My Child Magazine October 2019 Issue

MAGAZINE.COM.AU

ISSUE 97 - OCTOBER 2019

child developement issue

EDITOR IN CHIEF

Bianca Medina ART DIRECTOR

Bianca Medina DEPUTY EDITOR

Caroline Meyer CONTRIBUTORS

Sheree Hoddinett Amy Adeney Lance Green Ludovic Toinel Caroline Hernandez Patricia Prudente Frank Wang Rodrigo Pereira Zhenzhong Liu Alex Holyoake Chema Photo Freepik CONTACT

My Child Magazine North Parramatta NSW Sydney Australia +614 11 572 877 editorial@mychildmagazine.com.au

Contents 6

44

90

The Benefits Of Creative Learning

The Difference Between Spinal

Dad Read - Dads Moods Linked To

10

And Epidural Blocks

Child Development

48

94

Why You Need Nappy Pants

Conversational Topics

in Your Life!

To Build Your Relationship

54

100

Get The Look Interiors

Blogger - I’m Not Just a Mum

64

104

Not All Baby Carriers are

Everything You Need To Know

Designed Equally!

About Your Baby’s Poo!

70

108

Immunisation: Pros and Cons

Fashion

76

116

Toddler Diet And Obesity Risks

Fashion Feature: Nature Baby

80

130

Toy Reviews

Recipies

Curbing Bad Habits

16 Digital Media And Early Development

20 Developmental Milestones

28 Dyslexia And Other Learning Problems

34 Book Reviews

38 Epigenetics

86 Phobias, Tantrums And Fears

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MY CHILD DIRECTORY

DISCLAIMER: It My Child Magazine and mychildmagazine.com.au are wholly owned by My Child Magazine (ABN 79 167 787 662). No other parties or individuals have any financial interest in the company or in My Child or mychildmagazine.com.au. My Child contains general information only and does not purport to be a substitute for health and parenting advice. Readers are advised to seek a doctor for all medical and health matters. The publisher and authors do not accept any liability whatsoever in respect of an action taken by readers in reliance on the recommendations set out in this magazine. Reproduction of any material without written permission by the publisher is strictly forbidden. We cannot accept responsibility for material lost or damaged in the post or for any unsolicited manuscripts and photographs. All reasonable efforts have been made to trace copyright holders.

Bianca Medina editor-in-chief Editor’s Letter Hi Peeps So, here we are in October already, only two more months and we will be ringing in 2020!

I love being a mum even though it can be exhausting sometimes, but I’ve learnt so much while on this beautiful journey and not just about my child, but more about myself.

Every month some kind of challenged pops around the corner and now we are entering the phase of junk food meltdowns. Now hubby and I have always be fine with some form of dessert after dinner each day, however all dinner has to be eaten in order for a treat to be given. Our lovely daughter has now developed a sweet tooth (actually is more of a refined sugar sweet tooth) which is causing many a meltdowns and is driving us to the brink! So Max is the type of child you can take into a toy store and say “No” to all toys in the world and she shrugs it off and is fine, but if you do that with food, oh boy... It can literally end in a major meltdown with tears, screams and best of all laying on the floor regardless of where we are.

These new tantrums have caused not just us to be embarrassed, but those that are around us at the time to run, hide and pretend that we are not together. In order to overcome this new phase, we are constantly explaining the everyday foods vs sometimes foods and give Maxie two dessert options, one always being fruit and the other a yogurt or yogurt ice-cream . I never knew that a child could loose it over food so badly, but looking at the glass half full at least it’s not toys!

Until Next Time!

Bianca oxo

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the benefits of creative learning written by: caroline meyer

Creativity allows a person to show self-expression. This is one form of learning that allows a child to express themselves without having to worry about being judged.

This allows them to bring out emotions that they wouldn’t in any other form of learning. It also helps nurture their emotional growth and wellbeing. The best part of creativity is that not much is needed for the process. Give them the tools and let them put their minds to work on their own. Even from very early ages while they are still infants, they can benefit emotionally as well as develop in other ways through the freedom of self-expression. You can also learn a lot from what the child creates as this also allows them the freedom to express their emotions through their work.

Creativity allows children the freedom to try out new things, explore new ideas as well as problem solve on their own. Allowing self-expression through creativity allows your child to show how unique they are. While a child is still young it is important to develop the imagination through music, dance, drama, arts and crafts. Creativity of this sort helps improve confidence, allows for expression of emotion, improves coordination and motor skills, improves communication skills, allows for exploration as well as improved critical thinking and problem solving.

There is no need to force a child in to a specific area of creativity either.

They can be creative based on their own interests. Some children like banging on a drum while others may prefer to play with play-dough, some enjoy making up stories while others like to act them out. You don’t need to restrict creativity to painting, sculpting and drawing either. Let them work with mosaics, wire, clay, wood, paper, interesting flowers and leaves (check for safety) and so much more. You provide materials and let them decide what to do with them. Sit down with your child and let them tell you what they want to do. If they ask for help, give advice instead of doing it for them. Let them try and figure it out first. There is a lot that you can do to foster their imagination and improve their thought processes.

Go on field trips and take a cheap camera for your child to take pictures with. It’s fine if they are not great photos, that is all part of development. Let them experience diverse cultures and ethnic groups. Show them wildlife, history, architecture and more and let them develop in their own unique ways. The more they are exposed to, the greater the imagination when it comes to creating things on their own. Allow them to listen to audio books or better yet, read to them. Take them to plays and dances once they are old 8

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enough. Let them learn songs and make up their own or tell you stories from their own imagination. The more open you are to having your child share their imagination with you, the more they will want to. Let them be dinosaurs or crocodiles, princesses and knights, let them dress up and take on roles to let their imagination blossom. Get them puppets to play with, or better yet, help them make some of their own. You can let them put on a puppet show for the family or you can role play with them to simulate social interaction and relationships. This can also help foster good manners like waiting for the other person to stop talking before talking themselves.

You do not have to wait until your child starts preschool to start fostering their creativity. Give a toddler some pots and buckets and a wooden spoon and watch them become drummers. Take them to the beach and build sand castles together. Play with bubbles. Let them squish homemade play dough in to blobs of their own making. You can even start teaching basic shapes from an early age and let them start colouring in as soon as they learn not to eat the crayons. You can sing to them, read to them and let them try sing along or “read� on their own. Dance with your little one while listening to music.

Play with blocks and puzzles to foster mental acuity and help them build up their decision making skills and improve problem solving. Selfexpression through creative play also relieves stress and allows children to be themselves without fear or being reprimanded or judged. They learn to make choices and see the direct consequences of the choices they make.

This type of learning also allows them to experiment and learn on their own. Set up the creative learning props and let the child do their own thing. Try not to direct the creativity but rather be on hand to stimulate and encourage them to build on their own inspiration.

While some structure can be incorporated, try and restrict their creativity as little as possible. Instead of giving them pre-drawn pages and telling them what colours to use, give them a blank sheet of paper and adequate colours and let them design their own drawings. Instead of setting up drums, offer a variety of items that can make a noise of some kind when tapped on and let them make up their own drum sets. There are many ways to stop creative learning being too structured and simply allow children to imagine and explore on their own.

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CURBING BAD HABITS Written By: Caroline Meyer

Bad habits effect all of us and habits developed in the early years of life can carry over into later years and may become more difficult to prevent. Children will pick up habits from people around them, including siblings, parents and other children. It is important to curb your own bad habits when trying to instil good habits in children as well.

HOW ARE HABITS FORMED? When people repeat the same behaviours over and over, even unconsciously, this is referred to as a habit. Habits can be caused by psychological or physical problems as well. Bad habits can also lead to obsessive behaviours which would require treatment from a trained professional.

There may be many things your child does that you find annoying, and while most of these are usually the normal behaviour of a child, there are some unwanted behaviours that you might want to nip in the bud. It is important that you understand why your child is exhibiting these behaviours. Bad habits are often a coping strategy to deal with boredom, frustration, stress, insecurity, unhappiness or fatigue. Many of the more common bad habits are mechanisms for the child to self-soothe.

FINGER SUCKING, THUMB SUCKING AND DUMMIES Most little ones outgrow the need for constant sucking by the time they are a year old. Before this age, they will often such on thumbs, fingers, dummy and even on their toys and blankets. The sucking helps soothe and calm little ones and can help them sleep. Some children will continue to soothe themselves after the age of a year but it only really becomes a problem when the child reaches the age of around 5. This is when the permanent teeth start coming in and the sucking can result in changes in the palate, or make the teeth grow in incorrectly. If you child sucks on fingers or thumbs, it is better to substitute a dummy instead but try and get rid of all dummies by the age of 4. An idea to make the dummies less appealing is to cut slits in the sides and make them less interesting to suck on. You can try stopping gradually by limiting the dummy to bed times only before removing them all together.

HEAD BANGING OR ROLLING AND BODY ROCKING Some children will bang their heads again and again against a solid object such as the wall or their cots. This can become quite severe and care givers may have concerns that the behaviour may result in injury. The child usually doesn’t appear to be experiencing pain but seems quite calm while doing this. This habit usually starts at around 9 months but is resolved by the time a child turns two. If there are actual concerns or risk of injury, consult a professional. Head rolling is when an infant rolls their head constantly from side to side while lying flat on their backs. This can result with all the hair on the back of the head being rubbed off over time. When a child sits or rests on their knees and elbows and rocks rhythmically back and forth, this is known as body rocking. Some infants may start body rocking around 6 months, but have usually stopped by the time they turn 2. Head banging and body rocking often occurs while listening to music or attempting to fall asleep. These are all self-comforting habits and are generally harmless.

If your child has developmental delays or there is risk of injury from the behaviours, discuss your concerns with your doctor.

BRUXISM (TEETH GRINDING) More than 50% of infants exhibit clenching or grinding of teeth. This can start from 6 months when the teeth first start coming in and reoccur from the age of 5 when the permanent teeth start growing in. Bruxism usually happens during sleep and while most kids do outgrow the habit, some carry it in to adulthood. Once the adult teeth have grown in, this habit can cause lower jaw problems as well as dental issues. If your child is still grinding teeth once the adult teeth start growing in, you may want to consult your dentist for option to limit damage.

CUTICLE AND NAIL BITING OR PICKING 12

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“Children will pick up habits from people around them, including siblings, parents and other children.�.

While nail biting and cuticle nibbling or picking can be annoying and result in ugly looking fingertips, it only becomes a health concern when there is recurrent bleeding and even infection in the fingertips and nail beds. Negative reactions are generally not effective with this habit and positive reactions to making using of their fingers in positive ways work better. Do tasks such as paper folding and finger painting to indicate positive use of the fingers instead of yelling every time the fingers go in to the mouth.

Other remedies include nail polishes to curb nail biting and even adding vinegar to plasters taped over the nail beds.

NOSE PICKING This is a common habit amongst children and even some adults. This is one of those habits that is not socially acceptable and is one of the habits most adults want to stop as soon as possible. While it generally does not cause physical harm, nose picking can result in minor trauma and even infection inside the nose. Nose picking usually starts due to allergies or infections and even minor injury to the nose. The nose picking can result in even more irritation, leading to more nose picking in a vicious cycle. Nose picking can also cause nose bleeds. If your child is old enough, you can explain that nose picking is not okay to do in public. They can use a tissue to clean their nose, blow or wipe away the itching or irritating mucus. They also need to be aware that picking their nose can result in passing along infection to others through the mucus. Make sure they wash their hands if you find them nose picking and also after blowing their noses. If there is a physical cause for the nose irritation and picking, try and get that attended to as soon as possible.

A saline spray before bed can help keep the noise moist and prevent irritation, while a light layer of petroleum jelly in the nose a few times a day can also reduce irritation and subsequent picking.

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PULLING, CHEWING OR TWIRLING OF HAIR If your child is losing hair, it may be as a result of disease or infection, so do not automatically put it down to habits such as hair twirling or pulling. If the pulling and twirling is mild and doesn’t result in injury or hair loss, it is usually just a self-soothing behaviour which tends to go away as they get older. It is commonly seen when children are bored, tired or even just relaxed. If the behaviour becomes severe and they start pulling out hair from their eyebrows, lashes, scalp and even pubis, this could be a disorder known as trichotillomania. It is recommended that you visit your doctor should this be the case.

MASTURBATION By the time they reach the age of 5 to 6, most children will regularly play with their private parts and some even long before this age. This is generally not sexual behaviour at this age and is a normal part of their development.

Should the masturbation be a problem or you are concerned, you should discuss this with your paediatrician.

BREATH HOLDING While this is also a fairly common habit, it can be quite scary for a parent when their child suddenly holds their breath for a period of time. This can happen as a result of a frightening, upsetting or painful experience. The child may even hold their breath until they actually lose consciousness. With some children, the breath holding can be accompanies by seizure-like behaviour.

These episodes can last for a few seconds to up to a minute. This habit can develop around 18 to 24 months but has usually topped by the time the child turns five. Breath holding is involuntary and the child cannot prevent them. Just keep the child calm and protect them from hurting themselves during the episode. There are generally no long terms effects from the breath holding spells.

Most behaviours are temporary and the child will outgrow them eventually.

Try and avoid giving negative attention or otherwise focussing on the habits as this may only encourage the negative behaviours. Ignore the behaviours or praise positive behaviours instead. For most kids, when they find alternative behaviours that offer more or better benefits, they will stop the bad behaviours on their own. If you do attempt to prevent negative behaviour, start with only 1 habit at a time, preferably those that can result in harm to the child if continued or exacerbated. If you can figure what is causing the behaviour, you also have a better chance at curbing it. Where possible, talk to your child and try and find out what is stressing them out.

Let them make decisions for themselves where possible, reducing frustration and anxiety. Help them find better ways of dealing with the issues causing them to resort to the negative behaviours. Finding alternatives may go a long way to curbing the bad habits in your children.

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BREASTFEEDING ESSENTIALS for mums

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DIGITAL MEDIA AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT

TV was the big issue when it came to digital baby sitting in the past, but the amount of screen time has increased even more over the past decade.

Now everyone has access to digital media on the go.

written by: CAROLINE MEYER

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Babies and small children have phones, tablets and more continually available to them. While certain technologies are helpful at the right times, others can be detrimental to their mental and physical health.

One of the activities that have proven to a great way for children to develop language and early literacy is having parents read books “with� them. Now kids watch videos, listen to audio books or play digital games instead of reading. Even the youngest of children aged 6 months and up are exposed to this type of media. This is used for school work, reading, learning or recreation. While digital media can play a supporting role in learning, we also have to realise that the personal touch is needed to improve language and social skills.

There is no evidence that infants or toddlers can learn language from video and experts recommend that digital media be limited during the first two years of a child’s life. During this period they need a lot more human interaction and language development is improved through interacting with people. Video is nothing much more than movement and colours and context is poorly understood. Vocabulary is learned from surroundings and the important people in their lives. Excessive exposure to digital media can result in poor self-regulation and a lower attention span in children.

Once children reach the preschool age there are some educational apps which are designed for children of this age which can be of some benefit.

You can switch out the paper books for e-books at this point but you should be reading them to your child. Encourage your child to focus by asking questions and letting them give you answers and encourage them to ask you questions too. Talk about the illustrations and how they relate to the story. This is a good way to build cognitive thinking as well as better vocabulary. That being said, not all of these educational apps are actually beneficial. The better apps are ones that have multimedia that integrate with the story or learning goals. The apps should support some kind of learning and not just be something for the child to zone out with. Too much noise and distractions in the apps will deter learning and break concentration. The apps should contain meaningful content 18

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and allow the child some creative exploration. Apps that are pure step by step learning can also be quite boring and lose the child’s attention quite quickly. An app for pre-schoolers should be at that level and have lessons that are short enough to keep the child’s attention for the entire lesson.

Young children are exposed to massive amounts of screen media on television, gaming consoles, smartphones, computers and tablets. Even when they are not directly viewing media on these devices they are still exposed to background media from adults and older siblings. There are many thousands of programs and apps that target school age children.

These are designed to teach numbers, language, music and many. While these apps are touted as the ultimate way to foster brain development, there is very little research that substantiates this.

The fact is that there is very little evidence that children under 3 benefit from onscreen media at all. They learn using media only when there is interaction and this is much better served simply from reading a storybook and talking to the child about it or letting them play with their toys or explore their surroundings. Background media is distracting and actually takes away from their natural learning opportunities instead of enhancing them. The evidence also shows that pre-schoolers that are exposed to a lot of screen time have poorer decision making abilities and self-control as well as poorer verbal skills in general.

While it is okay for kids to enjoy minimal amounts of screen time, most of the apps and programs aimed at small children do nothing to improve their mental or physical capabilities. The best thing for a child is interaction with parents, siblings, caregivers and other children. They learn a lot more from these interactions than from any app currently on the market. If you do allow your little ones to watch television for short periods of time, this should be supervised to see what they are watching.

When no one is watching the TV, turn it off to reduce distraction. Where possible, don’t have media in the room where your little one is playing and learning as it can impede the natural learning process. Until apps come out that are fully interactive and able to offer a similar experience to human interaction, giving your child your time and attention is still the best possible way to help them learn.

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Developmental Milestones WRITTEN BY: CAROLINE MEYER

There is nothing more exciting that watching your baby turn into a little person with their own personality and quirks. Many parents worry that their little one isn’t hitting their milestones as soon as they should or are not on exact par with the parenting books or with your best friend’s child or to what your sibling remembers their child doing. This does not mean that your child has a problem or has any physical or mental issues.

Here are a few tips to help you allay your fears and get help if you need it.

offering solid foods and how to introduce different foods in to their diet. You do need to realize that the usual developmental guidelines that are laid out are only guidelines and are not set in stone. They are based on the average age of the average child. This means that some children will reach the milestones a lot faster and some a lot later.

Infants tend to develop at their own pace and because they may be slow to reach one milestone does not mean they will not be on par for the rest of them.

VISIT YOUR PAEDIATRICIAN MENTAL AND PHYSICAL OR CLINIC REGULARLY MILESTONES Your doctor or clinic nurse will be able to assess your baby’s development and whether she is reaching the milestones she should within the age range. They keep records of height, weight and development. They will discuss her progress with you as well as the milestones that are coming up and what you need to be doing to help them. This will include allowing floor time for sitting, crawling and exploring. They will also advise when you should start 22

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Remember that most development starts in the brain. The physical development follows on from this and each physical skill needs to be developed before they can move on to the next. Each skill will also need the mental development to be in place before the physical side can occur. While you cannot force a child to reach a milestone, you can stimulate them and give them the opportunities they need to develop. They will still develop at their

own pace and when they are ready but you can help.

Listening to your baby and talking back to them helps mental development. Sing songs, read to them and sound out nursery rhymes in an interactive way. Allow floor time in a room that is properly baby-proofed so they can explore and learn.

Babies also learn and grow from physical touch. Baby massage, gentle tickles, hugs and skin on skin time can help your baby develop well.

will quickly catch up to her peers.

AVERAGE MILESTONES:

New-born babies do not do very much to start with and have no head control and only primitive reflexes. They can see up to about 25cm away and respond to light and sound. They tend to feed up to 8 times a day for 10 to 20 minutes at a time. You can help her development through talking to her while looking into her face, offering skin-to-skin contact WHAT HAPPENS IF THEY and just showing her lots of DON’T HIT MILESTONES love.

CONSISTENTLY? At around 6 weeks she There may be reasons why should be able to hold her your baby is consistently head up for very short much later than usual periods. She is able to turn in reaching the normal her head towards voices milestones. If you find this she recognises. When lying happening for each and on her tummy she can every milestone where it usually life her head and her is extremely delayed, you chest a short distance. She should consult your doctor can follow a moving object to discuss the situation. with her eyes. Her back is You doctor can then test stronger and she can usually for physical issues such as keep her head in line with hearing loss, inadequate her spine when propped in sight, muscle or skeletal a sitting position. At this age problems and so forth. you can play gentle tickle Quite often, once a physical games, sing, talk and read problem is discovered, it can to her. be remedied and your baby OCTOBER 2019 | My Child

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At 3 months her knees will bend when she is held upright in a standing position. She may learn to hold a rattle and shake it briefly herself. She may also reach out for nearby objects.

This is when the teeth usually start coming in but may be delayed until 6 months for some little ones. She may start making little noises when you talk to her as if she is responding. She may smile, laugh and shriek in reaction to situations. She is starting to remember people.

Her range of sounds will start to increase incrementally. She will start showing some sensitivity to emotion and tone of voice.

Around the 6 month mark she will be able to bounce gently on her legs if held upright. She will also reach for objects and generally put them straight in to her mouth. She is also able to transfer objects from one hand to the other. She is able to roll from ling on her tummy to lying on her back. She can sit when propped and can lift her chest up when lying on her tummy.

You can usually start introducing solids at this age. Encourage exploration and keep the verbal and physical communication with your baby going. She should start making the basic “Ka”, “Da” and “Ba” sounds around this age as well.

may be wriggling like a worm or starting to crawl as well. She will be able to follow a sound to see where it comes from. She can eat finger foods at this point.

She should be able to recognise herself in a mirror or photo and will also remember people. She may develop some stranger anxiety at this point as well. She should be able to understand basic words such as bye and no.

If she drops a toy she will usually look to see where it went.

At 12 months she should be crawling well and sitting without assistance. She may even start pulling herself up on furniture into a standing position. She may be able to walk with assistance and some babies are even able to walk on their own at this point.

She can pick up small things with forefinger and thumb in a pincer movement. She will point to something that she wants. She can go from her stomach into a sitting position unassisted. She can hold an object in each hand at the same time. She should be sleeping through the night at this point as well. She should be able to eat everything that the rest of the family eats (just cut smaller).

Just watch out for allergies, especially if there is a history of allergies in the family. She should recognize and respond to her name

By 9 months your little one should From 12 to 18 months babies start be able to sit unsupported and developing faster emotionally, 24

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socially and verbally. She will start showing signs of actual speech in the rhythms of her babbling.

By 15 months she should also be able to climb up stairs. She may be possessive and will show affection with hugs, smiles and joy. She also may start to imitate you and other members of the family. She may start to use some actual words such as Mama and Dada. She is able to follow 1 step, simple instructions. She is able to listen well and comprehends a lot better. She will purposefully drop and throw things. She is especially receptive to reading at this point and will want to be more interactive. Let her look at the pictures and turn the pages and work on basic comprehension at this stage. She is able to help when getting dressed by lifting her arms for you to put a shirt on. She will demonstrate frustration when she is not able to do something.

showing stubbornness in carrying them out. She may be able to put together 2 words in short phrases that are easily understood.

By 18 months she should be able to point to ears, eyes, nose, lips etc. She should be able to pick up small objects and be able to build a 3 level block tower. She should be able to hold 2 small items in each hand and also scribble with a crayon. She should be able to go downstairs backwards.

She should be walking properly and may have started to run.

She should be using a lot more words (around 20 plus) as well as being able to understand a lot more. She will understand basic instructions but may start

If you find that your child is not reaching these milestones consistently, make sure you discuss your concerns with your doctor. Many developmental issues are caused by physical issues and can be resolved. If there are mental problems causing the developmental problems, your doctor will be able to advise a way forward to ensure the best outcome for your little one.

By the two year mark she should be able to climb and will be running properly. She should be able to walk backwards as well.

She should be able to kick a ball as well as throw overhand. At this point she will start demonstrating left or right-handedness as well.

By this stage she should be showing more independence and a willingness to interact with other children. While she may not play with them directly, she will want to play near them. You may also see more tantrums as frustration increases. She should be using from 50 to 300 words at this point and be able to make multiple 2 to 3 word sentences.

She should be able to use a push bike and complete basic puzzles.

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DYSLEXIA AND OTHER LEARNING PROBLEMS WRITTEN BY: CAROLINE MEYER

Dyslexia is often used in reference to learning problems, but it is not so cut and dried. Dyslexia can affect kids of various intelligence levels. It relates to having issues with processing language the way most people do. They cannot break the words done into component sounds. This also results in problems with writing about the sounds that make up the words. The language is not translated to thought or vice versa. More than 10% of the population suffers from some form of dyslexia.

Some of the warning signs in children around 2 to 4 years include: not being able to recognize their own names, not being able to recognize letters, have limited vocabulary, have difficulty with rhymes even in familiar nursery rhymes or have difficulty saying some words and may switch words for ones that sound similar.

In children 5 to 6 the learning disability may show up as an inability to name colours or items or it takes them time to say the words. They cannot differentiate sounds that make up words (the phonics) and are unable to write out the consonants they hear in the words correctly.

From 6 to 8 you may notice that they have problems learning, pronouncing and remembering new words. They tend not to be reading at the same level as classmates and struggle putting together the sounds that make up different words. They may also avoid reading out loud or even all together. When new words show up they are unable to sound them out and battle to work out the words.

After they reach grade 3, children with dyslexia may withdraw and even exhibit disruptive behaviour in class. They will take guesses at words that they 30

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don’t know and have problems comprehending what they are reading. If you think your child may have dyslexia, it is important to seek help as soon as possible. The earlier a child is diagnosed, the sooner they can be helped to stay on track with their peers. The longer a child struggles with dyslexia, the more likely it is to lead to frustration, self-esteem issues and behaviour problems. It may also lead to long term literacy issues.

Children with dyslexia can learn to read and write and learn at the same levels as their peers but they learn in different ways. There are specific teaching methods that can help a child with dyslexia learn to read and speak with confidence. If one way isn’t working, you can try a different way until you find a way that works for your child. This may also mean special education and discussing with your child’s teacher about methods of teaching your child.

While Dyslexia is a problem with language, writing and reading, difficulty with maths is known as Dyscalculia. This refers to problems with actual maths but also relates to telling the time and using money. Dysgraphia is related to issues with spelling, handwriting and organizing ideas. Dyspraxia refers to issues with fine motor skills which include: balance, hand-eye coordination and manual dexterity. Difficult with understanding spoken language as well as poor reading comprehension could be Aphasia/ Dysphasia. This may also be related to Auditory Processing Disorder which is related to problems with hearing differences between sounds. This can also carry over into problems understanding language, reading and comprehension. Visual Processing Disorder is when the child has problems interpreting visual information. They may show problems with maths, reading, symbols, charts OCTOBER 2019 | My Child

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and pictures.

Not all learning problems are related to a learning disability. Children may suffer from illnesses such as Autism and ADHD that can make learning a challenge. Problems at home, depression, anxiety, stress and emotional trauma can also negatively affect their ability to learn effectively.

There is help for children that suffer from learning disabilities. This is why it is also imperative to diagnose learning disabilities as early as possible.

The brain can learn to think in different ways in order to enable the child to learn in ways similar to other children. While they may not learn in exactly the same way, they learn to build new connections in their brains in order to learn the same things that their peers are. Our brains change throughout our lives. New cells form and new connections are made all the time. This means that the treatments that are being done currently to treat learning disabilities are basically helping the brain develop new pathways. Brain exercises are used to find the strengths and weaknesses.

Then computer-based learning programs are used to help children strengthen those pathways and areas that may need to be worked on. This helps a child learn, even if not at the same pace or in the same way as other children, but they are at least not left behind in their knowledge, skills and education.

Research is continuing and perhaps in the future they may discover what causes the brain to start working along different pathways to the standard.

This may help improve the current strategies and even offer treatments to target the causes at their origin to save a lot of pain and frustration for the child during their formative years.

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motion

music

volume

speed

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BOOK e

v

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by: Amy Adeney from Busy Bookworms

r

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ALL OF THE FACTORS OF WHY I LOVE TRACTORS

BY DAVINA BELL AND JENNY LOVLIE

Parents of transpo r t -ob se sse d children will know th at y ou c an never have too many vehi c l e b ook s, and this is a wonder f ul c hoi c e to add to your collec t i on. Young Frankie McGee is desp e r at e t o make his exhausted m ot he r (wi t h whom many parents w i l l i d e nt i f y ! ) understand that tractor s ar e hi s passion, and no other v e hi c l e q ui t e measures up.

From t h e b ea u t ifu l rh ymi n g tex t to t h e b righ t , en ga gin g i l l u s tr a ti o n s , t h is b ook will b e a d ore d b y r ea d er s a ged 3 a n d u p .

IN TH E D E AD OF TH E NIGH T

BY ARTHUR MCBAIN & TOM KNIGHT

Thi s s p oo k y r h ymin g t ale t o u c h es on m a n y c o m m o n c h ild h o o d fear s , from da r k n e s s a n d mo n s t er s t o va m pires a nd g h o s t s . Bu t t h e lig h t -h earted illu s tr a ti on s a n d emp o wer in g t wist a t t h e e n d make t h is a g r eat c h oice t o h e l p r e a d er s c o n q u er t h eir fe ars.

Ult i m a t e l y t h is is a s tory of brav ery a nd s i b l i n g l o ve, which will be enjoy ed by r e a d e r s a g ed 3 and up.

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MY UNICORN G LI T T ER BY SUZANNE HORSFALL

BARTON

FAR T S &

SHANNON

While the title alludes t o t he f ar t jokes which have becom e al l t oo common in today’s childr e n’ s b ook s, this book is not f illed wi t h gr ossout humour. Instead, it ’ s a f unny , warm- hearted and of ten p ai nf ul l y honest tale of sibling lov e , wi t h an adorably emotional twist at t he e nd .

Th is is a b ea u t if u l b ook to s h a r e wit h c h ild ren a ged 3-6, w h o wi l l l o v e ev ery t h in g f rom t h e gli tter y c o v er t o t h e fa milia r (a n d of t e n h i l a r i o u s ) sc en a rios in wh ic h t h e c h a r a c ter s fin d t h emselv es.

A IS FOR APRICAT

BY MAURO GATTI

Fa r f r o m yo u r a ver ag e alp h abet bo o k , t h i s a d o r a b le b o a r d book r e p r e s e n ts ea c h let t er wit h a mashup of ta s ty t r ea t s an d ad o r able crit te r s . As w e jo u r n ey t h r ough t he a l p h a b et , w e meet ever yone f r o m B r o c c o lio n s a n d Fla m a n goes t o M ou s h r o o m s an d Zeb r u ssels Spr o u ts !

T he g o r g e o u s illus trations and cl ev er c h a r a ct e r s mak e this a fabulou sly f un i n t r o d u ct ion to the alphabe t for re a d e r s a g e d 1 -5 , and pare nts will lo v e th e h e a lthy food facts in t h e ba ck o f th e book too!

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Written by: Caroline Meyer

EPIGENETICS

Epigenetics may sound like a very science based word and you may wonder what it has to do with having babies. Simply put, it related to changes in what genes are expressed (the genes that are active) without any manipulation or changes to the actual gene sequence. So no petri dishes and test tubes needed. Epigenetic changes are quite normal and occur naturally but they can be influenced by certain factors. This includes lifestyle and environment, age and whether or not you have illnesses and diseases that can affect which genes are expressed. Changes in Epigenetics can change which genes up end in the various cells which can be positive or negative which can result in changes leading to diseases such as cancer. As the research continues it is becoming clear that epigenetics has a role in many diseases and disorders in humans.

Epigenetics controls your genes. While you can’t use epigenetics to alter the genes that your baby is composed of, but you can ensure that the best genes are expressed and the genes you don’t want expressed stay dormant. You can nurture the good genes through environmental and lifestyle factors. What affects epigenetics? Where you live, what you eat, your sleep patterns, your age, exercise and even the people you interact with can all result in changes to which genes are active and which ones aren’t. These interactions can cause chemical changes in the body causing the genes for diseases such as Alzheimer’s and cancer to switch from off to on resulting in expression of the disease in your body.

Our genes are what make us unique. Epigenetics is related to everything from hair and skin colour to what tastes are enjoyable to us. These genes can even affect whether you are shy or outgoing.

These unique traits for each and every human being are related to which genes are turned on and which are turned off. While we may not be able to change our eye colour through gene expression after birth, we can hypothetically prevent obesity, cancers and various other diseases. We may even be able to slow the aging process. All of this simply by having the body adjust the genes that are turned on or off. There are endless combinations that can be affected to result in a positive outcome.

We often pass on our epigenetic markers within the genes that we give to our babies. So how we live and behave may be able to influence the genes we pass on before conception and pregnancy.

What both parents do in their everyday lifestyles can change which genes are turned on and off for their progeny.

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The impact of parent’s lifestyles, eating habits, health and mental stability can have far reaching effects on children, grandchildren and even great grandchildren. So what can you do to influence your baby’s genes epigenetically so that you can try and ensure they get the “good” genes turned on and the “bad” genes turned off?

MAINTAIN A HEALTHY WEIGHT This is true for both partners, but especially women who are trying to conceive or are already pregnant. Try and avoid obesity and stick to a healthy eating plan. Eat a lean diet composed of all the vitamins and minerals your body needs. Stick to whole foods as far as possible and avoid chemical laden and processed foods especially those with added sugar. There are studies that show that what you eat before and during pregnancy have a marked increase on the health of your child. Women who are eating healthy during their pregnancy are less likely to have babies that are prone to obesity later in life. Even if your child is not predisposed to obesity, they are also more likely to have children that are more at risk of being obese when they are grown. If you are obese when you conceive it is important not to go on diets that severely restrict calories during your pregnancy. You need to stay adequately nourished in order to ensure your child is born healthy. Restricting your food intake during pregnancy can also result in children that are predisposed to overeating. So cut out the sugars and fats but make sure you still eat enough healthy foods and maintain your supplements for the best outcome for your little one.

Focus on eating healthy foods and don’t resort to supplements to give you the necessary vitamins and minerals. Instead, try and get all the nourishment necessary from whole foods. These are generally foods that come from nature and are not treated chemically or altered through processing or the addition of any additives. Supplements should only be for vitamins and minerals that are not easy to obtain naturally. The use of excessive supplements by both parents before conception can also have a negative effect on a child’s memory and learning ability. Discuss your supplement requirements with your doctor and do not overdose. Less is more when it comes to supplements such as betaine, folic acid, methionine, vitamin B12, choline and zinc.

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REDUCE STRESS LEVELS Stress levels for both parents before conception should be reduced as far as possible with mum maintaining low levels during pregnancy as far as possible. High stress levels in the father before conception can lead to a disposition for high blood sugar later in life. High stress during pregnancy can cause the baby to inherit stress symptoms.

This can lead to metabolic disorders and depression later on in life for your child, even if they have no idea of the trauma or stress experienced by mum. Relax where you can, put your feet up when you need to and try and remain at a low level of anxiety to improve the outcome for your little one.

AVOID CHEMICALS AND POLLUTANTS While it is very hard to completely avoid all the pollution and chemicals that we are exposed to on a daily basis, you need to try and avoid excessive exposure. The higher the pollution mums are exposed to, the higher the likelihood that the babies may develop asthma and other allergies. Exposure to exhaust fumes and other contaminants in the air increases the risk of respiratory issues in little ones. This can also be carried forward so that if your baby gets asthma, they can pass it on to future generations. Stay out of heavy traffic or areas of high air pollution and avoid chemicals and other types of pollution as far as possible to help your little one stay as healthy as possible.

Research is still continuing when it comes to everything that effects epigenetics but at this point we know that if the parents are healthy and relax before conception and during the pregnancy there is likely to be a much greater chance of the “good� genes being turned on and less risk of disease and stress reactions in the babies. We already know to avoid smoking and alcohol and non-prescription drugs during pregnancy, but you also need to try and improve your health and fitness overall so that you offer your child the best possible chance at a long, healthy life. It also means that you are likely to be around longer for your children if you are healthy and exercise, so that is an added bonus to improving your lifestyle and diet before having children.

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The Difference Between Spinal and Epidural Blocks written by: CAROLINE MEYER

You may find people refer to Spinal block, regional anaesthesia and epidural blocks as if they are the same thing. This is not the case. Epidural blocks and spinal blocks are different from each other but both fall under regional anaesthesia.

With a spinal block, a much smaller needle is used than that for an epidural block. The medication is injected into the cerebrospinal fluid. This is the substance that bathes the entire spinal cord. The needle is used to create a tiny hole in the tissue which encases the spinal cord, known as the dura. The medication is then carried throughout the spinal fluid, meaning a lot less is needed. With an epidural, the pain relieving medication is delivered outside of the dura, into the epidural space. This is what gives this anaesthesia type its name. This means that a lot more medication is needed as the analgesic effect is absorbed through the tissues and not the spinal fluid. Occasionally the dura may be punctured during an epidural block. This is known as a dural puncture.

During a spinal block, there is only one chance to deliver the anaesthesia correctly as it consists of a single injection of the medications into the cerebrospinal fluid. When an epidural is administered, a catheter is placed in the epidural space. This means that medication can be administered at any time while the catheter remains in place. This also allows for a much longer period of anaesthesia than with a spinal block.

While an epidural is commonly used for pain relief during the birth process, it is often used in other types of surgery as well. It may also be used to relieve pain after surgery or as a way of managing chronic pain. It is recommended for use where possible as a lower dose of medication is needed to get the desired effect and there are fewer side effects than experienced with many opioid pain relievers. Administered correctly, an epidural can offer longlasting relief from pain while still allowing you to stay mobile and alert.

Epidural Nerve Blocks An epidural block (aka “epidural�) or epidural nerve block is used to prevent pain signals from travelling to your brain and consists 46

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of numbing the spinal nerves. A thin, flexible tube is place near your spine and delivers the medication via the tissue in the area to prevent feeling of pain during surgery or labour. The procedure to implant the catheter is a little tricky, but once in place, the medication starts to work within 10 to 20 minutes. You can still feel touch and pressure but no pain. You can even walk around with assistance if you wanted to as you are numb but can still move without too much problem.

Some of the side effects of an epidural nerve block can include headaches, a drop in blood pressure and problems urinating.

Very rare complications can include infection, nerve damage and bleeding in the epidural space. Epidurals can also be done using medications such as steroids for inflammation and pain relief in certain areas of the body such as back, arms, neck and legs.

The epidural process is different when targeting a specific area.

A dye is used along with a special type of X-ray to ensure the epidural needle is inserted in to the correct location to target the specific pain. For an epidural during labour, the anaesthesiologist is generally well versed on where to insert the catheter to numb the entire lower region of the body.

Conditions other than labour and surgery that are treated with an epidural nerve block include spinal pain, pinched nerves, spinal stenosis and herniated discs. The actual process of inserting the catheter takes around 10 to 15 minutes and relief is felt within 10 to 15 minutes after the medication is administered, although it may differ for some people. The duration of the pain relief can also differ from person to person. Epidurals work for most people, but not for everyone. For people that require epidurals for chronic pain, the benefits of this type of treatment can last for months. An epidural can also be used to try and located a source of pain. The epidural will be used to target specific nerves and when you find pain relief, the doctor knows exactly where the pain originates.

An epidural is the more likely form of anaesthesia that is offered during labour and for caesarean surgery to allow you to stay alert and pain free and able to fully experience the joy of bringing your little one in to the world.

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Why You Need Nappy

y Pants in Your Life!

Do you have a baby or toddler that makes changing a nappy a little challenging? If you haven’t got there yet, it’s most likely coming….

At some point, your little one is going to go from being cutely cooperative at change times, to not wanting to stay still. This is completely normal. However, if you’re trying to keep your wriggly baby from squirming or chasing your athletic toddler around the house, trying to pin them down for a 2-minute change can turn into a battle of wills just to get a nappy on!

If you are experiencing an active baby or busy toddler, what’s the answer you ask? Well it’s simple, maybe it’s time to switch to Nappy Pants.

Nappy Pants are the natural solution for parents who have wriggly babies or active toddlers and make saying goodbye to challenging change times nice and easy.

So, What Are Nappy Pants?

Well, like the name suggests, they are nappy that goes on like pants. When you switch to Nappy Pants you don’t lose the absorbency of a regular nappy, but you will gain hassle free nappy changes. You just pull them up and you’re done.

So Why BabyLove Nappy Pants?

Not all Nappy Pants are created equal. BabyLove Nappy Pants have been developed to meet the needs of active babies and toddlers while still maintaining the quality nappy that Australians have grown to love. Here are the features that make BabyLove Nappy Pants stand out in the crowd: PREVENTS SAGGING BabyLove features ant-sag technology in their Nappy Pants. Their newly designed absorbent core shape helps prevent sagging and provides a more comfortable fit.

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360° STRETCHY WAIST Pull up your baby’s pants quickly and easily with an ultra soft 360° waistband that is super stretchy and moves with your baby’s body.

EASY TO TEAR SIDE SEAMS Change your active toddler while they’re standing, wriggling or dancing.

With zero tabs to struggle with, easy to tear side seams make change time effortless!

12-HOUR PROTECTION With superior absorbency that is perfect for day and night use, BabyLove Nappy Pants are cleverly designed to instantly absorb moisture and maintain the original shape of your little one’s body.

SOFT & COMFORTABLE Your toddler can look forward to a super comfy fit that is soft, snuggly and doesn’t restrict their movement.

FUN NAPPY PANTS DESIGNS Change time has never been easier, or more fun. Try the updated, colourful package designs that will excite your little adventurer.

Two of our mums reviewed BabyLove Nappy Pants and here is what that had to say: “WOW – Nappy Pants are a game changer. As an active toddler at 18 months, my daughter is extremely busy and always running around the house or garden and generally getting into mischief. She doesn’t like a wet nappy so getting a dirty nappy off is easy enough but getting a clean one on is another story! I love how easy this has now become after using the BabyLove Nappy Pants. Cleaning her up at change time is still a little tricky but getting the Nappy Pants on is a breeze.

I have taken to standing her up and am teaching her about pulling them up like underwear and she is enjoying this new change of routine. I’m really impressed with the amount of liquid the Nappy Pants can hold (my daughter is a big drinker) and the snug fit they offer. Just like BabyLove CosiFit Nappies, they don’t leave any marks on her skin and she seems to be very comfortable. I would recommend BabyLove Nappy Pants to any parents who are struggling with nappy changes.”

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“Having a petite child has been somewhat challenging when it comes to nappy fit and comfort. When I first opened the BabyLove Nappy Pants, I was sceptical they would fit. However, just like the BabyLove CosiFit, they were snug but not too tight.

I really love that the Nappy Pants don’t leave any visible marks on my daughter legs or waist. The Nappy Pants are easy to use even when my little one is squirming around at change times and they have a really good quantity of liquid they can hold without the saggy bottom. I really like the cute patterns that the Nappy Pants come with and I will definitely be spreading the word on how good these are.”

Sooks – Mother of 1 year old girl

If you’re looking for a smoother nappy change that keeps you and your baby happy, BabyLove has the answer. For more information on BabyLove Nappy Pants and their full range of products, please visit: www.babylovenappies.com.au 52

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INTERIORS

get the look

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nursery 56

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Photo: Norsu Interiors OCTOBER 2019 | My Child

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Wall Rain Cloud From $69 norsu.com.au

Small Linen Wall Balloons $55 norsu.com.au

Ubabub Mod Cot $1199 designkids.com.au

Star Cushions $4.00 kmart.com.au 58

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Wren Pink Cot Blanket $59.99 adairs.com.au

Monash Throw $69.95 pillowtalk.com.au

Swan Cushion $7.00 kmart.com.au Pax and Hart Velvet Print $55 norsu.com.au

Cot Fitted Sheet Dandelion $19.87 babybunting.com.au

Heart Cushions $4.00 kmart.com.au OCTOBER 2019 | My Child

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k i d s 60

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Areaware Wooden Animal Box Llama $99.95 leoandbella.com.au

Oasis Rattan Bedhead Honey $349.99 adairs.com.au

KAS Cactus Quilt Cover Set $44.00 domayne.com.au

FLISAT Children’s Stool $29.99 kea.com/au 62

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Macrame Wall Hanging $77 etsy.com/au

Alpaca Square Pillow $28.50 etsy.com/au

Logan & Mason Presley Throw Blush $159.95 house.com.au

Zsa Zsa Faux Fur Cushion 12.00 kmart.com.au

Kids Bedside Table $59.00 ebay.com.au OCTOBER 2019 | My Child

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Not All Baby Carriers are Designed Equally!

Just like anything to do with having a baby, choosing a baby carrier can become a little overwhelming once you start doing your research. To say you’ll get confused is an understatement. You’ll have the brand selection, the features, then the benefits and once you try to start comparing all these things, it can make choosing the best carrier for you just that little bit harder.

With the release of the new MOBY Move All-Position Carrier, choosing a baby carrier has been made easy. The new MOBY Move All-Position Carrier is a lightweight and breathable baby carrier. It has been designed with a single set of easy-to-use adjustments and with no infant insert required, it’s Newborn-ready. The carrier is ergonomic and comfortable for you and your baby and the best part is, it’s so simple to use.

Here are some of the key features we absolutely love about the new MOBY Move All-Position Carrier: 1. 4-Positions Every stage of babywearing is different. You’ll go from parent-facing in those early newborn days to world-facing during the later baby stage. Followed by these positions is the hip carrying stage and last but not least is the super handy back carrying position which is great when you just need to have your hands free when running a few errands or are off on a family exploring adventure together.

2. Easy-To-Use Adjustments Making sure you and your baby are comfortable through all the stages of infancy while using a carrier should be simple. You’ll love how easy it is to adjust the carrier with a single set of adjustments, creating a custom fit as your baby transitions from newborn to toddler.

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3. Comfortable Strap Fit There is nothing worse than getting your baby into a carrier and then realising that you need to be a contortionist to get the straps adjusted. With the easy-adjust straps that have finger loops, this carrier is easy to adjustment both from the front and back and takes the circus work out of getting comfortable once your baby is already strapped in.

“With

the release of the new MOBY Move All-Position Carrier, choosing a baby carrier has been made easy.”

4. Waist Belt, Padded Shoulder Straps & Lumbar Support After a while, carrying a baby can be….exhausting!

You need to make sure that you have the support you need for a hassle-free and comfortable trip.

The MOBY Move has an ultra-comfortable waist belt, padded shoulder straps and lumber support which distribute the weight evenly for extra comfort over long periods of babywearing.

5. Lightweight, Breathable Mesh Fabric for Cool Babywearing Comfort is not just the fit, it’s also the feel. The MOBY Move has been designed using a blend of lightweight and breathable terylene, polyester and cotton to keep air circulating between you and your baby, ensuring you’re both cool and comfortable while babywearing.

6. Storage Pockets With two storage pockets for your keys, phone, wallet, dummy or spare nappies, running those quick errands has never been easier.

7. Cushioned, Ergonomic Seat with Padded Head & Neck Support Every parent wants to ensure that that their baby has the best support and the MOBY Move has you covered. The ergonomic seat supports all stages from newborn through to toddler and the padded

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head and neck support is another added peace of mind during the early days of development.

8. Newborn to Toddler You’ll be able to carry your baby from a tiny 3.2 kgs right up to 20.4 kgs. The carrier also comes with a taller toddler feature ensuring even the tallest toddlers are happy. This carrier will grow with your baby making it the only carrier you’ll need.

9. Privacy Hood with UPF 45+ Sun Protection When your little one needs a nap or has had enough of the bright sunlight, the privacy hood with UPF 45+ sun protection is all you need to give them the break they need.

10. Machine Washable Whether your baby has dribbled all over your carrier or it’s just due for a wash, your MOBY Move is easy to clean. Place in a large wash bag and put in the washing machine on a cold cycle with gentle spin and let it air dry and 3,2,1 your carrier looks as good as new!

One Mum tested the new MOBY Move All-Position Carrier and here is what she had to say: “I absolutely love this carrier! The ease of setting it up is amazing. I have an 8-monthold and he has just started sitting in the forward-facing position. My son is quite small and I loved how I could adjust the seat so that his legs are comfortable and well positioned, not like my current carrier where his legs look like they are too far spread apart. I was also impressed with how much easier it is to adjust the straps to achieve a good fit for both me and baby. Now one feature I loved most was the 2 pockets. There is one at the top of the carrier which perfect for dummies and a teething toy and the one on the belt is big enough for my keys, phone, cash and credit cards which was super handy when going for a quick walk to around the local park, no more extra bag for those quick outings. With the weather warming up I was surprised by how cool both baby and I felt while wearing the carrier, another thing my current carrier doesn’t offer. Overall, I was impressed with the MOBY Move AllPosition Carrier and would definitely recommend this to other parents. I can see the value in how it will grow with my child and be great carrier from birth to toddler years and only wish I had this carrier when my son was a newborn.”

The MOBY Move All-Position Carrier is everything you didn’t know you needed and with so many amazing features, it’s easy to see why so many parents are loving this new carrier. Choosing a carrier doesn’t have to be hard when you choose the MOBY Move, it’s actually quite simple, just like the carrier itself.

You can purchase the new MOBY Move All-Position Carrier exclusively from Baby Bunting nationwide.

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Immunisation: Pros and Cons

Written By: Caroline Meyer

Our immune systems are designed to help protect us against a variety of pathogens. It works quite efficiently most of the time without us even realizing it. Our immune works to kill pathogens or otherwise stop them affecting our health. Some pathogens manage to overwhelm our immune systems due to the pathogen being very strong or our immune system not being strong enough to withstand the onslaught.

Most of the pathogens that are able to run rampant in our system are pathogens that are not recognized as such by the immune and as such, we are not able to resist the infections. This can result in serious illnesses and even death. This is where vaccinations come in. Vaccinations are designed to help our immune system recognize certain pathogens and once recognized, our bodies are able to fight off the germs before they can cause harm. So vaccinations are really just a way of preparing our immune in case we are ever exposed to certain illnesses. Vaccinations work as a preventative so that the diseases are unable to take hold and make use sick.

Vaccinations have been developed for a number of diseases such as polio, measles, whooping cough and tetanus. Ensuring you and your children are vaccinated not only protects you but also prevents the spread of these serious diseases within communities in general.

How do vaccinations work?

Our immune system is made up of a number of different types of cells. These cells are 72

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“Our immune system is made up of a number of different types of cells.

These cells are designed to help prevent infection as well as get rid of harmful pathogens that invade the body..�

designed to help prevent infection as well as get rid of harmful pathogens that invade the body. Before they can do so, they have to be able to recognize these germs as being harmful to the body. This is what vaccinations do. It helps the body recognize pathogens and build up cells that will defend against the specific diseases should you be exposed to them. They will remember the antigens that cause the infections and be able to mount a resistance quickly and efficiently if infected in the future.

The vaccination consists of a safe version of a specific disease in the form of a weakened pathogen, a toxoid which contains toxins made by the pathogen, an inactive or dead form of the pathogen or a sugar or protein included in the pathogens makeup. Your own immune then responds to the vaccine by mounting an immune response.

You are then equipped to fight off the pathogen. The vaccines are most often given as an injection containing an antigen (the material your immune has to recognize) and an adjuvant. The adjuvant sends a warning to your body of danger which helps your immune spring in to action immediately to fight off the infection. This then develops your immunity.

Schedule of Vaccinations It is important, especially for infants that they are vaccinated according to the timeline required and that they receive all the doses. Some are given immediately after birth and others require multiple doses before they are considered to be fully operational.

Hepatitis B vaccines are given at birth, a second vaccination at 1 to 2 months and a third vaccination at 6 to 18 months. The Rotavirus vaccine is given at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months. The DTaP vaccination (diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough) is given at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and at 16 to 18 months. It is recommended to get another one every 10 years thereafter. Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) and Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV13 is given at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and a final one at 12 to 15 months.

IPV or Inactivate Polio Vaccine is given at 2 months, 4 months, between 6 and 18 months and a final vaccine at 4 to 6 years. The MMR or measles, mumps, rubella vaccination is given at 12 to 15 months and again at 4 to 6 years. Influenza vaccine is given at 6 months for the 1st time and is usually repeated annually. Varicella vaccine is given at 12 to 15 months and again at 4 to 6 years.

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Hepatitis A is given at 12 to 23 months with a 2nd shot 6 months after the first. HPV or Human papillomavirus is given at between 11 and 12 years old with a second shot 6 months afterwards. Meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) is done at 11 to 12 years old with a booster at 16 years old. The Serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) is done at 16 to 18 years old.

Pneumococcal (PPSV23) is recommended at any age after 19. The Herpes zoster (Shingles— RZV formulation) is usually done as two doses at 50 years old.

Vaccinations Are Safe Vaccines undergo a rigorous set of clinical trials and studies after research has been completed to ensure they are safe before they are released for use by the general public. There is an overwhelming amount of research on the current vaccines proving their effectiveness and safety. Any side effects are minimal and are usually extremely mild. Being exposed to the pathogens without having being vaccinated can result in severe illness and death. The potential for extremely mild side effects, if any, is worth bearing instead of dying from a preventable illness.

The Positives Vaccinations help prevent many dangerous illnesses that can cause harm to the body and even result in death. Vaccines are well researched and extensively tested and also checked by regulating authorities before being deemed as safe for use by the general public. Vaccines protect you and your loved ones and also those around you that cannot 74

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be vaccinated due to other serious conditions. Vaccination also prevents the spread of deadly illnesses in communities where there are many unvaccinated people.

The Negatives People with weakened immune systems may not be able to have vaccinations or may only be able to have vaccinations under supervision and constant vigilance. The vaccinations are made with a variety of different components and you may experience different reactions to the various vaccines. While most vaccines may be fine, you may experience a mild allergic reaction to a certain vaccine. If you have had an allergic reaction to a vaccine in the past, you are likely to experience the reaction again at any follow up vaccines or boosters. It is still possible to contract the illness even if you have been vaccinated, though this is fairly rare. Most people will not experience side effects and those that do, they are typically quite mild. Potential side effects include: muscle weakness, fever, pain at the site or in the joints near the site, swelling and redness at the injection site, sleep disturbances, fatigue, hearing, vision and memory loss, muscle paralysis in a certain area of the body and seizures.

Risk factors of experiencing side effects include being ill at the time of the vaccine, having a family history of reactions to vaccines or having a suppressed or weakened immune system. It is extremely rare to suffer from a life-threatening reaction to a vaccine. There is a much higher chance of contracting the disease and dying as a result of not being vaccinated as opposed to the rare chance of a fatality from the vaccine itself.

Vaccinations In Children Infants from vaccinated mothers have a natural immunity in the first few months, but thereafter they are susceptible to these serious, debilitating illnesses unless they are vaccinated. Vaccines protect your child from diseases that can be carried by friends, family, classmates and care givers. This is extremely important to protect infants while their immune system is still gaining strength, along with the boosters at school going age to help bolster their defences. Immunisation prevents up to 3 million deaths per year, so there really should be no reason not to have your chid immunised.

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Written by Caroline Meyer

TODDLER DIET AND OBESITY RISKS

Diet is important at every stage of life and especially so during the growth phases. The quantities and types of food that children eat can have a big impact on their health and wellbeing. Obesity or being overweight is based on the level of body fat that a person may have. When a child or adult is obese it can lead to serious health complications as well as issues of body image late in life. Obesity, when not as a result of an illness or disease is generally caused from eating the incorrect foods or eating too much food in relation to the amount of energy that is used during physical activity and normal body processes.

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Risk factors for obesity include genetic history and medical factors, lack of physical activity, role models that are overweight, lack of sleep, unhealthy foods and drinks, overeating. Erratic eating habits, constant snacking, emotional eating and binge eating junk food can all lead to obesity.

Coupled with normal or lower than normal physical activity means that these extra, empty calories are stored as fat and the child might have a much harder time losing this excess weight as they grow.

Besides eating unhealthy foods and drinking sugary drinks, toddlers are often given far larger portions than what they need to eat for healthy growth. This can often result in them eating a lot more than they need. A study has shown that offering children larger portions results in them eating 25% more than what they actually need to feel full. This can also result in unwanted weight gain.

What Can You Do? Offer plenty whole foods 78

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such as vegetables, fruit, wholegrains, lean protein, nuts, seeds and low fat dairy products. Limit the intake of sugary drinks and fatty foods. Limit junk food to an occasional snack. Keep the portions to an appropriate amount based on the size and age of the toddler.

Start off with a healthy breakfast to prevent snacking or overeating at lunch. Offer healthy snacks if they do feel the need to refuel before the next main meal. Apple slices or carrot sticks can be a fun, crunchy and enjoyable snacks. Fresh fruit is a good option, but if not available, you can also offer dry fruit.

Try and offer plant based foods as they are nutritious and contain fibre which fills them up with healthy produce full of vitamins and minerals. Offer high-fibre bread instead of processed bread and keep the proteins and dairy to the lean/low fat varieties. Toddlers that eat a lot of whole foods are 40% less likely to be overweight.

Allow your toddler to eat until they are full and don’t force kids to eat everything on their plates. Offer a variety of foods so that they are still

getting the nutrients they need without having to clean the plate. This will also help them know what being full feels like and curb overeating past the stage of satiety.

Eating together as a family is also a good way to ensure your toddler eats right. Toddlers learn from example and will enjoy eating the same foods as the rest of the family. Families that eat together have a reduced risk of eating disorders and obesity. Limit eating in front of the tv and cut down on the amount of junk food consumed by the family as a whole.

Encourage your child to be active. Take them to the park or let them play outdoors to encourage running around and burning off excess energy. Play games with them that need active participation.

Have playdates with toddlers of a similar age to encourage play as well as socializing. Make sure they have a bed time routine and get to a good night’s rest. If you are active, you child is also more likely to be active. Try and exercise regularly and encourage your child by example or let your child exercise with you. Try swimming, yoga, dancing and other exercise that you can do together.

Due to genes and genetics, some children have a higher risk of becoming obese. You can reduce the risks by ensuring a healthy lifestyle and healthy choices for the whole family. Spend time outdoors, avoid using technology as a baby sitter and make sure you put aside enough time to play with your toddler. This will all help towards ensuring a better chance of keeping their weight in check and reduce the risks of developing obesity. Do not put your child on diet; instead change the lifestyle of your whole family, encouraging healthy eating, regular exercise and good sleep. If you have any concerns with regards to your toddler’s weight, check with your doctor.

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T O Y r e v i e w s

by: SHEREE HODDINETT OCTOBER 2019 | My Child

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JELLYCAT STARRY EYED DRAGON $39.95

5/5

W a it a m i n ty mo men t , it ’ s S t a r r y-Eyed Dragon! This wee dragonling is le ar ni ng t o b e f ie r ce, b u t t h os e b ig s p ar klin g eyes are just too cute! With scrummy- soft f ur , waggl y e a rs, s w e e t l i t t le h o r n s a n d a fa n c y arrow tail, we think this scamp is perf e c t al r e ad y .

He w on ’t m i n d if yo u c a r r y h im by his long f urry green tail, and he’ll p r ot e c t y ou w it h h i s l i t t l e glit t er y h o r n s . H e enjoys going on adventures, playing with ot he r sof t t o ys, a n d h e e sp ec ially lo ves it when you stroke his f ur. The friendliest and swe e t e st dra gon t h a t i s g u a r a n t eed t o n ever breathe fire, you’ll want to rug u p wi t h y our S t a rr y - E y e d D r a g o n t o y a lwa ys .

Our V e r d i ct – I ’ m s uch a s uck er, a s a lwa y s! Wh o c ou ld t u rn d own t h is ad o r a b l e a n d e x t re m e l y cu t e dragon? ! There’ s s omet h in g sp ec ia l a b ou t t h e my t h ic a l c rea tu r es wh en t he y h a v e s u ch a s weet face. Now if h e’d b een a f ire b rea t h in g d ra gon i t mi g h t b e a d if f e r e n t s t o r y ! H e ’ s got the “ love me” look writ t en a ll ov er h im a n d on c e a g a i n I c a n ’ t re sist th e ch a r m of a s oft toy. H e’ s a d ra gon t h a t ’s p erf ec t f or a ll a ges!

Ava i l abl e fro m: Yel l ow O ctopu s, Beser k, L il T r easur es, Send A T o

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CLASSIC WOODEN PUSH-A-LONG UNICORN $17.95

4/5

A t r a d i t i on a l p u s h -a -lo n g t o y, w h ich is great for helping build f ine moto r sk i l l s and ma de f r o m s u s t ain ab ly s o u r c ed t imber, this sweet unicorn is a dazzling d e l i ght f or e ve r y o n e s h e en c o u n t er s !

Our ver d i ct – T he mys te rious and m y t h ic a l u n ic orn is a firm fa v ou rit e f or m a n y y o u n g and lit tl e g i r l s and as always my gir ls lov e it ! Th ey a re a lrea d y figh t in g ov e r wh o s e tu r n it is t o p l a y w i t h the pre tty unicorn n ext ! Sh e get s p u sh ed f orwa rd , p rop elled b a c k wa r d s , f ast , s l o w , o v e r bumps , along high wa lls, p ret t y mu c h ev ery wh ere t h eir ima g i n a ti o n l ets the m h a v e s o m e fun!

Ava i l abl e fro m: Th e S u perco ol

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VTECH KIDIZOOM SMARTWATCH DX2.0 RED WITH UNICORNS $89.95

5/5

T he p e r f e c t t ec h fo r kid s , t h e K i dizoom Smartwatch DX 2 lets them tak e p i c t ur e s, v ide o s , p l a y g a m es , t ell t ime an d more! Featuring a new sleek and sty l i sh d e si gn, this d u r a b l e s mar t w at c h in c lu d es 5 5 digital and analogue customisable wat c h f ac e s to hel p k i d s l e ar n t o t ell t im e. T h is smartwatch f eatures two cameras that al l ow y our c hild t o c a p tu re ever yt h in g fr o m action video to selfies that can be cu st om i se d i n the Si l l y Y ou r s elf ap p a n d ma d e in to new watch faces. Includes an assort m e nt of ne w g a m e s i n c l u d i n g Mo n s t er Cat c h er , which uses the camera and augment e d r e al i t y t o h e lp ki d s f i n d an d c a p t u r e m o n s t ers in the real world. Kids can also use t he wat c h’ s m o t io n s e n s or fo r ac t ive p lay c h allenges or to track steps. Using the incl ud e d Mi c r oUSB c a b l e , u p l oad p h o t o s an d videos as well as recharge the battery. The Ki d i z oom S m a r t w a tc h DX2 is a g r eat mu lt ifunction watch like Mum & Dad’s, but de si gne d j ust for kids!

Ou r v e r d i ct – With my e lde s t daught er (n ow 6) st a rt in g t o t a ke a n in t erest in l ea r n i n g th e tim e , t h i s w a t ch is pe rfe ct for the job ! We’re st a rt in g off slow get t in g u sed to th e i d ea o f tim e i t s e l f a n d us ing digital but the a im will b e t o t a ke on a n a logu e a s wel l , wh i c h th i s wat c h g i v e s b o t h options ! It’ s ama z in g t o h a v e a ll t h ese “t oy s” a t ou r d isp o s a l to d a y .

Whe n I w a s g r o wing up, we had to lea rn t o t ell t h e t ime t h e “h a rd ” wa y , h a h a ! O n e o f th e b igg e s t d r a w ca rds to this s martwatc h d ef in it ely b oils d own t o t h e u n ic orn s a s wel l , wh i c h i s a b i g w i n n e r with my girly girl! I c a n see it b ein g u sed more a s a p la y in g to y to s ta r t wit h b u t I ’m h o p eful over time , it’ ll b e a b ig h elp in b ein g a b le t o t ell t h e t im e p r o p er l y !

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VTECH ZOOMIZOOZ ANIMAL TRAIN $24.95

4/5

A ll a b oa r d ! Welc o m e t o t h e c u t e Z oomiZ ooz Animal Train! Come and m e e t t he frie nd l y , c ol l e c ta b le Zo o m iZo o z a nimal characters. Place the Rabbit or El e p hant on the t wi s t a n d sw in g s ee-s aw t o magically hear them introduced by nam e , wi t h f un a nim a l c h a r a c ter is t ic s . P r es s t h e funnel to bounce the animals onto the t r ai n wagon the n p u l l or p us h t h e t r ain t o s ee them wobble and roll. With more than 50 songs, me lo d i e s , s o u nd s an d p h r as es , t h e Z oomiZ ooz Animal Train teaches abo ut ani m al s, ca use a n d e f f e c t , h an d -eye c o o r d ination and pretend play.

Our V e r d i ct – Little ones w ho love a n ima ls a re in for a t rea t wit h t h is la tes t o f f er i n g f ro m V t e ch . A mix ture of fun, nois e a n d ed u c a t ion a ll a t t h e sa me t ime a l wa y s m a k es f o r a g o o d t o y . L e arning through pl a y is a lwa y s t h e b est wa y t o t ea c h kid s b ec a u s e i t’ s at t he i r p a ce a n d the y don’ t alw ays kn ow t h ey a re a c t u a lly lea rn in g! Alt h ou g h my g i r l s are st a r t i n g t o move be yond w hat they c a ll “b a b y ” t oy s, t h a t st ill d oesn ’t st op th em f r o m p lay in g w i t h th e m. Every button that c a n b e p u sh ed c op s it . Ev ery n oise t h a t c a n c o me f ro m a to y , th e y ’ ll find a w ay to make it h a p p en ! I t h in k d eep d own , ev en t h ou g h th ey c a l l the m b a b y to y s , they s till get a k ick ou t of p la y in g wit h t h em a n d a c t u a lly en j o y i t to o !

Ava i l abl e fro m: B i g W , good to y stor es and online r etailer s. v tech.co m . au OCTOBER 2019 | My Child

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phobias, tantrums and fears WRITTEN BY: CAROLINE MEYER

EVERYONE FEELS AFRAID SOMETIMES AND FOR CHILDREN THIS CAN BE A LOT MORE OFTEN THAN FOR ADULTS AS THERE ARE SO MANY NEW AND POTENTIALLY SCARY THINGS IN THEIR LIVES. Fear is designed to make us cautious and to react to danger and is a completely normal reaction. Little babies and kids can react with fear to new people, loud sounds and many other issues that adults may longer react to.

Infants are particularly prone to stranger anxiety and as soon as they are able to recognize faces, a new face may be scary to them. This can result in clinginess, crying and other fear reactions.

For toddlers, separation anxiety can be a major fear. They do not yet understand that the parent will be back and they feel extreme fear of being apart from the parent. This can also be demonstrated as clinginess, crying and other fear reaction. This is often seen when the child is dropped at a day-care or the parents leave the child with a care giver and they go out. It can also happen at bedtime where the child does not want the parent to leave the room.

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As they get a little older and the imagination starts to kick in, small children start fearing things that do not necessarily exist. This is the monster in the closet or under the bed stage.

They are not yet able to completely differentiate between what is imaginary and what is real so the fear of “monsters� can be a very real fear and cannot always be reasoned away.

They may also be afraid of loud noises such as storms, fireworks etc. and may also exhibit a fear of the dark.

other schoolwork. This can even include fears based on how they look or their social standing.

While most fears are common and many are outgrown, when a fear becomes irrational and persistent to the point on intense anxiety and panic, this is a phobia and may need treatment by a professional in order to address it. Much of the time the phobias can be avoided, but some can be debilitating if they include common situations or things that After the age of 7, kids are encountered regularly start to fear dangers such as the fear of spiders. that can happen as opposed to imaginary creatures. This may Phobias refer to extreme include fear of someone fear of certain things or dying, fear of being hurt, of being in a particular fear of strangers, fear of s i t u a t i o n . S o m e o f someone being in their the more commonly home that can harm them encountered phobias or others, fear of natural include blood, heights, disasters and other very injections, storms, clowns, real occurrences. They the dark and spiders. may also feel fear of not These phobias can result being able to fit in with in panic attacks which others, failing at school include light-headedness, or anxiety for tests and breathlessness, a racing

heartbeat, sweating, a tight chest and possibly a flight or fight reaction.

Phobias can cause extreme distress and if the phobia is debilitating for the child, you should contact a professional for assistance. Around 70% of severe anxiety can be treated without the need for medication. This is done through cognitive behavioural therapy.

A fear or phobia is not a tantrum and should not be discounted. Instead, try and help your child understand why they are feeling the way they are and give them techniques to deal with their anxiety.

If a fear reaction to something is a once-off, you don’t need to refer to worry about it. If it happens continuously or affects the quality of your child’s life, you need to take steps to help your child deal with the phobia. The Australian mental health services are a useful resource to assist you with getting help for a child suffering from phobias.

and reassure them that you are there to protect them. Accept that their fear is real and spend time just soothing and holding them so they can feel safe. If they are old enough to articulate their fear, let them tell you about it. Find out what is making them anxious.

Talking about the fear is often a way to resolve it. Once you understand what is making them scared and can explain some of the negative feelings away you can also reduce the level of fear from it. For example explaining a storm and how the rain helps water the garden may help your child handle the sounds of thunder. Talk in a calm and soothing voice and help them explain how they feel. You can also let them try different things so that they are not automatically afraid of something new.

Don’t brush off their fears or condescend to them when talking about what is making them scared.

Help them handle their fears with you instead of things leading to tantrums Some Tips To Help Your and tears. Teach them Child Deal With Their about the things that Fears: scare them such as dogs, spiders, snakes, birds and so forth. Let them know For younger children, to be cautious without a you can comfort them

debilitating fear. Avoid watching movies that contain scary animals or other creatures as this can reinforce their fears or start new ones.

Teach them how to cope with their fears with you there are backup and support. You are their security blanket that lets them venture out and come back to you when they need comfort. Let them say positive things such as “I am brave” when they are feeling anxious.

Being allowed to confront their fears without being forced and with you fully supporting them will help them overcome their fears or be able to deal with them in a healthy way. You can also teach them selfcalming exercises and visualisations in order to help reduce their anxiety.

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written by: Lance Green

dad’s moods linked to child development

Life is full of stress and anxiety. Add to this worrying about not being a good enough Dad and not being able to give them everything you think you should and the pressure can become very intense. This can lead to you becoming grumpy, depressed and generally in a bad mood. Studies show that these bad moods can actually effect your child’s behavioural and mental development.

You have to take time out for yourself. You need to relax and pursue some of your own hobbies and stress relieving activities to improve your mood and actually improve your effect on your children. Michigan State University recently published findings detailing how Dad’s mental health and mood can have an effect, either positive or negative depending on the moods displayed in front of the children.

This means it is even more important to chill out and be in a better mood when you are around your kids.

The study was done based on 730 families, based mainly in low-income groups. The study examined parentingrelated stress and set questionnaires for the parents and examined development in the children, especially toddlers and young children. Parents that demonstrated a more negative view towards parenting and their children such as feeling trapped by their responsibilities or feeling that their children do not hold affection for them, were determined to have higher parenting stress. These fathers had children that showed significantly lower than average language development. Their language skills at age 3 were below the average and this impacted both boys and girls.

Sons appeared to be impacted more than daughters. The study also found, that even if Mum was very positive and optimistic towards parenting, children with Dads who had poor moods and high stress were still negatively influenced.

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Over the long term, the mental health of both parents had a significant effect on behaviour and cognitive development but depression on the part of Dad during the infant years had a lot more influence than that of the Mum. In the past it was believed that Dads only set the tone in the household but the Mum had the most influence on the children, but this study showed that both parents had an impact with fathers have direct effects on children’s mental health, behaviour and development over the short and long term. One good outcome of the study was to indicate that fathers have a positive impact as well as a negative depending on their outlook. If fathers take on larger parenting roles, show less stress and unhappiness and are more optimistic in their parenting styles, they can offer beneficial effects to their children’s development.

Dads can have a huge impact on their son’s language skills and sons are also more likely to emulate their father in speech and behaviours. Girls are also effected, but to a lesser degree. So Dad, unless you want your toddler cursing like a sailor, you might want to curse in “sherbet” and “biscuits” in future. High levels of depression can also impact toddler’s social skills negatively. If you find you are suffering from high levels of stress, anxiety and even depression, you might want to consult a professional to reduce the potential impact on your children and obviously for the betterment of your own mental health.

In the words of the best actors, sometimes you have to fake it until you make it. Don’t be afraid to ask for help and do your best to stay optimistic and positive around the kids. Parenting is a joint endeavour and if you find you are not coping, open up to your partner, parent or friend to get assistance. Taking care of your own mental health means offer a better future to your kids as well.

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CAROLINE MEYER

written by:

conversational topics to build your relationship

Lack of communication can be the death of an otherwise great relationship.

When one or both partners are no longer able to voice their thoughts and concerns or when all conversations end up in an argument, the relationship is usually headed towards a downward spiral.

It is extremely important to a relationship that you take the time to sit down and have one on one conversations with your partner. This might feel a bit awkward at the start if you are forcing communication, but it will get easier. Being able to talk to your partner is essential for establishing and maintaining a long term relationship.

You have to be prepared to share things with your partner that you wouldn’t with anyone else. You should feel comfortable being vulnerable in front of each other. You should be able to share the more intimate emotions and those feelings that may be difficult to express. True intimacy comes from sharing your hearts and minds and not just your bodies.

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other will never be as close as those who share everything.

Continuous distancing will often lead to distrust and insecurity and ultimately a breakup.

So how can you keep the conversation flowing? Let’s look at some of the topics you can discuss to bring out the thoughts and emotions that help you bond closer together in a relationship.

Let’s Talk About Sex Physical intimacy is a huge part of most relationships, but how many people discuss their needs and wants with their partners?

Don’t be afraid to raise the topic and talk to your partner about needs you may have or if you are experiencing increases or decreases in libido. Talk about your fantasies, even if they are not discussed as a need for wish fulfilment, just to hear what is going on in your partner’s head. Discuss what works and what doesn’t. Often people use the lack of sexual fulfilment in a relationship as a reason for

cheating on their partners. If you can discuss your needs and work towards a solution that makes both of you happy, there should be no need for your partner to stray.

Establish The Boundaries Everyone has their comfort zones, their little niggles and pet peeves. It is important that your significant other knows which buttons they shouldn’t push. Some things may annoy while others can leave you feeling disrespected or even unsafe. Find out what would be a deal breaker to your partner. Tell them the things that may make you end the relationship if the boundary is crossed. Knowing where the boundaries lie will make a partner a lot less likely to cross them. Don’t wait until the boundary is crossed before making it known that it is a boundary.

Needs And Fears This is a conversation that needs to be had early on in a relationship. You may feel like two halves of a whole but you are both individuals and your needs and wants from the relationship may differ. Discuss what you need from each other such as support, loyalty, honesty, protection, enjoyment, company and more. Discuss your needs as an individual for time away from your partner to pursue you own interests or simply some personal time to do things you enjoy that your partner may not. Privacy and space is just as important as spending time together, so negotiate this upfront. While you are discussing what you need from the relationship, you also need to plan for how to handle situations that arise that may crack your foundations a bit. Talk about concerns such as health issues, job losses, travelling for work or any other crises that may have you worried. Discussing how you will handle problems together will go a long way to relieving anxiety that can drive a wedge between you.

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It is almost impossible to have a great relationship without bumping heads a few times along the way. It’s how you handle these situations that makes the difference. Don’t sweep it under the rug and hope it goes away, because it is only likely to escalate and become worse in the long run. Learn to fight fair. Avoid hurling insults or bringing up the past in a particular discussion. Discuss any hurtful behaviour that happens when you argue and both partners should try and change these behaviours. Try and discuss things rationally and productively and reach a compromise as far as possible. Causing personal pain can be remembered long after the actual argument has been forgotten.

Talk About The Money Money is another big issue in relationships. It is important to discuss money issues right from the get go. You need to discuss what you are bringing to the table, any expenses that will become a problem for your partner as well in a long term relationship. Talk about combined and separate finances and how you plan to handle all the shared expenses. Set limits on spending on certain things if needed and talk about what level of expenditure needs input from both partners and what doesn’t. Talk about saving for goals and how to curb impulsive spending. The less mystery there is when it comes to finances, the less likely there are to be arguments over it.

Family And Kids While these topics may not be necessary at the beginning of a relationship, once it starts looking serious, you will want to discuss the issue of having kids. Whether you and your partner want children can be a make or break discussion. If either of you want children and the other doesn’t, this is a massive incompatibility that isn’t likely to sort itself out. If you both decide that you want children, you will also need to discuss how you plan to parent them. This allows you to talk about your opinions and make sure you are at least in the same book even if you aren’t on the exact same page. Once the kids arrive, you need 98

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to keep up these conversations as your original opinions are likely to change a lot. You will also need to discuss interactions with each other’s family, especially if you are likely to end up with a blended family. Talk about boundaries and levels of interaction and even what will happen if the families don’t like the opposite partner. This allows you to be united in front of the families and strengthen your relationship and resolve.

Housework And Time Together One or both of you may have a full time career, but it is still essential to make time for each other and for the family. If either of you feel that work is taking up too much time and that the relationship is being harmed by it, it is important to discuss these issues with your partner. You may be able to compromise so that neither partner feels neglected. Another major issue that needs to be discussed is housework. Even if one partner is home more than the other, this does not mean all the housework should fall on the shoulders of one person. In an ideal world, both partners will contribute equally, but this isn’t always possible. Discuss who will do what and what things you should do for yourself and not rely on someone else to do it for you. Sharing out the housework and pulling your own weight in the home will also help strengthen a relationship and ensure it lasts.

Even if you have to set aside time in the week to sit down and have a chat, you should do so. Some people find the after dinner hours is a good time to chat about their day and also look in to some of the more intense discussions that are so important in a relationship. Don’t be afraid to be open and vulnerable with your partner and don’t set any subject off limits.

Talk often and openly and your relationship should go from strength to strength.

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I’M JUST A MUM! WRITTEN BY: SHEREE HODDINETT

How often have you muttered the phrase “I’m just a Mum” knowing full well you are more than that?! We all know there’s more to our lives than just being a Mum but it is possibly the biggest title we reluctantly give ourselves as our children rule our lives.

Don’t get me wrong, being Mummy to my two beautiful girls is a big deal, but I know there is more to life than being their mum 24/7. But in all honesty I think I’ve forgotten what else I can be capable of at times and just give in.

Don’t take that as giving up, I’ve done that at times, but more like resigning myself to the idea that my two little taskmasters require me to take the lead in their lives more than my own. Who am I kidding?! I’m a snack retriever/bum wiper/cleaner and every other title you can think of, that’s more than just being a mum, right?!

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I’ve often wondered exactly what type of mum I am.

Which heading do I fall under? I’m no perfectionist so that rules that one out. I’m laid back but I wouldn’t call myself a casual mum by any means. Once upon a time I was a bit of a helicopter mum but I broke that typecast when I had a second child and pretty much let her fend for herself. I’m kidding, of course, I still look after her but she is more of a wild child than her older sister.

I’m pretty sure she stacks it more than anyone and I’m guessing broken bone or at least stitches coming her way at some point. Fingers crossed it doesn’t happen of course! As for the title, I know I definitely won’t win Mother of the Year… ever! Bogan Mum maybe?

Sometimes my appearance just oozes it but at least I’m comfortable!

I know deep down I’m more than just a mother, but to my little girls I am their world so I am just mum to them. Except when they drive me crazy, so every other day really! When you become a mother, you don’t ever stop. You might lose a sense of who you once were, but it comes with the new territory. But one thing is for certain, don’t ever mess with a mother because they will fiercely protect their child, unless they fill some need to disown them in that moment.

I have had that thought once or twice before, especially when copping some serious attitude, which is most days now I have a 6 going on 16-year-old who knows everything about the world!

There are days I’m rocking the gig of being a mum and others where every step I take feels like it’s in the wrong direction and nothing goes right. Would I change anything? Absolutely. Which parts? I’m not really sure but there’s always something I could have done better. I yell when I really shouldn’t, but it gets the attention I’ve spent 10 minutes asking nicely for. I swear when my girls frustrate me and it produces a reaction. It’s just not as funny when I hear them say it (okay, maybe it’s a little funny) and silently curse myself for raising two miniature versions of myself.

I live in hope that maybe one day I’ll get it right but for now it’s one day at a time, because they are only little for such a short time and it’s flying by!

But if there’s one thing that frustrates me to no end is the constant competition between mothers out there - mums who work, mums who stay at home, mums who work from home (that’s me!), mums who juggle everything. Then there’s another category of single

mums and those who have full custody of their kids and those who share (also another one for me!). There are times I’m told how lucky I am to actually get a break from my girls. Yep, I’m so lucky that I get to have them leave me for a number of days and nights at a time.

Don’t get me wrong the kid free time has its perks (hello quiet time to work) but I also find that I miss them and I’m missing out on some pretty big stuff, all because of a situation that’s out of my hands. I’m not looking for sympathy, we all have our ups and downs, but merely pointing out that no one has an ideal scenario, no matter how you “mum” out there, we’re all dealing with our own stuff! There’s no secret we all judge each other, we are human, but we could all spend a bit more time being supporting each other as well!

If you ever need a laugh or just to commiserate, follow the fun of my parenting journey over at: www.shereekim.com. I can’t promise you sunshine and butterflies but definitely honest parenting at its finest!

Until next time… always remember to hide the chocolate, you deserve it more than the kids!

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EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT YOUR BABY’S POO!

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Wouldn’t it be great if you could tell what’s going on in your baby’s tummy just by looking at them? Babies pull all sorts of funny faces, go red in the face and can look distressed all in the name of ‘doing a poo’! So, while it can be common for babies to have pains in their tummy, sometimes an underlying issue can be causing your baby problems. It can be difficult to know if something is wrong but often there are clues if you know where to look – their poo.

What is normal poo?

When your baby enters the world, you can expect their poo to be a dark green, almost black, sticky tarry mess in their first few days of life – this is normal. It’s called meconium and is the by-product of your baby being in the womb for nine months. This quickly changes colour. The hardest part is cleaning it off their skin and yours if you’re not careful.

As your baby grows and their feeding becomes established, you can expect to see many changes in colour and consistency. This can range from yellow to frothy to green before progressing to brown as they move to solids. It can be loose with little bits in it and even appear to vanish for days in breastfed babies – often reappearing after a symphony of farts!

Why are we talking about baby poo?

Owned by the Australian Government, Pregnancy, Birth and Baby is a helpline and website that supports expecting parents, families and carers with health and wellbeing of children up to five years of age.

Dianne Zalitis, Midwife and Clinical Lead for Pregnancy, Birth and Baby, says “We get asked many and varied questions about poo from parents so we created an infographic and webpage to guide them through the range of what is normal and when things are not.

“It’s not unusual for parents to think their baby is constipated when they haven’t done one for a few days. For most babies this is perfectly normal, particularly if they’re being breast-fed or the next poo is soft,” says Dianne.

How your baby is fed can change the colour of their poo. Babies that are fed on breast milk tend to have mustard yellow poo which can be a little runny, while formula-fed babies can have poo that’s green in colour. This is also normal as the colour variation is due to the iron found in baby formula.

What’s Not Normal?

Dianne says constipation and runny poo could be a sign your child is unwell. “It’s important to know what is normal for your baby and then seek help if things change. There are some other colours that shouldn’t be in your baby’s poo and if your baby has any of these it’s a good idea to see your doctor. And while it sounds yucky, take the nappy with you so your doctor can see for themselves.

The Baby poo infographic is available on the Pregnancy, Birth and Baby website. It can be used as a simple guide, so parents know they need to take action if they notice red, white or black discolouration in their child’s poo. These are indicators that parents really need to consult their doctor.

About Pregnancy, Birth and Baby The Pregnancy, Birth and Baby service is funded by the Australian Government. The helpline is staffed by maternal child health nurses who provide reassurance and guidance on their child’s behavioural and developmental concerns, while also providing referrals to local health services when necessary. Call the helpline on 1800 882 436 or visit pregnancybirthbaby.org.au. Video consultations are available via the website from 7am to midnight.

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Baby poo guide All babies poo - but how often and what it looks like is usually a mystery until the nappy comes off.

There is a variety of colours and textures when it comes to baby poo and most of them are normal.

Some babies will poo every time they feed and others may go a few days without one. This will depend on their age, whether they are breastfed or formula fed, and if they have started on solids.

If you have any concerns about your baby’s health, speak to your doctor or child health nurse.

Green / black (sticky tar-like) This is normal for your baby’s first poo. It’s called ‘meconium’ and will change in the first couple of days.

!

If you see any of the following types of poo in your baby’s nappy, see your doctor and take a sample or the nappy with you.

Red Blood in your baby’s poo could be from constipation, if mum has cracked/bleeding nipples, or due to something more serious.

Mustard yellow For a breastfed baby, this is normal. It will be loose and a bit runny.

Chalk white White or grey poo is not normal and could be a sign of a liver problem.

Darker yellow Formula fed babies tend to have darker and slightly firmer poo.

Black Baby poo should only be green or black during the first few days; after that it could be a sign of something more serious.

Frothy green Can happen with babies breastfed from both breasts frequently. Try feeding until one breast is drained before switching.

Constipation Dark green Sometimes found with babies on formula.

Usually because of the iron found in the formula and nothing to worry about.

Green / brown As you start to introduce solid food, this will be one of the many shades you can expect to see in your baby’s nappy.

Babies often strain, make noises and go red in the face when they are doing a normal poo, but signs of constipation can include: • a hard and dry poo • a firm and pebble-like poo • your baby being upset • poo with a streak of blood Fully breastfed babies shouldn't get constipation. If you are feeding with formula, make sure the mix is correct.

Diarrhoea Orange Another example of the variety of colours solid foods can produce in your baby’s poo.

Brown As they get older, your baby’s poo will be more like grown-up poo.

Call us on 1800 882 436 or visit pregnancybirthbaby.org.au

Baby poo tends to be quite runny, particularly before they start on solids, but if they become more runny and more frequent than usual, it could be diarrhoea. Signs include: • a watery poo • more poo than usual • baby is also unwell, particularly vomiting • baby doesn't want to feed If your baby is either constipated or has diarrhoea, visit your doctor or child health nurse.

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fashion OCTOBER 2019 | My Child

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girls FASHION 110

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BABY Baby Romper & Hat $25.00 Baby Girl Soft Sole Frill Sandal $12.00

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GIRLS Toddler Girls Woven Dress $20.00 Toddler Girl Glitter Sandal $12.00

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UNDER $40 oshkosh.com.au BOYS Striped Jersey Polo $30.00 Flat-Front Shorts $28.00 Boat Shoes $40.00

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BOYS Dolce & Gabbana Mini Me Graphic T-Shirt Superhero $255.00 Dolce & Gabbana Bermudas $275.00 Reebok Classic Nylon Sneakers Reebok X The Animals Observatory $107.00

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gingham margot dress $54.95

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pinafore chambray dress $49.95

jeanne dress $44.95 122

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sweatshirt jimmy shorts $34.95

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chambray dreamer pants $44.95

romper $34.95 126

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sun-san surfer sandals $89.95

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recipes sourced from: tasteofhome.com OCTOBER 2019 | My Child

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Quick & Easy Brown Sugar & Banana Oatmeal INSTRUCTIONS

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1

in a small saucepan, bring milk to a boil; stir in oats. cook over medium heat for 1-2 minutes or until thickened, stirring occasionally.

2

stir in the banana, brown sugar, honey and cinnamon. serve with additional milk and cinnamon if desired.

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prep time: 10 mins cook time: 2 mins serves: 3 INGREDIENTS 2 cup fat-free milk quick-cooking 1 cup oats ripe banana, 1 large sliced 2 tsp brown sugar 1 tsp honey ground cinna1/2 tsp mons

Quick & Easy Fruit Cup with Citrus Sauce INSTRUCTIONS 1

2

in a small bowl, combine the orange juice, grape juice, lemon juice and sugar; mix well. In a large bowl, combine the fruit; add juice mixture and toss to coat.

prep time: 10 mins chilling time: 2-3 hrs serves: 6

INGREDIENTS cover and refrigerate for 2-3 hours, stirring occasionally. 3/4 cup orange juice 1/4 cup white grape juice garnish with mint if desired.

2 tbsp lemon juice 1 tsp sugar 1.5 cup diced rockmelon halved green 1 cup grapes halved fresh 1 cup strawberries Fresh mint, optional

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Feta Chickpea Salad prep time: 15 mins serves: 6

INSTRUCTIONS 1

place the first 11 ingredients in a large bowl; toss to combine. sprinkle with cheese.

INGREDIENTS chickpea rinsed and 1 can drained coarsely chopped 1.5 cup cucumber 1/4 cup sliced olives, drained 1 med 1/4 cup 1/4 cup 3 tbsp 1 tbsp 1/4 tsp 1/8 tsp 5 cup 1/2 cup

tomato, seeded and chopped thinly sliced red onion chopped fresh parsley olive oil lemon juice salt pepper torn mixed salad greens crumbled feta cheese

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Broccoli Fettuccine Alfredo prep time: 10 mins cook time: 20 mins serves: 4

INSTRUCTIONS 1

cook fettuccine according to package directions. meanwhile, in a large saucepan, bring water and broccoli to a boil. reduce heat; cover and simmer for 4-6 minutes or until crisp-tender. drain.

2

in a large saucepan, melt butter over medium heat. stir in flour until smooth. gradually whisk in milk. bring to a boil; cook and stir for 2 minutes or until thickened. remove from the heat; stir in parmesan cheese and broccoli.

3

drain fettuccine; top with the broccoli mixture.

INGREDIENTS 1 pack fettuccine 2 cup fresh broccoli 3 tbsp butter 1 tbsp all-purpose flour 2/3 cup milk 1/4 cup parmesan cheese

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Balsamic Chicken with Roasted Tomatoes INSTRUCTIONS 1

preheat oven to 200°C. in a small bowl, mix honey and 1 tablespoon oil. add tomatoes and toss to coat. transfer to a greased baking pan. bake 5-7 minutes or until softened

4

pound chicken breasts with a meat mallet, sprinkle with salt and pepper. in a large skillet, heat remaining oil over medium heat. add chicken; cook 5-6 minutes on each side or until no longer pink. serve with roasted tomatoes; drizzle with glaze.

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prep time: 25 mins cook time: 15 mins serves: 4 INGREDIENTS 2 tbsp honey 2 tbsp olive oil 2 cup grape tomatoes boneless skinless 4 chicken breast halves 1/2 tsp salt 1/2 tsp pepper 2 tbsp balsamic glaze

Lemon Salmon with Basil INSTRUCTIONS 1

2

preheat oven to 180°. place salmon in a greased baking pan. drizzle with oil; sprinkle with lemon zest, salt, pepper and 2 tablespoons basil; top with lemon slices. bake 15-20 minutes or until fish just begins to flake easily with a fork. if desired, top with additional basil.

prep time: 10 mins cook time: 20 mins serves: 4 INGREDIENTS 4 salmon fillets 2 tsp olive oil 1 tbsp grated lemon zest 1/2 tsp salt 1/4 tsp pepper 2 tbsp thinly sliced fresh basil 2 med lemons, thinly sliced additional fresh basil

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No-Churn Gingerbread Ice Cream prep time: 15 mins frezzing time: 8 hrs serves: 8 INSTRUCTIONS 1

place heavy cream and marshmallow creme in a food processor; process 10 seconds. add remaining ingredients; process until thickened, about 30 seconds.

2

transfer to freezer containers, allowing headspace for expansion. freeze until firm, 8 hours or overnight.

INGREDIENTS heavy whipping 2 cups cream marshmallow 1 jar fluff 3 tbsp molasses 2 tbsp dark brown sugar 1/2 tsp ground allspice 1/2 tsp ground cloves

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Apricot Sorbet prep time: 5 mins freezing time: 8 hrs serves: 4

INSTRUCTIONS

1

freeze the apricots in a freezer-proof container. place frozen apricots in a blender or food processor; add sugar and lemon juice. cover and process until combined. serve immediately or freeze.

INGREDIENTS apricot halves, undrained 2 tbsp sugar 1 can

1 tbsp lemon juice

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