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15


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16

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19


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ra LlBa Biu,c-rrpe3Ji,lleHTH, JIKi 06nparoThCJI 'J-rroMi}l( .clerryraTiB lUopiLJ:HO. Ao CKJla.n:y rraJIaTII BXOL\HTb rrapTiilHi qlpaKIJ.ii Ta 17 rrpo<pinhHHx KOMiTeriB. CCHaT E: naJlaTOIO TepHTOpiaJIbHOrO rrpeJ],CTaBHJIIJ,TBa i CKJla,LJ,acrhCJI i'3 27 ceHaTopiB (no Tpll Bi)], KO)f(HOrO 3 9 }],enapTaMeHriB), 06paHllx Ha 4 pOIm. CeHaTopoM MO)J(e CTaHI oc06a. JlKa E: ypO)l,)f(emlM rpOM3LlJlHJIHO I 130JIiBii. LlOCJITJIa 35-piLJHOrO BiJ:..'y, MaE: aKTHBHC Bn60pLIC npaBO, He E: LJ:JleHOM YPJlJl)' Ta He HOCHTh .:ryxOBHoro cany. Po60rolO ceHary KCP}lOTb rrpe31t,lI.eHT, LlBa Biu,e-rrpe3H}l,eHTII. )],0 CKJla.n:y ceHary, HK i }],O CKJL:1,!l)' naJIaTU }],eII)'TaTiB, BXO.n;llTb 17 KOMiTeriB. P060TOlO KOHrpecy B UiJIOMy Kepy(: Biu'e-rrpe3H}l,eHT pecrry6niKJL KOHrpec 36upaITbCJI mopiLIHO 6 cepnHJl i rrpOBO,JUHh 90 ceciHHliX 3aci}],aHb, Ha JlKHX Bnpiuryc mITaHHJl, Bi.n;HeceHi LlO Horo KOMrrereHl\ii. DPli He06xi.n;HOCTi KinhKiCTb 1aciJ.\aHh MO)f(e 6YTJI 36iJIbUIeHa J.\O 120. KpiM IJ,boro, MO)f(e 6yrH CKJlUKaHO eKcrpaopJ],lIHapHe (n03aLJCproBe) ceciflHe 3aci)),aHHJl. Y ncpepBi Mi)f( CeCiJIMJI, Lli£ KOMiciJl KOHrpecy, }],o CKJI3Ll)' lfKOi BXOL\HTh 9 ceHaTopiB i 18 Llerrj'TaTiB, KOMiciJl nOKJIHKaHa rapaHryBaTH }],ilO KOHCTliryuii· Ta 3aKoHiB, rOTyBaTII HOBi 3aKoHOrrpOeKTJI. a TaKO)f( BupiuryBaTH mITaHHJl rrpo He06xiLlHiCTb CKJlJlKaHHJl n03aLIeproBoi cecil. lfJIemB u,boro cneuiaJIhHOrO opraH)' 06UP3lOTb npeLlCTaBHUKJI 060x nMaT.

20

21

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CyJ.\oBa BJIa.n:a CKJIa.n:aITbC51 3 Bmuoro i HIDKLJOro piBHiB CYLlOBUX iHCTaHUiH. OLJ:OJllO£ CYJ.\OBY CHCTeMY BepXOBHlIll CYLl, JI.KHH CKJla.n:acrbCJl 3 npe3Ji,lleHTa Ta 11 CyllLliB. CyllLli 06HpalOTbcli flaJI3TOlO LleII)'TariB, i3 '1liCna oci6, 10 poKia. mo 3arrponoHoBaHi ceHaTOM. TepMiH rrepe6)'BaHHJJ Ha nocaLli CyMelO BepxoBHoro CYL\Y MQ)I<e CTaTH oc06a, lIKa 3aHMaJIa noc3Ll)' cyllLli rrpoTJlrOM 10 pOKiB, npal(lOBan3 3}lBOKaTOM. a TaKO)f( Bi)),rroBi!la£ BciM ueH3aM, mo BCTaHOBJIIOlOTbCH .LI:JUI 06paHHJl ceHaTopo I. BepxoBHHiI cy}], CKJl3}l,acrbclI 3 rpbOX IlaJIaT: y UHBimHlIX crrpaBax, y KpHMiHMbHHX cnpaBax, y couianhHHX i a.n;MiHicrpaTUBHHX cnpaBax. OCHOBffilMU <IlyHKUi.JI:MH BepXOBHoro CYL\Y (: KOHCTnryuiHHa lOPllCLlJIKUiJI., p03rJUI.LI: no nepUIiH iHCTaHuii cnpaB moJ.\o 06BHH)'BaLJeHHJl BlIll(lIX noca,nOBlIX oci6, rreperJUl)l, pimeHh, nOCTaHOBJIeHUX CY}],3MlI HJI)J:..'"'{J1X iHCTaHuiH. HU)I('illMlI naHKallIU cy.n;oBoi CHCTeMli c oKpy)f(Hi ( arreJUlUifrHi) CY}],lI, UJ1BimHi i KpliMiHamHl CYLlJi Ha piBHi MymIJ,llllaJIiTeriB, a TaKO)f( cy.n;n 06Me)f(eHOi IOPIlC,Il;u.K.Itii ( cyrol MepiB ). OKpyllllii cy.n:n CKJIa.n:aJOTbClI i3 cyllLliB, mo 06npaJOTbCJI ceHaTOM 3i cmiCKY KaH}l,H}l,ClTiB: BII1Ha'leRlIX BepXOBHliM CY}],OM. fOnOBHliM 3aBLlaHHlIl\f E: neperJUl)l, Cy}],OBliX crrpaB B aneJUluiHHOM)' rropJlLlKY. I(.IrniJIbHi i I<pliMiHaJIbHi CYLlJI p03rJUl)l,3IOTb 6immlCT.b crrpaB no nepmlit iHCTaHUlI. Cy.n:n 06MeIKeHoi IOpwCLlJlKU1i po3rJUl)l,3IOTb nepeB3)f(HO cnpaBli no n030Bax H3 HeBemlJ:..'}' cyMy ra .n.eHKi KaTcropii' KpliMiHaJIbHHX crrpaB. 3llepHeHJ1H no KarerOpiKX errpaB, JlKi


MO)J()'Tb 6)"fH po'~rJUlHYTi C)'tlOM oOMc)J(eHol IOpll tlllKUil. MO)J(C 6rn! HanpaBrrCHO tlO CYII.Y nepmol iHCTaHu.iL MUHalOLIII cY,Ll 06Mc)J(eHo'i IOPIICtlllKU.il .:l. IHlni tlaHi fpomOBa O.!UIHJru.JL 60mBdichKC neco= IOU u.CHTaBO. OlpiuillHa ~roBa: icnaHCbKa. qaCTo B)J(JfBaIOThCJI TaKO)J( KeLlya, ai1Mapa. ryapaHi. PerririJL KaTOffiU<JI - 93%, ITpOTeCTaHTlI - 4.5%jytlci· - 2.5%. foCnOLJ:apCTBo: iHJI.YCTpiarrbHo-arpapHa Kpai'Ha BBlli 'Ion. = 620 ,Llon. CIilA. faJI)"3i HapollHoro rOCIlOtlapCTBa: CiJIbChKe rOCIlOLJ:apCTBO 17.2%. rrpo~IHCJIOBiCTh 28,3%. TopriBJUI. 1l0CCpetlHllUTBO. 06crryroByBaHHfl - 28,6%, imni - 25 9%. 3eMeJIbHl pccypcn: piJIJUI 3%, Ca,LlH i ropO,!Uf 0.1%, naCOBHIUa - 25%, nicH - 5I.7%.. iHWi - 20,2(Yo. HaHBa)J(JIHBimi pocrruHHi KYJIbT)'pH: U)'KpoBa TpoCTHHa. KapTOIlJUl. pHC. KYI-.)'pyma, ll11IeHlfWI, KaBa. TBapJIHHHUTBO: BiB'IapCTBO, maxiBHHu.TBO, BPX, cBHHapCTBo. KOPJiCHl KOllamum: UlIHK, OJIOBO, 30JIOTO. BOJlhI!lpaM, Mitlb, HaqJTa, raJ. cpi6no, cipKa. '~am30, Bic~fYT. nepep06Ha rrpOMJiCJIOBiCTb: Ha(lnonepep06Ha, TeKCTHJIbHa, wKipffifa. U)'KpoBa, M' JICHa, BUITJIaBKa KOJIhOPOBJiX MCTaniB. UlrrHxJiCIlOJl)~eHHH

)J;OB)J(JU!3 3ani3HlfIl,b: 3697 KM. )J;oB)J(JlHa wocewUlx LJ:opir: 40 987KM.3 HIIX 3 TBep.LUI~1 nOKpllTTJlM (accjlaJIbT) - 1538 KM. HaHB3)J(JIlfBirui CYtlHOITJIaBHi WJUfXU: Ma~lOpe, beHi. 3rillHO 3 Mi)J(£lep)J(aBHHMJi yrO,LlaMJi bomBUI MaE: rrpaBO BHKopHCTaHHJI H3 Tcpmopil cycUuiix ,Llep)J(3B cytlHOITJIaBHfLx WJJJlXiB p.napaHa i p.naparBaii. HaRB3)J(JIUBiwi 1l0PTu: ( y Epa3HJlii) EerreR, CaHToc, nopTo-Benxo, KopyM6a. MrnrnapottHi aeponopTu: Jla-nac(EJlb-AJlTo), CaHTa-Kpyc. TopriBJJJ\. EKCnOPT: BOJIbcjlpaMoBa pytla, OJIOB'ffifa pYtla, UHHKOBa py.n;a, Mit!lfa py,Lla, cpi6Ha pYLJ:a, BicMj'T, ra3, U)'KOp, ,LlepeBHHa, KaBa. IMITopT: rrpoMlicnoBe YCTan.)'BaHHH, MarrmHJi Ta MexaHi3MIf, TpaHCnOpTHi 3ac06lf, rrpOtlOBOJlbCTBO, npoMJiCnOBi TOBapH. HaHB3)J(JIlfBiwi napTHepll: ApreHTJiHa, Epa3HniJl, HiMe'P-IIf}fa, .HnoHiJl, BemfKo6plITaHiJl, CIlIA, HitlepnaHtlH, nepy, EeJlbriJI

22

TCI\Ia 6. Ii PA311JI 1lI

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TcpJITopiJI: 8 511 966 ((B. KII-!.

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011 000 ( 10 190 000), Eeny-Opi30HTe - 2 339 000 ( 3 056 000), CaJIbBa,Ll0p 2

000 000 ( 2 09-l 0(0), Epa3J1!liJi I 803 000, <l>opTa!le3a 1 764 000 ( 1 935 000),

HOBa - IrauY 1 498 000, KypiTi6a 1 391 000 ( I 768 000). nopry-Anerpi 1 371

000 ( 2 596 000), PecicPi 1 352 000 ( 2 495 000). EeJIeM I 190 000 ( 1 207 000),

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578000, Tepe3iHa 534 000, Maceiio 527 000.

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23


y36epe)IQJQI Epa'3I1JIii: p03~iJIeHO Ha l2 KaniTaHCTB 113 ()lco.QaJIaMJi, BaC3JI3MII KOpOJUI: yTBOpeHO ry6cpHaTopCTBo 'I LleHTpoM y MiCTi Eafut ( c~lacHc

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'30JIOTa; - 18-l9CT - nepio~ npOTHCTOffHHJI Mi)f( Epa3IlJIioo Ta fi MeTponoJIioo flopryraJIiflO; - 1807p. - nepei:3~ nopryraJIbChKoro KopoJIiBCbKOro ~BOpy B Pio-~c­ )f(aHcltpO. Epa3HJIiH - LleHTp nopryraJIbCbKOi MOHapxii:; - 18201'. - 6yp)f(j'a3Ha peBoJOOLliJl B £pa3JiJIii: KOPOJIb XyaH WOCTUll 3piKCJI Bi~ npeCTony Ha KOpUCTh CUHa; 18221'. Epa3HJIiJl nporOJIOllleHa HC3aJIe)f(HOFO ~Cp)f(aBoro ­ 6pa311JIbCbKOFO iMnepi E:ro; - 18881'. - CKacyBaHHJI pa6CTBa; - 18891'. - Epa3HJIiJl rrpOrOJIOllleHa pecny6JIiKoro; _ KiRI9-no"'{.20CT. - nOCJiJIeHHJI pOJIi aHrJIiilcbKOro KaniTany B eKoHoMiLli ~ep)f(3BU;

- KiH.19CT. - 60poTb6a CeJIJlHCTBa 3a 3eMJOO; _ 3 19451'_ - nOCUJIlmaCb po b aMeplll<3HCbKoro KaniTany B CKOHOMiLli ~ep)f(3BJi 3POCTaHHJI MiCT ( CaH-[layny, Pio-~e-)f(aHeilpo). nOcrynoBe nCpeTBopeHHJI £Pa3100i: 3 arpapHoi: B arpapHo-i~CTpiaJIbH)' ~ep)f(aBY: _ 1957-601'1'_ - n06y~oBaRa HOBa CTOJIHI.J)I - M. £pa'3llJIiJl. 3.cJ)opMa ~ep~aBIf [lpe3lmemChKa I' cny6JIiKa. epe~epaTlmHJlll YCTplIl. KJla,UaE:TbCJI 3 26 mraTiB Ta 1 epMepaJIbHOrO oKpyry. <1>e~epaJIbHi llITaTU: AMana ( MaKana), AMa30Hac ( MaHayc), AKpi ( Piy-6pam.-y), POMOHill ( nopry-BeJI'ro), napa ( £eJIeH), MaHT)'-rpocy ( KYJl6a), MapaHbffR ( CaH-JIyi'c), rOJlc ( rOJlHiJI), Thayi ( Tepe3iHa), Ceapa ( <1>opTaJIe3a), pH)'-rpaMi ~e Hopre ( HaTaJI), napai6a ( )f(yaH­ necoa), nepHaM6yKY ( Pecict>i), AJIaroac ( MaceRO), Cep)f(ini ( ApaK3)f(j'), Eafut ( CaJIbBa,Uop), MiHac-)f(epaic ( Eeny - Opi3oHTi), Ecnepiry-CaHT)' ( BiTOpiJI), Pio­ ~e-)f(aHeH:pO, CaH-nayny, napaHa ( Kypiri6a), PopaiMa ( Eoa-BHllITa), CaHTa­ KaTapiHa ( <1>JIOpiaHanoJIic), Piy-rpaMi-~-CYJI ( nopry-Anerpi), TOKaHTic ( naJIMac), MaHT)'-rpocy-~-CyJI ( Ka~IIIO-rpaH~i). <l>e~CpaJIbHlrn OKPYT ­ Epa3HJIiJl.

24

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iy.nei -

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90%, npoTeCTaHTll, npaBOCJIaBHi, 6Y.A.AHCTH -

6%,

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Tpu6yHaJI (BepxoBHHll cy.n rrpaBOCY.A.A5l) Ta perioHaJIhHi qJe.nepaJIhHl cy.nH . BHIIlHll Tpll6yHaJI (a60 BepxOBHHll cy.n rrpaBOCY.A.A5l) c cy.nOBOlO iHcraHWcro, HKa 3ri.nH0 3 KOHCTHT)'Uicro 1988p. nplfHnma Ha 3MiHy qJe.nepaJIhH.lfM aneAAItiHHIIM cy.naM. Blfll{lfiI Tpu6yflaJI CKJIa,naIThCH 3 33 cy.n.niB, HKi npH3Ha'lalOThCH npe31t):leHTOM 3a 3rO.Ll01O CeHaT)'. OCHOBHO'lO qJYHRWuo BUIUoro

TpoCTuHa, aneJIhC!IHlI, KYKYPy.n3a, COli, PlfC, rrmeHiIUJ!, KaB3, KaKaO, 6060Bi,

28

29

3eMeJThHi pecypcn: piJIJIjJ- 3.8%, CMU Ta ropo.nlf - 1%, naCOBHIIla _ 19.7%, nicu - 60%, iHmi - 15.5%. HailB3)f(JIUBimi pOCJIHlllii "1'JIhT)'PIl:U')'KpoBa


KapTonIDI, 6aBOBHa, apaxic, TlOTIOR, 6aHa"". Kay"'':'I<, COJTO,ll,Ka KaprOrrIDI, narrbMOBC HaciHWI. TBaplfHf01L(TBO: BPX, CBlfHapCTBO, BiB'lapCTBO, KOHJlpCTBO, p03BC,lI,CHWI BiCJllOKiB Ta KOCyJTb. KOpItCHi KOnaJIlrHIt: 3aJIi30. CipKa, MarHC3IIT, cpi6J10, ByriJTJUI. 30JTOTO, HaqlTa, MOPCbKa ciJIh. 60KClfTli. HiKCJIb, ra3, OJTOBO. ypaH. XpOM. BOJTMllpaM, URHK, <j)oc<j)aTll, cirrb, a36eCT, KaOJIiH. flepepo6Ha npoMlicrroBiCTb: BnrrrraBKa 3arri3a, aJllOMIHIIO, L(J1lllil', CTaJICBapiHWI, Bltpo6HlfL(TBO rp3HcnopTHRX 33c06iB, ueMcHry, enCKTpOHHa, xiMj'THa L()'KpOBa, ,lI,epeBoo6p06Ha, lIIKip5lHa, rrarrepOBa, B3yrreBa, M' 5ICH3 npOMHCJIOBiCTh. illJULXH crr0JIY'icHHJI ,D;oB)f(JIHa 3am3HIfL(b - 29 167 KM, 3 HItX 2 102 KJ\-f cnclITpmpiKoB3HO. ,D;oB)f(JlHa IUocemmx IllIDIxiB 1 661 850 KM, 3 fiIX 8% 3 TBepL{IIM nOKpIITTJlM. HaHBillKJIllBimi BO.LUIi illJI5lXIl: AM330HKa, TIapaHo, CaH-<1>paHUlICKo. HaHBa)KJIUBillli nopTH i npHCTaHi: MaRana. CaH-Ce6aCTb5lH ,CaHTOC, Pio­ ,lI,e-)J{aHeHpo, Peci<j)i, TIapaHaKBa. Mi>KHapo)J){i aeponopTlI: EerreM, Peci(lli ,CaJIhBMop. Epa311ni5l, MaHayc, TIopry-AJIerpi, Pio-,lI,e-)J{aHeHpO, CaH-TIayny. BOL{OCna.n Irauy. TopriBIDI EKcnopr: KaBa, npo.nyKTll xap'I)'BaHWI, TIOTIOH. 3aJIi3Ha py.na, MapraHeUb, rpaHCIToprID 3ac061l, .nepeBllR3. IMnopT: MaIlIlIHJI i ~lexaHi3MH, BepCTaTlI, npO.nyKT1I XIMI'IHOI rrpoMIlCJIOBOcri, OBo'ii. HaJi:B3)KJIUBirui napTHepH: AprCHTItH3. HiMCq'-fIlHa, 5hIOHi5l, Cay.!liBCbKa ApaBi5I, BeJIHK06pHTaHi5I, CillA, HinepJIaHL{lI.

30

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31


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53


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54

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1

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6

ceHaTopiB Ta 12 npe.ucTaBHHKiB, HKi 06HpalOTbc5I 'llleHaMl1 KOlKHO'l3

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56

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57


'1ali, Kyli, pyma. C05l, IIWeHIII~51, pll • ropox, 1101'1011, Oa1l3111I, apaxic, UilTpyCOBi. P03BHHYTO JliCOBe rocno apCTBO. TI3:lPIIIIIIIIIlTI30: BPX, CBllllapCTBO, BiB'13pCTBO, KOllllpCTBO. llepep06H3 IIpOM IICJlOBicTb: wKipllHa • llylipOB3. ~1·llCII3. 11.1 OJlO 'II 13. .IlepeBo06p06H3, TeIiCTIIJlblla, BI1p06HI',IlTBO lleMeHTy, POCJlllHHOro M3CJl3. TpaHcnopT )loB)f{IIHa 3aJTi3111111i - 497 "M. )loB)f{lIl1a wocellmlx UJJllIxil3 - II 320 I'M, 3 1111.>: 3 TRcpnml nO"pI1TT5IM ­ 20941iM. HaHBa)f{mtBiwi BHy1'pillJHi BO.llHi WJllIXI1: llapama~1. Ilapalla. M i)f{HapoD.H 11 H 3cponopT: ACyHCbOH. TopriBJlll. EKcnopr JlbOH, POCJlI1HHe MaCJlO, .IlepeBI1Ha, 1'I01'IOH, WKip3, M'lICO. IMnopT: naJTI1BHO-MaCTI1JlbHi Ma1'epiaJlI1, MawllHl1 Ta MeXaHi3MI1, 1'palicnopTHi 3ac0611, npOLlOBOJlbC1'80, MeTaJTI1, npo yKTl1 XiMi'IHO'I npOM IICJlOBOC1'i. HaHBa)f{JIHBiwi napTllepw Ap HHIHa, E>pa3I1nill. HiMe'l'lIl1la, CWA, H iLlepJlaH.IlH, ~ nOH ill, BeJll1K06pl1TaH ill, YpyrBaf'l, ITaJT ill, W BeH 1l3pill.

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58

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74

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P~IC, 111,011,

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- 1634p. - "laClIlJ13aIlO MiCTO Kaiiula:

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76

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<I>opMaT 60x841/8. IIanip <l>iH.6iJI.80 0<l>ceTHHH )J,PYK. YM.)J,p.apK. 11 THpa)l{ 300 eK3.

ISBN 966-95998-0-7

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(cepiH 3T N!d3 Bi)J, 05.07.2001 p.)


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