Integrated Regional monitoring Implementation Strategy in the South European Seas
Pilot Project - New Knowledge for an integrated management of human activities in the sea Activity Nr.2 NUTRIENTS IN THE NORTH WESTERN BLACK SEA
Luminita LAZAR llazar@alpha.rmri.ro
National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”, NIMRD, Constanta, Romania, www.rmri.ro www.iris-ses.eu
Black Sea in figures*: Hydrographic basin Total length of the coastline :
4 338 km
Bulgaria
300 km
Georgia
310 km
Romania
225 km
Russia
475 km
Turkey
1 400 km
Ukraine
1 628 km
Surface
432 000 km2
Freshwater flow average input Water volume Black Sea hydrographic basin (UNEP, 2011)
2 000 000 km2
Maximum depth Salinity
350 km3 547 000 km3 2 212 m 18 – 22 ‰
*http://www.blacksea-commission.org/_geography.asp
Drivers -Population growth - Industry - Agriculture - Urbanization – insufficient treated waters - Atmospheric emissions - Climate change
Response - Nutrient reduction measures - Monitoring - UE and national legislation -Research
Pressures -Danube’s nutrients enrichment -Hydrological changes
Impact Eutrophication enhancement
State - Higher nutrients input - Chemical state change
DPSIR analysis – Eutrophication in the Romanian Black Sea waters
-Increasing planctonic primary productivity - transparency decreasing - Hipoxic events - Biological state change
DIP (Phosphate) • Constanta station - 19592011 (daily) • Surface coastal water - not under the direct influence of the Danube
Mean = 0.6452-0.0118*x 2.0 Mean
Mean±0.95 Conf. Interval
1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
DIP [µM]
• East Constanta transect, 1964-2011, N=6964, • 0.01 - 8.61 µM (surface) • 0.01 – 15.87 µM (water column) • Water column 15-50m depth
1.8
Year
• Decreasing values close to pristine period
• Water column has two layers delimited , all seasons, by the approx. level of 0.2 µM . • Winter – max. values – phosphate stock regeneration • Spring – min. values due to the biological specific consumption. End of spring – higher values at interface water-sediment. • Autumn – the increasing gradient with depth is maintained but in lower values DIP - Monthly mean concentrations – 1964-2011
• Generally, the distribution is characterized by two maximum values: in the photic layer 020m and at the interface water-sediment.
19641970
19711980 19811990
19912000
20012011
February
May
August
November
Seasonal (decadal) vertical distributions of the Phosphate – 1964-2011
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen - DIN • • • •
No significant differences Decreasing trend N/P increasing Eutrophication N/P less than 10.
Mean = 15.5016-0.2267*x
60.00
20
Mean
Mean±0.95 Conf. Interval
18
50.00
16
40.00
DIN [µM]
14
30.00 20.00 10.00
12 10 8 6 4
19 8 19 0 8 19 1 8 19 2 8 19 3 8 19 4 8 19 5 8 19 6 8 19 7 8 19 8 89 19 1990 9 19 1 9 19 2 9 19 3 9 19 4 9 19 5 9 19 6 9 19 7 9 19 8 9 20 9 2000 0 20 1 0 20 2 0 20 3 04 20 0 20 5 0 20 6 0 20 7 0 20 8 0 20 9 1 20 0 11
0.00
2 0
N/P
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
An
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Water column has two layer limited , all seasons, by the concentration 2 µM at approx. 25m depth •
Max. values –upper layer - spring due to increase of river and coastal inputs and to the thermocline shaping
•
Summer – after the specific consumption of spring blooms – removing the maximum from surface in the layer 10-20m (below DCM) highlighting the nitrogen regeneration and .
•
End of summer – the stock nutrient regeneration is interrupted by the second bloom – minimum concentrations.
•
Autumn -together with the thermocline breaking and increase of the surface input (land, atmospheric?) the nitrogen stock starts to regenerate and continues in winter.
DIN - Monthly mean concentrations – 1980-2011
Seasonal (decadal) vertical distributions of the Inorganic Nitrogen 19811990
19912000
20012011
February May August November
We are here
Further considerations/Conclusions • The recovery of the ecosystem is not done on the same pathway like its deterioration •Are the 60’s levels available/reliable or enough nowadays to be used as reference values ? •Studies on nutrient availability and transformations in order to estimate the distinction between the natural productive state and the eutrophic state. •Assessments for diffuses sources – e.g. atmospheric deposition. •Studies/data on climate change impact on nutrient availability and transformations in the NW Black Sea marine ecosystem. •An aggregate indicator in order to assess eutrophication
Thank you for your attention!
llazar@alpha.rmri.ro www.rmri.ro