Prayers – Paidreacha Sign of the Cross – Comhartha na Croise In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. In ainm an Athar agus an Mhic agus an Spioraid Naoimh. Amen. (in ann-um un ah-hir ah-gus on vick ah-gus on speerad nayfah. Ahmen.) Our Father – Ár nAthair Our Father, Who art in heaven Hallowed be Thy Name; Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen. Ár nAthair atá ar neamh, go naofar d'ainm Go dtaga do ríocht Go ndéantar do thoil ar an talamh mar a dhéantar ar neamh. ár n-arán laethúil tabhair dúinn inniu Agus maith dúinn ár bhfiacha Mar a mhaithimidne ár bhféichiúna féin Agus ná lig sinn i gcathú ach saor sinn ó olc. Amen. (Awr NAW-har, ahTAW err nyav, Guh nayfor DAH-nim Guh dawgah duh REE-uckt, Guh Nyane-ter duh hull ER un duh-luv, Mohr ah JANE-ter er nyav.
Awr nah-rawn LAY-hool tower doo-in in-you, Ah-gus maw doo-in awr VEE-cha Mor a WHA-heh-meed-nuh dawr VAYCK-hoona fane, Ah-gus naw ligg shinn ee GAW-hoo Och sho-ar shinn on holk, Ah-men) Hail Mary - An tÁivé Máiria Hail Mary, full of grace. Our Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen. 'Sé do bheatha, a Mhuire, atá lán de ghrásta, tá an Tiarna leat. Is beannaithe thú idir mná Agus is beannaithe toradh do bhroinne, íosa. A Naomh-Mhuire, a Mháthair Dé, guigh orainn na peacaigh, Anois agus ar uair ár mbáis. Amen. (Shay du VAH-ha, a WIR-rah, uh-TAW lawn de GRAWS-uh Taw un TEER-nuh lat. Iss baniheh HOO har MHRAH Ah-gus iss baniheh TOR-ruh duh vrinneh EE-sa. Ah Nayuv wirra, ah wahir JAY, Gwee OHR-inn nuh PAH-kee, Ah-NISH ah-gus er OO-wer ahr MAWsh. Ah-men.)
THE GLORY BE - Glóir don Athair Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen. Glóire don Athair, don Mhac, Agus don Spiorad Naoimh, Mar a bhí ó thús, mar atá anois Agus mar a bheas go bráith, trí shaol na saol. Amen (GLOHR-ruh dun AH-her, AH-gus dun WHAK, AH-gus dun SPEER-rud nayfuh, mahr vee err duish, mahr a-TAW ah-nish, Ah-gus mahr uh VYASS guh BRAWH, tree sale nuh sale. Ah-men)
The Rosary - Coróin Mhuire The Joyful mysteries - Na Cúig Shólás The Annunciation - Teachtaireacht an Aingil The Visitation Cuairt Mhuire ar Naomh Éilís Birth of Our Lord Breith ár dTiarna Presentation in the Temple Toirbhirt an Leanbh Íosa sa Teampall Finding in the Temple Íosa i measc na n-ollúna The Illuminative Mysteries - Na Cúig Mistéirí Geala The Baptism of Jesus Baisteadh Íosa Marriage Feast at Cana -
Pósadh ag Céana Proclamation of the KingdomTeacht Riochta The Transfiguration A t-Athrú (Gné) Institution of the Eucharist An Suipéar Deireanach The Sorrowful mysteries - Na Cúig Dhólas The Agony in the Garden - An tAllas Fola. The Scourging at the Pillar - Sciúrsáil Íosa ar an bpiléar. The Crowning with Thorns - Corónú ár dTiarna le dealga. The Carrying of the Cross - Íosa ag iompar na Croise. The Crucifixion - An Céasadh. The Glorious mysteries - Na Cúig Bhua The Resurrection - Aiséirí ár Slánaitheora The Ascension - An Deasgabháil The Descent of the Holy Spirit Teacht an Spioraid Naoimh anuas ar na hAspail The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Deastógáil na Maighdine Muire suas ar neamh The Coronation of the Blessed Virgin Mary Corónú na Maighdine Muire ar neamh Start by making the sign of the Cross: In the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. In ainm an Athar agus an Mhic agus an Spioraid Naoimh. Amen. (in on-im on ah-her ah-gus on vick ah-gus on sprid nave) Then recite the Creed:
The Apostles Creed - Cré na n-Aspal I believe in God, the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth, and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died and was buried; he descended into hell; on the third day he rose again from the dead; he ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty; from there he will come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting. Amen. Creidim i nDia, an tAthair uilechumhachtach Cruthaitheoir neimhe agus talún; agus in Íosa Críost, a aon Mhacsan,ár Tiarna, a ghabhadh ón Spiorad Naomh, a rugadh ó Mhuire Ógh; a d'fhulaing páis faoi Phointius Píoláit, a céasadh ar chrois, a fuair bás agus a adhlacadh; a chuaigh síos go hIfreann, a d'éirigh an treas lá ó mhairbh; a chuaigh suas ar neamh; atá ina shuí ar dheis Dé, An tAthair uilechumhachtach; As sin tiocfaidh sé chun breithiúnas a thabhairt ar bheo agus ar mhairbh. Creidim sa Spiorad Naomh, sa Naomh-Eaglais chaitliceach, i gcomaoin na naomh;
i maithiúnas na bpeacaí in aiséirí na colainne, agus sa bheatha shíoraí. Áméin KRAY nuh NASSpil KRAY-jim in YEEah ah TAH-hir ILLi-HOO-a-tah KRUH-hee-hur NAY-ve Ah-gus TAH-lun Ah-gus in EE-sa KREE-st a AYN-wak-sin ARE GEER-na ah GO-oo ohn SPIRR-ad NEE-ahv ah RUG-oo OH WIRR-ah ohg ah DOOL-ing PAH-sh FwEE - FAWN-chus PEE-latch ah KAY-soo AHR HREES a FOO-ir BAHSS is Ah-gus AH-LA-CO ah WHO-ee SHEE-is guh HIF-RAN ah GEE-REE a TRAHS LAH oh WAHR-oo ah WHO-ee SOO-as ahr NYOW ATAH na HEE ahr YESH JAY a TAH-hir ILLi-WHOO-a-tah ass shin CHUCK-hee shay hun BRAY-WHO-nas ah WHORE-ch air VyOH Ah-gus air WAR-iv KRAY-jim suh SPIRR-ad NEE-uv suh NEE-uv-EH-glash HAW-ch-LICK-ah i GOM-EEN nuh NEE-uv im Y-WHOO-nus na BACK-ee i NASH-ree - nuh CULL-inn-ye Ah-gus suh VAH-ha HEE-ree Then say 1 "Our Father", 3 "Hail Mary's" for the virtues of Faith, Hope and Charity; and then 1 "Glory Be": While meditating on the Mysteries, recite: 1 "Our Father" 10 "Hail Mary's" and 1 "Glory Be" for each Mystery.
After each Mystery the "Fatima Prayer" is said. O my Jesus - Ó a Íosa O my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fire of hell, lead all souls to heaven, especially those who are in most need of Thy mercy. Ó a Íosa , maith dhúinn ár bpeacaí, saor sinn ó thine ifrinn, agus stiúir anam gach n-aon go flaithis Dé, go háirithe iad súd atá i bhfíor-ghéarghá do thrócaire.
Toradh beannaithe do bhroinne, A Mhaighdean Mhuire ró-thrócaireach, ró-ghrámhar, ró-mhilis. V. Guigh orainn a naomh-Mháthair Dé R. Ionas gur fiú sinn gealltanais Chríost a fháil. Final Prayer - Paidir deanach Let us pray. O God, whose only begotten Son, by His life, death, and resurrection, has purchased for us the rewards of eternal life, grant, we beseech Thee, that meditating upon these mysteries of the Most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary, we may imitate what they contain and obtain what they promise, through the same Christ Our Lord.
All together this makes up one decade. After the completion of the five mysteries (five decades), the "Hail Holy Queen" is said The Hail Holy Queen - An Salve Regina Hail, holy Queen, mother of mercy, our life, our sweetness, and our hope. To thee do we cry, poor banished children of Eve. To thee do we send up our sighs mourning and weeping in this valley of tears. Turn then, most gracious advocate, thine eyes of mercy toward us, and after this our exile show us the blessed fruit of thy womb, Jesus. O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary. V. Pray for us O Holy Mother of God R. That we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ Go mbeannaítear duit, a Bhanríon Naofa, A Mháthair na trócaire, Go mbeannaítear duit Ár mbeatha, ár mílseacht agus ár ndóchas Is ort a ghlaoimid, Clann bocht dhíbeartha Éabha. Is chugatsa suas a chuirimid ár n-urnaí, Ag caoineadh agus ag gol Sa ghleann seo na ndeor, ar an ábhar sin, ós tú ár n-abhcóide, Iompaigh orainn dó shúile atá lán de thrua, Agus tar éis na deoraíochta seo Taispeáin dúinn Íosa,
A Athair Shíoraí, gur cheannaigh t'Aonmhac dúinn, lena bheatha, lena bhás, is lena aiséirí, aoibhneas síoraí na bhFlaitheas, tabhair dúinn, achnaímíd ort, do ghrásta, ionas ag machnamh dúinn ar na mistéiribh seo na Corónach Mhuire, go dtiocfadh linn do thoil naofa a dhéanamh agus an t-aoibhneas síoraí sin do shroisint, trí Iosa Críost ár dTiarna.
Other Prayers Memorare - Cuimhnigh Remember, O most gracious Virgin Mary, that never was it known that any one who fled to your protection, implored your help or sought your intercession, was left unaided. Inspired with this confidence, I fly unto you, O Virgin of virgins my Mother; to you do I come, before you I stand, sinful and sorrowful; O Mother of the Word Incarnate, Despise not my petitions, but in your clemency hear and answer me. Amen. Cuimhnigh, a Mhaighdean Mhuire róghrámhar, nár chualathas trácht ar éinne riamh a chuir é féin faoi do choimirce ná a d'iarr cabhair ort ná a d'impigh d'idirghuí is gur theip tú air. Lán de mhuinín asat, dá bhrí sin, rithimse chugat, a Mhaighdean na maighdean is a Mháthair. Is chugatsa a thagaim, is os do chomhair a sheasaim, i mo pheacach bocht atuirseach. Ó a Mháthair an Aonmhic, ná diúltaigh do m'urnaithe ach éist leo go trócaireach agus freagair iad. Ámén.
Prayer to St. Michael - Paidir Naomh Micheál St. Michael the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our defense against the wickedness and snares of the Devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O Prince of the heavenly hosts, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan, and all the evil spirits, who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.. A Naoimh-Mícheál Árdaingeal cosain sinn i n-am an chatha, bí mar dhídean againn in aghaidh urchoírde agus chealgaireachta an diabhail. Go mbagruighidh Dia air, athchuinghimíd go humhal. Agus dean-sa a cheannphuirt na sluaighte neamhdha an taidhbheirseoir céadna a theilgean síos síos go hifreann, tré chómhacht Dé, agus ina theannta sin na hainsoioraid eile atá ag imtheacht ar fuaid an domhain le fonn anamnacha a chuir i mbealach a gcaillte. Áméin. The Angelus – The Angel of the Lord declared to Mary: And she conceived of the Holy Spirit. Hail Mary… Behold the handmaid of the Lord: Be it done unto me according to Thy word. Hail Mary . . . And the Word was made Flesh: And dwelt among us. Hail Mary . . .
Pray for us, O Holy Mother of God, that we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ.
Through a belief in the Threeness, Through confession of the Oneness Of the Creator of creation.
Let us pray: Pour forth, we beseech Thee, O Lord, Thy grace into our hearts; that we, to whom the incarnation of Christ, Thy Son, was made known by the message of an angel, may by His Passion and Cross be brought to the glory of His Resurrection, through the same Christ Our Lord. Amen. Tháinig Aingeal an Tiarna le scéala chun Mhuire Agus ghabh sí ón Spiorad Naomh. Sé do bheatha, a Mhuire... Féach, mise banóglach an Tiarna Go ndéantar liom de réir do fhocail. Sé do bheatha, a Mhuire… Ghlac an Briathar colainn daonna Agus chónaigh Sé inár measc. Sé do bheatha, a Mhuire… Guigh orainn, a Naoimh Mháthair Dé Ionas go mb'fhiú sinn geallúna Chríost a fháil. Guímis. Doirt anuas, impímid, a Thiarna, do ghrásta inár gcroíthe ionas, sinne a fuair fios trí scéala an Aingil ar theacht Chríost do mhac i gcolainn daonna, go dtiocfaimis trí luaíocht a pháise agus a chroise chun glóire a aiséirí. Trí Chríóst ár dTiarna. Ámén.
Lorica of Saint Patrick I arise today Through a mighty strength, the invocation of the Trinity,
I arise today Through the strength of Christ's birth and His baptism, Through the strength of His crucifixion and His burial, Through the strength of His resurrection and His ascension, Through the strength of His descent for the judgment of doom. I arise today Through the strength of the love of cherubim, In obedience of angels, In service of archangels, In the hope of resurrection to meet with reward, In the prayers of patriarchs, In preachings of the apostles, In faiths of confessors, In innocence of virgins, In deeds of righteous men. I arise today Through the strength of heaven; Light of the sun, Splendor of fire, Speed of lightning, Swiftness of the wind, Depth of the sea, Stability of the earth, Firmness of the rock. I arise today Through God's strength to pilot me; God's might to uphold me, God's wisdom to guide me, God's eye to look before me, God's ear to hear me, God's word to speak for me, God's hand to guard me,
God's way to lie before me, God's shield to protect me, God's hosts to save me From snares of the devil, From temptations of vices, From every one who desires me ill, Afar and anear, Alone or in a mulitude. I summon today all these powers between me and evil, Against every cruel merciless power that opposes my body and soul, Against incantations of false prophets, Against black laws of pagandom, Against false laws of heretics, Against craft of idolatry, Against spells of women and smiths and wizards, Against every knowledge that corrupts man's body and soul. Christ shield me today Against poison, against burning, Against drowning, against wounding, So that reward may come to me in abundance. Christ with me, Christ before me, Christ behind me, Christ in me, Christ beneath me, Christ above me, Christ on my right, Christ on my left, Christ when I lie down, Christ when I sit down, Christ in the heart of every man who thinks of me, Christ in the mouth of every man who speaks of me, Christ in the eye that sees me, Christ in the ear that hears me. I arise today Through a mighty strength, the invocation of the Trinity, Through a belief in the Threeness, Through a confession of the Oneness Of the Creator of creation Atomriug indiu niurt tréun: togairm Trindóit faístin Oendatad,
i nDúlemon dáil. Atomriug indiu niurt gene Críst cona bathius, niurt a chrochtho cona adnacul, niurt a essérgi cona fhresgabáil, niurt a thoíniudo fri brithemnas mbrátho. Atomriug indiu niurt gráid hiruphin, i n-aurlataid aingel, i frestul inna n-archaingel, i freiscisin esséirgi ar chiunn fochraicce, i n-ernaigthib uasalathrach, i tairchetlaib fáithe, i preceptaib apstal, i n-iresaib foísmedach, i n-enccai noebingen, i ngnímaib fer firén. Atomriug indiu niurt nime, soilsi gréne, étrochtai éscai, áni thened, déni lóchet, luaithi gaíthe, fudomnai mara, tairismigi thalman, cobsaidi ailech. Atomriug indiu niurt Dé dom luamairecht. Cumachtae nDé dom chumgabáil, ciall Dé dom inthús, rose nDé dom remcisiu, cluas Dé dom étsecht, briathar Dé dom erlabrai,
lám Dé dom imdegail, intech Dé dom remthechtas, sciath Dé dom imdítin, sochraite Dé dom anacul ar intledaib demnae, ar aslagib dualche, ar forimthechtaib aicnid, ar cech duine mídúthrastar dam, i céin ocus i n-ocus, i n'uathud ocus i sochaidi. Tocuiriur etrum indiu inna uili nert-so fri cech nert n-amnas n-étrocar frista-i dom churp ocus dom anmain, fri tinchetla sa-ibfh-aithe, fri dubrechtu gentliuchtae, fri saíbrechtu heretecdae, fri imchellacht n-ídlachtae, fri brichtu ban ocus goban ocus druad, fri cech fiss arachuille corp ocus anmain duini. Crist dom imdegail indiu ar neim, ar loscud, ar bádud, ar guin, condom-thair ilar fochraicce. Críst limm, Críst reum, Críst im degaid, Críst indium, Críst ísum, Críst uasum, Críst desum, Críst tuathum, Críst i llius, Críst i sius, Críst i n-erus, Críst i cridiu cech duini immumrorda, Críst i ngin cech oín rodom-labrathar, Críst i cech rusc nonom-dercathar, Críst i cech cluais rodom-chloathar. Atomriug indiu niurt tréun: togairm Trindóit, cretim Treodatad, faístin Oendatad,
i nDúlemon dáil. Domini est salus, Domini est salus, Christi est salusñ salus tua, Domine, sit semper nobiscum.
Come, Holy Spirit Come, Holy Spirit, fill the hearts of Thy faithful and enkindle in them the fire of Thy love. V. Send forth Thy Spirit and they shall be created. R. And Thou shalt renew the face of the earth. Let us pray. O God, Who didst instruct the hearts of the faithful by the light of the Holy Spirit, grant us in the same Spirit to be truly wise, and ever to rejoice in His consolation. Through Christ our Lord. Amen. Veni, Sancte Spiritus, reple tuorum corda fidelium: et tui amoris in eis ignem accende. V. Emitte Spiritum tuum, et creabuntur. R. Et renovabis faciem terrae. Oremus. Deus, qui corda fidelium Sancti Spiritus illustratione docuisti: da nobis in eodem Spiritu recta sapere; et de eius semper consolatione gaudere. Per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.
At a Wake or Prayer Service for the Dead – "Requiem Æternam" Requiem Aeternam dona eis, Domine, et lux perpetua luceat eis. Requiescant in pace. Amen. Eternal rest, grant unto him/her O Lord and let perpetual light shine upon him/her. May s/he rest in peace. Amen. May his/her soul and the souls of all the faithful departed, through the mercy of God, rest in peace. Amen. Suaimhneas síoraí tabhair dó (dí), a Thiarna, agus go lonraí solas suthain air (uirthi). Tabhair maithiúnas dár ndeartháir (ndeirfiúr) agus tabhair ionad sosa faoi shíocháin dó (di).
In his name, my God, have mercy. OR: O my God, I am heartily sorry for having offended you and I detest all my sins, because I dread the loss of heaven and the pains of hell; but most of all because they offend you, my God, who are all good and deserving of all my love. I firmly resolve with the help of your grace, to confess my sins, to do penance, and to amend my life. Amen. The priest will extend his hands in your direction and he will pray the Prayer of Absolution: You respond: Amen.
Pledge and Anthems Pledge of Allegiance
Going to Confession – Examine your conscience, that is, reflect on what sins you have committed. When you come before the priest, begin by making the Sign of the Cross and continue by saying: “Bless me, Father, I have sinned. It has been (how long) since my last confession. These are my sins...” List the sins you have committed that came to mind when doing your examination of conscience. Penance -The priest will suggest you to pray as a response to God’s mercy. The priest will then ask you to pray your “Act of Contrition,” demonstrating your sorrow for your sins. ACT OF CONTRITION My God, I am sorry for my sins with all my heart. In choosing to do wrong and failing to do good, I have sinned against You whom I should love above all things. I firmly intend, with your help, to do penance, to sin no more, and to avoid whatever leads me to sin. Our Savior Jesus Christ suffered and died for us.
I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. (Born and Unborn) The Star Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:
'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! And where is that band who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion, A home and a country should leave us no more! Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution. No refuge could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave: And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand Between their loved home and the war's desolation! Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation. Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto: "In God is our trust." And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! Amhrán na bhFiann - A Soldier’s Song Amhrán na bhFiann Seo dhibh a cháirde duan óglaigh, Cathréimeach briomhar ceolmhar, ár dtinte cnámh go buacach táid,'S an spéir go min réaltogachIs fonnmhar faobhrach sinn chun gleo'S go tiúnmhar glé roimh thíocht do'n lóFé chiúnas chaomh na hoiche ar seol:Seo libh canaídh Amhrán na bhFiann Curfá:Sinne Firnna FáilA tá fé gheall ag éirinn,buion dár sluaThar toinn do ráinig chugainn,Fé mhóid bheith saor.Sean tír ár sinsir feastaNí fhagfar fé'n tiorán ná fén tráilAnocht a théam sa bhearna bhaoil,Le gean ar Ghaeil chun báis nó saoilLe guna screach fé lámhach na bpiléarSeo libh canaídh Amhrán na bhFiann. Cois bánta réidhe, ar árdaibh sléibhe,Ba bhuachach ár sinsir romhainn,Ag lámhach go tréan fé'n sár-bhrat séinTá thuas sa ghaoith go seoltaBa dhúchas riamh d'ár gcine cháidhGan iompáil siar ó imirt
áir,'S ag siúl mar iad i gcoinne námhadSeo libh, canaídh Amhrán na bhFiann Curfá We'll sing you a song, a soldier's song, With cheering rousing chorus, As round our blazing fires we throng, The starry heavens o'er us; Impatient for the coming fight, And as we wait the morning's light, Here in the silence of the night, We'll chant a soldier's song. Chorus: Soldiers are we whose lives are pledged to Ireland; Some have come from a land beyond the wave. Sworn to be free, No more our ancient sire land Shall shelter the despot or the slave. Tonight we man the gap of danger. In Erin's cause, come woe or weal. Mid cannons roar and rifles peal, We'll chant a soldier's song. In valley green, on towering crag, Our fathers fought before us, And conquered 'neath the same old flag That's proudly floating o'er us. We're children of a fighting race, That never yet has known disgrace, And as we march, the foe to face, We'll chant a soldier's song. Chorus OW-RAWN NA VEE-AN Shuh yeev a care-juh doo-on oh-glee, cah ray-mach breewar kyolwar; awr deen-te cnawv guh boo-ca tawdj, iss an spare guh min rail-toeguch iss funn-war fayv-roch shin khun glyoe, s guh kyuen-war glay riv heeucht dun low; Shuh deev connie, Ow-rawn na Vee-an Chorus: Shin-na Fee-nah Fawl, Ah-taw fay gal egg er-rin, Bween dar sloo-ah, harr tee-un duh rawn-nig hug-gan, Fay void vet ser, shan-teer or shin-sheer faw-sta Nee fog-far fween teer-awn naw fween trawl; Ah-nuckt a hey-m sa Bar-na B-wail Leh gan er Gail cun baw-sh no say-il, Leh goon-nee scray-uck, tree law-vuck na bill-er Shuh deev connie, Ow-rawn na Vee-an
For most of us it has been a while since we prepared to receive our First Holy Communion or Confirmation, and though some things may have been forgotten over the years, much has probably been retained. The following is not meant to be a complete listing of what it is we believe as Catholics, but it may help to refresh your memory, or even inspire you to look into our Faith more deeply. There are Four (4) Pillars of the Catholic Faith: 1) The Nicene Creed; 2) The Ten Commandments; 3) The Seven Sacraments; and 4) The Lord's Prayer (Our Father). The Nicene Creed I believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets. I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. I confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come. Amen. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS 1. I am the LORD your God: you shall not have strange Gods before me. 2. You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain. 3. Remember to keep holy the LORD'S Day.
I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead and his kingdom will have no end.
4. Honor your father and your mother. 5. You shall not kill. 6. You shall not commit adultery. 7. You shall not steal. 8. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 9. You shall not covet your neighbor's wife. 10. You shall not covet your neighbor's goods.
The Seven Sacraments Baptism, Confirmation, The Eucharist, Penance, The Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, Matrimony. The Lord’s Prayer
The Nicene Creed “I believe in one God” Even though this is the belief of all people who identify themselves a Christians, and although we recite it together, there is a need for us to actually profess our own belief. What we believe is that there is only One God, Perfect within the Godhead Itself. “the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible.”
Our Father, Who art in heaven Hallowed be Thy Name; Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us; and lead us not into temptation,
Within the Perfection of the Godhead are Three Divine Persons, the first being the Father, through which everything, that is the Universe itself, Time and Space, everything that existed, exists or will exist, has been created by Him. “I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages.” Jesus Christ is the Word of God, Who has existed with the Father before Time itself was created. Within the Perfection of the Godhead, these Two exist in perfect Unity with each other.
but deliver us from evil. Amen.
“God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father”
Expanding on these Four Pillars, we recognize what our Catholic Faith entails:
There is no difference between the Father and the Son; they are consubstantial, which is to say that the same Divinity which the Father possesses is possessed by the Son. “through him all things were made.” Everything that exists, outside of God, came into being because God spoke His Word, saying that things should exist.
“For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man.” At Mass, we bow during this part of the Creed, because we are filled with awe at the outpouring of Love God has for us, in emptying Himself, and becoming one of us. The Creator has become part of Creation. “For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried” Many people back away from this reality, but the fact remains that Jesus Christ suffered and died in order to save us. As St. Paul wrote: “we preach Christ crucified, to Jews a stumbling block and to Gentiles foolishness” (1 Cor 1:23). “ and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures.” It is through His Resurrection that Christ has conquered Death, and offers to us the gift of eternal life with the Father. “He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.” We believe that Jesus’ Resurrection was an actual rising of His physical body, transformed and glorified, and that He ascended in that glorified body, rejoining the Perfection of the Godhead. “He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead and his kingdom will have no end.” As Christians, we believe that the world as we know it will come to an end, but that this will also be the time when Jesus returns to us in the fullness of His Person.
We also recognize that when He does come, He will judge us according to our actions, whether they reflected the great gifts that He has given us, or were a rejection of those gifts. “I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life” As Christians we believe in the Holy Trinity, that there are Three Divine Persons in One God. The Holy Spirit is that Third Person, often referred to as the Bond of Love between the Father and the Son. It is through the Spirit of God that Life comes to be. “Then the Lord God formed man of dust from the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being.” (Gen 2:7) “who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified” Everything we can say about the Father and the Son, we can say about the Holy Spirit, except that One is the Father, One the Son and One the Spirit, but aside from that they are in perfect relationship with One another, and they exist in Perfection within the Godhead. “who has spoken through the prophets” It is the Spirit who has made God known before Christ came to reveal the Father to all. “I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church.” These are the Four Marks of the Church. One reflects the Unity of the Church, that there is one Church established by Christ here on Earth. Holy means that the Church is set apart from the secular world. Catholic comes from the Greek katholikos, meaning Universal, the Catholic Church is not limited by time or space, race or culture. Apostolic means that the Church has been founded on the Apostles, those closest followers of Jesus, whom He commissioned to lead; for
2000 years we have had unbroken Apostolic succession through the bishops, who are the successors of the Apostles. “I confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins” This is a statement of our belief that there is only one Baptism, which is a Baptism into the Death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. As Catholics we recognize the legitimacy of the Baptism of those nonCatholic Christians, who have been Baptized with water, “in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.” “and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come.” We believe that the Second Coming of Christ will usher in a new world: “an hour is coming, in which all who are in the tombs will hear His voice, and will come forth; those who did the good deeds to a resurrection of life, those who committed the evil deeds to a resurrection of judgment.” (John 5:28-29) “Amen.”
The Seven Sacraments Baptism – In this Sacrament we become members of the Church, we enter into the death and resurrection of Jesus, and the stain of Original Sin is washed away. Confirmation – In this Sacrament we are sealed with the gifts of the Holy Spirit (wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude (or courage), knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord) and are strengthened in our Christian life. The Eucharist – The Source and Summit of our Faith; the Real Presence of Jesus Christ, under the appearance of bread and wine. Our lives as Christians bring us around the altar to receive the Body and Blood of Christ, and in turn we become the presence of Jesus Christ in the world. Penance – Through the recognition and confession of our sins we are made ready to receive the gift of forgiveness from Christ. Our souls are returned to the purity they knew at baptism. The Anointing of the Sick – The remission of our sins and the strengthening for body and soul, in preparation for surgery or as we ask for healing.
I Believe.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS The first three commandments tell us how we are to relate to God, the other seven tell us how to relate to one another. These commandments are summed up in Matthew’s Gospel, when a Scribe asked Jesus: "Teacher, which is the great commandment in the Law?" And He said to him, "‘You shall Love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind’ This is the great and foremost commandment. The second is like it, 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ On these two commandments depend the whole Law and the Prophets." (Matt 22: 37-40)
Holy Orders – The ordination of men as deacons, priests or bishops. Matrimony - Between a man and woman, this Sacrament is symbolic of the self-giving love that Christ, the Bride-groom, has for His Church, the Bride. “The seven sacraments touch all the stages and all the important moments of Christian life: they give birth and increase, healing and mission to the Christian's life of faith. There is thus a certain resemblance between the stages of natural life and the stages of the spiritual life.” Catechism of the Catholic Church 1210
The Lord’s Prayer Many have written about The Lord’s Prayer/ The Our Father, possibly none better than St. Cyprian, but often we ourselves rush through it without thinking about what we are saying. First, this is the prayer given to us by Jesus Himself, and as such there is no prayer more perfect. The fact that Jesus has given us the gift of being allowed to call God our Father, something no Jewish rabbi would have dared to do, means that we enter into a unique relationship. We respect who God is, and recognize that everything about Him is Holy, including His name. There is a desire expressed that our world, our lives should be in harmony with His desires; what the Jews call Shalom is not just peace, but a wish that everything should be as God had intended it to be from the beginning. What we need for the day, for our existence is a gift from God, and we acknowledge that what He gives us is sufficient. Those evil things that we have done to others, and the things that have been done to us are offences against God, and we need to find forgiveness from Him, and recognize our own need to place our own desire for justice in His hands. Ultimately, we recognize our own need for His grace and strength in our lives, that all good comes from Him.
The Virgin Mary One aspect of our Faith, that is perhaps the most misunderstood, is the devotional practices we hold, in regard to the Blessed Mother. First, it must be realized that we do not pray to Mary, we only pray to God. However, we do ask Mary to pray for us, the same way we ask our brothers and sisters for their prayers, and since Mary is the first to receive the gifts her Son, Jesus Christ, has bestowed upon us through His Passion, Death and Resurrection, she is in a unique position to pray before our Lord. It should be remembered that Mary never points to herself, but always directs our gaze toward her Son.
Because no one living has had such a unique connection to Jesus Christ, and since she is the first of our race to receive the fullness of the Resurrection, we believe that she holds a special place as Queen of Heaven.
“I am an Irishman, I kneel before no earthly king, I bow before no earthly queen.”
The History of Ireland and Irish America is extensive, and this timeline only touches on some of the main events in that history, as well as providing a starting point to begin a further study. c. 16,000 BC - During the Last Glacial Maximum, Ireland is covered in ice sheets. c 10,000-7,000 BC - Earliest settlers (Mesolithic hunter-gatherers) arrived in Ireland. Mount Sandel, Coleraine, Co. Derry occupied c.7000 BC. c. 4000 BC - Agriculture, livestock and crop farming begins in Ireland. The Céide Fields, the oldest known field systems in the world, located in Ballycastle, Co. Mayo. c. 3500 BC - Neolithic peoples of the Boyne Valley build chamber tombs (Dowth, Knowth and Newgrange), standing stones and enclosures over a period of hundreds of years.
377-405 AD - Niall Noígíallach (of the Nine Hostages), High King of Ireland. 431 AD - Palladius is named first bishop "to the Irish believing in Christ" by Pope Celestine I. He is banished from Ireland in the same year. 432 AD - Saint Patrick returns to Ireland as Bishop. 461 AD - St. Patrick dies, after firmly establishing Christianity to Ireland. 521 AD – St. Columcille (Columba) born at Gartan, Co. Donegal. Of Royal blood, he would become Abbot and founder of many monasteries in Ireland, especially in Derry.
Mythic period of the Fomorians, the Firbolg (Celts) and the Tuatha de Danaans (Celts).
550 AD - Irish monks begin to re-Christianize Europe. Irish monasticism, foundation of monastic schools by Sts. Columcille and Brendan at Iona and Clonfert. St. Columbanus establishes Celtic monasteries on continental Europe, including Fursa in East Anglia and Gaul, Aidan at Lindisfarne.
c. 1699-1000 BC – Milesian (Celts) Conquest of Ireland.
561 AD - Battle of Culdremna.
c. 600 BC - Celts started arriving in Ireland, from central Europe.
563 AD – St. Columcille sails in self-imposed, penitential exile to Iona.
c. 100 AD - Tuathal forms Kingdom of Meath. c. 200 AD - Irish High Kingship at Tara, Co. Meath. Cormac mac Airt, first High King of Ireland dates of his reign are given beginning from c. 226 and ending c. 318. The Annals of the Four Masters, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn. c. 300 AD – Bands of raiders from Ireland begin to be refered to by Romans as Scoti, which would lend to Scotland taking its name. Prior to this the Irish were refered to by the Latins as Hiberini.
597 AD - Columcille dies. 793 AD - Viking raid on Lindisfarne. c. 800 AD - Ireland attacked by Viking Norsemen. 802 AD – Iona burned by Viking raiders. 914-20 - Vikings established settlements at Waterford, Dublin and Limerick.
976 -Brian Boru succeeded his brother Mahon, as King of Munster until 1014.
1529-36 - Henry VIII breaks with the Catholic Church and declares himself head of the Church of England.
999 - Brian Boru defeated Vikings.
1534 - Kildare rebellion. Thomas FitzGerald, the 10th Earl of Kildare, publicly renounced his allegiance to Henry VIII of England.
1002 - Brian Boru, Ard Rí, High King of all Ireland. 1014 - Brian Boru, killed at Battle of Clontarf.
1537 - FitzGerald was hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn.
1066 - Normans defeat Saxons in England.
1541- Henry VIII introduces a policy of 'surrender and regrant' in the Kingdom of Ireland.
1167 - Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair seeks support from Henry II of England to claim Kingship of Ireland.
1558 - Elizabeth I became Queen of England, followed in 1562 with the beginning of the Elizabethan Wars in Ireland.
1167-69 – Norman Invasion of Ireland at Baginbun, Co. Wexford. 1170 -Richard de Clare, aka Strongbow, arrives.
1594 - Nine Years' War. Hugh O'Neill and Red Hugh O'Donnell rebel against Elizabeth I's authority in Ulster.
1171 - Henry II of England lands at Waterford and declares himself Lord of Ireland.
1603 - James I (James VI of Scotland) becomes King of England following the death of Elizabeth I.
1235 - Richard Mór de Burgh conquered Felim mac Cathal Crobderg Ua Conchobair, the (native Irish) King of Connacht.
1607 - 'The Flight of the Earls'
1297 - First Irish Parliament meets in Dublin. 1315 - Edward Bruce, brother of Robert the Bruce King of Scotland invaded Ireland, fails to overthrow Normans and secure High Kingship. 1366 - The Statutes of Kilkenny, meant to stop the assimilation of the Normans with the Irish. This failed, as the Normans became (Hiberniores Hibernis ipsis) 'more Irish than the Irish themselves'. 1494 – Under Henry VII of England's Lord Deputy to Ireland, Poynings' Law was declared, by which Irish parliament was to pass no law without the prior consent of the English king and council. 1509 Henry VIII, King of England.
1608 - 09 – Ulster Plantation begins. 1641 - Irish Rebellion of 1641. Led by Felim O'Neill, Rory O'Moore, Donough MacCarty, Connor Maguire. 1641 English Civil War began. 1646 - Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill defeats Scottish forces. 1649 - King Charles I executed. Oliver Cromwell's army invades Ireland, pursues a policy of genocide and enslavement. Over 60,000 Irish Catholics sent as slaves to Barbados, Jamaica and Virginia. 1681 - Execution in London of St. Oliver Plunket, Archbishop of Armagh.
1688 - English Revolution. James II (last Catholic King) deposed in England. December 7th The gates of the city walls in Derry were shut against the troops of James II, so beginning the Siege of Derry. 1690 - William of Orange III defeated James II at the Battle of the Boyne. 1692-1695 - Anti-Catholic Penal Laws passed, exclusion of Catholics from Parliament and all professions. Catholics hold 14% of all land in Ireland. Penal Laws not overturned until 1829. 1714 - Catholics hold 7% of land in Ireland. 1740 - The Forgotten Famine (between 310,000 and 480,000 die). 1775 - Henry Gratten, becomes leader of "Patriot Party".
1823 - Daniel O'Connell founds Catholic Association, which campaigned for Catholic emancipation. 1825 – Completion of the Erie Canal, most of which was built by Irish laborers. 1828 - O'Connell elected for Clare. 1829 Catholic Emancipation Act passed at Westminster, which allowed Catholics to sit in Parliament. 1831 - Tithe War began. One hundred and twenty armed police forcibly took possession of cattle belonging to a Roman Catholic priest after he refused to pay a compulsory tithe to the Anglican Church of Ireland.
1775 - 1783 American War of Independence.
1836 – Ancient Order of Hibernians founded in Pennsylvania and New York.
1782 - Constitution of 1782. Legislative Independence won from Britain by Irish Parliament, repeal of Poynings' Law.
1840 - Daniel O'Connell's Repeal Association founded.
1791 - The Society of the United Irishmen established in Belfast. 1795 - Formation of the Loyal Orange Institution (Orange Order) in County Armagh.
1842 - "The Nation" newspaper founded by Thomas Davis. 1845 – Beginning of An Gorta Mór, the Great Hunger. 1847 – Black 47.
1798 - United Irishmen Rebellion of 1798 led by Wolfe Tone.
1848 - 'Young Ireland Rising'
Battle of Vinegar Hill, Battle of Antrim, Arrest and death of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, Battle of Ballymore-Eustace, One thousand French soldiers landed at Kilcummin in support of the rebellion, Battle of Castlebar, Death of Wolfe Tone.
1849 - 12 July 'Battle of Dolly's Brae' 30 Catholics were killed as Orangemen attacked the Catholic town of Dolly’s Brae, after a banned parade to mark the 12th of July. As a result the Party Procession Acts, forbidding sectarian parades was to be enforced.
1800 - Act of Union passed (effective 1 January 1801)
1856 - James Stephens returned to Ireland, from France and founds Irish Republican Brotherhood.
1803 - Robert Emmett leads rising in Dublin. Emmett was arrested, tried, and executed. “Let no man write my epitath…”
1857 – Orange Order parades in Belfast result in 10 days of serious rioting in Belfast. 1859 - 'Fenian Brotherhood' founded in the United States of America. 1861 - 1865 American Civil War. 1863 - The Irish People newspaper founded, suppressed by the British in 1865. 1863 - New York Draft Riots – Irish immigrants were drafted disproportionately and discriminated against because of their Catholic Faith; racial tensions arose as a result of the influx of free blacks into Irish neighborhoods and places of employment. 1867 - March 5th - Fenian Uprising. 1867 - November 23rd - 'Manchester Martyrs' executed. 1872 – After the fall of Boss Tweed, "Honest John" Kelly becomes the first Irish leader of the Tammany Hall. 1873 - Home Rule League founded. 1875 - Charles Stewart Parnell elected as Member of Parliament for County Meath. 1879 - Irish National League founded by Michael Davitt. 1879 - 1882 - Land War in Ireland. 1880 - Charles Stewart Parnell elected leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Captain Boycott.
1885 – Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) founded. 1886 - First Home Rule Bill was defeated in the British Parliament. 1890 - Parnell was deposed as leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party following his affair with Kitty O'Shea becoming public. Parnell dies the following October. 1893 - Second Home Rule Bill. Bill rejected by House of Lords. Gaelic League established. 1899 - The United Irishman newspaper founded by Arthur Griffith. 1905 - Sinn Féin founded under Arthur Griffith. 1912 Third Home Rule Bill. Ulster Solemn League and Covenant signed, to resist Home Rule. 1913 January 1913 Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) formed to oppose Home Rule, supplied with German rifles the following year. 1913 - August 19th William Martin Murphy, fired forty workers under suspicion of belonging to the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU). On August 26th the ITGWU went on strike beginning the Dublin Lockout, which would last until January. 1913 - November - Irish Citizen Army and Irish National Volunteers formed. 1914 - Reorganization of the Irish Republican Brotherhood and formation of a military council. March - The Curragh Mutiny.
1881 - Parnell imprisoned in Kilmainham Jail; released 1882.
July - Guns for Irish Volunteers landed at Howth.
1882 - 'Phoenix Park murders' - Irish National Invincibles assassinate British chief secretary of Ireland, Lord Cavendish, and his under secretary, T.H. Burke.
September 18 - Government of Ireland Act, offered the Irish Home Rule, postponed for the duration of World War I.
1916 - April 24- 29 - Easter Rising in Dublin, Proclamation of the Irish Republic: Poblacht na hÉireann
1922 – Irish Civil War starts between Free State army and IRA. Bombardment of Anti-Treaty forces occupying the Four Courts.
1916 - May 3-12 - Executions of the leaders of Easter Rising.
1922 - August 22 - Michael Collins killed. Death of Arthur Griffith.
1917 - Eamon De Valera won East Clare election.
1922 - November First of 77 executions, carried out by the Free State government.
1918 - November First World War ends. 1918 - Sinn Féin returns a majority in general election. 1919 - January - The First Dáil of the Irish Republic (Dáil Éireann) meets and issues a Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom. 1919 - 1921 - Irish War of Independence/ Anglo-Irish War 1920 - British Government of Ireland Act 1920 partitioned Ireland by creating artificial borders. 1920 - Black and Tans, disgraced members of the British military, arrive as a British military force in Ireland. 1920 - Kevin Barry hanged, November 1st. 1920 - November 21st - 'Bloody Sunday' - The Black and Tans open fire on spectators at a GAA match in Croke Park, Dublin, killing 12 and wounding 60, in retribution for the IRA’s assassination of 11 British intelligence agents. 1920 – December - Burning of Cork by Royal Irish Constabulary Auxiliaries. 1921- December 6th - Signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the creation of the Irish Free State, Irish War of Independence ends. Civil War begins.
1923 – May - End of Civil war. 1924 - Knute Rockne and the "Four Horsemen" - Notre Dame wins its first national championship in college football. 1931 - The Irish Republican Army (IRA) was declared an illegal organisation in the Irish Free State. 1932 - Eamon de Valera forms first Fianna Fáil government in the Dáil. IRA prisoners released. 1932 - 22–26 June - 31st International Eucharistic Congress, held in Dublin; largest in the 20th Century. 1934 - Lord Craigavon made infamous 'Protestant Nation' speech. 1937 - Bunreacht na hÉireann (the Irish Constitution) was approved by a referendum. The Constitution (articles 2 and 3) claimed sovereignty over the whole of the island of Ireland. 1938 - Douglas Hyde, a Protestant from County Roscommon, was elected as the first President of Ireland. 1939 – 1945 - Second World War. The Irish Free State declared itself neutral. 1939 - The Irish Republican Army (IRA) began a campaign of bombing in Britain.
1941 The German Luftwaffe bombed Belfast killing 949 people, injuring 2,000, and destroying thousands of homes. Germans bomb Dublin, mistaking it for Liverpool, and killed 34 people.
1966 May 27th - The UVF shot and killed John Scullion (28), a Catholic civilian, three additional murders would be committed in June, before the UVF was declared illegal.
1951-62 - IRA campaign in North aka: "The Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation”
1967 - Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association founded. 1968 – August - First Civil Rights March.
1954 - The Flags and Emblems Act was introduced in Northern Ireland. The Act was exclusively used against the flying of the Irish Tricolour.
1968 – October - William Craig, Minister of Home Affairs, bans Derry Civil Rights March.
1960 - John F. Kennedy becomes the first Catholic President of the United States; assassinated in 1963.
1969 – January - People's Democracy, Belfast to Derry, Civil Rights March.
1963 - John F Kennedy, President of the United States of America, visited the Republic of Ireland.
1969 - August 14th - British troops sent to Northern Ireland, marking the start of the ‘Troubles’.
1964 January- The Campaign for Social Justice (CSJ) was formed, began publicising what it saw as widespread discrimination against Catholics in Northern Ireland. 1965 - Sean Lemass, Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister), travelled to Belfast to meet Terence O'Neill, then Northern Ireland Prime Minister, in the first official meeting between an Irish Taoiseach and a Northern Ireland Prime Minister. A meeting between the two men also took place in Dublin. The meetings caused uproar in unionist circles. 1966 – March 8th - The Irish Republican Army (IRA) blew up Nelson's Pillar in O'Connell Street in Dublin.
1971 - Unionist government of Northern Ireland introduces internment without trial for suspected Republicans. 1971 - Ballymurphy Massacre, August 9-11, 11 civilians killed by the 1st Battalion Parachute Regiment of the British Army. 1972 - January 30th - Bloody Sunday in Derry. British paratroopers, of the 1st Battalion Parachute Regiment, shoot 13 unarmed civilians during civil-rights march. 1974 -Direct Rule from England re-imposed on the six-counties. 1974 - Loyalists bomb Dublin and Monaghan, killing 30, worst single event during ‘Troubles’.
1966 – May - Establishment of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). 1966 – May 7th - The UVF carried out a petrol bomb attack on a Catholic owned bar on the Shankill Road, in Belfast, missing their intended target and setting fire to the home of Matilda Gould (77), a Protestant civilian, who died on 27 June 1966 as a result of her injuries.
1981- Bobby Sands, Francis Hughes, Raymond McCreesh, Patsy O'Hara, Joe McDonnell, Martin Hurson, Kevin Lynch, Kieran Doherty, Thomas McElwee and Michael Devine die on hunger strike in Maze Prison.
1985 – November - Anglo-Irish Agreement signed by the governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom. 1994 - IRA declares cease-fire. 1996 - Cease-fire breaks down after British government refuses to allow Sinn Fein to join all-party talks, marked by the IRA bombing of Canary Wharf. 1997 - IRA cease-fire resumes; talks begin in Belfast with representatives of all Northern Ireland’s political parties. 1998 - The Belfast Agreement is signed.