global briefs
Kichigin/Canva
Researchers have been exploring sustainable alternatives for electronic materials due to the increasing generation of electronic waste. In a recent study published in Science Advances, a team of scientists introduced a novel approach called MycelioTronics, which utilizes fungal mycelium as a biodegradable substrate for electronic devices. Traditionally, these components have been made using materials such as polymers and plastics, which are difficult to recycle. The use of fungal mycelium, specifically the Ganoderma lucidum fungus, offers a sustainable alternative. The mycelium grows naturally on dead hardwood and can be efficiently and scalably cultivated to form a mycelium “skin”. The mycelium skin can be used as a biodegradable substrate for electronic circuit boards. High thermal stability allows for the processing of electrical components on top of the mycelium skin using standard techniques like soldering. Metallic films can be deposited on the harvested mycelium skins, creating circuit paths. The researchers also propose the concept of mycelium batteries, using the mycelium skin as both battery separators and casings. This opens up the possibility of creating fully biodegradable and sustainable electronic devices.
Restoring Near-Extinct Chocolate
Ecuador’s Nacional cacao bean was a worldrenowned delicacy until a blight and witches’ broom disease eradicated most trees in the early 1900s. After the discovery of nine 100-year-old Nacional trees in an isolated section of Ecuador, the Third Millennium Alliance (TMA), a conservation nonprofit, and To’ak Chocolate, a private company, are working to bring this ancient cacao variety back to life. With careful grafting in 2018, TMA and local farmers successfully planted 189 clones of the tree to produce new seeds. TMA distributes their offspring to any local cacao grower that wants to help save the ancient varietal. To support the restoration efforts, To’ak Chocolate and TMA are paying growers higher market rates and supplemental amounts to plant Nacional. Once again, chocolatiers in Ecuador and other countries are expressing interest in the rare Nacional cacao because of its complex and bold, yet smooth, aroma and flavor. Consumers can help by becoming connoisseurs of outstanding chocolate and buying chocolate made of Nacional. It is a small way to improve the environment while indulging the taste buds. rodrigo-flores/shutterstock.com
Using Fungal Mycelium for Electronics
Air Pollution and Antibiotic Resistance
Chris LeBoutillier/Canva
Air pollution is not only harmful to human health, but it can also contribute to antibiotic resistance. Using 18 years of data from 116 countries, researchers observed that exposure to high levels of particulate matter air pollution can significantly increase the risk of antibiotic resistance in bacterial infections. Excessive and often inappropriate use of antibiotics has contributed to the evolution of superbugs that are resistant to life-saving antibiotics. However, this study published in The Lancet reveals that air pollution also plays a role in exacerbating the issue. The harmful particles in the air act as vehicles, facilitating the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes and promoting the survival and proliferation of resistant bacteria. By raising awareness about the environmental factors contributing to antibiotic resistance, changes to mitigate pollution and protect public health can be implemented. Efforts to reduce air pollution through stricter regulations, cleaner energy sources and sustainable practices can make a significant impact in preserving the efficacy of antibiotics. November 2023
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