OSCE Magazine July 2004 by The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

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iÃÃ>}iÊvÀ ÊÌ iÊ L>ÃÃ>` ÀÊ vÊ/> ÃÌ> $ISTRIBUTING FARMLANDS TO RURAL FAMILIES WHO MAKE UP SOME PER CENT OF 4AJIKISTAN S POPULATION IS POSSIBLY THE COUNTRY S LARGEST AND MOST AMBITIOUS DEVELOPMENT UNDERTAKING /UR SETBACKS AS WELL AS OUR SUCCESSES IN IMPLEMENTING THIS INITIATIVE ARE A CLEAR REmECTION OF THE PUSH AND PULL OF DEMOCRATIZATION AND MARKET FORCES IN OUR mEDGLING 3TATE !LTHOUGH THE ROAD AHEAD WILL NOT ALWAYS BE SMOOTH ) AM CONlDENT WE CAN ALL PULL TOGETHER AND MAKE LAND REFORM THE DRIVING FORCE FOR IMPROVED STANDARDS OF LIVING FOR MILLIONS OF OUR FARMERS AND THEIR FAMILIES !FTER ALL 4AJIKISTAN HAS DElED ALL ODDS IN THE PAST BY OVERCOMING MANY OF ITS BIRTH PAINS AND BY PICKING UP THE PIECES IN THE AFTERMATH OF A TRAGIC CIVIL WAR )T IS IN FACT 4AJIKISTAN S STEADY ECONOMIC COURSE AND GROWING POLITICAL STABILITY IN THE PAST FEW YEARS THAT HAVE CONVINCED THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY THAT THE TIME IS RIGHT FOR A NEW IMPETUS TO BE GIVEN TO THE COUNTRY S LAND REFORM PROGRAMME ) AM PLEASED THAT THE /3#% IS AT THE CENTRE OF THESE RENEWED EFFORTS CONTINUING ITS ROLE AS A GUARANTOR OF 4AJIKISTAN S PEACE )TS STRATEGY SAFEGUARDING FARMERS ENTITLEMENT TO RIGHTS UNDER 4AJIK LAW AND OPENING UP POSSIBILITIES FOR FARMERS TO OBTAIN MICRO CREDITS REmECTS ONE OF THE /RGANIZATION S GUIDING TENETS THAT ECONOMIC AND HUMAN SECURITY ARE CLOSELY INTERTWINED 2ECENTLY THE 5NITED .ATIONS ISSUED A LIST OF TEN STORIES THAT THE MEDIA HAVE PAID SCANT ATTENTION TO AND THAT THE WORLD SHOULD HEAR MORE ABOUT #ITING THE CASE OF 4AJIKISTAN S DETERMINATION TO RISE FROM THE ASHES OF WAR 5NITED .ATIONS 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL +Ol !NNAN SAID THAT THE INTERNATIONAL MEDIA SHOULD NOT WAIT FOR A FULL BLOWN CRISIS TO HIGHLIGHT TROUBLES IN A COUNTRY h4HE SITUATION IN 4AJIKISTAN IS SCARCELY REPORTED BUT PERHAPS FOR ANOTHER REASON 2EAL PROGRESS IS BEING MADE ON THE ROAD TO RECOVERY AND PEACE ALTHOUGH OF COURSE THERE REMAINS MUCH WORK TO BE DONE v HE SAID (ERE THEN IS THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE /3#% #ENTRE IN $USHANBE AND THE /3#% -AGAZINE TO THE TELLING OF THAT STORY 4AJIKISTAN S LAND REFORM PROGRAMME AS A PROMISING INSTANCE OF WORK IN PROGRESS SEEN IN ALL ITS COMPLEXITY FROM MANY DIFFERENT ANGLES AND WITH ALL ITS HIGHS AND LOWS %RKIN +ASIMOV 6IENNA *ULY

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7OMEN WORKING ON 4AJIKISTAN S COTTON FARMS ARE BENEFITING THE LEAST UNDER LAND REFORM 0HOTO /3#% ,UBOMIR +OTEK

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AJIKISTAN S NATIONWIDE LAND REFORM INI TIATIVE WHICH GOT UNDER WAY SHORTLY AFTER INDEPENDENCE WAS A SIGNIFICANT FIRST STEP IN A SERIES OF MEASURES TO TRANSFER 3TATE CONTROLLED FARMLAND INTO PRI VATE HANDS &ARMERS HAVE BEEN GIVEN THE OPTION TO EITHER ACQUIRE THEIR OWN PLOT OF LAND OR TO BECOME A MEMBER AND SHARE HOLDER OF A BIGGER COLLECTIVE FARM 4HE MOVE REFLECTED TACIT RECOGNITION THAT RESTRUCTURING AGRICULTURE WAS KEY TO EMPOW ERING THE MOSTLY RURAL POPULATION IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY GENERATING INCOMES AND REDUC ING POVERTY "ESIDES THE COUNTRY S LEADERS KNEW THAT THE 'OVERNMENT S LIMITED FUNDS COULD NOT CONTINUE TO SUBSIDIZE THE COSTS OF FERTILIZER SEEDS AND EQUIPMENT FOR UNPROFIT ABLE FARMS h7E FELT THAT THE PRIVATE SECTOR COULD SUP PLY TO PER CENT OF THE COUNTRY S BASIC FOOD NEEDS v SAYS $AVLATSHO 'ULMAHMADOV

#HAIRMAN OF THE 3TATE ,AND #OMMITTEE SEE INTERVIEW ON PAGE (OWEVER THE DEVASTATING CIVIL WAR OF DESTROYED MUCH OF THE AGRICUL TURAL INFRASTRUCTURE FROM THE 3OVIET ERA 4HIS TRAGEDY WAS FOLLOWED BY A DROUGHT IN WHICH DASHED FARMERS HOPES OF INCREASING THEIR EARNINGS ANYTIME SOON $ESPITE THESE DRAMATIC SETBACKS HUGE 3TATE FARMS COVERING ABOUT HECTARES HAVE BEEN CONVERTED INTO SOME PRI VATE FARMS +NOWN AS DEHKANS THESE FORMER 3TATE FARMS CAN BE EITHER SMALL INDEPENDENT FARMS OR LARGE COLLECTIVE FARMS 4HEY ARE hPRIVATEv IN THE SENSE THAT DEHKAN FARM ERS ARE GIVEN CONSIDERABLE FREEDOM TO RUN THE FARM THE WAY THEY WISH AND TO DECIDE WHAT TO CULTIVATE AND HOW TO SPEND THE FARM S INCOME EVEN IF THE 3TATE REMAINS 4AJIKISTAN S SOLE LANDOWNER ACCORDING TO THE #ONSTITUTION 4HE NEWLY CONVERTED PRIVATE FARMS REP RESENT ABOUT PER CENT OF ALL ARABLE LAND

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)N A REPORT IN /CTOBER A "RITISH .'/ !CTION !GAINST (UNGER WENT SO FAR AS TO SAY THAT THE REORGANIZATION OF FARMS IN THE COTTON GROWING REGION OF +HATLON WAS hA SUCCESS ONLY ON PAPERv 4HE HEAD OF THE .'/ &RAN OIS /LIVE +ERAVEC SAYS THAT AMONG HOUSEHOLDS INTERVIEWED IN VILLAGES IN THIS SOUTH WESTERN REGION A MERE PER CENT OF THE FARMERS HAD TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF THEIR RIGHT TO OBTAIN LAND AND RUN A FARM INDEPENDENTLY /F THOSE WHO DID NOT HAVE THEIR OWN PLOT OR DID NOT HAVE A SHARE IN A LARGE FARM THE VAST MAJORITY OF RESPONDENTS SAID THEY DID NOT KNOW HOW TO APPLY PER CENT ! FEW HAD TRIED TO APPLY BUT WERE TURNED DOWN PER CENT AND THE REST PER CENT DID NOT WANT TO APPLY ALTHOUGH ALTHOUGH THEY KNEW HOW TO CITING CONCERNS ABOUT THE PROHIBITIVE COST OF OBTAINING THE CERTIFICATE HIGH TAXATION AND DEBTS INHERITED FROM 3TATE FARMS NOT TO MENTION THE NEED TO BORROW FUNDS AT HIGH INTEREST TO GET THEIR FARMS UP AND RUNNING 4HE PARTICULARLY DIRE PREDICAMENT OF +HATLON S COTTON FARMERS HAS ITS ROOTS IN THE FACT THAT AS A CAPITAL CROP COTTON GENERATES CONSIDERABLE INCOME BOTH FOR THE POWERS THAT BE AND FOR THE BUSINESS SECTOR

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WHICH IS JUST SEVEN PER CENT OF THE LAND MASS OF THIS MOUNTAINOUS COUNTRY !N ADDI TIONAL 3TATE FARMS WILL BE PLACED IN PRI VATE HANDS BY 4HE REMAINING ARABLE LAND AN ESTIMATED PER CENT OF THE TOTAL WILL CONTINUE TO BE IN 3TATE HANDS -R 'ULMAHMADOV SAYS THE START UP PRI VATE FARMS HAVE BEEN ABLE TO PROVIDE THE MARKET WITH A FAIRLY GENEROUS SUPPLY OF WHEAT AND POTATOES COMPLEMENTING COTTON THE DOMINANT CASH CROP (OWEVER A NUMBER OF STUDIES SUGGEST THAT WHILE LAND REFORM HAS ACHIEVED SOME SUCCESS THERE ARE SERIOUS QUESTIONS ABOUT WHO HAS REALLY BENEFITED ESPECIALLY IN THE COTTON GROWING AREAS

!S THE SOLE LANDOWNER THE 3TATE HAS THE PREROGATIVE TO DECIDE HOW MUCH COTTON EACH REGION SHOULD CULTIVATE AS IN +HATLON 4HE HUKUMATS LOCAL AUTHORITIES ARE RESPONSI BLE FOR OVERSEEING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 'OVERNMENT S DECISIONS AND THEY OFTEN SUP PORT AND CLING TO THE OLD 3TATE FARM STRUCTURE WITH ITS BUILT IN HIERARCHY WHICH FARMERS FIND DIFFICULT TO PENETRATE h-OST OF THE FARMERS IN THE SURVEY THOUGHT THEY WERE STILL WORKING FOR 3TATE FARMS BECAUSE THE FARMS WERE STILL BEING RUN THE SAME WAY AS BEFORE v -R /LIVE +ERAVEC SAYS

#OTTON GENERATES GENEROUS INCOME FOR AUTHORITIES AND THE BUSINESS SECTOR

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(E BELIEVES THAT IF THEY WERE MADE AWARE OF THEIR RIGHTS IF THEY KNEW THE POSSIBILI TIES OPEN TO THEM AND IF LAND REFORM WERE IMPLEMENTED ACCORDING TO THE TRUE SPIRIT OF THE LAW MORE FARMERS WOULD CLAIM THEIR SHARE IN A BIG PRIVATE COLLECTIVE FARM OR APPLY TO RUN THEIR OWN FARM 4HE SURVEY SUGGESTED THAT SOME FARMERS GIVEN THE CHOICE WOULD PREFER TO GROW STAPLE CROPS BOTH FOR THEIR SUBSISTENCE AND FOR "ACKBREAKING WORK IN 6OSE DISTRICT NEAR +ULYAB CASH WHILE OTHERS WOULD CONTINUE GROWING 0HOTO /3#% -ATTEO &RASCHINI COTTON IF THEY COULD MAKE A PROFIT ON IT

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!S IN MOST LARGE FARMS AND FAMILY PLOTS IN 4AJIKISTAN WOMEN IN /BIKIKK NEAR $USHANBE ARE THE MAIN SOURCE OF LABOUR

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5NDER THE CURRENT CIRCUMSTANCES HOW EVER hTHE FEW FARMERS WHO HAD SEIZED THE CHANCE TO RUN THEIR OWN FARMS ACTUALLY DID NOT HAVE TOO MUCH ROOM FOR MANOEUVREv SAYS -R /LIVE +ERAVEC h4HEY ARE TOLD TO CULTIVATE COTTON BUT THEY CANNOT MAKE A LIV ING OUT OF IT MAINLY BECAUSE THEY ARE IN DEBT THE MOMENT THEY BECOME INDEPENDENT v 4HE DEBT DILEMMA CAN BE TRACED BACK TO THE MID S WHEN BOTH 3TATE AND PRIVATE FARMS STARTED TURNING TO LOCAL BUSINESS MEN WHO WERE WILLING TO COME UP WITH THE MUCH NEEDED CASH FOR COTTON PRODUCTION !T THE START OF THE YEAR A FARM WOULD PURCHASE SEEDS FERTILIZERS FUEL AND OTHER ITEMS ON CREDIT FROM THESE PRIVATE INVESTORS ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT IT WOULD PAY BACK THE CREDIT WITH ITS COTTON HARVEST AT THE END OF THE YEAR )F THE VALUE OF THE COTTON HARVEST FELL SHORT OF THE VALUE OF THE ITEMS THAT HAD BEEN OBTAINED ON CREDIT THE FARM S DEBT WOULD BE ROLLED OVER TO THE FOLLOWING YEAR 4HIS HAS GIVEN INVESTORS CONSIDERABLE INFLUENCE ON ALMOST ALL ASPECTS OF THE AGRI CULTURAL SECTOR /FTEN INVESTORS ACT AS SUPPLI ERS OF SEEDS AND MACHINERY SETTING HIGHER THAN MARKET PRICES 4HEY ALSO END UP DETER MINING HOW AND TO WHOM THE HARVEST SHOULD BE SOLD !N !SIAN $EVELOPMENT "ANK REPORT IN DESCRIBES HOW INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS CHANNEL FUNDS TO COTTON GROWERS THROUGH LOCAL INTERMEDIARY COMPANIES THAT ARE SEEN AS HAVING CLOSE TIES WITH THE LOCAL AUTHORI TIES 4O AVOID COMPETITION THE hSPOILSv ARE LITERALLY DIVIDED BY ASSIGNING A DIFFERENT INVESTOR FOR EVERY AREA h4HE FEW FARMERS WHO HAVE TAKEN THE CHANCE TO BE INDEPENDENT ARE IN REALITY LIT TLE MORE THAN EMPLOYEES HIRED TO USE BUSI NESSMEN S SEEDS FERTILIZER AND MACHINERY TO

GROW COTTON ON THE FARMERS OWN LAND v THE REPORT SAYS

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4HE PROMISED BENEFITS OF LAND REFORM HAVE NOT EASED THE POSITION OF WOMEN WHO REMAIN SEVERELY DISADVANTAGED 7OMEN MAKE UP MOST OF THE SEASONAL WORKFORCE OF THE LARGE FORMERLY 3TATE RUN FARMS THAT HAVE BEEN CONVERTED INTO DEHKANS 4HEY ARE USUALLY LEFT TO FEND FOR THEMSELVES AND THEIR LARGE FAMILIES WHILE THEIR HUSBANDS SEEK BET TER INCOME OPPORTUNITIES IN 2USSIA !T LEAST 4AJIK MEN ARE BELIEVED TO BE WORK ING ABROAD EITHER PERMANENTLY OR TEMPORAR ILY -ANY WOMEN ARE HEADS OF FAMILIES THEIR HUSBANDS HAVING BEEN AMONG THE ESTI MATED WHO LOST THEIR LIVES DURING THE CIVIL WAR $URING THE 3OVIET ERA THESE SEASONAL WORKERS COULD AT LEAST COUNT ON A SALARY AND SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL PROTECTION AND HEALTH CARE .OW THEY ARE PAID HARDLY ANYTHING AT ALL FOR THEIR LONG DAYS OF BACKBREAKING WORK IN THE COTTON FIELDS 7HEN THE !CTION !GAINST (UNGER SURVEY ASKED WOMEN WHY THEY CONTINUED WORKING UNDER THESE CONDITIONS A FREQUENT RESPONSE WAS THAT THEY RELIED ON THE COTTON STICKS THEY WERE ALLOWED TO COLLECT AFTER THE HARVEST AS FUEL FOR COOKING BAKING BREAD AND HEATING THEIR HOMES DURING THE COLD WINTER MONTHS h#LEARLY WOMEN ARE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE BENEFICIARIES LIST v SAYS -R /LIVE +ERAVEC h-UCH OF THE PROFIT FROM THE COTTON HARVEST OF THE DEHKAN FARMS GOES TO LOCAL INVESTORS v )T IS THESE GRIPPING STORIES OF PEOPLE LIVING IN EXTREME POVERTY THAT MAKE THE SUCCESS OF THE COUNTRY S LAND REFORM PROGRAMME SO CRUCIAL 4OGETHER THE 'OVERNMENT AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ARE NOW TACKLING THE PROBLEMS IN EARNEST ESPECIALLY NOW THAT GREATER POLITICAL STABILITY IN 4AJIKISTAN HAS

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MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AND OTHER MAJOR INITIATIVES TO TAKE OFF 4HE EFFORTS OF A WORKING GROUP FORMED IN TO CO ORDINATE THE COUNTRY S LAND REFORM ACTIVITIES HAVE BEEN GATHERING STEAM (EADED BY THE &OOD AND !GRICULTURE /RGANIZATION &!/ THE GROUP IS COMPOSED OF 4AJIK 'OVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES THE /3#% AND ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS #!2% /XFAM THE !GA +HAN &OUNDATION !GRO !CTION AND !#4%$ !#4%$ AND THE /3#% ARE ABOUT TO IMPLE MENT A STRATEGY AIMED AT TEACHING FARMERS THEIR LEGAL RIGHTS GIVING THEM ACCESS TO LOW INTEREST MICRO CREDIT LOANS TO HELP PLACE

THEM ON A SOUND FINANCIAL FOOTING AND MON ITORING MORE THAN 3TATE FARMS TO ENSURE THAT THEY ARE BEING PRIVATIZED ACCORDING TO THE RULE OF LAW 4HE ROLE OF THE /3#% AND ITS PARTNERS CALLS FOR hA DELICATE BALANCING ACTv SAYS !MBASSADOR 9VES "ARGAIN (EAD OF THE /3#% #ENTRE IN $USHANBE SINCE THE ULTIMATE AIM IS TO MAKE AN IMPACT ON EXISTING STRUCTURES OF LAND OWNERSHIP AND ON THE INCOME DIS PARITIES AMONG THE POPULATION h4HE /3#% WILL ENSURE THAT PEOPLE KNOW THEIR RIGHTS AS SET OUT IN NATIONAL LAWS v HE SAYS h7E HOPE TO DO THIS IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE ADVANTAGES ARE CLEAR FOR ALL TO SEE v

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&AIRNESS FOR FARMERS /3#% TO MONITOR FARMS UR GOAL IS TO PROMOTE TRANSPAR ENCY v SAYS !MBASSADOR 9VES "ARGAIN (EAD OF THE /3#% #ENTRE IN $USHANBE DESCRIBING THE CONCEPT BEHIND THE /RGANIZATION S CONTRIBU TION TO 4AJIKISTAN S EFFORTS IN LAND REFORM h)N POST CONFLICT SOCIETIES IT TAKES TIME TO DISMANTLE INFORMAL POWER MECHANISMS AND FOR THE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM TO MATURE $URING TRANSITION PERIODS OPEN PROCEDURES ARE THE ONLY WAY OF MONITORING WHETHER PEOPLE ARE BEING TREATED FAIRLY OR ARE BEING EXPLOITED OR MANIPULATED v 4HE /3#% PARTICIPATES ACTIVELY IN TWO WORKING GROUPS ON LAND REFORM )N ADDITION TO THE 4AJIK 'OVERNMENT THE /3#% S MAIN PARTNERS ARE THE &!/ AND SEVERAL .'/S !GENCE D !IDE Ì LA #OOPERATION 4ECHNIQUE ET AU $EVELOPPEMENT BETTER KNOWN AS !#4%$ &RANCE #!2% !CTION !GAINST (UNGER AND /XFAM 5NITED +INGDOM !GRO !CTION 'ERMANY AND -AN AND .ATURE 4AJIKISTAN 4HE /3#% S ACTIVITIES INCLUDE 4RAINING !PRIL *UNE -ORE THAN FARMERS FROM FIVE NEWLY PRIVATIZED FARMS WERE EDUCATED ON LEGISLATION CONCERNING SUCH ISSUES AS HOW TO OBTAIN FARMLAND AND HOW TO FILE COMPLAINTS WHEN THEIR RIGHTS ARE

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VIOLATED (UNDREDS OF INFORMATION BOOKLETS WERE DISTRIBUTED ,AND REFORM FROM A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE INITIAL STUDY TO BE COMPLETED IN MID !UGUST ! REPORT WILL IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE VIOLATIONS OF FARMERS LEGAL RIGHTS TO OBTAIN AND CULTIVATE LAND 4HE STUDY WILL RECOMMEND A SET OF ACTIVITIES TO PREVENT THESE VIOLATIONS #OMPREHENSIVE SUPPORT AUTUMN ! TEN MONTH PROGRAMME TO ENSURE THAT THE PRIVATIZATION OF FARMS IS CARRIED OUT IN A FAIR AND TRANSPARENT MANNER WILL BE INITIATED THIS AUTUMN )T IS BEING FINANCED WITH Ќ FROM THE .ETHERLANDS AND Ќ FROM ,AND REFORM AIMS TO GIVE FARMERS MORE !#4%$ !CTIVITIES ENCOMPASS FREEDOM TO DIVERSIFY CROPS s 4RAINING LOCAL AUTHORITIES ON s %NSURING THAT GENDER CONSIDERATIONS ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING IN THE LAW ARE PUT INTO PRACTICE s !DVISING FARMERS ON THEIR LEGAL AND WORKING TO RECTIFY THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS DISADVANTAGED POSITION OF WOMEN s 0ROVIDING FARMERS WITH LOW INTEREST IN THE ALLOCATION OF LAND AND LOANS MICRO CREDITS TO SUPPORT THEIR UNDER REPRESENTATION IN PRODUCTION ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES s -ONITORING THE PRIVATIZATION PROCESS OF 3TATE FARMS TO BE CARRIED OUT s 3TRENGTHENING THE ABILITY OF LOCAL .'/S AND THE MEDIA TO DEAL WITH BY INDEPENDENT LAND RIGHTS EXPERTS LAND REFORM ISSUES s /FFERING POLITICAL AND LEGAL s 2AISING PUBLIC AWARENESS BY SUPPORT TO FARMERS WITH JUSTIFIABLE PROVIDING THE MEDIA WITH RELIABLE COMPLAINTS ABOUT THE PRIVATIZATION INFORMATION PROCESS

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UR ,AW ON $EHKAN &ARMS AND OTHER RELATED LEGISLATION MADE IT CLEAR WHO CAN LAY CLAIM TO LAND FOR PRIVATE FARMING AND WHAT THE DEHKAN FARMERS RIGHTS AND OBLIGA TIONS ARE v $AVLATSHO 'ULMAHMADOV SAYS h(OWEVER JUST AS THE PROCESS WAS GET TING UNDER WAY A NUMBER OF ENORMOUSLY INFLUENTIAL AND EDUCATED INDIVIDUALS SAW THE PERSONAL GAINS TO BE MADE AND TOOK CONTROL OF LARGE TRACTS OF LAND RENTING OUT SMALL PLOTS TO FARMERS 3OME HAD NEVER EVEN LIVED IN THE AREA 3OME USED TO BE AND STILL ARE HEADS OF HUKUMATS LOCAL AUTHORITIES v -R 'ULMAHMADOV CONFIRMS WHAT MANY HAVE SUSPECTED ALL ALONG 3OME HUKUMATS LOATH TO DISTURB THE STATUS QUO HAVE BEEN KEEPING FARMERS IN THE DARK ABOUT THEIR RIGHTS

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THE EXPERTISE AND EXPERIENCE v h(AD WE DONE SO v HE SAYS hWE WOULD HAVE KNOWN HOW TO MOVE FORWARD MORE EFFECTIVELY AND WE WOULD HAVE BEEN BETTER PREPARED TO DEAL WITH THE REALITY THAT FARMERS NEED HELP IN INFORMING THEMSELVES ABOUT THEIR RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS AS INDEPENDENT FARMERS v -R 'ULMAHMADOV SAYS THAT THE CURRENT CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS GIVE RISE TO A HOST OF PROBLEMS h&OR ONE THING LOCAL BUSINESSMEN WHO ARE THE FARMS MAIN FINANCIERS SET ABOVE MARKET PRICES FOR SEEDS AND EQUIPMENT /THER SUPPLIERS WOULD SELL AT MUCH LOWER PRICES TO INDIVIDUAL PRIVATE FARMERS IF THE FARMERS HAD A CHANCE TO BUY ON THE FREE MARKET v h) BELIEVE THERE IS ONLY ONE WAY OUT OF THIS DILEMMA WHICH IS TO FORGIVE DEBTS INCURRED BEFORE LAND REFORM v (E EMPHASIZES THAT INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE IS VITAL TO LIFTING THE BARRIERS THAT ARE DISCOUR AGING FARMERS FROM APPLYING FOR LAND RIGHTS h"ESIDES RELEASING FARMERS FROM THEIR DEBTS WE NEED HELP IN IMPROVING AND MAINTAINING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR IRRIGATING THE FIELDS 7E CANNOT EXPECT INDEPENDENT FARMERS TO DEAL WITH THESE FACTORS RIGHT AT THE START v (E IS GRATEFUL TO THE STAUNCH SUPPORTERS OF 4AJIKISTAN S DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS OVER THE PAST DECADE AND BELIEVES THAT THE COUNTRY S POSI TIVE ECONOMIC INDICATORS EIGHT YEARS AFTER THE END OF THE CIVIL WAR ARE ENCOURAGING SIGNS THAT MOMENTUM IN AGRICULTURAL REFORM CAN PICK UP AGAIN h7HEN THE 'OVERNMENT ASKED THE INTERNA TIONAL COMMUNITY FOR HELP IN MONITORING LAND REFORM THE FIRST ORGANIZATION TO RESPOND WAS THE /3#% v HE SAYS h7E HOPE THAT OUR JOINT CO OPERATION WILL GO FAR AND THAT THE /3#% WILL BE ABLE TO ATTRACT OTHER PARTNERS ESPECIAL LY IN ENSURING THAT PRIVATE FARMERS KNOW THEIR RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS v

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4HE FARMERS LACK OF DETAILED INFORMA TION ON A COMPLETELY NEW AND COMPLEX AREA MAKES THE PROGRAMME EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO IMPLEMENT HE SAYS WHICH IS WHY THE /3#% S AWARENESS RAISING ACTIVITIES PLAY SUCH AN ESSENTIAL ROLE !NOTHER CONSTRAINT IS THAT 4AJIK FARMERS HAVE LOST MUCH OF THEIR AGRICULTURAL SKILLS AND KNOW HOW PARTLY BECAUSE 2USSIANS WERE IN CHARGE OF FARM PRODUCTION DURING THE 3OVIET ERA AND PARTLY BECAUSE OF INACTIVITY DURING THE FIVE YEAR CIVIL WAR h&ARMERS NO LONGER KNOW THE RANGE OF CROPS THEY CAN GROW HOW TO IRRIGATE THE FIELDS AND WHEN TO SEED AND HARVEST v -R 'ULMAHMADOV SAYS 4HE VARYING PERFORMANCE LEVELS OF THE LEAD ERS OF DEHKAN FARMS WHO ARE NORMALLY ELECT ED BY MEMBERS OF THE FARM ARE ALSO PROVING TO BE A SERIOUS STUMBLING BLOCK TO REFORMS h!LTHOUGH MANY OF THE LEADERS BEHAVE RESPONSIBLY SOME FEEL DEEPLY OBLIGATED TO FULFIL AGREEMENTS MADE WITH LOCAL AUTHORITIES WHO HAVE APPOINTED THEM TO THEIR POSTS v HE SAYS (OWEVER -R 'ULMAHMADOV IS NOT ABOVE SELF REPROACH h) BELIEVE WE LAUNCHED LAND REFORM FAR TOO EARLY WITHOUT ADEQUATE PLAN NING v HE SAYS h7HEN YOU BUY NEW EQUIP MENT YOU FIRST WANT TO TEST IT TO SEE HOW IT WORKS 5NFORTUNATELY WE SKIPPED THE TESTING PART v )N RETROSPECT HE BELIEVES THAT THE 'OVERNMENT SHOULD HAVE STARTED OUT WITH PILOT PROJECTS hWHICH WOULD HAVE BEEN A PER FECTLY NORMAL PROCEDURE BEFORE TAKING ON AN AMBITIOUS PROJECT SUCH AS THIS ONEv 4HE 'OVERNMENT DID RECEIVE FUNDING FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO EXPLORE HOW TO PRIVATIZE 3TATE FARMS AT THE OUTSET AND PEOPLE WERE ASSIGNED TO CARRY OUT SPECIFIC TASKS h"UT WE DID NOT WAIT FOR THE RESULTS AND UNFORTUNATELY MISSED THE CHANCE TO GAIN

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URMUHAMMAD 3AITIEV LOOKS EXTREMELY RELAXED 4ORBJ RN "J RVATN /3#% %CONOMIC /FFICER AND ) JOIN HIM AND FIVE OTHER NEWLY INDEPEND ENT FARMERS ON THE RAISED FLOOR OF THE KAT THE #ENTRAL !SIAN EQUIVALENT OF AN OUTDOOR LOUNGE 4HE MEN BETWEEN AND YEARS OLD EXCHANGE VIEWS WITH US WHILE WOMEN AND CHILDREN LOOK ON CURIOUSLY LISTENING INTENTLY -R 3AITIEV S EYES SWEEP OVER THE HECTARE VINEYARD THAT HAS BEEN ALLOCATED TO HIM AND OTHER FARMERS )T IS FAR SMALLER THAN MANY NEWLY PRIVATIZED FARMS WHICH AVERAGE ABOUT HECTARES

*ULY

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)N THE FORMER 3OVIET 5NION FACTORIES PRO DUCING QUALITY WINE FOR EXPORT WERE COM MON IN 4AJIKISTAN 4ODAY WINE PROCESSING HAS FALLEN DRAMATICALLY TO ABOUT ONE THIRD OF WHAT IT USED TO BE AND 4AJIK WINE IS HARD TO FIND h$URING SOME OF THE FORTUNATE PERIODS IN THE PAST WE COULD HARVEST TONS OF GRAPES v -R 3AITIEV SAYS h.OW WE CANNOT HARVEST EVEN HALF THIS AMOUNT BECAUSE WE LACK WATER FUNCTIONING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FERTILIZERS SEEDS ALMOST EVERYTHING v *UST A FEW WEEKS EARLIER AT THEIR FIRST GENERAL ASSEMBLY MEETING THE FARMERS HAD ELECTED -R 3AITIEV THEIR FIRST 2AIS CHAIR MAN 4HE ,AW ON $EHKAN &ARMS RECOM MENDS THAT THE 2AIS SHOULD BE hONE OF THE FARM S ABLE BODIED MEMBERS POSSESSING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS AND HAVING PRACTICAL WORK EXPERIENCE IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORv (E SAYS THAT HE HAS HEARD NO COMPLAINTS FROM ANY OF THE FARM MEMBERS NOR HAVE THEY DISAGREED ON ANYTHING AT LEAST NOT YET h2IGHT NOW WE DON T HAVE TOO MANY ADVANTAGES v HE SAYS h(OWEVER AFTER A YEAR IT SHOULD BE DIFFERENT .EXT YEAR IS A SORT OF TEST FOR US 7E HOPE WE CAN HAVE A REASONABLY GOOD HARVEST AGAIN v $ESPITE THE START UP DIFFICULTIES THE FARM ERS SAY THEY ARE FIRM BELIEVERS IN THE FARM S FUTURE !N ELDERLY MAN 2ASHIMOV .URALI SAYS h)F WE WORK HARDER WE CAN PUT MORE MONEY INTO OUR POCKETS v h"UT WHAT ABOUT THE FACT THAT YOU CAN NO LONGER RELY ON A MONTHLY SALARY v ONE OF THE VISITORS COUNTERS 4HE FARMERS SHRUG THEIR SHOULDERS h7HEN WE WORKED FOR THE 3TATE OUR SALARIES WERE VERY LOW ANYWAY v -R .URALI SAYS h7E WERE PROMISED ABOUT SOMONI Ќ MONTHLY BUT MOST OF THE TIME WE WERE PAID THAT AMOUNT ONLY THREE MONTHS LATER FOR WORK DONE OVER THAT WHOLE PERIOD 3OMETIMES TO SURVIVE WE HAD TO RESORT TO SELLING SOME OF THE GRAPES SECRETLY THOUGH WE KNEW IT WAS ILLEGAL v

"UT HOW DID THEY GO ABOUT DIVIDING UP THE COLLECTIVE FARM (OW DID THEY DECIDE WHO WAS GETTING WHICH PIECE OF LAND h7E ASSIGNED A NUMBER TO EACH PLOT AND THEN HAD A LOTTERY v SAYS -R 3AITIEV 7AS EVERYBODY HAPPY h.O v HE SAYS WITH A LAUGH %VERYONE LAUGHS ALONG WITH HIM h4HE FARMERS WHO ENDED UP WITH THE POORER LAND WERE VERY ANGRY BUT THAT IS HOW IT IS ISN T IT v h7HAT WE GROW AND HOW WE GROW IT IS NOW COMPLETELY UP TO US v ADDS -R .URALI h7E WILL ALL DO THE BEST WE CAN v h) CAN CONFIRM THAT ALL THE MEN AND THEIR FAMILIES ARE WORKING HARDER THAN THEY EVER DID BEFORE v -R 3AITIEV SAYS !ND THEY HAVE TO AS THEIR ACCESS TO THE LAND CAME WITH A DEBT INHERITED FROM THE

-R 3AITIEV AND HIS FELLOW FARMERS HOPE THAT THEIR WINE PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE WILL THRIVE WITH A GREAT DEAL OF HARD WORK

-R 3AITIEV SHOWS US THE DOCUMENT CERTI FYING THAT HE AND HIS FRIENDS ARE NOW INDE PENDENT FARMERS THAT THE SPRAWLING 3TATE FARM THEY ONCE BELONGED TO HAS BEEN PAR CELLED INTO MINOR PRIVATE FARMS AND THAT HIS COMMUNITY HAS MANAGED TO OBTAIN ONE OF THEM h!LTHOUGH THE 3TATE OWNS THE LAND WE HAVE BEEN GIVEN THE RIGHT TO USE IT AND WE ARE NOW IN CONTROL OF PRODUCTION AND THE DAILY RUNNING OF THE FARM v HE SAYS

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FORMER 3TATE FARM 4HE AMOUNT OWED TO THE INVESTORS WHO GAVE THE LOAN TO THE 3TATE IS SOMONI Ќ PAYABLE OVER THREE YEARS !LTHOUGH THE AMOUNT IS MUCH SMALLER COMPARED WITH WHAT OTHER FARMS OWE IT IS STILL A HUGE SUM FOR THE FARMING FAMILIES $ESPITE THIS -R 3AITIEV IS CONVINCED THAT THE REPAY MENT SCHEME IS MANAGEABLE IF EACH MEMBER OF THE FARM FULLY EXPLOITS HIS ALLOCATION OF HALF A HECTARE 3O IS EVERYONE PLEASED WITH THEIR NEW STATUS AS PRI VATE FARMERS 4HE MEN LOOK AT ONE ANOTHER h9ES BUT WE STILL NEED MORE WATER AND WE COULD USE MORE LAND v

ONE OF THE YOUNGER FARMERS SAYS h4HE ONLY WAY OUT IS TO GET HELP FROM THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS v %VERYONE NODS IN AGREEMENT h4HE IMPORTANT THING IS NOW WE CAN DECIDE FOR OUR SELVES ON WHO WE WILL SELL OUR PRODUCE TO AND HOW !LL IN ALL IT IS BETTER LIKE THIS v ANOTHER FARMER SAYS h.OW EACH ONE IS HIS OWN MASTER 7HEN WE WERE WORKING FOR THE 3TATE FARM WE HAD TO ANSWER TO SEVERAL @BRIGADIERS .OW WE ONLY HAVE OUR 2AIS AND HE WORKS AS HARD AS WE DO v -R .URALI SAYS GIVING -R 3AITIEV A CONFIDENT GLANCE

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HE /3#% S INVOLVE MENT IN 4AJIKISTAN S LAND REFORM PROGRAMME STARTS A NEW CHAP TER IN THE RELATION SHIP BETWEEN THE /RGANIZATION AND THE 'OVERNMENT 4HE INITIA TIVE ALSO COINCIDES WITH THE /RGANIZATION S TENTH YEAR OF OPERATIONS IN THE COUNTRY 4HE /3#% -ISSION TO 4AJIKISTAN OPENED IN &EBRUARY LATER SERVING AS ONE OF THE GUARANTORS OF THE 4AJIK 0EACE !GREEMENT WHICH SETTLED THE CIVIL WAR IN

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-ISSION WAS RENAMED THE /3#% #ENTRE IN $USHANBE )TS REFOCUSED MANDATE HAS MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR THE /3#% TO BROADEN ITS CO OPERATION WITH THE 'OVERNMENT INCLUDING THE PRACTI CAL IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECTS IN THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SPHERE 4HE /3#% #ENTRE S NEW %CONOMIC 5NIT HAS IMPLEMENTED PROJECTS SO FAR FOCUSING ON SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRIS ES AND ADDRESSING GOOD

GOVERNANCE ISSUES 4HE %NVIRONMENTAL 5NIT IS PROMOTING AND SUPPORTING IMPLEMEN TATION OF THE !ARHUS #ONVENTION WHICH COM MITS 4AJIKISTAN AS A SIG NATORY TO TRANSPARENCY AND NON GOVERNMENTAL PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRON MENTAL AFFAIRS )N A FIRST /3#% ACTIV ITY OF ITS KIND THE #ENTRE IN $USHANBE IS CO OPERATING WITH THE 3WISS &OUNDATION FOR -INE !CTION TO TACKLE A LINGERING LEGACY OF WAR THE THOUSANDS OF LIVE LANDMINES STREWN THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY !N INTERNATIONALLY FUND ED PROJECT TRAINS 4AJIK TEAMS IN SPECIAL TECH NIQUES ENABLING THEM TO IDENTIFY DANGEROUS ZONES DRAW THE MINE FIELDS EXACT BOUNDARIES AND DE ACTIVATE THE MINES 5SING A CROSS SEC TORAL APPROACH THE #ENTRE CONTINUES TO FOSTER POLITICAL DIALOGUE DEVELOP A LEGAL FRAME WORK AND SUPPORT CIVIL SOCIETY AND DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS 0ROJECTS AIM TO REFORM THE PRISON

SYSTEM FOSTER PROFES SIONAL AND INDEPENDENT MEDIA AND IMPROVE THE ELECTORAL FRAMEWORK )NCREASED ATTENTION IS BEING PAID TO PREPARA TIONS FOR GENERAL ELEC TIONS IN )N ADDITION THE #ENTRE IS PLAYING A MORE VISIBLE ROLE IN PROMOT ING GENDER ISSUES 4WENTY SUPPORT GROUPS FOR WOMEN HAVE BEEN FORMED THROUGHOUT +HATLON REGION AND A SERIES OF SEMINARS ON WOMEN S RIGHTS HAVE DRAWN PARTICIPANTS FROM MORE THAN DISTRICTS 7ITH MORE THAN STAFF MEMBERS NATIONAL AND INTER NATIONAL THE #ENTRE IN $USHANBE IS THE LARGEST /3#% OPERA TION IN #ENTRAL !SIA )N THE SOUTHERN REGION OF +HATLON DISTRICTS ARE COVERED BY FIELD OFFICES IN THE TOWNS OF +URGAN 4YUBE +ULYAB AND 3HAARTUZ /THER FIELD OFFICES ARE IN 'ARM IN THE CENTRAL MOUNTAINOUS AREA AND IN THE NORTH ERN CITY OF +HUJAND IN 3UGHD PROVINCE

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E COULD HARDLY FOLLOW THE SUB STANCE OF THE ARGUMENT THROUGH THE WHISPERING OF THE INTERPRETER BUT JUDGING FROM THE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS AND BODY LANGUAGE OF THE PEO PLE IN THE AUDIENCE IT WAS OBVIOUS THAT THE $EBATING #LUB S CHOICE OF TOPIC OF CONTEN TION TO LIBERALIZE THE USE OF SOFT DRUGS OR NOT HAD SUCCEEDED IN CAPTURING EVERY ONE S ATTENTION 9OUNG STUDENTS ACTING THE PARTS OF hGOVERNMENTv AND hOPPOSITIONv EXCHANGED OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS 4HE PUB LIC THEN VOTED FOR THE TEAM THAT CONVINCED THEM THE MOST 4HIS IS DEMOCRACY IN THE MAKING WE THOUGHT 7E WERE IN +HUJAND NORTHERN 4AJIKISTAN WITNESSING AN INITIATIVE JOINTLY ORGANIZED BY THE /3#% FIELD OFFICE AND THE /PEN 3OCIETY )NSTITUTE ! SECOND STORY THOUGH IS LESS HAPPY AND THE PLACE WHERE IT HAPPENED IS NOT TO BE MENTIONED FOR UNDERSTANDABLE REASONS 7E HAD JUST FINISHED MEETING REPRESENTA TIVES OF CIVIL SOCIETY WHO HAD BROUGHT UP THE SEVERE RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED BY LOCAL AUTHORITIES ON THE OPERATIONS OF .'/S 4HE SPEAKER WAS NO LONGER YOUNG HER FACE

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REVEALING TRACES OF SUFFERING 3HE HAD BEEN UNUSUALLY COURAGEOUS AND BLUNT IN DESCRIB ING THE DIFFICULTIES OF LIVING IN A REPRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT ,OWERING HER VOICE SHE SAID h.OW PLEASE TAKE NOTE OF MY NAME AND TRACE MY FUTURE ) DON T KNOW WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO ME AFTER THIS MEETING WITH YOU v 4HESE WERE JUST TWO OF MANY SHARPLY CONTRASTING ENCOUNTERS THAT MADE AN IMPRESSION ON ME DURING A TWO WEEK TRIP TO THE #ENTRAL !SIAN COUNTRIES OF +AZAKHSTAN +YRGYZSTAN 4AJIKISTAN 4URKMENISTAN AND 5ZBEKISTAN 'ETTING BETTER ACQUAINTED WITH THE #ENTRAL !SIAN REALITY AND WITH /3#% FIELD ACTIVITIES IN THE REGION WAS THE IDEA BEHIND THE DECISION OF OUR GROUP TO VISIT ALL FIVE COUNTRIES IN -AY 4HE !MBASSADORS OF "ELGIUM #ANADA .ORWAY AND 3LOVENIA AND ) RECEIVED OUTSTANDING SUPPORT FROM STAFF IN THE /3#% 3ECRETARIAT AND IN THE FIVE /3#% CENTRES AND WE EXPERIENCED THE SINCERE HOSPITALITY OF LOCAL AND NATIONAL AUTHORITIES AND VARIOUS COMMUNITIES )T IS DIFFICULT BASED ON A STAY OF A FEW DAYS TO PAINT AN ACCURATE PICTURE OF EACH COUNTRY AND THE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IT IS CONFRONTING 3OCIETIES IN TRANSITION NEED TO BE SEEN FROM A DYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE TAK

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ING ACCOUNT OF THEIR POINT OF DEPARTURE AND THE TANGIBLE FACTORS DRIVING THEIR DIVERSE EVOLUTION !LL FIVE COUNTRIES WE VISITED HAVE A COM MON LEGACY COMMUNIST DICTATORSHIP BUT THERE ARE VAST DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE STEPS EACH ONE HAS ALREADY TAKEN ON THE ROAD TO DEMOCRACY 3OME COUNTRIES HAVE LAID A SOUND FOUNDATION WITH ALL THE ELEMENTS NECESSARY FOR DEMOCRATIC VALUES AND TENETS TO TAKE ROOT THE RULE OF LAW RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AN UNTHREATENING ENVIRON MENT IN WHICH PEOPLE CAN ORGANIZE THEM SELVES FREELY AND WITHOUT FEAR OF POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES /THERS AND LET S BE FRANK STILL NURTURE SOME OF THE INHERITED HABITS OF THE OLD DAYS 7E WANTED TO LEARN AS MUCH AS WE COULD ABOUT EACH NATIONAL CASE TO TALK OPENLY WITH AUTHORITIES ABOUT OUR MAIN CONCERNS AND TO LISTEN TO THE SIMPLE HOPES AND DREAMS OF CIVIL SOCIETY 7E ALSO WANTED TO SIT DOWN WITH /3#% FIELD STAFF AND EXPLORE HOW WE COULD BEST HELP THEM ATTAIN THEIR GOALS $URING OUR TALKS WE AVOIDED PREACH ING AND LECTURING OR BEING JUDGMENTAL 7E MADE IT A POINT NOT TO ADOPT THE ARTIFICIAL DIVISION OF h%ASTv AND h7ESTv OF 6IENNA 7E BELIEVE THAT IF THERE IS A DIVISION WITHIN THE /3#% IT IS BETWEEN THOSE WHO ABIDE BY THEIR COMMITMENTS AND THOSE WHO DO NOT 4HIS WAS OUR MESSAGE

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$EPUTY -AYOR 2OBIA 2AKHMATOVA BIDS FAREWELL TO !MBASSADOR +ONGSHEM LEFT AND !MBASSADOR 0UXLEY CENTRE AT THE END OF THEIR VISIT TO THE TOWN OF .UREK KILOMETRES SOUTH EAST OF $USHANBE

TOWARDS REGIONAL CO OPERATION AND FOSTERING SYNERGIES )N OUR CONTACTS WITH OFFICIALS IT WAS EVI DENT THAT ALL OF THEM HAD A KEEN INTEREST IN HAVING THEIR POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS VIEWED AS ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN THE DEMOCRATIZATION PROCESS 4HIS WAS AN ENCOURAGING SIGNAL BUT WE ALSO FELT IT USEFUL TO LOOK MORE CLOSELY AT THE VITAL QUESTION OF POLITICAL SUCCESSION 7E FOUND THAT MOST OF THE COUNTRIES HAD FORMAL STRUCTURES IN PLACE WITH MECHANISMS FOR hCHECKS AND BALANCESv ,AWS AND REGULA TIONS TO ENSURE THE FUNCTIONING OF SOCIETY HAD BEEN APPROVED COVERING EVERYTHING FROM ELECTIONS POLITICAL PARTIES AND .'/S TO MEDIA AND RELIGION !S EVERYONE KNOWS HOWEVER THE DEVIL IS IN THE DETAIL OF IMPLEMENTATION )N MANY CASES POLITICAL PRESSURE AND

!MBASSADORS -ETTE +ONGSHEM .ORWAY "ERTRAND DE #ROMBRUGGHE "ELGIUM %VELYN 0UXLEY #ANADA *ANEZ ,ENARCIC 3LOVENIA AND &RANCISCO 3EIXAS DA #OSTA 0ORTUGAL EMERGE FROM A MEETING WITH STAFF OF THE 4URKMEN .ATIONAL )NSTITUTE OF $EMOCRACY AND (UMAN 2IGHTS 5NDER THE 0RESIDENT OF 4URKMENISTAN "EHIND THEM IS THE 2UHYET 3PIRIT 0ALACE

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6IEWED FROM THE (OFBURG #ENTRAL !SIA OFTEN LOOKS LIKE A SINGLE ENTITY WITH MERELY IDIOSYNCRATIC DIFFERENCES DISTINGUISHING ONE COUNTRY FROM ANOTHER 7E KNOW THE NAMES OF PLACES AND POLITICAL ACTORS WE SIT UP AND TAKE NOTICE WHEN SOMETHING COMES UP THAT THREATENS TO WEAKEN A COUNTRY S DEMOCRATIC CREDENTIALS AND WE WELCOME POSITIVE DEVEL OPMENTS WITH PLEASURE /N THIS TRIP HOWEVER WE SET OUT TO CLARI FY THE DIFFERENCES AND TO EXAMINE THE COM MON BONDS CONSTANTLY BEARING IN MIND OUR GOAL OF PROMOTING THE GREAT VALUE OF LOOKING

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)T BEARS REPEATING 4HE SITUATION VARIES FROM PLACE TO PLACE AND IT WOULD NOT BE FAIR TO MAKE THE SAME DIAGNOSIS ACROSS THE BOARD )N FACT WE NOTED THAT SOME GOVERN MENTS REFORM EFFORTS HAD BEEN CONSIDERABLE STEERING THEIR COUNTRIES ONTO A STEADY COURSE 7E RECEIVED POSITIVE SIGNALS THAT WE WILL NOT FAIL TO PASS ON TO OUR COLLEAGUES IN 6IENNA ) URGE THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO MAKE IT A POINT TO GIVE THESE EFFORTS DUE REC OGNITION AND REWARD *UST TO NAME ONE TREND THAT EACH ONE OF US IN THE GROUP DISCERNED IN A FAVOURABLE LIGHT !LL THE #ENTRAL !SIAN COUNTRIES ARE MOVING TOWARDS A MORATORIUM ON THE DEATH PENALTY 4HE LEVEL OF INTEREST IN CO OPERATING WITH THE /3#% FIELD MISSIONS REMAINS A RELIABLE BAROMETER OF THE GOVERNMENTS DESIRE TO COL LABORATE WITH THE WIDER INTERNATIONAL COM MUNITY 4HROUGHOUT THE TRIP ) KEPT ASKING MYSELF h7HAT KIND OF IMPACT CAN THE /3#% HAVE ON THIS COUNTRY S FUTURE GIVEN THE

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-- ",Ê 6 9 Ê*18 9

HIDDEN INFORMAL OBSTACLES HELPED BY JUDICI ARY SYSTEMS TOO CLOSE TO THE POWER CENTRE BLOCKED CITIZENS ATTEMPTS TO BUILD INDE PENDENT INITIATIVES AIMED AT WINNING PUBLIC SUPPORT AND AT MAKING A CONSTRUCTIVE DIFFER ENCE IN PEOPLE S LIVES !S WE TRAVELLED FROM COUNTRY TO COUNTRY ) FELT THAT A CULTURE OF OPENNESS WOULD BEST BE ON DISPLAY WHEN POLITICAL PARTIES THAT WISHED TO OPPOSE THE STATUS QUO WOULD BE ALLOWED TO DO SO BY BEING ABLE TO ORGANIZE THEMSELVES BY BEING ABLE TO DRAW ON SIM PLE REGISTRATION PROCEDURES AND BY BEING ABLE TO TAKE PART IN UNQUESTIONABLY FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS )N SOME COUNTRIES WE SAW PRISON AND JUDICIAL SYSTEMS IN CLEAR NEED OF REFORM WITH ACCUSATIONS OF TORTURE NOT THROROUGHLY INVESTIGATED )NCIDENTS OF TERRORISM AND VIO LENT EXPRESSIONS OF OPPOSITION WERE SOME TIMES USED AS A PRETEXT FOR WAVES OF SEVERE REPRESSION OF OPPONENTS AND SERVED AS A CONVENIENT EXCUSE TO FORGET ALL ABOUT FUNDA MENTAL CITIZENS RIGHTS !LL TOO OFTEN .'/S WERE STILL CONSIDERED A BREEDING GROUND FOR DISSENT #ONTROL OF THE MEDIA BY THE GOVERNMENT SOMETIMES REACHED SCANDALOUS PROPORTIONS #ORRUPTION SEEMED TO HAVE SEEPED INTO ALL AREAS OF DAILY LIFE 4RANSPARENCY ACCOUNTABILITY AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL SYSTEMS STILL HAD TO BE TACKLED HEAD ON BY MANY OF THE COUNTRIES ESPECIALLY THOSE THAT HAVE NOT YET WON THE FULL CONFIDENCE OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

/RGANIZATION S LIMITED RESOURCES AND INSUF FICIENT STRUCTURES v 'RADUALLY SOME ANSWERS UNFOLDED AND ) SAW FOR MYSELF HOW EVEN LESS THAN GRANDIOSE ACTIVITIES USING RELATIVELY MODEST RESOURCES CAN PROVE ESPECIALLY REL EVANT TO THE GENERAL POPULATION )N +YRGYZSTAN WE SOAKED UP THE HEALTHY ATMOSPHERE OF LEARNING THAT WE FOUND AT THE /3#% !CADEMY IN "ISHKEK WHICH BRINGS TOGETHER STUDENTS FROM #ENTRAL !SIA WITH THOSE FROM OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD 7E ALSO SAW HOW THE POLICE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMME IN "ISHKEK AND THE LEGAL CLINIC IN /SH WERE SERVING AS EFFECTIVE TOOLS FOR INTRODUCING PEOPLE TO THE DEMOCRATIC WAY OF EXERCISING AUTHORITY AND ADMINISTERING JUSTICE )N 4AJIKISTAN /3#% SUPPORT FOR AN INDE PENDENT NEWSPAPER AND NEWS AGENCY IN +HUJAND DEMONSTRATED HOW MUCH CAN BE DONE WITH SLIM RESOURCES )N THE CAPITAL $USHANBE WE WERE PRESENT AT THE LAUNCHING OF A NEW PHASE OF THE /3#% S FIRST MINE CLEARING PROJECT A JOINT ACTIVITY WITH THE 3WISS &OUNDATION FOR -INE !CTION -UCH HOWEVER REMAINS TO BE DONE 4HERE IS SCOPE FOR THE /3#% TO PLAY A VITAL ROLE BY GIVING SOME OF ITS NATIONAL PROJECTS A REGIONAL DIMENSION WHILE ALSO EXPAND ING INTO OTHER AREAS OF GREAT CONCERN SUCH AS COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS POLICE REFORM AND BORDER MANAGEMENT IN CO OPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS 4HE SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF THE EDUCATION SYS TEM S SHORTCOMINGS THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION THE RIGHTS OF MINORITIES ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS PROPERTY RIGHTS AND LAND REFORM MUST REMAIN HIGH ON THE /3#% AGENDA IN #ENTRAL !SIA ! VISIT TO THE 2USSIAN MILITARY HEADQUAR TERS ON 4AJIKISTAN S SOUTHERN BORDER WITH !FGHANISTAN ALSO ENABLED US TO GRASP THE

!T THE 4AJIK !FGHAN BORDER !MBASSADOR +ONGSHEM POINTS TOWARDS !FGHANISTAN

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AND HUMAN DIMENSIONS s 7E NEED HEADS OF /3#% FIELD OFFICES WHO HAVE ENERGETIC PERSONALITIES CHARISMA 6 1 Ê - - " ENTHUSIASM AND THE ABILITY TO MOTIVATE /VERALL ) CAME AWAY FROM MY FIRSTHAND AND MOBILIZE STAFF AND INSPIRE TEAMWORK ENCOUNTER WITH #ENTRAL !SIA AND ITS PEOPLE )N SOME CASES ) SAW THE RIGHT PERSONS IN WITH SOME VALUABLE LESSONS THE RIGHT PLACE !N /3#% PRESENCE IS NOT s h.O DUPLICATION AND NO COMPETITIONv 4HIS A BILATERAL EMBASSY OPERATING WITH ROUTINE IN MY VIEW MUST BE THE GUIDING PRINCIPLE PROCEDURES )T MUST STRIVE TO BE AN AGILE OF /3#% FIELD OFFICES WHICH SHOULD MAIN OPERATION DEDICATED TO FINDING CREATIVE TAIN CLOSE AND MUTUALLY REINFORCING CO ORDI WAYS AND MEANS TO CARRY OUT ITS MANDATE NATION AND CO OPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL TO THE FULL PARTNERS IN THE FIELD 4HE SPECIFIC CHARACTER s )NTENSE DIALOGUE AND ONGOING CO OPERATION OF THE /3#% S ROLE MUST BE STRESSED TO WITH NATIONAL AUTHORITIES ARE CRUCIAL TO THE AVOID OVERLAPPING WITH THE ROLES OF DEVEL SUCCESS OF FIELD MISSIONS (OWEVER THIS OPMENT AGENCIES SHOULD BY NO MEANS BE AT THE EXPENSE OF s ,ET US NOT LOSE SIGHT OF THE FACT THAT THE REAL THE DYNAMIC ROLE THAT FIELD OPERATIONS ARE TEST OF EFFICIENCY IS THE IMPACT AND SUSTAIN EXPECTED TO PLAY 3TRIKING A HEALTHY BALANCE ABILITY OF ACTIVITIES ON PEOPLE S WELL BEING BETWEEN THESE TWO SIDES IS THE ONLY WAY ,ET US BE VIGILANT ABOUT THE FACT THAT A PROLIFERATION OF MEETINGS SEMINARS CONFER FOR MISSIONS TO FULFIL THEIR TASKS AND THE ENCES AND WORKSHOPS CARRIES A RISK OF THESE ONLY WAY FOR HOST COUNTRIES TO BE ASSISTED BEING IDENTIFIED AS THE SOLE MEASURE OF FIELD IN PUTTING INTO PRACTICE THE NORMS AND VAL WORK /3#% FIELD OPERATIONS SHOULD RESIST UES THEY SIGNED UP TO WHEN THEY DECIDED TO BECOME PART OF THE /3#% COMMUNITY THE TEMPTATION OF ENGAGING THEMSELVES IN /N A FINAL NOTE ) RECOMMEND THAT ALL MY TOO MANY PROJECTS OR IN ACTIVITIES WITH LIM COLLEAGUES IN 6IENNA TRY TO VISIT OUR FIELD ITED PRACTICAL IMPACT AND A POOR CHANCE OF OPERATIONS IN #ENTRAL !SIA #OMPARED WITH BECOMING SELF SUSTAINING (OWEVER ) FULLY WHAT ONE LEARNS ON SITE #ENTRAL !SIA FROM UNDERSTAND THAT THIS IS OFTEN A BY PRODUCT THE VANTAGE POINT OF THE (OFBURG IS JUST VIR OF ATTEMPTING TO BALANCE ACTIVITIES IN THE TUAL REALITY POLITICO MILITARY ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL LIKELY CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG TRAFFICKING ON THE REGION S STABILITY

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'ERMANY AND 5ZBEKISTAN CO OPERATE ON ARMS CONTROL AND CONlDENCE BUILDING ! JOINT PROJECT WITH 'ERMANY HAS ENABLED 5ZBEKISTAN TO TAKE AN ACTIVE PART IN IMPLEMENTING THE 6IENNA $OCUMENT A MAJOR AGREEMENT THAT SET THE STAGE FOR MILITARY TRANSPARENCY CONTACTS AND CO OPERATION IN THE /3#% AREA +AZAKHSTAN STARTED ITS PARTICIPATION LAST YEAR

-AY !N EXCHANGE OF EXPERTISE AND EXPERIENCE TOOK PLACE AS DID PRACTICAL EXERCISES TO PLAN AND PREPARE FOR AN ACTUAL INSPECTION OF AN AREA IN !USTRIA ON AND -AY

4HE PROJECT WHICH FOCUSES ON THE EDUCATION OF 5ZBEKISTAN S VERIFICATION PERSONNEL LAUNCHED ITS FIRST PHASE IN 'ERMANY AND !USTRIA WITH A JOINT EXERCISE &OUR 5ZBEK INSPECTORS COMPLETED TWO WEEKS TRAINING AT THE 6ERIFICATION #ENTRE OF THE &EDERAL !RMED &ORCES OF 'ERMANY IN 'EILENKIRCHEN IN EARLY

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4HE 5ZBEKI TEAM INSPECTS A LIGHT ARMOURED RECOVERY VEHICLE IN -AUTERN !USTRIA

4HE PROJECT WHICH IS SUPPORTED BY THE /3#% #ENTRE IN 4ASHKENT WILL CONTINUE IN 3EPTEMBER WHEN MORE 5ZBEK ARMS CONTROL OFFICERS ARE TO UNDERGO TRAINING IN 'ERMANY 4HE 6IENNA $OCUMENT S LATEST VERSION WAS ADOPTED BY THE /RGANIZATION S &ORUM FOR 3ECURITY #O OPERATION AT THE )STANBUL 3UMMIT IN 6ERIFICATION ACTIVITIES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE $OCUMENT S CONFIDENCE AND SECURITY BUILDING MEASURES IN THE AREA OF ARMS CONTROL

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º ÊÜ>ÃÊ«>ÀÌ VÕ >À ÞÊ Ûi`ÊLÞÊÃ iÊ vÊÌ iÊ« ÜiÀvÕ ÊÌiÃÌ iÃÊ ÜiÊ i>À`ÊvÀ ÊÃÕÀÛ Û ÀÃÊ vÊÌ iÊ- > »]ÊÃ> `ÊÌ iÊ > À > "vv Vi]Ê Õ }>À > Ê Ài } Ê ÃÌiÀÊ- Ê*>ÃÃÞ]ÊÜ Ê «i i`ÊÌ iÊV viÀ i ViÊÜ Ì Ê ÕÌ} }Ê iÀ > Ê*ÀiÃ ì ÌÊ > iÃÊ,>Õ°Ê } À> }Ê }ÕiÃÌÃÊ V Õì`Ê ÃÀ>i Ê*ÀiÃ ì ÌÊ Ã iÊ >ÌÃ>ÛÊÜ ÊV> iÊ>ÃÊ> Ê LÃiÀÛiÀ° 7>À }Ê>}> ÃÌÊÌ iÊº ÕÀìÀÊ vÊ i ÀÞ»]Ê ÃÌiÀÊ*>ÃÃÞÊÃ> `ÊÌ >ÌÊ Ì iÊÜ À`ÃÊ vÊ V>ÕÃÌÊÃÕÀÛ Û ÀÃÊ iÊ7 iÃi Ê> `Ê- iÊ6i ÊÃiÀÛi`Ê >ÃÊ>ÊÀi ìÀÊÌ >ÌÊÌ ÃÊº ÃÌÊ>««> }Ê vÊVÀ iÃÊ>}> ÃÌÊ Õ > ÌÞ»Ê Ã Õ `Ê iÛiÀÊLiÊv À} ÌÌi ° ÝViÀ«ÌÃÊvÀ ÊÃ iÊ vÊÌ iÊÃÌ>Ìi i ÌÃÊv Ü°

0HOTOS /3#% AND OFFICIAL SOURCES

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HAT THE /3#% HAS DECIDED TO TACKLE THIS SUBJECT IS RIGHT AND PROPER 4HE /3#% WAS THE FIRST SECURITY ORGANIZATION TO RECOG NIZE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNA TIONAL SECURITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS 4HIS CONFERENCE PUTS ANTI 3EMITISM IN THE PROPER CONTEXT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 4HE /RGANIZATION CAN POINT TO MANY SUC CESSES BUT THERE IS STILL A GREAT DEAL OF WORK TO BE DONE IF THE STANDARDS THAT THE PARTICI

PATING 3TATES HAVE SUBSCRIBED TO ARE TO BE MET /UR SECURITY IS INDISSOLUBLY LINKED TO THE PROTECTION OF OUR COMMON VALUES 4HE /3#% SEES ITSELF AS AN ORGANIZATION THAT SETS STANDARDS AND ENCOURAGING RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IS ONE OF ITS MOST IMPORTANT RESPONSIBILITIES *OHANNES 2AU 0RESIDENT OF THE &EDERAL 2EPUBLIC OF 'ERMANY

S THE HOST OF THIS EVENT WE ACCEPT 'ERMANY S HISTORIC AND MORAL RESPONSI BILITY FOR THE 3HOAH 4HE MEMORY OF THIS MONSTROUS CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY WILL CONTINUE TO INFLUENCE 'ERMAN POLITICS IN THE DECADES TO COME !S LONG AS *EWISH MEN AND WOMEN DO NOT FEEL SAFE IN OUR COUNTRIES DO NOT FEEL GENUINELY AT HOME AS LONG AS SYNAGOGUES *EWISH SCHOOLS AND KINDERGARTENS HAVE TO BE PROTECTED BY THE POLICE AS LONG AS POLITI CIANS ATTEMPT TO WIN VOTES BY APPEALING TO ANTI 3EMITIC RESENTMENTS AS LONG AS THESE FACTORS ARE STILL PRESENT WE MUST JOIN FORCES AGAINST THE THREAT OF ANTI 3EMITISM /UR HISTORY MAKES IT INCUMBENT UPON US NEVER AGAIN TO PERMIT ANTI 3EMITISM TO ENDANGER *EWS WITHOUT MAJORITY OF THE PEO PLE RISING UP IN DETERMINED DEFENCE OF THEIR *EWISH FELLOW CITIZENS AND COMMUNITIES 4HIS OBLIGATION IS BEING TAKEN VERY SERI OUSLY BY US ALL NOT JUST hUSv THE &EDERAL 'OVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT BUT hUSv AS SOCIETY AS A WHOLE *OSCHKA &ISCHER &OREIGN -INISTER OF 'ERMANY

E MUST SEND A CLEAR MESSAGE THAT ANTI 3EMITIC HATE CRIMES ARE EXACTLY THAT CRIMES AND THAT THESE CRIMES WILL BE AGGRESSIVELY PROS ECUTED 7E MUST NOT PERMIT ANTI 3EMITIC CRIMES TO BE SHRUGGED OFF AS INEVITABLE SIDE EFFECTS OF INTER ETHNIC CONFLICTS 0OLITICAL DISAGREEMENTS DO NOT JUSTIFY PHYSICAL ASSAULTS AGAINST *EWS IN OUR STREETS THE DESTRUCTION OF *EWISH SCHOOLS OR THE DESECRATION OF SYNAGOGUES

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2ELATED /3#% EVENTS PROMOTING TOLERANCE

TOWARDS ALL MANIFESTATIONS OF INTOLERANCE 3OLOMON 0ASSY /3#% #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE &OREIGN -INISTER OF "ULGARIA

*UNE 6IENNA &IRST #ONFERENCE ON !NTI 3EMITISM 3EPTEMBER 6IENNA #ONFERENCE ON 2ACISM 8ENOPHOBIA AND $ISCRIMINATION !PRIL "ERLIN 3ECOND #ONFERENCE ON !NTI 3EMITISM *UNE 0ARIS #ONFERENCE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RACIST XENOPHOBIC AND ANTI 3EMITIC PROPAGANDA ON THE )NTERNET AND HATE CRIMES 3EPTEMBER "RUSSELS #ONFERENCE ON RACISM XENOPHOBIA AND DISCRIMINATION IN SOCIETY

AND CEMETERIES 4HERE IS NO JUSTIFICATION FOR ANTI 3EMITISM )T IS NOT ANTI 3EMITIC TO CRITICIZE THE 3TATE OF )SRAEL "UT THE LINE IS CROSSED WHEN )SRAEL OR ITS LEADERS ARE DEMONIZED OR VILIFIED FOR EXAMPLE BY THE USE OF .AZI SYMBOLS AND RACIST CARICATURES 7E MUST SEND THE CLEAR MESSAGE TO EXTREMISTS OF THE POLITICAL RIGHT AND THE POLITICAL LEFT ALIKE THAT ALL THOSE WHO USE HATE AS A RALLYING CRY DISHONOUR THEMSELVES AND DISHONOUR THEIR CAUSE IN THE PROCESS #OLIN 0OWELL 3ECRETARY OF 3TATE OF THE 5NITED 3TATES OF !MERICA

E CANNOT IGNORE THE NEW DISGUISES OF ANTI 3EMITISM IF WE WISH TO COME UP WITH AN EFFECTIVE RESPONSE !ND WE SHOULD PROB ABLY START WITH EDUCA TION "IAS IS LEARNED IN CHILDHOOD 3PECIAL IMPORTANCE SHOULD BE PLACED ON THE PROMOTION OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES TO COMBAT ANTI 3EMITISM AND PROGRAMMES ABOUT THE (OLOCAUST AND ABOUT RESPECT FOR ALL ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS GROUPS 0ARALLEL TO THIS THERE SHOULD BE A DRIVE TO COMBAT HATE CRIMES FUELLED BY RACIST XENO PHOBIC AND ANTI 3EMITIC PROPAGANDA IN THE MEDIA AND ON THE )NTERNET 7E ARE NOT ONLY TAKING SERIOUSLY THE PROBLEM OF ANTI 3EMITISM AND THE CONCERNS OF *EWISH COMMUNITIES AND OTHER MINORI TIES THROUGHOUT THE /3#% AREA WE ARE ALSO STRIVING TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDA TIONS FOR CONCRETE MEASURES TO RAISE PUBLIC AWARENESS AND TO CREATE hZERO TOLERANCEv

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NTI 3EMITISM MUST BE ADDRESSED BY FIRM MEASURES "UT WHILE WE DO SO WE CANNOT AND SHOULD NOT EXPECT REASONABLE CRIT ICISM AND FAIR COM MENT ABOUT SPECIFIC )SRAELI 'OVERNMENT POLICIES TO FALL SILENT #RITICISM OF GOVERN MENT POLICIES IS AN ESSENTIAL FEATURE OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL SYSTEMS 4HE EXPLOITA TION OF RACE FOR POLITICAL PURPOSES BY ANY GOVERNMENT OR ANY POLITICIAN Â&#x2C6; BE IT AS AN OFFENSIVE WEAPON OR AS A SHIELD TO FEND OFF CRITICISM Â&#x2C6; IS QUITE SIMPLY UNACCEPTABLE 4HE %UROPEAN 5NION AGREES THAT THE /3#% S APPROACH TO ANTI 3EMITISM SHOULD BE ACTION ORIENTED 7E WELCOME THE FOCUS OF THIS CONFERENCE ON PRACTICAL MEASURES INCLUDING THOSE DEALING WITH PREVENTION EDUCATION AND PROTECTION WHICH SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED WITH RESOLVE IN ALL /3#% PAR TICIPATING 3TATES "RIAN #OWEN &OREIGN -INISTER OF )RELAND ON BEHALF OF THE %UROPEAN 5NION

T THE TH MEET ING OF THE 5NITED .ATIONS #OMMISSION ON (UMAN 2IGHTS "ELARUS AND THE 2USSIAN &EDERATION PROPOSED A RESOLUTION DRAWING THE INTERNA TIONAL COMMUNITY S ATTENTION TO THE PROB LEM OF THE RESURGENCE AND SPREAD OF NEO .AZISM NEO FASCISM AND AGGRESSIVE NATIONALISM WHICH ALSO SERVE AS A BREEDING GROUND FOR ANTI 3EMITISM 4HE RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE MAJORITY OF THE #OMMISSION S MEMBERS 4O OUR SURPRISE %UROPEAN 5NION COUN TRIES THE 5NITED 3TATES AND *APAN VOTED AGAINST THE RESOLUTION 7HAT IS THE CONCLU SION TO BE DRAWN FROM THIS BY NEO .AZI AND NEO FASCIST ELEMENTS AND OTHER SUCH SCUM AGAINST WHOM THIS RESOLUTION WAS DIRECTED !MBASSADOR 6IKTAR 'AISENAK (EAD OF THE $ELEGATION OF "ELARUS TO THE /3#%

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FTER THE 5NITED 3TATES &RANCE IS HOME TO THE LARGEST DIASPORA WITH THE SAME CONCERNS AS THOSE THAT GAVE RISE TO THIS CONFERENCE )T IS TRUE WE HAVE TO ADMIT THAT &RANCE IS EXPERIENCING A WAVE OF ANTI 3EMITISM )T IS ALSO TRUE HOWEVER THAT THIS WAVE IS IN NO WAY COMPARABLE WITH THE TIDAL WAVE OF HATRED THAT YEARS AGO SENT &RENCH *EWS TO THEIR DEATHS 4HE HISTORY OF THE *EWS IN &RANCE IS ONE OF A HAPPY ENCOUNTER AND OF A LOVE OFTEN WOUNDED OFTEN HURT OFTEN DEMEANED BETWEEN AN ANCIENT PEOPLE AND THE COUNTRY THAT WELCOMED THEM AND ACCEPTED THE RICH SPIRITUAL INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL CONTRIBU TION THAT THEY MADE )T WAS IN &RANCE AND NOT ELSEWHERE IN %UROPE THAT THE *EWS WERE FIRST ACCORDED THE STATUS OF CITIZENS IT WAS IN &RANCE WHERE THEY FIRST KNEW THE DIGNITY OF FREE EXISTENCE IT WAS IN &RANCE THAT THE FREEDOM OF hALL OPINIONS EVEN RELIGIOUS ONESv WAS PROCLAIMED AS A HUMAN RIGHT ) HAVE FAITH IN THE /3#% TO STRENGTHEN LEGISLATION THAT &RANCE FOR ITS PART HAS ALREADY IMPLEMENTED AND TO GUIDE US AND COMBAT A SCOURGE WHOSE CONSEQUENCES IN TERMS OF ATROCITY AND BARBARITY ) KNOW MORE ABOUT THAN MANY ) HOPE THAT YOUR EFFORTS WILL BE ABLE TO RESTORE THE TRUE MEANING OF THE WORD hFRATERNITYv 3IMONE 6EIL 0RESIDENT OF THE &ONDATION POUR LA -ÏMOIRE DE LA 3HOAH (OLOCAUST SURVIVOR

USUALLY WITH POWER (IS ONLY WAY THEN TO ASSERT AND CONFIRM IT IS BY USING IT SO AS TO TURN FREE PERSONS INTO VICTIMS AND VICTIMS INTO SLAVES AND SLAVES INTO CORPSES .EVER SATISFIED NEVER AT PEACE WITH HIMSELF SUS PICIOUS OF ANYONE UNKNOWN THE HATER WILL FOREVER BE LOOKING FOR SOMEONE TO SHAME AND DOMINATE AND DESTROY &OR THE HATER TO FEEL ALIVE HE NEEDS TO INFLICT SUFFERING AND DEATH ONTO hTHE OTHERv !ND THE *EW WAS TO HIM ALWAYS hTHE OTHERv WHOSE OTHERNESS HE RESENTED AND FEARED %LIE 7IESEL .OBEL 0EACE 0RIZE LAUREATE !MERICAN WRITER AND (OLOCAUST SURVIVOR

"ERLIN $ECLARATION BOOSTS CREDIBILITY OF /3#% S FIGHT AGAINST ANTI 3EMITISM h) BELIEVE OUR CONFERENCE HAS MADE A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO MAKING OUR COLLECTIVE RESPONSE TO ANTI 3EMITISM MORE CREDIBLE v SAID #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE 3OLOMON 0ASSY AT THE END OF IMPASSIONED TWO DAY DISCUSSIONS 4HROUGH A h"ERLIN $ECLARATIONv PARTICIPATING 3TATES AGREED TO UNDERTAKE SPECIFIC AND PRACTICAL COUNTER MEASURES WHICH WILL BE PRESENTED TO THE /3#% S -INISTERIAL #OUNCIL IN 3OFIA IN $ECEMBER #OUNTRIES WOULD

ENSURE THAT THEIR NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS FOSTER A SAFE ENVIRONMENT FREE FROM ANTI 3EMITIC HARASSMENT VIOLENCE AND DISCRIMINATION

PROMOTE AS APPROPRIATE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES FOR COMBATING ANTI 3EMITISM AND FOR INSTILLING THE IMPORTANCE OF RESPECT FOR ALL ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS GROUPS

COMBAT HATE CRIMES COLLECT AND MAINTAIN RELIABLE INFORMATION AND STATISTICS ON ANTI 3EMITIC AND OTHER HATE CRIMES AND MAKE THESE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC AND

NTI 3EMITISM IS A LANGUAGE OF HATRED ITS DOCTRINE IS FILLED WITH HATRED AND HATRED BY ITS NATURE ALWAYS RUNS OVERBOARD CROSSING GEOGRAPHICAL BOUNDA RIES AND ETHNIC AFFILI ATIONS )T IS A CONTA GIOUS DISEASE (E WHO HATES ONE MINORITY WILL HATE ALL MINORITIES RELIGIOUS POLITI CAL ETHNIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL AND IS BOUND TO WIND UP HATING HIMSELF /F COURSE ONE OFTEN ASKS OR IS BEING ASKED 7HY ANTI 3EMITISM 7HY SUCH HATRED )S IT BECAUSE THE HATER S OBSESSION IS

*ULY

WORK WITH THE /3#% 0ARLIAMENTARY !SSEMBLY TO DETERMINE APPROPRIATE WAYS TO PERIODICALLY REVIEW THE PROBLEM OF ANTI 3EMITISM 4HE $ECLARATION ALSO ASSIGNS THE /3#% S /FFICE FOR $EMOCRATIC )NSTITUTIONS AND (UMAN 2IGHTS SPECIAL RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDING

x FOLLOWING ANTI 3EMITIC INCIDENTS IN THE /3#% AREA IN CO OPERATION WITH OTHER /3#% INSTITUTIONS AND OTHER RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND REPORTING FINDINGS TO THE 0ERMANENT #OUNCIL AND MAKING THEM PUBLIC AND

x SYSTEMATICALLY COLLECTING AND DISSEMINATING INFORMATION THROUGHOUT THE /3#% AREA ON BEST PRACTICES FOR PREVENTING AND RESPONDING TO ANTI 3EMITISM 4HE OFFICIAL DOCUMENT IS ON WWW OSCE ORG EVENTS CONFERENCES ANTISEMITISM

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F YOU RE IN THE MEDIA BUSINESS ) THINK YOU NEED TO REPORT ON HATE CRIMES IN ALL THEIR UGLINESS "UT YOU ALSO NEED TO REPORT ON THE JOYS OF *EWISH LIFE AND THE BENEFITS FOR EVERYONE OF LIVING IN A TOLERANT MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY )F YOU RE IN THE EDUCA TION BUSINESS YOU NEED TO MAKE SURE THAT CITIZENS KNOW ALL ABOUT THE HORRORS OF THE (OLOCAUST "UT YOU ALSO NEED TO TEACH ABOUT THE POSITIVE EXPERIENCES OF THE ENSUING DECADES IN OVERCOMING THE .AZI LEGACY IN 'ERMANY AND BEYOND )F YOU ARE THE PUBLIC CONSUMER OF MEDIA MESSAGES YOU NEED TO REJECT BIAS AND DEMAND FAIRNESS 9OU NEED TO VIEW THE MEDIA WITH A CRITICAL EYE AND TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN RESPONSIBLE AND IRRESPONSIBLE JOURNALISM &INALLY WHEN YOU ENCOUNTER EXAMPLES OF INTOLERANCE IN THE MEDIA EVEN SUBTLE ONES YOU NEED TO SPEAK OUT WHETHER THROUGH LETTERS TO THE EDITOR OR E MAILS TO THE PRODUCER OR SIMPLY BY SPREADING THE WORD IN YOUR COMMUNITY %DWARD +OCH FORMER -AYOR OF .EW 9ORK #ITY HEAD OF 53 DELEGATION TO THE CONFERENCE

E NEED TO IMPLE MENT AN ACTION PLAN THAT ALLOWS ALL PARTICIPATING 3TATES TO CONVERGE THEIR IDEAS ON HOW BEST TO IMPLE MENT THE /3#% RESOLU TION 4HE FOLLOW UP PLAN COULD BE LABELED h4HE &OUR -ORESv MORE STATISTICS MORE LAW ENFORCEMENT MORE EDUCATION MORE RESTRAINT IN THE MEDIA !S PARLIAMENTARIANS AND ORGANIZATIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY OUR TASK IS SIMPLE YET COMPLI CATED 7E MUST CAREFULLY AND SKILFULLY ROOT OUT THIS ENDEMIC PROBLEM WHICH THREAT ENS OUR CIVIC FABRIC 7E MUST REPLACE THE ANTIQUE THOUGHT PROCESS OF ANTI 3EMITISM WITH THIS h"ERLIN 0ROCESSv WHERE PARLIA MENTS COMPOSED OF ALL PARTIES AND ALL GOV ERNMENTS UNITE WITH THEIR PEOPLES IN ONE VOICE AND SAY @%NOUGH IS ENOUGH 3ENATOR *ERRY 3 'RAFSTEIN #ANADA /3#% 0ARLIAMENTARY !SSEMBLY 4REASURER

i>À ÞÊxä]äääÊ Õ }>À > Ê iÜÃÊ

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*ULY

)

AM REMINDED OF THE ACTIONS OF 4URKISH LEAD ERS AFTER THE HORRIBLE )STANBUL BOMBINGS LAST .OVEMBER .OT ONLY DID 0RIME -INISTER 2ECEP 4AYYIP %RDOGAN PUBLICLY DENOUNCE THE TWO SYNAGOGUE BOMBINGS BUT HE ALSO MET *EWISH LEADERS REPORTEDLY A FIRST IN THE HISTORY OF THE 2EPUBLIC 3EEING PICTURES FROM THE FUNERAL ON THAT RAIN DRENCHED DAY THE CASKETS WERE DRAPED WITH THE 4URKISH FLAG AN HONOUR NOR MALLY RESERVED FOR SOLDIERS OR CIVILIANS WHO HAVE PAID THE ULTIMATE PRICE FOR THEIR COUNTRY 4HE MESSAGE WAS UNMISTAKABLE $ESPITE BEING A PREDOMINANTLY -USLIM COUNTRY 4URKISH LEADERS MADE CLEAR THIS WAS NOT AN ATTACK ON *EWS BUT RATHER AN ATTACK ON 4URKS WHO HAPPENED TO BE *EWISH WHO WERE VICTIMIZED BECAUSE OF THEIR RELIGION 4URKEY HAS SET AN EXAMPLE FOR US ALL AND WITH ITS BOLD MOVES FOR %5 ACCESSION AND CONTINUED PROGRESS TOWARD IMPROVING THE TREATMENT OF ITS RELIGIOUS AND ETHNIC MINORITIES IT IS WORKING TO CREATE GOVERNMENT POLICIES THAT PROMOTE TOLERANCE AND NON DISCRIMINATION "ENJAMIN #ARDIN #ONGRESSMAN -EMBER OF 53 $ELEGATION TO THE /3#% 0ARLIAMENTARY !SSEMBLY AND 53 #OMMISSION ON 3ECURITY AND #OOPERATION IN %UROPE (ELSINKI #OMMISSION

EMINARS AND CONFERENCES SERVE POLITICIANS OFFICIALS AND INTELLECTUALS BUT A WIDER PUBLIC IS REACHED BY MOVIES -EL 'IBSON S FILM h4HE 0ASSION OF THE #HRISTv IS SEEN BY MILLIONS ) BELIEVE EVERY *EW OF MY AGE HAS AT SOME POINT IN HIS LIFE BEEN CHALLENGED BY THE 'IBSON STORY ) REMEMBER HOW AT SEVEN YEARS OLD ) CAME HOME FROM SCHOOL ONE DAY WITH A BLOODY NOSE HAVING HAD A FIGHT WITH A BOY WHO CLAIMED THAT MY FATHER HAD KILLED #HRIST h!ND WHAT DID YOU ANSWER v MY PARENTS ASKED ) ANSWERED h-Y FATHER IS NOT THAT OLD v -AX *AKOBSON #ONFERENCE KEYNOTE SPEAKER -ANAGING $IRECTOR OF #OUNCIL OF %CONOMIC /RGANIZATIONS &INLAND

OMING FROM A COUNTRY THAT HAS GIVEN THE WORLD EXAMPLES OF BRILLIANT CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY GREAT *EWISH SCHOLARS MUSICIANS AUTHORS POLITICIANS AND HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIV ISTS TO A MULTI ETHNIC MULTILINGUAL 2USSIA WE HAVE A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT ANTI 3EMITISM CAN DO TO MANKIND 4HE 2USSIAN AUTHORITIES HAVE FOCUSED THEIR EFFORTS ON REVIVING *EWISH COMMUNITIES PASSING ANTI DISCRIMINATION LAWS AND WEAVING THE PRINCI PLES OF TOLERANCE INTO THE FABRIC OF SOCIETY 7E WELCOME THE DETERMINATION OF THE /3#% TO UNITE THE EFFORTS OF DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES AND TO TURN DECLARATIONS INTO CONCRETE ACTIONS ! STRONG POLITICAL IMPULSE TRANSMITTED FROM 6IENNA AND "ERLIN SHOULD SET IN MOTION A MAJOR OFFENSIVE AGAINST ANTI 3EMITISM Â&#x2C6; A POLITICAL LEGAL EDUCATIONAL CULTURAL AND CIVIL OFFENSIVE Â&#x2C6; FOR THE SAKE OF THE IDEALS OF DEMOCRACY %UROPEAN SECURITY AND STABILITY !NVAR !ZIMOV $EPUTY $IRECTOR $EPARTMENT FOR 0AN %UROPEAN #O OPERATION 2USSIAN &OREIGN -INISTRY

*ULY

RESH INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF (OLOCAUST EDUCATION IN %UROPE ARE PRESENTED IN A PAGE BOOK THAT WAS LAUNCHED SIMULTANEOUSLY IN #RACOW AND "ERLIN ON THE EVE OF THE /3#% #ONFERENCE ON !NTI 3EMITISM 7HY SHOULD WE TEACH ABOUT THE (OLOCAUST FEATURES ESSAYS BY 0OLISH AUTHORS INCLUDING A PHILOSOPHER A SOCIOLOGIST A HISTORIAN A PSY CHOLOGIST A JOURNALIST A THEOLOGIAN AND A HIGH SCHOOL TEACHER h4EACHING ALL ABOUT THE (OLOCAUST IS NOT JUST A MATTER OF TEACHING FACTS WHICH IS WHY MANY OF THE AUTHORS REFER TO PERSONAL EXPERIENCES v WRITES 0ROFESSOR *OLANTA !MBROSEWICZ *ACOBS IN THE BOOK S FOREWORD h.OT ALL HAVE READY ANSWERS BUT EACH ONE IS AWARE OF THE NEED TO TEACH THE SUBJECT FOR THE SAKE OF RECONCILIATION BETWEEN NATIONS DEMOCRACY AND PEACE v h4HESE ESSAYS CONCERN EVERYONE v SAYS !MBASSADOR #HRISTIAN 3TROHAL $IRECTOR OF THE /3#% S /FFICE FOR $EMOCRATIC )NSTITUTIONS AND (UMAN 2IGHTS /$)(2 h4HEY ADDRESS A FUN DAMENTAL PART OF OUR WORK PROMOTING TOLER ANCE AND ANTI DISCRIMINATION IN ORDER TO FIGHT ANTI 3EMITISM XENOPHOBIA AND ANTI )SLAMISM 7E ARE REMINDED TO DO EVERYTHING IN OUR POWER TO LEARN FROM THE PAST AND AVOID REPEATING ITS HORRORS v 4HE BOOK FIRST PUBLISHED IN 0OLISH IN IS A JOINT EFFORT OF THE /$)(2 AND THE *UDAICA &OUNDATION IN #RACOW )T ALSO EXAMINES THE ATTITUDES OF 0OLAND S YOUNG PEOPLE TOWARDS THE (OLOCAUST AND DESCRIBES SELECTED WEBSITES DEVOTED TO (OLOCAUST RELATED TOPICS &OR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT OFFICE ODIHR PL OR ACCESS WWW JUDAICA PL

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º > Ì }ÊÌ iÊ iÜÊ >ÌÀi`» 7 >ÌÊÌ iÊ i` >ÊÃ> ` "vÊ> Ê"- ÊiÛi ÌÃÊ ÊÀiVi ÌÊÞi>ÀÃ]ÊÌ iÊÃiV `Ê Ì -i Ì Ã Ê viÀi ViÊÜ>ÃÊ iÊ vÊÌ iÊ ÃÌÊV Ãi ÞÊv Üi`Ê LÞÊÌ iÊ ÌiÀ >Ì > Ê i` >°Ê,i« ÀÌÃÊ> `ÊV i Ì>ÀÞÊvÀ Ê} L> ÊÜ ÀiÊÃiÀÛ ViÃÊ> `Ê > ÀÊ iÜÃ«>«iÀÃÊÜiÀiÊ vÌi Ê>ÃÊÃ« À Ìi`Ê>ÃÊÌ iÊÌÜ `>ÞÊ` ÃVÕÃÃ Ã°Ê ÝViÀ«ÌÃÊvÀ Ê>ÊÃ > ÊÃi iVÌ Ê vÊ>ÀÌ V iÃÊv Ü°

!NTI 3EMITISM ! CHANCE FOR %UROPE TO CHECK A WAVE OF HATE .%7 9/2+ %UROPEAN LEADERS MAY FINALLY BE WAKING UP TO THE SEVERITY OF ANTI 3EMITISM IN THEIR COUNTRIES !FTER LARGELY IGNORING INCREASING NUMBERS OF ATTACKS ON *EWS AND *EWISH INSTITUTIONS FOR THE PAST THREE AND A HALF YEARS SOME GOVERNMENTS HAVE BEGUN TO ACKNOWLEDGE THIS DISEASE AND TO TAKE STEPS TO CONFRONT IT 7HEN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE NATIONS THAT COMPRISE THE /3#% GATHER IN "ERLIN FOR A SECOND CONFERENCE ON ANTI 3EMITISM THEY WILL HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP A PLAN OF ACTION THAT RECOGNIZES THAT ANTI 3EMITISM IS NOT JUST AN ASSAULT ON *EWS BUT TEARS AT THE FABRIC OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES )NTERNATIONAL (ERALD 4RIBUNE !PRIL BY 2ABBI !NDREW "AKER $IRECTOR OF )NTERNATIONAL *EWISH !FFAIRS !MERICAN *EWISH #OMMITTEE AND PUBLIC ADVISER TO THE 53 DELEGATION TO THE /3#% CONFERENCE

! RENEWED PLEDGE TO COMBAT ANTI 3EMITISM "%2,). h7HATEVER HAPPENS AFTER THIS ;CONFERENCE= THE FACT THAT THE %UROPEAN COMMUNITY HAS COME TOGETHER SAYING THAT WE NEED PLANS AND STRATEGIES TO PREVENT ANTI 3EMITISM IS ITSELF VERY IMPORTANT v ;!BRAHAM= &OXMAN ;EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE !NTI $EFAMATION ,EAGUE= SAID &OXMAN CONTINUED THAT THE CONFERENCE HAD ALSO BROKEN WHAT HE CALLED A TABOO IT LABELED CERTAIN CRITICISM OF )SRAEL AS ANTI 3EMITIC h)N 6IENNA NOBODY TALKED ABOUT THE )SRAEL ISSUE v HE SAID REFERRING TO A FIRST /3#% CONFERENCE ON ANTI 3EMITISM A YEAR AGO h4HIS TIME WE DIDN T DEVELOP CRITERIA OR IDENTIFY WHERE YOU CROSS THE LINE FROM LEGITIMATE CRITICISM TO ANTI 3EMITISM BUT AT LEAST IT WAS AN OPEN ISSUE v 4HE MEETING HELD UNDER TIGHT SECURITY AT THE 'ERMAN &OREIGN -INISTRY WAS THE SECOND OF WHAT PROMISES NOW TO BECOME AN ANNUAL /3#% EFFORT TO ADDRESS THE REPORTED RISE OF ANTI 3EMITIC INCIDENTS IN %UROPE x 3OME DELEGATES WHILE PRAISING THE /3#% FOR HOLDING THE CONFERENCE AT ALL WERE CRITICAL OF THE EXPECTED FINAL DECLA RATION SAYING THAT IT WAS VAGUE AND FAILED TO LAY OUT CONCRETE ENFORCEABLE MEASURES .EW 9ORK 4IMES !PRIL BY 2ICHARD "ERNSTEIN

/3#% TO HOLD CONFERENCE ON hCYBER HATEv IN *UNE "%2,). 4HERE ARE THOUSANDS OF HATE PAGES ON THE )NTERNET 4HEY REPRESENT NOT ONLY ANTI 3EMITISM AND THE DENIAL OF THE (OLOCAUST WHOEVER WISHES TO SEARCH WILL FIND DISCRIMINATION OF ALL KINDS -OST OF THE TIME ONE DOES NOT HAVE TO LOOK TOO LONG SAYS *ULIANE 7ETZEL WHO REPRESENTS THE #ENTRE FOR !NTI 3EMITISM 2ESEARCH AT THE 4ECHNICAL 5NIVERSITY "ERLIN 3HE WAS PART OF A GROUP OF OBSERVERS WHO LEARNED TO THEIR SATISFACTION THAT IN ITS h"ERLIN $ECLARATIONv THE /3#% ALSO CITES THE DANGERS OF THE )NTERNET BEING USED TO FUEL ANTI 3EMITIC HATRED $ER 3TANDARD !USTRIAN 0RESS !GENCY !PRIL

7IESEL 4ALK ANTI 3EMITISM WITH -USLIMS "%2,). ! TRUE DIALOGUE ON ANTI 3EMITISM IN THE ST CENTURY MUST INCLUDE -USLIMS AS WELL AS #HRISTIANS AND *EWS SAID (OLOCAUST SUR VIVOR AUTHOR AND .OBEL 0EACE 0RIZE WINNER %LIE 7IESEL h7E SHOULD HAVE INVITED )SLAM AS WELL v SAID 7IESEL AS HE SPOKE TO THE MOSTLY TOP OFFICIALS FROM THE COUNTRIES OF THE /3#% (E NOTED THAT THOSE PRESENT WERE MOSTLY OF #HRISTIAN AND *EWISH ORIGIN AND THAT A -USLIM PRESENCE WAS LARGELY ABSENT h7E SHOULD HAVE INVITED THE THIRD PARTNER IT S NOT TOO LATE v HE SAID -OST OF THE SPEAKERS AT THE CONFERENCE SHIED AWAY FROM SPEAKING ABOUT THE RISING THREAT OF ANTI 3EMITISM AMONG EXTREMIST -USLIMS ! NATIVE OF 2OMANIA WHO GREW UP IN (UNGARY 7IESEL SAID HE WAS AMONG THE MANY (UNGARIAN *EWS DEPORTED IN !PRIL h)N EIGHT WEEKS TO *EWS WERE SHIPPED OUT TO NOWHERE v 3IXTY YEARS AGO THIS MONTH HE ENTERED THE GHETTO FROM WHERE HE WAS TAKEN TO !USCHWITZ *ERUSALEM 0OST !PRIL BY 4OVAH ,AZAROFF

h$EMONIZING )SRAEL IS ANTI 3EMITISMv "%2,). 53 AND 'ERMAN POLITICIANS WERE AMONG THE FEW WHO WARNED AGAINST THE DANGERS OF A NEW ANTI 3EMITISM USED TO BASH )SRAEL WHEN THEY SPOKE TO THE /3#% ;"UT= SOME OF /3#% S 3TATES WERE FAR FROM UNITED ON THE ISSUE AS THEY ARGUED AWAY FROM THE CAMERAS OVER THE QUESTION OF WHETHER HATRED OF )SRAEL CAN BE LABELLED ANTI 3EMITIC *EWISH LEADERS AT THE CONFERENCE WERE GRATEFUL TO SEE /3#% LEADERS TAKE A STAND AGAINST ANTI 3EMITISM "UT THEY FELT THEY WENT ONLY HALF WAY BY FAILING TO HIGHLIGHT THE ANTI 3EMITISM PRESENT IN ATTACKS AGAINST )SRAEL AND THE THREAT TO *EWS POSED BY )SLAMIC EXTREMISTS *ERUSALEM 0OST !PRIL BY 4OVAH ,AZAROFF

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(ALTING THE NEW HATRED !NTI 3EMITISM IS A PROBLEM FOR EVERY /3#% STATE BECAUSE IT SEEKS TO BREAK DOWN THE PILLARS OF OUR SOCIE TIES RULE OF LAW EQUALITY DECENCY TOLERANCE AND FAITH )TS VIOLENCE IS FELT BY ALL REGARDLESS OF FAITH )TS MOST DIABOLICAL OFFSPRING IS TERRORISM A FORCE THAT IN ITS EMBRACE OF DEATH TEARS DOWN EVERYTHING IN ITS PATH )TS AIM IS TO DESTROY ALL THAT IS HUMANE 7ASHINGTON 0OST !PRIL BY 'ERT 7EISSKIRCHEN MEMBER OF THE 'ERMAN "UNDESTAG AND 6ICE 0RESIDENT OF THE /3#% 0ARLIAMENTARY !SSEMBLY AND 3ENATOR 'EORGE 6OINOVICH 2EPUBLICAN /HIO MEMBER OF THE &OREIGN 2ELATIONS #OMMITTEE

0ALESTINIANS BLAST ANTI 3EMITISM MEETING 7%34 "!.+ ! TWO DAY INTERNA TIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANTI 3EMITISM IN "ERLIN HAS DRAWN CRITICISM FROM 0ALESTINIANS WHO HAVE DESCRIBED IT AS A hRED HERRINGv AND A hSLY DIS TRACTIONv AIMED AT DIVERTING ATTEN TION FROM THEIR OPPRESSION BY )SRAEL 4HE CONFERENCE HELD UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE /3#% IS EXPECTED TO ISSUE A SET OF DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS LINKING hSOMEv ANTI )SRAELI SENTI MENTS TO ANTI 3EMITISM #LAUSE OF THE CONFERENCE S SUMMARY STATEMENT SAYS THAT THE )SRAELI 0ALESTINIAN CONFLICT SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO SERVE AS A COVER FOR THE EXPRESSION OF ANTI 3EMITIC POSITIONS AND OPINIONS -OREOVER THE NATION FORUM HAS EFFECTIVELY AGREED THAT THERE IS A LINK BETWEEN CRITICIZING )SRAELI ACTIONS AND POLICIES x AND EXPRESSIONS OF CLASSICAL ANTI 3EMITISM /NLY )RISH &OREIGN -INISTER "RIAN #OWEN WHOSE COUNTRY HOLDS THE ROTATING %5 PRESIDENCY VOICED A MORE BALANCED APPROACH TO THE ISSUE OF RACIAL HATRED (E TOLD THE FORUM IT WAS WRONG TO USE hRACEv FOR POLITICAL REASONS EITHER AS AN OFFENSIVE WEAPON OR AS A SHIELD TO FEND OFF CRITICISMS !LJAZEERA NET !PRIL

h!NTI 3EMITISM THREATENS DEMOCRACYv 3CHRÚDER SAYS SOCIETY DUTY BOUND TO ACT AGAINST RACISM "%2,). &EDERAL #HANCELLOR 'ERHARD 3CHRÚDER SAID THAT SOCIETY AS A WHOLE WAS DUTY BOUND TO ACT AGAINST ANTI *EWISH AND RACIAL HATRED 4HE FIGHT AGAINST ANTI 3EMITISM COULD NOT BE WON BY THE POLICE AND THE CRIMI NAL LAW HE SAID AT A RECEPTION ORGANIZED FOR CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS (E CALLED FOR hAN OPEN DIALOGUE CONNECT ING PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT CIVILIZATIONS AND RELIGIONSv 4HE #HANCELLOR DESCRIBED ANTI 3EMITISM AS hA PERMA NENT THREAT WHICH WE HAVE TO MEET WITH VIGILANCEv 3CHRÚDER DEMANDED A hSPIRIT OF TOLERANCE AND OF SOLIDARITY THAT DRAWS A CLEAR LINE BETWEEN RATIONAL CON SIDERATION OF THE POLICY OF THE )SRAELI 'OVERNMENT AND UNACCEPTABLE INCITEMENT AGAINST )SRAEL AND *EWSv $IE 7ELT !PRIL

+OCH ENCOURAGED BY ANTI 3EMITISM CONFERENCE .%7 9/2+ *UST BACK FROM "ERLIN ONCE THE WORLD CAPITAL OF ANTI 3EMITISM %D +OCH IS ENCOURAGED BY %UROPEANS RESPONSE TO A LATTER DAY SURGE OF RACIST ATTACKS ON *EWS PERMEATING COUNTRIES FROM "RITAIN TO THE !SIAN STEPPES )N FACT SAYS THE FORMER MAYOR A JUST COMPLETED MEETING OF NATIONS THERE PROVED SO SUCCESSFUL THAT 'ERMANY S PLEDGE TO DEAL WITH THE PROBLEM BROUGHT HIM TO TEARS AND HE HAS CALLED OFF HIS PERSONAL BOYCOTT OF &RANCE 4HOUGH FAMOUSLY OUTSPOKEN ON ISSUES OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC TOLERANCE +OCH ADMITS HE HAD NEVER HEARD OF THE /RGANIZATION FOR 3ECURITY AND #O OPERATION IN %UROPE BEFORE 3ECRETARY OF 3TATE #OLIN 0OWELL INVITED HIM TO HEAD THE 53 DELEGATION TO ITS SECOND ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON ANTI 3EMITISM IN LATE !PRIL !SSOCIATED 0RESS -AY

3CHOEPS WARNS ABOUT ANTI 3EMITISM COMING THROUGH THE BACK DOOR 4HE DATE IS WELL CHOSEN 4HE /3#% !NTI 3EMITISM #ONFERENCE IN "ERLIN BEGINS RIGHT BEFORE THE ACCESSION OF TEN NEW MEMBER STATES INTO THE %UROPEAN 5NION A TOPIC THAT WILL PREOCCUPY THE DELEGATES %XPERTS SUCH AS SCIENTIST ;*ULIUS= 3CHOEPS FEAR THAT THE %5 EXPANSION WILL IMPORT ANTI 3EMITISM TO %UROPE 4HE $IRECTOR OF THE -OSES -ENDELSSOHN #ENTRE

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FOR %UROPEAN *EWISH 3TUDIES BELIEVES WITHOUT A DOUBT THAT hTHE ACCESSION OF THE NEW %ASTERN %UROPEAN %5 STATES WILL ALLOW NATIONALISM AND ANTI 3EMITISM TO ENTER THROUGH THE BACK DOORv 3CHOEPS THINKS THAT IN LIGHT OF THE %5 EXPANSION THE /3#% !NTI 3EMITISM CONFERENCE THE SECOND WITHIN A YEAR COMES MUCH TOO LATE h-ANY IN 7ESTERN %UROPE ARE ONLY NOW REALIZING THAT THE ANTI 3EMITIC PAST IN THE %ASTERN %UROPEAN 3TATES x HAS NEVER REALLY BEEN DEALT WITH v $ER 3PIEGEL !PRIL

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OLITICAL DIALOGUE WHICH SHOULD BE AT THE CORE OF THE /RGANIZATION SEEMS TO NEED SOME FRESH IMPETUS !LBANIAN !MBASSADOR :EF -AZI SAYS h) BELIEVE OUR (EADS OF 3TATE OR 'OVERNMENT SHOULD GET TOGETHER IN TO TAKE STOCK OF OUR EXPERIENCES OVER THE PAST YEARS TO REFLECT ON PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE AND AGREE ON A FORWARD LOOKING POLITICAL DECLARATION v 4HE #3#% /3#% HAS REASON TO BE PROUD OF ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE POLITICAL EVOLUTION OF %UROPE IN THE PAST THREE DECADES ESPE CIALLY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRONG COMMON VALUES SUCH AS DEMOCRACY HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RULE OF LAW ECONOMIC FREEDOM SOCIAL JUSTICE AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT HE SAYS h4HIS WAS AN EVOLUTION THAT STARTED WITH THE (ELSINKI PROCESS IN 4HE #3#% /3#% HAS BEEN THE INSTRUMENT FOR ESTABLISH ING DIALOGUE AND CREATING RULES OF BEHAVIOUR FOR RELATIONS AMONG 3TATES AND OF EACH 3TATE TOWARDS ITS CITIZENS WITH DIALOGUE ON ALL ISSUES REPLACING THE LOGIC OF CONFRONTATION v /NE OF THE STRENGTHS OF THE /3#% HAS BEEN THE WAY IN WHICH IT HAS GIVEN A VOICE TO SMALLER AND MEDIUM SIZED NATIONS h) BELIEVE THAT NEVER BEFORE IN %UROPEAN HIS TORY DID THESE COUNTRIES FEEL THEMSELVES A WEIGHTY FORCE CAPABLE OF CONTRIBUTING SO MUCH IN DEFINING THE DESTINY OF THE %UROPEAN PROCESS v THE !MBASSADOR SAYS h4HE /3#% HAS PLAYED A NOTICEABLE AND GENERALLY POSITIVE ROLE IN THIS WHICH WILL BE REMEMBERED v !LBANIA WHICH JOINED THE #3#% IN HAS A PERSPECTIVE OF THE /RGANIZATION THAT DIFFERS FROM THAT OF SOME OF THE COUNTRIES THAT SIGNED THE (ELSINKI &INAL !CT IN h7E WHO JOINED RIGHT AFTER THE END OF THE #OLD 7AR SAW THE /3#% AS A NEW ENDEAV OUR A CHANCE FOR TRANSFORMING RELATIONS BETWEEN %UROPEAN STATES INTO WHAT THEY OUGHT TO BE AT THE END OF THE TH CENTURY 7E SAW IT AS AN ORGANIZATION THAT WOULD FOCUS ON CERTAIN NEW ASPECTS IN OUR RELATIONS THAT HAD NOT BEEN DEALT WITH BY OTHER INTER NATIONAL ACCORDS AND WOULD INTRODUCE A NEW NOTION EXPRESSED BY ONE WORD ACCOUNT ABILITY v "UT THE %UROPEAN SECURITY LANDSCAPE HAS CHANGED DRAMATICALLY SINCE THEN NOT LEAST BECAUSE OF THE EXPANSION OF .!4/ AND THE %UROPEAN 5NION h) AM A FIRM BELIEVER IN THE /3#% AND IN THE IMPORTANT ROLE IT STILL HAS TO PLAY v !MBASSADOR -AZI SAYS h"UT WE MUST ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THERE IS A DEGREE OF SCEPTI

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CISM ABOUT ITS USEFULNESS TODAY WHICH WE NEED TO TACKLE HEAD ON 4HIS IS WHERE A SUMMIT MEETING COULD PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE v 4HE !LBANIAN !MBASSADOR WHO HAS WORKED FOR THE /3#% 3ECRETARIAT AS WELL AS HEADING HIS COUNTRY S 0ERMANENT -ISSION IN 6IENNA SAYS THE ISSUES HIGH ON THE AGENDA TODAY ARE THE RIGHT ONES ADDRESSING TERROR ISM AND ENHANCING SECURITY AND STABILITY FIGHTING TRAFFICKING IN ALL ITS FORMS COMBAT ING ANTI 3EMITISM INTOLERANCE DISCRIMINA TION AND RACISM IMPROVING BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT ENSURING GENDER EQUALITY AND HELPING STRENGTHEN DEMOCRATIC INSTITU TIONS AND THE RULE OF LAW h"UT ) BELIEVE THE FOCUS SHOULD NOW BE ON PRACTICAL RATHER THAN NORMATIVE WORK WITH IMPLEMENTATION BY ALL PARTICIPATING 3TATES OF WHAT HAS BEEN CONSENSUALLY AGREED v HE SAYS h) STRESS THE WORD ALL 3OMETIMES AN OUTSIDER COULD BE FORGIVEN FOR THINKING THAT CERTAIN PROBLEMS TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS CORRUPTION OR VIOLATIONS OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF PRISONERS FOR EXAMPLE EXIST ONLY IN COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION )N FACT IT IS CLEAR THAT THEY EXIST ACROSS THE ENTIRE /3#% AREA )T WOULD HELP TO UNDERMINE SCEPTICISM ABOUT OUR /RGANIZATION IF THIS WERE ACKNOWLEDGED CANDIDLY h3IMILARLY IN CONSIDERING THE INTEGRATION OF TRANSITION COUNTRIES INTO %URO !TLANTIC STRUCTURES IT SOMETIMES SEEMS TO BE TAKEN FOR GRANTED THAT ALL THE NORMS COMMITMENTS AND STANDARDS ENSHRINED IN /3#% DOCUMENTS ARE AUTOMATICALLY BEING FULLY OBSERVED AND APPLIED IN MORE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES !GAIN THAT IS NOT ALWAYS THE CASE 2ECOGNIZING THIS HONESTLY WOULD HELP TO INVIGORATE THE /RGANIZATION AND BOOST ITS PRESTIGE IN THE EYES OF OUR CITIZENS THE PEOPLE ALL OF US ARE HERE TO SERVE v !MBASSADOR -AZI BELIEVES THE /3#% S FIELD MISSIONS ARE AN IMPORTANT ASSET BUT FOR HOST COUNTRIES !LBANIA HAS HOSTED AN /3#% PRESENCE SINCE A MISSION IS NOT AN END IN ITSELF )T IS AN INSTRUMENT TO HELP A COUNTRY THROUGH A PERIOD OF TRANSITION h7E NEED TO BEAR IN MIND THAT AS THE YEARS PASS COUNTRIES GRADUALLY BECOME MORE MATURE AND THEIR DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS MORE STABLE /3#% ACTIVITIES ON THE GROUND NEED TO BE ABLE TO CHANGE TO REFLECT THESE PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENTS v %MPHASIZING THE NEED TO ENHANCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE /3#% S FIELD OPERATIONS HE SAYS h/NE WAY TO ACHIEVE THIS IS TO IDENTIFY AND FOCUS ON ACTIVITIES IN KEY AREAS IN WHICH PARTICIPATING 3TATES REQUEST ASSIST ANCE #RITICISM AND MONITORING OF EVENTS

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HAVE THEIR USES BUT THEY ARE NO SUBSTITUTE FOR ASSISTANCE TO PARTICIPATING 3TATES IN THOSE FIELDS WHERE IT IS REQUESTED AND IN STRICT AND FULL COMPLIANCE WITH THE MISSION S MAN DATE v !MBASSADOR -AZI BELIEVES THE /3#% WILL CONTINUE TO HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY IN !LBANIA FOR SOME TIME TO COME h4HE ASSISTANCE IT HAS PROVIDED SO FAR HAS BEEN INVALUABLE AND HIGHLY APPRECIATED 4HE COUNTRY HAS MATURED NOTICEABLY SINCE THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM IN AND ESPECIALLY SO SINCE THE SOCIAL UNREST IN 4HE /3#% PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE IN OVERCOMING THAT SITUATION AND BRING ING ABOUT ITS PROGRESSIVE STABILIZATION v , V >À`Ê ÕÀ« ÞÊ ÃÊ"- Ê-« iÃ«iÀÃ Ê> `Ê i>`Ê vÊÌ iÊ-iVÀiÌ>À >Ì½ÃÊ*ÀiÃÃÊ> `Ê*ÕL VÊ v À >Ì Ê-iVÌ °

!MBASSADOR :EF -AZI WAS APPOINTED 0ERMANENT 2EPRESENTATIVE OF !LBANIA TO THE )NTERNATIONAL /RGANIZATIONS IN 6IENNA IN $ECEMBER (E HELD A SIMILAR POST FROM !UGUST TO .OVEMBER (IS KNOWLEDGE OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS STEMS FROM HIS HAVING SERVED IN IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS IN HIS &OREIGN -INISTRY INCLUDING AS (EAD OF THE #3#% 3ECTION TO AND AS A MEMBER OF THE 3ECRETARIAT OF THE /3#% *ULY -AY AND OF THE )NTERNATIONAL !TOMIC %NERGY !GENCY -AY TO $ECEMBER ! GRADUATE OF THE 5NIVERSITY OF 4IRANA SPECIALIZING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND LAW THE !MBASSADOR S EARLIER CAREER IN HIS COUNTRY WAS MULTIFACETED (E WORKED AS A 2ADIO 4IRANA ANNOUNCER UNIVERSITY LECTURER TRANSLATOR INTO %NGLISH AND EDITOR (E ALSO HEADED THE )NTERNATIONAL 2ELATIONS $EPARTMENT IN THE 'ENERAL $IRECTORATE OF 044 POST TELEGRAPH TELEPHONE )N *UNE !MBASSADOR -AZI RAN FOR THE !LBANIAN PRESIDENCY

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N *ULY (EADS OF 3TATE OR 'OVERNMENT OF NATIONS COVERING A VAST AREA OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE STRETCHING FROM 6ANCOUVER TO 6LADIVOSTOK CONVENED IN (ELSINKI S &INLANDIA (ALL FOR THEIR THREE DAY 3UMMIT #ONFERENCE /N !UGUST THE MEETING CULMINAT ED IN THE SIGNING OF THE #ONFERENCE ON 3ECURITY AND #O OPERATION IN %UROPE #3#% &INAL !CT BETTER KNOWN AS THE (ELSINKI &INAL !CT 4HE AGREEMENT MARKED THE END OF AN INTENSE SERIES OF DIPLOMATIC NEGO TIATIONS THAT HAD BEGUN IN THE &INNISH CAPITAL TWO YEARS EARLIER AND HAD CON TINUED ALMOST UNBROKEN FROM TO IN 'ENEVA 3WITZERLAND 4HE AGREEMENT REPRESENTED NOT

ONLY A BREAKTHROUGH IN %AST 7EST RELATIONS DURING THE #OLD 7AR PERIOD THROUGH THE ADOPTION OF THE $ECALOGUE OF BASIC PRINCIPLES GUIDING RELATIONS AMONG THE PARTICIPATING 3TATES IT ALSO SERVED AS THE BEGINNING OF THE h(ELSINKI PROCESSv WHICH BECAME THE MAIN FORUM FOR POLITICAL CONSULTATION AND NEGOTIATION ON A COMPREHENSIVE SET OF ISSUES INCLUDING QUESTIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS DURING THE #OLD 7AR 5NDER THE AUSPICES OF THE #3#% PARTICIPATING 3TATES USED THIS PROCESS TO HELP THEM FULFIL THEIR #3#% COMMIT MENTS 4HIS CONTRIBUTED PROFOUNDLY TO THE COLLAPSE OF THE TOTALITARIAN REGIMES IN THE %AST AND THE END OF THE DIVISION OF %UROPE

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QUEUE OF VISITORS PATIENTLY AWAIT THEIR TURN TO TAKE A LEI SURELY STROLL THROUGH A WINDING ROW OF SLEEK SHOWCASES SUSPENDED FROM THE CEILING %VERY STOP ILLUMINATED BY DELICATE FIBRE LAMPS IS A DELIGHT AND A SURPRISE 4HE FIRST SPOTLIGHTS A FINE SILVER FILIGREE PURSE BY !LBANIA S 0AL ,EKAJ FOLLOWED BY A GREY NECKLACE MADE OUT OF NEWSPRINT BALLS PEARLS AND STEEL WIRE BY 'ERMANY S 4HEO 3MEETS LEAD ING TO A MULTICOLOURED GLASS BEAD NECKLACE BY THE 5NITED 3TATES *OYCE 3COTT 4HE DISPLAY ENDS WITH A RING BY 5KRAINE S /REST )VASYUTA CROWNED BY MAGNETIC DUST 3OME GUESTS GATHERED AT !USTRIA S -USEUM FàR 6OLKSKUNDE IN LATE &EBRUARY FOR THE LAUNCHING OF A CULTURAL JOURNEY THROUGH THE /3#% AREA NOT ONLY FROM 6ANCOUVER TO 6LADIVOSTOK BUT ALSO AS FAR AFIELD AS )SRAEL AND +OREA AND OTHER /3#% PARTNER 3TATES 4HE BRAINCHILD OF THE .ETHERLANDS #HAIRMANSHIP OF THE /3#% IN h6ALUABLE LINKS *EWELS FROM THE /3#% COUNTRIESv TRAVELLED FOR HALF A YEAR MAKING ITS WAY FROM -AASTRICHT TO 6IENNA VIA 3OFIA h!NYONE LOOKING AT THESE OBJECTS WILL BE STRUCK BY THEIR DIVERSITY BUT THEY WILL ALSO NOTICE HOW ARTISTS FROM DIFFERENT COUNTRIES HAVE INFLUENCED EACH OTHER v *AAP DE (OOP 3CHEFFER /3#% #HAIRMAN IN /FFICE IN WROTE IN THE ELEGANT EXHIBI TION CATALOGUE h4HIS IS ALSO REFLECTED IN THE /3#% COMMUNITY /UR COUNTRIES ARE DIVERSE BUT OUR COMMON VALUES FORM VALU ABLE LINKS WHICH ARE THE TRUE BEAUTY OF THIS /RGANIZATION v h*EWELLERY REPRESENTS COMFORT AND SECURITY v SAYS $UTCH #ULTURAL !TTACHÏ *EROEN VAN (EERDE h7HEN PEOPLE FLEE FROM SITUATIONS OF CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE THEY MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO TAKE THEIR FEW PIECES WITH THEM v 7HEN THE .ETHERLANDS %MBASSY S 0RESS AND #ULTURAL $EPARTMENT ASKED 6IENNESE JEWELLERY DESIGNER 6ERONIKA 3CHWARZINGER IN !UGUST LAST YEAR IF SHE COULD SERVE AS THE EXHI BITION S CURATOR SHE WAS ENTHUSIASTIC h*EWELLERY LIES CLOSE TO THE SKIN )T IS THE ART FORM MOST INTI MATELY CONNECTED WITH PEOPLE AND THE /3#% S WORK IS ALL ABOUT PEOPLE v SHE SAYS h"EYOND SHEER AESTHETICS AND CRAFTSMANSHIP JEWELLERY CAN CONVEY POWERFUL STATEMENTS 4AKE THE EXAMPLE OF FORMER 53 3ECRETARY OF 3TATE -ADELEINE !LBRIGHT WHO OFTEN WORE BROOCHES TO SEND MESSAGES v

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'ATHERING AND CAREFULLY CHOOSING ORNA MENTS FROM COUNTRIES IN A MATTER OF A FEW MONTHS POSED AN IRRESISTIBLE CHALLENGE !S A FORMER DESIGN STUDENT IN !MSTERDAM AND AS THE OWNER OF A JEWELLERY GALLERY IN THE HEART OF 6IENNA S OLD CENTRE -S 3CHWARZINGER KNEW SHE COULD COUNT ON A NETWORK OF FELLOW ARTISTS IN AT LEAST HALF OF THE /3#% COUNTRIES 3OME COUNTRIES SURPRISED HER DELIVERING MORE QUICKLY THAN SHE EXPECTED )N THREE DAYS 3AÝA -ILENCOVI|C FROM 3ERBIA AND -ONTENEGRO CAME UP WITH A FEATHER AND BONES BODY NECKLACE REPLETE WITH HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY MEANING /THER SOURCES ENTAILED MORE TIME AND ATTENTION h-Y INI TIAL EFFORTS TO CONTACT AN ARTIST IN !ZERBAIJAN BY E MAIL WERE NOT GETTING ANYWHERE v -S 3CHWARZINGER SAYS %MBASSIES FRIENDS AND JEWELLERY COLLEC TORS HELPED FILL THE GAPS ESPECIALLY IN THE #ENTRAL !SIAN COUNTRIES h,UCKILY THIS IS A SMALL FAMILY v SHE SAYS h7ITHIN SEVEN WEEKS MY TEAM AND ) HAD COMPLETED OUR SELECTION v 4HE 'ALERISTIN SAYS THAT SEVERAL ART ISTS WHOM SHE CONTACTED PERSONALLY TOOK THE PROJECT SERIOUSLY AND GAVE IT A LOT OF THOUGHT CONSULTING THE /3#% WEBSITE 3OME TRANSLATED THE CONCEPT OF /3#% S PARTICI PATING 3TATES INTO ORIGINAL CREATIONS !USTRIA S 3USANNE (AMMER CRAFTED SIL VER RINGS INTO A NECKLACE 4HE .ETHERLANDS (ERMAN (ERMSEN S PLASTIC LAMINATED FLAGS WERE TRANSFORMED INTO PENDANTS #ANADA S 0AUL -C#LURE GROUPED MAG NETIC PIECES INTO BROOCHES OF LAPIS LAZULI CARNELIAN JADE AND ONYX TO CALL ATTENTION TO THE ()6 STRUCTURE AND THE INTERNATIONAL CO OPERATION NEEDED TO TACKLE THE VIRUS h7E TOLD ARTISTS THAT THEY WERE WELCOME TO GIVE VENT TO THEIR CREATIVITY ON THEMES THE /3#% DEALS WITH EVERYDAY v SAYS -R VAN (EERDE 4O EMPHASIZE THE SECURE FEELING OF HAVING SHELTER IN A WORLD TEEMING WITH MILLIONS OF REFUGEES AS A RESULT OF WAR INTOLERANCE AND HATRED #ROATIA S .ENAD 2OBAN DESIGNED MODERN MAHOGANY BROOCHES SIMPLY CALLED h(OMEv (E CHOSE PEARLS AND GOLD AND SILVER ELEMENTS TO REPRESENT THEIR INHABITANTS ,ITHUANIA S 3IGITAS 6IRPILAITIS DEPICTED THE LOSS OF THE FREEDOM TO SPEAK THANK FULLY NOW IN THE COUNTRY S PAST WITH h-OUTHPIECE 3ILENCEv TWO SILVER PLASTERS 3WITZERLAND S %VA !FUHS SUBMITTED AN OLD CREATION A BROOCH OUT OF BARBED WIRE hTO BRING THE ISSUE OF VIOLENCE CLOSE TO THE SKINv

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4HE EXHIBITION S OPENING IN -AASTRICHT ON $ECEMBER ON THE OCCASION OF THE TWO DAY -INISTERIAL #OUNCIL MEETING WENT ALMOST UNNOTICED RECALLS -S 3CHWARZINGER OVERSHADOWED BY A PRESS CONFERENCE WITH 'EORGIAN ACTING 0RESIDENT .INO "URJANADZE IN THE WAKE OF 'EORGIA S h2OSE 2EVOLUTIONv /NCE IT MOVED TO -AASTRICHT S #ENTRE #ÏRAMIQUE HOWEVER THE EXHIBITION ATTRACT ED SOME VISITORS WITHIN LESS THAN A MONTH &ROM THERE TO BRIDGE THE .ETHERLANDS #HAIRMANSHIP AND THE /3#% "ULGARIAN #HAIRMANSHIP THE ORNA MENTS WENT ON DISPLAY AT 3OFIA S -USEUM OF &OREIGN !RT WHERE THEY DREW DOUBLE THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE OVER TWO WEEKS h"ULGARIAN 0RIME -INISTER 3IMEON 3AXE #OBOURG 'OTHA ADDRESSED THE OPENING IN THE PRESENCE OF JOURNALISTS v -S 3CHWARZINGER RECALLS h)T WAS SUCH A SUCCESSFUL AND MUCH REPORTED SOCIAL AND CUL TURAL EVENT THAT ARTIST :WETELINA !LEXIEVA WHO CREATED THE "ULGARIAN CON TRIBUTION A GOLD AND CORAL RING BECAME FAMOUS OVERNIGHT v 4HE EXHIBITION S FINAL STOP IN 6IENNA WAS ALMOST AN AFTERTHOUGHT BUT PROVED TO BE AN IDEAL WAY OF REACHING OUT TO THE /3#% S PUBLIC IN ITS HOST COUNTRY "Y THE TIME h6ALUABLE ,INKSv CLOSED ON -AY AFTER THREE MONTHS IN !USTRIA IT HAD BEEN VISITED

0RIME -INISTER 3IMEON 3AXE #OBOURG 'OTHA "ULGARIA S FORMER +ING CENTRE AND .ETHERLANDS !MBASSADOR TO 3OFIA "ARONESS (ENRIETTE VAN ,YNDEN WITH $UTCH #ULTURAL !TTACHÏ *EROEN VAN (EERDE AT THE OPENING OF h6ALUABLE ,INKSv IN 3OFIA 0HOTO COURTESY OF 9ULIANA .IKOLOVA

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BY AS MANY AS PEOPLE INCLUDING BIG GROUPS OF YOUNG PEOPLE 7EEKLY EVENTS WERE ORGANIZED RANGING FROM JEWELLERY WORKSHOPS TO A BRIEFING ON THE /3#% S NEW SECURITY CHALLENGES +AREL 6OSSKàHLER $EPUTY (EAD OF THE .ETHERLANDS DELEGATION TO THE /3#% SAYS THAT THE EVENT ENABLED COUNTRIES TO PRESENT THEMSELVES ON AN EQUAL FOOTING AND THAT IT FIT RIGHT INTO THE MUSEUM S SERIES ON %UROPE S ENLARGEMENT h3OME TRANSITION COUNTRIES WHO OFTEN FIND THEMSELVES HAVING TO CLARIFY THEIR POLITICAL SITUATION OFFERED THE MOST SHINING JEWELS v HE SAYS 4HE FACT THAT NO BENCHMARKS WERE APPLIED APPEALED TO THE .ETHERLANDS %MBASSY S *ACQUELINE 3CHUURMANS WHO ALSO WORKED ON THE PROJECT h%ACH PIECE HAD ITS OWN INTRINSIC VALUE WHETHER ANTIQUE OR AVANTGARDE GOLD OR PERSPEX EXTRAVAGANT

"ELGIUM $ANIEL 7EINBERGER 7HIMSICAL NECKPIECE USING EVERYDAY OBJECTS

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OR SUBDUED SYMBOLIC OR PURELY FOR ADORN MENT v -S 3CHWARZINGER ACKNOWLEDGES HOW EVER THAT AS AN ARTIST SHE ESPECIALLY ADMIRES THE EXCEPTIONAL CRAFTMANSHIP OF THE FILIGREE NECKLACE OF GILDED SILVER AND GLASS STONES BY !ZERBAIJAN S *AMALADDIN %YYUBOV AND THE INGENUITY BEHIND "ELGIAN $ANIEL 7EINBERGER S WHIMSICAL h.ECKLACE )NTERNATIONAL (ARMONYv PIECED TOGETHER FROM THE ARTIST S EVERYDAY SURROUNDINGS h%YYUBOV S PIECE COULD NEVER BE DONE IN THE 7EST AS IT REQUIRES INFINITE PATIENCE AND INTRICATE WORKMANSHIP v SHE SAYS h!S FOR 7EINBERGER S WORK IT CONTAINS THE WHOLE WORLD AND WHEN ) LOOK AT IT ) IMMEDIATELY SEE THE CREATOR S PERSONALITY v Ài ViÊ iÊ jâ Ê ÃÊ>Ê*ÀiÃÃÊ> `Ê*ÕL VÊ v À >Ì Ê ÃÃ ÃÌ> ÌÊ ÊÌ iÊ-iVÀiÌ>À >Ì°

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h)N THE YEARS ) WAS ACTIVE AS A MEMBER OF GOVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT ) HAVE COME TO UNDERSTAND THE NEED FOR CONSENSUAL SOLUTIONS v -S +ONRAD TOLD /3#% PARTICIPATING 3TATES h!ND IN MY POLITICAL WORK AT THE LOCAL LEVEL AND AS THE MANAGER OF AN .'/ FOR MANY YEARS ) VE COME TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF SHARED RESPONSIBILITY v (ERE ARE THE HIGHLIGHTS OF -S +ONRAD S CAREER AFTER STUDYING %NGLISH AND 2OMANCE 0HILOLOGY AT THE +ARL &RANZENS 5NIVERSITY IN 'RAZ AND AT THE 3ORBONNE IN 0ARIS 4EACHER INSTITUTES OF ADULT EDUCATION !DVISER ON TRAINING AND EDUCATION 3TYRIAN #HAMBER OF ,ABOUR -ANAGER 3TYRIAN #ULTURAL )NITIATIVE -EMBER 'RAZ -UNICIPAL #OUNCIL #ITY 0ARLIAMENT -EMBER !USTRIAN &EDERAL 0ARLIAMENT -EMBER &OREIGN 0OLICY #OMMITTEE #ITY #OUNSELLOR 'RAZ -UNICIPAL 'OVERNMENT RESPONSIBLE FOR CHILDREN YOUTH FAMILY SCHOOLS AND HEALTH !USTRIAN &EDERAL -INISTER FOR 7OMEN S )SSUES (EAD !USTRIAN DELEGATION TO THE FOURTH 5NITED .ATIONS 7ORLD #ONFERENCE ON 7OMEN "EIJING (OST lRST %UROPEAN 5NION #ONFERENCE ON 4RAFlCKING IN 7OMEN FOR THE 0URPOSE OF 3EXUAL %XPLOITATION 6IENNA (EAD !USTRIAN DELEGATION TO THE lRST 7ORLD #ONGRESS AGAINST #OMMERCIAL 3EXUAL %XPLOITATION OF #HILDREN 3TOCKHOLM -EMBER !USTRIAN &EDERAL 0ARLIAMENT -EMBER &OREIGN 0OLICY #OMMITTEE #HAIR 3TABILITY 0ACT 4ASK &ORCE ON 4RAFlCKING IN (UMAN "EINGS FOR 3OUTH %ASTERN %UROPE

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!MBASSADOR )VAR +RISTIAN 6IKKI ASSUMED THE POST OF (EAD OF THE /3#% #ENTRE IN !LMATY ON !PRIL SUCCEEDING !MBASSADOR !NTON 2UPNIK FROM 3LOVENIA ! .ORWEGIAN NATIONAL !MBASSADOR 6IKKI SERVED AS $EPUTY (EAD OF THE /3#% -ISSION TO 'EORGIA FROM TO AND AS (EAD OF THE 5NITED .ATIONS (UMAN 2IGHTS /FFICE IN !BKHAZIA 'EORGIA FROM TO h! LESSON THAT HAS STAYED WITH ME AFTER MY EXPERIENCE IN THE #AUCASUS IS THAT ONE MUST BE WILLING TO LISTEN AND TO LEARN v HE SAYS h) WILL TAKE A SIMILAR APPROACH IN SHAPING OUR PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES IN +AZAKHSTAN ENSUR ING THAT THEY ARE FIRMLY UNDER PINNED BY OUR PARTICIPATING 3TATES COMMON VALUES AND COM MITMENTS v )N AND PRIOR TO HIS ASSIGNMENTS IN 'EORGIA HE WAS (EAD OF THE /FFICE FOR THE .ORWEGIAN 2EFUGEE #OUNCIL 5NITED .ATIONS (IGH

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#OMMISSIONER FOR 2EFUGEES IN 6LADIKAVKAZ .ORTH /SSETIA AND THE 2USSIAN &EDERATION !MBASSADOR 6IKKI WAS (EAD OF THE .ORWEGIAN $EFENCE #OMMAND S POLITICO MILITARY SEC TION FROM TO HAVING SERVED AS ITS SENIOR ANALYST FROM TO &ROM TO HE WAS ENGAGED IN RESEARCH IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (E ATTENDED THE .ORWEGIAN &OREIGN -INISTRY S )NTERNATIONAL 4RAINING 0ROGRAMME THE .!4/ $EFENSE #OLLEGE IN 2OME THE .ORWEGIAN 3ENIOR ,EADERSHIP 0ROGRAMME AND THE 2USSIAN STUDIES PROGRAMME IN /DESSA AND 3T 0ETERSBURG ! GRADUATE OF /SLO 5NIVERSITY HE SPECIALIZED IN !MERICAN AND %NGLISH LITERATURE (E ALSO DID EXAMS IN 2USSIAN LITERATURE HIS TORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE !MBASSADOR 6IKKI HAS SERVED AS AN /3#% ELECTION OBSERVER IN THE 2USSIAN &EDERATION "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA !RMENIA AND 'EORGIA

$IDIER &AU A &RENCH NATIONAL HAS BEEN APPOINTED $IRECTOR OF THE /FFICE OF THE 3ECRETARY 'ENERAL SUCCEEDING (ANNIE 0OLLMAN :AAL FROM THE .ETHERLANDS 0RIOR TO JOIN ING THE /3#% ON -AY -R &AU WAS THE &RENCH &OREIGN -INISTRY S !DVISER TO THE 0OLITICAL $IRECTOR ON ' MATTERS AND LATER $IPLOMATIC !DVISER TO THE -INISTER OF %COLOGY AND 3USTAINABLE $EVELOPMENT WITH RESPONSIBILITY FOR %UROPEAN AND INTER NATIONAL AFFAIRS -R &AU S INVOLVE MENT IN THE POLITI CAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF %UROPE S EMERGING DEMOCRACIES START ED IN WHEN HE WAS CHOSEN TO LEAD THE %CONOMY AND 4RANSPORT $EPARTMENT IN THE %UROPEAN !DMINISTRATION OF -OSTAR "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA 4HE APPOINTMENT CAME WHILE HE WAS AT THE HELM OF THE &RENCH -INISTRY OF 4RANSPORT S DEPART MENT IN ,ILLE )N THE FIELD HE HAS SERVED IN THE FOLLOWING HIGH LEVEL ASSIGN MENTS (EAD OF THE %UROPEAN #OMMISSION /FFICE IN %ASTERN 3LAVONIA #ROATIA AND ADVISER TO THE 5NITED .ATIONS FOR RECONSTRUCTION

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MATTERS $EPUTY (IGH 2EPRESENTATIVE FOR %CONOMIC !FFAIRS IN "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA WORKING CLOSE LY WITH (IGH 2EPRESENTATIVE #ARLOS 7ESTENDORP $IRECTOR RESPONSI BLE FOR ECONOMIC MATTERS 7ORKING 4ABLE )) IN THE 3TABILITY 0ACT FOR 3OUTH %ASTERN %UROPE AND THE %UROPEAN 5NION S $EPUTY 3PECIAL 2EPRESENTATIVE FOR !FGHANISTAN BASED IN +ABUL ! GRADUATE OF )NSTITUT DES (AUTES %TUDES DE $ÏFENSE .ATIONALE WITH A DOCTORATE IN PHYS ICS -R &AU STARTED HIS CAREER IN CIVIL DEFENCE FOCUSING ON BLAST EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS (E ONCE HEADED THE &RENCH LABORA TORY FOR NUCLEAR SHELTERS AND WORKED AT THE .EW -EXICO %NGINEERING 2ESEARCH )NSTITUTE IN THE 5NITED 3TATES

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7E ARE VERY IMPRESSED WITH THE NEW LOOK THE IN DEPTH ARTICLES AND INTERVIEWS AND THE EDITO RIAL STANDARDS OF THE NEW /3#% -AGAZINE +EEP UP THE GOOD WORK 7E LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING FUTURE ISSUES #ANADIAN $ELEGATION TO THE /3#% 4HANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THE NEW /3#% -AGAZINE )T HAS A VERY GOOD FORMAT AND VERY INFORMATIVE CONTENTS ) WILL USE IT IN GIVING A SEMINAR ON %UROPE THIS FALL %DWARD ! 4IRYAKIAN 0ROFESSOR OF 3OCIOLOGY $UKE 5NIVERSITY $URHAM .ORTH #AROLINA !S AN EDITOR OF AN ONLINE JOURNAL ON WORLD POLI TICS ) WOULD LIKE TO SEND MY BEST WISHES TO THE /3#% -AGAZINE AND ITS NEW LOOK ) THOUGHT THAT GIVEN THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF YOUR ORGANIZATION YOU MIGHT START A REVIEW SECTION ON BOOKS ABOUT THE /3#% AS WELL AS ON SIGNIFICANT /3#% STUDIES 2ENE 7ADLOW WWW TRANSNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ORG

9OUR PUBLICATION IS VERY USEFUL IN MY RESEARCH WORK AND IN MY TEACHING OF A POSTGRADUATE COURSE ON THE 3OCIOLOGY OF -ILITARY #ONFLICT 6IRGILIO 2 "ELTRÃ&#x2030;N 3ENIOR 3OCIOLOGIST 5NIVERSITY OF "UENOS !IRES ) WOULD LIKE TO CONGRATULATE YOU ON THE LATEST /3#% -AGAZINE FEATURING EDUCATION )T WAS THE FIRST TIME ) READ ABOUT CONCRETE ASPECTS OF THIS MAJOR THEME OF THE "ULGARIAN #HAIRMANSHIP )T IS GOOD TO HAVE A MAGAZINE USING FRANK LANGUAGE !LSO REFRESHING WAS THE INTERVIEW WITH THE OUT GOING 2USSIAN !MBASSADOR !LEXANDER !LEKSEYEV ) WISH YOU WISDOM COURAGE AND A PIONEERING SPIRIT IN THIS IMPORTANT EDITORIAL WORK #OL '3 (ANS %BERHART -ILITARY !DVISER 3WISS $ELEGATION TO THE /3#%

) SENT THE ONLINE LINK OF THE SECOND ISSUE OF THE /3#% -AGAZINE TO VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE #ANADIAN )NTERNATIONAL $EVELOPMENT !GENCY #)$! INCLUDING THE PUBLIC AFFAIRS STAFF JUST TO SHOW THEM THAT THERE ARE PUBLICATIONS WHO GET IT RIGHT 4HEY OFTEN COMPLAIN THAT EVEN WHEN A FEATURE IS DONE ON ONE OF OUR EXPERTS THERE IS USUALLY NO MENTION OF FUNDING AGENCIES SO THANK YOU FOR THE GENEROUS AND IMPRESSIVE COVERAGE AND FOR CREDITING #)$! IN h+OSOVO IMAGESv IN YOUR -AY ISSUE ) WOULD LIKE TO TAKE THE OPPORTUNITY TO INFORM -AGAZINE READERS THAT IN EARLY &EBRUARY IN 3ARAJEVO #ANADIAN !MBASSADOR 3HELLEY 7HITING PRESENTED THE #ANADIAN 0EACEKEEPING 3ERVICE -EDAL TO EIGHT #ANADIANS WHO ARE OR WERE WORKING WITH THE /3#% -ISSION TO "OSNIA AND (ERZEGOVINA "I( AND THE /3#% -ISSION IN +OSOVO /-I+ 4HE RECIPIENTS WERE *O !NNE "ISHOP %DUCATION !DVISER ON !CCESS AND .ON $ISCRIMINATION )SSUES 3ARAJEVO &RANCESCA "INDA THE LAST )NTERNATIONAL $IRECTOR OF %LECTIONS IN THE "I( -ISSION *EFFREY &ORD (UMAN 2IGHTS /FFICER 0RIJEDOR $IANA 2EYNOLDS 2ULE OF ,AW !DVISER 4UZLA +ATHERINE 2EYES 2EGIONAL %DUCATION #O ORDINATOR 4UZLA $ANIEL 3ARACINO 0OLICY AND 0LANNING !DVISER 3ARAJEVO +EVIN 7AITE ,EGAL !DVISER 3ARAJEVO AND 2OBERT "USSE 0ERSONNEL /FFICER /-I+ 'EORGETTE 'AGNON FORMER $IRECTOR FOR (UMAN 2IGHTS IN "I( -ISSION WAS PRESENTED WITH THE SAME -EDAL BY #ANADIAN #HIEF *USTICE "EVERLEY -C,ACHLIN IN .OVEMBER LAST YEAR 'EORGETTE ALSO RECEIVED THE 7ALTER 3 4ARNOPOLSKY !WARD AN ANNUAL REC OGNITION BY THE )NTERNATIONAL #OMMISSION OF *URISTS AND THE #ANADIAN "AR !SSOCIATION TO A #ANADIAN RESIDENT WHO HAS MADE

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)LLUSTRATION 3HPEND +ADA 'RAPHIC $ESIGNER /-I+

AN OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO THE CAUSE OF HUMAN RIGHTS )N THE DECADE LONG HISTORY OF THE AWARD SHE IS THE FIRST WOMAN TO RECEIVE IT AND ALSO THE YOUNGEST &ORMER MEMBERS OF THE +OSOVO -ISSION RECEIVED THEIR 0EACEKEEPING -EDALS FROM THE ,IEUTENANT 'OVERNOR OF "RITISH #OLUMBIA ON *UNE #AROLYN -C#OOL /-I+ S FIRST $IRECTOR OF THE -ITROVICA 2EGION THEN $IRECTOR OF $EMOCRATIZATION -ICHAEL -C)VOR (EAD OF )NDEPENDENT -EDIA 3UPPORT THEN 3ENIOR !DVISER FOR THE -EDIA AND #LAIRE 4REVENA 3POKESPERSON (EAD OF 0RESS AND 0UBLIC )NFORMATION "ERNARD 6RBAN CURRENTLY /-I+ S $EPUTY 3POKESPERSON WAS AMONG THE MEDAL RECIPIENTS EARLIER THIS YEAR 4HE #ANADIAN 0EACEKEEPING 3ERVICE -EDAL WAS ESTABLISHED IN TO RECOGNIZE THE PEACEKEEPING WORK OF #ANADIANS DEPLOYED OUTSIDE THE COUNTRY UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE 'OVERNMENT )T WAS ORIGINALLY AWARDED ONLY TO THOSE IN THE POLICE AND MILITARY BUT THE HONOUR HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO #ANADIAN CIVILIANS SERVING IN /3#% MISSIONS IN "I( AND +OSOVO *UST SOME BACKGROUND 7HEN #)$! DECIDED TO SECOND #ANADIANS TO THE +OSOVO 6ERIFICATION -ISSION AN EXECUTING AGENCY WAS ASSIGNED TO RECRUIT AND DEPLOY CIVILIANS TO CIVIL IAN PEACEKEEPING ASSIGNMENTS ON #)$! S BEHALF #URRENTLY THAT AGENCY IS 7ORLD 5NIVERSITY 3ERVICE OF #ANADA -ARIANNE 7IGHTMAN -ANAGER "ALKANS #IVILIAN $EPLOYMENT 0ROJECT 7ORLD 5NIVERSITY 3ERVICE OF #ANADA /TTAWA WWW WUSC CA EXPERTISE PROJECTS BALKANS

/3#% -AGAZINE