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<1>3 YHIUIJI-2002. 3anttcb HypwesoM: I1.. M. B ~. AcTPaxaHb YHHHCKoro p-Ha KHposCKOH o6n. OT Ey~HHOH T . .[(., 1928 r. p. 1

<1>3 YHIUIJI-1997. 3anwcb HypttesoM: I1.. M. B ~. Bop11a 5IpcKoro p-Ha OT Ca6peKosoM: rr. M ., 1924 r. p., <I>e~OTOBOH JI. A., 1923 r. p. 2

<1>3 YHIUIJI-2003. 3anwcb HypttesoM: I1.. M. B ~. CrnpaH fbrn Ke3cKoro p-Ha OT MaKCHMOBOH H. A., 1936 r. p. 3

24


JfMnpoeu3ayuR e n ecem1ou KYJtbmype yoMypmoe: :>1CaHp, cmUJlb, MblUtJteHue I1 KOHIJ;e MeJIO,IJ;HqecKHX cppa3 , .n;o npoXO,IJ;5.!Iu;HX ceKyH.IJ;OBbIX, KBapTo-ceKyH.IJ;OBbIX C03ByqHli, I<JiaCTepHbIX rp03,IJ;beB. 0 .n;HaKO, HeCM OTP5.! Ha ,IJ;OBOJibHO 3HaqHTeJibHbie MeJIO,IJ;HqecKHe paCXO:lK,IJ;eHI15.! B OT,IJ;eJibHbIX yqacTKax cpopMbl, neceJibHHIJ;bl CTpeM5.!TC5.! npH.n;ep:>KHBaTbC.5.1 OCHOBHOro HHTOHaIJ;HOHHOro KapKaca HaneBa.

HomHblU npuMep M 16

EecepMaH 1<pe3b. EecepMHHCKHii Hanes (EG11e3UHCKuu p-11)

)!(a-n'a- p3 fou wy-u 131 r-3,

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2

K a tt a JI : JICQJIRpe, tty, cKa3ana, 6hrn o , se,11,h , pacc Ka)f(y, 6hIJI O

)/(QJIRp e , tty, CKa3ana, 6 bIJIO, Be,11,b , roBOpliT, CKa)KeT Jilf, 3, 3, 3 , 6bIJIO Be,11,b.

3

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52


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4 Ka H a JI: I'oou, 200, 200, 200, CKa)KeM, JIH, 5/J!QM JIH, e, Hy, JIH, e, H, TOJibKO, e .n;a 0, MOJI, e, e, e, Be.n;b, 5/JlaM, JIH, JIH, 6blJIO, Be.D;b, Be.D;b, 6hrn, JIH, e 1•

B ceBepHOYLIMYPTCKOM H 6ecepM51HCKOM o6p51,ll;OBOM cnoe BbI,ll;eAAeTC51 ern;e o.ri;Ha rpyrrrra HarreBOB, OTJIHqa10rn;a5IC5I 6onee CTpOrHM MOHO,ll;HHHbIM CKJia,ll;OM cpaKrypbI.

K

Heil: OTHOC51TC51 y.ri;MypTCKHH H 6ecepM51HCKHH cBa.ri;e6Hbie

HarreB KaHyHa IlacxH

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6ecepM51HCKHH

Apa<fta Kpe3b. HomHblU npuMep M 17

C10an 20J1oc. Csa)J.e6uhlii uaneB (Ke3cKuu p-11)

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rJlaBa 3 MMIIPOBM3AQIUI B IO)KHOY):J;MYPTCKOM IIECEHHOM TPA):J;MQMM

My3hIKaJihHhIM MapKepoM, perrpe3eHrn:pyIOlll:I1M rreceHHYIO KYJihTYPY JO)l(HhIX y,UMYPTOB, cq11TaIOTCH )KaHphI o6pH,llOBoro rreceHHoro cpoJihKJIOpa. EoraThIH cpopMYJihHhIH o6pH,llOBhIH Menoc JO)l(HhIX y,UMYPTOB, oqeBl1)lHO, 3acJIOHHJI rrepe,ll co611paTeJIHM11 cJiyqaHHhie 3IIl130)lhl 11MIIpOB11311pOBaHHOro rreHl1H, 11 II03TOMY lO)KHOY)lMYPTCKaH 11MIIpOBl13aQl1H ellle He 6hIJia rrpe,UMeTOM OT)leJihHOro 11CCJie)lOBaHl1H 3THOMY3hlKO Be)lOB. Me)K)ly TeM ueneHarrpaBJieHHhie IIOl1CKl1 o6Hapy)Kl1Jll1 B JO)I<HOY)lMYPTCKOM rreceHHOM cpOJihKJIOpe He TOJlhKO 3JieMeHThI HMIIpOBl13aUH11, HO 11 ueJihie )KaHpOBhie IIJiaCThl, OCHOBaHHhie Ha 11MIIpOBH3aQHH.

B

rrepByIO oqepe,llh K HHM OTHOCHTCH COJihHhie npOMhICJIOBhie OXOTHHqhH

11 6opTHHqh11 rreCHH c Bhipa)KeHHOH Mar11qecKOH cpyHKQHeH. rro OCHOBHhIM MY3hl-

KaJihHhIM xapaKTep11CTHKaM HaneBhl rrpOMhICJIOBhlX neceH B QeJIOM npHMhIKaIOT K JO)KHOY)lMypTCKl1M o6pH,llOBhIM Y3Koo6oeMHhIM necmrM: npeo6Jia)laeT Hl1CXO)lHIIJee )lBH)KeHHe, MHOfOKpaTHO TIOBTOpHeTCH OCHOBHOH TOH. 0,UHaKO crpocp11Ka, oqeHh crporaH B o6pH,llOBOM CJIOe neceHHOro cpOJihKJIOpa, B npOMhICJIOBhlX 11MTipOBH3aQ11HX He co6JIIO)laeTCH: B p11TM11qecKOM KapKace Ha6JIIO)laIOTCH nponycKH, MeJio)lHqecKaH Jll1HHH TO pacumpHeTCH , TO CTHfl1BaeTCH B 3aBHCl1MOCTl1 OT BeJI11q11Hhl HMTipOBH3HpOBaHHOfO TeKCTa, KaK, Hanp11Mep, B 6opTHHqheH necHe

Mym ymeH 2yp. HomHbZU npuMep M 18

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