SOUTH COMMONS: REIMAGINING THE 21ST CENTURY LIBRARY by MeganKortenhof

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK + MEGAN KORTENHOF | ARCH 411 INTEGRATE | DAVID NEWTON | SPRING 2022

SOUTH COMMONS A Proposal for a New Lincoln Public Library Branch. 8700 Yankee Hill Drive, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68516

SOUTH COMMONS COVER SHEET FIRE RESISTANCE REQUIRMENTS

T. TITLE T.001 T.002

Title Page Cover Sheet

G. GENERAL G.100 Zoning Plan G.101 Zoning Restrictions G.102 Zoning Envelope G.103 Site Conditions G.104 Adjacent Programs G.105 Community Needs Assessment G.106 Need for Commons G.107 Site Circulation G.108 Climate Analysis G.109 Consultant Recommendations G.110 Precedent Analysis G.111 Precedent Analysis G.112 Program Narrative G.113 Spatial Relationships G.114 Spatial Relationships G.115 Program Sound Levels G.116 User Analysis G.117 Additional Program G.118 Additional Program G.119 Goals G.120 Design Position G.121 Sequential Diagrams G.122 Materials G.123 Program + Massing Strategy A. ARCHITECTURAL A.100 Context Plan A.101 Site Plan A.102 Floor Plan A.103 ADA Plan A.104 Roof Plan A.105 Configurations A.106 Configurations A.107 Life + Safety Diagram A.108 Life + Safety Diagram

A.200 A.201 A.202 A.203

North Elevation West Elevation West Section South Section

A.300 A.301 A.301 A.305 A.306 A.307

Detail Narrative West Perspective Wall Section South Perspective Wall Section Detail Detail Detail

Required

Actual

Structural Frame

Hours

Male WC

1 per 125

Exterior Bearing Walls

Hours

Female WC

1 per 65

Interior Bearing Walls

Hours

Lavatories

1 per 200

Non-Bearing Interior Walls

Hours

Drinking Fountain

1 per 500

Floor Construction

Hours

Service Sink

Roof Construction

Hour

Shaft Enclosure

Hours

Exit Corridor Walls

Hours

CODE INFORMATION

45’

2012 International Building Code 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design

A.400 A.401 A.402 A.403 A.404 A.405 A.406

Environmental Systems HVAC Seasonal Diagram Reflective Ceiling Plan HVAC Plan HVAC Isometric Climate Studio Analysis Environmental Impact

2020

A.500 A.501 A.502

Structure Narrative Structure Plan Structural Isometric

A.600 A.601 A.602 A.603 A.604 A.605 A.606

Exterior Perspective Exterior Perspective Exterior Perspective Interior Perspective Interior Perspective Interior Perspective Interior Perspective

160’

62’

Lincoln NE Municipal Code 91’

ZONING Original Zone

P - Public

Adapted Zone

R-3 - Residential

Front Corner Setbacks

10’ -0”

Rear Setbacks

30’ -0”

Side Setbacks

5’ -0”

BUILDING DATA Occupancy Type

A3 - Assembly

Type 1B Construction

(Sprinklered)

Total Lot Area

146,836 sq ft

Allowable Building Area

120,413 sq ft

Actual Building Area

28,000 sq ft

Floor Area Ratio

0.19

Allowable Building Height

35’ -0”

Actual Building

28’ -0”

Parking

74 Spots, 4 ADA

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

DRAWING INDEX

PLUMBING

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

8700 Yankee Hill Dr. Lincoln, NE 68516

T.002

PROJECT LOCATION

COMMERICAL-4 BUSINESS COMMERICAL -5

SOUTH COMMONS REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS SITE

SITE

PUBLIC PUBLIC AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

FLOOD PRONE AREA FLOODPLAIN ZONE 1 FLOODPLAIN ZONE 2

AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL-2 RESIDENTIAL-2 RESIDENTIAL-3 RESIDENTIAL-3 RESIDENTIAL-4 RESIDENTIAL-4 INDUSTRIAL-2 INDUSTRIAL-2

0’

200’

500’

HIGHWAY HIGHWAY COMMERICAL-3 1000’ COMMERICAL-3 HIGHWAY HIGHWAY COMMERICAL-4 COMMERICAL-4 BUSINESS BUSINESS COMMERICAL -5 COMMERICAL -5

zoning plan of surrounding context The site is primarily located in a Public zone and is partially within the Agriculture zone. The primary adjacent zones are residential-3, residential-4, and agriculture. This plan also features flood-prone areas and the flood plain zones. original drawing

0’

200’ 200’

500’ 500’

1000’ 1000’

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

FLOODPLAIN FLOODPLAIN ZONE 2 ZONE 2

G.100

FLOODPLAIN FLOODPLAIN ZONE 1 ZONE 1

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

FLOOD PRONE FLOOD PRONE AREA AREA

SOUTH COMMONS REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

ZONING REQUIREMENTS

20’ R-

30’ 30’

35’

5’ 5’ 5’

R-

50’ 50’

R-4 Front set back: 25’ Side R-4 set back: 5’ Rear Frontset setback: back:30‘ 25’ Max height: 35’ Side set back: 5’ R-4lot Min area: 5,000 sqft Rear Frontset setback: back:30‘ 25’ Max 35’ 5’ Sideheight: set back: Min lot area: 5,000 Rear set back: 30‘ sqft Max height: 35’ Min lot area: 5,000 sqft

30’

35’ 35’

R-

R-4 5’ Front set back: 25’ 30’ 25’ Side set back: 5’ 5’ Rear set back:25’30‘ 5’ Max height: 35’ G Min lot area:A5,000 sqft 50’

35’

25’

AG AG

35’

35’ 35’ 35’

50’

50’ AG Front set back: 50’ Side set back: 50’ 15’ Rear set back: 50’ Max height: 35’ Min lot area: 1 acre

15’ 15’ 15’

AG Front set back: 50’ Side AG set back: 15’ Rear Frontset setback: back:50’ 50’ Max height: 35’15’ Side set back: AG lot area: 1 acre Min Rear Frontset setback: back:50’ 50’ Max 35’ 15’ Sideheight: set back: Min lotset area: 1 acre Rear back: 50’ Max height: 35’ Min lot area: 1 acre

R-

30’

R-

35’

30’ 30’

10’

30’ 35’ Rear set back: Rear set back: 30’ Max30’ height: Max35’ height: 35’ 35’ 30’

30’

10’

zoning restrictions Since the site’s primary zone is a Public zone this project will use the zoning requirements from a chosen adjacent zone. The three primary zones being analyzed are zoned R-3, R-4, and AG. All three include different setback requirements but only R-3 and R-4 have a front corner setback. Our site is required to have a front corner setback since two of its sides are on a street front. AG was then eliminated because it does not account for front corner setbacks and R-3 was chosen because it has the fewest restrictions. original analysis

top left | R-3 Front set back: 20’ Side set back: 5’ Rear set back: 30’ Max height: 35 Min lot area: 6,000

bottom left | AG Front set back: 50’ Side set back: 15’ Rear set back: 50’ Max height: 35’ Min lot area: 1 acre

middle left | R-4 Front set back: 25’ Side set back: 5’ Rear set back: 30‘ Max height: 35’ Min lot area: 5,000 sqft

right | R-3, R-4 Front corner set back: 10’ Rear set back: 30’ Max height: 35’

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

3 R-3 30’ Front set back: 20’ RSide30’set back: 35’ 20’ Rear set back: 30’ Max30’ height: 35 20’ Min lot area: 6,000

R-3, R-4 Front corner set back: 10’ Rear set back: 30’ R-3, R-4 Frontheight: corner35’ set back: 10’ R-3, R-4 Max 35’ Front corner Rear set back: 30’ R-3, R-4 set back: 10’ Max height: 35’set back: 10’ Front corner

3, R R- -4 3, R R- -4 3, R4

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

35’

R-

G.101

R-3 Front set back: 20’ Side R-3 set back: 5’ Rear Frontset setback: back:30’ 20’ Max height: 35 Side set back: 5’ R-3lot Min area: 6,000 Rear Frontset setback: back:30’ 20’ Max height: 35 Side set back: 5’ Min lotset area: 6,000 Rear back: 30’ Max height: 35 Min lot area: 6,000

RZONING REQUIREMENTS 3

two openings, each measuring at least six square feet. The

facilities (ORS 197.660 through 197.670).

theand front yard setback, rather than the corner front yard openings may be either a non-vehicular -If door a window or setback is applied, the provisions of 27.72.070 (c) above do not two windows. G. Uses similar to those -Garage listed above. [Ord. 1242 § 1 doors facing a corner front yardapply. must meet the setback http://online.encodeplus.com/regs/lincoln-ne/doc-viewer.aspx#tocid-001.027.048 (Exh.care A), 2016; Ord. 1116 § 1, of 2003; esidential the Ord. front 950 yard.§ 21, 1991.] -If the front yard setback, rather than the corner front yard setback is applied, the provisions of 27.72.070 (c) above do not apply.

SOUTH COMMONS REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

0’

25’

50’

100’

50’

100’

200’

http://online.encodeplus.com/regs/lincoln-ne/doc-viewer.aspx#tocid-001.027.048

zoning envelope R-3 Lot Area: 146,836 sqft Allowable Building Area: 120,413 sqft Front corner set back: 10’ Rear set back: 30’ Side set back: 5’ Max height: 35 Min lot area: 6,000

30’ 30’

28’

10’

35’

12’

10’

35’

12’

corner front yard requirements 01 Detached accessory buildings may not use the Corner Front Yard setback. 02 The predominant platting orientation shall be determined by the street adjacent to the corner lot with the greatest number of lots with front yards on that street. For example, if a corner lot is adjacent to Street A and Street B, the total number of lots with a front yard on Street A and Street B are determined and the street with the greatest number of lots determines the predominate platting orientation. Where the number is equal for the two streets involved, either street on a corner lot may be used for the corner front yard. 03 Facades facing the corner front yard must have a minimum of two openings, each measuring at least six square feet. The openings may be either a nonvehicular door and a window or two windows. 04 Garage doors facing a corner front yard must meet the setback of the front yard. 05 If the front yard setback, rather than the corner front yard setback is applied, the provisions of 27.72.070 (c) above do not apply.

0’

25’

50’

100’

200’

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

30’

zoning narrative R-3 was the final choice for the site’s zoning restrictions because it accounts for the front corner setback and has the fewest restrictions. The front has a setback of 10’ and the rear has a setback of 30’, both from the lot perimeter. The allowable building area is determined by these setbacks since there is no maximum building area restriction. The maximum height of the building must not exceed 35’. These restrictions led us to place the building in the upper right corner of the site, while still leaving room for the corner set back near the road. The height restriction led us to keep the building at one story, with a max height of 28’. Allowable building area was also used to size the diameter of the proposal. original drawings

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

bove. [Ord. 1242 § 1 d. 950 § 21, 1991.]

25’

G.102

7.670).

0’

8700 Yankee Hill Drive is encompassed on three sides by dispersed areas of residential and big box store retail, as well as the middle school right next door. The fourth side to the South consists of agricultural fields, true to the area’s origins. Considering the clash of these various programs, there is little uniting South Lincoln. The often young families in these growing neighborhoods have no truthfully public space to meet other families and make the connections that make a community and it’s next generation strong. Sure, outdoor parks fulfill some of these needs but nowhere near the extent that a versitile indoor (and outdoor) space could. There lies great hope in the installation and development of quality public spaces here. In respect to the larger Lincoln area, a public bus stop and vehicular traffic can be capitalized on to connect those from downtown, and other areas, to the new hub. There are biking and walking trails near the site but they may take some years to appear.

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

The proposal for a new public library branch is sited in South Lincoln, a relatively new and rapidly developing area lacking unification.

G.103

SITE NARRATIVE

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

SOUTH COMMONS SITE CONDITIONS

4. 14.

5. 6.

10.

1. MARILYN MOORE MIDDLE SCHOOL AND COPPLE FAMILY YMCA 2. BASEBALL FIELDS 3. RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD 4. SAM’S CLUB 5. WALMART SUPER CENTER 6. MENARD’S 7. TRACTOR SUPPLY CO. 8. RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD 9. RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD 10. AGRICULTURAL FIELDS 11. TRAINING CENTER / COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS 12. SAINT MICHEAL CATHOLIC CHURCH 13. RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS 14. AMBER HILLS NEIGHBORHOOD

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

12.

11.

adjacent programming The most influential program to the site is the Marilyn Moore Middle School and Copple Family YMCA(1). Other notable programs are the residential neighborhood (3) immediately to the north and the baseball fields to the east (2). original analysis

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

13.

G.104

MEDIUM URGENCY MEDIUM URGENCY MEDIUM URGENCY MEDIUM URGENCY MEDIUM URGENCY MEDIUM URGENC

MEDIUM URGENCY MEDIUM URGENCY MEDIUM URGENCY MEDIUM URGENC MEDIUM URGENCY MEDIUM URGENCY

GENCY W URGENCY LOW URGENCY

GENCY LOW URGENCY W URGENCY

GENT MEDIUM URGENCY LESS URGENT PROGRAMING URGENT MEDIUM URGENCY URGENT LACK OF EXTERIOR LACK OF A PUBLIC GATHERING SPACE ERIOR PROGRAMING LACK OF that A PUBLIC only exterior programing that exists only exterior programing space. exists GATHERING SPACE

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

G.105

URGENCY DIUM URGENCY URGENT MEDIUM URGENCYURGENT URGENT

URGENT URGENT URGENT

Need Need Need are for only for the use of the Middle are somew for only for the use of the Middle The current site and areas adjacent The current site and areas adjacent School. The nei School. the peo SOUTH COMMONS SITE CONDITIONS to it lack exterior programing. The it lack exterior programing. The in does ERIOR PROGRAMING LACK OF EXTERIOR PROGRAMING to LACK OF ANeed PUBLIC GATHERING SPACE LACK OF A PUBLIC GATHERING SPACE Challen Challenges in Addressing Need Challenges in Addressing only exterior programing that exists only exterior programing that exists Need space. 1. Ensuri 1. Collaborate with the school/ 1. Collaborate with space the school/ Need Need community needs assessment lack of public gathering are for only for the use of the Middle are for only for the use of the Middle somew original images accom community. community. The current site and areas adjacent The current site and areas adjacent The nei need School. School. the peo 2. Provid 2. Provide uses throughout the seasons. 2. Provide uses throughout the seasons. to it lack exterior programing. The The toneighborhood it lack exterior programing. The in does lack of exterior programing the site is located in does not Challenges in Addressing Need Challen Challenges in Addressing Need for all u 3. Make exterior programming versatile 3. Make exterior programming versatile only exterior programing that exists have only exterior programing that space. a public gathering space. The only exists area that need 1. Collaborate school/ 1.3.Ensuri 1.and Collaborate the Make usable bywith all and usable bywith all considered athe place the Middle people to are for only for theages. useschool/ of the Middleis somewhat are for only for theages. use offorthe somew The current site and areas adjacent to it lack exterior gather is the YMCA. community. accom community. express 4. Be ADA accessible from outside theSchool. 4. Be ADA accessible from outside the School. the peo programing. The only exterior programing that exists 2. Provide uses throughout the seasons. 2. Provid 2. Provide uses throughout Need the seasons. comm site. site. are for only for the use of the Middle School. Challen Challenges in Addressing Challenges in Addressing Need challenges in addressing need 3. Make exterior programming versatile for all u 3. Make exterior programming versatile 1. Ensuring the spacewith can accommodate 1. Ensuri 1. Collaborate with the school/ 1. Collaborate the school/ a wide challenges in addressing need range uses. andofusable by all ages. 3. Make and usable by all ages. accom community. community. 1. Collaborate with the school/ community. 2. Provide a safe space and security 4. Provide Be ADA accessible from outside the express 4. Provide Be ADA accessible from outside the2. 2. Provide uses throughout the seasons. 2. Provid 2. uses throughout the seasons. for all users. uses throughout the seasons. site. comm site. 3. Make exterior programming versatile and usableEXTERIOR by EATIVE EXTERIOR PLAY AREAS LACK OF A PUBLIC EVENT SPACE LACK OF CREATIVE PLAY AREAS LACK OF A PUBLIC EVENT SPACE 3. Make space a platform for expression of the user for all u 3. Make exterior programming versatile 3. Make exterior programming versatile all ages. and larger community. Needusable by all ages. Need Need 3. Make and and usable by all ages. The School adjacent to thethe4. The nei The School adjacent to thethe express 4. BeMiddle ADA accessible from outside BeMiddle ADA accessible from outside site lacks in creative exterior play adjace site lacks in creative exterior play commu site. site. LACK OF CREATIVE EXTERIOR PLAYareas AREAS LACK OF A PUBLIC EVENT SPACE EATIVE EXTERIOR PLAY AREAS LACK OF A PUBLIC EVENT SPACE for the kids. The current area is areas for the kids. event s The current area is Need Need Need depressing/boring, and is the only lack provide depressing/boring, lack of exterior play areas of public event spaceand is the only The completely Middle School adjacent to thein The Middle School adjacent to thein not The nei not completely private play area the sur private play area need need site whole lacks inneighborhood. creative exterior play lacks inneighborhood. creative exterior play the whole the EATIVE EXTERIOR LACK AREAS EXTERIOR PLAYsite AREAS LACK OF A PUBLIC EVENT SPACELACK OF A PUBLIC EVENT SPACE adjace The Middle SchoolPLAY adjacent toOF the CREATIVE site lacks The neighborhood the site is adjacent to does areas theevent kids.space. The current is areas for the kids. The current area is event s Challen in creative exterior play areas for the kids. The not have afor public There is aarea need to Need Need Need depressing/boring, andfor is the the only current area is depressing/boring, and is the only depressing/boring, and is the provide 1. Make a space School to events surrounding Challenges in Addressing Need Challenges inhold Addressing Need The Middle School adjacent toonly the provide The Middle adjacent to the The nei not completely private play area in the whole community. not completely private play area in not completely private play area in the sur after lib 1. Follow safety requirements. 1. Follow safety requirements. site lacks in creative exterior play site lacks in creative exterior play adjace neighborhood. the whole neighborhood. the neighborhood. 2. Ensur 2. Bewhole appealing toThe all age groups. 2. Be appealing toThe all age groups. challenges in addressing need areas for the kids. current area is areas for the kids. current area is event s Challen accom challenges in addressing need 1. Make the event space available 3. Merging contemporary design with 3. Merging contemporary design with depressing/boring, and is the only depressing/boring, and is the only provide 1. Follow safety requirements. after library hours.in Addressing Need 1.3.Make Ensur Challenges Challenges in Addressing Need play. play. not completely private play area in 2. Ensuring not completely private play area in the sur 2. Be appealing to all age groups. the space can accommodate a wide after lib not disr 1. Follow safety requirements. 1. Follow safety requirements. 4. Be ADA accessible. 4. Be ADA accessible. the whole neighborhood. the of whole 3. Merging contemporary design with play. range uses. neighborhood. 2. Ensur 2. Be appealing to all age 2. Be appealing to all age groups. 3. Ensure other library programs aregroups. Challen not use. 3.disrupted Mergingduring contemporary 3. Merging contemporary 1.accom Make Challenges in Addressingdesign Need withChallenges in Addressingdesign Need with 3. Ensur play. play. after lib 1. Follow safety requirements. 1. Follow safety requirements. not disr 4. Be ADA accessible. 4. Be ADA accessible. 2. Ensur 2. Be appealing to all age groups. 2. Be appealingLACK to all age groups. CREATIVE SPACES TERIOR VEGETATION/SHADING OF PUBLIC LACK OF EXTERIOR VEGETATION/SHADING LACK OF PUBLIC CREATIVE SPACES accom 3. Merging contemporary design with3. Merging contemporary design with Need Need Need lack of exterior shading + vegetation lack of public creative space 3. Ensur play. play. The current site is over exposed to The current site is over exposed to The larg not disr 4. Be ADA accessible. 4. Be ADA accessible. need need the elements with the lack of exterior not hav the elements with the lack of exterior The current site is over exposed to the elements with The larger context of the site does not have any type LACK OF EXTERIOR VEGETATION/SHADING LACK OF PUBLIC CREATIVE SPACES TERIOR VEGETATION/SHADING LACK OF PUBLIC CREATIVE SPACES vegetation and shading. There are of vegetation spaces and shading. There are the lack of exterior vegetation and shading. There are public creative spaces. The Middle School has its Need Need Need only tree saplings on the site the only own cr only tree programming saplings onbut the siteofthe only only tree saplings on the site the only barrier the site own creative none them are has from the elements/shading from the sun is the The current site is over exposed to The current site is over exposed to The larg open to thethe public. barrier the site has from the none o barrier site has from the school. the elements with the lack of exterior the elements with the lack of exterior not hav elements/shading from the sun is elements/shading from sun is CREATIVE SPACES TERIOR VEGETATION/SHADING LACK OF EXTERIOR VEGETATION/SHADING LACK OFthe PUBLIC LACK OF PUBLIC CREATIVE SPACES challenges in addressing need vegetation and shading. There are vegetation and shading. There are spaces Challen the school. the school. challenges in addressing need 1. Provide a durable setting for creative use. Need Need Need onlycurrent tree saplings on the site theto only 1. Compliment sites context only tree saplings on the site theto only own cr 1. Provid 2. Create a way tosite display creative works. Challenges in Addressing Need Challenges in Addressing Need The current site is over exposed The is over exposed The larg 2. Be sensitive to sites natural vegetation 3. Provide athe widesite variety of from creative mediums. has the barrier the sitewith hasthe from the none o use.hav 1. Compliment sites context 1.barrier Compliment sites context the elements lack of exterior the elements with the lack of exterior not 3. Use vegetation in a strategic way to elements/shading from the sunare is elements/shading from the sunare is 2. Crea 2. Be sensitive toshading. sites natural 2. Be sensitive toshading. sites natural reduce winds affecting the site. vegetation and There vegetation and There spaces Challen the school. the school. works.cr vegetation vegetation only tree saplings on the site the onlyonly tree saplings on the site the only own 1.3.Provid Challenges in Addressing Needway to Provid Challenges in Addressing 3. Use vegetation a strategic 3. Use vegetation a strategic barrier the site hasinfrom theNeedway to barrier the site hasinfrom the none o use. 1. Compliment sites context medium 1.elements/shading Compliment sitesfrom context reduce winds affecting the site. reduce winds affecting the site. the sun is elements/shading from the sun is 2. Crea 2. Beschool. sensitive to sites natural 2. Be sensitive to sites natural Challen the school. the vegetation in Addressing Need vegetation in Addressing Need 1.works. Provid Challenges Challenges

PUBLIC PARKS

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

NEIGHBORHOODS

G.106

lack of community space Illustration of community needs assessment. The only public spaces in the area are a few parks, showing the need for both indoor and outdoor community space in an area consisting of mostly residential neighborhoods. original analysis

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

SOUTH COMMONS SITE CONDITIONS

50’

100’

500’

1500’

3000’

200’

VEHICLE PEDESTRIAN BICYCLE RAILROAD BUS

10:00 pm

8:00 pm

6:00 pm

4:00 pm

2:00 pm

12:00 pm

10:00 am

8:00 am

6:00 am

4:00 am

2:00 am

12:00 am

circulation route diagram The site experiences the heaviest vehicular and pedestrian circulation during drop off and pick up times for the middle school. The concentration tapers slightly but continues through after school programs and heavy gym use hours. original diagram

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

0’

circulation route diagram The site rests in the corner of a roundabout on Yankee Hill Road. This is the main form of circulation except for light foot traffic from the residential neighborhoods across the road and within the school grounds. There is a public bus stop on the North West corner of the site and a train route to the East. original diagram

G.107

circulation radius diagram five minute walk - .25 miles at 3mph five minute bike - 1 mile at 19mph original diagram

5 minute walk- .25 miles at 3mph 5 minute bike- 1 mile at 19 mph

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

SOUTH COMMONS SITE CONDITIONS

JUL OCT

AUG NOV

SEP DEC

OCT

NOV

DEC

FEB

JAN

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

PRECIPITATION (INCHES)

VERY COLD

73%

OVERCAST

56%

4 COOL

WARM

HOT

FEB

MAR 0

DEC

APR

JAN

MAY FEB

JUN JUL MAR APR TIME OF YEAR

DRY snowfall middle left | annual

WARM

AUG

SEP

MAY

JUN

DEC

73%

COOL

OCT JUL

VERY COLD

NOV AUG

DEC SEP

MUGGY

COOL

bottom left | annual rainfall

WARM

HOT

WARM

COOL

VERY COLD

top right | hours of daylight average total solar radiation: 504 kBTU/ft2

2 JAN

NOV

56%

DRY

MUGGY

OCT

OVERCAST top left | temperature o average temperature: summer 78CLEAR f / winter 25of

50%

CLEAR 6

SEP

climate analysis location: Lincoln, Nebraska climate zone: 5A original graphs

50%

AUG

JUL

TIME OF YEAR

JAN OCT

NOV

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

DEC

JUN

bottom right | wind velocity AUG SEP JUL OCT NOV DEC average annual wind speed: 9 mph

TIME OF YEAR

10 10 25 25

NIGHT

12 hr and 6 min mar 20

44 8

9 hr and 5 min dec 21

DAY 2 42

1515 1010 55

JAN JAN JAN

FEB FEB FEB

MAR MAR MAR

APR APR APR

MAY MAY MAY

JUN JUN JUN

JUL JUL JUL

AUG AUG AUG

SEP SEP SEP

OCT OCT OCT

NOV NOV NOV

12 8

9 hr and 5 min dec 21

DAY

FEB FEB

JAN JAN

MAR APR 0 JAN MAR APR

MAY FEB MAY

JUN MAR JUN

AUG MAY AUG

JUL APR JUL

TIME TIMEOF OFYEAR YEAR

TIME OF YEAR TIME TIMEOF OFYEAR YEAR 10 10

12 hr and 9 min sep 22

12 hr and 6 min mar 20

DEC DEC DEC

15 hr and 6 min jan 21

SEP JUN SEP

OCT JUL OCT

NOV AUG NOV

DEC SEP DEC

OCT

NOV

DEC

OCT

NOV

DEC

TIME OF YEAR

10 25

VERY VERYCOLD COLD

JAN JAN

FEB FEB

MAR MAR 0

73% 73%

50% 50%

OVERCAST OVERCAST

CLEAR CLEAR 56% 56%

MUGGY MUGGY

COOL COOL 10

WARM WARM

HOT HOT

DRY DRY

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

PRECIPITATION (INCHES)

WIND VELOCITY (MPH)

0% 0%

WARM WARM

COOL COOL

VERY VERYCOLD COLD

5 APR APR JAN

MAY MAY FEB

JUN JUN MAR

JUL JUL APR

TIME TIME OF OFYEAR YEAR

AUG AUG MAY

SEP SEP JUN

OCT OCT JUL

NOV NOV AUG

DEC DEC SEP

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NOV

DEC

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MAR MAR 0

APR APR JAN

MAY MAY FEB

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TIME YEAR MAR APR TIMEOF OF YEAR

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OCT OCT JUL

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TIME OF YEAR 20 20

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DEC DEC SEP

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

12 hr and 9 min sep 22

G.108

66 12

20 20

HOURS OF DAYLIGHT

15 hr and 6 min jan 21

WIND VELOCITY VELOCITY (MPH) (MPH) WIND

000

NIGHT

HOURS OF DAYLIGHT PRECIPITATION (INCHES)

NOV

FEB MAR APR MAY 0 JAN JUN FEB MAR APR AUG MAY SEP JAN JUN JUL SOUTH0 COMMONS SITE CONDITIONS

DEC

PRECIPITATION(INCHES) (INCHES) PRECIPITATION

NOV

SOUTH COMMONS SITE CONDITIONS N SUMMER SOLSTICE

10°

EQUINOX WINTER SOLSTICE

20°

ANNUAL VARIATION

30° 40° 50°

70°

80°

9 15

CLIMATE CONSULTANT

8 9

16 15

8 16 15

solstice diagram

SUMMER SOLSTICE

10°

EQUINOX WINTER SOLSTICE

20°

ANNUAL VARIATION

30°

1. For passive solar heating face most of the glass area south to maximize winter sun exposure, and design overhands to fully shade in the summer.

40° 50° 19

70°

3. Lower the indoor comfort temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback).

80°

2. Provide double pane high performance glazing (low-E) on west, north, and east, but clear on south for maximum passive solar gain.

60° 18

9 15

9 14

8 15

7. Climate responsive buildings in cool overcast climates used low mass tightly sealed, well insulated construction to provide rapid heat building up in mornings. 8. Locate storage areas or garages on the side of the building facing the coldest wind to help insulate.

4. Heat gain from lights, occupants, and equipment greatly reduces heating needs so keep building tight, well insulated.

6. In this climate air conditioning will always be needed, but can be greatly reduced if building design minimizes overheating.

5. Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend occupied areas in cool weather (encloses patios, courtyards, or verandas).

16 15

The recommendations utilized from the climate consultant analysis on the site include implementing strategies such as building orientation, building mass and sealing, and energy efficient windows and placement.

9. Carefully seal building to minimize infiltration and eliminate drafts, especially in windy sites (wrap, weather stripping, tight windows). 10. Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (awnings that extend in the summer) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning.

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60°

G.109

SOUTH COMMONS PRECEDENT ANALYSIS precedent analysis This matrix shows the relationship between building openness and central organization between six precedents. These parameters were chosen based on goals for our Library proposal. On the extreme scales, the matrix shows that the Oodi Helsinki Central Library is the least centrally organized and least open project. The Qatar National Library is the most open and Seinajoki City Library is the most centrally organized. original diagram image source: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Most

Qatar National Library OMA

Seinajoki City Library JMKK Architects

Vennesla Library Helen & Hard

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OPENNESS

Norhtside Library NBBJ

Musashino Art University Museum & Library Sou Fujimoto Architects

Least

CENTRALLY ORGANIZED

Most

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Least

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Oodi Helsinki Central Library ALA Architects

CIVIC WORK PUBLIC ANTI-INDIVIDUALISTIC

Worker’s Clubs / Konstantin Melnikov Moscow 1928 image source: 8

Educatorium / Rem Koolhaas Utrecht, 1997 image source: 9

The history of the social condenser is extensive, energetic, and often times contradictory. Within this context, our proposal seeks to realize a contemporary social condenser through the enmeshing of educational, civil, recreational, and social programs. This conjunction aims to reunite a highly individualistic community through the architectural experience of the building in its exhibition of diverse activities and interactions to the user. Within this proposal, we find it extremely important to give the social condenser its political roots (its very cornerstone) back in a nonpartisan and productive way.

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DEPOLITICIZED PRIVATIZATION INTERSECTING PROGRAMS

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The Narkomfin Building / Moisei Ginzburg Moscow 1928 image source: 7

RADICAL SOCIALIZATION COMMUNAL ANTI-HIERARCHICAL

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

SOUTH COMMONS PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

SOUTH COMMONS USER REQUIREMENTS

MAIN CIRCULATION DESK

440 200

COAT CHECK

INFO DESK

ADULT / TEEN TABLES AND SEATING

2500

READING SEATING

400

STACKS

2800

PRINTING / COPY

380

INFO DESK

CHILDREN’S PROGRAM ROOM

1700

STACKS

1900

LEARN THROUGH PLAY AREA

200

STORAGE

180

MEETING ROOM

1000

STORAGE

210

HEAD LIBRARIAN OFFICE

100

ADMINISTRATION SECONDARY OFFICE

100

WORKSPACES

200

STAFF LOUNGE / KITCHEN

240

STORAGE STAFF LOCKERS

SHIPPING / RECEIVING AREA

290

STORAGE

200

RESTROOMS

620

MECHANICAL ROOM ELECTRICAL ROOM

ADDITIONAL PROGRAMING COMMONS

EVENT SPACE AUDITORIUM

MINIMUM SQFT. CIRCULATION/WALLS TOTAL GROSS AREA

1,090

230

GENERAL BUILDING SERVICES

1,210

170

FRIENDS OF LIBRARY ROOM

SHIPPING / RECEIVING

4,610

580

TABLES / SEATING

PUBLIC MEETING

6,180

STUDY ROOMS

CHILDREN’S SERVICES

690

5000

This idea will be supported through the addition of collaborative tech workspaces, event space for both formal and informal occasions, dividers dedicated to free speech and other exhibitions, an auditorium, and spaces able to support voter registration and education. Many of these spaces are quickly reorganized to accommodate the wide variety of library needs (such as movable bookcases, seating, and dividers). We paid close attention to how these programs will interact with each other and how their permanent and adjustable configurations can promote collaboration. These additions will be dispersed throughout the main programing. The programs melt into a wide circulation core meant to promote encounters and lingering, otherwise known as the intersection The intersection utilizes reconfigurable furniture in the form of curved spatial dividers, able to support various exercises and display physical or projected media throughout. The administrative areas are clustered towards the periphery because it demands private spatial configurations. The children’s, and adult + teen areas are across from one another as to encourage interesting dynamics between them. It is also important to note that anything required to be open after hours is in a condensed area off the main entrance / lobby. The buildings main program types are extended into the landscape and seek to further promote interaction between programs; the children’s sector hosts an educational area and the event + auditorium host a gathering platform, both with varying grouping spaces dictated by the topography.

490

8,000

23,450 4,550 28,000

1,180

440 120

The program of the contemporary library can work in conjunction with unprogrammed space to foster the commons.

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LOBBY

PROGRAM NARRATIVE

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ENTRANCE / LOBBY

LIBRARY

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PROGRAM BROWN SHEET (SQFT.)

1400 1600

SOUTH COMMONS USER REQUIREMENTS SPACE RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM CRITICAL ADJACENCIES

study room

DESIRABLE ADJACENCIES VISUAL CONNECTIONS

event space

READING SPACE

GATHERING SPACE

FACILITY/ADMINISTRATION BUILDING SERVICES OUTDOOR PROGRAM

auditorium

Program Overview

adult/teen reading seating

adult/teen stacks

study room study room study room

adult/teen tables and seating

Elc.

outdoor space

children’s program room

study room

print/ copy

info. desk

child. storage

commons

info. desk

m&e

main restrooms admin. storage

main desk

Child. play area

children’s tables and seating

entrance/ Lobby

parking

meeting room

work spaces

staff meeting lockers storage

2nd office

head office

friends of library

program spatial relationship diagram This diagram shows the library’s program spatial relationships of all the library’s programs. The individual programs are grouped based on their function and space type. These are then organized based on their critical/desirable adjacencies along with some additional visual connections. The diagram also shows the relative distance required for different programs. This shows the program is centrally organized around the entrance/lobby as well.

SPACE RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM CRITICAL ADJACENCIES DESIRABLE ADJACENCIES VISUAL CONNECTIONS READING SPACE

GATHERING SPACE

FACILITY/ADMINISTRATION BUILDING SERVICES OUTDOOR PROGRAM Program Overview

CRITICAL ADJACENCIES DESIRABLE ADJACENCIES VISUAL CONNECTIONS READING SPACE GATHERING SPACE FACILITY / ADMINISTRATION BUILDING SERVICES OUTDOOR PROGRAM

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children’s stacks

shipping/ rec.

G.113

lounge/ kitchen

SOUTH COMMONS USER REQUIREMENTS

DJACENCIES DJACENCIES CRITICAL DIAGRAM DIAGRAM ADJACENCIES DIAGRAM CRITICAL ADJACENCIES DIAGRAM

BY BY

ENTRANCE / LOBBY ENTRANCE / LOBBY

children’s children’s

CHILDREN’S program program AREA CHILDREN’S room room AREA

child. child. storage storage

children’s info. info. children’s program desk desk program room room

child. child. storage storage

info. info. desk desk

NCIES ENCIES

commons commons

main main desk desk

children’s children’s tables tablesand and seating seating

children’s children’s tables and tables and seating seating entrance/ entrance/ Lobby Lobby

meeting meeting room room entrance/ entrance/ Lobby Lobby

m m&&ee

main main

admin. admin. storage storage lounge/ shipping/ shipping/ lounge/ kitchen rec. rec. kitchen

work work spaces spaces staff staff lockers lockers

meeting meeting room room

ADULT ADULT//TEEN TEENAREA AREA

parking parking

staff 2nd 2nd lockers office office staff lockers

head head meeting office office meeting room room

work work spaces spaces

head head office office

study study

study study room room

study adult/teen adult/teen study room stacks stacks room

study study room room

shipping/ shipping/ rec. rec.

2nd 2nd office office

play area area

ADULTroom / TEEN AREA room ADULT / TEEN AREA

admin. admin. storage storage

lounge/ lounge/ kitchen kitchen

children’s entrance/ entrance/ children’s tables and Lobby Lobby tables and seating seating

main main desk desk

PUBLIC PUBLICMEETING MEETING

info. info. desk desk

rrrr

PUBLIC MEETING PUBLIC MEETING entrance/ entrance/ Lobby Lobby

adult/teen adult/teen

adult/teen adult/teen tables tablesand and seating seating

study study room room

main main desk meeting meeting desk storage storage

meeting meeting entrance/ entrance/ room room Lobby Lobby

info. info. desk desk

parking parking

print/ print/ copy copy

meeting meeting storage storage

friends friendsofof meeting library library meeting room

friends of friends of

library SPACE RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM program spatial relationship diagram library

room

CRITICAL ADJACENCIES

READING SPACE

parking parking

adult/teen adult/teen tables and tables and seating seating print/ print/ copy copy

VISUAL CONNECTIONS

parking parking

adult/teen adult/teen reading reading seating seating

adult/teen reading reading adult/teen seating seating stacks stacks

DESIRABLE ADJACENCIES

parking parking

entrance/ entrance/ Lobby Lobby

meeting meeting room room

m&e m&e

main main restrooms restrooms

children’s children’s tables tablesand and Child. seating seating Child. play

Child. Child. play play area area

main main desk desk

parking parking

ADMINISTRATION restrooms restrooms ADMINISTRATION

main restrooms main restrooms

children’s children’s stacks stacks

GATHERING SPACE

FACILITY/ADMINISTRATION BUILDING SERVICES OUTDOOR PROGRAM Program Overview

CRITICAL ADJACENCIES DESIRABLE ADJACENCIES VISUAL CONNECTIONS READING SPACE GATHERING SPACE FACILITY / ADMINISTRATION BUILDING SERVICES OUTDOOR PROGRAM

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

main main restrooms restrooms

children’s children’s stacks stacks

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commons commons

G.114

CRITICAL ADJACENCIES CRITICAL ADJACENCIES ENCIES DESIRABLE ADJACENCIES CENCIES DESIRABLE ADJACENCIES ONS VISUAL CONNECTIONS TIONS VISUAL CONNECTIONS READING SPACE READING SPACE E GATHERING SPACE CE GATHERING SPACE RATION FACILITY/ADMINISTRATION TRATION FACILITY/ADMINISTRATION S BUILDING SERVICES ES BUILDING SERVICES OUTDOOR PROGRAM RAM RAM OUTDOOR PROGRAM

CHILDREN’S CHILDREN’SAREA AREA

SOUTH COMMONS USER REQUIREMENTS PROGRAM SOUND LEVELS HIGH

MEDIUM

program sound levels This chart show the relative sound levels that each of the programs emit. The lowest sound levels are within the storage programs and the highest levels come from the majority of the children’s services programs and the shipping and receiving area. This can be used when organizing the programs in floor plans and also to know what rooms need sound insulation. original analysis

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y s s s n e k e e e e e y k a a g g g rs ks ks m sk sk m oom oom bb des ec om rag re rag ce oom che ffic ffic rag cke tin tac atin om cop de tin tac roo are rag de o o o a a l h r a a r r r o o o o o fo o o s p ry r ro al y c / n kit n fo g se se se s s m al st ff lo st st ry ng st st ks la tio oat d een ng udy ting n in d en’ tin m ivi a ra h p n’s ’s in re nic tric or ibra and aria da a n n l e i e t t g r c o st w n r / u e ro ha lec f l ge s a ult ead n s prin /tee s a hild pro ug ildre ren ib co ec l rc m r c i o e e e o e d g e c n d s c d se ’s bl bl ad n r /te en dult hr in ch chil n m nd f lou hea ta ta e an en rn t lt /te et ai r a e e s i u e n ’ f t g r t d m f a e n il n a m lt/ ad dul te st pi re ch ’s le du a ip lt/ ild n a h u h s c re ad ild ch

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LOW

G.115

Writing

Service Service Supervisor Supervisor (4)(4) Plan Plan and and organize organize programs programs at the at the library, library, coordinate coordinate programs programs with with other other libraries, libraries, oversee oversee staff, staff, provide provide general general services services to library to library users, users, understand understand and and implement implement user user needs, needs, and and maintain maintain records records within within thethe library. library.

Librarians Librarians (2)(2) Facilitate Facilitate access access to information to information in ain a wide wide variety variety of formats, of formats, instruct instruct library library users users on on how how to acquire, to acquire, evaluate, evaluate, and and useuse information information and and technology, technology, introduce introduce library library users users to literature to literature and and other other resources resources to broaden to broaden their their horizons, horizons, develop, develop, promote, promote, and and implement implement programs programs that that willwill help help prepare prepare thethe community community to be to be effective effective users users of ideas of ideas and and information. information.

Library Library Services Services Associate Associate (8)(8) Check Check materials materials outout and and in, collect in, collect fines fines and and fees, fees, answer answer general general phone phone questions, questions, issue issue library library cards, cards, process process new new library library materials, materials, and and assist assist with with items items on on reserve. reserve.

Processing Processing New New Book/Reading Book/Reading Materials: Materials: 1. Book/material 1. Book/material is received is received from from shipment/donation shipment/donation 2. Inspection 2. Inspection for for physical physical defects defects 3. Book/material 3. Book/material areare permanently permanently identified identified 4. Assignment 4. Assignment of accession of accession numbers numbers 5. Preparation 5. Preparation of circulation of circulation cards, cards, pockets, pockets, and and due due date date slips slips 6. Preparation 6. Preparation of call of call numbers numbers 7. Attachment 7. Attachment of a ofprotective a protective covering covering 8. Separate 8. Separate by by department department or area or area 9. Materials 9. Materials areare interfiled interfiled on on a book a book cart cart 10. Set 10. Set outout for for shelving shelving

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Library Library Aids Aids (2)(2) PutPut returned returned books books and and other other items items in their in their proper proper places places on on thethe shelves, shelves, keep keep items items in the in the right right order, order, handle handle requests requests for for retrieving retrieving materials materials that that areare in secured in secured areas, areas, and and check check items items back back intointo thethe library. library.

G.116

Manger Manger (1) (1) Employs Employs management management techniques techniques effectively effectively in directing, in directing, planning, planning, organizing, organizing, staffing, staffing, coordinating, coordinating, budgeting, budgeting, and and evaluating evaluating thethe library's library's operation. operation.

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

SOUTH COMMONS USER REQUIREMENTS

social condenser location: sergovia designers: urbn project year: 2017+ social condenser location: trondheim designers: james hull project year: 2015

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little india - social condenser location: singapore designers: fu yingzi project year: 2015

G.117

contemporary social condenser catalog - program The main attribute of the cataloged contemporary social condensers are the variety within the actual program and the program’s container. Programs such as various food venues, shops, active spaces, and rest areas are all given a different physical space tailored to it’s needs. These varied physical attributes allow the programs to intersect in overlapping manners.

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

SOUTH COMMONS USER REQUIREMENTS

lochal library location: the netherlands designers: civic architects project year: 2019

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social condenser location: france - la madeleine – lille designers: muoto architectes, yoda architecture project year: 2017

G.118

contemporary social condenser catalog configuration + circulation Within the larger program divisions are smaller spatial and furniture configurations. Circulation is often organized into a variation of a loop, with the main program or spatial focal point in the center. The furniture configurations are then dispersed around this loop. The quality that stands out the most within these furniture configurations, and contemporary condensers as a whole, is the immense range of configurations. Organizations are rarely repeated in order to foster the most extensive range of uses possible.

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

SOUTH COMMONS USER REQUIREMENTS

SOUTH COMMONS DESIGN STRATEGY

Genuine space that has no other ambitions than to benefit the community has been lost in recent decades with the onset of consumer culture - we believe the library should reinvigorate this. To create this commons, as we call it, it is beneficial to look to the theory of a social condenser. A social condenser is a mixing of programs and people aimed to strengthen connections, knowledge, and democratic processes within the community. A developing and increasingly diverse community needs a common space working to combat highly individualistic trends of today and to function in an ever changing society. The collaboration of physical space and active public spheres (both social and political) to foster collective activity is the basis of the commons.

The definition of public space requires civic activities take place. The commons is a stage for debate and change, and should allow it to take place without the restrictions typical (and often disguised) of ‘public space’. These regulations determine who and what can reside in public space, deteriorating the very nature of its existence. The space must allow itself to be changed by public debate, not remain afraid of it. The commons will celebrate and uplift democratic processes in order to further the community in its identity and aspirations.

1. Formulate a design that will not only accommodate, but encourage the constantly changing intersections of public space.

4. Exhibition space to share, educate on, and celebrate local identity

2. Prioritize collaboration over isolation

1. Voting registration and voting rights education 2. Dedicate space to collaborative configurations + free speech exhibition space to spark dialogue

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

Create a space that acknowledges the civic aspect ingrained in public space.

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Re-frame the library as a collaboration of physical space and active public spheres.

3. Encourage and physically accommodate an active event schedule 4. Construct at the human scale

G.119

.01 LIBRARY AS COMMONS

.02 COMMONS AS CIVIC AGENCY

SOUTH COMMONS DESIGN STRATEGY

Distorting the circle to create the commons. The commons provides spaces for encounters that strengthen and further the best interest of the community - without a consumer agenda. This is a place where both formal and informal events and progress take place, notably civic engagement. South Lincoln has no platform where community members can exercise democratic processes without hidden regulations or a destructive culture. This proposal will be a space promoting debate and conversation in a healthy and productive way. The space will work to unify and stimulate a rather dull and disconnected area.

The circular form is utilized because it most effectively emphasizes the intersections of public space through a circulation ring in the center of that bleeds into the various programs. This wide intersection allows for various configurations hosting conversation and debate unseen in previous condensers, specifically promoting democratic processes. Within the intersection, a central depression in the floor functions as a versatile seating and gathering area. Reconfigurable dividers provide surfaces to project media upon and new divisions of space to aid in these processes. The asymmetrical sectored circle also lends itself to non-hierarchical organizations and intriguing push and pull distortions complimenting of environmental and view framing concerns. Undulating floors work to further interactions between the program sectors. This strategy is continued into the landscape, extending main formal lines to create gathering spaces varying in size and program.

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

In order to see these goals to fruition, we are striving to make the commons a central hub for the community, free of intimidation and polarization. This process will function best in an environment that finds an appropriate balance between energetic and grounded. Users will be immersed in the clashing of a multitude of programs in the center commons with the intentional lack of seclusion, physically and visually. Reconfigurable dividers provide surfaces to project media upon and new divisions of space to aid in these processes.

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

The idea of a social condenser to fulfill these goals has been explored time and time again but has yet to realize a form that’s successes lasts longer than just a brief moment in time. The works of infamous social condenser proponents such as Moisei Ginzburg and Rem Koolhaas can point us closer to achieving this form by studying their downfalls and improving upon them.

G.120

DESIGN POSITION

SOUTH COMMONS DESIGN STRATEGY

RECREATION

SHIP.+ RECEIVE

RECREATION PARKING

PARKING

2. The building program is orientated around the center of the circle to create the commons space, and radiated into the surrounding programs, allowing the entire building to function as a commons. This program organization allows the center to facilitate gathering and creates panoramic views into all of the primary areas and of the site.

3. Parts of the circle recede at various distances from the encompassing walkway to create opportunities for exterior gathering, to aid in accessibility + wayfinding, and to provide self-shading. These lengths are based on whether the programs are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary spaces.

4. The building height is lower on the Southside of the building and higher on the Northside to manage solar heat gain whilst allowing in natural light. The center is kept separate from the main roof to allow light into the center of the building. These varying heights keep the human scale in mind and correlate with the program and user types.

5. A roof is added to provide shading for outdoor spaces. A colonnade is added around the perimeter of the building and skylight to provide structure, shade, and privacy. The column spacing opens up at access points and major views points. The colonnade not only unifies the partitioned circle, but allows the commons to extend to the exterior.

6. The exterior site is seen as an extension of the building. This is done by using the primary design moves and program types within the site. The exterior program is created to provide a range of programs with a variety of scales and spatial types. There is access to the site and building from all sides.

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TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

1. A circular building plan is placed in the Northwest corner near the two major street frontages within the zoning corner setback. This leaves room for parking spaces, gathering recreation areas, and the service entry which their locations are based on similar typologies that are adjacent to the site.

SOUTH COMMONS MATERIAL NARRATIVE Materials that aid in the creation of a library as a commons.

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Concrete is a historic building material that has a long and rich past of being used within civic buildings. The use of concrete for the proposed library, and its monolithic qualities, creates an innate sense for users to make conclusions that this is a civic building. Concrete is a strong material and has a long lifespan which is valuable when being used within a civic center that must stand the test of time. There will be a mix of smooth and rough forms and finishes of concrete that will be used both on the interior and exterior of the building. Joints in the concrete are hidden to give the feeling of a carved out structure.

G.122

Copper-colored aluminum metal is a tertiary material and was chosen to bridge a connection between the concrete and wood materials since this metal has atmospheric qualities of both materials. This material will be used for accents such as possible dividing structures, window/door mullions, and signage on the interior and exterior of the building.

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

While the building form is contemporary and of its time, the materials chosen would be reflective of vernacular traditions for both civic buildings and local use of materials. The primary material that will be used within the building is concrete,, and the secondary material is metal. This project will use these materials along with a variety of textures and arrangements to call out sectors, spaces, and atmospheres within the building. The majority of the materials will be orientated horizontally to give a low profile quality to the building and for it to match the human scale. The mixing and intersections of the materials provide a connection to the mixing and intersections of the commons with other programs. The chosen materials will also have a hand in building sustainability and energy savings.

EVENT AND AUDITORUM program strategy READING SOCIALIZING SERVICE PRIVATE PUBLIC

CHILDREN ADULT + TEEN ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC MEETING ENTRANCE SERVICE

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COMMONS

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program massing

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SOUTH COMMONS DESIGN STRATEGY

100’

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0’

A.100

SOUTH COMMONS PLANS

context plan

200’

29. OFFICE ONE 30. OFFICE TWO 31. FRIENDS OF THE LIBRARY 32. STORAGE 33. RESTROOM 34. PUBLIC MEETING

SOUTH COMMONS PLANS site plan 01 PARKING 02 RAISED GATHERING AREAS 03 NATIVE GRASS BED 04 TREE LINE 05 LARGE EVENT SPACE 06 SOUND BLOCKING PLATEAU 07 NATIVE PLANTING BED 08 SMALL EVENT SPACE 09 GRASS TERRACE 10 READING TERRACE 11 PAVED TREE BARRIER 12 SERVICE ENTRANCE 13 BIO RETENTION BED

15 07

80’

16 06 18

13 21 11

19 20

22 10

160’

62’

02 05

25’

32 34

30 31

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20’

10’ FRONT SETBACK

01 03

91’

30’ REAR SETBACK

0’

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01 PARKING 02 RAISED GATH 03 NATIVE GRAS 04 TREE LINE 05 LARGE EVENT 06 SOUND BLOC 07 NATIVE PLANT 08 SMALL EVENT 09 GRASS TERRA 10 READING TERR 11 PAVED TREE BA 12 SERVICE ENTR 13 BIO RETENTIO

45’

20’

40’

9. CHILDREN’S INFO DESK 10. OUTDOOR SEATING 11. OUTDOOR READING 12. MECHANICAL ROOM 13. AUDITORIUM 14. COMMUNITY EVENT SPACE 15. STUDY ROOMS floor plan 16. TABLES AND SEATING 17. ENTRANCE READING SEATING 01 18. MAIN COLLABORATIVE 01 INFO DESK TECH WORKSPACES 19. COPY AND PRINT 03 COMMONS 20. LEARN ADULTTHROUGH + TEEN STACKS 04 PLAY 21. ADULT + TEEN INFO DESK 05 CHILDREN’S STACKS 06 SEATING 22. READING RESTROOMS 07 CHILDREN’S PROGRAM ROOM 23. SERVICE ROOMS 08 STORAGE 24. OUTDOOR EMPLOYEE LOUNGE 09 DESK 25. CHILDREN’S SHIPPING + INFO RECIEVING 10 OUTDOOR SEATING 26. STORAGE 1127.OUTDOOR READING STAFF LOUNGE 12 MECHANICAL ROOM 28. STAFF WORKSPACE 13 AUDITORIUM 29. OFFICE ONE 14 30.COMMUNITY OFFICE TWOEVENT SPACE 15 STUDY ROOMS 31. FRIENDS OF THE LIBRARY 16 TABLES AND SEATING 32. STORAGE 17 READING SEATING 33. RESTROOM 18 COLLABORATIVE TECH WORKSPACES 34. PUBLIC MEETING 19 COPY AND PRINT 20 ADULT + TEEN STACKS 21 ADULT + TEEN INFO DESK 22 RESTROOMS 23 SERVICE ROOMS 24 OUTDOOR EMPLOYEE LOUNGE 25 SHIPPING + RECEIVING 26 STORAGE 27 STAFF LOUNGE 28 STAFF WORKSPACE 29 OFFICE ONE 30 OFFICE TWO 31 FRIENDS OF THE LIBRARY 32 STORAGE 33 RESTROOM 34 PUBLIC MEETING

SOUTH COMMONS PLANS

19 20

22 10 03 -2.5’

0’

26 27

02 05

80’

ADA details 1

A-200

28 32

29 30

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A.102

2 A-2 04

40’

20’

A- 1 20 3

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1. ENTRANCE 2. MAIN INFO 3. COMMONS 4. LEARN THRO 5. CHILDREN’S 6. READING SE 7. CHILDREN’S 8. STORAGE 9. CHILDREN’S 10. OUTDOOR 11. OUTDOOR R 12. MECHANIC 13. AUDITORIU 14. COMMUNIT 15. STUDY ROO 16. TABLES AND 17. READING S 18. COLLABOR 19. COPY AND 20. ADULT + T 21. ADULT + TE 22. RESTROOM 23. SERVICE R 24. OUTDOOR 25. SHIPPING 26. STORAGE 27. STAFF LOU 28. STAFF WO 29. OFFICE ON 30. OFFICE TW 31. FRIENDS OF 32. STORAGE 33. RESTROOM 34. PUBLIC ME

0’

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SOUTH COMMONS PLANS ADA detail plan 0’

20’

80’

40’

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60”

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03 48”

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01 01 TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

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06 02

06 60”

48”

24” 60”

48” 24”

3’ 60”

48”

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48”

3’

05 05

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48”

06 06

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6’

SOUTH COMMONS PLANS roof plan 80’

4’

28’

0’

-8’

0’

SERVICE ACCESS

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40’

12’

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20’

0’

A.104

0’

20’

SOUTH COMMONS PLANS

-2.5’

0’

COMMUNITY FORUM

0’

VOTER EDUCATION AND REGISTRATION

-2.5’

0’

GUEST LECTURE

-2.5’

0’

LITERATURE HIGHLIGHT

STUDENT SHOWCASE

VOLUNTEER RECRUITMENT

A.105

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

-2.5’

0’

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

-2.5’

SOUTH COMMONS PLANS

INDIVIDUAL

PARTNER

GROUP

SMALL FORMAL MEETING

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

LARGE INFORMAL MEETING

A.106

LARGE FORMAL MEETING

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

SMALL INFORMAL MEETING

SOUTH COMMONS LIFE/SAFETY AND EGRESS

25’

life saftey site plan + fire ratings

CARBONATE CONCRETE FIRE RATINGS 27’

CARBONATE CONCRETE FIRE RATINGS

REQUIRED: WALLS- 2 HRS

3’

CARBONATE CONCRETE FIRE RATINGS ACTUAL: 8” THICK- 4 HRS REQUIRED: ACTUAL: ACTUAL: 5”REQUIRED: THICK- 2 HRS 8” THICK4 HRS WALLS2 HRS WALLS- 2 HRS 8” THICK4 HRS 5” THICK2 HRS 5” THICK2 HRS 18“ X 18”- 4 HRS

COLUMNS- 2 HRS

8” X 36”- 3 HRS

COLUMNS-22HRS HRS COLUMNS-

18“ 18“ X 18”4 HRS X 18”4 HRS 8” X8”36”3 HRS X 36”3 HRS

2 HOURS 3 HOURS

22HOURS HOURS

4 HOURS

HOURS 33HOURS

HOURS 44HOURS Source: IBC Tables 722.2.1.1, 722.2.2.1, 722.2.4

1:20

Source: IBC Tables 722.2.1.1, 722.2.2.1, 722.2.4

Source: IBC 2012 Section 722 PARKING SPOTS: 74 (4 ADA)

MIN. FIRE TRUCK TURNING RADIUS AND WIDTH: 25’

27’

0’

20’

80’

40’

25’ 25’

27’ 3’

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

27’ 3’

8” 4 HOURS

2 HOURS

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

1:20 1:20

18” 36” 18”

27’

3 HOURS

27’

0’

20’

40’

4 HOURS 80’ 0’

20’

40’

80’

8”

A.107

5”

36’

3’

27’ ’

11’

6’-9”

13’

52 ’

11’

’

SOUTH COMMONS LIFE/SAFETY AND EGRESS 40’

life saftey egress 16’

52’

41’

45’

3’

’ 43

’

4.5

SQFT.

PEOPLE

Commons Children’s Stacks Children’s Tables + Seating Auditorium Community Event Space Teen’s Stacks Teen’s Tables + Seating Adult’s Stacks Adult’s Tables + Seating Administration Public Meeting Room

5000 1900 1700 1600 1400 800 700 2000 1800 1000 1000

167 19 114 112 94 8 47 20 120 10 143

8’

EGRESS DOOR WIDTH: 3’ SINGLE, 6’ DOUBLE

10’

22’

’

1:20

OCCUPANCY LOADS:

MIN CORRIDOR WIDTH: 44”

’

5’

24’

REQUIRED NUMBER OF EXITS: 3 51’

EXIT ACESS TRAVEL DISTANCE: 150’ (MAX 250’)

0’

59’

13’

NO AREAS OF REFUGE REQUIRED

BUILDING CENTER

6’

EXIT DISCHARGE SIZING AND MIN. DISTANCE: 200’

33’

55’

18’

’

38’

21’

44’

40’

’

20’

10’

21’ 2’

0’

’

15’

’

40’

52’

27’ ’

11’

3’

36’

’ 36

6’-9”

13’

80’ TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

56’

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

27’

NO DEAD-END CORRIDORS (MAX 20’)

5’

A.108

’

COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL DISTANCE: 75’

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

01 west elevation

A.200

SOUTH COMMONS ELEVATIONS

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

02 north elevation

A.201

SOUTH COMMONS ELEVATIONS

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

01 west section

A.203

SOUTH COMMONS SECTIONS

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

02 south section

A.204

SOUTH COMMONS SECTIONS

SOUTH COMMONS DETAIL NARRATIVE

Creating an innate feeling through the unification of jagged and smooth concrete.

Moments of significant expression lie in the exterior columns and both floor to wall and ceiling to wall connections. This is an important detail to resolve in line with the proposal’s main goals, especially to expose the structure and celebrate the strong and solid qualities of civic architecture. The columns will be entirely cast in place concrete that give the appearance of a structural mullion when interfaced with the curtain walls. In reference to the wall connections to the floor and ceiling, there will be a divot in the vertical direction to give the appearance that the floor and ceiling are separate parts. This furthers our goals of creating a commons and utilizing the commons as a civic agent in that the floor appears as a durable platform for the community.

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

Concrete is the only material that will be altered based on interior vs. exterior placement. The exterior and interior sides of the sandwich wall construction will be a combination of tilt-slab concrete and cast-in-place concrete. Many of the walls will be load-bearing shear walls, providing strength and insulation. In the curtain wall, unitized glazing was chosen to diminish joints in windows in order to emphasize the concrete masses; in other words, create a natural feeling of open-air solids and voids.

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

The main elements of the exterior and interior building envelope are a monotone pallatte of taupe expressive sand cast concrete, jagged at an oversized scale on the exterior, and contrasting smooth concrete on the interior, with a radiant velvet finish. Within the use of different textures, the color serves as a unifier, something we hope to see occur among the users of the library. The interior is further divided among finish; the ceiling is a trowel finish, the walls are a sand blasted finish, and the floor is a polished finish. The rest of the envelope consists of glass, joined in a seamless manner to give the appearance of a void among the heavy concrete masses. Small accents of copper-colored aluminum are also used in instances of mullions and signage. These materials were chosen to curate feelings of innateness, stability, and civic importance, intended to promote gathering and activity.

A.300

DETAIL NARRATIVE

SOUTH COMMONS WALL SECTION AND DETAILS DETAIL WALL SECTION 1 DETAIL WALL SECTION 1

1.1

1.101 02 03 04 05 06

01 02 03 04 05 06

08 09 07

11 16 17

12 13 11 16 12

39 07 14

1.2 13 18 03

04 19 20 17

23 24

22 23 24

Concrete Color, Texture, Finish Concrete Color, Texture, Finish Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Flat) 25 27 Light Taupe, Trowel, Velvet Finish (Flat) 28 25 27 Light Taupe, Trowel, Velvet Finish (Flat) 29 Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Jagged) 28 29 Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Jagged) Light Taupe, Medium Exposed Aggregate, Polished Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Medium Exposed Aggregate, Polished Finish (Flat) SCALE: 0’-1/4” = 1-0’ Light Grey, Sand Blasted, Velvet Finish (Flat) SCALE: 0’-1/4” = 1-0’ Light Grey, Sand Blasted, Velvet Finish (Flat)

1/3 Beam Depth

13 18 03

1.2

1/3 Beam Depth

04 19 20 21 17

30 31 04 26

36 34

33 37 36

38 33 37

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

33 04 30 33 04 32 30 32 23 23

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

Concrete Parapet Coping Roof01 02 01 2” Concrete Roof Slab Coping Concrete Parapet 03 02 1/4” Water + Air Barrier 2” Concrete Roof Slab 04 03 1/8“ Class 1 Vapor Barrier 1/4” Water + Air Barrier 05 04 6” Polyisocyanurate Insulation R-Value: 43.2 1/8“ Class 1 Vapor Barrier 06 05 1/2” Dens Glass SheathingInsulation 6” Polyisocyanurate R-Value: 43.2 07 06 Concrete Beam (Waffle Slab Component) 1/2” Dens Glass Sheathing 08 07 Sand-casted Panel Slab Component) ConcreteConcrete Beam (Waffle 09 08 Construction Adhesive Sand-casted Concrete Panel 10 09 6” Extruded Polystyrene Load-bearing Element R-Value: 48 Construction Adhesive 11 10 1/4“ Cement Sealant 6” Extruded Polystyrene Load-bearing Element R-Value: 48 12 5” GapCement Sealant 11 Air 1/4“ 13 Exterior Light 12 5” Air Gap 14 1/2” Fiber Cement 13 Exterior Light Sheet Column 14 1/2” Fiber Cement Sheet 15 Cement Grout Column 16 15 Concrete Column Cement Grout 17 16 19mmConcrete Rebar Concrete ColumnReinforcement Wall 17 19mm Rebar Concrete Reinforcement Pavement Angled Light Wall18 19 18 1-1/2“ Pavement Air Gap Angled Light 20 2” Polyisocyanurate R-Value: 18.1 19 1-1/2“ Air Gap Insulation 21 20 8” Concrete Wall 2” Polyisocyanurate Insulation R-Value: 18.1 Floor/ 21 8” Concrete Wall Ground Floor/ 22 Concrete Sidewalk Ground 23 22 Filtrate Gravel Sidewalk Concrete 24 23 Geotextile Filtrate Gravel 25 24 Undisturbed Earth Geotextile 26 25 Concrete Foundation Undisturbed EarthWall 27 26 Key Joint and Water Stop Wall Concrete Foundation 28 27 Concrete Footing Key Joint and Water Stop 29 28 4” Drain Tile Concrete Footing 30 29 3-1/2”4” Polyisocyanurate Insulation R-Value: 25.2 Drain Tile 31 30 1/8” Water 3-1/2”Barrier Polyisocyanurate Insulation R-Value: 25.2 32 6“ Crushed Limestone 31 1/8” Water Barrier 33 32 Concrete Slab Floor 6“ Crushed Limestone 34 33 Floor Concrete Beam Concrete Footing Slab Floor 35 34 Supply HVAC Duct Floor Beam Concrete Footing 36 35 Concrete Beam Supply HVAC Duct 37 36 3” Steel Decking Concrete Beam 38 37 2” Riser Concrete Shell 3” Steel Decking 39 38 Return Duct 2” HVAC Riser Concrete Shell 39 Return HVAC Duct

A.301

Roof

SOUTH COMMONS WALL SECTION AND DETAILS

R-Value: 43.2

13 14 R-Value: 48

06 07 08 09

11 10 12

13 14

06 07 08 09

R-Value: 25.2

07 17

20 21

16 22

15 16 13 22 19

15 13 19

17 27

23 24 18

Concrete Color, Texture, Finish Light Taupe, Grade 1 Aggregate, Trowel Finish (Flat)

Light Taupe,Finish Grade(Flat) 1 Aggregate, Acid Etched Finish (Flat) aupe, Grade 1 Aggregate, Trowel

Concrete Color, Texture, Finish Light Taupe, Grade 1 Aggregate, aupe, Grade 1 Aggregate, Acid Etched Finish (Flat) Acid Etched Finish (Jagged)

Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Grade 2 Aggregate, Polished Finish (Flat) aupe, Grade 1 Aggregate, Acid Etched Finish (Jagged) Light Taupe, Trowel, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Grey, Grade 1 Aggregate, Sand Blasted Finish (Flat) aupe, Grade 2 Aggregate, Polished Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Jagged)

30 32

17 18

rey, Grade 1 Aggregate, Blasted (Flat) LightSand Taupe, MediumFinish Exposed Aggregate, Polished Finish (Flat) Light Grey, Sand Blasted, Velvet Finish (Flat) SCALE: 0’-1”= 1’-0”

30 32

33 31

28 29 25 26

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

ete Slab Floor

ure, Finish

11 10 12

01 02 03 04 05

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

09 2” Concrete Drip EdgeRoof Slab 02 10 1/4”1/2” Fiber+ Cement 03 Water Air BarrierSheet Steel Gauge I-Beam Class 1 Vapor Barrier 0411 1/8“Lightweight ed Frame 05 6” Polyisocyanurate Insulation um Insulated Mullion Window 06 Concrete Beam (Waffle Slab Component) ane Argon Insulated Glass Insulated Frame 0712 1/2” Dens Glass Sheathing 0813 Sand-casted Concrete Mullion Panel Aluminum Insulated 09 14 Construction Triple PaneAdhesive Argon Insulated Glass 10 6.5” Extruded Polystyrene Load-bearing Element 11 1/4“ Cement Sealant Floor/: 2hr ment Sealant Ground 12 5” Air Gap er Cement Sheet 13 1/2” Fiber Cement Sheet 15 1/4“ Cement Sealant ete Bench 14 Connector 16 Facade 1/2” Fiber Cement Sheet ete Foundation Wall 1517 Exterior Light Bench Concrete olyisocyanurate Insulation 25.2 18 Concrete FoundationR-Value: Wall COLUMN: crete Slab Floor 2hr 19 3-1/2” Polyisocyanurate Insulation 16 Grout Slab Floor 20 Cement 2“ Concrete l Decking 17 Concrete Column 21 3” Steel Decking HVAC Duct 18 19mm Rebar Concrete Reinforcement 22 Supply HVAC Duct ete Sidewalk 23 Concrete Sidewalk Gravel 24 Filtrate Gravel xtile 25 Geotextile urbed Earth 26 Undisturbed Earth nt and Water Stop27 Key Joint and Water Stop ete Footing 28 Concrete Footing 29 4” Drain Tile n Tile 30 3-1/2” Polyisocyanurate Insulation olyisocyanurate Insulation R-Value: 25.2 31 1/8” Water Barrier ater Barrier hed Limestone 32 6“ Crushed Limestone 33 Concrete Slab Floor

01 02 03 04 05

A.302

ete Parapet Coping crete Roof Slab ter + Air Barrier 1hr ass 1 VaporRoof: Barrier 01 Concrete Parapet Coping socyanurate Insulation R-Value: 43.2 02 2” Concrete Roof Slab ete Slab (Waffle Slab Component) 03 1/4” Water + Air Barrier ns Glass Sheathing 04 1/8“ Class 1 Vapor Barrier castedDETAIL ConcreteWALL Panel 05 6”SECTION Polyisocyanurate 1.1 Insulation ge 06 Concrete Slab (Waffle Slab Component) 1/2” Dens Glass Sheathing er Cement Sheet ROOF: 1hr 07 08 Sand-casted Concrete eight Steel Gauge01 I-Beam Concrete Parapet Coping Panel

ROOF: 1hr Concrete Parapet Coping 01 Concrete Parapet Coping 2” Concrete Roof Slab02 2” Concrete Roof Slab 1/4” Water + Air Barrier03 1/4” Water + Air Barrier 1/8“ Class 1 Vapor Barrier 04 1/8“ Class 1 Vapor Barrier 6” Polyisocyanurate Insulation R-Value: 43.2 05 6” Polyisocyanurate Insulation Concrete Beam (Waffle Component) 06 Slab Concrete Beam (Waffle Slab Component) 1/2” Dens Glass Sheathing 07 1/2” Dens Glass Sheathing Sand-casted Concrete 08Panel Sand-casted Concrete Panel Concrete Parapet Coping Construction Adhesive 09 Construction Adhesive 2” Concrete Slab10 Load-bearing 6.5” ExtrudedRoof Polystyrene Element R-Value: 48 6.5” Extruded Polystyrene Load-bearing Element 1/4” Water + Air Barrier 11 1/4“ Cement Sealant 1/4“ Cement Sealant 1/8“ Class 5” Air Gap1 Vapor Barrier 12 5” Air Gap 08 6” Insulation 1/2”Polyisocyanurate Fiber Cement Sheet 13 1/2” Fiber Cement Sheet R-Value: 43.2 Concrete Beam (Waffle Slab Component) Facade Connector 14 Facade Connector 1/2” Dens Glass Sheathing Exterior Light 15 Exterior Light Sand-casted Concrete Panel Construction Adhesive2hr COLUMN: 6.5” Extruded Polystyrene Cement Grout 16 Load-bearing Cement GroutElement R-Value: 48 1/4“ Cement Sealant 17 Concrete Column Concrete Column 5” Air Gap 19mm Rebar Concrete18Reinforcement 19mm Rebar Concrete Reinforcement 08 1/2” Fiber Cement Sheet Facade Connector Exterior Light

DETAIL WALL SECTION 1.1

COLUMN: 2hr 16 Cement Grout 17 Concrete Column 18 19mm Rebar Concrete Reinforcement

01 43.2 R-Value:

0103

04 02

05 03

06 04

02 08

R-Value: 48

09 10

10 07

10 16

14 12

Concrete Color, Texture, Finish Concrete Color, Texture, Finish Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Flat)

Light Taupe, Trowel, VelvetLight Finish (Flat) Trowel, Velvet Finish (Flat) Taupe,

Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Jagged) Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Jagged)

Light Taupe, Medium Exposed Polished FinishAggregate, (Flat) LightAggregate, Taupe, Medium Exposed Polished Finish (Flat) Concrete Color, Texture, Finish Light Sand Finish (Flat) Light Grey, Blasted, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Grey, Taupe, AcidBlasted, Etched, Velvet Velvet FinishSand (Flat) Light Taupe, Trowel, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Jagged)

SCALE: 0’-1”= 1’-0”

Light Taupe, Medium Exposed Aggregate, Polished Finish (Flat) Light Grey, Sand Blasted, Velvet Finish (Flat) SCALE: 0’-1”= 1’-0”

17 SCALE: 0’-1”= 1’-0”

17 12

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 ROOF: 1hr 08 01 09 02 10 03 11 04 12 05 13 06 14 07 15 08 COLUMN: 09 2hr 10 16 11 17 12 18 13 14 15

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

ROOF: 1hr

AND DETAILS

A.303

SOUTH COMMONS WALL SECTION DETAIL WALL SECTION DETAIL1.1WALL SECTION 1.1

WALL: 2hr 1/2” Fiber Cement Sheet 01 Facade Connector 02 1-1/2“ Air Gap 03 1/4” Water + Air Barrier 04 1/8“ Class 1 Vapor Barrier 05 2” Polyisocyanurate Insulation 06 8” Concrete Wall 19mm Rebar Concrete Reinforcement07 08 Concrete Parapet Coping

DETAIL WALL SECTION 1.1

1/2” Fiber Cement Sheet Facade Connector 1-1/2“ Air Gap 1/4” Water + Air Barrier 1/8“ Class 1 Vapor Barrier R-Value: 14.4 2” Polyisocyanurate Insulation 8” Concrete Wall 19mm Rebar Concrete Reinforcement

2” Concrete Roof Slab FLOOR: 2hr 1/4” Water + Air Barrier Concrete 1/8“ Class Sidewalk 1 Vapor Barrier /GROUND Sidewalk 43.2 09 ConcreteR-Value: Filtrate Gravel 6” Polyisocyanurate Insulation Filtrate Gravel 10 1/4“ Cement Sealant Concrete Beam (Waffle Slab Component) 11 1/4“ Cement Sealant Pavement AngleSheathing Light 1/2” Dens Glass Pavement Angle Light 12 Key Joint and Water Stop Sand-casted Concrete Panel Key Joint and Water Stop 13 Concrete Foundation Wall Construction Adhesive 14 Concrete Foundation Wall 1/8” Water Barrier 6.5” Extruded Polystyrene Load-bearing Element R-Value: 48 Barrier 15 1/8” Water 3-1/2” Polyisocyanurate R-Value: 25.2 1/4“ Cement Sealant Insulation 16 3-1/2” Polyisocyanurate Insulation Concrete 5” Air GapFloor Beam 17 Concrete Floor Beam 2” Concrete Slab Sheet 08 1/2” Fiber Cement 18 2” Concrete Slab 3” Steel Decking Facade Connector 19 3” Steel Decking Steel to Concrete Screws Exterior Light 20 Steel to Concrete Screws

COLUMN: 2hr 16 Cement Grout 17 Concrete Column 18 19mm Rebar Concrete Reinforcement WALL R-VALUE WALL R-VALUE MATERALS R-VALUE Exterior Air Film 1/2” Cement Board 1-1/2” Air Gap 1/4” Water + Air Barrier 1/8” Class 1 Vapor Barrier 2” Polyisocyanurate Insulation 8” Concrete Wall Interior Air Film

0.17 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 14.4 1.35 0.68

TOTAL:

18.1

R-Value: 14.4

03 04

TOTAL:

Concrete Color, Texture, Finish

18.1

Concrete Color, Texture, Finish Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Trowel, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Trowel, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Jagged) Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Jagged) 16 Light Taupe, Medium Exposed Aggregate, Polished Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Medium Exposed Aggregate, Polished Finish (Flat) Concrete Color, Texture, FinishBlasted, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Grey, Sand Light Grey, Sand Blasted, Velvet Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Flat)

Light Taupe, Trowel, Velvet Finish (Flat)

R-VALUE

Exterior Air Film 090.17 1/2” Cement Board 0.50 1-1/2” Air Gap 1.00 1/4” Water + Air Barrier 0.00 1/8” Class 1 Vapor Barrier 0.00 2” Polyisocyanurate Insulation 14.4 8” Concrete Wall 1.35 Interior Air Film 0.68

SCALE: 0’-1”= 1’-0”

Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Jagged) Light Taupe, Medium Exposed Aggregate, Polished Finish (Flat) Light Grey, Sand Blasted, Velvet Finish (Flat) SCALE: 0’-1”= 1’-0”

12 09

07 18 11

14 15

07 MATERALS

04 R-Value: 25.2

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 ROOF: 1hr 08 01 FLOOR: 2hr02 /GROUND 03 09 04 10 05 11 06 12 07 13 08 14 09 15 10 16 11 17 12 18 13 19 14 20 15

16 SCALE: 0’-1”= 1’-0”

17 18

15 16

15 17

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

WALL: 2hr

AND DETAILS

A.304

SOUTH WALL SECTION DETAIL WALLCOMMONS SECTION 1.2 DETAIL WALL SECTION 1.2

SOUTH COMMONS WALL SECTION AND DETAILS Roof: 1hr

6” Polyisocyanurate Insulation Concrete Beam (Waffle Slab Component) 1/2”Insulated Dens Glass Sheathing Frame Sand-casted Concrete Panel Aluminum Insulated Mullion Construction Adhesive Triple Pane Argon Insulated Glass 6.5” Extruded Polystyrene Load-bearing Element 1/4“ Cement Sealant 5” Air Gap 1/2” Fiber Cement Sheet 1/4“ Cement Sealant Facade Connector 1/2” Fiber Exterior Light Cement Sheet

R-Value: 43.2

17 18

20 21

R-Value: 43.2

12 13 15 16 14

R-Value: 48 22

Concrete Bench

COLUMN: 2hr 18 Concrete Foundation Wall 1619 Cement 3-1/2” Grout Polyisocyanurate Insulation Column 17 20 Concrete 2“ Concrete Slab Floor Rebar Concrete Reinforcement 1821 19mm 3” Steel Decking

01 02 03 04 05

10 11 12 13 14

R-Value: 25.2

Supply HVAC Duct

06 07 08

SCALE: 0’-1 1/2” = 1-0’

SCALE: 0’-1” = 1-0’

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

Concrete Color, Texture, Finish

Light Taupe, Acid Etched, Velvet Finish (Flat)

Light Taupe, Trowel, Velvet Finish (Flat)

Light Taupe, Etched, Velvet (Jagged) Light Taupe, AcidAcid Etched, Velvet FinishFinish (Jagged) Light Taupe, Medium Exposed Aggregate, Polished Finish (Flat) Light Taupe, Medium Exposed Aggregate, Polished Finish (Flat) Light Grey, Sand Blasted, Velvet Light Grey, Sand Blasted, Velvet FinishFinish (Flat) (Flat) SCALE: 0’-1”= 1’-0”

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

05 Window06 0712 08 13 09 14 10 11 Floor/: 2hr 12 Ground 13 1415 1516

2% Slope Roof

A.305

Concrete Parapet Coping 01 02 2” Concrete Roof Slab 1/4” Water + Air Barrier 03 04 1/8“ Class 1 Vapor Barrier 6”SECTION Polyisocyanurate 05 DETAIL WALL 1.1 Insulation 06 Concrete Slab (Waffle Slab Component) 1/2” Dens Glass Sheathing ROOF: 1hr 07 Sand-casted 08 Concrete 01 ParapetConcrete Coping Panel 02 Drip EdgeRoof Slab 09 2” Concrete 0310 1/4”1/2” Water + Air Barrier Sheet Fiber Cement Class 1 Vapor Barrier 0411 1/8“Lightweight Steel Gauge I-Beam

SOUTH COMMONS WALL SECTION AND DETAILS

INSIDE 68 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

OUTSIDE 19 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

0 01

02 03

04+05

1/2” 1.5”

1/8” (ALL)

2”

8”

THICKNESS (IN)

01 OUTSIDE AIR FILM 02 CEMENT BOARD 03 AIR GAP 04 AIR BARRIER + WATER BARRIER 05 CLASS I VAPOR BARRIER 06 6” POLYISOCYANURATE INSULATION 07 REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL 08 INSIDE AIR FILM

DEW POINT

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

DEW POINT

0 01

03, 04, 05

1/2”

6”

1/8” (ALL)

2”

THICKNESS (IN)

01 DENSE GLASS SHEATHING 02 POLYISOCYANURATE INSULATION 03 CLASS I VAPOR BARRIER 04 WATER BARRIER 05 AIR BARRIER 06 SAND-CAST JAGGED TAUPE CONCRETE PANEL

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

INSIDE 68 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

DEGREES (F)

OUTSIDE 19 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

A.306

SOUTH COMMONS ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

spring + autumn passive ventilation FRESH AIR STALE AIR

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

SUPPLY + FRESH AIR RETURN + STALE AIR

Our proposal for the new Library branch will include both passive and active strategies that will aid in human comfort while lowering energy consumption. The primary active strategy used is the VAV central HVAC system, supplied through the floor. A VAV System was chosen for its energy efficiency, low noise disturbance, and more precise temperature control. This overall strategy was chosen for its benefits such as improved thermal comfort, increased ventilation efficiency / indoor air quality, reduced life cycle building costs, reduced energy use, and improved productivity. Passive strategies employed far out number the active, working to achieve an energy-efficient building without sacrificing human comfort. The first strategy includes utilizing the building’s form and its orientation to avoid over-exposure from the sun, while still allowing ample amounts of daylight to seep in and without sacrificing views outward. The use of insulation and insulating materials is another strategy used to increase energy efficiency. This includes capitalizing on the natural properties of concrete, adding continuous insulation, reducing the thermal bridges, and adding insulation to windows. Furthermore, the roof will be finished with a light reflective coating that reflects solar radiation, reducing unwanted solar heat gain. During shoulder seasons, natural ventilation will come from the lower exterior openings and exit through the high center of the building.

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

summer + winter active heating + cooling systems

Utilizing active and passive strategies to keep human comfort high and energy costs low.

A.400

ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

SOUTH COMMONS ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

10. UTILIZING TRIPLE PANE WINDOWS FILLED WITH ARGON GAS FOR INSULATION PURPOSES.

3. SECTORS ARE EXTRUDED TO SHADE ADJACENT WINDOWS + SECTORS. SHADING DEVICES ARE ALSO EMPLOYED OVER THE SHALLOWER SECTORS. 4. MAKING IT A PRIORITY TO PURCHASE STEEL, LUMBER, CONCRETE, AND FINISHING MATERIALS, FROM COMPANIES THAT USE ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES OR RECYCLED MATERIALS. 5. CHOOSING LOW EMITTING MATERIALS IN PRE FABRICATED FORM 6. PRIMARY MATERIAL: CONCRETE ABSORBS & RETAINS HEAT (INCREASES EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS AND CUTS HEATING/COOLING BILLS)

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

9. LANDSCAPING CHOICES CAN MAKE A BIG IMPACT IN CIVIC BUILDING WATER CONSUMPTION. BY USING TREES, PLANTS, AND GRASSES THAT ARE NATIVE TO THE AREA, ARCHITECTS CAN GREATLY REDUCE IRRIGATION NEEDS. LANDSCAPING CAN ALSO BE USED AS PART OF A PASSIVE ENERGY STRATEGY. BY PLANTING TREES THAT SHADE THE ROOF AND WINDOWS IN THE SOUTH SIDE, DURING THE HOTTEST TIME OF THE DAY, SOLAR HEAT GAIN INSIDE THE BUILDING CAN BE REDUCED.

2. STRATEGIC PLACEMENT OF WINDOWS MAKES DAY-LIGHTING AVAILABLE, THEREBY MINIMIZING THE NEED FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING DURING THE DAY.

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

8. PERMEABLE PAVEMENT CAPTURES RUN OFF AND SLOWLY RELEASES IT INTO THE GROUND, REDUCING POSSIBILITY OF OVERFLOW WITHIN STORM DRAINS. THE TOPOGRAPHY IS ORIENTED TOWARDS THE EXISTING PRIMARY DRAIN WORKS TO MANAGE STORM WATER.

1. LESS NUMBER OF WINDOWS FACING THE SOUTH.

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7. IMPLEMENTING HIGH-EFFICIENCY ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING, HVAC, AND OTHER SYSTEMS, WHICH ARE DESIGNED TO HAVE SMALL ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINTS.

SPOT DROP BAR DROP SQUARE 0’

20’

40’

80’

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lighting plan original diagram

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SOUTH COMMONS ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

EXHAST INTAKE

SUPPLY RETURN

SOUTH COMMONS ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS EXHAST SUPPLY

RETURN

VAV BOX

AIR HANDLING UNIT

VAV BOX

HVAC plan Hot and cold air will use the same ductwork. original diagram INTAKE

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VENT SIZES - 48” x 48“ - 48” x 12” - 24” x 12” - 36” x 8”

EXHAST SUPPLY RETURN VAV BOX AIR HANDLING UNIT 0’

20’

40’

80’

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VENT SIZES - 48” x 48“ - 48” x 24” - 12” x 12” - 20” x 6” - 36” x 12”

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

AIR HANDLING UNIT

INTAKE EXHAST

SOUTH COMMONS ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

SUPPLY RETURN VAV BOX

HVAC systems diagram Hot and cold air will use the same ductwork. original diagram

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

AIR HANDLING UNIT

EXHAST SUPPLY RETURN

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INTAKE

AIR HANDLING UNIT

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VAV BOX

SOUTH COMMONS BUILDING PERFORMANCE

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

The use of a unifying and culturally significant colonnade to shade the interior.

UNDERLIT GOAL LIGHTING OVERLIT

AFTER

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BEFORE

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The climate studio analysis measures the colonnade design that wraps the outside of the circular form. This element was measured because it had the opportunity to provide the best impact on daylighting throughout the building. To fulfill this, the density and depth of the shading luevers were adjusted based on the amount of exposure the sector receives. We also analyzed different strategies for the large central sunlight and found that the strategy that allowed diffused light in from the sides worked the best.

SOUTH COMMONS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

35,281.04’ 10.00 3,528.00’

ACTUAL BIO RETENTION AREA:

4,443.44’

BIO RETENTION PERMEABLE PAVING

TEMPORARY PONDING AREA BIO RETENTION SOIL PEASTONE SEPARATOR GRAVEL BED NATIVE SOIL

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

IMPERVIOUS ROOFTOP AREA: FACTOR FOR CLAY SOILS: BIO RETENTION AREA:

The average annual rainfall in Lincoln, NE, is 40 inches, with a monthly high of 4 inches occuring in late May. With a starting condition of no systems in place to accomodate this, we aimed to make use of the building’s overall form to reckon with these statistics through the heavily tilted roof plane. Gravity directs precipitation from the north end of the building towards the south end where the slope axis occurs. Directly underneath the south end of the roof are two bio retention areas sized to accomodate rainfall needs. This was done using the following formula: for a 3-inch ponding depth, the rain garden size equals the impervious area to be treated divided by 10. Furthermore, clay soils found on sites like ours drain slower, so a 3” deep bed is preferred over the typical 6”. This size bed accomodates a drainage rate of less than 1” per hour, plenty for Lincoln averages. We also opted for pourus paving in several areas of the site to further combat instances of excessive rain.

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area calculations

Reducing the impacts of stormwater and cut and fill preparation.

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

SOUTH COMMONS STRUCTURE

The use of exposed structural concrete to reinforce a sense of prominance that a public library deserves.

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The main material, and the material used for the primary structure of the proposal is reinforced concrete. The concrete for the columns/colonnade, shear walls, and waffle slab ceiling will be exposed to give certain experiential and aesthetic qualities, as well as performative qualities. This choice was made with concrete’s historical significance in mind, specifically its use within civic architecture and historic classical buildings. The primary goal for the structure is to apply this combination to give the building a monolithic quality and a sense of importance and prominence within the community.

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STRUCTURAL NARRATIVE

SOUTH COMMONS STRUCTURE 1 Concrete Slab (Waffle Slab Component) 2” Thick

2 Concrete Beam 1 (Waffle Slab Component) 1.5’ x 8”

3 Concrete Beam 2 (Waffle Slab Component) 3’ x 8”

4 Concrete Column 1

2.5‘ x 8”

5 Concrete Column 2

95’

3‘ x 8”

6 Concrete Column 3

1.5’ x 1.5’

7 Concrete Shear Walls

1‘ Thick, 8” Thick

8 Concrete Foundation Wall 1

4’-5”

5’ x 6’

9 Concrete Foundation Wall 2

1’ x 6’

10 Concrete Floor Beam

63’

1.5’ x 8”

Column: 1.5’ x 1.5‘

Footing: 4’ x 4’

13’-8”

strucural isometric original drawing

38’-2”

22’ 5

17’

17’-9”

11 12

13’-5”

29’

64’

10 9 48’

8 13’

4’

Concrete Slab (Waffle Slab Component) 2” Thick 2 Concrete Beam 1 (Waffle Slab Component) 1.5’ x 8” 3 Concrete Beam 2 (Waffle Slab Component) 3’ x 8” 4 Concrete Column 1 2.5‘ x 8” 5 Concrete Column 2 3‘ x 8” 6 Concrete Column 3 1.5’ x 1.5’ 7 Concrete Shear Walls 1‘ Thick, 8” Thick 8 Concrete Foundation Wall 1 5’ x 6’ 9 Concrete Foundation Wall 2 1’ x 6’ 10 Concrete Floor Beam 1.5’ x 8” 11 Concrete Footing 1 Column: 1’ x 1’ Footing: 2‘ x 2’ 12 Concrete Footing 2 Column: 1.5’ x 1.5‘ Footing: 4’ x 4’

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

Footing: 2‘ x 2’

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Column: 1’ x 1’

12 Concrete Footing 2

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11 Concrete Footing 1

SOUTH COMMONS STRUCTURE

Concrete Column 1 3‘ x 8”

Concrete Column 2

1.5’ x 1.5’

Concrete Shear Walls

1‘ Thick, 8” Thick

Concrete Foundation Wall 1 5’ x 6’

Concrete Foundation Wall 2

1’ x 6’

Concrete Floor Beam

1.5’ x 8”

Column: 1.5’ x 1.5‘

Footing: 4’ x 4’

I H

47’

13’-5”

64’

3’

17’-9”

R 3

strucural plan original drawing

7 49’-9”

22’

2 3

48’

4 5

C U

6 7

Concrete Column 1 3‘ x 8” Concrete Column 2 1.5’ x 1.5’ Concrete Shear Walls 1‘ Thick, 8” Thick Concrete Foundation Wall 1 5’ x 6’ Concrete Foundation Wall 2 1’ x 6’ Concrete Floor Beam 1.5’ x 8” Concrete Footing 1 Column: 1’ x 1’ Footing: 2‘ x 2’ Concrete Footing 2 Column: 1.5’ x 1.5‘ Footing: 4’ x 4’

TYMAREE KRUSEMARK MEGAN KORTENHOF

Footing: 2‘ x 2’

38’-5”

ARCH 411 DAVID NEWTON

Column: 1’ x 1’

Concrete Footing 2

39’-9”

A.502

Concrete Footing 1

SOUTH COMMONS STRUCTURE stair drawings original drawing

4’ 8’-11” 3’

11”

3’

MEGAN’S STAIR PLAN

TYMAREE’S STAIR PLAN 4’

11’

7”

7’ 3’

7” TYMAREE’S STAIR SECTION

MEGAN’S STAIR SECTION

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2”

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3’

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SOUTH COMMONS PERSPECTIVES

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SOUTH COMMONS PERSPECTIVES

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SOUTH COMMONS PERSPECTIVES

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SOUTH COMMONS PERSPECTIVES

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SOUTH COMMONS PERSPECTIVES

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SOUTH COMMONS PERSPECTIVES

PHASE 2 SOURCES 1. Kuvio. “Oodi Helsinki Central Library, ALA Architects.” Inexhibit, 23 Nov. 2019, www.inexhibit.com/case-studies/oodi-helsinki-central-library-ala-architects/. 2. Bodenstein, David. “Vennesla Library.” Behance, 22 Mar. 2014, www.behance.net/gallery/15494693/Vennesla-Library. 3. Corti-Cervantes, Andrew. “Qatar National Library.” Dornob, 24 Jan. 2019, dornob.com/qatars-national-library-is-a-modern-wonderland-of-books/qatar-main/. 4. Choi , Chuck. “Northside Library / NBBJ.” ArchDaily, 21 Nov. 2017, www.archdaily.com/883858/northside-library-nbbj. 5. Caruso, Edward. “Musashino-Art-University-Library: 12.” Edward Caruso Photography, edwardcaruso.com/libraries/Musashino-Art-University-Library/12. 6. Kotila, Hanna. “Apila-Library.” Seinäjoen Kirjasto, kirjasto.seinajoki.fi/english/library-buildings/apila/. 7. Lucarelli, Fosco, Paula Pocol says, and Neal Hoey says. “The Narkomfin Building in Moscow (1928-29): A Built Experiment on...” SOCKS, February 9, 2018. https://socks-studio.com/2016/12/04/the-narkomfin-building-in-moscow-1928-29-a-built-experiment-on-everyday-life/. 8. Wolfe, Ross. “Soviet Workers’ Clubs in the 1920s.” House, August 3, 2016. https://thecharnelhouse.org/2014/06/01/soviets-workers-clubs-in-the-1920s/.

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9. “Educatorium.” OMA. Accessed March 11, 2022. https://www.oma.com/projects/educatorium.