1ὒG⋶㝾㢖GἚ㩞 ὒG⋶㝾㢖GἚ㩞G[Weather and Seasons] Conversation 1
㠊ⓦGἚ㩞㦚G㩲㧒G㫡㞚䞮㎎㣪f
O⹒㰖㢖GⰞ䋂ṖG☚㍲ὖG㞴㠦㍲G㧊㟒₆䞮ἶG㧞㔋┞┺UP
⹒㰖aGG
⋶㝾ṖGⰤ㧊G㔲㤦䟊㪢㰖㣪fG1.1G
Ⱎ䋂aGG
⍺SG㩫ⰦG㔲㤦䟊㪢㠊㣪UG㡂⯚㧊G⊳⋮ἶG
G
G
⻢㖾GṖ㦚㧊G♦⍺㣪UG㢂䟊G㡂⯚㦖G㧻ⰞṖGG
G
G
㥶⋲䧞G₎㠊㍲G㰖Ỿ㤶㠊㣪U
⹒㰖aGG
Ⱎ䋂G㝾⓪G㠊ⓦGἚ㩞㦚G㩲㧒G㫡㞚䞮㎎㣪f
Ⱎ䋂aGG
㩖⓪G⽚㧊G㩲㧒G㫡㞚㣪UG⋶㝾☚G➆⦑䞮ἶSGG
G
↙☚GⰤ㧊G䞒㧬㞚㣪UG1.2G⹒㰖G㝾⓪㣪f
G
⹒㰖aGG
㩖⓪G㓺䋺☚G䌞G㑮G㧞ἶG䞯☚G₎㠊㍲G
G
Ỿ㤎㧊G▪G㫡㞚㣪UG
G
Ⱎ䋂aGG
㞚SG⁎⧮㣪fG⁎⩒SG⹒㰖G㝾⓪GỾ㤎㧊GG
G
₆┺⩺㰖Ỷ⍺㣪UG
G
⹒㰖aGG
⍺SG⁎⩝㰖ⰢG
G
G
┾䛣Gῂἓ㦚G
G
G
䞶G㑮G㧞㠊㍲GG
G
G
Ṗ㦚☚G㫡㞚䟊㣪UG
G
G
Int1_20110710.indd Sec1:4
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
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1ὒGG⋶㝾㢖GἚ㩞GGGGG 5
G
G
㺎SGⰞ䋂G㝾G10㤪㠦G㍺㞛㌆㠦G┾䛣Gῂἓ䞮⩂G
G
G
Ṗ⓪◆SGṯ㧊G㞞GṞ⧮㣪f
Ⱎ䋂aGG
┾䛣Gῂἓ㧊㣪fG⁎⩝㰖G㞠㞚☚GṖG⽊ἶGG G
G
㕌㠞⓪◆G㧮G♦⍺㣪UG
G
G
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS 1. 㰖⁞㦖 㠊ⓦ Ἒ㩞㧛┞₢? 2. Ⱎ䋂⓪ 㢲 ⽚㦚 㩲㧒 㫡㞚䞿┞₢? 3. Ỿ㤎 䞯㧊 ₗ┞₢, 㡂⯚ 䞯㧊 ₗ┞₢? 4. ⹒㰖⓪G㢲GṖ㦚ὒGỾ㤎㦚G㫡㞚䞿┞₢? 5. ⹒㰖⓪G10㤪㠦Gⶊ㠝㦚G䞮ἶG㕌㠊䞿┞₢?
NEW WORDS NOUN
VERB
Ὃ₆
air
₆┺⩺㰖┺
to be wished
ῂ⯚
cloud
Oῂ⯚㧊PG⋒┺
to get cloudy
₆㡾
temperature
⌄㞚㰖┺
to get lower
⌄
daytime
⌊⩺Ṗ┺
to go down
┾䛣
fall foliage
♮┺
to function, work
⩆▮
London
㔲㤦䟊㰖┺
to become cooler
㍺㞛㌆
Selak Mount
䞒┺
to bloom
㓺䕢Ợ䕆
spaghetti
ADJECTIVE
㟒㣎
the outside
⌄┺
to be low
㠦㠊䄾
air conditioner
Ⱗ┺
to be clear
㦢㔳Ṩ
food cost
㰖Ἇ┺
to be boring
㣎ῃ㠊
foreign language
ADVERB
㥶⩓
Europe
Ἒ㏣
continuously
㧻Ⱎ
rainy season
㥶⋲䧞
particularly
㩚䢪゚
phone bill
SUFFIX
䆮㍲䔎
concert
~㧬㞚㣪
you know
䞮⓮
sky
~㠊/㞚㰖┺
to become
Int1_20110710.indd Sec1:5
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6
Lesson 1 Weather and Seasons
NEW EXPRESSIONS 1. 㔲㤦䞮┺ has a range of meanings from 'to be cool in temperature, be refreshing, inspiring' to 'to be pleasing and satisfying.' That is why this adjective can be used to describe not only cold water (㔲㤦䞲 ⶒ) but also to express the feeling of satisfaction when drinking hot tea or taking a warm bath. Some examples are shown below: 㔲㤦䞲 ⧢ 㔲㤦䞲 㭒㓺 㑯㩲⯒ ┺ 䟊㍲ 㔲㤦䞮┺. 㔲㤦䞮Ợ Ⱖ䞮┺
a cool, refreshing breeze a cool, refreshing juice The load is off my mind after I finish my homework. to get right to the point
2. The month of October is often written with Arabic number as in 10㤪. It is pronounced as 㔲㤪Gand not 㕃㤪. 3. 㧮G♦⍺㣪GG G Ⱎ䂾G㧮G♦⍺㣪G
'That's great, that's good news (it turned out well)' 'That's great (it turned out well) just in time.'
GRAMMAR G1.1
Change of state: A.S.~㠊/㞚㰖┺ ‘become, get to be’
Examples (1)
A: B:
⻢㖾 Ỿ㤎㧊⍺㣪. Ṧ₆ 㫆㕂䞮㎎㣪. 㧊⻞ 㭒䎆 ⋶㝾Ṗ 㿪㤢㪎㣪 㤢㪎㣪.
(2)
A: B:
㧊 㺎 ₾⊭䟊㪢⍺㣪 䟊㪢⍺㣪. ⍞ⶊG▪⩂㤢㍲ 㡺⧲Ⱒ㠦 㼃㏢ 㫖 䟞㠊㣪.
(3)
A: B:
㣪㯮G⩆▮G⋶㝾ṖG㠊➢㣪? Ἒ㏣ ῂ⯚㧊G⅊G㧞㠞⓪◆G㭒Ⱖ䎆GⰧ㞚㰞 㞚㰞GỆ㡞㣪.
(4)
A: B:
㍲㤎㠦 㹾Ṗ 㺎 Ⱔ㞚㪢㰖㣪 㞚㪢㰖㣪? ⍺, 㩫Ⱖ 㤊㩚䞮₆ 䧮✺㠊㪢㠊㣪 㠊㪢㠊㣪.
Int1_20110710.indd Sec1:6
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1ὒGG⋶㝾㢖GἚ㩞GGGGG 7
(5)
A: B:
㡺⓮G㍲㤎G⋶㝾ṖG㠊➢㣪? ₆㡾㧊GⰤ㧊G⌄㞚㪢㠊㣪 㞚㪢㠊㣪.
Notes 1. This construction, attached to an adjective stem (A.S.), expresses a change from one state or condition to another. This construction changes an adjective into a verb. 2. The adjective in this construction denotes the resulting state or condition, as in ⽚㠦⓪ ⋶㝾Ṗ ➆⦑䟊㪎㣪 'In spring, the weather becomes warmer.' If a present state is a result of a change in the past, the past tense form is used, as in 㧊㩲 ₾⊭䟊㪢㠊㣪 'It's now become clean.' 3. The following table shows the conjugation patterns.
Gථ irregular G㦒Girregular GඥGirregular G⯊GirregularG G䞮┺
G㿻┺
G㿪㤢㰖┺
G▻┺
G▪㤢㰖┺
G㊮┺
Gザ㰖┺
G㡞㊮┺
G㡞ㄦ㰖┺
GⲖ┺
GⲖ㠊㰖┺
G₎┺
G₎㠊㰖┺
Gザ⯊┺
Gゾ⧒㰖┺
G┺⯊┺G
G╂⧒㰖┺
G₾⊭䞮┺
G₾⊭䟊㰖┺
Exercises 1. Change the following sentence using ~㠊/㞚㰖┺.
Int1_20110710.indd Sec1:7
(1)
☯㌳㧊 (㡞㊮┺).
☯㌳㧊G㡞ㄦ㪢㠊㣪.
(2)
㡂⯚㠦⓪G⌄㧊 (₎┺).
_________________________
(3)
⋶㝾Ṗ (䦦Ⰲ┺).
_________________________
(4)
㔲䠮㧊 (㠊⪋┺).
_________________________
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Lesson 1 Weather and Seasons
(5)
₆㡾㧊 (⌄┺).
(6)
㔲䠮㧊 ⊳⋮㍲ 㔲Ṛ㧊 (Ⱔ┺). _________________________
(7)
䞮⓮㧊 (Ⱗ┺).
_________________________
_________________________
2. Give an appropriate response in the following situations. (1)
㡂⯚㧊 ♮㠞㠊㣪.
⋶㝾ṖG▪㤢㪢㠊㣪.
(2)
㰖⋲G╂㠦 㥶⩓㠦 Ṫ㠊㣪.
_________________________
(3)
䂲ῂ⯒ 㡺⧮ṚⰢ㠦 Ⱒ⌂㠊㣪. _________________________
(4)
₆㡾㧊GⰤ㧊G⌊⩺Ṫ㠊㣪.
_________________________
(5)
ῂ⯚㧊GⰤ㧊G⋒㠞㠊㣪.
_________________________
3. Using ~㠊/㞚㰞Ệ㡞㣪 make a prediction about the change of state resulted by the given situation. (1)
⋶㝾Ṗ ▪㤶⓪◆ ゚Ṗ 㢪㠊㣪. 㔲㤦䟊㰞GỆ㡞㣪.
(2)
Ỿ㤎㧊 ♮㠞㠊㣪. ________________________________________________
(3)
㧊⻞ 䞯₆㠦 㡂㎅ ὒ⳿㦚 ✺㠊㣪. ________________________________________________
(4)
䞯ᾦṖG⍞ⶊGⲖ㠊㍲G㧊⻞G㭒Ⱖ㠦G₆㑯㌂⪲G㧊㌂䟊㣪. ________________________________________________
(5)
㡂⯚㧊⧒㍲ ㌂⧢✺㧊 㡂䟟㦚 Ⱔ㧊 䟊㣪. ________________________________________________
G1.2
Sentence ending ~㧬㞚㣪U 'You know, ...' (assuming agreement)
Examples
Int1_20110710.indd Sec1:8
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1ὒGG⋶㝾㢖GἚ㩞GGGGG 9
㡺⓮㦖G㟒㣎㠦㍲G㑮㠛䟊㣪? ⍺, ⋶㝾ṖG㫡㧬㞚㣪 㧬㞚㣪.
(1)
A: B:
(2)
A:GGGGGGG䏶㣪㧒㠦G䆮㍲䔎㠦Gṯ㧊GṞ⧮㣪? B: 㩖⓪GⴑGṖ㣪. 㭒Ⱖ㠦G㧒䞮㧬㞚㣪 㧬㞚㣪.
(3)
A: B:
Ὃ₆ṖG㹾⍺㣪. 㠦㠊䄾㦚G䔖㠞㧬㞚㣪 㧬㞚㣪.
(4)
A: B:
㩲┞G㝾Ṗ 㧊⻞ 㔲䠮㠦 A+⯒ 㞮㠊㣪. ⁎☯㞞 㡊㕂䧞 Ὃ䟞㧬㞚㣪 㧬㞚㣪.
Notes 1. This construction is used when the speaker assumes that the listener will agree with him/her. It is used when the speaker wants to reconfirm facts already known. 2. Although this form originated from a negative question (~㰖 㞠㞚㣪?), the intonation is not that of a question. Exercises 1. Look at the pictures and provide an appropriate response. (1)
(2) G
Int1_20110710.indd Sec1:9
⋶㝾ṖG㿪㤢㪢㠊㣪.
B:
゚ṖG㡺㧬㞚㣪.
A:
䞯㌳✺㧊G㠦G⋮ṖἶGG
G
G
G
G
G
㕌㠊䟊㣪UG
G
G
G
G
B:
__________________________
A:
㓺䕆ぢG㝾ṖG㧊⻞G㭒㠦GG
(3) G
A:
G
G
G
G
G
䞯ᾦ㠦G㞞G㡺⍺㣪UG
G
G
G
G
B:G
__________________________
G
G
7/12/11 1:03 AM
10
Lesson 1 Weather and Seasons
(4)
(5) G
G
G
G
G
A:
㌢❪ṖG㣎ῃ㠊⯒G㧮G䞮⍺㣪U
B:
__________________________
A:
䞒Ἲ䞲◆G㰧㠦G䌳㔲G䌖ἶGG
G
Ṟ₢㣪f
B:
__________________________
G
2. Give an appropriate response to the following statements. (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(A and B are working hard since early in the morning.) A:
⺆ṖGἶ䝚⍺㣪.
B:
⻢㖾G㡺䤚G2㔲㧬㞚㣪UG㓺䕢Ợ䕆Gⲏ㦒⩂GṖ㣪.
(A and B have been studying in the library for three hours.) A:
ᾟ㧻䧞G䞒Ἲ䞮⍺㣪.
B:
___________________________________________
(A calls his girlfriend long-distance everyday.) A:
㧊⻞G╂㠦G㩚䢪゚ṖGⰤ㧊G⋮㢪㠊㣪.
B:
___________________________________________
(㤆㰚 and five of his friends went to a restaurant.) A:
㦢㔳Ṩ㧊Gᾟ㧻䧞GⰤ㧊G⋮㢪⍺㣪.
B:
___________________________________________
(A and B know that Steve has been playing tennis since childhood.)
Int1_20110710.indd Sec1:10
A:
㓺䕆ぢG㝾⓪G䎢┞㓺⯒G㺎G㧮G䂮⍺㣪.
B:
___________________________________________
7/12/11 1:03 AM