გლობალიზაცია და ეკონომიკის მდგრადი განვითარების პერსპექტივები

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to western markets, the process of political reform. In bilateral trade between the CEE countries an important factor expansion of markets is the lack of language barriers, common border, common historical traditions and agreement on trade liberalization. The investigation of specialization and quality of exports in three groups in Central and Eastern Europe [3], divides three levels of quality improvement. The first level reflects the transition from low-to high-tech industries. The second dimension involves the transition to high-quality products within the same industry. The third dimension is accented on improving product quality in high-quality segment of one industry. In general, all groups of countries have shown significant improvement in export performance, however, the important differences between the five countries of Central European and other countries were found. Whereas, increase in 1-st group occurred in all three dimensions, in the second and third groups the "trap of low quality" was observed in the second dimension. Thus, Bulgaria, Romania and the Baltic countries showed an increasing trend of specialization in low-quality segments of the high-tech industries, which was confirmed by regression analysis. For analysis and comparison of CEE exports the index of export efficiency was calculated [10], according to which the classification of countries in terms of high, medium and poor performance was suggested. The index includes four criteria: the total value of exports in dollars, the share of CIS countries in exports, exports of manufactured products to OECD countries and the manufactured exports to these countries as a percent of GDP. Among the countries with high export efficiency were Visegrad countries and Estonia, with medium performance – Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia and Romania. The CIS countries were placed in group with low efficiency of export. The example of Eastern Europe shows that focus on demand of EU market promotes the diffusion of advanced technologies, actively promotes the production of goods with high added value, and improves the position in world markets in general. Basic mechanisms of state policy of manufactured exports development of European countries are presented in Table 1. Among the important factors of favorable structural changes research revealed the export subsidies, improving of quality, involving technological imports and investments into infrastructure. Table 1 Government measures of manufactured export development The effectiveness of industrial policy and government measures for manufactured export support remains controversial [3, 4]. The success of technological export stimulation policies was confirmed by free Policy of economic zones and temporary subsidies [6, 14]. administrative Changing international economic environment complicates the use of export promotion compensatory measures for the development of exports, so in the competition on the market higher importance is related with the increase of manufacturability and quality [6]. Objectives, The key priority is the elimination of quantitative restrictions such as export sequence and license, embargo and the restrictions on imported components for production of duration of trade technological products for export. The introduction of trade reforms should be gradual reforms [13]. For developing countries in foreign markets significant obstacles can occur for non-compliance with international norms, which requires higher quality and deeper processing products [4]. For countries with low income it is important to introduce duty-free access to External foreign markets and the elimination of quotas to increase the import of equipment and factors investment attractiveness [8] For developing countries the priority is to use revenues from exports to investment in infrastructure and training of the workforce [7].

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