Pjn vol7 issue3 sep dec 2014 by Dept of Medical Informatics

Pondicherry Journal of Nursing

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Pondicherry Journal of Nursing Advisory Board Prof. Rajaram Pagadala,

Prof. K.R. Sethuraman,

Chancellor, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry.

Vice-chancellor, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry.

Prof. N. Ananthakrishnan,

Dr. S. Kamalam,

Dean, Research &P.G Studies, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry.

Former Principal, Kasturba Gandhi Nursing College, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry.

Dr. Rebecca Samson,

Prof. G. Muthamizhselvi,

Dean, College of Nursing, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry.

Principal, Vinayaka Missions College of Nursing, Puducherry.

Dr. R. Danasu,

Prof. P. Genesta Mary,

Principal, Sri Manakula Vinayagar College of Nursing, Puducherry.

Principal, Sabari College of Nursing, Puducherry.

Editorial Board Editor â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in- Chief Dr. Renuka. K, Principal, Kasturba Gandhi Nursing College, Puducherry. Executive Editor Prof. P. Sumathy, K.G.N.C, Puducherry.

International Peer Review Member Mr. Allan Seraj Senior Practice Educator in ICU Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital NHS Trust, UK

Prof. M. Annie Annal, K.G.N.C

Dr. Rachelle (Shelly) J. Lancaster Assistant Professor of Nursing Oshkosh college of Nursing University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Wisconsin, USA.

Section Editors Ms. A. Kripa Angeline, Ms. S. Prabhavathy, Assoc. Prof, K.G.N.C

Assoc. Prof, K.G.N.C

Ms. D. Suguna Mary Lecturer, K.G.N.C

Technical & Managerial Executives Mr. R. Vijayaraj, Asst. Professor, K.G.N.C Ms. V. Mano Priya, Asst. Professor, K.G.N.C Circulatory Support Mr. K. Vengadesan, Senior Librarian, K.G.N.C Mr. S. Veerakumar, Librarian, K.G.N.C

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Pondicherry Journal of Nursing

Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14 EDITORIAL MESSAGE 1 December World AIDS Day st

“Don’t go to him”!, “Don’t touch him”!, “Say him not to enter into the office”! These are the common phrases which public commonly point out & hurt the HIV afflicted individuals. Due to stigma, most of the HIV individuals were stopped from schools, colleges & offices and were chased out because of their status. As of 2013, AIDS has killed more than 36 million people worldwide (1981-2012), and an estimated 35.3 million people are living with HIV, making it one of the most important global public health issues in recorded history. Despite recent improved access to antiretroviral treatment in many regions of the world, the AIDS epidemic claims an estimated 2 million lives each year, of which about 270,000 are children. World AIDS Day, designated 1st December every year since 1988, is dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic caused by the spread of HIV infection, and mourning those who have died of the disease. Government and health officials, Non-Governmental organizations and individuals around the world observe the day, often with education on AIDS prevention and control. Today, many scientific advances have been made in HIV treatment, there are laws to protect people living with HIV and we understand so much more about the condition. But despite this, people do not know the facts about how to protect themselves and others from HIV. Stigma and discrimination remain a reality for many people living with HIV. World AIDS Day is important, as it reminds the public and Government that HIV has not gone away – there is still a vital need to raise money, increase awareness, fight prejudice and improve education. Halve the number of tuberculosis deaths in people living with HIV. The MDGs have called for a reduction in tuberculosis (TB)-related deaths among people living with HIV to less than 250,000 by 2015. While TB remains the most common cause of death for this infected population, steady progress has been seen in a number of priority states, which 17 out of 44 reporting greater than 50% reduction in death as of 2013. Overall, there has been a 38% reduction in TB-related deaths, bolstered by intensified TB identification, greater infection control, and widespread use of prophylactic medications to prevent infection in vulnerable populations. Increased access of ART has also contributed to the diminishing rate, particularly with the implementation of “Directly Observed Therapy” (DOT) in many high-prevalence countries. The strategy, by which TB drugs are given daily by trained adherence monitors, has resulted in an impressive 85% cure rate in some of the hardest hit regions. Despite this, there are a number of challenges that hinder progress. Today, more than a third of TB treatment centers do not offer DOT, while most cases of multi-drug resistant TB are neither diagnosed nor treated in accordance with prescribed WHO guidelines. For more concerning is the fact that, of the countries with high HIV/TB prevalence, only Kenya and Malawi are delivering ART to more

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than 50% of cases. Further progress need to be made to ensure reduced TB-related mortality within these regions. Although World AIDS Day is a great opportunity to get the public talking about HIV and fundraise, we need to remember the importance of raising awareness of HIV all year round. That’s why National Aids Trust [NAT] has launched HIV Aware so, let us all a fun, interactive website which provides all the information everyone should know about HIV. “Learn! Aware! Act! ….. But “Not Discriminate”! Our Editorial team wishes all the readers A Happy & Healthy New Year – 2015 Dr. RENUKA. K, Editor-in-chief

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Sl.No CONTENT REVIEW ARTICLES 1. Reflecting On The Design And Development Of The Interview Process In A Doctoral Research Project Using Johnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Model Of Reflection Mr. Allan Seraj RN

Pg. No 07

Empty-Nest Syndrome Mrs. C. Jakkulin Lilly Priya & Ms. Birgid

Amazing Beauty And Health Benefits Of Banana Prof. J. Gladys

Primary Dysmenorrhea And Exercises Mrs K. Renuka & Dr. S. Jeyagowrisubash

Research Paper 5. Explore The Lifestyle Practices And Its Relation To Level Of Blood Pressure Among People Attending OPD Of PIMS Hospital Dr. M. Navaneetha & Prof. Mallikarajadurai

Knowledge Regarding Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome Among Transport Workers Mrs. C. Geetha

Post-Traumatic Stress Among Orthopaedic Trauma Patients Mrs. K. Sathiya, Dr. Prasanna Baby & Mr. R. Vijayaraj

Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Programme On Knowledge Among Mothers On Preterm Care Mrs. S. Rajathi & Dr. R. Shankar Shanmugam

Effectiveness Of Guided Imagery Therapy On Reducing Stress Among IT Professionals Mrs. R. Ajitha Nancy Rani & Prof. V. Hemavathy

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10.

A Study To Assess The Knowledge Regarding Utilization Of Pulse Polio Immunization Among Mothers Of Under Five Children In Pillayarkuppam At Puducherry Mrs. D. Sugunamary

11.

Factors Influencing The Stress During Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls Prof. C. Kavitha, Dr. S. Jayalakshmi, Dr. John William Felix

12.

Art Therapy Reduces Anxiety Mrs. G. Ajithakumari & Prof. V. Hemavathy

13.

Assessment Of Self-Esteem Among Adolescents At Government Higher Secondary School, Medavakkam Ms. S. Rathidevi

14.

College Events

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Reflecting On The Design And Development Of The Interview Process In A Doctoral Research Project Using John’s Model Of Reflection Mr. Allan Seraj RN Abstract The design and development of the interview process, in a doctoral research project, is significantly enhanced by the use of a structured model of reflection to enable reflecting on feedback obtained from peers, research participants and the use of a reflexive journal. The act of reflection, in the research process, augments the researcher’s confidence, his research journey and also engages the researcher in a cycle of personal and professional change. Keywords: Feedback, Reflection, Semi-structured interview into pre-existing knowledge processes”. This Introduction This paper is a reflective essay that contributes to the development of the explores the evolution and journey of a learner’s confidence, and has been shown by doctoral student in the development of the Sprinthall (1994), that psychological growth interview process that will be used for data occurs only when reflection is a component of collection in his research project. The an educational program. Thus, reflection reflection is based on the feedback received leads to the growth of the individual: morally, from pilot interviews, peer review and the use personally, psychologically, and emotionally, of a reflexive journal. In order to structure the as well as cognitively. reflective process, Johns model of reflection John’s model of reflection (1995) is used in (1995) will be utilized. The paper is centered this essay because the cues are simple; the on an agreed outcome within the learning cues help me with my focus and afford me a contract between the student and his academic high degree of structure for reflection. The supervisor. The use of “I” will be used to use of a structured model of reflection, as maintain reflexivity as discussed by Hamill substantiated by Atkins and Murphy (1994) (1999). “Helps to focus the reflective process, and There are many definitions for reflection: ‘‘a involves looking back on experience(s) so as thought, idea, or opinion formed, or a remark to learn from them and gain new or deeper made, as a result of meditation” (Webster understanding about practice development Dictionary1995), or “a cognitive process in and develop alternative ways of acting when which the person attempts to increase his or leading and facilitating the development of her awareness of personal experiences and practice. It is also about connecting personal therefore his or her ability to learn from learning and ways of knowing with other them” as suggested by Gordon & Smith types of learning and knowledge”. Hullfish (1961). In learning theory, according Description of the experience to Smith and Irby (1997) and Kolb (1994), As a doctoral student engaging in the reflection is defined as “a composite of skills, research process, my main method of data knowledge, attitudes, and values along side collection is semi-structured interviews. The the learners’ cognitive framework So, the plan was to obtain signed consent from the conscious act of reflection allows for the participants and invite them to take part in an assimilation and reordering or reworking of individual face-to-face semi structured concepts, skills, knowledge, and/or valuesStudent, interview. Professional Doctorate Bucks New Uni (UK) 7

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on receiving ethical approval from the opportunities to immerse myself into the university, I conducted six (6) pilot interviews interview discussion, failed to pick up cues to ‘test’ the semi-structured questionnaire from the participants, and in one case, lost the proforma. During each interview, with the engagement of the participant because they participant’s agreement, I took random notes did not fully understand what I was trying to to consolidate my thoughts and returned to ask. There were also times during the them for clarification of ideas after the interview where the jargon I used may have interview. After each pilot interview, I asked been too complex. Written comments from the participant to provide feedback about the my peer review demonstrated that my interview with the emphasis being on my interview schedule and overall approach to interviewing skills. Coupled with this, I kept a interviewing needed improving. I also wrote reflexive journal, where I reflected on each about my interviewing experience in my interview. I also searched the literature to journal after each interview. The feedback augment my interviewing technique. In order and self-reflection illuminated my to strengthen my interview schedule, I invited understanding and helped me to prepare for my colleague, and Head of my Trust’s the next interview. research department, to peer review my Influencing factors interview proforma and provide written In my limited experience as a feedback. researcher, I have always stayed close to research methods that were simple and Refection As I wrote my research proposal, I structured. The challenge of participating in a was attempting to map out how I was going to process that had ‘open ends’ was daunting. stage each part of my research. The choice of My own knowledge base has always been data collection tool is important to ensure that focused on quantitative research and the right data is collected to answer the launching into qualitative methods was research question uncomfortable. I My peer substantiated the fact that and fit the have always experience, in using the interviewing methodology: the relied on research method technique, will make it easier to engage with quantitative data must match the the research method and, subsequently, data in my decision methodology. and collection would become more meaningful. making The use of the This reassured me as a researcher and I subsequently, I semi-structured had to began to understand how the evolution of my questionnaire, as restructure the interviewing technique could enhance my a data collection way I approach overall research project and the development tool, afforded me the ideology of a great deal of of my personal skills of listening, empathy qualitative flexibility and and non-verbal communication. research both for allowed me to the research probe into issues and concepts in a deeper project and in my own practice. way that other methods may not have offered. On reflection, I believe that I could have had In the initial stages of using the tool, I began the peer review of the interview tool before to realize that flexibility and depth must be the pilot interviews. This may have aligned to experience when using this contributed to the development of the tool, method. In some instances, I missed enhance my approach with the participants 8

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and strengthen the interview process. I could have also met with my supervisor after each interview to reflect on the interviewing technique and any areas for development. These approaches may have augmented the evolution of the interview tool and thereafter, each subsequent interview would have been of a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;betterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; quality in relation to data richness and my own development as an interviewer. In thinking about the other choices I had relation to the research method, I could have done a structured open-ended questionnaire but it is questionable whether I would have obtained the richness of data that has been generated from my preferred method in the pilot interviews. Also, the chosen methodology is apt for a semi-structured approach, as it requires the participants to talk openly about their experiences, and allows the interviewer to probe deeper into emerging ideas and issues from the dialogue. Learning As I reflect on the feedback given to me by my peer, the feedback given to me by the participants and my journal entries, I have changed my approach to interviewing using the semi-structured method. My understanding of the interview process has evolved and my skills as an interviewer have improved. I am now able to conduct the interview with a better understanding and respect for the interview process. This has contributed to my confidence as an interviewer and researcher. Epistemologically, the evolution of developing my interview process has enhanced me empirically, ethically, personally and aesthetically. These are now discussed. Empirically, my research project uses Grounded Theory (GT), a research methodology developed originally by Glaser and Strauss (1967) and described by Strauss and Corbin (1990) as the most applicable for the study as it relates to the philosophical base

of the study. This methodology allows the researcher to immerse himself in the data and question the makeup of the theoretical category in relation to the data instances composition. The methodology is a general qualitative research methodology used for developing theory that is grounded in the data, which is systematically gathered and analysed. The theory develops and evolves during the research process due to the interplay between the data collection and analysis phases. One important feature of GT is theoretical sensitivity: the process of developing conceptual insight that is used by the researcher as he comes into the research situation (Glaser, 1978). A grounded theory study results in the generation of a theory, consisting of a set of plausible relationships proposed among concepts and sets of concepts (Glaser, 1978). The social constructivist framework is used in the study as it acknowledges the complexity and uniqueness of the learner and encourages the learner to be an integral part of the learning process (Wertsch 1997). Further to this, the studyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perspective is interpretative and the four philosophical assumptions support this standpoint: (i) ontologically, the study is socially constructed with multiple realities (ii) epistemologically: the study is subjective because knowledge is derived from the researcher-participant interaction, (iii) methodologically: the study is hermeneutically based as the analysis of the data will be based on text interpretation and (iv) axiologically: understanding and truth is situated in the context of the study and is descriptive. As discussed above, methodologically, the study is hermeneutically based and text interpretation will be used in the analysis and knowledge is derived from the interaction between the researcher and participant. In order to facilitate the philosophical assumptions of the research project, semi9

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structured interviewing is used. Semistructured interviewing is more flexible than standardised methods such as the structured interview or survey. Although I will have some established general topics for investigation, this method will allow me to explore emergent themes and ideas rather than rely only on concepts and questions defined in advance of the interview. Usually, I would use a standardized interview schedule with set questions, which will be asked of all respondents. The questions tend to be asked in a similar order and format to make a form of comparison between answers possible. However, there is also scope for pursuing and probing for novel, relevant information, through additional questions often noted as prompts on the schedule. There are times when I would have to frequently formulate impromptu questions in order to follow up leads that emerge during the interview. Usually my role is to engage and encourage but not get personally involved. I will facilitate the interviewees to talk about their views and experiences in depth but with limited reciprocal engagement or disclosure. The interview will be undertaken at a mutually agreeable time and in a setting that is convenient and appropriate to the participant. Participants will be given the right to withdraw at any time without prejudice and without providing a reason. This therefore brings me to the ethics of my learning. My ethics or moral knowledge was guided by (i) researcher/participant relationship, (ii) confidentiality and (iii) anonymity and informed consent. Participants had the opportunity to meet with the researcher and have any questions answered about the research before, during and after the research study. As qualitative research is emergent in design, the concept of true informed consent is problematic. Participants were given a participant information sheet and encouraged

to ask further questions. According to Holloway and Wheeler (1996), informed consent should be based on the understanding that any participation in the study is voluntary. In acknowledgement of this, consent was sought prior to, during and again on completion of the interview; consent was on going throughout the process in recognition of the changing dynamics of qualitative research. Qualitative research inherently uses small cohorts, so maintaining confidentiality can be problematic. In this pilot study, all identifying characteristics, such as ethnic background, age, place of work, sex of participants and training background was part of the data collection. These pieces of data can potentially reveal the participantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity because of the small cohort. Specific quotations and examples when disseminating research results could lead to the respondents being identified via deductive disclosure. If so, details in the data were modified. Interviews were transcribed immediately afterwards and the script given a unique number that did not identify the participant. This was explained in the individual face to face meeting, on the information sheet and consent form (Ritchie ad Lewis, 2010). At the start of the interview, it was discussed with the participant that should these issues come to light the participant will be informed that this information will need to be disclosed. Local health & safety â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;rulesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; were observed and information around counseling facilities was available as required: it is recognised that there is a potential for psychological harm. This was discussed with the participant, and, should the interviewee become distressed at any time, the interview would be stopped and the researcher will step out of role to support the participant to deal with distressing issues. It is recognised that there is propensity for the following issues to be volunteered during the interview: potential feelings of inadequacy, 10

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bullying issues, past ‘bad’ mentoring/mentee experience and issues related to whistle blowing related to disclosure of poor clinical practice or clinical negligence. As part of the consent process, the participant was told that confidentiality would not be maintained in the event of disclosure of clinical negligence. The overarching principles of beneficence (to do good) and nonmalficence (to do no harm) formed the basis of my ethical knowledge in conducting the interviews in the pilot phase. I then began reflecting on my self-awareness. Personally, accepting to engage with qualitative research was the first challenge as a researcher I had to overcome. Learning about the methodology, as discussed in the empirics, was enlightening. I began to immerse myself in the literature that defines the methodology and, slowly, my own knowledge base began to expand. At this time, I would not consider myself an expert in GT, but my expertise in the methodology has improved and I am able to understand how its application to the research process. The collaboration with my peers have strengthened my interviewing technique and enabled me to develop my knowledge and skills in the process. As I conducted each pilot interview, reflecting on each one and keeping a journal, augmented the design of the tool and further, it helped with my personal evolution of the way I conduct a semi-structured interview. Aesthetically, as I reflect on the process of interviewing in my research project, I begin to realize that I must consider my own ways of thinking and how I learn from my practice. In attempting to understand how I was changing, I realized that I was intrinsically following Lewin’s model (1951) of change: unfreezing, change and freezing. I began by ‘unfreezing’ my thoughts and attitudes about qualitative research and the methodology: GT. This new way of thinking initially posed a challenge to the way I conceptualised research as a tool for

change in my own practice, but by engaging with the research process, I began to ‘warm’ to this qualitative methodology. In applying the second aspect of Lewin’s model: ‘change’, I started applying the methodological principles of GT that I was learning, to the research process and my professional life: this augmented my research and professional confidence. In applying Lewin’s third phase: ‘freezing’, on one level, I immersed myself into the methodological concepts and applied them to my practice as a researcher on my day-to-day journey, but, on another level, I realized that I may not be able to fully ‘freeze’ this change as I am constantly immersing myself in new knowledge and therefore I am caught in a loop between the first two phases of Lewin’s model of constant learning and reinvesting the knowledge back into the research process. Conclusion Reflection, in the research process, seeks to build the confidence of the researcher both on a personal and professional level. Using a structured model of reflection has enhanced this process. In this essay, the reflection on feedback received on the research method: semi-structured questionnaires, has augmented (i) the design and development of the research tool and (ii) the researcher’s ability to generate high quality data by improving his skills as an interviewer. Engaging and immersing in feedback about the research method, developed my approach as a researcher using this method in my doctoral project, and provided an opportunity to continuously learn from the journey. As I have reflected on my research journey thus far, I have realized that collaboration with peers, participants and experts in the methodology, coupled with the use of a reflexive journal significantly enhances the development of the research method.

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Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14 Collegiate Dictionary. 10th ed. Springfield, MA: 982. Ritchie, J. and Lewis, J. (2010) Qualtative Reseaarch Practice. In: A guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. London: Sage Publication, pp.66-69, 7374. Smith CS, Irby DM. (1997). The roles of experience and reflection in ambulatory care education.Academic Medicine. ; 72:32–5.   7. Sprinthall NA. (1994) Counseling and social role taking: promoting moral and ego development. In: Rest JR (ed). Moral Development in the Professions: Psychology and Applied Ethics. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 55– 100. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990).Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Wertsch JV. (1997) Mind as Action. Oxford University Press I

References Atkins S. and Murphy K. (1994) Reflective practice.Nursing Standard.Vol. 8.No. 39. pp. 49-56. Glaser B. (1978). Theoretical Sensitivity, Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press. Gordon H, Smith Hullfish, P. H. (1961) Reflective thinking: The method of education. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. Hamill C. (1999) Academic essay writing in the first person: a guide for undergraduate. Nursing Standard. July 21-27; 13 (44): 3840 Holloway I, Wheeler S. (1996) Qualitative Research for Nurses. Oxford. Blackwell Science. Johns C. (1995) Framing learning through reflection within Carper’s fundamental ways of knowing in nursing.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 22, 2,   226-234 Kolb DA. (1994)Experiential Learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Lewin K. (1951) Force Theory in Social Science. New York, NY: Harper and Row. Merriam Webster. (1995) Merriam Webster

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EMPTY-NEST SYNDROME *Mrs. C. Jakkulin Lilly Priya&**Ms. Birgid ABSTRACT: This study explores parental health and well-being in relation to “empty nest” transitions. Focus is placed on the purported empty nest syndrome (i.e., self-reported experiences of depression and emotional distress when children leave home) and variations by parental gender and cultural background. This study is primarily based on in-depth telephone interviews conducted in 2006 and 2007 with a subsample (n = 316) of parents from four cultural groups (British, Chinese, Southern European, and Indo/East Indian) living in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia. A mixed-methodological approach is used whereby both quantitative and qualitative strategies are combined. Findings reveal that overall only a minority of parents report having experienced the empty nest syndrome.



• • •

INTRODUCTION The term “Empty nest syndrome” was first introduced in 1914 by the writer Dorothy Canfield. Empty-nest syndrome is the name given to a psychological condition that can affect parents (most commonly women) around the time that their children leave. DEFINITION Empty Nest Syndrome is a feeling of grief and loneliness parents or guardians may feel when their children leave home for the first time, such as to live on their own or to attend a college or university. "The Empty Nest Syndrome is a depressive reaction in middle-aged mothers attributed to role loss when all her children have grown up and ‘left the nest’." (Radloff). CAUSES Women going through other major changes, like dealing with menopause or coping with increasingly dependent elderly parents. Feelings of sadness and grief that parents may feel when they no longer have children living with them. BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS Sadness Worry Stress

• • • • • • •

Loneliness Emptiness Uselessness Feelings of rejection Feeling no longer having a purpose in life Anxiety over the child's welfare Guilt—if the relationship with the child was strained PARENTS MAY EXPERIENCE SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL DEPRESSION • Difficulty concentrating • Inability to seek or derive pleasure • Excessive worry or anxiety • Indecision • Parents who experience empty nest syndrome often questioned themselves. PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS • Hot flashes (a sudden uncomfortable sensation of heart) • Night sweats • Fatigue or lack of drive • Irritability • Changes in eating patterns • Some may be seen spending time in the child's room

*Lecturer & ** HOD Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, PIMS, Kalapet.

Pondicherry Journal of Nursing MIDDLE AGE PHASE TASK There are some tasks to be planned during middle age. POSITIVE ASPECT OF EMPTY NEST SYNDROME • They are free to do more tasks and also they have more time to socialize • They don’t see their kids moving out as a loss but a new adventure. • To find a common mission. • Self-acceptance • Positive relations with others • Personal freedom • Environmental mastery • A new purpose in life • Continued personal growth • An empty nest can promote freedom, improved relationships NEGATIVE ASPECT OF EMPTY NEST SYNDROME Parents dealing with empty nest syndrome experienced  Profound sense of loss  Depression  Alcoholism  Identity crisis  Marital conflicts. 8STEPS USED TO RECOVER FROM EMPTY NEST SYNDROME 1. Prepare for the departure. 2. Shift aside the terrifying thoughts. 3. Explore the ways that intend to keep in touch with your Children. 4. Understand what empty nest syndrome is, so that parent can recognize the symptoms in their own situation. 5. Accept supports. 6. Start looking to the needs of self. 7. Rediscover the love of your life. 8. Focus on some of the positive points of kids moving out.

Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14 NURSING MEASURES TO EDUCATE THE CLIENT TO EASE THE IMPACT OF EMPTY NEST SYNDROME 1) Remind that it's very normal to feel sad during this transition. Deep attachment to the child only indicates the positive quality of your love for him/her. It's healthy to miss them. 2) Redefine the children's departure as a new beginning instead of a loss or sad ending. Reframe the change as an opportunity to start a new life and do many of the things that were unable to do while rearing the children. 3) Stay connected to the kids via email, texting and social networks such as Facebook. Remember that parent can also video chat via Skype, etc. 4) Don't be hesitant to lean on friends and colleagues for support, especially the ones that have also been through empty nest syndrome themselves. 5) Initiate self-care and do nice things on a routine basis. Get a massage, take a yoga class or an art class at a local college. Take a small vacation, maintain the garden, go to the gym, etc. 6) Don't try to accelerate the recovery period. Allow the grieving process to occur and run its course. Don't make any major changes in the life during this time, like selling the house or moving to another city or state. Consider going to a family counselor for guidance and support. 7) Do volunteer work with a local organization. Get involved in helping others and focus the attention on trying to make their lives better. It will make to feel purposeful again. WAYS TO COPE WITH EMPTY NEST SYNDROME:  Accept the timing. Avoid comparing the child's timetable to own personal 14

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experience. Instead, focus on what can be out of home. This condition is typically more done to help the child succeed when he or common in women, who are more likely to she does leave home. have had the role of primary carer. The feelings of grief can coincide with other  Keep in touch. Continue to be close to the major life events such as menopause or children even when living apart. Make an retirement. It can be difficult to find effort to maintain regular contact through sympathy, but help and support is available. visits, phone calls, emails, texts or video CONCLUSION: chats. Especially in transition period of  Seek support. Having a difficult time development of a society, many mothers may dealing with an empty nest, lean on loved not be prepared ones and other for separation close contacts RECENT TRENDS from their for support. In the last decade, the "Boomerang children. These Share the Generation"—young adults who return to mothers will be feelings. If live with their parents—have changed the vulnerable to feel depressed, complicated consult the traditional empty nest dynamics. Census nest doctor or a data from 2008 showed that as many as 20 empty In mental health million 18- to 34-year-olds (34% of that age syndrome. absence of provider. group) were living at home with their adequate family  Stay positive. parents. A decade earlier, only fifteen support, the Thinking about the extra time percent of men and eight percent of women suffering parents will not get proper and energy that in that age range did so. attention, care and might have to treatment. devote to the marriage or personal interests REFERENCES after the last child leaves home might help to E.J., & Raup, L.J. (1989). The empty nest adapt this major life change. syndrome: Myth or reality? Journal of NEW CHALLENGES Counseling & Development, 68(2), 180–  Establishing a new kind of relationship with 183. their adult children. Clay, A.R. (2003). An empty nest can  Becoming a couple again, after years of promote freedom, improved relationships. sharing the home with children. Monitor on Psychology, 34(4).  Filling the void in the daily routine created Lovegreen, D.L, & Mitchell, A.B. (2009). by absent children. The empty nest syndrome in midlife  Lack of sympathy or understanding from families: A multi method exploration of others, who consider children moving out to parental gender differences and cultural be a normal, healthy event. dynamics. Journal of Family Issues, SUMMARY 30(12), 1651–1670. Empty nest syndrome refers to the grief that many parents feel when their children move 15

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AMAZING BEAUTY AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF BANANA *Prof. J .Gladys are naturally fat and cholesterol free. Pectin, Introduction Banana, plantain or Musa paradisiacal is a fibre which helps to reduce cholesterol is a large, herbaceous plant native to India and found abundantly in bananas. Research has Southeast Asia. It is one of the oldest proven that natural compounds in bananas act cultivated plants. There are several types of in a manner similar to anti-hypertensive bananas which are classified according to drugs. Also researches say that blood their taste and the color of their skin. Red pressure fell by 10% in people who ate two bananas have a red peel and the flesh of the bananas daily for a week. A team studied six fruit is light pink in color. Red bananas are popular banana varieties and found that all best if they are had ACEOne serving of banana contains 110 allowed to ripen inhibiting fully at room calories, 30 grams of carbohydrate, 1 properties, though temperature. Apple gram of protein and 3 gms of fibre. the ripened bananas are smaller Bananas are naturally free of fat, bananas had a than the usual stronger action cholesterol and sodium. varieties of bananas than unripe ones. ď ś Maintains Blood Glucose Level and are yellow in color. They tend to ripen One medium banana provides about 3 grams much faster. The baby banana is one of the of fiber. Studies have shown that type 1 smallest varieties of bananas and they are diabetics who consume high-fiber diets have yellow in color. They are very sweet and are lower blood glucose levels and type 2 perfect for infants and toddlers. All parts of diabetics may have improved blood sugar, the banana plant have medicinal applications. lipids and insulin levels.. The average It has a rare combination of energy value, Glycemic Index of banana is 52. tissue-building elements, protein, vitamins ď ś Cancer fighter and minerals. It is a good source of calories Yellow skin banana with dark spots on it since it is rich in solids and low in water is 8 times more effective in enhancing the content as compared to any other fresh fruit. property of white blood cells than green skin Provides instant energy:version. Recent researches show that fully Bananas contain three natural sugars ripe banana with the dark spots produce a sucrose, fructose and glucose combined with compound called TNF (Tumor Necrosis fiber. A banana gives an instant, sustained Factor) This compound is a cytokine which is and substantial boost of energy. Research has believed to have the potential to increase proven that just two bananas provide enough white blood cell count, thus enhancing the energy for a strenuous 90-minute workout. immunity and combating cancerous cell Bananas have a healthier blend of sugars than changes. Research on 61,000 women found sports drinks. that, of all the fruits, bananas gave the ď ś Maintains Blood pressure greatest protection against renal cancer. Bananas are a rich source of potassium, as well as calcium and magnesium Bananas 16

*Principal, Sri Sai Saran College of Nursing, Rajahmundry.Glady_73@Yahoo.Com

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Women eating 5 bananas a week nearly halved their risk of renal cancer.  Prevents heart diseases It is also a very good source of vitaminB6 (pyridoxine), provides about 28% of daily-recommended allowance. Pyridoxine is an important B-complex vitamin that has a beneficial role for the treatment of neuritis, and anemia. Further, it helps decrease homocystine (one of the causative factors in coronary artery disease (CHD) and stroke episodes) levels within the body. A study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine also confirms that eating high fiber foods, such as bananas, helps prevent heart disease.  Reduces depression Bananas contain a natural mood enhancer, tryptophan, a type of protein that the body converts to serotonin. Serotonin is known to make the body feel relax and improves good mood thus preventing seasonal affective disorder or depression. It also helps regulate good sleep patterns.  Strengthens bones Bananas contain probiotic bacteria, which helps the absorption of calcium in the body, thus strengthening the bones. Green bananas, also known as plantains, in addition to fructo oligosaccharides contain short chain fatty acids (SCFA’s) which is effective in strengthening the bones. The bottom line bananas, especially the green ones, are excellent for the bones. Also, the potassium in bananas helps to prevent calcium loss from the body. This lowers the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life.  Protects against ulcers Eating bananas regularly protects against stomach ulcers. Compounds in bananas create a thicker protective barrier in the stomach against hydrochloric acid. Bananas

also contain protease inhibitors that work to eliminate certain bacteria in the stomach implicated as a major cause of stomach ulcers.  Improves digestion Banana contains fructo oligosaccharide, which helps to stimulate growth of good bacteria in the stomach, particularly the colon. It also produces enzymes that helps to improve the overall digestion. One banana has about 3 g of fiber. Dietary fiber keep our digestive processes running smoothly.  Natural moisturizer Banana contains Vitamin B6, C, which nourishes andhydrates the skin. These nutrients also help to maintain the elasticity of our skin. For instant solution to moisturise the dry skin, just apply pulp of a ripe banana on the face. Leave it on for 30 minutes before rinsing it off with lukewarm water. This application gives a pinkish glow to the skin.  Anti-ageing Banana contains health promoting flavonoid poly-phenolic antioxidants such as lutein, zeaxanthin, ß and α-carotenes in small amounts. These compounds help act as protective scavengers against oxygen-derived free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a role in aging and various disease processes. Apply fresh peel on the face for 15 minutes every day to get the maximum benefit out of it. We also make a banana face pack by mashing half a banana and adding ateaspoon of rose water to it. Keep it on the face for about 30 minutes. After that, wash it off with water.  Treats acne and pimples: Bananas are very effective in treating acne and pimples. Take a small piece of the peel and rub it gently on the affected area. Do this till the peel turns brown. Then clean the 17

Pondicherry Journal of Nursing area with some water. Follow this simple routine thrice a day to get rid of those pimples.  Prevents insomnia: Bananas are rich in amino acids known as Tryptophan. This substance triggers production of melatonin (sleep hormone) which induces sleep. Eating banana a few hours before bedtime ensures a peaceful night’s sleep.  Keeps hair healthy: Bananas are rich source of natural oils, carbohydrates, potassium and vitamins. These nutrients keep the hair healthy and smooth. They also nourish them, and prevent breakage and split ends. Mash a banana and add a little almond oil to it. Apply it on the hair, leave it on for about 15 minutes and then wash it off. Hair will be revitalised and moisturised by the vitamin C and A present in bananas  .Treats cracked heels: Due to their moisturizing properties, bananas are great for our cracked heels as well. Just mash two bananas into a pulp, apply it on the feet for about 10 minutes before rinsing it off with water. The feet will become soft and smooth.  Get rid of puffy eyes Bananas are a rich source of potassium(400 mg potassium in a single medium-size banana)which can help to reduce the puffiness of our eyes instantly. Mash half a banana and apply it on the eyes for about 15 minutes. If we find this to be too messy, then just place banana peels on our swollen eyes.  Reduces inflammation due to mosquito bites: Itching and swelling caused by mosquito bites can be reduced by rubbing the inside of a banana on it.

Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14 Reference:  www.medindia.net-medicinal properties of bananas  www.undergroundhealth.com-why bananas are great for immunity  www.phytojournal.com-health benefits of banana  saveourbones.com-boost calcium absorption with bananas  www.medicalnewstoday.com-what are the health benefits of bananas  www.medindia.net-home remedies and beautytip

Pondicherry Journal of Nursing

Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14

PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA AND EXERCISES *Mrs K. Renuka & **Dr. S. Jeyagowri Subash amplitude and frequency of uterine contraction and causes vasospasm of the uterine arterioles. Resulting in ischemia and cyclical lower abdominal cramps .

Introduction Dysmenorrhea is pelvic pain associated with the bleeding phase of the menstrual cycle (painful menses) or just before menses. Dysmenorrhea begins few hours before or after the onset of menstruation and lasts for 24-48 hours

Primary Dysmenorrhea refers to complex symptoms that may encompass nausea, vomiting headache, nervousness, fatigue, diarrhea, syncope, lower abdominal cramping, bloating, breast tenderness ,mood changes, backache and dizziness These symptoms often appear just before (2448hours)or at the onset of menstruation and are maximal during the first 48 hours

Prevalence It affects about 90% of women worldwide and typically first presents in adolescents. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in different parts of the world on an average is72.96% in India and 85.5% in Rajasthan, 71% in Tehran,73.2% in Gilan, 40.7% in Delhi,14 % in Gambia, 73% in U.S.A, 42.2% in Thailand, 58% in Nigeria, 52.2% in the Mexico City, and 66.54% in Tamil Nadu. Approximately 10% of girls are incapacitated for 1-3 days each month.

Pain is usually located in the supra pubic area or lower abdomen. Women describe the pain as either sharp, cramping or gripping or as a steady dull ache which may radiate to the lower back or upper thighs. Dysmenorrhea and Adolescent life

Dysmenorrhea can be classified into Primary dysmenorrhoea is associated primary and with high levels of absenteeism from secondary Dysmenorrhea is a common problem school and work dysmenorrhea. in adolescent girls, it begins when and an overall loss Primary dysmenorrhea is young girls experience their first of quality of life. defined as painful menstrual adultery cycles. Its Among adolescent menstruation girls, prevalence increases during associated with adolescence aged 15-17 years and dysmenorrhoea is normal pelvic the leading cause reaches to its highest in 17-22 years anatomy. Secondary of recurrent shortdecreases progressively term absenteeism dysmenorrhea is and defined as painful thereafter. from school. menses associated Among young with pelvic pathology, for example, college-aged girls, 42% of the endometriosis (the presence of endometrial subjects reported absenteeismor loss of tissues outside uterine cavity). Most patients activity on at least one occasion. are categorized into primary dysmenorrhea. Adolescent girls with primary Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by the dysmenorrhoea estimate absenteeism levels release of prostaglandins with menses, from school or work to be 34-50%. which is secreted during the luteal phase and Role of Exercises subsequent menstrual flow. One likely Exercises have been found to help in mechanism for increasing prostaglandins is relieving menstrual discomfort through that, during premenstrual phase, increased vasodilation which subsequently progesterone decreases which results in the decreases ischemia . synthesis of prostaglandins in endometrial cells by membrane phospholipids. Excessive Exercise relieves cramps because it helps to release of prostaglandins increase the release beta-endorphins, which are internal 19

*Lecturer & **Professor, RMCON, Annamalai University.

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opioids our own human morphine. It produces analgesia [pain relief] and helps to burn the prostaglandin chemicals released during menstruation that cause muscle contractions much faster. The best form of exercise for relieving menstrual pain .It is the aerobic exercise something that gets our heart rate up, such as brisk walking, running playing tennis, playing team sports, swimming and so on. “The important thing is that you should do it at least three times a week, for 30 minutes at a time”.

Kegel’s exercise

Menstrual cramps and Exercises

(c)Subtle exercise - first exercise, except that with the imagination that the person is sucking and holding tampon in the vagina for 10 seconds and release the contraction. Relax for 10 seconds stop.10 repetitions.

It helps to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles there are three simple exercises (a) Kegel exercise -Squeeze the pelvic muscle for 10 seconds and relax it for 10 seconds . Repeat this exercise three times in a day (b)Flutter exercise – Squeeze the pelvic muscles and relax it as quickly as possible for 10 contractions. It is recommended 3times a day

Pelvic Stretching Pelvic stretching-exercises are another way to alleviate menstrual pain. The specification of the exercises are as follows,

Mosher exercises-for dysmenorrhea such as, hook lying: breathing; standing: rising toes; standing : deep knee bending; hook lying: knees on chest.

1. Lie on the floor on your back. 2. Slowly raise both of your legs into the air. 3. Hold the position for a few seconds. 4. Slowly bring down your legs and then your knees as you return to your original resting position. 5. Hold the position for 7 seconds and relax 30 seconds. 6. Repeat 5 times

Progressive Muscle Relaxation Doing progressive muscle relaxation exercises can be very helpful for women to counteract cramps and tensing their muscles. To do this, focus on one part of the body at a time; start with the feet, legs, buttocks, and hips, then move into the back, arms, shoulders, neck and face. When moving your concentration to different parts of the body, alternate between tensing and relaxing which helps increase the blood circulation and makes the heart rate and breathing more even

Pelvic rocking Pelvic rocking exercise helps to relieve back pain by strengthening your stomach muscles and improving blood flow to the uterus. 1. Get down on your hands and knees. keep your arms straight. 2. Tilt our hips under as you tighten your pelvic muscles, hunching your back slightly. 3. Lie on your back with your feet flat on the floor. 4. Tighten your buttocks and the muscles in your lower abdomen. While pressing the small of your back on to the floor. 5. Hold position 7 seconds and relax30 seconds 6. Repeat 5 times.

CONCLUSION Adolescent girls and young women suffer from moderate to severe dysmenorrhea and discomforts during menstruation. Exercise are the simple effective non pharmacological measures with no side effects to reduce dysmenorrhea. REFERENCES ElhamKarampour,2012. The influence of stretching training on primary

Pondicherry Journal of Nursing

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dysmenorrhea. Advances in Environmental Biology,6(12) 3069-3071 Blakey, et al (2009), Is exercise associated with primary dysmenorrheal in young women British Journal of obstetrics and Gynecology, 12(3), 678-83 Campbell, S. (2008). Prevalence dysmenorrheal.Indian journal community medicine, 33(4), 209-80.

of of

Lilwati.2007. dysmenorrheal and its effects on school Activities among adolescent girlls in a Rureal school in Selangor, Malaysia,Med&Health:2(1) 42-47.

Pondicherry Journal of Nursing

Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14

EXPLORE THE LIFESTYLE PRACTICES AND ITS RELATION TO LEVEL OF BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG PEOPLE ATTENDING OPD OF PIMS HOSPITAL *Dr. M. Navaneetha, & **Prof. MallikaRajadurai Abstract Chronic diseases are the leading cause of deaths world-wide and their impact is steadily growing. High blood pressure – also known as raised blood pressure or hypertension – increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure. According to WHO in 2008 the metabolic risk factors in India are : Raised blood pressure 33.2% for males and 31.7% for females. The risk of developing high blood pressure can be reduced by: reducing salt intake; eating a balanced diet; etc. Hence we undertook a study to identify the risk factors among people and its relation with blood pressure. A three point scale which ranged from always to never was used to assess lifestyle. Among the participants nearly half of them were sedentary workers(44.30%) and most of them had weight of 61-80kgs (58.40). Only vegetarian diet and yoga (χ2=6.87, p=0.03,χ2=6.16, p= 0.04 respectively) were associated with level of blood pressureand that 23.49% had high blood pressure out of which four were found out newly. Key words: High blood pressure, Lifestyle practices used to assess lifestyle which was operationalised as the practices followed by Objectives 1.To identify the level of High blood pressure people in day to day life. In this study it 2.To identify the lifestyle practices includes practices regarding diet, exercise and 3.To associate the level of High blood pressure sleep as measured by the rating scale. with lifestyle practices The B.P and weight was checked and 4.To associate the level of High blood pressure demographic factors sex, age, occupation, with demographic variables family history of hypertension and presence of other diseases was collected. Name was not Introduction Chronic diseases are the leading cause of collected for ethical reasons. Samples included deaths world-wide and their impact is steadily people attending the OPD between 9AM and growing. Approximately in South-East Asian 4PM on that day (World Health Day, 2013). region 51% of all deaths are due to chronic Findings diseases and 89 million are likely to occur in Data was collected from a total of 169 India alone. However, high blood pressure is samples out of which the data for 149 samples both preventable and treatable. In some was complete. The analysis of frequency and developed countries, prevention and treatment distribution of sample characteristics showed of the condition, together with other that majority were males(65.77%),majority were cardiovascular risk factors, has brought about a in the age group of 21-40 yrs(61.74%), nearly 1 reduction in deaths from heart disease. half of them were sedentary workers(44.30%) and most of them had weight of 61Materials and Methods A descriptive survey with a three point 80kgs(58.40%). Majority of them did not have a scale which ranged from always to never was family history of hypertension (74.5%) or any

*&** Professor, CON, PIMS, Puducherry.

Pondicherry Journal of Nursing

Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14 According to WHO1 17 million people die prematurely each year as a result of the global epidemic of chronic diseases. Low and middle income countries share 80% of deaths caused due to chronic diseases while only 20% are present in high income countries. According to WHO in 2008 the metabolic risk factors in India are : Raised blood pressure 33.2% for males and 31.7% for females. The study also found high blood pressure to be common.

other diseases(79.87%). The Blood pressure of participants were checked which implied that 23.49% had high blood pressure out of which 4 were found out newly. One in three adults worldwide has high blood pressure. The proportion increases with age, from 1 in 10 people in their 20s and 30s to 5 in 10 people in their 50s. Prevalence of high blood pressure is highest in some low-income countries in Africa, with over 40% of adults in many African countries thought to be affected.4

Table -1. Frequency and percentage of distribution of lifestyle practices(N = 149)

S.no

Lifestyle Practices

Always

Sometimes

Never

Vegetarian diet

102

68.46

25.50

6.04

Non-vegetarian diet

29.53

63.76

6.71

Spicy food

36.24

42.95

20.81

Salty food

38.26

45.64

16.11

Fiber food

57.72

35.57

6.71

Milk and milk products

48.99

33.56

17.45

Bakery items

35.57

38.93

25.50

Junk foods

22.15

22.82

55.03

Walking

14.77

105

70.47

Exercise

10.07

8.72

121

81.21

Yoga

4.03

3.36

138

92.62

Disturbed sleep

8.72

18.79

108

72.48

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Table-1 shows that majority of the samples women. Both these are similar to the present took vegetarian diet always (68.46%), most study findings. of them took fiber food always (57.72%) and A study by F Tesfa yeet al on Association milk and milk products (48.99%). It also between body mass index and blood pressure infers that most of them never took junk across three populations in Africa and Asia foods (55.03%), found no regarding correlation According to WHO the risk of developing walking, exercise high blood pressure can be reduced by: between and yoga majority occupation and  reducing salt intake; of them have high blood  eating a balanced diet; never done pressure, the  avoiding harmful use of alcohol; (70.47%, 81.21%, Mean BP levels 92.62% increased with  taking regular physical activity; respectively). increasing BMI.  maintaining a healthy body weight; Majority never The risk of and had disturbed hypertension  avoiding tobacco use. sleep (72.48%). was higher The association of the level of blood pressure among population groups with overweight with life style shows that only vegetarian diet and obesity but contrary to this the present 2 2 and yoga practices (χ =6.87, p=0.03,χ =6.16, study found a significant between level of p= 0.04 respectively) had a significant blood pressure and occupation χ2=8.026 association. The purpose of the study was to p=0.05. examine whether five major cardiovascular Conclusion disease related lifestyle factors ie smoking, The study found that there is alcohol consumption, physical activity, association between vegetarian diet and yoga obesity and consumption of vegetables and level of hypertension and that 23.49% predicts the future increase of blood pressure had high blood pressure out of which four and development of clinical hypertension, were found out newly. and need for antihypertensive drug treatment. References It was a large prospective population-based WHO, World Health Day Report-2013 cohort study conducted among 9,637 men Beilin LJ.Lifestyle and hypertension--an and 11,430 women who were 25 to 74 years overview. ClinExp Hypertens. 1999 Julof age and free of hypertension during the Aug;21 (5-6):749-62. baseline measurements (1982-2002). The Chhabra MK, Lal A, Sharma KK. Status of hazard ratios for hypertension associated with lifestyle modifications in hypertension J adherence to leisure time physical activity at Indian Med Assoc. 2001 Sep;99(9):504-8 least 3 times per week was 0.34 for men and available from 0.41 for women and for daily consumption of http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12018 vegetables was 0.33 for men and 0.37 for 559.

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KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ACQUIRED IMMUNO DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AMONG TRANSPORT WORKERS *Mrs. Geetha C INTRODUCTION Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome is one of those critical issues like nuclear weapons and environmental pollution, which affects the future of people in all countries. In many societies, people living with human immuno deficiency virus and Acquired immune deficiency syndrome are often seen as shameful. It is a major global health emergency. Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome is the leading cause of adult death in the world. Untreated disease caused by the human immune deficiency virus has 100% of case fatality rate. (WHO report 2003). NEED FOR THE STUDY Acquired immune deficiency syndrome results in many ill effects which affects gradually and severely. All the type of workers are being affected by acquired immune deficiency syndrome including the higher officials. The reasons may be differing in each category of workers, use of unsterilized needle, contaminated blood transfusion, and contracting commercial sex workers. Among the category of workers, the truck drivers are showing the highest prevalence rate of Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome. They are more vulnerable to get Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome as most cases of Acquired immuno deficiency occurring

because of lack of knowledge regarding mode of transmission. S.No

Category of Prevalence workers 1. Higher officials 8% 2. Representatives 9.2% 3. Roadways 13% workers 4. Industrial 17% workers 5. Truck drivers 47% The main aim of this study is to assess the knowledge regarding Acquired immono deficiency syndrome so as to bring down the incidence of Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome. So, the investigator had undertaken a study to assess the knowledge regarding acquired immune deficiency syndrome among transport workers. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A study to assess the knowledge regarding Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome in selected institute. OBJECTIVES 1) To assess the knowledge of regarding Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome. 2) To identify the relationship between the knowledge level and the selected socio demographic variable. 3) To prepare a health education pamphlet on Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome. The conceptual framework of this study is based on Penderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, (1987) â&#x20AC;&#x153;Health

*Assoc. Prof, Kasturba Gandhi Nursing College, SBV, Puducherry.

Pondicherry Journal of Nursing promotion modelâ&#x20AC;?. This model describes the causal mechanisms that explain and predict the health promoting components of life style. METHODOLOGY Research approach of this study in quantitative approach. It is aimed to explore the knowledge of an Transport worker regarding meaning, causes, mode of transmission, diagnostic evaluation and preventive measures of Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome by using semistructured interview schedule. The research design used for this study was descriptive survey design. The study was conducted in Vivekanandha Transport, Elayampalayan which is run by the Vivekanandha Institute. Thirty number of drivers and conductors who were working in Vivekanandha Transport, were selected by using convenient sampling. SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL Semi structured interview schedule was selected for the study. It was considered to be the most appropriate tool to elicit the response from both literate and illiterate subjects. It was organized in two sections that is A, which consisted of 14 questions that dealt with socio-demographic variables and B consisted of 12 questions regarding the knowledge on Acquired immuno deficiency

Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14 syndrome. Each correct answer was given a score of one. MAJOR FINDINGS Knowledge of Transport workers regarding Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in divided into some categories for easy understanding. The meaning of Acquired immunodeficiency in about: 57.5%.The causes of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: 85%. The incubation period of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in about: 60%. The mode of transmission of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in about: 32.5%.The clinical manifestation of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in about: 38.5%.The investigations of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in about: 45%. The prevention of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in about: 44.2%.The treatment of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in about: 3.25%. There was no significant relationship in the knowledge of industrial workers with age, education and type of house. These was a significant relationship between the knowledge of Transport workers of Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome with marital status.

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MEAN, MEAN SCORE PERCENTAGE, STANDARD DEVIATION OF KNOWLEDGE SCORE OF TRANSPORT WORKERS IN SPECIFIC AREA OF ACQUIRED IMMUNO DEFICIENCY SYNDROME. S.No

Area of

Maximum

knowledge

possible score

Mean score

Standard

Mean score

deviation

percentage

Meaning

2.3

1.06

57.5%

Causes

1.7

0.69

85%

Incubation period

1.2

0.98

60%

Mode of

3.6

1.07

32.5%

3.8

1.7

38%

transmission 5.

Clinical manifestation

Investigation

0.9

0.88

45%

Prevention

6.2

2.1

44.2%

Treatment

6.2

0.01

3.25%

4.6

20.7

8.5

45%

Over all dimensions

RECOMMENDATIONS  The study can be replicated by taking a larger sample.  A similar study can be conducted in other study settings.  A comparative study to assess the knowledge of people regarding Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome among urban and rural population. CONCLUSION Overall knowledge of transport workers regarding Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome was below average 45%. The present study revealed that, there was no significant relationship between age, education and type of house. But, there is a significant relationship exist with knowledge of transport workers on Acquired immuno

deficiency syndrome with the martial status of transport workers. So the health personnel should take the responsibility to improve the knowledge of transport workers regarding causes, mode of transmission, clinical manifestations, prevention and treatment of Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome. Therefore, the transport workers will improve their health. REFERENCES Wilma.J.Phipps, MEDICAL– SURGICAL NURSING.7thedition 2003,W.B.Saunders Company, Asia Pvt, Ltd Pp:1174. Park. K. Text book preventive and social medicine. (2000) 17th Edition, Banarsidas Bhanot publications,Nagpur,Pp:315.

Pondicherry Journal of Nursing Brunner and suddarthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.(1996) Text Book Of Medical And Surgical Nursing, 8TH Edition, Lippincott,Philadelphia,Pp:1071. Cohen Merie, A. Sande Poul, (1994). The Knowledge Basis.2nd Edition, lattice brown and Co.London/Newyork,Pp:628. Dr. B.P. Rajan. (1993), Aids Tamilnadu.Dr.M.G.R.Medical University, Madaras.Pp:34-36.

Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14 JOURNALS Daff et al; The Prevention Of Aids In Africa British Medical Journal, vol:30,(1999),Page No:129. Jean A.Trihulrki; The True Odds Of Getting Aids From A Patient;r.n.Journal vol:19; 1998; page No:64.

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POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS AMONG ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA PATIENTS *Mrs. K. Sathiya, ***Dr. Prasanna Baby & **Mr. R.Vijayaraj Sampling technique Nonprobability convenient sampling technique Criteria for sample selection Inclusion criteria  Patients who were in the age group between 18- 57 years  Both male and female patients who had major orthopaedic trauma in upper and lower limbs.  Patients who understood and spoke Tamil or English Exclusion criteria  Seriously ill patients  Patients who were not willing to participate in the study.2

Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental illness that can occur after injury. It was first described among soldiers who had been in combat and experienced severe emotional or physical trauma. It is part of the body's response to a horrible situation. Orthopaedic nurses should thoroughly evaluate all patients for PTSD by looking for changes in patient’s normal behavior including anger, agitation, feeling numb or detached from the accident, flashbacks, headache, insomnia, irritability, lack of interest in daily activities and nightmares. A serious PTSD can have a negative impact on their quality of life.1

Description of the tool The tool of this study had two sections SECTION A Consisted of back ground variables such as age, sex, type of family, occupation, socioeconomic status, frequency of trauma and duration of hospital stay.3 SECTION B Perceived stress scale with 10 items and each item carries maximum 4, minimum 0. It is like 4 points Likert’s scale

Statement of the problem A study to assess the stress among orthopedic trauma patients in a selected hospital in Chennai. Objectives  Assess the level of stress among patients subjected to major orthopaedic trauma  Associate the level of stress with selected background variables among patients subjected to major orthopaedic trauma

Score interpretation Methodology Research design - Descriptive non experimental design Setting - Selected hospital at Chennai Population - Major orthopaedic trauma patients Sample size - 30

S.No 1. 2. 3.

Level of stress Mild Moderate Severe

*Lecturer, ***Principal, Faculty of Nursing, SRU& ** Asst. Prof, KGNC, SBV. 29

Score 1-13 14-26 27-40

Pondicherry Journal of Nursing

Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14 Nurses are playing vital role in health care system and she act as a liaison officers among patient, family members and health care team members. She should inform then and there about patient prognosis to the patient and family members. Nurses should update their knowledge by participating in service education and workshop regarding stress management technique. 2. Nursing Education The Nurse educator is responsible to educate nursing students on managing stress among orthopaedic patients through evidence based practice in different methods of teaching. 3. Nursing Administration The Nursing Administrator can organize inservice education to facilitate Nurses in understanding the stress and the inservice education should be conducted separately for orthopaedic staff based on the needs of the patients. 4. Nursing Research Nursing research is an important measure for Nursing to become a profession. The practicing Nurses need to be encouraged to conduct research based on the issues faced while rendering care to the patients. The Nursing experts and mentors must motivate and support the Nurses to conduct the research and utilize the research findings into practice.5 Conclusion Perceived stress scores were remarkably high among orthopaedic patients. This may be due to lack of information to patients and family members about prognosis. Evidence based nursing practice must take a higher profile in order to increase awareness of various stress management techniques to the patients. Nurses have a vital role in teaching the patients the

Findings 1. Frequency and percentage distribution of background variable among patient subjected to major orthopaedic trauma Regarding the age 15(50%) patients belonged to 21-30 years of age group,7(23%) 31-40 years and 8(27%) patients were 41-50 years of age. With regard to gender,25(83%) patients were male and 5(17%) patients were female With respect to occupation, 7(23%) patients were doing daily wage work,15(50%) patients were doing private jobs, 3(10%) were doing government jobs and 5 (17%) patients were self employed. With regard to duration of hospitalization, 9(30%) patients were hospitalized for less than 2 weeks,20(67%) patients were hospitalized for 2-4 weeks and 1(30%) patient was hospitalized for >4 weeks. Regarding type of family 18(60%) patients were belongs to nuclear family and 12(40%) patients from joint family. With respect to frequency of trauma,13(43%) patients experienced trauma<2 times, 15(50%) patients 2-4 times and 2(7%) of them >4 times experienced trauma. 2.Percentage distribution of stress among patients subjected to major orthopedic trauma N = 30. ď&#x201A;ˇ 3(10%) of them had mild stress, 24(80%) had moderate stress and 3(20%) had severe stress. There was a significant association between age, sex, marital status and duration of hospital stay with the level of stress p<0.001.4 Implications 1. Nursing Practice

Pondicherry Journal of Nursing coping strategies both in the hospital and in the community. Reference 1. Lewis.et.al. Medical Surgical Nursing. Philidelphia. Mosby publishers; 2004. 2. Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD. Metaanalysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consult Clinical Psychology. 2013vol-68,No-5 page No-748-766. 3. Charney D, Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: implications for

Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14 successful adaptation to extreme stress. American Journal orthopaedics, 2013vol-161, No-2 page No-195-216. 4. SundarRao P.S. Introduction to Biostatistics and Research Methods. New Delhi. Prentice Hall of India private Limited;2006. 5. Wood.G.Haber. Nursing Research methodsCritical apprasial and utilization. London. Mosby publication; 1994.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE AMONG MOTHERS ON PRETERM CARE *Mrs. S. Rajathi & **Dr. R. Shankar Shanmugam INTRODUCTION: Preterm and low birth weight babies are at higher risk of death and severe morbidity than full term, not only during the neonatal period but also during infant and childhood. The chances of survival and well being of a new born begins well before birth and continue through the post partum period. Good care facilities, combined with the identification and appropriate management of newborn complications, are necessary to ensure optimal neonatal health outcomes. According to 2013 statistics, in India total live births- 1.22 billion, IMR-44.6 per 1000 live births and NMR-37per 1000 live births are reported.(www.who.com).The major medical causes of neonatal mortality are neonatal infections (33%), birth asphyxia and trauma (28%), preterm birth and low birth weight (24%), congenital anomalies (10%), and other causes (5%). Birth Asphyxia, trauma, preterm and low birth weight are major contributors to morbidity in survivors.

3. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge among mothers on preterm care. 4. To associate pre and post test knowledge score of mothers on preterm care with selected demographic variables. METHODOLOGY: The pre- experimental design, of one group pretest and post test design was adopted. Non randomized convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples of 60 mothers who were having preterm and low birth weight babies with an average weight of 1.5 to 2.5kg. The exclusion criteria includes preterm with congenital anomalies, sick and ventilator supported babies. DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT: The structured interview questionnaire was prepared by the investigator based on the extensive review of literature, expert’s opinion and investigator’s personal experience. It consists of two sections. Section-1 :It deals with the demographic variables of the Subject. Section -2 : It consists of 40 multiple choice questions with 6 sub divisions. The scores given for preterm care are as follows, for correct answer-‘1’ score and for wrong answer-‘0’ score. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE: Permission was obtained from Neonatology Unit, Institute of Obstetrics and GynaecologyChennai-8.After getting the informed consent, pretest was conducted and the same day investigator implemented structured teaching programme by using chart, hand outs

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge among mothers on preterm care in Neonatology unit, Chennai-8 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1. To assess the knowledge among mothers on preterm care. 2.To assess the knowledge among mothers on preterm care after the structured teaching program.

32 *Ph.D Scholar, The TamilNadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University, Guindy & **Senior Nursing Tutor, Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu.

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and demonstration. At the end of the program fifteen minutes were allotted for discussion and return demonstration. After seven days, post test was conducted in the out patient department of well baby clinic. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPERTATION: The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics and interpreted under the following sections, Section-I :Demographic variables of mothers on preterm care. Section-II :Distribution of mother’s knowledge on specific aspects of preterm care before and after the structured teaching programme which was represented as pretest and post test scores. Section-III :Shows effectiveness of structured teaching programme.

Section-IV :Association between demographic variables of mothers with the improvement score of overall knowledge on preterm care. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: In the pretest, none of the mothers had adequate knowledge (>60%) around twelve per cent had moderate knowledge (40%-60%) and remaining eighty eight per cent had inadequate knowledge (<40%) about the specific aspects of preterm care. In the post test eighty seven per cent of the mothers had adequate knowledge (>60%) , remaining mothers had moderate knowledge (40%-60%)and none of the mothers have inadequate knowledge (<40%) about the specific aspects of preterm care. In this study, the paired ‘t’ test value between the overall pretest and post test was 33.65 scores and, it shows the significance difference between the knowledge score in the pretest and post test.(P>0.05) .The effectiveness of structured teaching programme (64%) is proved by the marked improvement of knowledge on specific aspects of preterm care. There is a significant association between the overall improvement knowledge scores with demographic variables of mothers age, history of previous birth, mothers education, type of family and residence. In that, mother’s age is more influence on knowledge of preterm care when compared with other significant demographic variables. CONCLUSION: Preterm and low birth weight infants are more likely to be hospitalized and require more acute care visits over the first year of life than infants born full term and at normal weight. The mother only the first person to satisfy the needs

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by protecting, comforting, and nurturing her child. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Structured teaching programmeâ&#x20AC;? has a great influence among mothers about their knowledge to take care of preterm babies which helps in reducing the morbidity and mortality rate and thus improving the quality of life.

JanetM.Rennie, (2000). Text book of neonatology.Churchill living stone, London. Forslund M, Bjerre.I, (2005). Follow up of preterm children, Indian academic of pediatrics, Nov: 24: 107 -109. SlusherT Hampton.R et al., (2003) Promoting care for hospitalized low birth weight and preterm infants.Paediatrics Today, May: 19(2)191-198.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Carole Kenner, Judy Weight Lott (1998), Comprehensive Neonatal Nursing.3rded, Soundars Company, Philadelphia.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF GUIDED IMAGERY THERAPY ON REDUCING STRESS AMONG IT PROFESSIONALS *Mrs. R. Ajitha Nancy Rani & **Prof. V. Hemavathy 'To look behind or to look upfront is not as important as to look inside' -

Randolf Waldo Emerson

Abstract: IT careers are often characterized by hard work, long hours, stress and tight deadlines. The level of stress among IT professionals is high and it affects both the employer and the employee. The experimental study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of guided imagery to reduce the level of stress. Total 60 subjects were selected one group Pre Test - Post Test design was used. Evaluative research approach was used. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire. Stress was measured in terms of stress scores. After administration of guided imagery the findings reveal that 34 (56.7%) of subjects had mild stress 26 (43.3%)of subjects had moderate stress and none of them had severe stress. Key words: Effectiveness, Guided imagery therapy, stress, IT professionals. Introduction: Mental health as a continuum highlights the emotional wellbeing. Anderson (2001) states that Guided imagery is the use of one`s imagination to promote mental and physical health. Arandelovic MilIC(2006) states that stress in IT profession have impact on both employer and the employee. Cooper (2008) examined that the employees reported commonly occurring symptoms of stress like decrease in energy, anxiety, muscle tension head ache, stomach upset, and insomnia. Debra van CA (2007) studied the stressful life of IT professionals and their coping mechanism. Barbara (2002) states that stress can manifest in variety of emotional, behavioural, and physical symptoms. Baider (2005) evaluate the effect of guided imagery in college students. Beck.Rawlins (2002) evaluated that stress, a common factor for working persons. Brooking,

Susan et al (2004) state that positive guided imagery can promote relaxation and reduce stress. Utay.J.Miller (2006) determined that stress reduction through coping mechanisms yield results. Doris.B.Payne (2006) determined the effect of guided imagery on patient with head ache. Elizabeth.M.et.al (2005) revealed that guided imagery had been used as coping strategy for patients. Lalitha (2003) revealed the effects of guided imagery on stress. Objectives 1. To determine the effectiveness of guided imagery to reduce the level of stress. 2. To find out the association between post level of stress and selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods The experimental study was conducted on persons (N=60) including men and women of IT profession from an IT company in Chennai. One group Pre Test - Post Test design was used

*Associate Professor&**Principal, SreeBalaji College of Nursing, Bharath University, Chennai.

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to evaluate the effectiveness of guided imagery therapy. Evaluative research approach was used. A structured interview stress assessment scale was developed and used to assess the effect of guided imagery therapy on the level of stress. Data was collected from the subjects. The level of stress was graded in 3 categories; the grades were mild, moderate, and severe. Grading of Stress Score Level of stress Mild Moderate Severe

Comparison between Pre Test & Post Test on stress among IT Professionals before and after guided imagery therapy. Pre Test Post Test Sl Level of No Stress Nos % Nos % 1 MILD 8 13.3 34 56.7 2 MODERATE 42 70 26 43.3 3 SEVERE 10 16.7 0 0 Results of the study revealed that the stress level is high before administration of guided imagery therapy. Level of significance was set as P < 0.001. Among 60 samples of IT Professionals, 8 (13.3%) had mild stress, 42 (70%) had moderate stress, 10 (16.7%) of them had severe stress. After administration of guided imagery therapy, 34 (56.7%) had mild stress, 26 (43.3%) had moderate stress and none of them had severe stress. The mean of overall stress is 26.9 and the standard deviation is 8.3, `t` value of stress is 16.3 and the level of significance is P < 0.001. The inference `t` value of post - test (16.3) was highly significant which reveals the effectiveness of guided imagery therapy. There was association between post level of stress and selected demographic variable such as age, sex, education, marital status, occupation, monthly income, residential place, social support, and type of family. The result of this study indicates that the stress level of IT professionals was reduced after guided imagery therapy Conclusion The stress level of IT professionals was significantly lower in post-test than the pretest. Guided imagery was found to be effective in reducing the stress. The post test scores supports that there is improvement in the level of stress after administration of guided imagery therapy.

Scores 0-40 41-80 81-120

The reliability co-efficient was calculated using Karl–Pearson’s formula. After the pretest, guided imagery therapy was administered to the subjects and the post test was conducted. Key: 01 – Pre Test level of stress, X - Guided imagery therapy, 02 - Post Test level of stress Group Experiment

Pre Test O1

Treatment X

Post Test O2

Results and Discussion Demographic findings revealed that among 60 samples of IT professionals, 13 (21.8%) belonged to the age group of 25 - 35 years. 16 (26.5%) belonged to the age group of 36 - 40 years, 15 (25%) belonged to the age group of 41 - 45 years, 16 (26.7%) are above 45 years, 33 (55%) were males, 27 (45%) were females. 45 (75%) were married 15 (25%) were unmarried.

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Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14 Doris.B.PayneA. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing.2nd Edition, Toppan Company Private Limited, Singapore. Elizabeth M.et.al, (2006) Foundation of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 5th Edition Saunders Elisevier Publication. Glen.O.Gobbard, (2000). Treatments of nd Psychiatric Disorder. 2 Edition, Volume 1, Jaypee Brothers Ltd, New Delhi. MatharMohideen. N, (2008) Stress Management, Journal of Nightingale Nursing Times. Vol 7.Issue 7. Utay, J.Miller (2006) Guided imagery as an effective therapeutic technique; a brief review of its history and efficacy research, Journal of Instructional Psychology.

Bibliography Anderson (2001) the effects of guided imagery therapy on reported change in normal adults, Journal of Therapy.Vol 36. Arandelovic M IIic, Stress in work place possible prevention,FactaUniverstitatis, Seris. Barbara (2002) Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Philadelphia, C.V Mosby Company. Baider.L (2004) Progressive muscle relaxation and Guided imagery, Journal of General Hospital Psychiatry, Vol. 16, Issue 5. Beck.RawlinsMental Health Psychiatric Nursing, Mosby Publication Brooking, Susan et.al., (2004) Text book of psychiatry Church Chill Living Stone Publishers. Debra van, (2006) A Meta analysis of the effect of Guided imagerypractice outcome, Journal of Holistic Nursing, Vol 22.

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A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING UTILIZATION OF PULSE POLIO IMMUNIZATION AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN PILLAYARKUPPAM AT PUDUCHERRY. *Mrs. D. Sugunamary “THE GREATEST WEALTH IS HEALTH”- VIRGIL INTRODUCTION

RESEARCH APPROACH AND DESIGN Qualitative Research approach and a descriptive design was used for the study. SETTING OF THE STUDY The study was conducted in Pillayarkuppam at Puducherry. POPULATION Population of the study includes mothers who are having under- five children. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE Non probability convenient sampling technique was used in the study. SAMPLE& SAMPLE SIZE Mothers of under- five children. Sample size included for the study was 30 mothers DEVELOPMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL The data were collected using structured interview schedule to assess the knowledge regarding pulse polio immunization among mother of under five children. The tool consists of section A & B. PART- A: Deals with demographic variables which include, mothers age, education, occupation, residence, family type, source of health service, source of health information, no. of siblings, no. of children are alive, age group of child, distance from home to polio booth. PART – B Deals with knowledge regarding utilization of pulse polio immunization among underfive children.

Pulse polio immunization program was launched in the country in the year 1995. Under this program children of under five years age are given additional oral polio drops in December and January every year of fixed day. Since then there is significant decline in incidence of poliomyelitis The Government of India launched the pulse polio immunization (PPI) programme on a country wide basis in 1995. The term pulse describes the simultaneous, mass administration of oral polio vaccine (OPV) on a single day to all children aged below 5 years. Pulse polio immunization consists of vaccination of children at fixed booths on two national immunization days (NID), separated by six weeks, during the winter season. PROBLEM STATEMENT A study to assess the knowledge regarding utilization of pulse polio immunization among mothers of underfive children in Pillayarkuppam at Puducherry. OBJECTIVES  To assess the knowledge regarding utilization of pulse polio immunization among mothers under five children.  To associate the level of knowledge with selected demographic variables.

*Lecturer, Kasturba Gandhi Nursing College, SBV, Puducherry.

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This section include 18 statement focusing on knowledge regarding utilization of pulse polio immunization, dose, month of administration, contraindication, instructions.

friends, 1(3%) from TV/ newspaper. Regarding no. of siblings in family 29 (97%) had one sibling, about one (3%) had 2 siblings. Percentage distribution of the level knowledge regarding utilization of pulse polio immunization

SCORING TECHNIQUE:Each correct answer carried 1 mark and 0 for wrong answer. Hence the maximum score was 18. Scoring for knowledge regarding utilization of pulse polio immunization.

70%

63%

INADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE

60%

50% MODERATELY ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE

40%

30%

 Inadequate knowledge (< 10)  Moderate knowledge (11-15)  Adequate knowledge (> 15)

30% 20% 10%

MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY First objective was to assess knowledge regarding utilization of pulse polio immunization among under-five children. In demographic variables with regard to the age of mother 4 (14%) belonged between 18-20 years, 13(43%) were between 21-25 years, 13(43%) belonged to 26-35 years. Regarding the educational status of mother about eight (26%) had primary education, twenty (67%) had secondary education and about two (7%) were graduated. Regarding occupation of father about seven (23%) were unemployed, three (10%) were govt. employed, twelve (40%) were daily waged, eight (27%) were self employers. Regarding the type of family 22(73%) belonged to nuclear family, 8 (27%) belonged to joint family. Regarding the available source of health care service 23(76%) were accessing Primary Health Centre,6(20%) were accessing sub centre,1(3.3%) were accessing hospital/ private clinics. Regarding the source of health information 28 (94%) received information from health personnels, 1(3%) from relatives/

ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE

The findings of the study denoted that 19 (63%) of mothers had inadequate knowledge, nine (30%) of mothers has moderately adequate knowledge, two (7%) of mother had adequate knowledge. Second objective was to associate the level of knowledge with selected demographic variables. The association between knowledge regarding utilization of pulse polio immunization among under-five children mothers with demographic variables, source of health care service, no. of children alive and source of health care information were found to be significant at p<0.05 level and others variables were found to be non- significant CONCLUSION This study shows that the level of knowledge regarding utilization of pulse polio immunization among mother of under-five had inadequate knowledge and there is great need to

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improve the knowledge regarding utilization of pulse polio immunization.

O.P. Ghai (2004).Text book of essentials of pediatrics.6th edition. ABS Publication and Distributors Page no.216-219. http://www.google.com, â&#x20AC;&#x153;research knowledge regarding utilization of pulse polio immunization among under five mothers. http://www.pubmed.com, Review of literature of pulse polio immunization.

BIBLIOGRAPHY K Park (2000).Text book of preventive and social medicine. M/S Banarsidas Bhanot publication page no.113,188 B.T.Basavanthappa (2001). Text book of community health nursing.Jaypee Brothers Publication Page no.298-299.

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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE STRESS DURING MENSTRUATION AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS *Prof. C. Kavitha, **Dr. S. Jayalakshmi & ***Dr. John William Felix Abstract Adolescence is the unique phase of life during which a child goes through tremendous physical, emotional and social changes. It leads to a lot of problems because of psychological and physical discomfort. Most of them do not feel comfortable and confident to discuss their problems with their parents. The main challenges are managing menstruation. This article is to assess the factors influencing the stress during menstruation among adolescent girls. After formal permission and ethical clearance, 490 samples were selected based on the non probability purposive technique. The result showed that the factors influencing the stress during menstruation are fatigue, family history and number of days of bleeding. Key word

: Adolescent girls, menstruation, stress and its factors. 2. To assess the factors influencing the stress during menstruation among adolescent girls. Methodology A quantitative approach with descriptive cross sectional study design was used. The study was conducted in selected schools at Salem. Formal permission was received from the Chief Educational Officer and school Principals by submitting the proposal of the study. Non probability purposive sampling technique was adopted for sample selection. Totally 497 samples were surveyed and 490 samples had stress during menstruation in any one aspects related to the menstruation. Thus the sample size was 490. The data were gathered by using profoma to assess the base line information and adolescent stress scale to assess the level of stress. Result The result indicated that out of 490 samples 263 (53.7%) had mild stress, 163 (33.3%) had moderate stress and 64 (13.1%) had severe stress during menstruation. The chi-

Introduction The adolescent period is vulnerable period due to absence of proper guidance and counseling. However, within an integrated approach, health services can play an important role in helping adolescents to stay healthy and to complete their journey to adulthood; supporting young people who are looking for a route to good health, treating those who are ill, injured or troubled and reaching out to those who are at risk. Each adolescent has to resolve her own identity crisis. Parent, teachers and school health nurse can offer their support and help them in the process. Statement of the problem A study to assess the factors influencing stress during menstruation among adolescent girls in selected schools at Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. Objectives 1. To find the level of stress during menstruation among adolescent girls.

*vice principal, Shanmuga College of Nursing, Salem, ** HOD- Mental Health Nursing, &***Reader cum statistician Annamalai University, Chidambaram,

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square value shows that there is a significant association in the level of stress among adolescent girls and their number of days of bleeding (X2 = 38.79), amount of bleeding (X2 = 31.29), Family history of dysmenorrhoea (X2 = 50.16), Abdomen pain (X2 = 128.98), Fatigue (X2 =93.89), thigh pain (X2 = 64.98), Back ache (X2 = 39.96), Head ache (X2 =58.53), vomiting (X2 = 33.24) and giddiness (X2 = 32.61) at p<0.001.

The Classification And Regression Tree (CART) model has been applied to find out the most significant variable associated with stress among the demographic and menstrual variable. The main advantage of this CART model is to get the interaction relationship within the selected variables. The result of the CART model is shown in figure 1. Here demographic and menstrual variables are involved to identify the most influencing factor for stress during the menstruation.

Figure 1. Classification and regression tree for predicting the influencing factors of stress during menstruation among adolescent girls.

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The above figure showed that fatigue, family history and number of days of bleeding are the common factors involved in stress. Among this, fatigue has been identified as a most significant variable than the other variables. If the adolescent has severe fatigue the level of stress is also high during menstruation. If they have family history of primary dysmenorrhoea, the level of stress is more than those who do not have family history. Further if the girls had mild fatigue, the number of days of bleeding has an influence on their level of stress. CONCLUSION The result revealed that there is an association in the level of stress during menstruation and above said variables. Thus the researcher concluded based on the CART model that the intensity of fatigue increases, the level of stress also increases. Also the family history and number of days of bleeding has been identified as influencing factor for the stress among the adolescent girls during menstruation. So nurses play an important role to educate and help them to overcome the stress among the adolescent girls.

Reference: Dr. AravindDubey, Health for Adolescent girls,retrievedfromwww.Vigyanprasar.gov.in/ radioserials/Health for Adolescent girls.pdf. L Wang, X Wang, W Wang, C Chen, a Ronnennberg, W Guang, A Huang, Z Fang, T Zang And X Xu.(2004). Stress and Dysmenorrhoea: A population based perspective study. Occupational environment Medicine,61(12), 1021-1026. DOI: 10.113/oem.2003.012302. Mariam kabirian, ZaharaAbedian, Seyad Reza Mazlom, BehrozMahram. (2011). Self management in primary dysmenorrhoea: Toward Evidence based Education. Life science journal, 8() 2, retrieved from www. Lifesciencesite.com. Polit&Hungler B.P. Nursing Research Principles and method. Philadelphia; J.P. Lipincottcompany. SwarnaRekhaBhat.(2009). Achars Text Book of Pediatrics.(4thedi).Hydrabad, Universities press. Hennekens CH, Buring JE. Epidemiology in Medicine, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1987.

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ART THERAPY REDUCES ANXIETY *Mrs. G. Ajithakumari & **Prof. V. Hemavathy ABSTRACT A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of art therapy on anxiety among cancer patients. An evaluative approach and one group pre test –post test design were used for this study.120 samples were selected through convenient sampling technique. The level of anxiety was assessed using Modified Spielberg state anxiety scale through structured interview schedule. The study was conducted for 5 weeks. The data collected were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistical method. The findings revealed that among 120 samples of cancer patients, 36 (30%) had mild anxiety,64 (53.33%) had moderate anxiety and only 20 (16.7%) had severe anxiety in the pre-test and 2 (1.7%) of them had no anxiety 98(81.6%) of them had mild anxiety ,20 (16.7%) had moderate anxiety and no one had severe anxiety in the post-test .The effectiveness of art therapy mean was 32.7 and the estimated t value 17.2 was most significant at p < 0.001.Art therapy is a cost effective technique in reducing anxiety among cancer patients. INTRODUCTION:

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and the total number of cases globally are increasing. Approximately half of all patients with terminal cancer suffer with depression, anxiety and adjustment disorder. Dr.Michella Reba, Director of Psycho Oncology Program at university of Michigan cancer centre says “often patients tell me that dealing with the emotion of cancer is actually harder than coping with other medical problems”.50% of patients with terminal cancer are suffering from anxiety, depression (or) an adjustment disorder .There is a need to incorporate mental health care in to the treatment plans for cancer patients as depression and anxiety can compromise ones quality of life. Art therapy allows for ventilation of feelings and discovery of inner strengths that serveas a support system in compensating for losses and for handling re-occurring stresses causing anxiety.

A study to assess the effectiveness of art therapy on anxiety among the cancer patients admitted in oncology wards of selected hospital in Chennai. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY  To assess the level of anxiety among cancer patients in selected hospital.  To evaluate the effectiveness of art therapy on anxiety among cancer patients.

 To associate the level of anxiety with selected demographic variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An evaluative approach and one group pre-test-post test design was used for this study. Group

Pretest Q1

Intervention

posttest Q2

Experimental X group Q1-Pretestassessment of anxiety level of cancer patients.

**Associate Professor& **Principal, Sree Balaji College of Nursing, Bharath University, Chennai. 44

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X-art therapy Q2-posttest assessment of anxiety level of cancer patients. The sample consisted of 120cancer patients. Convenient sampling technique was used for this study. The tool used for this study was Modified Spielberg â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;state anxiety scale. Scoring key: 0-45 No anxiety 46-95 mild anxiety 96-135 moderate anxiety 136-180 severe anxiety. Reliability was tested by using test - re test method. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION A time limit of 20-30 minutes was taken for each sample for the assessment .One session of art therapy was provided according to the interest of the patients using various art techniques like painting, crayon colouring, brinjal art etc for at least 1-2 hours . In post session, the patients were assessed again with the modified speilberger`s state anxiety scale to rule out the effect of art therapy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variable: Among 120 samples 24(20%) of patients belonged to age group21-30 years, 38(31.7%) belonged to age group 31-40 years,38(31.6%)belonged to age group 50, among the sample 72(60%) were male 48(40%) were female.

Table: 1 Comparison of anxiety of the pre test and post test of the cancer patients. Anxiety score No anxiety (045) Mild anxiety(4690) Moderate anxiety(91-135) Severe anxiety(136180)

Pre test No % 0 0%

Post test No % 2 1.7%

30%

81.6%

53.3%

16.7%

Among 120 samples of cancer patients, 0(0%) of them had no anxiety, 36(30%)had mild anxiety,64(53.33%)had moderate anxiety and only20(16.7%)had severe anxiety in the pre test. In Post test 2(1.7%) of them had no anxiety 98(81.6%)of them had mild anxiety,20(16.7%) had moderate anxiety and no one had severe anxiety. Table: 2 Effectiveness of art therapy on cancer patient anxiety variables. Variables

Preoperati ve anxiety level

Pre testtest score

Post test score

Mean 108.3

Mean 78.7

S.D 29.1

S.D

19. 3

Overall reduction in anxiety S.D Mean 32.7 21. 0

Paired t value

17.2 (S) (p<0.001)

The effectiveness of art therapy mean is 32.7 and standard deviation is 21.0 and further the results are analysed with paired t test and the result is 17.2 of p<0.001 level and it is statistically significant.

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Vol 7, Issue3, Sep - December14 patients, The journal of alternative and complementary medicine, volume:14 issue 5:june 19 ,2010. Barbara, psychiatric mental health nursing, Lippincott company,2002. Dewitsusan, Essentials of medical and surgical nursing,W.B.Saunders company, th Pennsylvania,4 edition, 2002. Frick.E., Anxiety, depression and quality of life of patients under going cranial surgery, volume 16,issue2,march 2010. Kathleen Doheny, Role of anxiety in pain after surgery for breast cancer, British journal of surgery, volume 8, April 24.2009. Polit D and Hungler B (2004), Nursing research principles and methods, Philadelpia J.B. Lippincott company, 83-89 Shives Louis Rebracca (2000). Basic concepts of psychiatric mental health nursing, mosby publications. Stuart.w.gait, Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing, Mosby health science company, Philadelpia,7th edition, 2002.

Association between the post test level of anxiety among cancer patients with selected demographic variables. Among120 samples and among 9 demographic variables, educational status, family income were statistically significant and others were statistically non significant. CONCLUSION After art therapy the anxiety of cancer patients was only between mild to moderate. So conducting art therapy programme will help to reduce anxiety of cancer patients and promote a good recovery. This study can be conducted by using large population to generalise the findings. RECOMMENDATIONS A study can be done to find out the effectiveness of art therapy on anxiety in children. A similar study can be done to improve the psychological well being of the alcoholics. A similar study can be done to find out the effectiveness of art therapy on preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing surgery. Bibliography Ae-Na choi, et.al.,Effects of art therapy on depression, preoperative anxiety in surgical

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ASSESS THE LEVEL OF SELF-ESTEEM AMONG ADOLESCENTS AT GOVERNMENT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, MEDAVAKKAM *Ms. S. Rathi Devi are likely to give up easily rather than face challenges. In addition, it has a direct bearing on their happiness and wellbeing. Thus, the researcher decided to assess the level of self esteem among adolescents.

INTRODUCTION “Self esteem is the reputation we acquire with ourselves” Self-esteem is a term used in psychology to reflect a person's overall evaluation or appraisal of his or her own worth. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs and emotions such as triumph, despair, pride and shame. Self-esteem can apply specifically to a particular dimension or have global extent. Adolescent is the transitional stage of physical and mental development generally occurring between puberty and legal adulthood, but largely characterized as beginning and ending with the teenage stage. Development depends primarily upon what they do. And while adolescence is a stage at which they are neither a child nor an adult, life is definitely getting more complex as we attempt to find our own identity, struggle with social interactions, and grapple with moral issues. In that complexity of life that they are leading they will end in dependence or avoidance or failure. These all problems can lead them to have low self-esteem. Many early theories suggested that self-esteem is a basic human need or self-esteem need, individuals will be driven to seek it and unable to grow and obtain self-actualization. Selfesteem is crucial and is a cornerstone of a positive attitude towards living. It is very important because it affects how they think, act and even how they relate to other people. It allows them to live life to their potential. Low self-esteem means poor confidence and that also causes negative thoughts which mean that they

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A study to assess the level of self-esteem among adolescents at Government Higher Secondary School, Medavakkam. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:  To assess the level of self-esteem among adolescents.  To identify the association between level of self-esteem and selected demographic variables OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: 1.Self-Esteem. : It is the acceptance of adolescents of themselves for whom and what they are at any given time in their lives as assessed by the self-esteem rating scale. In the tool all the three aspects of self-esteem is being assessed. The three aspects of self-esteem are body image, perception and personal identity. a) Body image: Adolescents are always concerned regarding their looks and they do lot of work outs to maintain their body fit. b) Perception: The best way to express and interpret issues is exceptionally essential. If one really wishes to improve their determination energy as well as self-perception, they require a strong need which is able to show them their way. c) Personal identity: To bring positive changes

*Lecturer, Indirani College of Nursing, Puducherry. 

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to life, the essential elements are to know who they are and what their beliefs are. 2. Adolescents: It refers both girls and boys in the age group of 14 to16yrs. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: RESEARCH APPROACH: A quantitative approach was used to assess the level the self-esteem among adolescents. Surveys are concerned with describing, recording analyzing and interpreting conditions that either exists or existed. RESEARCH DESIGN: Descriptive Research Design VARIABLES: Research Variables: Level of self-esteem Demographic variables: age, gender, year of study, birth order, parental Education, parental occupation, family income per month in (Rs), class of family and Previous information. POPULATION: The population of the study was all adolescentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; students (both male and female) who had studied in Government High School, Medavakkam. It included students from IX standard to XII standard .The total population was 550. SAMPLE: In the present study, the sample comprised of adolescents, who were in the age group between 14-16 years at Government High School, Medavakkam. SAMPLE SIZE: The samples selected for this study were 100 adolescents. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: The sampling technique adopted was purposive sampling technique. The population of the adolescents of the whole school was 550 and sample size needed was 100. As per the

inclusion criteria, students from IX standard to XII standard who was present at the time of data collection and willing to participate in the study was selected DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS It consists of section-A and Section-B SECTION A: GENERAL INFORMATION:This section consisted of 10 items for obtaining information about the selected back ground factors of adolescents such as age, gender, year of the study, birth order, parental education, parental occupation, family income per month (Rs),the source of information. SECTION B: RATING SCALE TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF SELF-ESTEEM:Rating Scale was prepared to assess the level of self-esteem among adolescents. It consisted of three sections; body image, perception and personal identity each having 10 subsections each and thus making a total of 30 items. Each item has four score options in which there are Often or a great deal will be allotted a score of 3(three), Sometimes will be allotted a score of 2 (two), Seldom or occasionally will be allotted a score of 1(one) and Never or Not at all will be allotted a score of 0(zero). Score patterns of the tool as follows: 0-30 High self-esteem 31-60 Moderate self-esteem 61-90 Low self- esteem DATA COLLECTION PROCESS Data collection is the gathering of information needed to address a research problem. The study was conducted in Government High School, Medavakkam. Prior permission was obtained from the Principal. The data collection was done for a week in the school. A formal written permission was obtained from the authorities and data collection were done. Data were

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collected from 100 adolescents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Then the investigator assured that the information given by them will be kept confidential and consent was obtained from them. RESULTS The results showed the frequency and percentage distribution of socio-demographic variables of adolescents in which 32 of the respondents were in age group of 14 years, 18were in age group of 15 years and 21 were in age group of 16years.55 %of them were males and the rest 45% were females. TABLE1: Frequency and percentage distribution of level of self-esteem among adolescents Study variable Level of self esteem Low self-esteem Moderate self-esteem High self-esteem

Frequency 18 82 0

and none of them were having high level of selfesteem. It was found that there was no significant association between the level of self esteem and demographic variables. The researcher had a satisfying and learning experience throughout the study. The results of the study investigated the need for doing further research on adolescents. REFERENCES: Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Self-esteem. 22Nov 2010. Available From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-esteem Change Your World: Factoids :Girl Statistics and Studies :The Teen Media Juggling Act:2006:AvailableFrom:http://www.respect rx.com/archives.html. Macmillan Dictionary for Students Macmillan, Pan.1981: 14, 456. Retrieved 2010- 715. AvailableFrom:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Adolescence#cite_refMacmillan Dictionary for Students. Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Adolescence. 22Nov 2010 Available From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolescence. Teens Health from Nemours. How can I improve my Self-Esteem .955-2010. Available

Percentage (%) 18 82 0

The above table describes the frequency and percentage distribution of level of self-esteem among adolescents, which signifies that 82 of the adolescents possess moderate self-esteem, 18of the adolescents possess low self-esteem

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College of Nursing Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences NATIONAL CONFERENCES The Dean and Faculty of College of Nursing, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry is very happy to declare the successful conduction of the 2ndand 3rd National Conferences sponsored by ICMR. National conference on 30th September was on “Healthy Aging: Scope, Issues, challenges and Dilemmas.”There were 488 delegates, representing 34 institutions from various states. The delegates were from both medical and nursing fraternity. The inaugural session commenced with prayer, followed by traditional lighting of kuthuvilakku Dr. Rebecca Samson, Dean-CON & Conference chairperson welcomed the distinguished guests and delegates. The conference started well with the chief guest address by Dr. John Abraham, Director- Principal, PIMS. The theme was unfolded by Ms. RadhaSaini-convener ICMR. As a remembrance of the achievement, conference souvenir was released by the dignitaries. The scientific sessions in the morning was led by Dr. Anil Purty, Registrar, PIMS on overview of geriatric care, followed by geriatric nursing and Gerontologic nursing in comparison with India and abroad in both hospital and community settings by Ms. RadhaSaini. The necessity of being sensitive nurses in elderly care was dealt by Dr. AvantikaBatish, Chandigarh. The forenoon sessions were by Ms. Ranganayaki.L on degenerative diseases of elderly and cancer among elderly population and by Dr. Lakshmi. R on cancer among elderly population. The afternoon session started with a role play on domestic violence among elderly. The session concluded by the complementary therapies available for elderly population by Dr. Shirley David, Professor CMCH, Vellore. Delegates also involved themselves in poster exhibitions and paper presentations held as 4 concurrent sessions at College of Nursing.The conference was concluded by a valedictory programme between 4.00pm- 4.30 pm. Third national conference was on “Nosocomial infection: A Menace for health care providers” was held on 1st October 2014. There were a total of 493 delegates represented 37 institutions from nursing and medical fraternity. The conference started with an inaugural session. The chief guest Dr. Reba Kanungo, Dean Research, unfolded the theme. The conference souvenir on nosocomial infection was released by the dignitaries. The first session was by Sr.LillyKutty, on epidemiology of hospital acquired infections. The forenoon sessions was started by Ms. RadhaSaini, Convener- ICMR. She gave a detailed information on the need for policies on hospital acquired infections. Prof. Felicia Chitra, MTPGH briefed the review of health care associated infection with special importance to nurses role. The pre lunch session was explained with practical examples on surveillance and reporting of health care associated infection by Dr. Rebecca Samson. The afternoon session was a panel discussion on multidrug resistant organisms- challenge for policy makers. The panel was chaired by Dr. Reba Kanungo. The panel members were Dr. Isabella Topno, Dr. Sujatha. R and Dr. Navaneetha. M. Delegates participated in poster exhibitions and paper presentations held as 3 concurrent sessions at College of Nursing. The third national conference concluded with a valedictory session between 4.00- 4.30 pm.

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COLLEGE OF NURSING Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 14. Lamp Lighting Ceremony- 2014 The lamp lighting ceremony of 10th batch of B. Sc Nursing, was held on 31st October 2014 between 4.30pm to 6.30 pm in College of Nursing- Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences. The program started with the Opening Prayer by Rev. Dayavaran, Chaplain-PIMS. It was followed by invocation song by SNA Choir. The dignitaries on the dias lighted the kuthuvillaku. Dr. K. Jacob, Honorable Chairman PIMS gave the presidential address. He insisted on the need for dedicated & optimized care by nurses in care of the human beings. Dr. John Abraham, Director-Principal felicitated the freshers. He highlighted that the authority for the practice of nursing is based upon a social contract that delineates professional rights and responsibilities. Capt. Susan Jacob, Nursing Superintendent, addressed the Nurses. In her speech she outlined responsibility of the nurse, to be aware of the power imbalance, to recognize the potential for clients to feel intimidated and to create a therapeutic relationship. Chief Guest Dr. Ananatha kumara Rajan Professor, Deputy Nursing Superintendent, Former deputy director CMCH- Vellore, Former Nursing Director-PESIMSR, Andra Pradesh was introduced by Mrs.Usha.M, Lecturer college of Nursing, PIMS. The chief guest and Dr. Rebecca Samson, Dean College of Nursing lighted the lamp and passed the light to the faculty members and 60 freshers, followed by that Dr. Rebecca Samson, Dean College of Nursing recited the oath to the freshers. The Chief Guest suggested young nurses should use of clinical judgment in patient care so as to enable to improve, maintain andin recovery of health. The program came to an end by 6.30pm with vote of thanks by - Ms. Greta Hellen, Lecturer

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KASTURBA GANDHI NURSING COLLEGE COLLEGE EVENTS Arunadevi, Treasurer. Felicitations were given “Ambassador Training Programme” - career by Prof. P. Sumathy, HOD, Dept. of Paediatrics, guidance program IQAC KGNC Unit organized an and Prof. Annie Annal, HOD, Dept of OBGY. Followed by presentation on “Right solution Ambassador Training Programme (10.09.2014 to 12.09.2014) for the final year for transgender through research B.Sc (N) (VIII batch) students which possibilities” by Ms. K. Sheethal, SCOHD commenced on 10.09.2014. The training Society President, Cuddalore who was the programme began with an inauguration at special invitee of the day. 9:30am in I floor Lecture Hall, MGMC & RI.The Sessions continued for three days and the topics included.

She explained the transgenders issues like social, economical, health and legal issues faced in India. She motivated the Research club of KGNC to take up small projects on the above issues. Special message was given by Prof. K. Renuka, Patron/Principal, KGNC. She addressed the gathering stating the importance of the Alumni Association & insisted all the alumni members to participate in alumni meet, office bearers election and to conduct conference/workshops by the kasturbians society. She emphasized the fresh alumni members to join the official website and to keep updating their information about placement, Personal information’s etc. Vote of thanks was given by Ms. J. Jayasakthi Prabavathy, Vice President of the Kasturbians Society.

International Career Opportunities, Roles and Responsibilities of Ambulance Nurse, Smart Skill Development In Critical Care Area, Creating an Impression in the Society, Career Opportunities in Gulf Countries, Nursing Career in India, Novice Nurse – Expectations of Nurse Leader, Skype interactive session and Personality Development. The students reported that it was useful informative and highly beneficial. Alumni Meet -2014 KGNC Kasturbians and Research club meet was organized on 25.9.2014. at 1st Floor Lecture Hall, MGMC&RI. The congregation was welcomed by Ms. K. RumaShanthini, President, Kasturbians Society. Mr. R. Vijayaraj, Secretary detailed the activities carried out by the association from inauguration to till date. Financial summary was given by Ms.

Report On Reproductive Health Unit Our honorable Vice Chancellor Prof. K. R. Sethuraman inaugurated the Reproductive Health Unit by cutting the ribbon and applauded

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by the dignitaries. The moments were cherished by the distribution of candies which was followed by lighting of the Kuthuvilakku by the dignitaries namely Prof. K. R. Sethuraman Vice Chancellor, SBV, Dr. N. Ananthakrishnan, Dean, Research and PG Studies Dr. S. Krishnan Dean Administration MGMC&RI and Dr. Seethesh Gosh HOD Department of OBG MGMC&RI. A small pooja was performed to seek the blessings from the Lord Almighty. The unit comprised of pamphlets on various topics, posters and boards that conveyed information’s related to antenatal care, Postnatal Care, breast feeding, Cancer cervix etc. A register has been opened and the members of this unit, has planned for various activities like Health Education, Counselling services, Assessment etc, on a daily basis

A sum of Rs. 5000/- was given as a token of love to the Baby Sarah home by the B.Sc.(N) IIyr students which was a memorable event of the celebration and they were also given a memento each. Our Principal Prof. Renuka K greatly appreciated the organizing batch for their untiring efforts in organizing this wonderful celebration after a long period in the history of KGNC which turned to be a great successful event.

World Diabetes Day The World Diabetes Day was commemorated on 14.11.14. The Department Of Medical Surgical Nursing, KGNC joined hands with the Department Of General Medicine, MGMC & RI to organize an Awareness programme and Human puppet show by B.Sc(N) II year students on the theme “Prevention Of Type I Diabetes Among Young Adults” The puppet show caught the attention of the public which was evident by their discussion with other people in the MRD and wards regarding the message

Freshers Party Report The freshers party (Gratus 2014) was celebrated on 25/10/14 in I st floor Lecture hall, KGNC. The programme commenced by welcoming the freshers by their seniors and children from baby sarah home who presented a card for them. The programme was further highlighted by the culturals organized by B.sc (N) I yr, II yr and IV yr students. The Ryzentronzs B.sc (N) II styr, requested their juniors for self introduction and to reveal their hidden talents. The children from Baby Sarah Home also took part in the culturals.

conveyed in puppet show.

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AUTHOR GUIDELINES The Editorial Process PJN is an international peer – reviewed, professional journal for nurses. Welcomes articles on all aspects. The manuscripts will be reviewed for possible publication with the understanding that they are being submitted to one journal at a time and have not been published, simultaneously submitted or already accepted for publication elsewhere. The Editors review all submitted manuscripts initially. Manuscripts with insufficient originality, serious scientific and technical flaws or lack of a significant message are rejected. All manuscripts received are duly acknowledged. Manuscripts are sent to two or more expert and international peer reviewers without revealing the identity of the contributors to the reviewers. Each manuscript is also assigned to a member of the editorial team, who based on the comments from the reviewers takes a final decision on the manuscript. The contributors will be informed about the reviewer’s comments and acceptance/ rejection of manuscript. Types of Manuscripts and Limits 



Original articles: Randomized controlled trials, intervention studies, studies of screening, outcome studies, case-control series, and surveys with high response rate. Up to 3000 words excluding adequate references and abstract. Review articles (including for Ethics forum, Education forum, Health related science, EMedicine, E-Nursing etc.): Systemic critical assessments of literature and data sources. Up to 2000 words excluding with adequate references. Research articles critical review, advertisement, functions celebrated, puzzles and innovation related items. Case reports: new/ interesting/ very rare cases can be reported. Cases with clinical significance or implications will be given priority. However, mere reporting of a rare case may not be considered. Up to 1000 words excluding references and abstract and up to 05 references.

Presentation and Submission of Article  Double spacing, TIMES NEW ROMAN  Margins 2.5 cm from all four sides  Title contains all the desired information  Abstract sites includes the full title of the manuscript  Introduction of 75 words.  Headings in title case ( not ALL CAPITALS)  The references cited in the text & should follow Vancouver both for journals & look reference.  Send the final article file without ‘Track changes’ & send hard & soft copy for the articles.

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Language and grammar  Write the full term for each abbreviation at its first use in the title, abstract, keywords and text separately unless it is a standard unit of measure.  Numerals at the beginning of the sentence spelt out.  Check the manuscript for spelling, grammar and punctuation errors Tables and Figures  No repetition of data in tables and graphs and in text  Actual numbers from which graphs drawn, provided  Figures necessary and of good quality ( color)  Table and figure numbers in Arabic letters (not Roman)  Write the full term for each abbreviation used in the table as a footnote. Article from Graduate and Post Graduate will also be accepted. Please follow the same format for research articles.  Title  Abstract  Introduction – Objectives/Need for the study with justification  Materials and methods-includes Research design, approach, setting, population, sample size & techniques  Major Findings with Tables and Figures for objectives  References Author information in a separate page as follows:  Name , Academic degree, Designation  Name of the institution  Address for correspondence including phone number and Email Id. All articles will be peer reviewed. The Editorial board and chief editor will decide on suitabililty of publication of a material which is final. The last minute submission of article will not be considered for current issue. Correspondence Address: Prof. Dr. Renuka K Chief Editor, Pondicherry Journal of Nursing Principal, Kasturba Gandhi Nursing College, MGMC&RI Campus, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry - 607 402. Ph: 0413-2615449 (Ext.511), 2615809, Fax: 0413-2615457 E-mail- kgncpjn@yahoo.com