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primary energy supply from 77 percent in 1973 to 42 percent in 2009 (FECP 2012a). Japan outlined a comprehensive energy framework with the enactment of the “Fundamental Law on Energy Policy Measures,” commonly known as the Basic Act on Energy Policy in July 2002. The Act outlined the 3 E’s as the broad goals of energy policy. The Act requires preparation of a BEP and revisions every three years to adjust the existing policies according to the changing politico-economic dynamics. Accordingly, the BEP was prepared in 2003, 2007 and 2010. Additionally, with spiralling energy prices, METI released the New National Energy Strategy (NNES) in 2006, keeping energy security concerns at the nucleus.
Figure 2: Balance of primary energy supply
Source: The Strategic Energy Plan of Japan, METI June 2010
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS VOL. 5. NO. 2