En tryggere framtid for ungdom i Nigeria Peacefully fighting the world’s largest oil disaster with environmental education for youth in Nigeria
Applicants: Natur og Ungdom and Naturvernforbundet Contact person: Helga Lerkelund, Naturvernforbundet hl@naturvernforbundet.no, 99424047 Topic: Environment, education and sustainable development Partner country: Nigeria
1. Concerning the Norwegian applicants 1.1 The applicant organization’s experience in working with youth and youth participation Naturvernforbundet (NNV) is a nationwide, democratic environmental organization, with 23 000 members, 100 local groups and representation in all counties. Naturvernforbundet is the national chapter of Friends of the Earth International, the world's largest grassroots environmental network. Naturvernforbundet support environmental projects in Togo, Mozambique, Nigeria, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia and Russia and our main scope is energy, climate and education. Natur og Ungdom (NU) is the youth chapter of Naturvernforbundet and work as an independent and autonomous organization. Natur og Ungdom has 7500 members between 13 and 25 and 70 local groups throughout the country. Natur and Ungdom do extensive work to mobilize youth in Norway for the environmental cause, and train and motivate youth for participation in direct actions and advocacy work all over the country. Naturvernforbundet runs what is probably the world’s biggest educational project on efficient energy use for children and youth between 10 and 16 – the SPARE project (School Project on Application of Resources and Energy). During the last three years, 5000 schools and 300 000 pupils have participated in the project annually, and 10 000 teachers have received training in energy and climate issues. The project has run for many years in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The main idea of SPARE is education and involvement of youth in solving important environmental problems with impact on local, national and global level. We particularly aim to involve youth in practical energy measures at schools and in local communities. Since 2015, our African partners have also started to develop SPARE in Kenya, Togo, Mozambique and Nigeria. 1.2 The Norwegian applicant organizations’ information and campaign work Naturvernforbundet and Natur og Ungdom are both nationwide, member based organizations, with wide national networks of local and county groups. We have interested and active members and volunteers who will participate in the campaign work, and who will be mobilized and contribute to campaign activities and presentations at schools. Through our local groups we can easily access local media and local population around the campaign, and both organizations holds thorough expertize in work with mass media outreach. The main environmental protection activity of Naturvernforbundet is on national level, where public outreach and information is a substantial part of this work. Naturvernforbundet is the environmental organization 1
in Norway with highest visibility in national mass media. Similarly Natur og Ungdom holds wide experience in information work, and the organization is particularly good at organizing and creating attention around specific campaigns. During the Operation Days Work (ODW) campaign both organizations will have possibilities to cooperate closely with ODW, and will provide the necessary work capacity. 1.3 Rationale for choice of local partner, Environmental Rights Action Nigeria has a vast amount of NGOs, of which many work with petroleum related issues. However, only a few environmental NGOs are in a position to influence national authorities and at the same time secure a strong foothold in the affected communities. Environmental Rights Action (ERA) is one of these organizations. ERA was established in Nigeria in 1993 and is member of the international Friends of the Earth network. They have 25 employees, about 2000 volunteers, well over 10 000 members and support their youth organization Students Environmental Assembly Nigeria (SEAN). SEAN is a student oriented environmental organization with its primary focus to empower students to become the ultimate champion for environmental justice. SEAN currently exists in 19 school institutions in Nigeria and is member of the Young Friends of the Earth network. Naturvernforbundet has cooperated with ERA since 2008 and support the organization through the projects “Oilwatch” and “Clean Energy in Africa”, focusing mainly on oil affected communities in the Niger Delta. Natur og Ungdom cooperate closely with SEAN, and their representatives have visited Natur og Ungdom’s summer camp and other events many times. In 2014, representatives from SEAN travelled around Norway and held presentations in Norwegian schools together with Natur og Ungdom about the difficult situation in the Niger Delta. ERA is supporting communities in the oil affected areas in the Niger Delta, and are acknowledged and trusted both by the governmental authorities and the local population. Legitimacy in the communities has been built up over two decades. The high level of distrust towards oil companies has made it important for ERA to distance themselves from the oil companies, but at the same time to keep close contacts with national and local authorities. This balancing act is often difficult, but important and has enabled ERA to continue their project activities in the affected communities for more than 20 years, despite the violent conflicts. ERA is taken seriously by national authorities in spite of their criticism of the government climate and energy policy. One example of this is that the ERA chairman, Nnimmo Bassey, was invited by President Buhari to be the sole NGO-representative in the oversight committee for the large Ogoni clean up. Bassey is also internationally recognized having received the Right Livelihood award (2010), the Rafto Prize (2012) and being listed as Time Magazine Hero’s of the Environment (2009). In 1998 ERA received the Sofie Prize for its work in Nigeria. With the experience ERA has developed through the years of cooperation, we consider our partner highly competent to implement their part of the project obligations and the activities described in the project application. Together we have the best possibilities to promote issues around environmental degradation and the situation for youth in these countries. 1.4 Involvement of youth and responsibilities of NNV and NU It will be appointed a project board consisting of four representatives, two from NU and two from NNV. The project board will supervise the implementation, and regularly discuss project progress and take appropriate action to modify the implementation strategy when needed. The power of alloca-
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tion of fund lay with the project board. The project manager will be placed in the international department of Naturvernforbundet. The project manager will be responsible for the daily operations, coordination and implementation of activities. The project manager will meet as a secretary in the project board. Natur og Ungdom will play an active role to ensure that the voice of youth are included in project design and decision-making processes related to the program. This will be done in close dialogue with SEAN. Natur og Ungdom will also be main responsible for the development of the school campaign together with ODW and held most of the presentations in the Norwegian schools. 1.5 The Norwegian applicant organization’s role in relation to the local partners Both ERA and SEAN have participated actively in development of the project proposal. To ensure participation of youth, a coordinator from SEAN has taken responsibility for the development of the application in cooperation with two other representatives from SEAN. There is broad agreement that if implemented effectively, the program can be an important contribution to improve the conditions for young people in the Niger Delta. ERA will be main responsible for the project implementation in the target areas, while SEAN will assist in development of the education program and activities. Naturvernforbundet and Natur og Ungdom will backstop and advice on the implementation. Project managers from ERA and a coordinator from SEAN will be responsible to ensure direct involvement of youth and establish necessary cooperation with schools, authorities and other relevant stakeholders. The monitoring and evaluation of the program will be done regularly with involvement of the pupils participating in the program. In this way, we will ensure that the opinions and needs of the youth “on ground” are taken into account. ERA will report on finances and activities to Naturvernforbundet. 1.6 Project and financial management Naturvernforbundet operate programs and projects with support from NORAD and Ministry of Foreign Affairs as well as other donors in 6 countries, and have adopted professional and wellfunctioning routines for project management and financial administration of our projects. All of our partners are required to use ISA 805 certified external auditor to receive money from Naturvernforbundet. We have developed ethical and anti-corruption guidelines, as well as management routines. The financial and management routines of Naturvernforbundet were evaluated by NORAD in 2015 with good results. Their evaluation report concluded that our routines are in line with the project obligations and their expectations as donor. Our partner organization ERA has well-functioning routines for financial management, which are established through many years of project management in cooperation with Naturvernforbundet and several other big donors. They are well aware of local challenges regarding corruption and mismanagement of funding, and have established routines to prevent this. ERA has an annual budget of 7 million Norwegian kroner and receive project support from a number of organizations in the US and Europe. Naturvernforbundet support the organization with about 2 million annually through the project “Oilwatch” and “Clean Energy in Africa.” If we do get a program from ODW, the money flow will increase and management and control routines will have to be adapted to the new level of activity.
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1.7 Budget Activity
Environmental Rights Action (ERA)
NNV/NU capacity build. (8%)
Total
Total (5 year)
PEACE-training
700 000
120000
820 000,00
4100000
Monitoring oil spills
600 000
10000
610 000,00
3050000
Development of teacher training
200000
120 000
320 000,00
1600000
1 010 000
50000
1 060 000,00
5300000
400000
0
400 000,00
2000000
1092000
68000
1 160 000,00
5800000
4 002 000
368000
4 370 000,00
21850000
Administration NNV (5%)
0
230000
230 000,00
1150000
Total adm
0
230000
230 000,00
1150000
Total NOK
4 002 000
598000
4 600 000,00
23000000
Teacher training Startup-fund for RE Entrepreneur training Total partner
2. Concerning the thematic framework of the program and the projects 2.1 Main objective and expected results Our main objective is that youth from selected oil affected areas in the Niger Delta have become positive change agents for their local communities. In a long term perspective, people from oil affected communities in the Niger Delta have improved their living conditions. 2.2 Sub-objectives/expected results -
Youth have got practical training and knowledge about sustainable energy solutions Youth have got improved learning conditions Youth have been able to establish work opportunities in their local communities Youth have achieved knowledge in the work to clean up and reduce oil pollution
2.3 Target group The main target group of the program will be youth in junior secondary school (12-14) and secondary school (15-19) from the oil affected communities Iwherekan, Ikarama and Goi in the Niger Delta state in Nigeria. Teachers and parents will be important secondary target groups. During the whole project period, approximately 40 public schools will be involved. In total, 150 teachers will be trained and 10 000 pupils will take part in the education program for the entire project cycle. 2.4 Rational for choice of topic Our choice of topic is elaborated in close cooperation with our local partners working actively in the Niger Delta. After more than 50 years with repeated oil spills, the environment and the farm land in
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the Niger Delta has been considerably damaged, and the Delta is considered to be one of the most environmentally damaged areas in the world. The mangrove forest is dead, the farm land, rivers and drinking water are polluted and peoples’ health is affected. The damages caused by oil spills force people to abandon their traditional ways of income generating activities, which are usually agriculture or fisheries. The result is that the population in the Niger Delta become poorer, with subsequent consequences such as lack of ability to pay school fees for their children. The public schools in the Niger Delta suffer from low funding from the government in combination with lack of or delayed payment of school fee from parents. This results in poor learning conditions for the pupils. The schools often lack qualified teachers, electricity for light and modern technologies as well as necessary teaching material. Dropouts are quite common. According to Unicef (2012), about 7,3 million school children dropped out of schools in Nigeria in 2008, of which 62% were girls. For the age 12-14 years, approximately one fourth of the school children dropped out of school. Increased poverty and poor learning conditions makes school children in the Niger Delta especially vulnerable to end up without proper education. For those who graduate, lack of job opportunities are an important obstacle to improve their livelihood. An estimated 34 percent of those under 31 years of age in the Niger Delta are registered as unemployed, but the numbers may be even higher due to poor record keeping. Disillusioned youth from the Niger Delta left without proper education, source of income or future prospect makes them an easy target for militant groups in the area. Young boys are recruited to fight for the injustice through widespread violence, kidnappings, killings and attacks on oil infrastructure. The girls provide undercover intelligence for the militants and serves as sex workers. School drop-out is the common rule when they become pregnant. Our proposed solution is to educate youth, build their capacity and help them acquire useful skills on how they can improve their own situation, avoid ending up affiliated to the militant groups, and instead become key persons for peaceful and positive change in their local communities. 2.5 Activities/What we will do: In cooperation with public schools, teachers, parents and local authorities, we want to develop an educational program that aims to provide knowledge on practical solutions to the poor learning and living situation in the Niger Delta. The education program will be implemented during a five yearperiod and consist of three main modules: 1) 2) 3)
Practical training of teachers and pupils on clean and reliable energy services Entrepreneurship and small scale business opportunities The PEACE-program: Protection of Equality, Agriculture, Communities and Environment
1)
Practical training on clean and reliable energy services
The first module of our education program will be to educate youth on practical solutions for clean and reliable energy services. Energy access is increasingly seen as a vital catalyst to wider social and economic development, enabling education, health, sustainable agriculture and job creation. Clean energy production is particularly important to enable local business innovation and create a more vibrant economy for communities and countries, while providing societal benefits as well. Lack of
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access to electricity and no possibility to benefit from digital learning leaves an increasing number of youth in rural regions behind. Even reading a paper textbook is a challenge after dark, due to the lack of proper lighting. Our partner organization ERA will be responsible to develop the training program for teachers and ensure that the program is included in the school lessons. Through the project “clean energy” they are already running pilot-projects with six schools in Edo, Delta, and Bayelsa states in the Niger Delta. Clean energy is included in the curricula for public schools in Nigeria, but there are no further directions on how to include it in the education, no educational materials and the teachers have very little knowledge on the topic. By providing information, practical training and teaching material, we will ensure that the pupils do not only learn about this topic in theory, but also how it can be implemented in real life. By improving the learning conditions in schools and teach practical skills, we aim to increase youth motivation and reduce the amount of school drop outs. The practical part will include how to build smoke-free and energy efficient stoves made from local materials, how to replace kerosene lamps with cheaper, cleaner and better solar light for studying and how a family can get access to a minimum of electricity for information and communication technologies. This requires as little as 0,1 kWh/week, which can be provided with a cost efficient micro solar system. The practical skills obtained by the teachers will be used in the lessons for school children in junior secondary schools and secondary schools. By demonstrating new and alternative technology, the selected schools will be hubs for promotion of clean and reliable energy solutions that may benefit the whole community. At the same time, the learning conditions in the schools will also be improved by installing solar panels and lamps providing bright light and information and communication technology (ICT) in the selected schools. 2. Entrepreneurship and small scale business opportunities The second module of the education program will focus on how to create job opportunities for youth within the field of renewable energy services. The objective is to empower youth to establish a business by providing improved access to clean and modern energy services outside the power network in the Niger Delta and bring the benefit of recent technological development and improved knowledge to their local communities. The main target group will be students in the last year of secondary school (18-19 years old) who are about to graduate. The youth entrepreneurs will learn how to build up local business activities based on offering new energy solutions that lower the energy cost of the families and at the same time provide better service and new possibilities. Examples of technologies they can distribute are 5 Volt Micro Solar Systems, which can give 10-15 times brighter light and possibilities to charge phones and other appliances, and costs less than the traditional kerosene lamp. Similarly, simple, locally made improved clay stoves provide 40-60 % fuel saving, and a chimney takes the smoke out of the kitchen. The fuel savings, compared to the traditional “three-stone fire” or iron stoves for charcoal makes this an attractive alternative. These are both well proven and reliable technologies, that from our experience are well received when introduced, but which are far from common in the Niger Delta now. The youth will get training on different aspects regarding production and maintenance of the products, promotion, marketing and business models. To make the youth entrepreneurs successful, the education will be implemented in close cooperation with the target schools combined with involvement of the communities at large. We will also establish a “start up”-fund so that the 6
entrepreneurs can apply for credit in the initial phase of their small scale business. In this way, we will ensure that the entrepreneurs have access to renewable energy products and/or materials needed for their small scale business, despite lack of initial financing. The products provided by the entrepreneurs will be affordable for the vast majority of the population, in order to ensure sustainability and wide dissemination. The entrepreneurs will be closely followed up by ERA through the project, and they will also support in acquisition of PV (solar) equipment, and ensure that the selection of products and services provided by the entrepreneurs is of good quality. 3)
PEACE-Program (Protection of Equality, Agriculture, Communities and Environment)
The PEACE-program is a training program where youth from oil affected areas learn how they can become agents for positive change in their local communities without weapons in their hands. The youth participating in the program will be volunteers from the target schools and dropout pupils recruited by ERA and SEAN. Through the PEACE-program, youth will get training in democratic rights, how to participate in local and regional decision making processes, conflict management, civic responsibility and watchdog activity. They will also develop skills on how to monitor and report on oil spills and on restoration of degraded land and water. Our partner organization ERA will in cooperation with SEAN be responsible to develop and implement the training program based on their previous work and experience. For more than ten years, ERA has implemented a number of trainings on democratic principles, corporate responsibility, transparency and legal rights for grown up citizens in the target area. They have also long experience from cooperation with local communities on monitoring and reporting of oil spills. Trained field experts are making reports and they have also developed a “green line” where local people can report if and when an oil spill occurs in their village. As a result, the oil companies are now able to stop the oil spills faster than earlier. There is a good opportunity for youth to be involved in this work, be active and learn how to raise their voices against the violations from the oil companies, and learn how to ensure that the clean up processes will succeed. The PEACE-program also aims to engage local youth not attending school due to loss of motivation, lack of school fee (funding) or other reasons. By including drop out pupils in the program, we believe that vulnerable youth should be given an opportunity to develop personal skills and be included in community activities.
3. Context analysis and risk factors Nigeria is by far the largest oil producing country in Africa. It’s heavily dependent on petroleum with 75 percent of the country’s consolidated budgetary revenues coming from the petroleum sector (WB 2016). Nigeria’s oil reserves correspond to 2.2 percent of global reserves. (BP 2016). This project is to a large extent directed towards the Niger Delta which provides 90 % of foreign exchange earnings. Despite that Nigeria is considered a rich country; the money has not been benefiting the majority of the population. About 80% of the population is poor and 62% is living in extreme poverty1. The recent slump in global oil prices has hit Nigeria hard and the country is now officially in recession. Control and exploitation of petroleum resources and natural resource management have been central for the outbreak and continuation of intrastate conflicts in the country. The conflict between the
1
http://www.globalis.no/Land/Nigeria/(show)/indicators
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military and the armed group Boko Haram in northern Nigeria is ongoing, causing suffering and serious violation of human rights in the area. At the same time armed groups in the Niger Delta in southern Nigeria (eg. Niger Delta Avengers) have been in conflict with the government since early 2000. With government mobilization to tackle Boko Haram, less attention has been put towards the situation in the Niger Delta. Niger Delta is an oil-rich region in southern Nigeria inhabited by more than 31 million people. It is composed of nine states that have been marred by widespread crude oil inflicted damages, violence, kidnappings for ransom and clashes between aggrieved youth (whose plight was tagged Militancy) and the army since the early 2000s. The term Niger Delta Militants originated in the early 2000s following the deterioration of the living conditions of people living in oil-rich areas due to the increase of oil-related activities by foreign oil corporations. Tensions between foreign oil corporations in the region and local communities arose as a result of ethnic groups feeling that they are being exploited and can not benefit by the presence of oil in the area. Civil society organizations can play an important role as mediator in such difficult contexts. Close collaboration with non-militant, traditional communities has proven to be an important foothold in the Niger Delta for our partners. Helping to link these communities to national and regional policy development is helping to maintain democratic governance in the conflict areas. Communities in the Niger Delta face a range of obstacles to secure sustainable development. With 70 percent of the Niger Delta population living of natural resources, the enormous oil contamination of the area result in large human suffering, as it influence traditional fisheries, agriculture and forestry activities. Official government figures show that there are more than 1000 oil spills happening each year in the Niger Delta. More than half of these are coming from activities related to two oil companies: Shell and ENI. In 2015, Royal Dutch Shell and the Italian multinational oil giant ENI admitted to more than 550 oil spills in the Niger Delta in 2014 alone. In Bodo community, two oil spills from Shell facilities affected more than 15 000 fishermen in the area. There is also a large problem with sabotage from illegal tapping of pipelines. The position of Naturvernforbundet and partners is that it is the oil-companies responsibility to secure these pipelines. Ironically, energy poverty is another huge challenge in Nigeria. Currently, more than 70% of the population (170 million people) lack access to stable electricity supply. Without electricity, youth in the Niger Delta are deprived of the possibility to learn about and benefit from new technology, and their ability to study or perform productive activities after dark is reduced. This, combined with wide use of highly inefficient “three-stone fires” for cooking, and fuel hungry Kerosene lamps for lighting, creates a multitude of health, social and economic challenges. Given the inefficiency of these solutions, they are also unnecessarily costly for the users. Rising prices and longer distances to walk for collection of wood – mainly by women and girls – increases time, money and energy expenses for running the household. With the high price paid by low income households, both in health and currency, for the limited energy services they actually utilize, it is a commercial opportunity in the Niger Delta to offer improved solutions at a lower price. Despite the difficult political context, there has been some positive development in the Niger Delta during the recent years. In 2011, UNEP managed for the first time to start and implement a two year long fieldwork to investigate the negative consequences of the oil pollution in Ogoni, one of the most impacted areas in the Niger Delta. Based on the conclusions from this report, the oil companies and
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government have now agreed on the clean up process and payment. President Buhari has also shown increased willingness by the government to tackle negative environmental effects of the petroleum sector, expressed in visions for improved enforcement of gas-flaring restrictions and cleaning up of oil spills in Ogoniland in the Niger Delta. There are also grand governmental visions to tackle corruption within the oil industry. These signals give opportunities, and hope, that policy changes can be made within the oil industry. 3.1 Risk factors related to project management and implementation Nigeria is a challenging country to operate in and we found it important even at this early stage to provide a risk analysis as part of the application process. As a result, a number of important risk factors have been identified that may have impact on the project management and implementation. In close cooperation with ERA and representatives from SEAN we have discussed both external and internal risks (please see attachment 1). We define external risk as factors outside our own/the organizations control (political/economical/social) while the internal risks have been identified as risk factors related to own project design and management. In the following section we will provide a brief summary of the most important identified risks and measures to handle these risks. Escalation of conflict in the project area may challenge the possibility for ERA to implement project activities and monitor these activities. Close connection to local communities, authorities and civil society organizations in the target area have enabled ERA to continue project activities during the last 20 years despite changes in conflict level. As a result, we believe that the negative impact for project implementation itself is considered as low. Another challenge however may be that escalation of conflict in the project area reduce the possibility for ODW and NNV to travel to the field and implement monitoring. At the moment, this risk is considered as middle to low. As a result of the close relationship between ERA and local communities, our local partner have been able to secure the safety for donors, journalists, photographers, lawyers and international politicians visiting the area during the last decade. They have developed good routines for acquisition of accurate information about the level of risk and the safety is continuously evaluated. This has enabled Naturvernforbundet to regularly visit and monitor our projects since 2008. If, in worst case scenario the situation become too risky for foreigners to visit the field area, it will be necessary for ERA to take more responsibility to implement monitor activities and reporting in close cooperation and follow up from NNV. One of the questions to our concept note by ODW was how to secure the safety for youth participating in our program. Our partners consider the risk for youth participating in the program as low. Most of the activities in the program will be implemented as part of the formal school education. The schools have traditionally not been a target for the militant groups and it is considered safe to attend school in the Niger Delta. The state of insecurity in the region has in the most intense periods resulted in closure of some primary and secondary schools, especially those that are situated in the creeks of the riverine parts of the region. During the recent years however, there has been a considerable improvement of the situation and reopening of the schools. Some of the school children still have to go to school in neighbouring villages or migrate to the bigger cities to attend school. In worst case scenario, if some of the target schools in the project will be forced to close, we will either continue the project with fewer schools or start up at the neighbouring schools. Rather than increasing the
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insecurity for youth participating in the program, we believe that the activities will increase the motivation for youth to stay in school. In this way, we may reduce the risk of dropout pupils ending up on “wrong paths”. Similarly, the risk of participating in the PEACE-program is considered as low. The target for militant groups in Nigeria is mainly oil workers, politicians and rich/foreigners, not the local population. The monitoring activities conducted by ERA are welcomed both by the national authorities, local communities and the oil companies. Although illegal tapping from the pipelines is a problem in the Niger Delta, the youth participating in the program will in no circumstances confront these people. Instead, they will spread knowledge to the general public about the impacts of oil pollution and how the livelihood conditions may be improved. Nigeria faces severe challenges with corruption. In Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index, Nigeria is number 31 from the bottom. As described earlier in this application, ERA has developed good management and project routines to avoid corruption within their own organization. It is important however, to acknowledge that they are operating in a society marred by corrupt governmental officials asking for money to give necessary permissions and regular police check point expecting a little extra. In this situation, the staff of ERA are obliged to follow zero-tolerance. They are also following strict corruption guidelines to prevent nepotism when implementing project activities in the field. This means that ERA is not only responsible to ensure that the guidelines are followed within own organization – they are also responsible to ensure that this will not happen when cooperating with local authorities, school administration and the local communities. In combination with the monitoring and capacity building from Naturvernforbundet we consider the risk of corruption related to the ODW project activities as low.
4. Gender equality and inclusion of vulnerable groups All projects implemented by Naturvernforbundet should promote equality for all groups, independent of gender, abilities, sexual orientation, age, ethnicity or religion. ERA’s gender officer will be responsible to ensure that the equality perspective is included in all processes of the ODW-program. Based on previous project experience, specific gender-strategies will be developed for the education program to ensure participation of both girls and boys. A special sensitization strategy towards the teachers, parents and local community on the importance for both genders to attend will be developed. For example, we will ensure that girls develop the same practical skills as the boys in schools and equally will be able to develop their own small scale business after they have graduated. The amount of dropout pupils is higher for girls than boys in Nigeria. This issue need to be addressed both when developing the education program for schools and also when recruiting volunteers for the PEACE-program. Through the ODW-project we will also ensure that there is a fair representation of youth with disabilities participating in the program by including this aspect in the teacher training and invite organizations working for disabled to take part in the development of the education program and project design. The entrepreneur training may for example pay especial tension on how to facilitate the small scale business training with adaptation to special needs. In order to improve the learning conditions for youth with disabilities, we will also implement individual interviews with these pupils and their parents to find out what kind of equipment and facilitation is needed in the target schools in order for them to participate actively.
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