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AUGUST 2012
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EDITOR’S NOTE
MEMedia Publishing FZ LLC IMPZ PO Box 485005, Dubai, UAE Telephone: +971 4 4470927 Fax: +971 4 4470928 Managing Partner Ziad Maarouf Copy Editor John Hampton Sales Manager Boushra Dinnawi Art Director Andy Mondaya
John Hampton
A
A Green spectacle round this time last year we published the feature “Turning wasteland into a Green Olympic Park” (Landscape July 2011), which took us through the development of the London 2012 Olympic Park. Last month saw the same park being inaugurated as the host of the 30th Olympiad in a spectacular show viewed by millions around the world. Director Danny Boyle has been tipped for a knighthood after his marvelous opening ceremony, which saw all four corners of the UK being represented through a series of Green landscapes. The direct connection between the Olympics and sustainability — energy, water and climate issues have resulted in the 2012 London Games being the greenest Olympics ever according to organizers. The park and its surroundings is living proof of a healthy new trend to design and campaign for sustainable practices.
Contributors G. Allison Hedges Fiona Law Elif Bonelli Rochelle Greayer Mario Pisani Jimena Martignoni Eman Kamel Printed by Al Nisr Publishing LLC Webmaster www.pdinventive.com Landscape is distributed free of charge in KSA, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Jordan, Eqypt, and Lebanon by Emirates Post UAE
The Olympic Stadium stands upon what was once some of the most degraded ground in Great Britain. Rivers that used to be some of the nation’s most polluted flow through the Olympic grounds. The building itself stands as an exciting exemplar of the old green maxim, “reduce, recycle, reuse” in the way its steel structure makes it the lightest stadium of its kind ever built. It uses about 1/10 of the steel that Beijing’s Bird Nest employed, including a tubular roof partly constructed of leftover gas pipelines. Let’s hope that Rio and other future hosts can maintain and improve upon these best practices for sustainability and incorporate a Green element into all designs.
John Hampton middle east
aUGUst 2012
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Contents August 2012- Issue 62
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08 16 22 30
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The Golden Ratio
Solberg Tower & Recreational Area
Private garden in Buenos Aires
A Fragmented Orchard
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Time Proven Patented Reversing Mechanism– Assures continuous reverse and return…over a 20 year history. Ratcheting Riser–Allows for easy adjustment of your left starting position with a simple turn of the riser. Rubber Cover–Seals out dirt and increases product durability. Wide Selection of Nozzles–Including standard and low angle, provides flexibility in system design. Optional Check Valve–Prevents low head drainage. Five Year Limited Warranty.
A Complete of Quality Products for the Irrigation Professional A Complete RangeRange of Quality Products for the Irrigation Professional
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News & Events
DM participates in Ramsar member nations’ meeting The Environment Department of Dubai Municipality participated in the 11th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP11), which held in Bucharest, Romania from 6 – 13 July 2012.
R
amsar Contracting Parties or member states gathered to assess the progress of the Convention and the sustainable use of wetlands to date, share knowledge and experience on technical issues, and plan their own and the Secretariat’s work for the next triennium.
The slogan for the conference is “Wetlands: home and destination”, following the Standing Committee’s decision to focus the COP on wetlands, tourism and recreation.
It is noteworthy that the Ras Al Khor Wildlife Sanctuary in the Emirate of Dubai has joined the network of global wetlands with accession of the UAE to the Ramsar Convention in 2007 as the first global site in the convention.
Apart from the official delegations, eligibility to participate in the COP as observers was extended to delegations from the governments of non-Party states and to representatives of intergovernmental organizations, of recognized non-governmental organizations that are working in the field of wetland conservation and sustainable use, and of government agencies that are not part of their country’s official delegation.
During the next Eurobrico and Iberflora event
The green sector and the diy world combine at Feria Valencia from 3rd to 5th October
O
n 3rd, 4th and 5th October, Feria Valencia shall open its doors to hold the 41st edition of Iberflora (International Fair for Plants and Flowers, Technology and Garden DIY) and the 7th edition of Eurobrico, the International DIY Fair. These two trade fairs have joined forces in the past to share synergies, and this year they form part of the trade fair calendar for the purpose of developing at Feria Valencia in parallel in even years (Eurobrico is biennial, although its offer is completed in odd years with the Eurobrico Meeting Point, a B2B encounter among manufacturers and distributors in the DIY and ironmongery sector). Thanks to the collaboration between these two trade fairs, the Garden Hall comes about in 2012, an initiative whose purpose this year is to provide value to the Garden DIY segment activity, which is gaining an increasing number of followers in Spain and which has a specific weight within both the Iberflora and the Eurobrico offers. Outdoors entertainment Two mottoes make up the proposals of both
trade fairs for the forthcoming event: Iberflora’s Green Vitamin and Eurobrico’s Home & Garden Improvement. Two concepts with which, on the one hand, Iberflora wishes to inject energy into both manufacturers and buyers of the green sector in order to stress the importance of green entertainment and contact with plants, flowers and nature as opposed to the grey landscape of cities. On the other hand, Eurobrico proposes a philosophy of life in which homing, that is remaining at home, becomes an entertainment trend, and a new behaviour for users of DIY products who demand solutions that adapt to a broader vision of fitting out, reforming and decorating our home. With this joint Eurobrico and Iberflora event, the offer of both these trade fairs will respond to the new reality; this increasingly includes DIY references in nurseries, gardening centres and shops selling agricultural products and, conversely, the inclusion of garden plants, pots or accessories as part of large DIY distribution centres. Another link between both trade fairs is
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Eurobrico and Iberflora’s announcement power. Every year, this DIY event brings together more than 90% of the agents which intervene in the Do-It-Yourself industry, and the attendance of distribution leaders, AKÍ, ATB, Bricogroup, Bricoking, Bricor, Bricorama or Leroy Merlin, has been confirmed. Moreover in 2012, the event has made much effort to attract new distribution channels, such as gardening centers, decoration chains, construction warehouses or industrial supplies. Iberflora, a leading ornamental plant trade fair in Europe, opens to the public in 2012 with new proposals to recover the garden, petcare or cut flower sectors. The ultimate purpose is to attract all the demand of the green sector with its ample offer: gardening centers, nurseries, shops selling pet food and accessories, shops selling agricultural products, gardeners, local shops, flower-growers and suppliers, etc. Likewise, their internationalization processes have become a priority objective for the Organizing Committees of both trade fairs, especially with today’s scenario marked by internal market weakness and the need to open out to foreign markets. Through Edra (the European DIY Distributors Association), Eurobrico has taken actions to attract the visit of the main European distributors. Meanwhile, Iberflora has organized commercial missions from 13 countries after selecting large accounts from each market and by organizing an agenda of interviews between buyers and exhibitors.
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News & Events
T
he overall GCC interior contracting and fit-out market will increase by 87 per cent in value this year, the highest increase since 2008, from US$5.04bn in 2011 to US$9.4bn, according to new research by Ventures ME commissioned by dmg :: events, the organising team behind the INDEX International Design Exhibition, the Middle East and North Africa’s largest and longest established Interiors and Design Exhibition. The 22nd annual edition of INDEX will run from Monday 24th September 2012 till Thursday 27th September at the Dubai World Trade Centre, Dubai, UAE. Data released today show that the United Arab Emirates remains the GCC’s largest interiors market, with forecast spend in interior contracting and fit-out across residential, commercial, hospitality and retail segments totalling US$3.73bn for 2012, up 62 per cent on 2011 figures. Despite this strong growth, the UAE’s dominance is now being challenged, with Saudi Arabia’s interiors and fit-out sector growing twice as quickly over the year and more than doubling in value; up 125%, from US$1.55bn to US$3.48bn, and buoyed by significant government investment in housing, healthcare, education and other infrastructure projects. The interiors sector in Qatar and Oman also records significant growth for the year, up 91 per cent to US$1.15bn and 125 per cent to US$0.27bn in 2012 respectively; but it is Kuwait which records the highest GCC market growth, from US$0.19bn in 2011 to US$0.65bn in 2012 – a rise of 242 per cent. This is spurred largely by the retail segment, as Phase III of the Avenues mall nears completion, and sees Kuwait clock the highest retail fit-out spend in the GCC for 2012. Bahrain was the only GCC market not to record any growth, remaining flat at a forecast value of US$0.28bn. Fit out and interiors spend across all segments in 2012 – residential, commercial, hospitality and retail – show significant growth from 2011 figures. The GCC’s residential segment still accounts for the largest spend on interiors, set to increase in value from US$2.5bn in 2011 to US$3.7bn in 2012 (up 48 per cent), and accounting for 39 per cent of the overall GCC interior contracting and fit-out market. “The report is great news for all of us working in interiors and fit out,” said Naomi Barton, INDEX Event Director. “The sector in the GCC is now at its highest value since 2008, all segments are seeing marked growth, and all markets are performing well – and many of them exceptionally well. The opportunities for business and employment generation are exceptional and pretty much unrivalled anywhere else on the globe. Given the huge regional market growth and potential, INDEX International Design Exhibition 2012
GCC Interior Contracting and Fitout Market grows 87% in 2012;
Sector Value highest since 2008 at US$9.4bn • UAE remains GCC’s market leader in interior contracting and fit-out market for both residential and commercial sectors at US$3.73bn - but KSA catching up fast withyear-on-year growth of 125% forecast, up from US$1.55bn in 2011 to US$3.48bn in 2012 • Interior contracting and fit-out across residential, hospitality, commercial and retail sectors all show significant growth in 2012; retail spend more than trebles as more mall space comes online • Kuwait clocks highest annual market growth – up 165% on 2011 figures, led by retail sector; Oman’s interior contracting and fit-out market also up 125% year-onyear, Qatar up 91% while Bahrain remains static • To meet market demands, INDEX International Design Exhibition showcasing world leading interiors and design confirmed for September 24-27 at Dubai World Trade Centre responds to the keen demand we’re seeing from the interiors and construction industries for access to the latest designs and trends from renowned interior designers and manufacturers from across the world.” The Gulf’s burgeoning hospitality segment, recording a whopping 170 per cent growth from US$0.63bn in 2011 to US$1.7bn in 2012, now puts it in second place, and on par with the commercial segment, which doubled in value from US$0.85bn to US$1.7bn over the year. The completion of mall space not just in Kuwait but across the GCC provides the biggest segment boost – with value increasing more than threefold, up 219 per cent from US$0.22bn to US$0.7bn.
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Spend on additional projects, including social and business infrastructure projects like airports, hospitals and schools, remains relatively flat in comparison with other segments but still shows a marked uptick of 18 per cent, valued at US$1.6bn in 2012, from US$1.35bn in 2011. INDEX 2012, themed “Where Inspiration Thrives,” will cover 34,000 sqm gross space of the Dubai World Trade Centre exhibition centre, occupying halls from 1 to 8 and Zabeel Hall. Over 900 exhibitors from 45 countries – including Brazil, Canada, Greece, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, Spain, UK – have booked a floor space to showcase their products. INDEX 2012 will replicate the successful and easy-to-walk-around product specific show structure that was introduced for last year’s edition; plus five completely new sectors – Inspire, Surface & Finishes, Couture, Fixture & Fittings and Furniture – have been added to the six already existing - Furnishings, Kitchen & Bathroom, Lighting, Outdoor Living, InRetail and Textiles - giving commercial visitors an even more comprehensive and extensive offer. INDEX is proud to announce the support of RAME Designer Solutions ME, the exclusive distributor of multinational brands of furnishing fabrics, leathers, lighting, curtain hardware and wall coverings to the interior design market, as INDEX Silver Sponsor. During the four days of the exhibition, INDEX will also host a number of events and features, providing the design community with incredible networking and educational opportunities. The calendar of events includes: Design Talks: Free to attend seminars where interiors designers and architects will share their knowledge and experience across four main topics: Trends, Innovation, Sustainability and Business. The 4th Annual Contemporary Majlis Design Competition: INDEX 2012 will feature six shortlisted Majilis designs, selected among 45 projects submitted this year. This edition will see two winners, one selected by the jury of professionals and one by the visitors. Les Collections Exclusives: A daily fashion show featuring couture collections realised by award winning Emirati designers DAS collection, the official creative partner and using some of the most exclusive interiors textile brands. The feature is sponsored by Beacon Hill, Bruno Triplet, Houlès Paris. The Artist Avenue: A dedicated section of the show where artists and galleries display their own creations. Lighting Visione designed by SVEN|M: A special section of The Lighting Show featuring iconic lighting products and innovations from the past, present and future. The feature will also be designed and curated by award winning design firm, SVEN | M.
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Technology ADVANCED IRRIGATION CONTROL TWO-WIRE TECHONOLOGY Why This System Benefits Your Bottom Line.
Logic Plus ‘S’ – 2 wire decoder controller
The Advantages of LogicPLUS Two-wire Technology
2-wire in-field decoder
Hand held remote in-field programmer
The LogicPLUS principles of two-wire operation are straight forward, Instead of running a dedicated hotwire and a common wire to every valve in the system; LogicPLUS two-wire technology shares the same two-wire path to all the valves in the system. The system communicates with each valve individually through a receiver. Each receiver has a unique address. So, to open one valve or a set of valves-the controller communicates this to all of the same number or different numbered receivers. With LogicPLUS technology; the receiver addresses are identical to the station number on the controller. LogicPLUS two-wire technology provides significant gains in design flexibility and an improved practical ability to achieve a bigger operation area foot print for each controller. Planned or unplanned expansion is easily accommodated. LogicPLUS technology offers substantial economies in all phases of the project including lower installation costs, cost savings in system maintenance, economical system modification and budget protection in long-term reliability.
Features & Benefits include:
• Easy systems design—Simultaneously operate 8 valves anywhere in the system using all size AWG 14 wire at distances up to 3.65 km in any direction out from controller. • Reduces copper wire required up to 80%, or more. • Saves 80% or more wire installation time/labor. • Maintenance costs are reduced through the simple reduction of the quantity of wire in the field. • Wire breaks are self-diagnostic-simply target the two-wire path between the last working valve and first non-working valve—this greatly reduces wire location and repair time. • Easily add a valve to the system by locating the closest field two-wire path, tee off to the desired location and program an off-the-shelf receiver to your desired valve number. • Add valves without purchasing a new controller to increase station number capacity and without trenching new wires from the controller out to the new valve location, • Long-term system reliability is enhanced significantly as a result of the 80% or more reduction in the amount of wire buried which directly equates to the proportionate reduction of maintenance, re-splicing and associated repairs. This all results in very tangible short and long term savings.
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• Available in two models--42 stations with 8 independent programs and 8 Start Times per program OR 128 stations with 16 independent programs and 16 Start Times per program. • Run times available in seconds and minutes. Or minutes and hours depending on program. • 4 independent two-wire outputs provided, each capable of running up to 12,000 linear feet (3.65 km) run wire radius from controller on standard 14 gauge wire and operating from 1to 80 valves with LogicPLUS 42 and up to 128 valves with LogicPLUS 128. • Operate up to 8 valves simultaneously off the same station number or different numbers plus one Master Valve/Pump start relay and one Fertigation Valve/Pump relay. • Allows program of the in-field receivers at the controller (or in-field with a hand-held device). • Provides ability to incorporate unlimited tees, ells, and crosses in the field two-wire path thus easily allowing for systems extensions or design changes.
HIT Logic Plus 2-wire control components are manufactured by Hit Products Corp in the USA and provided with a 3 year warranty against manufacturing defects (Extended to 5 years when used in conjunction with HIT 500 series "HiFlow" glass filled nylon construction Solenoid Control Valves.
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The Golden Ratio Vega Fjenne Rochat
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L
eonardo Fibonacci, (Pisa, Italy11701250) was a talented and enigmatic mathematician who produced notable work. Above all, he is nowadays renowned for having developed the famous Fibonacci Sequence (otherwise known as the Golden Ratio, which the Ancient Greeks found an aesthetically pleasing means of communication –or Divine Proportion, as Leonardo Da Vinci once called it). This extremely fascinating mathematical series is artfully simple, but its applications are astounding and it has perplexed many mathematicians for over 700 years‌ In fact, many have ascertained that the Golden Ratio is allembracing, and once you become aware of it, you cannot fail to notice that it is present everywhere in the universe -in nature, space, physics, chemistry, mathematics, art, architecture, acoustics, optics etc. - and that it subtly ties things together finding its ultimate realization in the human form. For example, structures like the Parthenon in Greece, the Egyptian Pyramids, St. Peter’s in Rome or paintings like The Mona Lisa or the Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci were built and created according to Golden Ratio principles, as have been and are other classical and contemporary art and architectural works.
What is the Golden Ratio?
The Golden Ratio is a visual representation of a number called Phi which, in turns, gives origin to the Divine Proportion (so called by Renaissance artists because they thought it was directly generated by God).
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What is the relationship between the Golden Ratio and nature? The natural world is ordered according to the laws of various mathematical systems. This symmetry in plants can be carefully translated into the Golden Ratio, which not only represents the angle degrees between emerging leaves and branches in trees and shrubs, but also the number of petals and their arrangement in flowers, how leaves are positioned around a plant stem, the number of spirals and seeds present in flowers, fruits and pine cones, etc. Many studies indicate that there is a specific reason for this ratio happening. Apparently, much has to do with sun sequences and a plant’s need to maximize contact with sunlight.
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In plants, new cells develop with the presence of sunlight. Apparently, the “Fibonacci leaf arrangement” allows sunlight to reach the plant at its base, the old leaves never obstructing the growth of new ones and never obscuring the light needed for photosynthesis and for offshoot creation.
A garden of golden proportions
In essence, design is communication but the vehicle for communication is the design itself. Two opposite but intimately linked key components in design are sensitivity and logic. Many designers have trouble with composition and keep moving things around until they feel that all shapes up correctly according to their logic. The Golden Ratio involves designing an element where the ratio of a small part to a bigger part is equal to the ratio of the bigger part to the whole. By incorporating Fibonacci numbers in landscape compositions, you can achieve a unified design that is in balance with nature’s proportions. Assuming that whatever the nature of the unique ratio Phi creates is all around us, we can be sure that designs created on these basis are more effective and more pleasing to the eye because they respond to a natural language easily understood by our subconscious. Indeed, utilizing Fibonacci numbers might not work in every situation. However, where your 12
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landscape allows you some choice in dimensions, this numerical sequence is a very simple way to achieve a subtle and at the same time powerful effect.
Breaking up the space
You can create a Golden Section in your garden by dividing spaces into smaller sections that express the 1.618 ratio. For instance, divide a space measuring 8m into two sections measuring 3m and 5m. You can use this formula as many times as you wish with increasingly larger areas, to create a feeling
Landscape furniture and decorations On a more general note, the same rule can be applied to garden furniture, carefully selecting the right number of pots and vases, rocks, chairs, sun chairs, tables, hanging decorations or on walls, water features, pathways and alcoves, mounding elements, and delicately pairing them in groups according to colour, shape, function and so on.
Opportunities
of movement whilst keeping the ratio intact. Using any two adjacent numbers in Fibonacci’s sequence, you will be able to generate a shape of good proportions. For example, a 3m by 5m flower bed, or a 2mby3m border etc.
Plant groups
Look for ways to place plants in groups of, 1,3,5 or 8, using number combinations that follow the Golden Ratio. For instance, you could plant 8 trees, 5 shrubs and 3 climbers close to each other, 13 herbaceous plants 14
and 21 groundcovers in a group etc. You can associate an infinite number of plants that once mature will display a proportionate height that is faithful to the Golden Ratio’s sequence. Also, you can create an adequate proportion within a single plant, pruning a tree so its branches cover only the top third of its overall height, bringing about a visual balance to the tree itself as well as in its proportion to surrounding plants and landscape structures.
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Understanding the Golden Ratio and learning how to utilize it to add value to your landscape is an invaluable tool for communication that pleases the collective eye. Hopefully I have provided you with some clear and practical information on how to set up landscape compositions based on feeling, logical thought and a simple set of rules.
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اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎردو ﻓﻴﺒﻮﻧﺎﺗﺸﻲ )ﺑﻴﺰا ،إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ م mم( ﻋﺎﻟ َﻢ رﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎ ٍت ﻣﻮﻫﻮﺑ ًﺎ وﻏﺎﻣﻀ ًﺎ أﻧﺘﺞ أﻋﻤﺎ ًﻻ ﺑﺎرزة .وﻗﺒﻞ ﻛ ّﻞ ﺷﻲء ،ﻳﺬﻳﻊ ﺻﻴﺘﻪ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻟﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﺒﻮﻧﺎﺗﺸﻲ اﻟﺸﻬﻴﺮة )أو ﻣﺎ ُﻳﻌ َﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻋﺘﺒﺮﻫﺎ اﻹﻏﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎء وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ ﺟﺎذﺑﺔ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴ ًﺎ mأو ﻣﺎ أﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎردو دا ﻓﻴﻨﺸﻲ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻹﻟﻬﻲ( .ﺗﺘﻤ ّﻴﺰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﳊﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ اﻵﺳﺮة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ إﻻ أنّ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻫﺸﺔ ﺣ ّﻴﺮت ﻋﻠﻤﺎء رﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت ﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪة ﺳﺒﻌﻤﺌﺔ ﻋﺎم ...وﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ،أ ّﻛﺪ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮون أنّ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﺎ إن ﻳﺘﻨ َﺒﻪ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ اﳌﺮء ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺘﺄ ﻳﺮاﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛ ّﻞ ﺑﻘﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮن mﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ واﻟﻔﻀﺎء ،ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء واﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء ،ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت، واﻟﻔﻨﻮن ،واﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﳌﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ،وﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺎت ،وﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺎت ،أﻟﺦ mوﻳﻼﺣﻆ أﻧّﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ اﻷﻣﻮر ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﲟﻬﺎرة ﺣﻴﺚ ﳒﺪ ذروة ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺒﺸﺮي. ﻓﻤﻦ ﺑﺎب اﳌﺜﻞ ،ﳒﺪ أنّ اﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮار اﻟﺒﺎرﺛﻴﻨﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎن واﻷﻫﺮام ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ وﻛﺎﺗﺪراﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﺑﻄﺮس ﻓﻲ روﻣﺎ أو اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﺣﺘﻲ اﳌﻮﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰا أو اﻟﻌﺸﺎء اﻟﺴ ّﺮي ﻟﻠﻴﻮﻧﺎردو دا ﻓﻴﻨﺸﻲ ﻗﺪ ُﺷ ِ ّﻴ َﺪت و ُوﺿِ َﻌﺖ وﻓﻖ ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﺷﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺄن ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﻨّﻴﺔ واﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﳌﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ واﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮة. ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ؟ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﺮﻗﻢ ُﻳﻄﻠَﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﺮف ﻓﺎي 1IJوﻳﻮﻟّﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻹﻟﻬﻲ )أﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻧﻮ اﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻇ ّﻨ ًﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ أﻧّﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﺜﻖ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ًة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻪ(. ﻓﺎي رﻗﻢ ﻧﺎﰋ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻄﺮ ّ ﺧﻂ إﻟﻰ ﻧﺼﻔﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌ ّﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوي ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ اﳊﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪةﻋﺎﳌﻴ ًﺎ.
ﺑﺪ ّﻗﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﲤ ّﺜﻞ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ ﺑﲔ اﻷوراق اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺘﺔ وأﻏﺼﺎن اﻷﺷﺠﺎر واﻟﺸﺠﻴﺮات ﻓﺤﺴﺐ، ﺑﻞ ﻋﺪد ﺗﻮﻳﺠﺎت اﻷزﻫﺎر وﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ أﻳﻀ ًﺎ ،ووﺿﻌﻴﺔ اﻷوراق ﺣﻮل ﺳﺎق اﻟﻨﺒﺘﺔ ،وﻋﺪد اﳊﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺎت واﻟﺒﺬور ﻓﻲ اﻷزﻫﺎر واﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ واﳌﺨﺮوﻃﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﻮﺑﺮﻳﺔ ،أﻟﺦ.
ﺗﺸﻴﺮ دراﺳﺎت ﻛﺜﻴﺮة إﻟﻰ وﺟﻮد ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﺤ ّﺪد ﻟﻈﻬﻮر ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ .ﻓﻴﺒﺪو أنّ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ ﺣ ّﺪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻴﺔ وﺣﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت إﻟﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﺗﻌ ّﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻀﻮء إﻟﻰ أﻗﺼﻰ ﺣ ّﺪ. ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ،ﺗﻨﻤﻮ اﳋﻼﻳﺎ اﳉﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺿﻮء اﻟﺸﻤﺲ .وﻳﻈﻬﺮ أنّ uﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻷوراق وﻓﻖ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﺒﻮﻧﺎﺗﺸﻲ iﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻨﻮر اﻟﺸﻤﺲ أن ﻳﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻨﺒﺘﺔ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ اﻷوراق اﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﳕﻮ اﳉﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ أﺑﺪ ًا وﻻ ﲢﺠﺐ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﺬي ﲢﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ وﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻔﺮوع. ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺐ ذﻫﺒﻴﺔ ٌ ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ ،إﻻ أنّ وﺳﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻮﻫﺮه اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ .أﻣﺎ اﳌﻜ ّﻮﻧﲔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ،أي اﻹﺣﺴﺎس اﳌﺮﻫﻒ واﳌﻨﻄﻖ ،ﻓﻴﺮﺗﺒﻄﺎن ارﺗﺒﺎﻃ ًﺎ وﺛﻴﻘ ًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻴﻀﲔ ﻣﺘﻀﺎدﻳﻦ. ﻳﺠﺪ ﻣﺼ ّﻤﻤﻮن ﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻓﻴﻮاﺻﻠﻮن ﲢﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺸﻌﺮوا ﺑﺄنّ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﳋﺎص. ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻬﻢ ّ أﻣﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻘﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﳉﺰء اﻷﺻﻐﺮ إﻟﻰ اﳉﺰء اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﳉﺰء اﻷﻛﺒﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜ ّﻞ .ﻓﺪﻣﺞ أﻋﺪاد ﻓﻴﺒﻮﻧﺎﺗﺸﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﻳﺤ ّﻘﻖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﳌﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ إﻧﺘﺎج ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ َّ اﻟﺘﻮازن ﻣﻊ ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ .وإذا اﻓﺘﺮﺿﻨﺎ أنّ ﻛ ّﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟّﺪه ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﺎي اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪة ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮاﺟﺪ ﺣﻮﻟﻨﺎ ،ﻓﺒﻮﺳﻌﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻀﻤﻦ أنّ اﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ اﳌﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺳﺲ ﻫﻲ
ﻓﻤﺜ ًﻼ ،ﳝﻜﻨﻜﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ أﻣﺘﺎر إﻟﻰ ﺟﺰﺋﲔ ﺑﻘﻴﺎس أﻣﺘﺎر و أﻣﺘﺎر .ﺑﻮﺳﻌﻜﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻗﺪر ﻣﺎ ﺗﺸﺎؤون ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﻣﺘﺼﺎﻋﺪة اﳊﺠﻢ ﻹﺿﻔﺎء ﺷﻲء ﻣﻦ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻊ إﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻬﺎ .ﻓﺒﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل أي رﻗﻤﲔ ﻣﺘﺎﺧﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﺒﻮﻧﺎﺗﺸﻲ ﻳﺘﺴﻨّﻰ ﻟﻜﻢ ّ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ أﺷﻜﺎل ﺑﺄﺣﺠﺎم ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮار ﺣﻮض أزﻫﺎر ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻪ م × م أو ﺣﺎ ّﻓﺔ ﲟﺴﺎﺣﺔ م × م ،أﻟﺦ. ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت إﺑﺤﺜﻮا ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮاﺋﻖ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺒﺘﺔ أو ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أو ﺧﻤﺴﺔ أو ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﺪاد ﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ .ﻣﺜ ًﻼ ،ﳝﻜﻨﻜﻢ ﻏﺮس أﺷﺠﺎر و ﺷﺠﻴﺮات و ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻣﺘﻌ ّﺮﺷﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ أﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺧﺮى ،أو ﻧﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺒﻴﺔ و ﻧﺒﺘﺔ ﻣﻦ ّ ﻣﻐﻄﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ،أﻟﺦ. ﺑﻮﺳﻌﻜﻢ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻋﺪد ﻻ ﻳﺤﺼﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬِ ﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﳕ ّﻮﻫﺎ ﻃﻮ ًﻻ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺒ ًﺎ ﳝﺘﺜﻞ ﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻜﻢ أن ﺗُﻨﺸﺌﻮا ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﺘﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ﻓﺘﺸﺬﺑﻮا ﺷﺠﺮة ّ ﻟﺘﻐﻄﻲ أﻏﺼﺎﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﺜﻠﺚ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ً ً ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ وﺗﻀﻔﻮن ﺗﻮازﻧﺎ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺠﺮة ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ وﻋﻠﻰﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت وأﺷﻜﺎل اﳌﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ. اﳌﻔﺮوﺷﺎت واﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﳌﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻳﺨﺺ وﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ،ﻳﺠﻮز ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ّ اﳌﻔﺮوﺷﺎت ﻓﻲ اﳊﺪﻳﻘﺔ ،ﻓﺘﺨﺘﺎرون ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺪد اﳌﻼﺋﻢ ﻣﻦ أواﻧﻲ زرع اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت واﳌﺰﻫﺮﻳﺎت ،واﻟﺼﺨﻮر ،واﻟﻜﺮاﺳﻲ، واﳌﻘﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻠﻘﺎء ،واﻟﻄﺎوﻻت ،واﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ اﳌﺘﺪﻟّﻴﺔ أو اﳌﻌﻠّﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳉﺪران ،واﻟﻨﻮاﻓﻴﺮ وأﺣﻮاض اﳌﻴﺎه، واﳌﻤﺮات واﳌﺨﺘﻠﻴﺎت ﻓﻲ اﳊﺪﻳﻘﺔ ،وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﱘ وﺗﻨﺴﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻠﻮن واﻟﺸﻜﻞ ووﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل وﻏﻴﺮ ذﻟﻚ.
ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ًﺎ ،ﻓﺈنّ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻧﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺎوي ﻛ ّﻞ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﻦ اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺒﻘﺎﻧﻪ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، : ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، ،إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ. ﺗﻮﻟّﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﺎي ﺷﻜ ًﻼ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴ ًﺎ ُﻳﻌ َﺮف بiاﳌﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ iﺗﺴﺎوي أﻃﻮال أﺿﻼﻋﻪ : ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﳌﺜﺎل = + ،؛ = +؛ . = + أﻣﺎ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺎوي ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﻦ اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﻘﺎه وﻫﻮ أﻳﻀ ًﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮب اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ .ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ،إذا ﺿﺮﺑﻨﺎ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺑﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ،أي ،ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ . ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﲤ ّﻴﺰ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺴﺎﻃﺘﻬﺎاﻟﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ. ﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ؟ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ. ﻳﻨﺘﻈﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ وﻓﻖ ﻗﻮاﻧﲔ ٍ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻧﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﲡﻮز ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﻪ
أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ِ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻇﺮ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻷﻧّﻬﺎ ﲢﺎﻛﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻼوﻋﻲ اﻟﺒﺸﺮي أن ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ. ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﺢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻋﺪاد ﻓﻴﺒﻮﻧﺎﺗﺸﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﳊﺎﻻت .وﻟﻜﻦ ،ﻓﻲ اﳊﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻣﻨﻈﺮﻛﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻷﺣﺠﺎم وﻟﻮ ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﻃﻔﻴﻔﺔ ،ﳝﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻷﻋﺪاد ﻫﺬه ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺟ ّﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ وﻗﻊ دﻗﻴﻖ وﻗﻮي ﻓﻲ آن ﻣﻌ ًﺎ. ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢاﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﻮﺳﻌﻜﻢ أن ﺗﺒﺘﻜﺮوا ﻗﺴﻤ ًﺎ ذﻫﺒﻴ ًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺘﻜﻢ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﳌﺴﺎﺣﺎت إﻟﻰ أﺟﺰاء أﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤ ًﺎ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ .
اﻟﻔﺮص اﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻳﺸ ّﻜﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ وﺗﻌﻠّﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﺮﻛﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ أدا َة ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ ﺛﻤﻴﻨﺔ ﲡﺬب ِ اﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮﻳﻦ وﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﻓﺮﺻ ًﺎ ﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ واﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف .أﻣﻠﻲ أن أﻛﻮن ﻗﺪ ﳒﺤﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪﻛﻢ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻮاﺿﺤﺔ واﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ أﺷﻜﺎل اﳌﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎ ًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺣﺴﺎس ،واﳌﻨﻄﻖ ،وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ .وإﻧّﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﺄنّ ﻫﺬا ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋﺪﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺑﺘﻜﺎر ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﻤ ّﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﳉﺎذﺑﻴﺔ واﻻﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﻓﻲ أﺣﺠﺎﻣﻬﺎ ،ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﺒﺪو ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔ وﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﳌﺮء ﺑﺎﻟﺮاﺣﺔ ،ﺗﻌ ّﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻛ ّﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻏﺒﻮن ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺘﻜﻢ ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻞ ﺻﻮرة ﳑﻜﻨﺔ!
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Parks
Solberg Tower & Recreational Area Sarpsborg, Ă˜stfold, Norway
W
hilst we proceed to analyze the project by Todd Saunders, visibly impressed by the impact of the images, the periodical Domus have published another superb project from the same studio. It relates to a staircase with a beautiful belvedere at the summit, that the Canadian architect has designed for a forest in Norway. In 1996, the architect migrated to Norway where he established the architectural studio Saunders Architecture in the city of Bergen completing a series of architectural works characterized by a search for beauty. After completing his studies at the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design at Halifax and McGill University in Montreal, Canada he moved to Norway where he pursued a dynamic architecture that experimented with new materials and an artisanal sensibility and meticulous attention to the
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By Todd Saunders
environmental context. Armed with a sound knowledge of contemporary architecture the architect mantains that the intervention should highlight the site, specifically its natural forms, materials and textures, but also make reference to the memory and interaction between human beings in captivating the beauty of nature. Sarpsborg, in the vicinity of Ă˜stfold, represents an episode in a natural context, plain and serene typical of the terrain in the south of Norway. It is a customary stop for travellers from and to Sweden. Some years ago the Department for the Norwegian Highways and the Regional Administration commissioned Saunders to propose a design for the recreational area, allowing him full freedom and liberty to express himself. In full synergy with the patrons this project was concieved
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Parks
as one of the first sights of Norway to be enjoyed to those travelling from Sweden. It is an invitation to stop and have a recreational break in search of the marvellous natural qualities of the site: the forest along the coast, a beautiful region and in most parts not so well known. The architect has worked for the better appreciation of places to enjoy the views and the natural environment by developing some two thousand square metres of paced and natural materials mainly wood and timber-board, a space that is transformed into an oval space enclosed in Corten steel and wood. In this manner, the stop can evoke unpredicatable reflections on culture: small totemexhibits in Corten, designed in collaboration with the graphic designer Camilla Holcroft, and containing information on rock carvings dating to the Bronze Age, discovered in the nearby forest. The stop could be a path for meditation and contemplation: the pathway delineated by a boundary wall that starts from the ground to 4 metres high, leading to a tower of concrete and wood, simple in form and an iconic symbol of the park – a referential landmark that is visible from afar from the highway. From here, at a height of 30 metres, and thanks to a magnificent belvedere, one can enjoy a full, open 360° panorama over the surrounding woods that surround the fjords of Oslo.
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Gardens
This quite large garden located north of Buenos Aires city has been modeled over more than twenty years. By Jimena Martignoni
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A private garden in Buenos Aires combines local nature and international design models.
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ssentially, the garden takes and recreates two landscape styles: the geometrical and axial designs based on the iconic Italian villas of the 16th century, and the tropical garden, humid and shady, whose configuration is liberated from all formal clauses. This responds to two quite significant conditions: the owner’s favorite garden in Europe, which he had visited before starting the project, was the Villa Lante in Bagnaia, Italy; on the other hand, the site was a quite steep piece of land that dropped away toward the coast of the Plate River, or RĂo de la Plata. The molding of the land, with the object of this differentiation, was a key action in this project. Based on the nature of the slopes, the designer did important earth work, removing it at some spots
70# PROTECS PRIMEVAL FORESTS /UR FIRST OBJECTIVE WAS TO DEVELOP THE TECHNOLOGY TO CREATE A COMPOSITE WOOD SUPERIOR TO NATURAL WOOD IN ORDER TO COMBAT THE THOUGHTLESS LUMBERING OF FOREST TREES
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Gardens
and incorporating it at some others, to finally craft the diverse surfaces and ambiences he had originally envisioned. The formal spaces appear at the upper areas of the site, coinciding with the level of the house and the access street, and the wilder spaces are laid out at the bottom, closer to the river. The main access to the house is where the reference to the Villa Lante can be best appreciated. When entering the compound from the street, and after leaving, on the left, a yard where a massive group of pots with cacti and succulent species are picturesquely exhibited, the first image that is made out is a parterre composition, which marks the main access to the garden. Before getting to this point, partially roofed logia connect to the house; in this manner, the garden becomes a privileged space, more important than the building architecture. Conversely, what appears as a background, in deep contrast to this geometrical first welcoming layout, is a cluster of large trees and some palms that seem to establish the first dialogue between styles. Most of these trees, some of which existed at the site when the designer started to work on the project, have a stunning blooming: jacarandas, silk folk tree and trumpet tree combine with a few large conifers. Other clear references to the Villa garden are the negotiation of the elevation changes with stately
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stairs and large landing platforms and terraces, flanked by large plant containers and sculptures; the incorporation of symmetrical parterres which mark the beginning or the ending of an itinerary; the repetition of topiary design and the presence of focal points such as fountains, pools or other sculptural elements. While going down the stairs and brick terraces that are developed on the left side of the garden, the large trees get visually incorporated into the landscape, conquering it with their crowns, their branches or only part of them. On the edges of these stairs, also appear shade species, ferns and large leaved plants, which integrate with the original planting of the humid ravine such as bamboo, palms, banana tree, ivy and groundcovers.
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Gardens
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At the lowest part of the site, from where the terraces and overlapping spaces can be fully appreciated, a cluster of calla lilies and other herbaceous occupy a flat central area. The sequential design of the green slopes is sometimes outlined with formal compositions and others with the combination of green edges and large steps. An informal wooden long stair leads to the upper part of the garden, completing the circuit. This stair is developed along a quite steep part of the original slopes and among many palms and tropical species; once at the level of the house again, the river
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can be made out in the distance. Right after these last tropical looking spaces the garden presents another semi closed formal area that hides the swimming pool. Pergolas, benches and a stone deck define the edges, which gently slope down to the first welcoming plane of the garden. Some concealed spaces of the garden are reserved for a private nursery, plants growing and care, tasks that the owner decide to carry out on-site years ago. Although in the beginning the planting plan was not exclusively native (many of the introduced plants were brought from far places, especially South Africa, Colombia and the United States), today most of the species, which are still being incorporated are from local environments and regions.
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Designer: Edmundo Tonconogy Location: Buenos Aires, near the river coast Size: 8.000 m2 Date: ongoing project started more than 20 years ago Photography: Courtesy of Facundo de ZuvirĂa
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Gardens
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Urban Orchard
A Fragmented Orchard 7/5/11 3:47:06 PM
Kirchberg, Luxemburg By OKRA Landscape Architects
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Site
This design is for public spaces for the Grünewald district, Kirchberg, Luxembourg. The assignment was to create public spaces between apartments buildings.
Fragments
OKRA won the competition to design a public space between office buildings in the Gruenewald area of the Luxemburg city borough of Kirchberg. OKRA thought of how to give the fragmented neighbourhood a consistent identity of its own. As the area lacked a clear programme, OKRA chose to come up with their personal programme for an ‘urban orchard’. By planting apple and pear trees, OKRA has attempted to I www.landscape-me.com I August 2012
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Urban Orchard
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create cohesion between the scattered spaces and buildings. Thus the theme of the ‘edible city’ gives this public space its coherence. The urban orchard consists of many little orchards, each with its own atmosphere – but everywhere passers-by are invited to pick the fruit. The orchard stands in a fragmented layout of squares and passages organized in a grid system together with buildings and private parcels. The jury awarded the strong identity that the project
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Blends naturally with any environment and landscape composition simple and elegant Modern flower pots with lights
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Urban Orchard
introduces for this part of the Plateau of Kirchberg and also the gesture towards the rigid atmosphere of the buildings. A gradual change in the types and the densities of plantation creates a high quality link between the higher part of the district, more business and urban a-like, and the southern part, more natural, leading towards the Klosengroendchen park. Different atmospheres of
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Natural environment
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Urban Orchard
orchard are created to provide a specific sense of place to each areas of the new district. A network of lines bind the different pieces of public space in order to create a narrative and spatial link between each of the existing public spaces fragments.
7/5/11 3:47:06 PM
Client: Fonds d’urbanisation et d’aménagement du Plateau de Kirchberg, 96, Boulevard Konrad Adenauer L-2950 Luxembourg Tel: +352 26 43 45 10 Contact person (client): Mme Veronique Bous Nature and dimensions of area: 2.8 Ha 36
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international designs
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New Projects
middleeasttenders.com
+971 2 634 8495
NEW TENDERS Project Number & Name
Client
Description
Closing Date
40040603001008019-SA Entrances Improvement & Beautification Works
KSA
Qassim Municipality (Saudi Arabia) Phone : (+966-6) 326 5000
Carrying out entrances improvement and beautification works for a municipality
September 1, 2012
GT12110600-Q Garden Maintenance & Landscaping-6
Qatar
Phone : (+974) 4440 2000
Carrying out maintenance and landscaping of a garden for a petroleum company.
August 19, 2012
56/2012-O/5 Landscaping Works-32
Oman
Ministry of Defence Phone : (+968) 2433 9031 / 2433 5239
Carrying out landscaping works for a defense authority.
September 17, 2012
PRE/12/135-O Landscaping Maintenance Works-24
Oman
Muscat Municipality Phone : (+968) 2475 3000
Carrying out maintenance of hard and soft landscaping works for a municipality.
August 13, 2012
NEW & CURRENT PROJECTS Project Name
Description
Client
Country
Consultant/ Contractor
Budget (USD)
Villas Construction Project - Jubail
Construction of (800 Nos.) villas for employees.
Saudi Arabian Mining Company (MAADEN)
Saudi Arabia
WorleyParsons (Saudi Arabia)
N/A
Headquarters Building Project
Construction of headquarters building comprising 105-metre-high, 35-storey office tower.
Al-Abdulkarim Holding (Saudi Arabia)
Saudi Arabia
Dewan Architects & Engineers (Saudi Arabia)
N/A
Shell Group (Netherlands)
Iraq
N/A
N/A
ALDAR Properties PJSC (Abu Dhabi)
UAE
RW Armstrong & Associates (Abu Dhabi)
N/A
Central Processing Facility Construction Project (Phase 2) Majnoon Field Villas Construction Project - Yas Island
Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract to build a central processing facility (CPF) with a capacity of 200,000 barrels-a-day (b/d) at Majnoon Field. Construction of (600 Nos.) villas, including a 23,000 Sqm school, 2,500 sqm mosque, a 4,400 sqm shopping centre and 1,700 sqm recreation club in Yas Island.
Beachfront Development Project - Jumeirah Beach Residence
Construction of a retail and entertainment development on the beachfront.
Meraas Development (Dubai)
UAE
Benoy Architects (Abu Dhabi)
N/A
Houses Construction Project-89
Construction of (100,000) houses, including associated roads and infrastructure, installing water supply and sewage systems.
National Investment Commission (Iraq)
Iraq
Hanwha Engineering & Construction (South Korea)
8 Billion
Delta 1 Residential Tower Project - Dubai Marina
Construction of 21-storey Delta 1 residential tower.
Delta Properties L.L.C (Dubai)
UAE
National Engineering Bureau / Engineering Contracting Company L.L.C. - ECC (Dubai)
Dream Tower Project - Dubai Marina
Construction of Dream Tower.
Private Investor (Dubai)
UAE
Al Ajmi Engineering Consultants / S.S. Lootah Contracting Company (Dubai)
460 Million
MY Tower Project
Construction of MY Tower including, a health club floor and roof.
Worldwide Project Management (Dubai)
UAE
Dimensions Engineering Consultant / Dubco Construction L.L.C (Dubai)
N/A
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The Irrigation Innovators
TECNIDRO MESC
I www.landscape-me.com I August 2012
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• Landscaping development the hard and soft scape • Irrigation • Horticultural supplies, lawns and specimen plants • email: info@zaidg.com • PO Box 4756 Riyadh 11412, KSA • email: dubai@zaidg.com • PO Box 181581 Dubai, UAE • website: www.zaidg.com
RIYADH: King Khalid Airport Road: Tel. No.: 00966 (1) 4655555
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KHOBAR: Coast Road Tel. No.: 00966 (3) 8590066
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JEDDAH: Al Andalus Tel. No.: 00966 (2) 6686666
DUBAI Sheikh Zayed Road Tel. No. 00971 (4) 3296630