Suplemento San Pablo - Revista Caretas

Page 1

,QQRYDQGR SRU VX 6DOXG

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

1


Coordinaciรณn: SANDRA GOMEZ

$

VNQMJS Bร PT EF ร YJUPT FO FM DPNQFUJUJWP UFSSFOP EF MPT TFSWJDJPT EF TBMVE FT VOB TBUJTGBDDJร O RVF QPDBT JOTUJUVDJPOFT TF QVFEFO EBS &M $PNQMFKP )PTQJUBMBSJP 4BO 1BCMP $)41 DVNQMF EPT Eร DBEBT MJEFSBOEP FM NFSDBEP EF DMร OJDBT QSJWBEBT HSBDJBT B DVBUSP

QJMBSFT GVOEBNFOUBMFT VO TUBGG Nร EJDP EF FYDFMFODJB MB NFKPS Z Nร T NPEFSOB UFDOPMPHร B EFM QBร T VOB BUFODJร O QSFGFSFODJBM BM DMJFOUF Z VOB WFSEBEFSB DPODJFODJB TPDJBM &TUPT QJMBSFT IBO QFSNJUJEP BM $)41 BMDBO[BS Z TVQFSBS DPO DSFDFT MPT PCKFUJWPT

RVF TF USB[BSPO TVT GVOEBEPSFT BMMร QPS FM Bร P 4JO FNCBSHP UPEP FTUP OP IVCJFTF TJEP QPTJCMF TJO VO DPNQSPNJTP SFBM DPO MB TPDJFEBE 1BSB FM $)41 FTUF BOJWFSTBSJP SFQSFTFOUB UBNCJร O VO EFTBGร P NBZPS DPOUJOVBS B MB WBOHVBSEJB EF MPT

TFSWJDJPT EF TBMVE QPS NVDIBT Eร DBEBT Nร T Z QBSB DVNQMJSMP TPMP RVFEB NBOUFOFS Z EF TFS QPTJCMF TVQFSBS MBT NFUBT RVF IBTUB BIPSB TF IBO DVNQMJEP (SBDJBT B OVFTUSPT QBDJFOUFT B OVFTUSPT Nร EJDPT Z B OVFTUSPT DPMBCPSBEPSFT QPS FTUPT Bร PT EF TBUJTGBDDJPOFT Q

6HSDUDWD 3XEOLFLWDULD (VSHFLDO

/RV &LPLHQWRV GH OD ([FHOHQFLD

2

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

3

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

3


(O LQLFLR GH /D $YHQWXUD (Q OD &OtQLFD 6DQ 3DEOR DEULy VXV SXHUWDV 8QD KLVWRULD IDVFLQDQWH TXH HPSLH]D D HVFULELUVH

EF BHPTUP EF -B DMÓOJDB 4BO 1BCMP BCSF TVT QVFS UBT FO FM DPSB[ØO EF 4VSDP -PT NÏEJDPT GVOEBEPSFT UJFOFO TFOUJNJFOUPT FODPOUSBEPT VOB SBSB DPNCJOBDJØO EF FOUV TJBTNP EFTCPSEBEP Z OFSWJPTJTNP KVTUJGJDBEP

6HSDUDWD 3XEOLFLWDULD (VSHFLDO

i"CSJNPT FO VO NPNFOUP QPMÓUJDP DPNQMJ DBEP NVDIPT TF RVFSÓBO JS EFM QBÓT Z EF IFDIP NVDIPT MP IJDJFSPO 4JO FNCBSHP OVFT USB BQVFTUB GVF QPS FM QBÓTw SFDVFSEB FM %S +PTÏ «MWBSF[ #MBT DSFBEPS &DOLGH] \ PRGHUQLGDG VH FRPELQDQ HQ HO &+63 Z GVOEBEPS EFM IPZ $PNQMFKP )PTQJUBMBSJP OFHPDJPT FYJUPTPT FM $)41 TVSHJØ Z DSFDJØ QBSB DVCSJS 4BO 1BCMP VOB OFDFTJEBE OP DVCJFS UB i&O DVBOEP WVFMWP EL ORIGEN $PNP MB NBZPSÓB EF EF IBDFS NJ FTQFDJBMJEBE EF

4

DJSVHÓB DBSEJPWBT DVMBS FO #SBTJM FNQFDÏ B USBCB KBS FO FM IPTQJUBM (VJMMFSNP "MNF OBSB Z FO MBT UBS EFT NF EFEJDBCB B PQFSBS FO WBSJBT DMÓOJDBT QSJWBEBT &O FTB ÏQPDB OP IBCÓB JOGSBFTUSVD UVSB FTQFDJBMJ[B EB QBSB IBDFS DJSVHÓB DBSEJPWBT DVMBS BTÓ RVF UVWF RVF DPNQSBS NJT QSPQJPT FRVJQPT RVF USBTMBEBCB EF VO MVHBS B PUSP FO NJ DBNJP OFUB 0QFSBCB DPO NVDIB GSFDVFODJB B WFDFT UFOÓB /D VHGH SULQFLSDO GHO &+63 HQ 6XUFR IXH FUHFLHQGR DFRUGH FRQ ODV QHFHVLGDGHV GH ORV SDFLHQWHV +R\ DxRV GHVSXpV HV XQD ODV FOtQLFDV PiV UHTXHULGDV

4

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

IBTUB USFT PQFSBDJPOFT BM EÓB Z NF SFTVMUBCB NVZ JODØ NPEP FTUF USBTMBEPw FYQMJDB «MWBSF[ &O FTF NPNFOUP TVSHF MB JEFB EF DSFBS VO JOTUJUVUP EFM DPSB[ØO 1FSP QBSB FTP TF OFDFTJUBCBO SFDVSTPT 3FDJÏO FO TF BERVJF SF FM UFSSFOP Z VO B×P EFT QVÏT TF JOJDJB MB DPOTUSVD DJØO EF MB DMÓOJDB -B JEFB PSJHJOBM FSB BCSJS VO JOTUJUVUP EFM DPSB[ØO TJO FNCBSHP NJFOUSBT BWBO[BCB FM QSP ZFDUP MPT TPDJPT EFDJEFO BNQMJBS TVT FYQFDUBUJWBT Z BCSJS VOB DMÓOJDB HFOFSBM

$O SULQFLSLR IXH GXUR +DEtDQ GtDV TXH SDViEDPRV ODV KRUDV HVSHUDQGR VLQ TXH KXELHVH SDFLHQWHV +R\ UHDOL]DPRV PLO DWHQFLRQHV DO GtD

i&O DPOTUSVJNPT MB QSJNFSB UPSSF Z BMMÓ JOTUB MBNPT VOB TBMB EF PQFSB DJPOFT VOB VOJEBE EF DVJ EBEPT JOUFOTJWPT Z VOPT DPOTVMUPSJPT EF MPT RVF WFOEJNPT VOPT B MPT NÏEJDPT GVOEBEPSFT QBSB QPEFS UFOFS DBQJUBM QBSB TV JNQMFNFOUBDJØO "×P B B×P GVJNPT DPOTUSVZFO EP VO QJTP EF MB TFHVOEB UPSSF "M QSJODJQJP GVF EVSP )BCÓBO EÓBT RVF QBTÈCB NPT MBT IPSBT FTQFSBOEP B RVF IVCJFTFO QBDJFOUFT 1PDP B QPDP DBEB NÏEJDP FNQF[Ø B DBQUBS TVT QSP &$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

5

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

5


QJPT QBDJFOUFTw DPNFOUB «MWBSF[

6LHPSUH $UULED /DV FLIUDV GHPXHVWUDQ TXH HO &+63 KD FUHFLGR H[SRQHQFLDOPHQWH GHVGH VX LQDXJXUDFLyQ 3RU HMHPSOR IXHURQ ORV PpGLFRV IXQGDGRUHV GH OD FOtQLFD KR\ WUDEDMDQ DOUHGHGRU GH 'XUDQWH HO SULPHU DxR VH DWHQGtDQ D XQR SDFLHQWHV SRU GtD HO SURPHGLR DFWXDO HV GH DWHQFLRQHV GLDULDV 8QD VHGH SULQFLSDO GH SLVRV GLR SDVR D FOtQLFDV FRPSOHWDPHQWH HTXLSDGDV TXH SURQWR VH FRQYHUWLUiQ HQ

CRECIMIENTO SOSTENIDO

6HSDUDWD 3XEOLFLWDULD (VSHFLDO

6OB WF[ BCJFSUB MB TFEF EF 4VSDP TF JOJDJB VO GJSNF QSPDFTP EF DPOTPMJEBDJØO "TÓ FO TF UFSNJOB EF DPOTUSVJS MB TFHVOEB UPSSF EF 4BO 1BCMP (SBDJBT B TV QSFT UJHJP CJFO HBOBEP MB TFEF EF 4VSDP FNQJF[B B DBNJ OBS QSÈDUJDBNFOUF TPMB 4JO FNCBSHP -JNB FYQFSJNFOUB CB B GJOBMFT EF MPT VO DSF DJNJFOUP TPTUFOJEP HSBDJBT B VOB FDPOPNÓB FNFSHFOUF &T BTÓ RVF FO FTF NJTNP B×P TF JOBVHVSB FO 4BO +VBO EF .JSBGMPSFT MB 4FEF 4VS IPZ $MÓOJDB 4BOUB .BSÓB EFM 4VS QBSB PGSFDFS B FTUF BNQMJP TFDUPS EF MB QPCMB DJØO VO TFSWJDJP EF TBMVE EF BMUB DBMJEBE %PT B×PT EFT QVÏT BCSF TVT QVFSUBT FO FM EJTUSJUP EF *OEFQFOEFO DJB MB 4FEF /PSUF IPZ $MÓOJ DB +FTÞT EFM /PSUF "M B×P TJHVJFOUF TF JOBVHVSB MB $MÓ OJDB 4BO 1BCMP 4FEF )VBSB[ QBSB TBUJTGBDFS MB EFNBOEB EF TFSWJDJPT EF TBMVE FO MB [POB EFM $BMMFKØO EF )VB ZMBT &O FM TF JOBVHV SB MB $MÓOJDB 4BO (BCSJFM FO MB BWFOJEB -B .BSJOB 4BO .JHVFM RVF TF DBSBDUFSJ[B QPS TV NPEFSOB Z BNQMJB JOGSBFTUSVDUVSB &O FM FM EJTUSJUP NÈT QPCMBEP EFM 1FSÞ 4BO +VBO EF -VSJHBO

6

(O &+63 WLHQH SUR\HFWDGR FRQVWUXLU RWUDV PRGHUQDV FOtQLFDV TXH FXEULUiQ XQD GHPDQGD KDVWD HO PRPHQWR LQVDWLVIHFKD

(O VWDII PpGLFR GHO &+63 HVWi FRQIRUPDGR SRU PLO SURIHVLRQDOHV

(O WUDWR KXPDQR \ HO VHUYLFLR GH H[FHOHQFLD VRQ VXV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV 6

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

DIP ZB DPOUBCB DPO VOB DMÓ OJDB BDPSEF DPO MBT OFDF TJEBEFT EF MB TBMVE MJNF×B MB $MÓOJDB 4BO +VBO #BVUJTUB -B ÞMUJNB KPZB EFM (SVQP 4BO 1BCMP TF JOBVHVSØ FO FM WFSB OP EFM FO FM DPODVSSJEP #PVMFWBSE EF "TJB MB $MÓOJDB 4BO 1BCMP EF "TJB RVF PGSF DF B MPT WFSBOFBOUFT EF MBT QMBZBT TVSF×BT VO DFOUSP EF TBMVE EF QSJNFS OJWFM 4JO FNCBSHP HSBDJBT BM BQPZP EF TVT QBDJFOUFT FM $)41 OP QBSB EF DSFDFS Z EVSBOUF MPT ÞMUJNPT B×PT TF IBO BNQMJBEP Z NPEFSOJ[B EP DBEB VOB EF TVT DMÓOJDBT BEFNÈT TF UJFOFO QSPZFDUB EBT PUSBT NPEFSOBT DMÓOJDBT RVF TJO EVEB DVCSJSÈO VOB EFNBOEB IBTUB FM NPNFOUP JOTBUJTGFDIB Q

/DV KDELWDFLRQHV LQWHOLJHQWHV VRQ OD ~OWLPD QRYHGDG HQ HO &+63 &$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

7


6DOXG GH ÔOWLPD *HQHUDFLyQ /D LQFXUVLyQ GH OD WHFQRORJtD HQ HO iPELWR GH OD VDOXG KD DELHUWR XQ VLQItQ GH SRVLELOLGDGHV

-

B QSFDJTJØO EF MPT EJBHOØTUJDPT NÏEJ DPT EFQFOEF FO HSBO NFEJEB FO MB QPTJCJMJEBE RVF UFOHB FM NÏEJDP EF PCTFSWBS EFOUSP EFM DVFSQP EFM QBDJFOUF )BTUB IBDF BMHVOPT B×PT MPT FTQFDJBMJTUBT DPOUBCBO BQFOBT DPO MPT SBZPT 9 QBSB EFT DVCSJS UVNPSFT P BGFDDJPOFT JNQFSDFQUJCMFT FO VO DIFRVFP USBEJDJPOBM

6HSDUDWD 3XEOLFLWDULD (VSHFLDO

0DPyJUDIR GLJLWDO GH OD 8QLGDG GH 0DPD GHO &+63

8

7LQD HVSDFLDO +XEEDUG SDUD HO WUDWDPLHQWR GH TXHPDGRV 8

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

-BNFOUBCMFNFOUF MBT JNÈHFOFT RVF TF QPEÓBO DBQUBS FSBO NVZ QPCSFT Z OP BZVEBCBO FO DBTPT SFMB UJWBNFOUF DPNQMFKPT &O MPT ÞMUJNPT B×PT MPT BWBODFT FO MB UFDOPMPHÓB EF MBT JNÈHF OFT FO HFOFSBM IBO TVQFSBEP FYQFDUBUJWBT Z IBO JODVSTJP OBEP FO FM ÈNCJUP NÏEJDP &T FO FTUF DPOUFYUP RVF MPT UPNØHSBGPT Z SFTPOB EPSFT IBDFO TV BQBSJDJØO IBDJFOEP QPTJCMF JNÈHFOFT EFM JOUFSJPS EF DVFSQP JOJNB HJOBCMFT IBTUB FTF NPNFO UP 4JO FNCBSHP BM JHVBM RVF MBT DÈNBSBT GPUPHSÈ GJDBT Z EF WJEFP RVF IPZ PGSFDFO WJEFPT EF BMUB EFGJ OJDJØO DPNQBSBCMFT DPO MB SFBMJEBE MB OVFWB HFOFSB DJØO EF FTUPT FRVJQPT NÏEJ DPT EF EJBHOØTUJDP QPS JNÈ HFOFT UJFOF MB DBQBDJEBE EF PGSFDFS IBTUB FM NÈT NÓOJNP EFUBMMF EF MBT [POBT NÈT EJGÓDJMFT EFM DVFSQP IVNBOP &O FM 1FSÞ FM $PNQMFKP )PTQJUBMBSJP 4BO 1BCMP FT MB JOTUJUVDJØO RVF DVFOUB DPO MPT FRVJQPT NÈT NPEFSOPT RVF MB UFDOPMPHÓB BQMJDBEB

B MB NFEJDJOB QVFEF PGSF DFS QPOJÏOEPMP B MB WBO HVBSEJB EFM SVCSP NÏEJDP FO FM QBÓT -B ÞMUJNB BERVJTJ DJØO EFM $)41 FT VO OVFWP SFTPOBEPS NBHOÏUJDP JOTUB MBEP BQFOBT IBDF VO NFT RVF UJFOF VOB SFTPMVDJØO EF UFTMBT &TUF FRVJQP QFS NJUF PGSFDFS JNÈHFOFT NVZ OÓUJEBT RVF PGSFDFO EFUBMMFT NVZ GJOPT JODMVTP FO UFKJEPT CMBOEPT Z ØTFPT &M %S "NBEPS 7BSHBT EJSFDUPS NÏEJDP EFM $)41 BTFHVSB RVF FTUF UJQP EF FRVJQPT QFSNJUF SFBMJ[BS EJBHOØTUJDPT NVDIP NÈT FGJDBDFT FO NFOPT UJFNQP i"EFNÈT FT VO TJTUFNB OP JOWBTJWP RVF OP FNJUF SBEJB DJØO BMHVOB Z RVF BEFNÈT SFQSFTFOUB VOB BZVEB GVO EBNFOUBM QBSB FM NÏEJDPw B×BEF 0USP EF MPT FRVJQPT RVF EFTUBDB FO FM $)41 FT FM UPNØHSBGP NVMUJDPSUF RVF PGSFDF MB QPTJCJMJEBE EF SFB MJ[BS IBTUB DPSUFT TFSJB MFT RVF EBO DPNP SFTVMUB EP VOB JNBHFO DBTJ QFSGFD UB EF ØSHBOPT FO NPWJNJFO

7HFQRORJtD HQ SOHQR UHVRQDGRU PDJQpWLFR \ HFyJUDIR ' SHUPLWHQ GLDJQyVWLFRV FHUWHURV VHJXURV \ HQ SRFR WLHPSR

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

9

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

9


UP DPNP FM DPSB[ØO -PT FDØHSBGPT DPO MPT RVF DVFOUB FM $)41 UBN CJÏO TPO EF ÞMUJNB HFOF SBDJØO Z TPO GVOEBNFOUB MFT QBSB DPOPDFS FM EFTB SSPMMP EFM GFUP Z EF MPT ØSHB OPT BCEPNJOBMFT -B UFDOP MPHÓB % QFSNJUF IBDFSTF VOB JEFB DMBSB EF QPTJCMFT NBMGPSNBDJPOFT P QBUPMP HÓBT NVDIP BOUFT EFM OBDJ NJFOUP UNIDADES ESPECIALIZADAS

6HSDUDWD 3XEOLFLWDULD (VSHFLDO

"EFNÈT EF MPT FRVJQPT UFDOPMØHJDPT FM $)41 DVFO UB UBNCJÏO DPO VOB TFSJF EF VOJEBEFT FTQFDJBMJ[BEBT QBSB MB BUFODJØO FTQFDÓGJDB EF QBDJFOUFT -B 6OJEBE EF 2VFNBEPT QPS FKFNQMP FTUÈ FRVJQBEB DPO UJOBT Z DBNBT FTQFDJBMFT QBSB USBUBS RVF

10

$FHOHUDGRU OLQHDO TXH SHUPLWH RIUHFHU WUDWDPLHQWRV GH UDGLRWHUDSLD \ UDGLRFLUXJtD HQ FDVRV GH FiQFHU

(O &+63 FXHQWD FRQ ORV HTXLSRV PiV PRGHUQRV TXH OD WHFQRORJtD DSOLFDGD D OD PHGLFLQD SXHGH RIUHFHU

/D FiPDUD KLSHUEiULFD VH XWLOL]D SDUD DPSOLDU OD FDSDFLGDG GH WUDQVSRUWH GHO R[tJHQR GLVXHOWR HQ HO SODVPD VDQJXtQHR

NBEVSBT EF EJTUJOUPT HSBEPT &O FTUPT BNCJFOUFT FTQFDJB MFT MPT QBDJFOUFT MPHSBO SFDV QFSBSTF DPO NBZPS SBQJEF[ Z DPO NFOPT EPMPS $POTDJFOUF EF RVF FM DÈO DFS EF NBNB FT VO EVSP GMB HFMP QBSB MB NVKFS FM $)41 IB JNQMFNFOUBEP MB 6OJEBE EF .BNB RVF JOUFHSB B VO FRVJQP NVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSJP EF SFDPOPDJEPT FTQFDJBMJTUBT FO FM EJBHOØTUJDP Z USBUBNJFOUP EF FTUB FOGFSNFEBE &M *OTUJUVUP EFM $PSB[ØO MB 6OJEBE EF 4VC &TQFDJB MJEBEFT 1FEJÈUSJDBT FM *OTUJ UVUP EF 0UPSSJOPMBSJOHPMPHÓB MB 6OJEBE EF $JSVHÓB #BSJÈ USJDB Z FM $FOUSP 0ODPMØHJDP 4BO 1BCMP DPOGPSNBO FOUSF PUSPT EFQBSUBNFOUPT MPT $FOUSPT EF &YDFMFODJB FO MP RVF B BUFODJPOFT NÏEJDBT TF SFGJFSF Q

10

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

11


FOTO: LUIS JULIAN

/RV DOXPQRV GHO , 6 7 6DQ 3DEOR VH FDSDFLWDQ HQ VLHWH GLIHUHQWHV FDUUHUDV WpFQLFDV 'HUHFKD (Q HO LQWHUQDGR TXH RIUHFH OD FOtQLFD ORV DOXPQRV GHO ~OWLPR DxR GH PHGLFLQD DSUHQGHQ FRQ ORV PHMRUHV PpGLFRV \ HTXLSRV

&ODVH 0DHVWUD

´(V XQ KHFKR TXH OD GRFHQFLD SUHVWLJLD D XQ FHQWUR KRVSLWDODULR HQ FXDOTXLHU SDUWH GHO PXQGRµ

6HSDUDWD 3XEOLFLWDULD (VSHFLDO

/D GRFHQFLD HV XQR GH ORV REMHWLYRV FXPSOLGRV GH ORV IXQGDGRUHV GHO &RPSOHMR +RVSLWDODULR 6DQ 3DEOR

12

6

OP EF MPT PCKFUJWPT NÈT DMBSPT EF MPT NÏEJDPT GVOEBEPSFT EFM $PNQMFKP )PTQJUBMBSJP 4BO 1BCMP FSB DPOWFSUJS FTUB JOTUJUVDJØO EF TBMVE FO VO DFOUSP EF FOTF×BO[B Z DBQBDJUBDJØO RVF FTUVWJFSB B MB QBS EF DVBMRVJFS IPTQJUBM EPDFOUF EFM QBÓT

&SB TJO EVEB VO PCKFUJWP BNCJDJP TP TPCSF UPEP TJ UFOFNPT FO DVFOUB RVF TPMP MPT IPTQJUBMFT NÈT HSBOEFT F JNQPSUBOUFT EFM QBÓT DVFOUBO DPO MB JOGSBFTUSVDUVSB Z MB DBTVÓTUJDB OFDFTB SJB QBSB IBDFSMP &M %S $BSMPT $BMMF TVCHFSFOUF HFOFSBM Z KFGF EFM JOUFSOBEP EFM $)41 12

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

DVFOUB RVF UPEPT MPT NÏEJDPT RVF FNQSFOEJFSPO MB BWFOUVSB EF GVOEBS FM $)41 UFOÓBO VOB GVFSUF GPSNBDJØO BDBEÏNJDB Z FTUBCBO BDPTUVNCSBEPT B IBDFS EPDFODJB i.VDIPT WFOÓBNPT EFM IPTQJUBM "MNFOBSB Z EFM $BZFUB OP )FSFEJB EPT EF MPT DFOUSPT IPTQJ UBMBSJPT BDBEÏNJDPT NÈT JNQPSUBOUFT

0RGHUQR ORFDO GHO , 6 7 6DQ 3DEOR HQ ,QGHSHQGHQFLD

EFM QBÓT FOUPODFT FM ACJDIJ UP EF MB EPDFODJB TJFNQSF FTUVWP QSFTFOUF FOUSF OPTP USPT "EFNÈT FT VO IFDIP RVF MB EPDFODJB QSFTUJHJB B VO DFOUSP IPTQJUBMBSJP FO DVBMRVJFS QBSUF EFM NVOEPw FYQMJDB "TÓ FO B TPMP B×PT EF IBCFS JOBVHVSBEP MB DMÓOJDB BCSFO FM *OTUJUV UP 4VQFSJPS 5FDOPMØHJDP 4BO 1BCMP &O VO QSJODJQJP TPMP DPOUBCBO DPO BMVNOPT RVF FTUVEJBCBO DBSSFSBT UÏD OJDBT DPNP FOGFSNFSÓB GBS NBDJB P NFEJDJOB EF SFIBCJ MJUBDJØO &M ÏYJUP EF EJDIP JOT &$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

13

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

13


*UDFLDV D VX SUHSDUDFLyQ HOORV VHUiQ ORV GRFHQWHV GH PHGLFLQD GHO IXWXUR SFT UPEPT NÏEJDPT SFDPOP DJEPT FO TVT FTQFDJBMJEB EFT UBNCJÏO BQSFOEFNPT B VTBS MPT NFKPSFT FRVJQPT EF EJBHOØTUJDP DPO UFDOP MPHÓB EF QVOUB BMHP RVF FO OJOHÞO IPTQJUBM IVCJÏTF NPT QPEJEP FODPOUSBS 1PS ÞMUJNP EFCJEP B MB HSBO HBNB EF FTQFDJBMJEBEFT MB DBTVÓTUJDB RVF FODPO USBNPT OP UJFOF OBEB RVF FOWJEJBS B MPT IPTQJUBMFT EPDFOUFT NÈT HSBOEFTw FYQMJDB .PMJOB -PT JOUFSOPT RVF QBTB SPO QPS FM JOUFSOBEP FO FM

(O DFFHVR GH ORV LQWHUQRV D ORV HTXLSRV WHFQROyJLFRV GH GLDJQyVWLFR HV WRWDO $)41 TPO IPZ QSPGFTJPOBMFT NVZ CJFO GPSNBEPT NVDIPT EF FMMPT TF FTQFDJBMJ[BSPO FO DBSEJPMPHÓB DJSVHÓB JOUFS WFODJPOJTUB P DBSEJPWBTDV MBS FO #SBTJM 0USPT TF IBO

JEP B &TUBEPT 6OJEPT QBSB FTQFDJBMJ[BSTF FO PGUBMNPMP HÓB P VSPMPHÓB : PUSPT USBCB KBO FO MPT NFKPSFT IPTQJUBMFT EF -JNB #BTUB DPOWFSTBS VOPT

NJOVUPT DPO FMMPT QBSB DPO GJSNBS RVF DPNP TVT QSP GFTPSFT FMMPT TFSÈO MPT EPDFOUFT RVF GPSNFO B MPT NÏEJDPT EFM GVUVSP FO OVFT USP QBÓT Q

/RV LQWHUQRV GH OD &63 FRPELQDQ FODVHV WHyULFDV FRQ OD PHMRU FDSDFLWDFLyQ HQ ORV GLVWLQWRV VHUYLFLRV TXH RIUHFH OD FOtQLFD UJUVUP GVF QSPQPSDJPOBM B TV QSFTUJHJP Z IPZ DVFOUB DPO NÈT EF FTUVEJBOUFT JOTDSJUPT FO DBSSFSBT

6HSDUDWD 3XEOLFLWDULD (VSHFLDO

AULA MAGNA

14

"M B×P EF BCJFSUP FM JOTUJ UVUP MPT NÏEJDPT TF TBCÓBO FO MB DBQBDJEBE EF JS VO QPDP NÈT BMMÈ "TÓ FNQF[Ø FO FM FM JOUFSOBEP NÏEJ DP FO FM $)41 HSBDJBT BM DVBM MPT NFKPSFT FTUVEJBOUFT EF NFEJDJOB EF MBT VOJWFSTJEB EFT NÈT QSFTUJ HJPTBT EFM QBÓT QBTBO TV ÞMUJNP B×P EF FTUV EJPT FO 4BO 1BCMP i5FOF NPT DPOWFOJPT DPO WBSJBT VOJWFSTJEBEFT MB 6OJWFSTJ EBE /BDJPOBM EF 5SVKJMMP Z MB 6OJWFSTJEBE 1SJWBEB "OUF OPS 0SSFHP EF 5SVKJMMP DPO MB 6OJWFSTJEBE $BUØMJDB 4BOUB

.BSÓB EF "SFRVJQB MB 6OJWFS TJEBE 4BO .BSUÓO EF 1PSSFT Z MB 6OJWFSTJEBE $JFOUÓGJDB EFM 4VS EF -JNBw FYQMJDB FM EPD UPS $BMMF $BEB QSPNPDJØO EF JOUFS OPT FTUÈ DPOGPSNBEB QPS BMVNOPT FO QSPNFEJP MB NJUBE WJFOF EF VOJWFSTJEB EFT EFM JOUF SJPS EF QBÓT i" FMMPT MFT QBHB NPT TVT HBT UPT EF IPTQF EBKF Z BMJNFO UBDJØO EVSBOUF TV FTUBEÓB FO -JNBw DVFOUB $BMMF 1BSB 3PESJ HP .PMJOB F T U V E J B O U F EFM ÞMUJNP B×P EF MB 6OJWFSTJEBE $JFOUÓGJ DB EFM 4VS MB EFDJTJØO EF FMFHJS IBDFS TV JOUFSOBEP FO FM $)41 GVF TJO MVHBS B EVEBT MB NFKPS i&O MB DMÓOJDB OP TPMP DPOUBNPT DPO MPT NFKPSFT QSPGFTP

´&RQWDPRV FRQ ORV PHMRUHV SURIHVRUHV \ DSUHQGHPRV D XVDU ORV PiV PRGHUQRV HTXLSRV GH GLDJQyVWLFRµ

14

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

0iV GH DOXPQRV HVWXGLDQ FDUUHUDV WpFQLFDV GLIHUHQWHV HQ HO , 6 7 6DQ 3DEOR &$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

15

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

15


/RV DILOLDGRV DO 3ODQ )DPLOLDU 6DOXG 6DQ 3DEOR GHO &+63 DFFHGHQ D OD WRWDOLGDG GH HVSHFLDOLGDGHV D XQ SUHFLR EDVWDQWH DFFHVLEOH

7UDQTXLOLGDG )DPLOLDU /DV P~OWLSOHV YHQWDMDV GHO 3ODQ )DPLOLDU 6DOXG 6DQ 3DEOR

-

6HSDUDWD 3XEOLFLWDULD (VSHFLDO

B CVFOB TBMVE EF UPEB MB GBNJMJB FT TJO EVEB VOP EF MPT QSJODJQBMFT BOIFMPT EF MPT QBESFT -B QPTJCJMJEBE EF BUFO EFSTF FO VOB DMÓOJDB QSJWBEB DPO MBT WFOUBKBT RVF FTUP JNQMJDB SFQSFTFOUB VOB USBORVJMJEBE QBSB DVBMRVJFS QFSTPOB

16

8QD GH ODV YHQWDMDV GHO 3ODQ )DPLOLDU 6DOXG 6DQ 3DEOR HV OD DWHQFLyQ GH HPHUJHQFLDV D GRPLFLOLR DGHPiV GHO WUDVODGR HQ PRGHUQDV DPEXODQFLDV 16

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&M $)41 PGSFDF FTUB PQPSUVOJEBE B VO QSFDJP NÈT BDDFTJCMF TJ MPT DPN QBSBNPT DPO MPT QSPEVDUPT RVF PGSFDFO MBT DPNQB×ÓBT EF TFHVSPT F JODMVTP DPO MBT &NQSFTBT 1SFTUBEPSBT EF 4BMVE &14 "TÓ FM 1MBO 'BNJMJBS 4BMVE 4BO 1BCMP EFM $)41 PGSFDF BEFNÈT EF DPOTVM UBT BNCVMBUPSJBT JMJNJUBEBT FO UPEBT MBT FTQFDJBMJEB EFT DPO VO DPQBHP NÓOJ NP VOB BNQMJB DPCFSUVSB FO IPTQJUBMJ[BDJØO Z DJSV HÓBT BUFODJPOFT PEPOUPMØ HJDBT NBUFSOJEBE FNFS HFODJBT B EPNJDJMJP Z USBUB NJFOUPT PODPMØHJDPT 5BN CJÏO VOB DPCFSUVSB FTQF DJBM EF FNFSHFODJBT FO WJB KFT UBOUP OBDJPOBMFT DPNP JOUFSOBDJPOBMFT +PSHF 1JOFEB HFSFO UF EF EFTBSSPMMP EFM $)41 FYQMJDB RVF FM 1MBO 'BNJMJBS 4BMVE 4BO 1BCMP EFM $)41 FNQF[Ø B GVODJPOBS IBDF B×PT Z IPZ DVFOUB DPO NÈT EF NJM BGJMJBEPT i.ÈT BMMÈ EF MB DBMJEBE EF BUFO DJØO Z MB DPCFSUVSB MB QSJO DJQBM WFOUBKB EF FTUF TJTUF NB FT FM QSFDJP (SBDJBT B RVF OP JOUFSWJFOFO DPNQB ×ÓBT EF TFHVSPT FTUF QMBO QVFEF SFQSFTFOUBS VO BIP SSP SFBM EF IBTUB FM FO SFMBDJØO B PUSBT BMUFSOBUJ WBTw FYQMJDB &M 1MBO 'BNJMJBS 4BMVE 4BO 1BCMP EFM $)41 QFS NJUF RVF MPT BGJMJBEPT QVF EBO BUFOEFSTF FO DVBM RVJFSB EF MBT DMÓOJDBT EFM $PNQMFKP )PTQJUBMBSJP 4BO 1BCMP %F FTUB NBOFSB OP IBZ OFDFTJEBE EF USBTMB EBSTF HSBOEFT EJTUBODJBT QBSB FODPOUSBS VOB DMÓOJDB DFSDB EF TV MVHBS EF SFTJ EFODJB &TUF QMBO UJFOF BEF NÈT USFT EJGFSFOUFT PQDJP OFT MPT TFSWJDJPT JOUFHSBMFT 1MVT (PME Z 1MBUJOVN DBEB VOP EF FMMPT DPO TVT QSP QJBT WFOUBKBT RVF TF BNPM EBO QFSGFDUBNFOUF B MBT QPTJCJMJEBEFT Z OFDFTJEB EFT EF DBEB QBDJFOUF Q &$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

17


/DV &ODYHV 'HO e[LWR

(O 'U -RVp ÉOYDUH] IXQGDGRU GHO &+63 DVHJXUD HVWDU SUHSDUDGR SDUD OD JUDQ WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GH OD VDOXG HQ HO 3HU~ 3RU OR SURQWR \D HVWiQ FRQVWUX\HQGR FOtQLFDV PX\ ELHQ HTXLSDGDV

¢

6HSDUDWD 3XEOLFLWDULD (VSHFLDO

&XiOHV VRQ ODV FDUDFWH UtVWLFDV TXH KDQ KHFKR GHO &RPSOHMR +RVSLWDODULR 6DQ 3DEOR XQR GH ORV SULQ FLSDOHV HVWDEOHFLPLHQWRV GH VDOXG GHO SDtV" o6OB EF OVFTUSBT NÈT HSBOEFT QSFPDVQBDJPOFT

18

FT MPHSBS MB NÈT BMUB DBMJ EBE EF BUFODJØO BM DMJFOUF &T VO DPODFQUP RVF WFOJNPT USBCBKBOEP IBDF NÈT EF B×PT Z IFNPT MPHSBEP GPS NBS VO HSVQP IVNBOP NÏEJ DP Z BENJOJTUSBUJWP NVZ CJFO DBQBDJUBEP DBQB[ EF SFTPM WFS DVBMRVJFS JORVJFUVE EF OVFTUSPT DMJFOUFT &M DSFDJ NJFOUP EF MB DMÓOJDB OPT IB FYJHJEP UBNCJÏO DPOUBS DPO FM NFKPS FRVJQBNJFOUP B OJWFM UFDOPMØHJDP EFM QBÓT )BDF NFOPT EF VO NFT IFNPT JOTUBMBEP QPS FKFNQMP FM NÈT NPEFSOP SFTPOBEPS NBHOÏUJ DP RVF QFSNJUF PGSFDFS EJBH OØTUJDPT NÈT DFSUFSPT Z TF 18

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

/D &OtQLFD -HV~V GHO 1RUWH XELFDGD HQ ,QGHSHQGHQFLD DWLHQGH DOUHGHGRU GH SDFLHQWHV SRU GtD

´+HPRV ORJUDGR IRUPDU XQ JUXSR KXPDQR FDSD] GH UHVROYHU FXDOTXLHU LQTXLHWXG GH QXHVWURV FOLHQWHVµ

TVNB B MPT PUSPT FRVJQPT EF ÞMUJNB HFOFSBDJØO DPO MPT RVF ZB DPOUBCB MB DMÓOJDB ²/D LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD GHO &+63 WDPELpQ KD VLGR IXQGDPHQWDO SDUD RIUHFHU XQ PHMRU VHUYLFLR o"TÓ FT :B TPO B×PT Z DPNP UPEP MB JOGSBFTUSVD UVSB UBNCJÏO FOWFKFDF 1PS FTUB SB[ØO IFNPT FNQSFO EJEP IBDF B×P Z NFEJP VO QSPDFTP EF NPEFSOJ[BDJØO EF MPT BNCJFOUFT EF MB DMÓ OJDB )PZ FO FM $)41 FYJTUF MB QSJNFSB IBCJUBDJØO JOUF MJHFOUF EFM QBÓT FRVJQBEB DPO MB UFDOPMPHÓB OFDFTB SJB QBSB PGSFDFS MB NBZPS DPNPEJEBE BM QBDJFOUF &O FTUB IBCJUBDJØO TF FODVFO USBO EJTQPTJUJWPT RVF MF QFS NJUFO B VO QBDJFOUF BDDF EFS B UPEBT MBT DPNPEJEB EFT CÈTJDBT TJO RVF UFOHB RVF MFWBOUBSTF EF MB DBNB ²/DV FLIUDV FRQILUPDQ HO p[LWR GHO &+63 ¢FXiQ WRV ORFDOHV WLHQH OD FOtQL FD \ D FXiQWDV SHUVRQDV DWLHQGH" o"DUVBMNFOUF DPOUB NPT DPO MPDBMFT FO -JNB Z VOP FO )VBSB[ FO EPOEF TF SFBMJ[BO BQSPYJNBEBNFO UF NJM BUFODJPOFT BNCVMB UPSJBT UPEPT MPT EÓBT "EF NÈT UFOFNPT VOBT IPT QJUBMJ[BDJPOFT BM EÓB Z IBDF NPT VOBT DJSVHÓBT BM EÓB -B DMÓOJDB +FTÞT EFM /PSUF VCJDBEB FO FM MÓNJUF EF -PT 0MJWPT F *OEFQFOEFODJB FT FM MPDBM EPOEF NÈT BUFODJP OFT BNCVMBUPSJBT SFBMJ[B NPT TFHVJEB EF MB DMÓOJDB 4BO (BCSJFM FO 4BO .JHVFM

FOTO: LUIS JULIAN

(O 'U -RVp ÉOYDUH] %ODV IXQGDGRU \ JHUHQWH JHQHUDO GHO &+63 KDEOD VREUH HO SUHVHQWH \ HO IXWXUR GH OD LQVWLWXFLyQ

5PEPT OVFTUSPT MPDBMFT FTUÈO FRVJQBEPT DPO MP ÞMUJNP FO UFDOPMPHÓB NÏEJDB Z VO TUBGG NÏEJDP EF NVDIP QSFTUJHJP ²'HVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD PpGLFR ¢FXiO KD VLGR HO VHFUHWR GHO p[LWR GHO &+63" o/VFTUSP FRVJQP NÏEJDP FT DBQB[ EF SFTPMWFS UPEP UJQP EF QBUPMPHÓBT EFTEF MBT NÈT TJNQMFT IBTUB MBT NÈT DPNQMFKBT 5FOFNPT NÏEJDPT NVZ WFSTÈUJMFT Z BEFNÈT NVZ FTQFDJBMJ[B EPT FO FTQFDJBM FO DBSEJP MPHÓB RVF USBCBKBO FO OVFT USP *OTUJUVUP EFM $PSB[ØO ²(O IXWXUR HV VLQ GXGD

SDUD HO &+63 ´(VWDPRV DOHQWDGRU ¢TXp VH YLHQH HQ ORV FRQVWUX\HQ SUy[LPRV PHVHV" o5FOFNPT QSPZFDUPT NVZ GR WUHV BNCJDJPTPT QBSB DPOUJOVBS FOtQLFDV DPO FM DSFDJNJFOUP EFM HSVQP ZB FO QSPDFTP EF TXH VH &TUBNPT DPOTUSVDDJØO EF USFT DMÓOJDBT VXPDQ D ODV OVFWBT 6OB FO 4BO #PSKB EF GÓTJDB Z SFIBCJMJUB TXH \D NFEJDJOB DJØO 6OB DMÓOJDB HFOFSBM FO WHQHPRV HQ 4BO +VBO EF .JSBGMPSFT Z PUSB 5SVKJMMP UBNCJÏO FRVJQB /LPD \ HQ FO EB DPO MB NFKPS UFDOPMPHÓB +XDUD]µ -B NFEJDJOB FO FM 1FSÞ WB B DBNCJBS SBEJDBMNFOUF FO MPT QSØYJNPT B×PT Z FTUB NPT QSFQBSBEPT QBSB FOGSFO UBS FTB USBOTGPSNBDJØO Q

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

19

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

19


´(O p[LWR GH 6DQ 3DEOR UDGLFD HQ TXH VDEHPRV LGHQWLILFDU ODV QHFHVLGDGHV SRFR VDWLVIHFKDV GH ORV SDFLHQWHVµ

/D FOtQLFD GH UHKDELOLWDFLyQ FRQWDUi FRQ SLVRV \ VyWDQRV HTXLSDGRV SDUD WUDWDU WRGR WLSR GH OHVLRQHV ItVLFDV

6DOXGDEOH ([SDQVLyQ 6HSDUDWD 3XEOLFLWDULD (VSHFLDO

/RV QXHYRV SUR\HFWRV GH OD FOtQLFD VH XQHQ D ODV FOtQLFDV TXH \D IXQFLRQDQ HQ HO SDtV

20

-

BT DMÓOJDBT RVF DPOGPSNBO FM $PN QMFKP )PTQJUBMBSJP 4BO 1BCMP TF VCJ DBO FOUSF MBT FOUJEBEFT EF TBMVE NÈT DPODVSSJEBT Z EF NBZPS QSFTUJHJP EFM QBÓT " MB $MÓOJDB 4BO 1BCMP EF 4VSDP Z B MBT DMÓOJDBT 4BO (BCSJFM EF 4BO .JHVFM +FTÞT EFM /PSUF EF *OEFQFOEFODJB 4BOUB .BSÓB EFM 4VS FO 4BO +VBO EF .JSBGMPSFT 4BO +VBO #BVUJTUB EF 4BO +VBO EF -VSJ HBODIP 4BO 1BCMP EF "TJB Z 4BO 1BCMP EF )VBSB[ TF TVNBSÈO PUSPT USFT QSPZFD UPT RVF FTUBSÈO MJTUPT FO FM 20

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&OtQLFD TXH VH HPSLH]D D FRQVWUXLU HQ 7UXMLOOR WHQGUi SLVRV

&M QSJNFSP VOB DMÓOJDB EF NFEJDJOB GÓTJDB Z SFIB CJMJUBDJØO RVF FTUBSÈ VCJ DBEB FO MB BWFOJEB 1SJNB WFSB FO 4BO #PSKB VOB DMÓ OJDB HFOFSBM VCJDBEB FO 4BO +VBO EF .JSBGMPSFT RVF QFSNJUJSÈ BUFOEFS BM QÞCMJDP EF UPEP FM DPOP TVS Z PUSB DMÓOJDB HFOFSBM RVF TF VCJDBSÈ FO MB DJVEBE EF 5SVKJMMP 6OP EF MPT QSPZFDUPT NÈT FTQFDUBDVMBSFT FT MB DMÓOJDB EF NFEJDJOB GÓTJDB Z SFIBCJMJUBDJØO EF 4BO #PSKB $POUBSÈ DPO QJTPT Z TØUBOPT FO EPOEF TF JOT UBMBSÈO NPEFSOPT FRVJQPT RVF QFSNJUBO USBUBS EFTEF VOB MFWF MFTJØO IBTUB IFNJ QMFKÓBT DPNQMFKBT "EFNÈT TF DPOTUSVJSÈ VO DPNQMFUP TQB RVF TFSWJSÈ QBSB SFBMJ [BS MBT UFSBQJBT OFDFTBSJBT QBSB FM USBUBNJFOUP EF MFTJP OFT 4V JOBVHVSBDJØO TF SFBMJ[BSÈ BQSPYJNBEBNFOUF B NFEJBEPT EFM 4FHÞO (BCSJFM «MWB SF[ %JSFDUPS &KFDVUJWP EFM $)41 FTUB DMÓOJDB MMFOBSÈ VO WBDÓP FO FTUB FTQFDJB MJEBE i)FNPT WFOJEP BUFO EJFOEP FTUF UJQP EF FTQF DJBMJEBE FO UPEPT OVFTUSPT MPDBMFT TJO FNCBSHP OPT RVFEØ DIJDP FM FTQBDJP Z WJNPT VOB HSBO PQPSUVOJ EBE QBSB USBUBS DBTPT DPNP FTUPTw B×BEJØ "EFNÈT BDPUØ i$SFP RVF FM ÏYJUP EF 4BO 1BCMP SBEJDB FO RVF TBCFNPT JEFOUJGJDBS MBT OFDFTJEBEFT QPDP TBUJTGFDIBT EF MPT

/D &OtQLFD 6DQ *DEULHO GH 6DQ 0LJXHO UHDOL]D DWHQFLRQHV WRGRV ORV GtDV QBDJFOUFT &O UPEPT OVFT USPT MPDBMFT MMFOBNPT VO WBDÓP FO BUFODJØO NÏEJDB Z FM QÞCMJDP SFTQPOEF TJFN QSF EF NBOFSB QPTJUJWB B FTUPT FTGVFS[PTw PQJOB &M PUSP HSBO QSPZFDUP RVF TF FTUÈ JNQMFNFOUBO EP FT VOB DMÓOJDB HFOFSBM EF QJTPT DPOTVMUPSJPT Z IBCJUBDJPOFT FO 5SV KJMMP &TUBSÈ FRVJQBEB DPO MB ÞMUJNB UFDOPMPHÓB NÏEJ DB Z MPT NFKPSFT NÏEJDPT EF FTB SFHJØO &TUB DMÓOJDB FNQF[BSÈ B DPOTUSVJSTF FO VOPT QPDPT EÓBT Z TF BCSJSÈ BM QÞCMJDP BQSPYJNBEBNFO UF FO VO B×P i5SVKJMMP FT VOB DJVEBE RVF IB DSFDJEP NVDIP FO MPT ÞMUJNPT B×PT Z TV JOGSBFTUSVD UVSB NÏEJDB OP IB BWBO[BEP B MB QBS &YJTUF VO HSBO TFDUPS EF MB QPCMBDJØO USVKJMMBOB EFT BUFOEJEB Z OPTPUSPT RVFSF NPT MMFOBS FTUF IVFDPw FYQMJ DØ «MWBSF[ Q *DEULHO ÉOYDUH] &$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

21

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

21


%XHQ &RUD]yQ

(O &OXE GH 1LxRV $]XOHV \D KD RSHUDGR D PiV GH QLxRV FRQ FDUGLRSDWtDV FRQJpQLWDV

&

M DPODFQUP 3FTQPOTB CJMJEBE 4PDJBM FT SFMB UJWBNFOUF OVFWP Z IPZ FYJTUFO QPDBT FNQSFTBT HSBOEFT RVF OP DVFOUFO DPO QSPHSBNBT EFEJDBEPT B PGSF DFS BZVEB TPDJBM B MBT QFS TPOBT RVF NÈT MP OFDFTJ

UBO 4JO FNCBSHP IBDF B×PT FTUF UJQP EF BQPZP B MPT QFSVBOPT NÈT QPCSFT FSB PGSFDJEP TPMP QPS BMHVOBT QPDBT JOTUJUVDJPOFT QJPOFSBT FO FTUPT NFOFTUFSFT 6OB EF FMMBT GVF MB $MÓOJDB 4BO 1BCMP $41 DPO FM MMBNBEP $MVC

EF MPT /J×PT "[VMFT "M DVMNJOBS TVT FTUVEJPT FO #SBTJM FM %S +PTÏ «MWB SF[ #MBT GVOEBEPS EF MB $41 SFHSFTØ BM 1FSÞ Z MVFHP EF WJBKBS QPS UPEP FM QBÓT QFSDJ CJØ RVF FYJTUÓBO NVDIPT OJ×PT QPSUBEPSFT EF DBSEJPQBUÓBT

6HSDUDWD 3XEOLFLWDULD (VSHFLDO

/D 'UD (GLWK &KiYH] \ DOJXQRV GH ORV SHTXHxRV SDFLHQWHV PLHPEURV GHO &OXE GH 1LxRV $]XOHV RSHUDGRV FRQ p[LWR HQ OD &63

22

2WURV SURJUDPDV FRQ FRQFLHQFLD VRFLDO &HQWUR 0pGLFR GH 8UTXLOORV /D &63 \ $UDQZD +RWHOV 5HVRUWV 6SD GRQDURQ XQ FHQWUR PpGLFR D OD &RPXQLGDG &DPSHVLQD GH 8UTXLOORV XELFDGD HQ HO GLVWULWR GH +XD\OODEDPED 8UXEDPED &XVFR 2SHUDFLyQ 6RQULVD (Q HO OD &63 VH XQLy D HVWD QREOH FDXVD \ OHV EULQGD VXV VDODV GH RSHUD FLRQHV VDODV GH UHFXSHUDFLyQ KDELWDFLRQHV SHUVRQDO PpGLFR \ DVLVWHQFLDO KDELpQGRVH RSHUDGR HQ VXV LQVWDODFLRQHV D PiV GH SDFLHQWHV HQWUH QLxRV \ MyYHQHV FRQ HO DSR\R GH XQ JUDQ Q~PHUR GH PpGLFRV \ HVSHFLDOLVWDV SHUXDQRV TXH WUDEDMDQ GH PDQHUD YROXQWDULD 'LIXVLyQ GH QXHVWUD FXOWXUD &RPR SDUWH GH OD SURPRFLyQ FXOWXUDO \ WXUtVWLFD GHO 3HU~ HO &+63 KD SXEOLFDGR OLEURV &DFKLFDGDQ +LVWRULD GH XQ 3XHEOR (QFDQWDGR 'LRVHV \ +RPEUHV GH OD /LEHUWDG (O $SX GH ODV 1LHYHV /D 9LUJHQ GHO 7LWLFDFD 4HURV +LMRV GH OD /X] \ ODV 0DUDYLOODV GHO 0XQGR FDGD XQR GH HOORV SODVPD ODV EHOODV LPiJHQHV FDSWDGDV SRU HO OHQWH GHO 'U -RVp ÉOYDUH] %ODV

22

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

DPOHÏOJUBT DJBOØUJDBT RVF EFCJEP B MB GBMUB EF PYJHF OBDJØO FO MB TBOHSF BERVJF SFO VO UPOP B[VMBEP EF BMMÓ TV OPNCSF &TUPT NFOPSFT FO TV NBZPSÓB OBDÓBO EF NBESFT EF FTDBTPT SFDVSTPT TJO VOB PQFSBDJØO PQPSUVOB UFOÓBO NVZ QPDBT QSPCBCJMJ EBEFT EF TPCSFWJWJS 1PS FTUB SB[ØO Z BQFMBOEP B TV GPSNB DJØO Z WBMPSFT EFDJEJØ DSFBS FTUF DMVC DPNP VOB NBOFSB EF DPOUSJCVJS B MB TBMVE Z CJFO FTUBS EF MPT NÈT OFDFTJUBEPT "TÓ QBSBMFMBNFOUF B MB JOBVHVSBDJØO EF MB $41 FM %S «MWBSF[ GVOEB FM $MVC EF /J×PT "[VMFT RVF IBTUB MB GFDIB ZB IB PQFSBEP DPO ÏYJUP Z EF NBOFSB UPUBMNFO UF HSBUVJUB B OJ×PT QSPWF OJFOUFT EF MVHBSFT UBO EJTUBO UFT DPNP 5BDOB "QVSJNBD *RVJUPT )VÈOVDP Z 1VDBMM QB RVF EF PUSB GPSNB OP IBCSÓBO QPEJEP TVQFSBS MPT QPDPT B×PT EF WJEB $PNP FYQMJDB MB %SB &EJUI $IÈWF[ DPPSEJOBEPSB EFM DMVC FT NVZ FNPDJPOBO UF TBCFS RVF BMHVOPT EF MPT OJ×PT RVF TF PQFSBSPO FTUÈO B QVOUP EF UFSNJOBS MB VOJ WFSTJEBE Z IBDFO TV WJEB EF NBOFSB OPSNBM i$VBOEP MMF HBO FTUPT OJ×PT UJFOF EJGJDVM UBEFT JODMVTP QBSB DBNJOBS $VBOEP TBMFO EF TBMB EF PQF SBDJPOFT MB NBZPSÓB FNQJF[B VOB WJEB OPSNBM Z MMFOB EF FYQFDUBUJWBTw DPNFOUB &TUF UJQP EF PQFSBDJPOFT TPO CBTUBOUF DBSBT FJNQMJDBO VOB TFSJF EF FYÈNFOFT TJO FNCBSHP FTUB OP FT VOB QSF PDVQBDJØO QBSB FTUPT OJ×PT OJ QBSB TVT GBNJMJBSFT QVFT MB $41 BTVNF MB UPUBMJEBE EF MPT DPTUPT &M %S +VMJP .PSØO DBS EJØMPHP EF MB $41 FT RVJFO BDUVBMNFOUF PQFSB B FTUPT OJ×PT EF NBOFSB HSBUVJUB Z EFTJOUFSFTBEB Q &$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

23


24

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

&$5 (7$6 6(7,(0%5(

25


Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.