VITAL SIGNS COMMUNICATING THE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL HEALTH OF THE MARSHFIELD AREA COMMUNITY AUGUST 2014
INTRODUCTION The City of Marshfield, Marshfield Area United Way and Marshfield Area Community Foundation share a common goal of improving the lives of individuals in the Marshfield area. These agencies have partnered since 2011 to produce Vital Signs, a compilation of data relating to the economic and social health of the Marshfield area. Data in this report are presented over multiple years to show the trends that are shaping in the community. This issue provides an updated snapshot of key economic and social indicators over the past 10 years. Current economic conditions have hit our community, neighbors and friends hard. This report seeks to track the impact of the current recession on our local economies and families. Our hope is that local decision-makers and organizations will utilize this data, as they weigh their decisions for the betterment of our community.
Third Edition When possible, data in the report spans a decade from
2003-2013
Jason Angell
Amber Kiggens-Leifheit
Paula Jero
Vital Signs 3
DEMOGRAPHICS
POPULATION Population for the area was estimated by using the Marshfield School District as the examined area. The population trend for the Marshfield School District was relatively uniform from 2003 to 2006 at 27,000 people. In 2007, the Marshfield School District population decreased by 1% and in 2008 decreased even further dropping to 26,631. The population hit 27,670 in 2010, dipped down a bit in 2011 and then bounced back to 27,764 in 2012. The population trend for Wood County from 2003 until 2009 was on a gradual decline. There was a slight increase in 2009 and in 2010 jumped up to 74,793 people. Since 2010, the population trend has, again, shown another gradual decline.
2008-2012 Race Estimate for the City of Marshfield White alone Black or African American alone American Indian and Alaska Native alone Asian alone Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone Some other race alone Two or more races Two races including Some other race Two races excluding Some other race, and three or more races
17,999 45 84 367 0 91 69 12 57
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2008-2012 American Community Survey 27,800
Marshfield Area School District Population Trend
27,600 27,400
Population
27,200 27,000 26,800 26,600 26,400 26,200 26,000 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
2009
2010
2011
2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau — Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) Program
Wood County Population Trend
75,000 74,800 74,600
Population
74,400 74,200 74,000 73,800 73,600 73,400 73,200 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
2009
2010
2011
Source: U.S. Census Bureau — Population Estimates, Counties 4 Vital Signs
2012
CONSTRUCTION/HOUSING
NEW HOMES/NON-RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS From 2003 to 2011, the city of Marshfield experienced a decline in residential construction. Since 2003, there was a 75% decrease in new house starts. In 2012, Marshfield saw its first increase in new home starts since 2002.
NON-RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS INCLUDE: • NEW NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS • NON-RESIDENTIAL ALTERATIONS, REMODELS & REPAIRS • NON-RESIDENTIAL ADDITIONS
Non-residential projects, from 2003 to 2012, remained relatively stable with an average of 112 projects per year. Project numbers have oscillated between 2003 and 2010. Between 2006 and 2009, there were 12 fewer projects per year leading to a 28% decrease. Though, there was a positive turn between 2009 to 2012 due to an increase of an average 14 projects per year. City of Marshfield New Home Starts
City of Marshfield Non-Residential Projects
New Houses
41
21 12
2003
2004
2005
2006
13
2007
14
2008
Year
13
2009
14 10
2010
8
2011
2012
11
Non-Residential Projects
55
135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70
Year
2013
Source: Marshfield Economic Development 2013 Annual Report
Source: Marshfield Economic Development 2013 Annual Report
HOME VALUE
Average Sale Price of Single Family Homes in Marshfield 2013
$121,868
2012
$111,870
2011
$127,632
2010 Year
From 2006 to 2007, the average sale price of a home significantly increased from $120,403 to $141,122. The average sale price of a home in Marshfield then gradually decreased each year until 2010 averaging out near the value in 2006. In 2012, the average sale price fell to $111,870 but recovered a bit in 2013 increasing 9%.
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
$123,914
2009
$128,210
2008
$139,075
2007
$141,122
2006
$120,403
2005
$123,524
Average Sale Price
Source: 2014 Marshfield Housing Study Vital Signs 5
CONSTRUCTION/HOUSING
FORECLOSURES
As would be suspected, when the recent economic hard times took effect, the number of foreclosures in Wood County increased. Wood County foreclosures nearly doubled from 2007 to 2009 increasing by 89%. Wood County foreclosures have continually been on the decline since 2009. In 2013, there were 163 total. The lowest there has been since 2008. Since 2009, Marshfield has consistently accounted for approximately 25-35% of the county foreclosures each year.
Foreclosures in Wood County 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
2013 Wood County Foreclosures (163 Total)
Marshfield Foreclosures 41 (25%)
Other Foreclosures Wood County (122) 75%
266
246
207
206
2007
2008
2009
2010
Marshfield Foreclosures 50 (30%)
Marshfield Forclosures 58 (25%)
Other Foreclosures Wood County 170 (75%)
Source: Wisconsin Circuit Court Access System 6 Vital Signs
2011
2012
Source: Wisconsin Circuit Court Access System
Other Foreclosures Wood County 156 (70%)
163
141
2012 Wood County Foreclosures (206 Total)
2011 Wood County Foreclosures (228 Total)
228
2013
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
SOCIOECONOMIC
For the past four years, educational attainment for the population 25 years and older has remained quite constant for the state of Wisconsin and the four regional communities compared: Marshfield, Wisconsin Rapids, Stevens Point and Wausau. Percentages in the seven categories of educational attainment for Marshfield and Wisconsin are quite similar to one another. Stevens Point exceeds all other communities in the percentage of the population 25 and older with a Bachelor’s and Graduate/Professional degree. This can be attested to the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point four-year campus in the community. Wisconsin Rapids trails all other regional communities in percentage of the population 25 and older with a Bachelor’s or Graduate/Professional degree but has a slightly higher percentage population of individuals with an Associate’s Degree.
Please note: Data included is for city limits of each municipality listed.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey Vital Signs 7
SOCIOECONOMIC
UNEMPLOYMENT
Since 2003, Wood County has had a slightly higher annual unemployment rate than the State unemployment rate. From 2007 to 2009, the Wood County unemployment rate jumped from 5.2% to 8.9%, increasing 3.7 percentage points. The unemployment rate peaked for both the State (8.7%) and Wood County (8.9%) in 2008. The National unemployment rate peaked the next year in 2009 at 9.6%. Wood County’s annual unemployment rate was higher than the National unemployment rate from 2004 until 2008. Since 2009, both the Wisconsin unemployment rate and the Wood County unemployment rate have remained below the National unemployment rate. In 2013, the Wood County annual unemployment rate was 7%. Unemployment Rate U.S.
10.0%
WI State
Wood County
9.0%
Unemployment Rate (%)
8.0% 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Year
Source: http://worknet.wisconsin.gov/
INCOME From 2005 to 2012, the National and State median household income levels have been consistently comparable to one another, fluctuating at a consistent rate with the economic climate. Wood County’s median household income peaked in 2007 at $50,077 which was relatively flat compared to state and national averages. Since that time, Wood County’s median household income has averaged 8-10 percentage points below both state and national averages. In 2012, there’s a significant 10% ($5036) gap in the median household income for the state of Wisconsin and Wood County. Median Household Income US
$60,000
WI
Wood Co
Marshfield
$50,000
Median Household Income
Data from the US Census Bureau for the city of Marshfield shows that, historically, Marshfield’s median household income is below Wood County’s.
$40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Source: U.S. Census Bureau — Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) Program 8 Vital Signs
SOCIOECONOMIC
ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE Public Assistance Income Households in Wood County receiving some type of public assistance income* (examples of public assistance income includes, but is not limited to: Section 8 housing, W-2 participants, child care assistance) peaked in 2009 at 896. That number fell by nearly 50% in the next year and bounced back up in 2011 increasing by 159 recipients from 2010. In 2012, that number dipped again back to 447 households.
Public Assistance Income Recipients Wood County Households
Marshfield Households 896
603 471
645
573
486
429
122
125
447 166
166
Marshfield had a 36% increase in the number of participants receiving some type of public assistance 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 income between 2009 and 2011 and then remained constant into 2012. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey *Data for Public Assistance Income does not include SNAP recipients.
Wisconsin Work (W-2) program
Yearly Average W-2 Caseload Wood County 160 140 # of Participants
The W-2 program helps individuals prepare for a job, find and keep a job, collect child support, help with child care, and move families toward becoming self-sufficient. From 2003 to 2009, the average yearly caseload for W-2 participants fell about 20%. After the economic downturn, the average caseload increased every year (2009-2011) until peaking at an average of 150 individuals. The past two years have remained constant at approximately 135 participants in Wood County.
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Wisconsin Department of Children and Families Vital Signs 9
SOCIOECONOMIC
ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FoodShare Wisconsin FoodShare Wisconsin helps individuals and families who have little money to buy the food they need for good health. The US Department of Agriculture is responsible for setting the basic program rules so they are similar everywhere in the country. The Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services administer the State’s FoodShare Program. Government workers at county/tribal human or social service agencies (local agencies) determine eligibility for FoodShare benefits and are responsible for issuing benefits.
Unduplicated Food Stamp/FoodShare Recipients Wood County 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008
Children
2007
Adults
2006 2005 2004 2003 0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services Eligibility For the past ten years, FoodShare participation in Wood County has continued to rise. In 2013, Wood Management FoodShare Wisconsin Data County has 18,332 individuals (11,307 adults, 7025 children) receiving FoodShare benefits.
FoodShare Wisconsin Program at a Glance
• 15% of the 5.7 million people in Wisconsin receive FoodShare, 12.4% of the state population was at or below the federal poverty line, which is 2% lower than the national rate. • 55% of the recipients are female, 45% are male, 59% are adults and 41% are minors, 41% of households have minors in them. • Of the households with minors, 65% have one parent, 34% have two parents and 2% have no parent. There are 883 minors in 878 households that are parents. • Children, age 4 and under make up the largest age grouping, making up 13% of the recipients. 50% of the recipients are age 23 and younger. • 20% of FoodShare recipients are elderly, blind, or disabled. The average payment to their household is $167. However, 38% of households contain at least one individual that is, either elderly, blind, or disabled. The average allotment for households that contain an elderly, blind, or disabled member is at $152. However, 19% of the EBD caseload is receiving an allotment of $20 or less. • 33% of households have at least one person working. The average monthly earned income of those households is $1250. 39% of adult FoodShare recipients are employed. • A “working family” is defined as a FoodShare household that contains at least one minor, at least one parent of a minor, and at least one employed recipient. Working families make up 21% of the statewide FoodShare households, average 3.6 persons per household, and average $1509 in earned income per month. Source: WI Department of Health Services Eligibility Management FoodShare Wisconsin Data - December 2013 Summary 10 Vital Signs
ECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE Free and Reduced Meals Program Participation The Marshfield School District has historically had a lower percentage of students enrolled in the program compared to Wood County and Wisconsin. However, Free and Reduced Meals program participants continue to increase. From 2008 to 2012, Marshfield was, on average, increasing participation by 3 percentage points each year, which was at a greater rate than both county and state participation. Most recently, all three (State, County, and Marshfield) percentages increased at a similar rate of about one percent from 2012 to 2013. Free and Reduced Meals program participation in the Marshfield School District has increased by 130% in the last ten years. Currently, 34.46% of public students participate in the Free and Reduced Meals Program.
SOCIOECONOMIC
Nutrition On Weekends (NOW) Program The Nutrition On Weekends program is a collaborative, community effort to target childhood hunger. The program was created in response to data collected from 8th, 10th, and 12th grades students in the 2012 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Twenty percent of students surveyed indicated he/she had gone to bed hungry at least once in the past thirty days because there was not enough food in the home. The program provides healthy, easy-to-prepare nutritional foods for children during the weekend. The program started serving children in our area in October 2013. NOW Program Data - Students currently enrolled Marshfield School District Lincoln Elementary School.................. 20 Madison Elementary School................ 15 Nasonville Elementary School............. 17 Grant Elementary School..................... 24 Granton School District.................................... 37 The NOW program will be expanding in the beginning of the 2014-2015 school year to serve children at Washington Elementary and Marshfield Middle Schools, as well as, the Spencer School District.
1 out of 5*
Marshfield Middle & High School students indicated he or she had gone to bed hungry once or more in the past 30 days because there was not enough food in the home. *2012 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data.
Percentage
Percent of Public Students Participating in Free and Reduced Meals Program 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Wisconsin Wood County Marshfield
Fiscal Year
Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction
Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction Vital Signs 11
SOCIOECONOMIC
ECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE Percent of children ages 5 to 17 years old in families in poverty
Percent of Children Ages 5-17 in Families in Poverty U.S.
25.0%
WI State
Wood County
Marshfield School District
20.0%
Percent
The Marshfield School District had a lower percentage in this category compared to Wood County, Wisconsin and the United States. Marshfield had an average of 9% of 5 to 17 year olds fall in this category between 2003 and 2011. This is lower in comparison to 11% for Wood County, 13% for the State, and 17% for the U.S. From 2003 to 2011, the percent of children ages 5 to 17 years-old in families in poverty more than doubled. After the economic downturn, Marshfield experienced a 44% increase from 2009 to 2010, while Wood County also experienced a significant increase of 36%. Percentages for the U.S. (9% increase) and Wisconsin (13% increase) were less affected during that time.
15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Year
Source: U.S. Census Bureau — Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) Program
SNAPSHOT OF MENTAL HEALTH
(Marshfield Middle and High School Students)
Students who reported feeling so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that they stopped doing some usual activities during the past 12 months. Students who seriously considered attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Students who reported actually attempting suicide in the past 12 months.
High School
Middle School
21.2%
19.3%
12%
12.8%
6.1%
5.25%
This data was taken from the 2012 Youth Risk Behavior Survey given to middle and high school students at both Marshfield public and private schools. The survey is anonymous and optional. Topics the survey covers include: alcohol and drug use, violence related behavior, bullying, distracted driving, mental health, hunger and healthy lifestyle behaviors. A total of 543 surveys were conducted in the high schools and 305 in the middle schools. 12 Vital Signs
SOCIOECONOMIC
ECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE Number of homeless youth (Marshfield Public School District)
Homeless Youth 90
The Marshfield School District defines homeless 80 70 children and youth as individuals who lack a fixed, 60 50 regular, and adequate night-time residence. The 40 30 number of homeless students spiked in the 20 2011-12 school year with 83 students reported. 10 0 This is an alarming increase in homeless youth numbers, as just eight years prior in the 2003-04 school year, there were no reported homeless youth Marshfield School District in Marshfield. Homelessness correlates directly to poor academic achievement and an increased Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction dropout rate. The term “homeless” includes children and youth who: • Share the housing of other persons due to the loss of housing, economic hardship, or a similar reason • Are living in motels, hotels, trailer parks, or camping ground due to the lack of alternative adequate accommodations • Are living in emergency or transitional shelters; are abandoned in hospitals • Are awaiting foster care placement • Have a primary night-time residence that is a public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings • Are living in cars, parks, public spaces, abandoned buildings, substandard housing, bus or train stations, or similar settings • Are migratory children who qualify as homeless because they are living in circumstances described above
Monthly Point-In-Time Survey North Central Community Action Program, Inc. (NCCAP) provides services to low-income persons to alleviate poverty and encourage self-sufficiency. NCCAP conducts a monthly (Point-in-Time) survey of sheltered homeless persons in the city of Marshfield one day of every month in the year. In the past year, an average of
2
HOUSEHOLDS (average 3 person family)
&
3
SINGLES
were sheltered in any given month. Since the Frederic Ozanam Transitional Shelter started housing families in April of 2014, this number has spiked dramatically. Source: North Central Community Action Program Vital Signs 13
COMMUNITY RESOURCE REFERRAL United Way’s 2-1-1 is a valuable community program that has helped thousands of callers find the resources or referrals they needed in just one phone call. 2-1-1 is a three digit number individuals can dial to receive free and confidential information and referral to community resources. 2-1-1 also directs callers who wish to donate items or volunteer their time. United Way’s 2-1-1 service is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year. In addition to connecting callers to local resources, United Way’s 2-1-1 also tracks caller needs and uses that information to analyze trends, such as identifying gaps in services. 2-1-1 also has an information database online where people can search for resources themselves.
Overall, there has been a decline in the number of calls placed to 2-1-1 over the past three years. United Way attributes this to the complexity of the calls and referrals the agency is making. Most callers are being referred to more than one community resource during the call.
United Way’s 2-1-1 Website Visits 2011 32,400 2012 24,000 2013 30,000
Please note: The number of Marshfield calls is for calls received through United Way’s 2-1-1 phone system only. This number does not include referrals made through the Marshfield Area United Way office by phone or walk-in basis. 14 Vital Signs
Source: United Way’s 2-1-1
SUMMARY According to the Institute of Medicine, in the book, Improving Health in the Community, “the health of a community has a tremendous impact on the function of its social systems and that the condition of the social and economic systems has a significant impact on the health of all who live in a community”. Additionally, “many factors influence health and well-being in a community, and many entities and individuals in the community have a role to play in responding to community health needs”. This Vital Signs (Third Edition) report takes into consideration many of the Institute of Medicine’s proposed community health profile indicators. Over time, building on this information and studying additional indicators can help the community respond to needs by showing if strengths are being maintained, progress is being made, and when new problems are emerging. NOTE ON DATA: Every 10 years a census of the U.S. population is carried out. This is the only time that comprehensive and precise statistics about the population is collected. During the periods between each census, there is still a need to understand the size and characteristics of the population, therefore, estimates are issued by various agencies. Certain source data used in this report are based on such estimates. Estimates are figures developed from calculations using existing data collected from various administrative sources. Their purpose is to provide data that is as close to the real, but unknown figures, as possible. Each set of estimates may follow slightly different methodologies and assumptions that may result in slight variations in the data. Prepared by
Ashley Winch Communications Director Marshfield Area United Way Alyssa Breu Intern Marshfield Area United Way
INDICATOR SUMMARY POPULATION Though population has been on a gradual decline in Wood County the past few years, overall population in Marshfield and Wood County increased by 3.5% and 1% respectively. CONSTRUCTION New residential construction decreased by 80% since 2003
HOUSING VALUE The average sale price of a home in Marshfield decreased 14% since 2007.
FORECLOSURES Marshfield and Wood County foreclosures have decreased by 29% and 34%, respectively since 2010.
UNEMPLOYMENT Wood County unemployment has declined nearly 2% since 2009.
INCOME Median household income in Marshfield has fallen 32% since 2009. Conversely, Wood County median household income has increased 1.5% over the same time period. ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE Public assistance recipients in Marshfield has increased by 36% from 2009-2012. In the same time frame, the number of individuals receiving FoodShare benefits increased by 45%. Vital Signs 15