November 23, 2023

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NOV. 23, 2023 • VOLUME 76 • ISSUE 7 @THEMARTLET t @THEMARTLET

CLIMATE ISSUE 2023

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NEWS

What are earthquakes, and can climate change cause them?

Hear what an expert has to say about these fascinating events HANNAH LINK SENIOR STAFF WRITER Ed Nissen is a professor and Canada Research Chair at the School of Earth and Ocean Sciences at UVic, who specializes in seismology, the study of earthquakes. In an interview with the Martlet, he answered all of our questions about earthquakes, including whether or not they’re connected to climate change.

According to Nissen, an earthquake is “a sudden release of stored elastic strain energy within the Earth caused by the motion of tectonic plates.”

But what does that mean? We had him explain further.

The Earth’s outer shell is made of rigid plates. These plates can move into, under, past or apart from each other, explained Nissen. The stress of these movements causes strain to build up along faults — the lines deep underground where the Earth’s plates meet each other. Most of the time, these faults are locked in place by friction. Sometimes, when the stress becomes too much, the faults slip. This slip is an earthquake.

You might have heard people talking about “The Big One,” a massive earthquake that is set to hit the West Coast of North America.

We asked Dr. Nissen to explain this

idea, and how likely it is to happen.

“The main fault that we think about in British Columbia is actually offshore,” said Nissen. “It’s called the Cascadia Megathrust.” At this fault, also called the Cascadia Subduction Zone, the Pacific seafloor is being pushed underneath the North American plate, he explained.

“Most of the time the fault is locked, and then every few hundred years, it ruptures in this giant earthquake.”

Proper language is important in communicating when an earthquake, like “The Big One,” might happen, said Nissen. He explained that, in seismology, prediction is impossible.

A prediction would mean that the seismologist knows exactly where an earthquake will happen, at which magnitude, and at what time.

Instead, researchers like Nissen focus their time on forecasting the likelihood of an earthquake happening in a given region, rather than predicting individual events.

This is called probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, but can also be referred to as forecasting, he explained.

According to the latest forecasting, there is a one in three chance of a major earthquake caused at the Cascadia Subduction Zone happening

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in the next 50 years. “The Big One is inevitable,” explained Nissen. “It’s not a matter of if, it’s a matter of when.”

And when it does happen, the impact on Victoria will be enormous.

Nissen says the risk is high enough that measures should be taken to reduce casualties. “We should do things like prepare, retrofit schools, retrofit hospitals, [and] make sure building codes are strong.”

While the technology has not yet been implemented in B.C., there is a system to warn us about this earthquake moments before the shaking starts. It’s called earthquake early warning. “[It’s] not predicting, or even forecasting,” said Nissen.

“It's a very rapid detection of an earthquake that has just happened.”

He explained that sensors are placed u n d e r w a t e r, a t t h e C a s c a d i a Subduction Zone, that will alert people on land if they detect movement of the plates.

Nissen said that this system, which is already in place in California, Oregon, and Washington, will be implemented in B.C. in the next three- to- five years. This means that we would have an app on our phone to let us know that an earthquake is about to start, he said.

Climate change has an impact on

nearly all of our lives, and we were curious about how it might affect earthquakes. Dr. Nissen explained that, in most of the world, climate change cannot cause these events.

“Earthquakes are driven by stresses at the scale of the Earth’s crust — so we’re talking depths of 10, 20 kilometers.” he said. “The stresses f ro m w e a t h e r o r c l i m a t e a re negligible.”

One exception is in Antarctica, where rapid loss of ice caused by warming temperatures can trigger the movement of the mantle, the layer below the Earth’s crust. This can cause earthquakes, but it isn’t a major cause for concern, said Nissen.

He’s more worried about what might happen if a climate changerelated weather event took place while an earthquake did. “If an earthquake happened during an atmospheric weather event, I think that would be such a nightmare,” Nissen explained. He said that, when the ground is wet, earthquakes can easily trigger landslides and lead to more catastrophic damage.

Nissen is also concerned about what might happen if an earthquake occured during a heat dome, like the record-breaking one we saw in 2021.

“There would be lots of people probably sleeping outside in very

FRANCES HA

hot temperatures,” he said. Nissen explained that debris would get in the way of first responders, who would be already busy during the emergency, and struggling to manage fires from broken gas lines.

“I think climate change is what I w o r r y a b o u t m u c h m o re t h a n earthquakes,” Nissen said. “It’s putting life on Earth at risk.” Though he doesn't often think about the interplay between climate change and seismology, Nissen said that the two are certainly linked when it comes to the risk of human life. “As climate hazards and bad climate events happen more and more regularly, the chances of a big earthquake happening during one of those events is going to go up.”

Dr. Nissen is an advocate for earthquake preparedness, and even includes an assignment where students have to build an earthquake survival kit in his Natural Hazards course, EOS 170. It’s an elective open to all UVic students where they learn about earthquakes, climate disasters, and more.

Anyone interested in earthquakes can check out UVic’s Earthquakes Group website at https://web.uvic. ca/~enissen/ to learn more about Dr. Nissen and his research team.

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NEWS OPINIONS

Debate about the host of this year’s UN climate conference is taking away from more important conversations Instead, urgent action needs to remain the priority ATHINA MERCKX CONTRIBUTING WRITER This year, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is set to host the Conference of the Parties (COP28) starting Nov. 30 to Dec. 12. COP28 is an annual meeting held by the UN where world leaders discuss climate change policy improvements and innovations, and this year’s host has raised controversy.

Many are asking how one of the world's biggest petroleum exporters can host a climate conference while they are still heavily invested in the fossil fuel sector. The main concern about the UAE hosting this year's COP is the message it sends to the world — that the conference is not being taken seriously. However, others say that the UAE’s investment in fossil fuels actually make them an ideal host for the event as it gives them a unique opportunity to demonstrate change and innovation. The debate has strong arguments for both sides but regardless of the host, the result from the conference needs to be action.

The UAE government recently announced its goal “to achieve net zero by 2050.” While this may be a step in the right direction, the current president will not oversee these decisions for the next 27 years. If our world leaders are going to make

promises and plans for the future the action needs to start now to ensure responsibility is being taken. How helpful are promises when our world is already deteriorating?

“I am very tired of hearing people say that they will do things by 2050,” says UVic climate change professor Andrew Weaver. He believes that active change needs to happen, and it needs to happen now. If history and past COPs have taught us anything, we have not been doing enough, regardless of the promises from our world leaders. While I agree with Weaver, that urgent change must take place, I also worry that debate over the conference’s host is taking priority over more important conversations about these changes.

That’s not all in terms of controversy surrounding the UAE and this COP either. Climate activists are concerned with the potential conflict of interest surrounding this year’s chosen president and the goals of the conference. Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, the COP28 president, is also the president of Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), a state-owned oil company in the United Arab Emirates. The interests of these two entities are challenging to align, to say the least. However, ADNOC has shown measures of investing in

decarbonizing technology, a promising step forward for the oil production industry.

Fossil fuel, the very industry contributing the most to the destruction of our planet, is where change needs to happen. To judge the UAE's hosting abilities before the conference would be a mistake; however, we must understand that action-oriented results need to be the ultimate focus of this year's summit.

Despite the debate surrounding this year’s conference, as a young Canadian, I am hopeful for the possible positive outcomes of COP28, especially considering the host's unique opportunity to support decarbonization. The UAE must prove their want to join the climate change fight through the outcome of this event. If this year's COP results in minimal action, the oil industry, our world leaders, and the conference will have once again failed future generations. Despite the controversy regarding the chosen host, what needs to be fought for and talked about is the action that should result from this year’s COP28.

Second-hand fashion isn’t as sustainable as you think

Thrifting will not put an end to overconsumption ABBY BIDWELL CONTRIBUTING WRITER Many students look to thrift stores to spruce up their wardrobes because their prices are lower than retail stores and they might be aware of the negative impact that fast fashion has on the environment. In 2018, fashion accounted for nearly 20 per cent of global wastewater and 10 per cent of global carbon emissions.

The term thrifting gets thrown around a lot in the online sustainable fashion community, and buying second-hand clothing instead of new is often promoted by influencers and climate activists as a way to reduce our carbon footprint. However, thrifting can still negatively affect the environment as unsold donations are shipped to other countries, and it contributes to the problem of overconsumption in our culture. Learning to sew or joining a local online clothing swap group are actually better for the environment.

I’m not going to lie, I started thrifting because it was “cool” and a fun activity to do with friends. I believed buying second-hand clothing was better for my shopping addiction as it is less expensive, and I thought I wasn’t supporting fast fashion.

Ultimately, thrifting can promote a mindset of overconsumption. It may encourage us to buy clothes whenever we want, even if they are used. We might believe that by getting rid of our old clothes by adding them to a pile of donations it relieves ourselves from guilt, hoping they do some good.

However, only 10 to 30 per cent of clothing donations are actually sold in thrift stores. The remaining used clothing is sold and exported overseas to

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countries such as Pakistan, India, and Chile. At both Value Village and the Salvation Army, approximately five per cent of donations end up in landfills.

Countries that rely on the secondhand market also indirectly rely on the rapid production of new clothing and overconsumption in the west.

Thrift stores are so well-stocked because of the speed at which fashion trends are cycled through. Thrifting does not put an end to the overproduction that sustains the second-hand market.

I used to think I was helping the environment because I was buying second-hand clothes. But I’ve since learned that, rather than spending the same amount of money on used clothes instead of new, we should aim to buy less overall.

According to Value Village’s 2022 Thrift Report, 92 per cent of consumers will spend as much or more on secondhand clothing compared to their current spending. Additionally, 83 per cent of consumers engaged with thrift stores: 56 per cent as donors, 3 per cent as shoppers, and 24 per cent as both. This suggests donations far exceed the goods purchased by consumers.

Buying second-hand clothing does reduce waste as it prolongs the life-span of garments, and it bypasses the production stage. To make just one t-shirt it takes approximately 10 Kilowatthours of energy with an average carbon footprint of 7 kg CO2 equivalent, making thrifting a better alternative to buying new clothing. However, shopping in your own closet first is the best thing to do.

We need to get in the habit of reflecting before making a purchase, asking ourselves if the item is something we need and will actually wear over and

Illustration by Freyja Zazu.

over again. Otherwise, you’ll end up dropping lots of your unwanted clothing at thrift stores, contributing to the cycle.

Thrift stores have proposed what appears to be such a simple solution to a problem that has gotten out of hand.

The practice became popular so quickly, but the conversation and focus really needs to be on the root problem itself.

I think fashion can be a great way to

be creative. But at what cost? Maybe it’s time for a new hobby.

Finding new ways to style, mending or upcycling old clothes, can be creatively fulfilling and allow you to re-wear a garment as many times as possible. Borrowing from friends or family is another great option, just make sure you ask first.

Sure, you won’t get the rush of finding

something for a great price or a hidden gem in the thrift store, but you also won’t face the guilt that comes after.

Remember, the piece of clothing you already own is the most sustainable piece of clothing.

NEWS OPINIONS

As tourism is growing, I’m worried about the health of our parks More visitors mean more danger to wildlife MELODY POWERS SENIOR STAFF WRITER I moved to the Island in 2012 when I was 14. Growing up in a competitive rock climbing household, my family and I basically lived outside. But being from a small town in Ontario, our options for outdoor adventures were limited. In late 2011, my mom and step dad sold our rock climbing gym, packed up our house, and moved to Sooke, B.C. I followed soon after.

The rest of my high school years were spent going on hikes or to beaches almost every weekend. My parents made it a mission to explore what this island has to offer and make up for the years they spent in Ontario.

Throughout our adventures, these parks always seemed so isolated. But now, a decade later, this is no longer the case. Social media has made our parks more popular, but this has me concerned for our wildlife.

This year, BC Ferries carried more than 5.8 million passengers in a threemonth period leading up to June 30, 2023. This was an increase of 7 per cent from the previous year. In their most recent fiscal year, BC Ferries also saw the highest volume of vehicle traffic in 63 years. With 9.4 million vehicles travelling by ferry, the company beat out its 2019 record of 8.9 million.

Though the previous record of 22.3 million total passengers hasn’t yet been surpassed, at this rate, it doesn’t seem far off.

On top of this, tourist spending jumped up to 45 per cent in 2022, reaching $74.4 billion. But this was still less than it was in 2019, when it was around $95 billion.

Recently, Victoria was awarded one of the top three spots in the Condé Nast Traveller magazine Readers Choice Awards. This magazine reaches more than 20 million readers every month and 40 million people on its social media platforms. Victoria was awarded a spot next to San Sebastián in Spain and Singapore, beating out popular European cities like Copenhagen.

Condé Nast says that this city “embraces adventure” and “draws outdoorsy types.” Since the award was released, other popular publications such as Vogue have released their own articles about things to do in our small city.

While the city's tourism is starting to rise, so are the visitations in parks in the Capital Regional District. From January to April of 2021, our regional parks recorded over 2.7 million visits, which was a 20 per cent increase from the previous year. Also in 2020, the parks saw a 13 per cent increase from the previous year, from 7.5 million visits to 8.5 million.

This is not an incident unique to Victoria; other popular parks around Canada have been overcrowded.

In Banff National Park last year, park officials had to turn away around 5 000 vehicles a day, and the park sees around 4 million people annually; in August,

has also been a rise of activities that have a negative impact on the environment. Kukwpi Skalúlmecw First Nations chief, Dean Nelson, tells CBC that the crowds fill the Joffre Lake parking lots and leave litter behind. He also says that this limits members of Lil’wat Nation from spending time on their land. With this both Líl'wat Nation and N'Quatqua First Nation decided to close the park earlier this year, to harvest and gather on their land.

Similarly in Banff, its increase of visitors coincided with a rise in littering, walking off trails, and people getting too close to animals.

In 2020 two wolves in Banff had to be euthanized. One of them was because it got so used to human connection to food that it was unable to fend for itself.

Now that Vogue has written articles about Victoria, and BC Ferries is setting historical records, it doesn’t seem too far off that our Island will be the next travel hotspot. While Photo by Micheal via Hikingisgood.com. there is no evidence to claim that Parks Canada told CBC that they were tourism is affecting the wildlife on the on track for the busiest season on island, if Victoria’s tourism increases, record. To combat the increase of traffic, who’s to say that the overtourism that Parks Canada has blocked off Moraine affects other national parks won't Lake Road to personal vehicles, making happen here? a shuttle bus the only way to get to the The Island is full of amazing, yet park. dangerous wildlife and a beautiful Banff is not the only park to see an ecosystem. These parks are part of influx of visitors. In B.C., Joffre Lake what makes living on the Island so has grown to one of the most popular provincial lakes thanks to social media. rewarding. While I believe people In 2019, Joffre Lake drew around 196 should go and explore what this island 000 visitors, a 222 per cent increase has to offer, it still leaves me concerned from 2010. The park has now introduced for the future of our parks. day passes, which are meant to prevent overcrowding.

With this increase of visitors there

NOV. 23, 2023 // 5

Illustration by Chloe Latour.

The UVic community is grappling with the cultural dimensions of the climate crisis Our changing climate is inspiring UVic students to develop their personal relationships with the land

SENIOR STAFF EDITOR We found a salal shrub (gaultheria shallon), and my excitement withered immediately, like an ill-kept pot plant in a time lapse. I always thought that salal berries tasted like unripe grapes, only earthier, but every time we ran into some, someone thought that force-feeding me these things would change my opinion of them.

It was happening again. My friend bent a long green-and-red branch down into an arch, scooped off the little purple bunches of acid-reflux-inducers, and held them out to me in cupped hands. I sighed, took one, and ate it.

Salal certainly tasted the same as it had all of the other times I’d tried it, but now, perhaps in a display of lofty personal maturation, I liked it. And before I could voice my surprise, I

6 // NOV. 23, 2023

realized that I hadn’t tried salal, let alone seen a salal shrub, in at least a decade. Apparently, salal has been experiencing a dieback across Vancouver Island as a result of the changing climate.

Is that why I like it now? Because there are less of them? Is it, in some perverted way, a matter of exclusivity?

I can’t say for sure. What I can say is that my new appreciation for this bit of nature that’s so representative of the West Coast has been generated by the climate emergency, and I’m not the only person to find a new relationship with the environment in recent years.

The climate crisis is not only compelling people to engage in more political activism and tune into discussions surrounding environmental legislation more often, it’s also obliging people to rethink their value systems that deal with the very ideas of “nature,”

or “the environment,” or “the nonhuman” (take your pick).

This shift in values goes by many names: environmentalism, green ideology, ecopolitics, ecologism, social ecology, land ethics, sustainability…

The list goes on, and each of these movements is different from the rest, sometimes slightly, sometimes enormously. Many of them also have some sort of presence at UVic. Currently, UVic has almost 20 different green clubs.

Last year, I heard another UVic undergraduate student use the term ‘New Romanticism’ to describe his own burgeoning relationship with ecology.

A quick Google search of this term pulled up Taylor Swift and David Bowie.

Unsatisfied, I tracked him down to uncover the meaning and perhaps significance of this new bit of jargon.

Alexander McLauchlan, a third-year

English major, understands New Romanticism as “a return to heavy themes about nature, not on its own, but as a discursive thing.”

We sat down to talk in a dingy Clearihue classroom. Me and him, both in wheely chairs, separated by my voice recorder. Staring at the off-white walls

“

and chalk-marked pillars surrounding us, he says, “Ecological collapse is a discursive thing that affects every other facet of humanity now. That’s what I’m interested in.”

He explains that he was inspired to use this term by his “genuine fondness and belief that nature is some extension

Ecological collapse is a discursive thing that affects every other facet of humanity now. That's what I'm interested in.

-Alexander McLauchlan

“

ROWAN WATTS

e n v i ro n m e n t . B r a d l e y d e f i n e s Romanticism as “a set of artistic and philosophical principles, that in Western culture, came into existence in the later 18th and early 19th century.”

Our interview took place in his office, another room in Clearihue. Books of all shapes and sizes had been heaped on his tables, stuffed into corners, and lined the shelves so completely it looked like they had grown out of the walls like weeds.

“A lot of artists and writers and thinkers at the time were interested in the power of what they saw as the natural world to shape the human imagination,” says Bradley. “And so in a lot of the literature and visual art of the time … we get a celebration of the idea of going out into the natural world to be rejuvenated, renewed, reshaped.”

With this knowledge in mind, Bradley says that the moniker New Romanticism doesn’t mean much to him because,

“

In a lot of literature and visual art of the time... we get a celebration of the idea of going out into the natural world to be rejuvenated, renewed, reshaped.

“

-Dr. Nicholas Bradley

to the wildfires that recently devastated the Okanagan, that Canadians might “create a really forward-thinking, ecologically diverse, and self-sustaining future, and New Romanticism would be a response to these material changes.”

Photo via UVic.

But if no one has heard of New Romanticism before, why might it be an asset in mobilizing awareness of ecological problems?

Because it hopes, at least in part, to take up the smouldering torch left behind by Old Romanticism.

Dr. Nicholas Bradley is an associate professor in the UVic Department of English who specializes in representations of the landscape and

while it has evolved, Old Romanticism is still alive and well.

“I think the Romantic tradition is everywhere with us, from the provincial and national parks’ marketing strategies, to the marketing strategies of outdoor equipment companies, and even the way that social media celebrates the experience of nature,” he says. “This is all deeply rooted in Old Romanticism.”

Because its predecessor is still so p e r v a s i v e , M c L a u c h l a n ’s N e w Romanticism has a lot of cultural shorthand which it might exploit to generate awareness of the cultural dimension of ecological disaster. For example, if the Romantics believed that nature had the power to revitalize someone, as Bradley suggests, New Romanticism might use this belief to communicate to everyday people suffering from burnout or exhaustion that ecological concerns are their concerns too.

McLauchlan advocates for a “return to a methodist society where the method of production is based more on social good than profit,” qualifying this statement with, “but we’re still humans, and not wild animals.”

Some might understand this qualification as drawing a line between humans and animals, culture and nature, which is a tendency that Bradley warns against.

For New Romanticism to truly be new, he says it must “get away from the idea of separation of self and

environment, and a New Romanticism would have to be predicated on ideas of enmeshment and inseparability.”

Enmeshment and inseparability sound like brilliant things to strive for, but implementing them might be difficult for many of us who, for our whole lives, have viewed nature as separate from our day-to-day activities, as the thing that animals live in,or where we only go hiking or camping.

And there’s a lot of difficult history to overcome here.

“Romantic ideologies have been used, especially in North American contexts, for the dispossession of land,” Bradley points out. “The creation of the national park systems in both the U.S. and Canada [are] predicated on the elimination of Indigenous peoples from their territories, such that the ‘wilderness part’ can be created.”

Dr. waaseyaa’sin Christine Sy, an associate professor in the gender studies department, explains in an email with the Martlet how essential it is for settlers to learn from and with the Indigenous peoples of a land by drawing on Anishinaabe philosophy.

Sy’s relationship with the land, water, a n d a i r i s p re d i c a t e d o n t h e understanding that the land and environment are alive with their own life forces; “it is also more-than-human in that humans rely on it for life but it does not need humans for the same.”

Sy explores her relationship with the land day-to-day by “offering [her] Anishinaabe asemaa (tobacco) and words of recognition and respect for the natural world that is also, first and foremost, from the perspective of humanity, lək̓ ʷəŋən and WSÁNEĆ peoples’ homes.”

While Sy advocates for sociopolitical transformation, upon hearing the term New Romanticism for the first time, she says that it evokes “new colonization” though McLauchlan considers this movement to be anticolonial and inspired by Indigenous concerns, specifically Land Back.

In response to Sy’s comments, McLauchlan sighed, and conceded that his whole idea is about finding a new language to describe our current ecological and social situation, so if new words with no history are what we need, we ought to find them quickly.

Sy recommends that settlers remain “in unison with Indigenous peoples, actively advocating for a new political paradigm (or paradigms) that transform the nation-state structure which itself is built from and through settler colonialism and is sustained through this structure.”

“I think there are abundant examples of settlers living well with the natural world — or striving to — and this is not directly restoring life for Indigenous peoples who have been displaced from the very lands settlers are renewing or transforming their relationships with,” she adds.

Sy is adamant that, regarding broad social progress, “if it’s good for the Indigenous peoples of a place, it is good for everyone.”

Comic by Chloe Latour.

All of this discourse suggests that there is a sort of divide between students like McLauchlan, who are trying to understand and develop personal relationships with the land in the context of the overall climate crisis and social issues, and those like Bradley and Sy who have already cultivated such relations. New Romanticism, a phenomenon that seems to be new to UVic, might live a short life if experts see so many issues arising from its name alone.

But McLauchlan, Bradley, and Sy agree on more than they might realize, and the matters on which they do agree are certainly important.

To those who want to learn both about and from the environment but have no concept of how to do so, McLauchlan sums up all he has to say in one piece of advice: “Take an environmental criticism or studies class.”

Bradley takes the curricular side of things one step further, saying that “there needs to be a cross-campus environmental studies requirement, and there needs to be a cross-

campusrequirement that consists of a course on some aspect of environmental culture, whether that’s environmental writing or environmental art.”

“If UVic wanted to be a climate-savvy campus, all students would have to understand that all issues, including climate crisis, are culturally determined, as well as rooted in scientific matters.

The science students need to be taking courses in the humanities. The humanities students need to be taking courses in the sciences.”

Sy explains that education can and must happen beyond the boundaries of the campus: “Learning from Indigenous peoples ethically means being reciprocal and to me, that means working hard to build new political economic structures, systems, and paradigms with Indigenous peoples.”

On the one hand, this agreement between students and faculty suggests that the most exigent way that we can connect ecological and social issues is by putting in the time to learn from a wide range of knowledgeable sources.

On the other hand, this same

“

Learning from Indigenous peoples ethically means being reciprocal and to me, that means working hard to build new political economic structures, systems, and paradigms with Indigenous peoples.

“

and belief that nature is some extension the divine.” Though he does not consider much of this contemporary ecological movement theologically charged, he’s interested in “the reverence we have for what nature can do.”

For McLauchlan, using this new term isn’t about quantifying ecological belief systems or gatekeeping green frameworks of thought from the uninformed — he is, as far as he’s aware, the first person to use New Romanticism in this context. It’s about communicating with people beyond the relatively isolated world of academia.

“There’s a hesitance to want to act on this stuff, even though the average person has genuine concerns about the environment, whether they’re on the right or left.”

McLauchlan is hopeful that, in addition to taking activist and legislative measures to combat the effects of the climate crisis that we’re seeing in B.C., from salal shrub dieback

-Dr. waaseyaa'sin Christine Sy

Illustration by Chloe Latour.

NOV. 23, 2023 // 7

CULTURE

Water Always Wins: A vibrant investigation into water’s autonomy The slow water movement and the art of engaging in conversation FERNANDA SOLORZA CONTRIBUTING WRITER Water Always Wins: Thriving in an Age of Drought and Deluge by awardwinning science journalist Erica Gies is a nonfiction reporting saga that takes the reader around the world to learn about the methods scientists are implementing for water advocacy and conservation. She recently visited UVic and offered a free, public talk about her book. Gies was also a guest speaker in multiple of my writing classes, so I felt inspired to learn from her and picked up her book.

The book is composed of 10

chapters, each one centered on a different part of the world. Gies takes us on her travels, from her hometown in California, to China, Peru, and India, among others, as we learn about the global efforts of water advocates. Gies’ overarching message is that our human compulsion to control water might have worked in the short term, but as humanity continues to grow old, no matter how many dams we build or how many rivers we redirect, water has consciousness and water always wins.

Water Always Wins is a well-written and incredibly engaging work.

Although chemistry and physics jargon

are present in the book, Gies is thorough with her explanations and is successful in grounding readers in the momentum of the work. We learn alongside her, as the book is written using first-person narration. By making herself a character in the narrative, she successfully creates a thread that brings everything together in a cohesive and engaging manner.

Throughout the book, Gies supports the “Slow Water Movement”, taking inspiration from the slow food movement, which was born in Italy back in 1989. In response to the increasing popularity of fast food, the

Photo by sasha_pxy via Unsplash.

movement invited participants to consume locally and prepare food with care and appreciation. The slow water mov e me n t p ro p o s e d b y Gi e s encourages us to work with local geology, ecology, and culture to make space for the natural slow phases of water, such as river flows, natural dams, and underground water flow.

The movement requires humans to r e s p e c t w a t e r ’s a g e n c y a n d relationships. Gies writes that water has a deep relationship not only with animals, but with the soil, the land, and all microorganisms. She suggests that water should be promoted by environmentally conscious initiatives and that water should be distributed among everyone rather than being centralized and enjoyed by very few.

Embracing a gradual shift towards water-centric urban planning would necessitate a reevaluation of existing constructions and city development.

It is noteworthy that, historically, no metropolis has been designed with a primary focus on water management.

But Gies says that when water is respected, it gives back.

One of the weaknesses I perceived in this book is the overall repetition and, at some points, redundancy of the topics. For instance, I found the repetition throughout the book of the phrase “water always wins” a bit cheesy. Although it was at moments charming and reassuring, the book was unnecessarily lengthened by clichés like this.

Nevertheless, the author is poignant with her articulation of how capitalism has been the root of many significant environmental problems, in particular

re g a rd i n g w a t e r c o n t ro l a n d distribution. In many ways, this book is an exploration of the hurt and superiority stemming from the relationship between water and capital.

Erica explores who has historically controlled water, and how that control always means taking from something else. Aquatic ownership and restoration are complex; the author beautifully captures this nuance.

Overall, Water Always Wins is an informative piece of literary journalism worthy of readership. It is an omen of hope for the future of our civilization, as we learn to allow integrity and autonomy to our water. Erica Gies emphasizes that solutions require the reflection of the unique circumstances of the land that water decides to run through. These solutions need local and traditional knowledge. Acquiring the requisite knowledge can be as difficult as traveling to many places, interviewing people, and being a science journalist for 15 years, or it can be as easy as enjoying a thrilling and informative book. Water Always Wins empowered me to learn more about the slow water movement, and the wonders we can do to save our planet.

Five songs inspired by nature

A playlist for nature walks, reading the Martlet, or anytime you want to feel like nature is singing to you

“SOMBAKE” BY DIGAWOLF

JULIEN JOHNSTON-BREW VOLUNTEER STAFF EDITOR

Digawolf grew up in Behchoko, the capital of the Tłı̨ chǫ Nation, an hour from Yellowknife. Ini is the first album in more than a decade to be entirely recorded in the Tłı̨ chǫ (Dogrib) language and took two years to produce. Diga explores the history of the Canadian Northwest, and though no lyrics are provided, “Sombake” (also spelled “Sombe K’e”) translates to “Yellowknife.” In an agreement with the Canadian government, the Dogrib Nation are supported in environmental stewardship of Dogrib lands. Diga’s music highlights the Tłı̨ chǫ language, and builds towards the regrowth of a culture that works to protect and nurture the land.

What better way to read the Climate Issue than with a hand-crafted playlist in the background? These artists turn the natural world and its many treasures into swelling tunes.

Without further ado, here’s a naturethemed playlist of five songs worth listening to.

“THE LAST OF THE HONEY BEES” BY SAM BURCHFIELD Sam Burchfield grew up around the Blue Ridge mountains to the sound of Appalachian music. “The Last of the Honey Bees” harkens back to this childhood in the woods: Autumn leaves, hand-made forts, backyard-dug holes. Though not everyone holds these memories, Burchfield evokes a story of wild abandon to the tune of guitars and simple percussion.

This song summarizes that sense of adventure in the natural world: “I wanna be there.”

“NEW RIVER” BY THE OH HELLOS

“IN A WEEK” BY HOZIER FT. KAREN COWLEY Andrew Hozier-Byrne and Karen Cowley (aka Krea) are Irish musicians from the coastal town of Bray.

Hozier consistently creates music with the natural world as a common throughline, but often as a comparison to relationships. “In a Week” is a tribute to how the world reclaims our mortal bodies, from insects to buzzards. Hozier’s and Cowley’s voices layer beautifully as they remind us of our place in the ever-spinning circle of life.

8 // NOV. 23, 2023

Illustration by Athena Rafael.

“NIGHTJAR” BY COSMO SHELDRAKE Cosmo Sheldrake is a London-based musician who writes, composes, and produces music steeped in nature. Sheldrake’s work highlights how music isn’t just man-made; the

natural world is filled with all sorts of melodies, from water to warbles.

Birds are the most prolific musicians, since their means of communication is built upon intricate tunes.

Sheldrake’s album Wake Up Calls, which “Nightjar” comes from, is entirely composed with endangered

birdsong samples. Sheldrake’s work reminds us that music is everywhere if we stop and listen.

Texan siblings Maggie and Tyler Heath began The Oh Hellos, which later expanded to include an ensemble of musician friends.

The Oh Hellos’ songs are stories wrapped around strings, percussion, and vocals. “New River” comes from Notos, an album named for one of the Greco-Roman wind gods. The song calls attention to the inherence of change in the natural world and the unstoppability of natural phenomena like erosion and storms.

Though I could only fit five songs, I would add more from all of these artists if I had the space. Look through the discography of everyone mentioned here — I promise something will make you feel like nature is singing directly to you.

CULTURE

The best nature-themed board games Enter the cardboard forest ATUM BECKETT SENIOR STAFF WRITER As the seasons change and daylight fades away, it can be hard to find time to appreciate all the natural beauty around us. Luckily there’s a way to enjoy some nature without having to brave the cold weather: cozying up with a few friends and a board game.

Gather around the kitchen table, take a break from doom scrolling, and get ready to learn some rules. Even if you don’t have anyone to play with, most of these games come with impressive solo modes. Here are a few of the best nature themed board games.

CASCADIA 1–4 players, 30–45 minutes, 2/5 complexity Cascadia is an easy to learn tile-laying game that has you trying to create the most harmonious ecosystem. Each turn is simple, you draft a new habitat tile and animal token that you must add to your existing area.

Each of the five types of animals score differently, so fitting them all together while also trying to create the largest of each habitat type is a tricky task. If you want to up the complexity, there are different variations for each animal. While Cascadia is a relaxing puzzle to figure out, it will have you coming back to play again and again for your next high score.

WINGSPAN 1–5 players, 45–70 minutes, 2.5/5 complexity Wingspan has become the go-to game for getting players to try something a little more complicated than Catan, and for good reason. Each of the cards are illustrated with beautiful birds, and even come with fun facts so you can learn about our local avian friends.

In Wingspan, you’ll be collecting food, laying eggs, and playing new birds. You start with an empty board, but it will quickly fill up with powerful abilities from the birds you play. With tons of expansions featuring international birds, you’ll never run out of new variations. While this game does go up to five players, I would say that with any more than three, it takes a little too long to play.

If you’re still not convinced to try it out, just know that it comes with a birdfeeder for rolling dice.

EVERDELL 1–4 players, 40–80 minutes, 3/5 complexity Have you ever wanted to be an anthropomorphic woodland creature living in a quaint animal town? Who am I kidding, we all have. Everdell has some of the cutest critters and artwork available and comes with a 3D model tree that will wow anyone who plays it with you.

This is a worker placement game that will have you collecting resources and building your town as you prepare for the changing seasons. Every component

Photo by Daniel Richardsonvia BGG.

of this game is top-notch, with squishy berry pieces that will have you struggling not to eat them, and a vast array of adorable player tokens. Dibs on the squirrels!

ROOT 2–4 players, 60–90 minutes, 4/5 complexity Perhaps the aesthetic of Everdell is right up your alley, but you want something where you can be a little meaner to your friends. That’s where Root comes in. Underneath its cute exterior, Root is a brutal asymmetric war game. Each faction to choose from completely changes how the

game is played.

While Root lets you play out all your Redwall fantasies of epic woodland battles, be warned that this isn’t a game for players new to the hobby. If you have trouble learning the rules to one game, imagine trying to learn a completely new ruleset for each faction.

SPIRIT ISLAND

onslaught of invaders. Each spirit plays very differently, and lets you choose just how complicated you want the game to be.

Spirit Island can be pretty tricky to get the hang of, but once you do, you’ll feel like a genius. There is enough content in the base box to keep you entertained for ages. This is a cooperative game, so you will be winning or losing together as a group.

1–4 players, 90–120 minutes, 3.5–4.5/5 complexity Instead of colonizing an island like in Catan, Spirit Island flips the script and has you playing as Indigenous spirits protecting their island from an

LIFESTYLE & SPORTS

Taste test: I tried a variety of honey from all around the region autonomy

“If we save the bees, we’re actually saving ourselves,” says local beekeeper HANNAH LINK SENIOR STAFF WRITER I’m a big food lover and an even bigger fan of all things sweet. For this year’s Climate Issue, I decided to taste test some local honey. I ended up learning a lot about the relationship between local production and climate change, my tolerance for sugar, and the wonderful variety of honeys in our region.

First, I tried honey from Queen Bee Farms & Apiary. This honey is golden and bright, with a classic, smooth consistency. It has a distinctly sweet and flowery taste that is hard to identify any further. There are also many layers of flavour that give this honey a w e l l - ro u n d e d f e e l i n g , w h i c h I

love.

If I were to assign this honey a specific purpose, it would be to sweeten oatmeal. Its floral flavour makes Queen Bee Farms’ honey the perfect addition to a breakfast of oats. This honey would be the ideal garnish and pair nicely alongside fruits or alone with milk.

Next, I tried the blackberry flower honey from Red Queen Apiaries. This honey is much lighter than Queen Bee’s, and also runnier. It is the sweetest of t h e t h re e t h a t I t r i e d , w i t h a distinctly fruity flavour. It’s difficult to say whether I imagined this because I knew the name of the honey, but it does have a very subtle berry flavour.

This honey would sit perfectly

on top of a pancake or waffle because of its light and smooth consistency. I’d be delighted to try it with whipped cream on a blueberry pancake, even perhaps mixed into the batter if I had some to spare.

Lastly, I sampled Babe’s Honey Farm’s wildflower honey. This one is thick and, while smooth, has the most noticeable texture. It has a golden colour nearly identical to Queen Bee Farms and is very slightly cloudy. Babe’s honey has a distinct flavour that I can only describe as “farm-y,” but certainly not in a bad way; sort of like if the honey was collected near a bale of hay or a cheerful goat.

I can easily picture this honey

Photo by Lisa Mellett.

Photo by Lisa Mellett.

on a thick slice of toast with butter. It would shine in a simple, classic honey scenario because of its intensely natural, agricultural flavour. I can only imagine how delicious it would be when the honey melted and mixed with the warm butter.

After all of this sampling, I was curious about honey and the work that goes into its production.

Luckily, I had the opportunity to speak with Lisa Mellett, the owner and operator of Queen Bee Farms.

Mellett has been beekeeping for nearly ten years, ever since her son started keeping bees as a part of his environmental studies courses at UVic. She has a variety of pollinator-friendly plants on her farm, located off the Malahat, where she produces teas, beeswax products, and much more.

Climate change has had a

negative impact on local honey production, said Mellett. “We’ve experienced a lot of drought in the summer,” she said. “Because the weather is getting drier and hotter sooner, a lot of [plants] will flower quicker and have a shorter bloom time.” This makes the pollen and nectar collection period shorter for the bees, who have to work harder to produce their honey.

Bees also need access to clean water, explained Mellett. “A lot of people don’t realize [that] bees need water as much as they need p o l l e n a n d n e c t a r, ” s h e s a i d .

Drought can affect their ability to operate.

Mellett encourages people to buy local honey, which supports the important work that beekeepers do to protect pollinators while grappling with the effects of climate change.

NOV. 23, 2023 // 9

LIFESTYLE & SPORTS

How to build muscle without eating meat Time to ditch the chicken and rice ATUM BECKETT SENIOR STAFF WRITER What’s the first thing that comes to mind when you think of bodybuilding?

Chances are it’s a roided-out dude eating copious amounts of unseasoned chicken and rice. Though rice is always a must, the chicken isn’t. There’s a common rhetoric that eating meat is the only way to get jacked, but that is completely untrue.

I’m not here to piss you off and tell you stop eating meat altogether. Diet is largely impacted by economic

privilege, and with the current cost of living, it is insensitive to shame someone else for eating what they’re able to. With that said, it is impossible to deny the negative impact of the meat industry on the environment. The majority of the deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is for cattle ranching.

If you want to put on some muscle mass without eating animal flesh, then you’re in luck. It’s not exactly easy, but it’s definitely simple. It comes down to three things: eating enough protein, lifting weights, and letting your body rest.

PROTEIN “Where do you get your protein?” It’s a classic question asked of vegans and vegetarians. Protein intake is one of the most important factors in building muscle. There is an endless amount of research and information available on how much protein is optimal, so I’ll let you do your own investigating and come to your own conclusions. Either way, it’s crucial to intake enough for your body size.

There are many plant-based foods that are not only high in protein, but

also taste great. The staples that I’ve relied on are tofu, seitan, and chickpeas.

Tofu gets a bad rap, but that’s from people having no idea how to cook it properly. Once mastered, tofu is one of the most versatile ingredients out there.

Seitan is dough that has been washed so that only the gluten — which is protein — remains. Chickpeas are an unsung hero, composing tons of delicious dishes from falafel to hummus.

If you’re vegetarian (not vegan), eggs and Greek yogurt are also great options to fall back on.

Nowadays you can get vegan versions of pretty much any meat or animal product. These can be great if you’re trying to wean yourself off the stuff, but keep in mind that most of these are ultra-processed foods. Why eat a Beyond Burger, which has nearly 30 ingredients, when there are so many delicious plant-based whole foods available?

EXERCISE

Illustration by Chloe Latour.

Now that you’re eating enough protein, it’s time to turn it into muscle with some weightlifting. UVic has the free McKinnon gym available, but a membership to the better-equipped CARSA might be worth the investment if you’re serious about making some gains.

It can be intimidating stepping into a gym for the first time, but just remember that everyone was a beginner at some point. Humans are not one size fits all, so it’s important to find exercises that fit you and your goals specifically. It took me nearly two years of trial and error before finding a regime that I was fully happy with.

We luckily live in a time where there is

unlimited advice available online for free that can help you find something that works for you.

At the end of the day, the best exercise is the one that you’ll actually do. Working out shouldn’t feel like a punishment, but rather a privilege.

Having the opportunity to keep your body healthy and strong is invaluable.

REST I lied, there’s actually one more key element: letting yourself recover. Very few people need to be in the gym working out six to seven times per week. Letting your body rest after exercise is where the progress really happens. It can be hard to do during the busy school year, but getting a full night’s sleep is also key.

It can be easy to get into the mindset that gaining muscle is the only thing that matters when you get into the gym, but that’s far from the truth.

Flexibility and cardiovascular health are just as important for health and longevity. Do some stretching and go for a walk, your body will thank you.

So get out there, cook some delicious plant-based food, and move your body.

Most importantly, don’t let exercise or diet culture make you feel like you’re not good enough in any way; be proud of who you are no matter what. Make sure that you’re working out for the right reasons.

A camping revelation: Why you should spend time in nature

Drop everything and go camping before the semester is over ASHLEY CIAMBRELLI CONTRIBUTING WRITER In October, I went on my first spontaneous mid-semester camping escapade. During those two nights on Salt Spring Island, my perspective on what is and isn’t important in life completely changed.

It’s easy to get caught up in the routine of being in school, and with classes well underway, it feels like there’s no time for anything else. With work, chores, social commitments, and the never-ending stream of looming deadlines, it’s tempting to stay cozy at home, glued to a screen all weekend.

We’ve all heard that going for a walk outside will make us feel better, but what if we took that to the next level and really put ourselves in nature’s embrace?

WHY IS SPENDING TIME INDOORS BAD? Canadians spend as much as 90 per cent of their time indoors, often sedentary and engaging in screenbound activities. Elevated screen time can be associated with heightened anxiety and depression symptoms, poor sleep quality, and cardiovascular issues. As such, the more time we spend outdoors and away from our screens, the more control we may have over our physical and mental well-being.

HOW DOES NATURE HELP US? During my camping trip, I discovered that nature serves as a temporary antidote for the stress that plagues my

life as a university student. Spending time away from screens and in nature reminded me that life is so much more than a perfect test score. Our lives are really about meaningful experiences and connecting with the people and landscapes around us.

Southern Vancouver Island is part of British Columbia’s temperate rainforest, which makes up 25 per cent of the world’s temperate rainforest.

This provides a striking backdrop of lush vegetation to help us reorient ourselves to what is really important to us while also boosting our mood, health, and well-being.

The significance of nature isn’t lost on Canadians. A series of online interviews from 2011 states 87 per cent of Canadians feel happier when they spend more time in nature. In the same study, 37 per cent said that camping is the way they like to experience nature.

As I see it, camping makes you commit to longer periods of time outdoors, giving your body more opportunities to relax and get some fresh air — and free your spirit.

WHAT ARE THE BARRIERS? For many students, a weekend spent camping clashes with the relentless workload of classes.

Studying for long periods of time is uninspiring and dreary, by getting out into nature you give yourself the opportunity to stimulate your mind, or maybe even gain a fresh perspective.

A camping trip forces you to disconnect from your devices and homework, creating tangible distance between your personal life and schoolwork.

The weather, known for being

particularly cold and damp this time of year, further encourages us to stay indoors. As long as you go with a good pair of boots that are water resistant and a rain jacket, you’ll be protected from the weather and can listen to the soothing sounds of the rain falling.

While camping may not be accessible to everyone, I encourage you to explore your options and do it in a way that makes sense for you. Whether this means going for one night instead of two, choosing a closer location (to reduce travel time), or even asking for an extension on an assignment, there are options to make this trip feasible.

If you have extra room, consider packing a soft blanket, extra snacks, and a book you’ve been meaning to read to make the trip even more enjoyable.

WHAT DID I LEARN? My trip was, as predicted, wet and cold.

I read books, coloured, almost made a fire, went on numerous meandering walks, and did a polar plunge. It felt good to put technology away (besides my trusty Nikon camera) and truly be present in the moment.

Still, the most important thing I learned during my getaway was that you really don’t need a lot in life to be happy. Stripping away all the literal and metaphorical clutter in my life helped me figure out who and what I really needed to prioritize in my life.

The time I spend watching teen dramas and scrolling through apps that waste my time are meaningless in comparison to the time I spend with friends. We only have a short time to exist in our university bubble before graduating and inevitably moving away.

Photo by Ashley Ciambrelli.

I’m here not to rot away in front of a screen, but to make memories with the people that make my time here worth it while enjoying the natural landscape of my home province.

NOV. 23, 2023 // 11

FUN STUFF

Environ-Mental

SEE THIS ISSUE'S CROSSWORD ANSWERS MARTLET.CA/CROSSWORD

ATUM BECKETT CROSSWORD WIZARD ACROSS

DOWN

1. Music genre 4. We could lose 90 per cent of it in the next century 11. Where Toys 'R' Us is moving 13. The alphabet 14. PEI resident 15. With 39 across. Music producer who makes 1 across 16. Definite article 19. Text slang for where you live 21. She has Boots but wears shoes 25. Winemaking region 26. Leader of the highest polluting country 27. Recent Polish movie about a donkey 29. Letter add-on 30. Home of the world's smallest desert 33. Protest acronym said wrong 35. Fighting climate change isn't one.

Climate change affects one 39. What 8 years of school can get you 40. Piece of change 41. To declare positively 42. Comes before after 44. Fastfood chain that offers Beyond Meat burgers 46. Opposite of NWN 47. With 32 down. Star Wars character 48. Patch protectors 53. What benchpress exercises 54. Home of Yellowstone 55. NYC congresswoman abbr.

61. Domesticated animal 62. Annual rate of growth an investment is expected to generate abbr.

63. Rockstar cowboy game abbr.

64. __ __ __ O 65. Without further __ 66. How compost smells 67. "Just keep swimming" voice actor 69. There's usually a long wait for it 70. Aritzia clothing brand 71. Vase-shaped pitchers 73. What you can do to your hair 74. Garden of ____ 75. Not off

1. Paul 2. What a baker might say about their job 3. Winged dinosaur prefix 5. Sun God 6. Popular tile-laying board game 7. How Gordon Ramsay says "raw" 8. Neverending Story author 9. What you do to a car in reverse 10. Relating to fairies 12. To the __ degree 17. Pronoun 18. Gas company 20. Howard or Perlman 22. Type of highschool class abbr.

23. Highest polluting celebrity 24. Beer size 28. Australian slang for someone aggressive 31. Nickname for Ucluelet 32. What a brother is to a sister 33. Equal to about 8 cents CAD 34. What a minimalist might have in their house 36. Hole in one 37. Sound of a laugh 38. The opposite of a deciduous tree 43. "We won!"

44. Half of a large price to pay 45. Made strange 47. Giant flying bison 49. Ancient Greek city near modernday Libya 50. The body's largest artery 51. Nail polish company 52. Not all 56. Camera brand 68. Adobe software for photo editing abbr.

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Principles. We We strive strive to to act act as as an an agent agent of of constructive constructive social social change change and and will will not not publish publish racist, racist, sexist, sexist, homophobic homophobic or or otherwise otherwise oppressive oppressive copy. copy.

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Ashlee Ashlee Levy Levy edit@martlet.ca edit@martlet.ca OPERATIONS OPERATIONS MANAGER MANAGER Anna Anna Alva Alva business@martlet.ca business@martlet.ca DESIGN DESIGN DIRECTOR DIRECTOR Sie Douglas-Fish Chloe Latour design@martlet.ca design@martlet.ca

ISSUE ISSUE27

DESIGN ASSISTANT STAFF WRITERS SageSENIOR Blackwell Kristen de Jager, Sydney Lobe SENIOR STAFF WRITERS VOLUNTEER STAFF WRITER Atum Beckett, Hannah Link, Brianna Bock Sydney Lobe, Melody Powers SENIOR STAFF VOLUNTEER STAFFEDITOR WRITER Yo'ad Eilon-Heiber Brianna Bock

SENIOR STAFF EDITOR ChristianVOLUNTEER Romanowski,STAFF RowanEDITORS Watts Julien Johnston-Brew, Hannah Seaton VOLUNTEER STAFF EDITORS CONTRIBUTORS Julien Johnston-Brew, Hannah Seaton Cooper Anderson, Sage Blackwell, Kiera Clark, Mary MacLeod, Aidan Nelson-Sandmark, CONTRIBUTORS Roberts, Paul Voll Sam Capps, Cooper Sarah Anderson, Abby Bidwell, Ashley Ciambrelli, Abby Koot, Rachael Mackay, Hadly MacPherson, Athina Merckx, Alisa Navarro, Seth Nieman, Athena Rafael, Charlie Shinner, Fernanda Solorza, Freyja Zazu

Our paper is written and published on the unceded lands of the Lekwungen peoples, and the Songhees, Esquimalt and WSÁNEĆ peoples whose historical relationships with the land continue to this day.

12 // MAY 25, 2023

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