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 10 - 15 cm
Light :
medium – low
Light :
high
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation :
Division
Propagation : Runners
20 - 30 mg/l
Plants from A - Z | 65
Helanthium tenellum
Order No. 191 • PG 5 | H230
Order No. 943 • PG 4 | H31
Grass-like Helanthium tenellum, previously known as Echinodorus tenellus, is one of the prettiest foreground plants thanks to its slender, willowy blades. Leaf colour varies from medium green to olive green; with very strong light the leaves turn a brownish-red. Prefers soft to medium hard water. To encourage growth as carpeting, cut the whole stand back to 1 cm. After a few weeks your “lawn” will be denser and more attractive. Mix with Eleocharis to produce a natural meadow effect.
Home for these fragile aquarium plants is the East Coast of north america. this variety of Hemianthus grows on rocky or muddy substrate at the mouths of rivers. Its loosely upright growth and brilliant, light green colour are fresh and spring-like. a pair of sharp scissors is all you need for pruning purposes. after pruning, the plants produce a number of new side shoots and the whole stand will appear denser and more compact. Create rich contrasts by combining light green Hemianthus with red-leafed varieties, such as Alternanthera.
Genus :
Helanthium
Genus :
Hemianthus
Species :
tenellum
Species :
glomeratus
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Native to
Central America, South America
Native to
East Coast of north america
Area/height :
Foreground 5 - 10 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 30 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-9
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to medium
Water hardness : soft to very hard
CO2:
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Helanthium tenellum ´Broad Leaf´
Order No. 30013 plant-it • PG 5 | H220
Heteranthera zosterifolia
Order No. 30011 plant-it • PG 5 | H10
We found this grass-like beauty on our Florida Plantahunter tour in winter 2012. At first glance it looks very similar to Helanthium tenellum (former name: Echinodorus tenellus) and is easily confused. The difference lies in the colour and width of the leaves and the growth height appears to be somewhat smaller. We named this plant ‘Broad Leaf‘ due to the width of the leaf blades being up to 2.5 mm. The colour of the leaves stays bright mid-green, so it combines well with colourful plants such as Hygrophila pinnatifida, for example. Care needs are similar to the standard Helanthium tenellum. Lawn formation is encouraged by vigorous pruning.
The stem plant Heteranthera zosterifolia is a stunning beauty in the aquarium. The bright light-green leaves are up to 5 cm long and grow in an alternating leaf formation. Its requirements are relatively minimal, with good lighting and CO2 fertilisation, growth is compact and fast. It is therefore recommended that the shoots are trimmed regularly. On our Plantahunter tour in Brazil, we saw the plant in the Rio da Prata over several kilometres of river. In fact, we even encountered lush plants in the crystal clear water where it was 2 m deep. The Heteranthera is a plant that is rich in contrast for the midground to background and works especially well in combination with colourful plants such as Rotala rotundifolia.
Genus :
Helanthium
Genus :
Heteranthera
Species :
tenellum ´Broad Leaf´
Species :
zosterifolia
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Pontederiaceae
Native to
Nordamerika
Native to
Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia
Area/height :
Foreground 4 - 6 cm
Area/height :
Midground 30-40 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Temperature :
20 - 26 °C
Growth :
medium
Growth :
rapid
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness :
soft to hard
CO2:
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Hemianthus callitrichoides ‘Cuba‘
66 | Plants from A - Z
Hemianthus glomeratus
Order No. 444 • PG 4 | 30042 plant-it • PG 5 | H11
Hydrocotyle cf. tripartita
Order No. 102 • PG 2 | H35
Dwarf Baby Tears was discovered several years ago in a stream on the island of Cuba. Leaves just a few millimetres wide make this Hemianthus the smallest aquarium plant in the world. It is a highly adaptable plant in terms of water conditions, but it is important to provide good light and CO2 supply. Plants that grow above the waterline can be divided into small pieces and planted. In a few weeks you will have a dense foreground carpet. Aquarium designs combining these plants with all kinds of rockwork appear both ornamental and natural.
Like the Asplenium fern, the classification for this variety is not yet definitive, hence the “cf.” in its name. This new plant does have some very interesting growth habits: under strong light it usually creeps across the substrate and even across other plants. Those tiny, clover-shaped leaves are certainly distinctive. It is not demanding in terms of water conditions, but strong light encourages this carpet-like growth. We advise occasionally removing any overgrowth with scissors or a knife.
Genus :
Hemianthus
Genus :
Hydrocotyle
Species :
callitrichoides ‘Cuba‘
Species :
tripartita
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Family :
Apiaceae
Native to
Kuba, Bahamas, Puerto Rico
Native to
Probably Australia
Area/height :
Foreground 3 - 5 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 20 cm
Light :
high
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Division
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Plants from A - Z | 67
Hydrocotyle leucocephala
Order No. 797 • PG 2 | 683 XL • PG 8 | H20
Order No. 222 • PG 5 | H144
Hydrocotyle leucocephala, or Brazilian Pennywort, is one of the less demanding stem plants. We found this little gem in the shallows of crystal clear rivers, and also in the moist, compressed undergrowth of the jungle. In aquariums it grows very quickly, and is highly recommended for beginner aquarists. as soon as the shoots reach the water’s surface, they continue to grow and spread. Due to this rapid growth, the stems need frequent cutting and replanting.
This dwarf format probably came about via mutation, and is not typical for the Hygrophila genus. The stems are heavily compressed and the leaves are closely packed. Emersed cultivated plants have deep green leaves, whereas aquarium plants have bright green leaves. They grow slowly, which makes them much easier to care for than other Hygrophila varieties. It is a good candidate as a foreground plant. Atypical leaves make this a nice change from the usual foreground plants.
Genus :
Hydrocotyle
Genus :
Hygrophila
Species :
leucocephala
Species :
corymbosa ‘Compact‘
Family :
Apiaceae
Family :
Acanthaceae
Native to
southern mexico to northern argentina
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Background up to 60 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 15 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-9
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Hydrocotyle verticillata
Order No. 467 • PG 2 | H30
Hygrophila corymbosa ´Stricta´
Order No. 239 • PG 4 | 30008 XXL • PG 9 | H135
A highly ornamental pennywort with umbrella-like leaves, suitable for the foreground to midground. It grows slowly compared with H. leucocephala and H. tripartite and prefers water temperatures on the cooler side. We found some fantastic stands of it in the shallows of the Rio Sucuri in Brazil. There the water temperature was 23°C, and it was crystal clear and had a high concentration of CO2. Hydrocotyle verticillata looks very natural in the middle of a Hemianthus carpet with the little umbrellas peeking out.
This variety has larger but narrower leaves than the species H. corymbosa. Here, too, the submersed leaves are light green, but the distance between leaf pairs is larger. Open aquariums give the shoots enough space to grow upwards, where they eventually turn an intense dark green again. Good lighting and CO2 supplementation go a long way towards promoting growth. Large-leafed Hygrophila are best presented in aquariums larger than 100 cm. To show off their best features, plant a group of at least 10 - 15 stems.
Genus :
Hydrocotyle
Genus :
Hygrophila
Species :
verticillata
Species :
corymbosa ‘Stricta‘
Family :
Apiaceae
Family :
Acanthaceae
Native to
North America, South America
Native to
Southeast Asia
Area/height :
Midground up to 20 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
high
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
medium
Growth :
very fast
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to medium
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Side shoots
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Hygrophila corymbosa
68 | Plants from A - Z
Hygrophila corymbosa ´Compact´
Order No. 237 • PG 3 | H140
Hygrophila corymbosa ´Thailand´
Order No. 216 • PG 4 | H134
Hygrophila corymbosa is a common stem plant in southeast Asia. There are several varieties, each of which has a different leaf shape. Emersed leaves are usually much darker than those under the water. Giant Hygro is a good beginner plant for the background. Rapid growth means that excess nutrients are removed, eliminating the food source for any algae. As soon as the shoots reach the water’s surface they should be trimmed back to half their length. We also recommend staggering the stems in by their height.
‘Thailand’ has the thinnest leaves of all three varieties of H. corymbosa. Under strong light the leaves turn a reddish-brown; under normal light they are a medium to light green. In aquariums the plants produce small, lilac flowers. Emersed shoots typically display hairs on the stems and are generally firmer and more solid. Varieties of Hygrophila are highly compatible with paludariums and humid terrariums.
Genus :
Hygrophila
Genus :
Hygrophila
Species :
corymbosa
Species :
corymbosa ‘Thailand‘
Family :
Acanthaceae
Family :
Acanthaceae
Native to
Southeast Asia
Native to
Thailand
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
very fast
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Plants from A - Z | 69
Hygrophila difformis
Order No. 745 • PG 3 | H170
Order No. 692 • PG 3 | H60
Water Wisteria is an impressive example of the adaptability of leaves above and below the waterline. Emersed leaves have a simple shape with slightly serrated edges; submersed leaves tend to look more like feathers. This gives them a lovely filigree look. H. difformis is best showcased in a mix with simple leaf shapes. These plants are easy to cultivate, which of course makes them even more attractive. Propagation is very easy: remove offshoots from the main stem and replant.
Hygrophila polysperma is one of the “easiest” aquatic plants. Even in the worst possible conditions it will continue to grow. But of course, improving the conditions is, obviously, beneficial to the plant and its growth. Under good light the shoots turn a reddish-brown colour. This plant grows very quickly and needs to be cut back more frequently than other stem plants. Highly recommended for new setups and as a preventive measure against algae.
Genus :
Hygrophila
Genus :
Hygrophila
Species :
difformis
Species :
polysperma
Family :
Acanthaceae
Family :
Acanthaceae
Native to
India, Thailand
Native to
India, Sri Lanka, Thailand
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
very fast
Growth :
very fast
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-9
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
Water hardness : soft to very fast
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Hygrophila lancea
Order No. 987 • PG 5 | H75
Hygrophila polysperma ´Sunset´
Order No. 221 • PG 4 | H61
Recently reclassified; the former name H. spec. Araguaia is no longer valid. This is a dwarf plant and produces red-brown, narrow leaves under water. It sometimes creeps across the substrate to form carpeting. In its emersed state the plant often produces small, indigo-coloured flowers. The plants grow much better with decent light and a supply of CO2. This new Hygrophila appears very flimsy, and is used to best effect in a larger group. In a nano cube, a few stems are enough as a splash of colour.
´Sunset´ is a beautiful cultivar for the midground to background. In its emersed state the leaves are very noticeable with whitish-yellow veins; below the surface the plant blooms in hues from light pink to a deep reddish-pink. As with the regular H. polysperma, this variety is easy to care for and undemanding. Most other coloured stem plants are more difficult. A good iron fertiliser will help the shoots develop their intense colouring. The leaves of Hygrophila polysperma are 4 cm wide – smaller than the species and therefore suitable for nano cubes.
Genus :
Hygrophila
Genus :
Hygrophila
Species :
lancea
Species :
polysperma ‘Sunset‘
Family :
Acanthaceae
Family :
Acanthaceae
Native to
Southeast asia
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Midground up to 30 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 30 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Hygrophila pinnatifida
70 | Plants from A - Z
Hygrophila polysperma
Order No. 80 • PG 5 | H80
Juncus repens
Order No. 30009 plant-it • PG 5 | J10
This new variety from India has some highly unusual attributes. It has been commercially available for only a few years and is finding more and more use in fascinating landscapes. Not only are the leaves a very attractive rust brown to olive green, they also have a lovely feathered shape. Combine with simple plant shapes to really highlight the ornamental leaves. These plants also have the ability to grow on rocks and roots, which is completely atypical for stem plants.
Juncus repens is a grass-like marsh plant, which also grows when permanently under water. This small species of rush is native to southern and eastern USA and inhabits marshy shallow water. In the aquarium, Juncus repens is easy to care for and resilient. Softer water with a good CO2 supply promotes the best growth. In combination with other grass-like plants, you can design decorative meadow landscapes. However, this creeping rush also makes an attractive feature as a „filler plant“ between stones. With strong lighting and a good supply of micro-nutrients, the shoots can also become slightly reddish in colour.
Genus :
Hygrophila
Genus :
Juncus
Species :
pinnatifida
Species :
repens
Family :
Acanthaceae
Family :
Juncaceae
Native to
India
Native to
USA, Cuba
Area/height :
Midground up to 40 cm
Area/height :
Midground
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
10 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
medium
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-7
Water hardness : soft to medium
Water hardness : soft to neutral
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Side shoots
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Plants from A - Z | 71
Lagenandra meeboldii ‚Red‘
Order No. 30092 • PG 4 | L17
Lilaeopsis mauritiana
The genus Lagnandra is very closely related to the Cryptocorynes and colonises similar habitats. Lagenandra meeboldii is a very varied species and the variety ‚Red‘ is a wonderfully coloured plant for the midground. Until now most species in the genus Lagenandra were unsuitable for aquariums, however this new plant from India does impressively well in an underwater landscape. Here they also form a strong rhizome like the Anubias, but they should be planted into the substrate. With its striking colour this Indian beauty makes a great feature in a plant aquarium.
This variety comes from Mauritius and is an endemic species found only on the island. It grows very well but, like Lilaeopsis brasiliensis, very slowly. Cross-sections of the leaf are circular and look a bit like miniature chives. Again, radical pruning will promote thicker, denser growth. This grass-like plant is ideal for nano cubes and aquascaping.
Genus :
Lagenandra
Genus :
Lilaeopsis
Species :
meeboldii ‚Red‘
Species :
mauritiana
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Apiaceae
Native to
India
Native to
Mauritius
Area/height :
Midground up to 20 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 12 cm
Light :
high - medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
24 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
slow
pH:
6-7,5
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to medium
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
CO2:
10 - 30 mg/l
Propagation : Rhizome cuttings, runners
Lilaeopsis brasiliensis
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runner plants
Order No. 366 • PG 3 | L17
Limnophila sessiliflora
Order No. 746 • PG 2 | L30
Lilaeopsis brasiliensis is a decorative foreground plant. In the wild it colonises the banks of rivers and marshes up to altitudes of over 1,000 m. Its grassy look is similar to that of Helanthium tenellum, which is why it is sometimes referred to as “false tenellus”. You won’t have any problems cultivating this in an aquarium. It prefers fairly cool temperatures and grows extremely slowly, regardless of whether your tank has soft or hard water. Radical pruning, as with a lawn, encourages compact growth.
Stem plant distributed widely across Asia. In its emersed state it is a dwarf plant with shoots densely covered in leaves. In aquariums the feathered leaf shape is much more apparent, and the colour changes to light green. Limnophila sessiliflora is a good alternative to light-hungry Camombas. As with many of the more delicate stem plants, these stems are better planted in a large group. Under good light the shoots turn a rusty brown colour.
Genus :
Lilaeopsis
Genus :
Limnophila
Species :
brasiliensis
Species :
sessiliflora
Family :
Apiaceae
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Native to
Southeast Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
Native to
Southeast Asia
Area/height :
Foreground up to 8 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
high
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
very fast
pH:
6-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runner plants
Lilaeopsis macloviana
Order No. 30060 plant-it • PG 5 | L21
Limnophila spec. Vietnam
Order No. 125 • PG 4 | L10
This larger-growing Lilaeopsis species from South America has round, hollow blades up to 30 cm tall. So this species can be used in the midground as a transition plant with the background. Distinctive and very visible lateral grooves on the leaves are a typical distinguishing feature of this Lilaeopsis species. Thanks to its low temperature requirements this plant is also highly recommended for unheated aquaria. You can create a very natural feel with a plant community including Eleocharis acicularis and Lilaeopsis macloviana.
The genus Limnophila, from the figwort (Scrophulariaceae) family, has been well known in aquatics for a long time and is also commonly used. A new and rare plant is the as yet undefined Limnophila spec. ‘Vietnam‘. Like almost all species, the leaflets, which are just 1-2 cm long, sit radially on the stem. With a leaf width of just a few millimetres, the plant looks particularly delicate and decorative. With adequate lighting the plant displays considerable creeping growth and is ideal for the foreground to midground. Vigorously trimming the plants into shape enables the growth of wonderful, harmonious cushions. Limnophila spec. ‘Vietnam‘ is highly recommended for designs with hills and mountains.
Genus :
Lilaeopsis
Genus :
Limnophila
Species :
macloviana
Species :
spec. Vietnam
Family :
Apiaceae
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Native to
South America
Native to
Southeast Asia
Area/height :
Midground up to 30 cm
Area/height :
Midground 20 cm
Light :
high - medium
Light :
high
Temperature :
10 - 28°C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
medium
Growth :
medium
pH:
6-8
pH:
5-7
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to medium
CO2:
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
10 – 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
72 | Plants from A - Z
Order No. 769 • PG 4 | L20
Plants from A - Z | 73
Lobelia cardinalis
Order No. 941 • PG 4 | L50
Order No. 708 • PG 4 | 30043 plant-it • PG 5 | L60
The Cardinal Flower is a stem plant from North America. In its emersed state the leaves are a dark olive green with scarlet covering the underside. Submersed plants are light green and the leaves are smaller. The fleshy stems grow very slowly and only reach heights of 10 - 20 cm under water. Lobelia cardinalis is often used in the Dutch tank planting style. In this style, plants are bedded in larger groups in linear rows and are cultivated to give the impression of a typical flower garden.
Ludwigias are stem plants much loved by aquatics hobbyists and have been cultivated for decades. Ludwigia arcuata is native to the US where it prefers humid marshland. It is known as the most fragile variety for life under the water. Emersed stems are usually pure green; submersed stems are usually brown to red. “The stronger the light, the more intense the colours” - the general rule of thumb also applies to these plants. Cut the stems down to the lower third and you will soon be rewarded with a number of new shoots.
Genus :
Lobelia
Genus :
Ludwigia
Species :
cardinalis
Species :
arcuata
Family :
Lobeliaceae
Family :
Onagraceae
Native to
North America
Native to
East Coast of North America
Area/height :
Midground up to 20 cm
Area/height :
Midground 30 - 40 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high
Temperature :
10 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
fast
pH:
6-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to medium
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Lobelia cardinalis ´Mini´
Order No. 104 • PG 4 | L51
Ludwigia glandulosa
Order No. 789 • PG 4 | L88
Lobelia cardinalis ´Mini´ is a new and attractive cultivar. This dwarf form has smaller, rounder leaves than the species, and is a fantastic complement to the foreground of larger aquariums and nano cubes. Compact growth is assured with a good supply of nutrients, sufficient CO2, and adequate light. Offshoots can be cut and replanted at any time. This produces a lovely space full of these attractive mini Lobelias.
Another fabulously coloured Ludwigia - Ludwigia glandulosa. Intense red stems become apparent during emersed greenhouse cultivation. Submersed leaves are claret on both the upper and lower sides. This variety does not have as many branches as other Ludwigias, which is why we recommend arranging the stems in rows. These plants must have very good light and an adequate supply of CO2. Ludwigias are best displayed in combination with light green plants.
Genus :
Lobelia
Genus :
Ludwigia
Species :
cardinalis ‘Mini‘
Species :
glandulosa
Family :
Lobeliaceae
Family :
Onagraceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
Central America
Area/height :
Foreground 10 - 15 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 40 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high
Temperature :
15 - 25 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
moderate
pH:
6-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Lomariopsis lineata
Order No. 313 pad • PG 9 | MP10 At first glance it is easy to confuse this Lomariopsis with the moss, Monosolenium tenerum. The difference lies in the distinct central rib on the Monosolenium, which Lomariopsis does not have. Lomariopsis lineata is a peculiar fern that grows only during the prothallium stage and can be used like a moss in aquariums. Plugs are easy to tie down or can be “clamped” between or next to rocks and roots. This is a slow-growing plant and is therefore good for nano cubes.
74 | Plants from A - Z
Ludwigia arcuata
Ludwigia palustris ´Red´
Order No. 788 • PG 4 | L78
This background Ludwigia is easy to grow and easy to care for. Normal lighting is sufficient, but more intense light will ensure you get the best possible colours. In an emersed state the plants are almost green to a light reddish-brown. They are very tolerant of different water temperatures, and you can even plant them around the edge of a pond in the summer. Propagation is via head cuttings or side shoots. It grows relatively quickly and so requires frequent pruning.
Genus :
Lomariopsis
Genus :
Ludwigia
Species :
lineata
Species :
palustris ‘Red‘
Family :
Lomariopsidaceae
Family :
Onagraceae
Native to
Asia
Native to
North- and Middelamerica
Area/height :
Foreground up to 10 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
medium – low
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
fast
pH:
6-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Division
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Plants from A - Z | 75
Ludwigia repens
Order No. 793 • PG 3 | L70 Ludwigia repens is a highly variable stem plant with different leaf shapes and colours. It is easy to cultivate and care for, but does prefer temperatures below 26°C. It is also very tolerant in terms of water quality, making it a good beginner plant for any new setup. Since it grows quite quickly, you need to cut back the stems regularly. This produces many side shoots that can be used for propagation.
Genus :
Ludwigia
Species :
repens
Family :
Onagraceae
Native to
Central America
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard CO2:
0-20 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Ludwigia repens ‘Rubin‘
Order No. 950 • PG 4 | L55
This colourway has been available for almost 10 years, and is one of the most attractive red-leaved aquarium plants. Generating such rich, red tones requires strong light and a good supply of CO2. Under these conditions the leaf pairs are very closely arranged on the stems and the plants appear very compact. A group of around 10 stems mixed with light green varieties is like a fireworks display under water!
Genus :
Ludwigia
Species :
repens ‘Rubin‘
Family :
Onagraceae
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
high
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Ludwigia spec. ´Dark Orange´ Colourful stem plants are a fascinating spectacle in a botanical underwater garden. On our Plantahunter Tour in the ‚Sunshine State‘ of Florida we were able to investigate and photograph the famous Ludwigia repens in various springs and rivers. The plant grows above water in the riparian zone with pure green leaves – underwater however, it reveals its true beauty with intense shades of red and orange and its enormous size. 76 | Plants from A - Z
Order No. 30078 • PG 4 | L80
A new, attractive stem plant is Ludwigia spec. ‚Dark Orange‘. The variety name comes from the colour of the underwater leaves in the aquarium. Depending on the light intensity it has wonderful colouring ranging from a yellow-orange to deep, dark orange. Another feature is the striking venation of the leaves above water, but this is also clearly visible when it is submerged. As with all stem plants, this colourful new plant should be planted in large numbers to achieve a nice effect. Strong lighting and sufficient CO2 addition guarantee strong growth. Genus :
Ludwigia
Species :
spec. ´Dark Orange´
Family :
Onagraceae
Native to
Cultivar
Area/height :
background up to 50 cm
Light :
high - medium
Temperature :
18 – 26°C
Growth :
medium
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard CO2:
20 -30 mg/l
Propagation :
Tip cuttings
Plants from A - Z | 77
Lysimachia nummularia ´Aurea´
Order No. 226 • PG 2 | L100
Micranthemum spec. ´Montecarlo´
‘Aurea’ is a gorgeous colour variant of creeping Jenny. It has exactly the same needs as the species but prefers a little more light. Golden creeping Jenny is one of the standard indicator plants that very quickly display any lack of nutrients in the form of stagnation and stunted growth. In aquariums, the golden stems allow you to play with appealing, harmonious gradations of light and dark.
Eine neue und vielversprechende Foregroundpflanze ist Micranthemum spec. ´Montecarlo´. Namensgeber für diese Sorte ist die argentinische Stadt Montecarlo in der Provinz Misiones. Im Gegensatz zu bekannten M.umbrosum wächst diese Pflanze nicht aufrecht, sondern als Polster kriechend am Boden. Daher ist diese Neuheit eine sehr gute Alternative zur Hemianthus callitrichoides ´Cuba´ mit deutlichen besseren Wuchseigenschaften. Das neue Perlenkraut ist besonders für das Aquascaping und für Nano Cubes bestens geeignet.
Genus :
Lysimachia
Genus :
Micranthemum
Species :
nummularia ´Aurea´
Species :
spec. ´Montecarlo´
Family :
Primulaceae
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Native to
Europe, North America, Japan
Native to
Argentina
Area/height :
Background up to 40 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 3-5 cm
Light :
high
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
10 - 26 °C
Temperature :
20 - 26 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
medium
pH:
6-8
pH:
5-7
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness :
very soft to medium
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
20 to 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Propagation :
Division
Marsilea hirsuta
Order No. 137 plant-it • PG 5 | M90
Micranthemum umbrosum
Order No. 233 • PG 4 | M30
Marsilea hirsuta belongs to the water clover family and is native to Australia. Due to its small size it is also known as dwarf four leaf clover. In marsh conditions, the plant forms small clover shaped leaflets when out of the water; under water ovate leaflets usually form, which are strongly reminiscent of the Glossostigma plant. The dwarf four leaf clover, however, is much easier to cultivate and very low maintenance. It does take a certain amount of time for the young plant to acclimatise to the aquarium, but it gradually forms an attractive carpet. Ideally the emersed shoots should be completely cut off before planting; new submerged shoots will gradually form.
Micranthemum umbrosum is an exquisite aquarium plant originally from the US. Its round leaves grow to around 0.5 cm and are a brilliant light green. Like most light-hungry plants it does not tolerate high temperatures. As with Hemianthus micranthemoides, these plants are easy to keep in shape with a sharp pair of scissors. Baby Tears is suitable for nano cubes, particularly if you are running your miniature aquarium without a heater.
Genus :
Marsilea
Genus :
Micranthemum
Species :
hirsuta
Species :
umbrosum
Family :
Marsileaceae
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Native to
Australia
Native to
Central America
Area/height :
Foreground 1 - 3 cm
Area/height :
Midground 15 - 25 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high
Temperature :
20 - 26 °C
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Growth :
medium
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
10 - 30 mg/l
Propagation : Runners, division
Mayaca fluviatilis
78 | Plants from A - Z
Order No. 30033 • PG 4 | 30038 plant-it • PG 5 | M100
Order No. 30034 • PG 4 | M20
Microsorum pteropus
Order No. 944 • PG 5 | 946 XXL • PG 13 | M40
Stream bog moss is a very delicate plant from North and South America. Fine, needle-like leaves are closely packed along the stems, giving the plant a mossy appearance. It prefers fairly soft water and good lighting. Ideally you should plant these very thin stems in a somewhat fine substrate using plant tweezers. Mayaca is a backdrop plant often chosen for the midground to background. Showy plants with unusual shapes or colours can be combined with Mayaca to very pleasing effect.
Java Fern is the most popular type of fern with aquatics hobbyists, and is widespread in tropical Asia. This species varies widely and displays a number of different leaf shapes and sizes. A completely undemanding specimen and a perfect plant for beginners, it grows best when the rhizomes are anchored to rocks or driftwood. Low to medium light is completely sufficient, although it also grows well under strong lighting. Older leaves can sometimes produce plantlets that can easily be cut away and reattached at another point using a piece of thin fishing line.
Genus :
Mayaca
Genus :
Microsorum
Species :
fluviatilis
Species :
pteropus
Family :
Mayacaceae
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Native to
South America
Native to
Southeast Asia
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 40 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
medium – low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
slow – moderate
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Propagation :
Daughter plants from leaves and roots
Plants from A - Z | 79
Microsorum pteropus ´Minor´
Order No. 30083 • PG 6 | M47
Order No. 30082 • PG 6 | M46
Probably the smallest-leaved variety of Java fern is Microsorum pteropus ‚Minor‘. It has been propagated by selecting extremely small plants and is a feature for any aquascaping layout. This tiny plant is also perfect for use in a Nano Cube. The speed of growth is also very slow, requiring very little maintenance. In combination with different mosses you can create a „natural“ miniature design.
Another nice variety is a Java fern from the Philippines. It has a very structured, „hammered“ leaf surface with narrow leaf blades. It is just as undemanding as all Java fern species, however it does not grow well in soft water. In its natural habitat this fern sometimes grows in the intertidal zone and is therefore also good for aquaria with brackish water. When planted in the background, this bright green variety is a real showstopper in any underwater landscape.
Genus :
Microsorum
Genus :
Microsorum
Species :
pteropus ´Minor´
Species :
pteropus ´Philippine´
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
Philippines
Area/height :
foreground up to 10 cm
Area/height :
background up to 40 cm
Light :
medium - low
Light :
medium - low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
very slow
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l
Propagation :
Daughter plants from leaves and roots
Propagation :
Daughter plants from leaves and roots
Microsorum pteropus ´Narrow Leaf´
Order No. 30080 • PG 6 | M44
Microsorum pteropus ´Trident´
Order No. 640 • PG 8 | M43
The ‚Narrow Leaf‘ variety is an elegant, delicate alternative to the stem form, with considerably narrower leaves. The growth rate is relatively slow, so it is very low-maintenance. Like all Java species it prefers to grow on root wood in partial shade. It constantly produces small plantlets, which can be replanted in another position. Gradually a real „Java fern garden“ develops, with an especially natural feel.
‘Trident’ has a decorative filigree look, with split leaves, some more than others, with narrow middle and side lobes. As with the species form, this variety is easy to care for and undemanding. In terms of aquascaping, whether in a large aquarium or a 30 L nano cube, this type of Java fern opens up a world of beautiful design options. For a real showstopper, use mature plants on free-standing roots that weave their way through your underwater landscape.
Genus :
Microsorum
Genus :
Microsorum
Species :
pteropus ´Narrow Leaf´
Species :
pteropus ‘Trident‘
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Native to
Southeast Asia
Native to
Southeast Asia
Area/height :
background up to 40 cm
Area/height :
Midground up to 30 cm
Light :
medium - low
Light :
medium – low
Temperature :
22 – 28°C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
0 -10 mg/l
CO2:
0-10 mg/l
Propagation :
Daughter plants from leaves and roots
Propagation :
Daughter plants from leaves and roots
Microsorum pteropus ´Petite´
80 | Plants from A - Z
Microsorum pteropus ´Philippine´
Order No. 30081 • PG 6 | M45
Monosolenium tenerum
Order No. 933 pad • PG 8 | MP07
Like the ‚Narrow Leaf‘ variety, the Java fern variety ‚Petite‘ has narrow leaves but stays considerably shorter and more compact. The leaf blades are also sometimes slightly bent and have slightly wavy edges. Thanks to its small size this variety is also ideally suited to small aquaria. The variety ‚Petite‘ has been produced using targeted selection – especially small plants are picked out and propagated by means of meristem culture in the plant laboratory. Like all Java ferns, this variety also grows best when attached to wood and stone.
This Monosolenium moss is a member of the liverwort family and originates from Southeast Asia. It forms a relatively large, dark green thallus. Like many other mosses, Monosolenium is undemanding but needs decent nutrition to be able to form a lush cushion. Good lighting encourages compact growth; under weak light the thalli tend to be narrow and thin. You can place the thallus directly onto the substrate. You can also secure the moss by tying it to rocks or driftwood.
Genus :
Microsorum
Genus :
Monosolenium
Species :
pteropus ´Petite´
Species :
tenerum
Family :
Scrophulariaceae
Family :
Monosoleniaceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
India, China, Taiwan, Japan
Area/height :
midground up to 20 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 10 cm
Light :
medium - low
Light :
medium – low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
0 - 10 mg/l
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Daughter plants from leaves and roots
Propagation :
Division
Plants from A - Z | 81
Myriophyllum mattogrossense
Order No. 126 • PG 4 | M80
Nymphoides spec. ´Taiwan´
The Mato Grosso milfoil is a species from the Myriophyllum genus that is particularly easy to care for. It is found in Ecuador, Brazil and Bolivia. This plant inhabits fast-flowing, cooler waters. The pinnate submerged leaves are bright light-green and contrast very well with other green or coloured plants. In terms of care you should make sure there is a good supply of nutrients, especially good iron fertilisation. If there is an iron deficiency the shoot tips become much lighter to whitish. Myriophyllum mattogrossense also grows relatively well with medium lighting and is therefore also ideal for aquascaping beginners. Due to its potential height, this plant is recommended for the midground to background.
In contrast to many other Nymphoides species with floating leaves, this species only forms underwater leaves. The decorative, vibrant, light green leaves create excellent contrast with other green or coloured aquarium plants. The origin of this species is still uncertain – the first examples were imported from Taiwan. Hence the variety name of this low-maintenance Nymphoides species, ‚Taiwan‘. This plant is also especially well-suited to Discus aquaria. The fish like to hang around under the leaf canopy.
Genus :
Myriophyllum
Genus :
Nymphoides
Species :
mattogrossense
Species :
spec. ´Taiwan´
Family :
Haloragaceae
Family :
Menyanthaceae
Native to
Ecuador, Brazil, Bolivia
Native to
Southeast Asia
Area/height :
Background
Area/height :
Midground up to 40 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high - medium
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 – 28°C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
medium
pH:
5-8
pH:
6-8
Water hardness :
soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
10 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
10 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Propagation :
Adventitious plants on the leaves
Myriophyllum tuberculatum
Order No. 717 • PG 4 | M70
Persicaria spec. ´Sao Paulo´
The rich colours make this a very popular choice, but it is a difficult plant that requires attention to several factors. It must have intense, strong lighting and has complex nutritional needs, demanding especially high levels of iron and other micronutrients. When all of these conditions are met, the stems grow towards the surface displaying fiery red, whorled leaves. Pruning involves cutting the stems back to half their length and then replanting the top portion.
Order No. 253 • PG 4 | P30
The taxonomy of this stem plant has caused some debate among botanists, but is currently called ‘sao Paulo’. Visually, we recommend planting a large group and creating a staggered layout. the intense red shoots that appear under good lighting are fabulous. A good, permanent supply of CO2 ensures that the stems grow strong. Persicarias can also be planted in paludariums. In these conditions you will be able to produce the typical “spiky” flowerheads.
Genus :
Myriophyllum
Genus :
Persicaria
Species :
tuberculatum
Species :
spec. ‘Sao Paulo‘
Family :
Haloragaceae
Family :
Polygonaceae
Native to
South America
Native to
Unknown
Area/height :
Background up to 40 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 40 cm
Light :
high
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to slightly hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Nymphaea lotus ´Red´
82 | Plants from A - Z
Order No. 30062 plant-it • PG 5 | N88
Order No. 726 • PG 2 | N55
Pogostemon erectus
Order No. 101 • PG 5 | 30041 plant-it • PG 5 | P11
Red Tiger Lotus is broadly distributed across tropical Africa, where it inhabits various bodies of water, including temporary pools and lakes, and flowing water. It has a bulb for storing nutrients and robust floating leaves. Its most attractive feature is the submersed juvenile leaves that do not reach the surface. Of the two colourways, this red variant is the more popular among aquarists; the green version is hard to find commercially. Tiger Lotus is generally undemanding. Older, larger leaves should always be removed at the base of the bulb.
Pogostemon erectus is another new arrival from India. This stem plant produces very elegant needles in a beautiful light green. It is not very difficult to cultivate if you provide enough light and CO2. For aquascaping purposes, this Indian beauty mixes very well with red or brown-hued plants. It grows at moderate speed. Feel free to radically prune a group of plants - the stems will soon produce new side shoots, and your plants will be thicker and more compact.
Genus :
Nymphaea
Genus :
Pogostemon
Species :
lotus ‘Red‘
Species :
erectus
Family :
Nymphaeaceae
Family :
Lamiaceae
Native to
Africa
Native to
South Asia
Area/height :
Midground up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 40 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
20 - 30 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to medium
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Seeds; daughter plants from the bulb
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Plants from A - Z | 83
Pogostemon helferi
Order No. 913 • PG 5 | P10
Order No. 301 • PG 4 | P401
Although scientists have been aware of this plant for a long time, aquatics hobbyists discovered it only a few years ago. With highly decorative, rippled leaves it is probably one of the most beautiful foreground plants available. What first appears to be a rosette plant is actually very stocky stem plant. If you create the ideal conditions, Pogostemon helferi will produce a fantastic cushion for you: good to strong light, temperatures around 25°C, medium-hard water. Under these conditions the leaves are a saturated green.
Pogostemon stellatus is a stem plant with closely packed leaf whorls and intensely coloured leaf tips. It is most frequently found in Asia and Australia, where it grows in marshy and swampy areas and sometimes at altitudes greater than 2,000 m. Aquarium cultivation is very difficult and requires soft water to promote decent growth. Strong light, a permanent supply of CO2, and good nutrition are also indispensable. As soon as the stems reach the water’s surface you can remove the shoots and replant them. Note that the cut lower portion of the stem will continue to send out new shoots.
Genus :
Pogostemon
Genus :
Pogostemon
Species :
helferi
Species :
stellatus spec.
Family :
Lamiaceae
Family :
Lamiaceae
Native to
Southeast Asia
Heimat/Höhe:
Southeast Asia, Australia
Area/height :
Foreground up to 10 cm
Standort:
Background up to 40 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
moderate
pH:
6-8
pH:
5-7
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
Water hardness : very soft to medium
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20-30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Pogostemon quadrifolius
Order No. 30035 • PG 4 | P12
Ranunculus inundatus
Order No. 118 • PG 4 | 30067 plant-it • PG 5 | R20
Pogostemon quadrifolius is a new water starwort from Laos. This species is closely related to Pogostemon stellatus. This new stem plant is sometimes also referred to as Pogostemon stellatus ‘Octopus‘. It is very easy to care for and grows very strongly. For this reason, the stock of plants should be frequently replanted by means of head cuttings. The side shoots can also be used, they grow somewhat slower and are therefore also recommended for Nano Cubes.
The river buttercup, Ranunculus inundatus, is a very decorative plant which is new to aquatics. In its natural site in Australia, this plant grows in damp locations, in some cases in the shallow water of ponds and lakes. Its most striking feature are the wonderfully formed leaves which are shaped like a slotted umbrella. Like Hydrocotyle species, this plant constantly forms stolon shoots. They generally creep along the substrate and form new leaf stems at the nodes. This gradually results in beautiful groups of plants with a very ornamental appearance. Ranunculus inundatus is a plant that needs strong lighting and therefore also requires a higher nutrient supply.
Genus :
Pogostemon
Genus :
Ranunculus
Species :
quadrifolius
Species :
inundatus
Family :
Lamiaceae
Family :
Ranunculaceae
Native to
Laos, Southeast Asia
Native to
Australia
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Area/height :
Midground 10-15cm
Light :
high - medium
Light :
high - medium
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Growth :
very fast
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-7,5
pH:
5-7
Water hardness :
soft to medium
Water hardness : soft to medium hard
CO2:
10 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Propagation : Runners, Division
Pogostemon stellatus ´Broad Leaf´
84 | Plants from A - Z
Pogostemon stellatus spec.
Order No. 128 • PG 4 | 30061 plant-it • PG 5 | P50
20 - 30 mg/l
Riccardia chamedryfolia
Order No. 929 pad • PG 8 | MP04
Pogostemon species are now very popular in aquatics, especially in aquascaping. The older designation Eusteralis stellata is still more commonly found commercially. Pogostemon stellatus is a very variable species with a variety of leaf shapes and colours. The name ‘Broad Leaf‘ refers to the appearance of the wider leaf shape. Interestingly this variety is not as sensitive as the stem form, which frequently forms stunted shoot tips. Very good lighting, a constant CO2 supply and intense fertilisation of the water guarantee lush, colourful plants in an underwater landscape.
Riccardia chamedryfolia – a liverwort - is one of the best-looking mosses. It has spread throughout tropical Asia, and we uncovered it at a small waterfall on Sulawesi. Riccardia has an incredibly intricate structure. Firm, reef-like, deep green shoots can be easily attached to driftwood and rocks. This is an easy moss under medium light; CO2 is not essential but does encourage healthy, vital growth. Riccardia’s small size makes it suitable for nano cubes.
Genus :
Pogostemon
Genus :
Riccardia
Species :
stellatus ´Broad Leaf´
Species :
chamedryfolia
Family :
Lamiaceae
Family :
Aneuraceae
Native to
Australia, Papua New Guinea
Native to
Tropical Asia, Australia
Area/height :
Midground up to 40 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 5 cm
Light :
high
Light :
medium – low
Temperature :
20 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
medium
Growth :
very slow
pH:
5-7
pH:
5-8
Water hardness :
very soft to medium
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Tip cuttings, side shoots
Propagation :
Division
Plants from A - Z | 85
Riccia fluitans
Order No. 374 plant-it • PG 5 | R80
Order No. 915 • PG 3 | R10
Crystalwort is well-documented around the world, and floats on the surface or inhabits moist substrate. Takashi Amano was the first to popularise this floating moss as an aquarium plant. He adds Riccia as a foreground plant to many of his designs. Cultivation and care are both easy: attach the cushions to rocks or logs to provide a solid base for them to grow on. Maintain compact growth by trimming the light green branches with scissors every so often. CO2 supplementation significantly increases growth.
One of the classic aquarium stem plants. the species name refers to the round leaves that form above water. Below the surface, leaves are elongated and oval and display some fantastic colours even in normal lighting conditions. strong light plus high dosing with iron and micronutrients will give you an aquarium bursting with brilliant red tones! R. rotundifolia is also easy to shape with scissors. an attractive, colourful accent in any nano cube.
Genus :
Riccia
Genus :
Rotala
Species :
fluitans
Species :
rotundifolia
Family :
Ricciaceae
Family :
Lythraceae
Native to
Cosmopolitan
Native to
southeast asia
Area/height :
Foreground up to 5 cm
Standort:
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
medium – low
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
0 -10 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Division
Propagation :
Head cuttings, Seitentriebe
Rotala indica
Order No. 30047 plant-it • PG 5 | R40
Rotala spec. Green
Order No. 121 • PG 4 | R14
This new arrival was known as Ammania spec. Bonsai, but it is actually the „real“ Rotala indica. This name was mistakenly used as a synonym for Rotala rotundifolia for decades. Unlike Rotala rotundifolia, the differences between the emersed and submerged leaves of this plant are hard to see. The oval to circular leaflets are densely packed on the stem and give a very ornamental appearance. The growth is always upright, which provides interesting design possibilities. The slow growth also favours placing it in the foreground or the mid-zone of an underwater landscape. A free standing group in a Hemianthus carpet looks particularly impressive.
Rotala spec. ‘Green’ is a new variety that has yet to receive its confirmed classification. Above water the leaves are round, as on the Rotala rotundifolia, and dark green. In an aquarium the leaves are thin and elliptical, and a much brighter green. Another characteristic feature is the stems, which begin to bow once they reach a certain height. This is a good aquarium plant due to its undemanding nature. Groups of stems can easily be shaped using scissors to create a bushy cluster.
Genus :
Rotala
Genus :
Rotala
Species :
indica
Species :
spec. Green
Family :
Lythraceae
Family :
Lythraceae
Native to
India, Southeast Asia
Native to
Unknown
Area/height :
Midground 30-40 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 50 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
medium
Growth :
fast
pH:
5-7
pH:
5-8
Water hardness :
soft to medium
Water hardness : very soft to hard
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Rotala macrandra ´Green´
86 | Plants from A - Z
Rotala rotundifolia
Order No. 131 • PG 4 | R15
Sagittaria platyphylla
Order No. 261 • PG 4 | S10
Rotala macrandra has a very variable appearance with many colours and leaf shapes. The emersed leaflets are round, whereas in water the leaves are narrow and elliptical with a light green colour. With good lighting, the shoot tips become slightly reddish in places, resulting in a striking appearance. This variety is easier to cultivate than the pure red stem form. The growth rate is average, so this variety is highly recommended for the background in Nano Cubes. This delicate stem plant is also well suited for use in aquascaping layouts.
Like Echinodorus, Sagittarias are members of the water plantain family. They are also resident in North and South America. Sagittaria platyphylla has a short rhizome. Submersed leaves are like ribbons and arranged almost in a rosette. They can grow up to 25 cm long. In an aquarium the ideal spot for these plants is in the midground, or the foreground in larger aquariums. These are very easy plants that prefer fairly cool water temperatures. They grow slowly, and older, outer leaves can be removed occasionally.
Genus :
Rotala
Genus :
Sagittaria
Species :
macrandra ´Green´
Species :
platyphylla
Family :
Lythraceae
Family :
Alismataceae
Native to
Southeast Asia
Native to
Americas
Area/height :
Background
Area/height :
Foreground up to 20 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Growth :
medium
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-7
pH:
5-8
Water hardness :
very soft to medium
Water hardness : very soft to medium
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
Propagation : Runners
20 - 30 mg/l
Plants from A - Z | 87
Sagittaria subulata var. pusilla
Order No. 742 • PG 4 | 30063 plant-it • PG 5 | S30
Staurogyne repens
This dwarf arrowhead is a much loved aquarium plant with very narrow, ribbon-like leaves. You could be forgiven for first thinking that the leaves look like Vallisnerias. Sagittaria subulata var. pussila is highly variable and can grow anywhere from a few centimetres up to 40 cm tall. Under good lighting, this arrowhead variety stays nice and short for use in the foreground. Regularly removing any runners with longer leaves will help keep the carpet short. Medium-hard to hard water is best for these plants, but they tolerate a variety of water temperatures.
This attractive new variety from Brazil is called Staurogyne repens, a member of the acanthus family. It looks a bit like a miniature Hygrophila but is an outstanding plant for the foreground. It grows very slowly and, under good conditions, will crawl across the substrate. Staurogyne demands intense light and a good supply of nutrients via the substrate. Regularly trimming the shoot tips will force the plant to push out a lot of new horizontal shoots, and will eventually give you a very nice, thick stand of plants. For aquascaping purposes, these beauties mix well with Hemianthus callitrichoides.
Genus :
Sagittaria
Genus :
Staurogyne
Species :
subulata var.pusilla
Species :
repens
Family :
Alismataceae
Family :
Acanthaceae
Native to
Eastern US, South America
Native to
Brazil
Area/height :
Foreground 10 - 40 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 10 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
pH:
6-7
Water hardness : very soft to medium
Water hardness : soft to medium
CO2:
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Head cuttings, side shoots
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Schismatoglottis roseaspatha
Order No. 30079 • PG 5 | S70
Staurogyne spec. ´Porto Vehlo´
Order No. 133 • PG 5 | S20
On our Borneo trip we discovered a plant with two different looks! Schismatoglottis is usually found on the banks of streams in the spray zone, living in close association with other arum plants. Here it can grow to a height of 50 cm or more. Underwater it looks completely different. The plants form compact cushions with very small leaf blades. In this form this plant is very similar to the wellknown Cryptocorynes. Planted into coarse-grained substrates or attached to stone or wood, this species is an asset for any plant lover.
Staurogyne spec. ‘Porto Vehlo‘ from Brazil is still a little known species in Europe. It is named after the capital of the state of Rondonia in the western part of Brazil. This plant from the acanthus family (like Hygrophila) has very narrow, pointed leaves. Good lighting promotes creeping growth and even a light purple colouring to the leaves. After settling in, the plants grow into dense cushions. Occasional thinning of the shoots promotes a strong plant. There is little experience of cultivation, but the growth is slower than the Staurogyne repens. A good CO2 supply and adequate micronutrients are absolutely essential.
Genus :
Schismatoglottis
Genus :
Staurogyne
Species :
roseaspatha
Species :
spec. Porto Vehlo
Family :
Araceae
Family :
Acanthaceae
Native to
Borneo
Native to
Brazil
Area/height :
Foreground up to 10 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 3-5 cm
Light :
medium - low
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 – 28°C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
very slow
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-7
pH:
5-7,5
Water hardness : soft to medium
Water hardness : soft to medium-hard
CO2:
10 - 30 mg/l
CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Tip cuttings
Propagation :
Head cuttings
Solenostoma tetragonum
Order No. 928 pad • PG 8 | MP03
Solenostoma is a leafy liverwort. If you look closely you can see the very densely packed leaves. Hence the common name “pearl moss”. Widespread throughout tropical Asia and, as with most mosses, easy to look after and cultivate. Growth is slow but steady under medium light, creating small cushions. These can be divided at any time and replanted elsewhere. Very well-suited to nano cubes 10 L and up.
88 | Plants from A - Z
Order No. 982 • PG 5 | 30044 plant-it • PG 5 | S40
Taxiphyllum barbieri
Order No. 756 • PG 5 | 926 pad • PG 8 | T60 Taxiphyllum barbieri is erroneously called Java moss. “Real” Java moss, Vesicularia dubyana, has been gradually phased out since the 1970s in favour of Taxiphyllum barbieri. This is a challenging and highly variable moss that displays several different growth habits. It grows well even in heavily shaded areas and is very tolerant of different water conditions. Anchoring the plants to logs and rocks will help create moss landscapes.
Genus :
Solenostoma
Genus :
Taxiphyllum
Species :
tetragona
Species :
barbieri
Family :
Solenostomataceae
Family :
Hypnaceae
Native to
Southeast Asia, Australia
Native to
Southeast Asia
Area/height :
Foreground up to 5 cm
Area/height :
Foreground 5 - 10 cm
Light :
medium – low
Light :
medium – low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
Growth :
moderate
pH:
5-8
pH:
5-9
Water hardness : soft to hard
Water hardness : very soft to very hard
CO2:
0 - 20 mg/l
CO2:
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Division
Propagation :
Division
Plants from A - Z | 89
Taxiphyllum spec. ´Bonito´
Order No. 30051 pad • PG 2 | MP15
We discovered the new Bonito moss on our Plantahunter tour in Brazil and propagated it in our greenhouses. It forms dense, elongated, palmate fronds with an intensive green colour. Like most mosses, it is very easy to care for in the aquarium. Vigorous pruning promotes especially compact moss cushions. The growth is hugely influenced by changing the water regularly, fresh, clear water and the CO2 supply. Ideally this new moss from Brazil grows attached to roots or stones.
Genus :
Taxiphyllum
Species :
spec. ´Bonito´
Family :
Hypnaceae
Native to
Brazil
Area/height :
Foreground up to 10 cm
Light :
medium - low
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard CO2:
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Division
Taxiphyllum spec. ‘Flame Moss’
Order No. 930 pad • PG 8 | 30064 plant-it • PG 5 | MP05
This moss, which has not yet been definitively classified, is at home in Southeast Asia. The “flame” in the name relates to its exceptional growth behaviour: the upright shoots are more or less twisted and look like dancing flames. Care and cultivation are easy, and radical pruning is possible at any time. Binding the moss to free-standing logs and thin root branches will create an incredibly attractive look. This is a fantastic way of highlighting this plant’s growth characteristics.
Genus :
Taxiphyllum
Species :
spec. Flammenmoos
Family :
Hypnaceae
Native to
Southeast Asia
Area/height :
Foreground up to 10 cm
Light :
medium – low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : very soft to hard CO2:
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Division
Utricularia graminifolia
Order No. 360 plant-it • PG 5 | U01 Utricularia graminifolia is an elegant, light green foreground plant. We found this variety at an altitude of 2,000 m in fast-flowing water and emersed in the splash zone of small streams in Sri Lanka. In aquariums this plant needs medium light to gradually produce a thick but very short carpet. Utricularia has a few unique characteristics: it is a carnivorous plant and produces special bladder traps to capture passing microorganisms. Fish and shrimp are perfectly safe, however.
Genus :
Utricularia
Species :
graminifolia
Family :
Lentibulariaceae
Native to
Southeast Asia
Area/height :
Foreground up to 5 cm
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 -28 °C
Growth :
slow
pH:
6-7,5
Caution ! Flesh eater ! Utricularias are part of the bladderwort family and are carnivorous plants. The most familiar species in aquatics is the foreground plant Utricularia graminifolia. We found this tiny plant en route to the highlands of Sri Lanka. Here it colonises large rocks and stones in the spray zone, in close association with various moss species. In the Horton Plains, at an altitude of over 2000 m, we also found this „flesh eater“ living submerged in a clear mountain stream.
Water hardness : soft to slightly hard CO2:
10 -20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
90 | Plants from A - Z
Plants from A - Z | 91
Vallisneria australis ´Curly´
Order No. 393 • PG 5 | V12
Vallisneria nana
Vallisneria nana is new to the world of aquatics. The species name “nana” means „dwarf”. However, these plants only grow this way in their natural habitat in Australia. In our aquariums they can reach lengths of 30 to 70 cm. It makes this narrow-leaved variety more suitable as a background element. Very easy to cultivate and care for, but again it is important to keep runners in check. CO2 supplementation promotes additional growth in all Vallisnerias.
After Vallisneria spiralis, Vallisneria australis is the most frequently cultivated plant in this genus. Our friend ‘Curly‘ has attractive, bullate leaves and is an ornamental complement to any background. Large aquariums are absolutely essential here since the leaves can reach 100 - 200 cm. Propagation occurs via runners, which should be removed regularly to prevent uncontrolled growth. These plants thrive best in medium-hard to hard water.
Genus :
Vallisneria
Genus :
Vallisneria
Species :
australis ´Curly´
Species :
nana
Family :
Hydrocharitaceae
Family :
Hydrocharitaceae
Native to
Cultivar
Native to
Northern Australia
Area/height :
Background up to 200 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 70 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
fast
Growth :
moderate
pH:
6-9
pH:
6-9
Water hardness : medium hard to very hard
Water hardness : soft to very hard
CO2:
CO2:
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Vallisneria australis ´Gigantea´
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Order No. 751 • PG 5 | V10
The giant Vallisneria is a highly variable aquatic plant that is native to Australia. Its long, narrow leaves can reach almost unbelievable sizes - up to 3 m in length is not uncommon. It is extremely popular for use in discus aquariums and setups for East African cichlids from the Malawi and Tanganyika Lakes. These fish need fairly hard water, which can be a problem for a lot of plants. Vallisneria australis ´Gigantea´ actually prefers it.
Vallisneria spiralis
Order No. 753 • PG 4 | V30 Vallisneria spiralis is another classic aquarium plant. This undemanding variety produces ribbon-like leaves between 0.8 and 1.5 cm wide. Leaves of up to 1 m have been recorded. Care and cultivation are easy, and these plants are helpful in building a living green backdrop. Runners that grow in the front area should be removed regularly. The species name “spiralis” refers not to the leaves, but to the spiralling flower stalks. This is a perfect addition to any cichlid aquarium.
Genus :
Vallisneria
Genus :
Vallisneria
Species :
australis ´Gigantea´
Species :
spiralis
Family :
Hydrocharitaceae
Family :
Hydrocharitaceae
Native to
Australia
Native to
Tropical cosmopolitan
Area/height :
Background up to 200 cm
Area/height :
Background up to 100 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
fast
pH:
6-9
pH:
6-9
Water hardness : medium hard to very hard
Water hardness : soft to very hard
CO2:
CO2:
0 - 20 mg/l
Vallisneria australis ´Marbled´
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Propagation : Runners
Order No. 752 • PG 6 | V11
Vallisneria spiralis ´Torta´
Order No. 761 • PG 4 | V41
This variety displays very obvious marbling and/or linear markings. However, the dark olive green colour can be maintained only under good lighting. In terms of cultivation and care it has exactly the same needs as the giant Vallisneria. Planting tip: Like all giant Vallisnerias, V. australis ´Marbled´ loves moving water and should be planted near the outflow filter, since it is often found near flowing water in the wild.
Highly ornamental variety of Vallisneria spiralis that develops in a twisted shape. Commercially it is often known as “twisted vallis”. Reaching a height of 30 to 50 cm, the leaves are much smaller than the species. It is an undemanding plant in terms of cultivation, but prefers slightly stronger light than the regular V. spiralis. ‘Torta’ adds much to the midground of small and the background of larger aquariums.
Genus :
Vallisneria
Genus :
Vallisneria
Species :
australis ´Marbled´
Species :
spiralis ‘Torta‘
Family :
Hydrocharitaceae
Family :
Hydrocharitaceae
Native to
Australien
Native to
Africa, Southwest Asia
Area/height :
Background up to 200 cm
Area/height :
Midground 30 - 50 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
high – medium
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
18 - 26 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
moderate
pH:
6-9
pH:
6-9
Water hardness : medium hard to very hard
Water hardness : Soft to very hard
CO2:
CO2:
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
92 | Plants from A - Z
Order No. 386 • PG 5 | V20
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Plants from A - Z | 93
Vallisneria spiralis ‘Tortifolia‘
Order No. 754 • PG 4 | V40
Vesicularia spec. Triangelmoos
Order No. 927 pad • PG 8 | MP02
Vallisneria spiralis ´Tortifolia´ is the smaller cousin of the ‘Torta’. It grows to around 25 cm in height and is an easy plant for small aquariums and even nano cubes. Remarkable and ornate, this plant opens up a world of design options in combination with other aquarium plants. Not to mention the possibilities if you vary the size of the gravel. Runners will gradually pop up between the stones, making your tank look like a natural river bed with stones and plants.
The origins of the Triangle Moss are unknown, but it may have arrived from Taiwan. This moss spreads easily and often shoots its triangular stems straight upwards. Like most aquatic mosses it prefers fresh, clear water. Triangle Moss, along with other moss varieties, is very compatible with paludariums. Very interesting visual effects can be achieved by adding a miniature waterfall or small brook. Mosses will happily grow both above and under the water. Experience nature in the comfort of your living room!
Genus :
Vallisneria
Genus :
Vesicularia
Species :
spiralis ‘Tortifolia‘
Species :
spec. Triangelmoos
Family :
Hydrocharitaceae
Family :
Hypnaceae
Native to
North America
Native to
Southeast Asia
Area/height :
Midground up to 25 cm
Area/height :
Foreground up to 10 cm
Light :
high – medium
Light :
medium – low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
moderate
Growth :
moderate
pH:
6-9
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to very hard
Water hardness : soft to hard
CO2:
CO2:
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Division
0 - 20 mg/l
Propagation : Runners
Vesicularia ferriei – Weeping Moos
Order No. 30066 plant-it • PG 5 | V62
Hardly any other moss is as popular as the Java moss, Vesicularia ferriei. The commercial name ´Weeping Moos´ refers to the drooping fronds of this attractive moss. Ideally the moss is attached to roots or stones, where it quickly takes hold with fine holdfast roots. By trimming the moss cushion regularly, wonderful layouts can be created. Little miniature trees made of delicate roots and the weeping moss as the „treetop“ are a particular art form. This beautiful moss is very easy to care for and resilient. Genus :
Vesicularia
Species :
ferriei
Family :
Hypnaceae
Native to
China, Japan
Area/height :
Foreground
Light :
medium - low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-7
Extra-large plants grow in the Dennerle greenhouse until they are XL and XXL sizes. They are lovingly cared for and cultivated under tropical conditions.
Water hardness : very soft to medium hard CO2:
20 - 30 mg/l
Propagation :
Division
Vesicularia montagnei
When it comes down to size …….
Order No. 30065 plant-it • PG 5 | V61
These „solitaries“ are made for large aquarium setups and designs, since they immediately give the impression of a mature, long-standing landscape.
This beautiful moss comes from the Sunda Islands of Indonesia. Commercially it is also known as „Christmas moss“. It takes its name from the overhanging branches that look like those of a Christmas tree. Undemanding and very easy to cultivate, and can be shaped via regular pruning. Like all mosses, V. montagnei grows well when attached to wood and rocks. This also makes it much easier to rearrange your hardscape any time you want.
Genus :
Vesicularia
Species :
montagnei
Family :
Hypnaceae
Native to
Southeast Asia
Area/height :
Foreground up to 5 cm
Light :
medium – low
Temperature :
22 - 28 °C
Growth :
slow
pH:
5-8
Water hardness : soft to hard
94 | Plants from A - Z
CO2:
10 - 20 mg/l
Propagation :
Division
Plants from A - Z | 95