Editorial
Edition: Câmara Municipal de Águeda/Municipal Authority of Águeda Text and Image: Célia Laranjeira Translation: Luís Arruda Graphic Design: Pedro Alves / Planning and Strategy Division http://www.cm-agueda.pt Contact: 00351 234 610070 E-mail: geral@cm-agueda.pt Câmara Municipal de Águeda, Praça do Município, 3750-500 Águeda, Portugal
Today, more than ever before, life must be characterized by a sense of Universal responsibility, not only nation to nation and human to human, but also human to other forms of life. Š Pedro Lopes, 2007
Dalai Lama
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Contents Justification ……………………………….….…………………..……..………………………………………………5 Background ……………….…………………….....……………………..….….……………….…………………..6 Protection Status ……………………………………………………….……...…………….…………………...12 Fauna Biodiversity ……………………………...………..………….………...……………………..…………14 Flora Biodiversity ………………………………….…….……………….……………...…………..…………..26 The Water-hyacinth ………………………………..………………………….………..…........................31 The Aquatic Harvester ……………………..……………………………………………….…...…………...32 Environment and Landscape Requalification of the Pateira ………..………..….…...34 Workshop ………………………………………………………………..…………………………………..………..39 Final Remarks …………………………….…………..………………………………………………..…..……...42 Bibliographic References ……………..…………………………………………………………..….……..44 Important Recommendations for Visitors …………….…………………………………………….46
Justification The lake commonly referred to as Pateira de Fermentelos stands out in the regional, national, and even international contexts. The largest natural fresh water lake in the Iberian Peninsula has a great importance not only for the maintenance of the natural systems of the surrounding area, and for the local populations in terms of natural, socioeconomic and tourist contexts, but also as a sensitive and relevant wetland area within NATURA 2000 network. Several species with different national and international protection statuses live in this area and associated habitats and ecosystems. Despite different environmental problems in the last few years, the Pateira is presently going through an environmental and landscape requalification program. Hence, it is at Pateira de Fermentelos that protection of nature and conservationism gather in a new expression! It is at the Pateira that the visitor meets the natural environs and its biophysical traits, it is here that from the will to discover, sprouts the longing for the return‌
Gil Nadais Lord Mayor of Ă gueda
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Background Historically, the Pateira must be considered an ancient wide sea-arm where the rivers Cértima, Águeda, and Vouga flowed separately into before the Ria de Aveiro was formed. That sea-arm closed by the silting of the three rivers caused the appearance of a single water course – the river Vouga -, therefore the mouth of the river moved much farther northwest, just like nowadays (Almeida, 2006). Pinho et al. (1988) cit Gomes Andrade writes about the Pateira, that the Certoma valley at that
point used to be firm land, covered by thick woods, amongst which the river flowed carelessly. Air view of the lagoon (© M. Marques, 2003)
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Morais in Sousa Baptista (1945) also quotes from of a letter of the royal treasurer of Aveiro to King D. Manuel I where he discusses about the Forest of Perrães (probably between Perrães and the front of the Fermentelos civil parish), saying that this had always been hunting-grounds where
wild-hogs (probably boars) and deer were game, also mentioning that it was marshy. Moreover, according to Pinho e tal, 1988, it seems admissable to suppose
the area would have been extremely rich both in terms of fauna and flora, though the references to these are scarce. The Pateira would have started taking shape at the end of the XVth century, probably even during the Middle Age, because of the recurrent floods on the rivers Certoma and Águeda and their surrounding meadows. Nowadays, the Pateira corresponds to the silting and spreading of the river Cértima, near the point where it meets the river Águeda.
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The largest natural fresh water lake in the Iberian Peninsula presently takes variable areas and assumes different depths, according to the season, which, at its maximum extent, encompasses
The point where the Ă gueda meets the Pateira
more than 5 km2. These extend on their vast majority over the municipality of Ă gueda, but they also include the municipalities of Oliveira do Bairro and Aveiro. The term Pateira refers to a specificity of the region of the Vouga river and its tributaries, making itself mention to the
abundance of ducks.
The Pateira in the regional context (adapted from Sena, 2007)
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Hydrographically, the lake is part of the drainage area of the river Cértima, which in its turn is inserted in hydrographical basin of the Águeda, which is part of the hydrographical basin of the river Vouga. The lake is maintained by the river Cértima (upstream), by the Pano brook (to the west), occasionally by other streams, and underground sources (the Aveiro Cretacic aquifer), with the Cértima as the main water course conditioning the lake’s hydrology.
Territorial model of the Pateira Adapted from Sena, 2007
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On what pertains to the relief of the terrain, the environs of the Pateira features an easy relief to the west, registering the highest altitude area at 50 meters in Fermentelos (municipality of Águeda). 1
To the west, in the Espinhel civil parish (check images), there is an elevation reaching 78 meters high, also revealing slopes with some impact, considering the features of the surrounding area. To the northwest, approximately between Oliveirinha and Requeixo
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(municipality of Aveiro), there is an extent of territory with an altitude between 50 and 70 meters and soft slopes rolling towards the Pateira. To the southwest, the smooth relief of low altitude harvest fields on the left bank of the river Cértima
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and Perrães run along the Pateira.
1, 2 and 3: Espinhel (Águeda)
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Landscape view to the lagoon - Espinhel 11
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Protection Status The Pateira de Fermentelos presents the characteristics of a semi-lentic system integrating the Special Protection Area of the Ria de Aveiro (PTZPE0004) and, therefore, part of the Natura 2000 Network. It is protected by the Birds Directive, being also classified as a “Sensitive Area” according to the Decree-Law n.º 152/97, of 19 July, Annex II, as it is an important Pateira de Fermentelos
(© G. Limas)
and extensive wetland (cit. ICN, 2006).
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By definition “wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tides does not exceed six meters� (Ramsar Convention: http:// www.ramsar.org). These wetlands, where the Pateira is included, have important functions in ecosystems, such as hydric and climatic equilibrium, water purification, greenhouse-effect prevention, coastal protection, and natural groundwater reservoirs recharge, among others, maintaining this way an high biodiversity. As a matter of fact, wetlands are areas of massive primary productivity of the Earth (together with tropical forests), thus sustaining an amazing diversity of fauna and Black-winged Stilt
flora. 13
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Fauna Biodiversity Concerning
fauna
diversity,
the
Pateira and its environs stand out particularly because of their ornithological component. SpeChurch Owl
cies with national and international protection status – under Birds Directive (Council Directive 79/409/ CEE), Bonn Convention, Berne Convention – occur in these areas. Species of Community Importance live there, such as:
Kingfisher (© Romão Machado)
Little Bittern (Ixobrychus minutus) This small wading bird in the heron family is frequently found in areas of abundant reedbed vegetation, making it difficult to see. It doesn’t need extensive areas for nesting, being an essentially lonely species during the breeding season. It nests in the middle of reeds in shrubs, above the water level.
Little bittern (© M. Sozen, 2008)
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It feeds on insects and sometimes small fish, amphibians, molluscs, crustaceans, eggs and other birds’ chicks, among other. Purple heron (Š Jiri Bohdal)
Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) It prefers wetlands with dense reedbed vegetation areas, while searching for nutrient-rich (eutrophic) waters which are shallow and with little or no current. The nests are made close or near the water, generally amongst flooded reed-plots, nevertheless nests from previous years are not used again. It feeds mostly on fish and insects (larvae and adults). Observations completed in the last few years indicate the population of the Purple Heron has been rising in the Pateira. White egret
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Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus) Also referred to as northern marsh harrier, it nests in wetlands where abundant tall straight firmstemmed grasses occur, preferably platforms of reedbed, where they nest. It also searches for food Marsh harrier
in these areas, as well as in low water with aquatic vegetation, being frequently seen hunting for game in open farmland close by.
It feeds on small and medium-sized animals, such as, birds, mammals (rodents), and, in a small proportion, insects, toads, snakes and fish. Grey heron (Š Romão, 2008)
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Black Kite (Milvus migrans) The black kite is found in diverse types of habitat, even though it appears to be associated mainly to water bodies. It nests in flooded woods and pine forests associated with the lake, building its nest on the trees. It searches for prey in open or semi-open areas, feeding on small prey, such as, rodents, lagomorphs, birds and hedgehogs, especially juveniles, sick or wounded animals, but also reptiles, fish, amphibians and insects. There are other species such as the blackwinged stilt (Himantopus himantopus), the common kingfisher (Alcedo athis), the tawny pipit (Anthus campestris), the little egret (Egretta garzetta), among others included in the Annex I of Council Directive 79/409/CEE. Red-crested pochard and female of mandarin duck (Š Romão, 2009)
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These and other species occur in the Special Protection Area of the Ria de
Aveiro, making the Pateira, part of the system which “supports, regularly, more than 1% of the biogeographic population of pied avocet (Recurvirostra
avosetta), of common scoter (Melanitta nigra), ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula) and Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus)” (ICN, 2006). It should also be referred the occurrence of several migrating Passeriformes from woods and scrubland, as well as Passeriformes from reedplots and riparian galleries. The diversity of biotopes favors breeding, refuge and feeding of wintering, nesting and migrating birds, which makes the Pateira an increasingly sought after White wagtail (© Romão, 2007)
spot for birdwatchers and nature lovers.
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The biophysical conditions also allow the diversity of fish species found at the Pateira. Because the Pateira is part of the river Vouga water basin, species such as the Iberian barbel (Barbus bocagei), the Iberian nase (Chondrostoma
polylepis),
the
Portuguese
Ruivaco (from Web)
nase
(Chondrostoma lusitanicum), the ruivaco (Rutilus ma-
crolepidotus), and the calandino (Rutilus alburnoides ) – with community protection status (according to Annex II and/or Annex V of the Habitats Directive) –, either exist or may occur in the lake.
Barbel (from Web)
Other species occur, such as the thicklip grey mullet (Chelon labrosus), the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the bordallo (Leucistus carolitertii ), the northern pike (Esox
lucius ), the European eel (Anguilla anguilla), the loach (Cobitis calderoni ), the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides ), etc.
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The European eel (Anguilla anguilla)
Registered on the Red Book as an endangered species, the European eel occurs in the Pateira because of its connection with the rivers Águeda and Vouga European eel —Espinhel
and from this one to the Atlantic Ocean (migration route for the species).
The entire population spawns in the Sargasso Sea and larvae (known as glass eels) cross the ocean towards continental shores, where they complete their development. Common carp —Espinhel
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Eels are mostly active at night and feed on insect larvae, crustaceous, and dead fish, and they can reach one meter in length.
At the Pateira and the adjacent water system fish finds ecological conditions that cater for the vitality and subsistence of the diverse com-
Cértima river tributary
munities, conditions which allow refuge and spawning during the breeding season.
This is the reason why there are spots with such fish abundance which the local people refer to as “authentic fish maternities.” Ínsuas area —Fermentelos
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Among the different species of bivalve which can be observed at the Vouga water basin, there is one at the
Pateira which is emblematic because of its size – the Anodonta. This freshwater mollusc, usually known as duck mussel, goes unnoticed to the majority of the population because of its discreet ecological habits, since it prefers muddy beds, where they bury themselves. It is very important for the ecosystem, because it feeds by filtering a high volume of water (from which it takes organic matter in suspension and plankton), being Mussel — Pateira
therefore considered an indicator of the quality of the water. The degradation of the environmental situation negatively affects these molluscs’ population.
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Associated with wetlands habitat is also a high diversity of reptiles and amphibians, characteristic of these systems being mostly located in the land-water interface. The potential existence at the Pateira is listed as follows. Slow worm Table I—Herpetofauna and Amphibians potentially existing at the Pateira
Salamandra salamandra
Rana iberica
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In this area, as well as in drier areas close to the Pateira, several species of mammals occur. Among these, the European Otter (Lutra lutra) stands out not only because of the love (and hatred) caused in the population, but also because this species is protected under the Annexes II and IV of the Decree-law n.Âş 49/2005, of 24 February.
the Otter (Lutra lutra) The animals of this species are selective about their rest and shelter locations, therefore making it possible to find their refuge at the most quiet embankments where vegetation abounds. This species feeds mostly on fish, but it can also have amphibians and crustaceans (such as the Louisiana-crayfish). It can mate anytime during the year, depending on the abundance of food resources, Otter (Š Fishotter 2004)
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and the cubs (up to 4) are born 61-63 days after in a hole disguised by the vegetation.
Species such as the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), the fox (Vulpes vulpes), the wild-rabbit (Oryctolagus
Fox (unkown autor)
cuniculus), the wild boar (Sus scrofa), and several rodents, among other species, find protection under European and National Law.
Therefore, the diversity of biotopes existing in the region (reedbeds, rice fields, embankments with aquatic vegetation, etc.) transforms it into a rich ecosystem and, therefore, in an important refuge for wild life.
Rabbit (ICN)
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Flora Biodiversity The wet area, which encompasses open water and flooded vegetation in the embankments and water lines, is dominated by settlements of reed (Phragmites communis), together with bulrush (Typha sp.) and zebra rush (Scirpus lacustris). Water-lily
There are also communities (or mixed areas) of vascular plants with aquatic machrophytes, rooted or suspended between the bottom
and
the
surface:
water
milfoil
(Myriophyllum sp.), water-lily (Nymphaea sp., Nuphar luteo), or even water-hyacinth The Pateira de Fermentelos from another viewpoint
(Eichhornia crassipes).
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In several areas close to the Pateira one can witness the existence of arboreal and bush-like species, such as:
Weeping willow (Salix alba, Salix sp.), poplar (Populus canescens, Populus nigra, Populus sp.),
Glossy buckthorn (Ă“is da Ribeira)
black alder (Alnus glutinosa), glossy buckthorn
(Frangula alnus), narrow-leafed ash (Fraxinus angustifolia), common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), back elderberry (Sambucus nigra), grey willow (Salix atrocinerea), occasionally oak trees (Quercus robur), Bay laurel (Laurus nobi-
lis ), Elm (Ulmus sp.) ...
Elm (Espinhel)
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Among the alloctone species one can find Eucalyptus
globulus (predominant in the forest cover throughout the environs of the lake), and other trees of the genus
Acacia and Hakea, which are scattered close to the lake and present an infesting behavior.
From the group of herbaceous and sub-arbustive species we will simply refer the presence of yellow iris or Pale-yellow iris
yellow flag (Iris pseudacorus), watercress (Nasturtium
officinale), hemlock water or dropwort (Oenanthe crocata), spotted ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria), water mint (Mentha aquatica), among many other. Species with protection status also occur, such as the butcher's broom (Ruscus aculeatus) under Annex V, and Butcher's broom
the European waterclover (Marsilea quadrifolia).
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Peculiar, and little known, is the fact that, in areas close to the lake, there are carnivorous plants such as the pale butterwort (Pinguicula lusitanica) (images on the
1
left); there could potentially exist other species, though they have become more difficult to find (source Pinho R., 2008). 2
This carnivore occurs especially in wetlands, often in peat bog areas along the embankments of the lake (and rivers). It blossoms in March and May. Its leaves secrete a sticky mucilage which traps insects attracted by the odor. As soon as the prey is detected, the leaves 3
1 –3. Pinguicula lusitanica 1 e 2 . Detail of the inflorescence
bend in order to wrap the prey with digestive enzymes.
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An aspect short on developments is the mycological diversity. Hence, the variety of existing fungi only now is under inventory and comprehensive studies (the images on the left feature some examples).
Though incomplete, this brief biological report illustrates the vast biological diversity and natural (and conservationist) potential of the Pateira, which is also referred for other wetlands.
Nevertheless there are several problems affecting this area, among which the water-hyacinth infestation. Fungi biodiversity near the
Pateira
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Water-hyacinth The water-hyacinth is an infesting species native to the Amazon river watershed (Brazil), being nowadays spread throughout the five continents. It spreads along water bodies of tropical and moderate climates, rapidly causing the rupture of natural systems. It is considered by many authors as “one of the world's worst weeds” (HOLM et al., 1977). Water-hyacinth
Hence, the existence and propagation of this infesting exotic species at the Pateira is one of the main factors for the degradation of the ecological, economical and social conditions of this wetland, which is in urgent need for recovery and preservation.
View over the lagoon from Óis da Ribeira (February 2006)
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Aquatic Harvester The seriousness of the problem of infestation of aquatic systems at the global level has led to the development of specific technology to address and / or control this problem. Considering the area in question and the dimenThe Pateira (Espinhel)
sion of the infestation, the methodologies and supporting technologies have been selected according to the risk assessment over the Special Protection Area, the environmental impact of the different methodologies and the short, medium and long term effectiveness of the removal.
Aquatic harvester (school children named it “Wild Duck�)
Therefore, mechanical removal was selected and the extraction is carried out by a machine – an
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aquatic harvester – that began operation in the lake on 13th December 2006. The built-in engine powered conveyor belt extracts masses of water-hyacinth. Controlled by an operator, the aquatic-harvester has a simple and effective system: two independent hydraulically-powered paddle-wheels (images on the
The Pateira: before the waterhyacinth removal (Espinhel)
previous page), guaranteeing the high manoeuvrability of the equipment. It took less than three months to improve the ecological and hydrological conditions of the lake, to recover the water mirror, therefore improving the ability to support recreational activities, as well as improving conditions for traditional activities in the lake (images on the right).
The Pateira: after the water-hyacinth removal (Espinhel)
Environment and Landscape 25
Requalification of the Pateira Removing the water-hyacinth was only the first step in a vast and complex process, which includes other measures and actions aiming at sustainable development, the conservation and protection of environment, Detail of a traditional well with a bucket-conveyor in Fermentelos
and, consequently, the environment and landscape requalification of the largest fresh -water lake in the Iberian Peninsula, the
Pateira de Fermentelos. After the topo-hydrographic survey it was concluded that the bed of the lake was severely silted, especially the area further downstream. A view of the leisure park in Espinhel
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This way, it became evident the need to carry out – on a short term – the recovery of the natural bed of the Pateira by removing (dredging) the excess of sediments accumulated in the mean time, as well as the reconstruction of a small dam located at the meeting point of the Pateira and river Águeda. In a classified area such as the Pateira, included a major watershed (catchment area of the river Vouga), with scenic natural values, which result in high biodiversity, some of it with national and international protection statuses, it is important to provide the area with appropriate infrastructures which make possible not Ribeira do Pano (Fermentelos)
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only its conservation, but also the observation and interpretation of nature. In this context, several actions for environmental education are carried out, such as lectures and activities of environmental education, bird watching, visits along marked trails with a specialized guide, workshops for nest building, and
Observatory (Espinhel)
other activities promoted by the Municipal Authority
or
other entities, such
as SPEA
(Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves/ Portuguese Society for the Study of Birds), University of Aveiro, Quercus (Associação Nacional de Conservação da Natureza/National Association for Nature Conservation). Detail of a pedestrian trail
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The definition of trails with different themes and purposes (environmental education, sports, bird watching, etc.) is being considered in an inter-municipal perspective. This way the Pateira is considered as a whole, A different watch-point (Ă“is da Ribeira)
because the objective is to guide the visitor along the natural space by showing him the natural values of the area (with landscape and species descriptions), as well as provide these trails with the adequate furniture (birdwatching spots, meeting points, rest areas, support facilities for the practice of sports) in order to grant him/her the comfort, safety and natu-
Canoeing (Ă“is da Ribeira)
ral sense of balance sought after in this place.
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The visitor finds several proposals for activities either in the lake or in nearby areas, allowing contact with nature and the dynamics of the local cultural traditions.
Some of the activities already available at the Traditional boats - the bateiras
Pateira de Fermentelos include crossing the lake in aquatic bicycles or bateiras, the traditional local boats, horse riding, cycling along the embankments, walking the trails, an afternoon of fishing, a sports moment or a simple moment of relaxation in one of the secluded parks close to the lake enjoying the landscape, either alone or
Free riding bicycles - available nearby the lagoon
with the family.
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Workshop 39
1. Nests and birds The young ones are a privileged audience for environmental education. Hence, we challenge the little nature discoverers (and their educators) to learn more about the conservation and protection of nature, as well as respect the environment at home, school and at the Pateira.
There are many types of nests that birds build in hole, logs, walls, buildings, bushes, etc., generally in a safe location far from predators. A nest building workshop and a birdwatching activity —SPEA
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We propose building a nest box from wood scraps, which can be created following our own imagination. Then one just needs to put it in the right place, make sure of the necessary requirements, and sooner or later this “home” will have new “tenants”. www.naturlink.pt
Start by collecting the wood pieces, maybe the remains of a wooden box or boards from a palette (at least 15 cm wide), and try to prepare each piece according to the measurements indicated in the drawing on the left side.
Find the easiest way to connect the pieces. One should glue them from the tops or, even better, using small slats of wood which are glued and screwed Educational activities (2008)
joining the pieces by the corners.
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One must open an hole with 3 to 3,5 cm in diameter on the piece – D – to be used as an entrance by the bird at the front of the nest box, and at approximately the same position as presented in the figure. Once all the wooden pieces are glued together (bottom and side pieces), either glue the roof to the whole set (for a non-removable roof) or attach a hinge to the roof piece (allowing the nest box to be opened). When the nest box is finished it should be placed in a proper location, either bolted to a tree or hung from a branch, in a way it doesn’t swing too much and at a height between 2 and 4 meters. It should be kept away from curiosity and predators.
Sunset at the Pateira (Óis da Ribeira © Luís Neves)
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Final Remarks In a time when the environment has become a priority theme in the national and international contexts, and the continuing degradation of the water resources is avoided, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) – 2000/60/CE appeared, which was brought to the national legal structure by the Law nº 58/2005, of 29 December. This regulation established the objective to be reached till 2015 as “the good ecological condition or good ecological and chemical potential of all water bodies”. Therefore, “protecting and improving the state of aquatic ecosystems and also land and wetland ecosystems, directly dependant from aquatic ecosystems”, is a responsibility of public entities and a Traditional Bateiras in river Cértima
duty of each and every individual.
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Nevertheless, as referred at the beginning of this guide, together with the environmental dimension there is a strong social component, because of the invaluable importance that both the Pateira and the surrounding ecosystems have for the populations and villages close-by. Therefore, it becomes urgent to ensure the continuity of this project by developing and implementing the actions programmed for the environment and landscape requalification of the Pateira. The objective is to recover the Pateira de Fermentelos as a natural hallmark of the region, a reason of pride and a national reference.
Sunset at the Pateira de Fermentelos (Š G. Limas)
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Bibliographic References Almeida, A.S. (2006), Avaliação da qualidade da água na pateira de Fermentelos – caso de estudo na Área Projecto, Tese de mestrado, Universidade de Aveiro. Decreto-lei nº 565/99 de 21 de Dezembro, Diário da República nº 295/99 Série I-A, Ministério do Ambiente, Lisboa. Decreto-lei nº 49/2005 de 24 de Fevereiro, Diário da República nº39/05 Série I-A, Ministério do Ambiente, Lisboa. Farinha, J. C. & H. Costa. (1999), Aves Aquáticas de Portugal, Instituto de Conservação da Natureza. ICN (em prep), Novo Atlas das Aves que Nidificam em Portugal, Dados provisórios, Instituto da Conservação da Natureza, Lisboa, (Não publicado). Gameiro, P.J. (1999), A Avifauna da Pateira de Fermentelos como elemento estruturante de actividades de
campo, Tese de Mestrado, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro. Holm, L.G., D.L. Plucknett, J.V. Pancho & J.P. Herberger, (1977), The world's worst weeds: distribution and biol-
ogy, University Press do Havai. Honolulu. 609 pp. Martins, A. M., J.M. Raposo, M.H. Pimentel, S.M. Silveira, A.C. Sousa & S.M. Raimundo (2006), Bases para um
plano de requalificação das lagoas do litoral da região Centro, Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Centro, Coimbra.
Plano da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Vouga (2001): Relatório do Plano de 15-07-01 e Respectivo Anexo Cartográfico; Análise e Diagnóstico da Situação de Referência: Anexo I – Análise Biofísica (Rev.1 – Data 10/09/02) – Facultado por DRAOT do Centro.
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PSRN 2000 (2006), Plano Sectorial da Rede Natura 200, Volumes I, II e III, Instituto de Conservação da Natureza. Pinho, P.M.N.C., A.M.S. Luís, M.T.L.M.B. Andersen, F.M.M. Nogueira & C.O.A. Coelho (1988), Estudo para o orde-
namento da área envolvente da Pateira de Fermentelos, Serviço Nacional de Parques. Volumes I, II e III. Sauer, F.. (1982), Aves Terrestres, O Mundo da Natureza, Círculo de Leitores, Lisboa. Sena, C. (2007), Interacções água subterrânea – água superficial na zona da Pateira de Fermentelos (Portugal), Dissertação de mestrado, Departamento de Geociências, Universidade de Aveiro. Sousa Baptista, J.S., (1945), A Pateira de Fermentelos, em arquivo do distrito de Aveiro n.º 44.
Webgraphics: http://www.naturfoto.cz Naturlink. (2000) In: http://www.naturlink.pt Ramsar. (2005). Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. In: http://www.ramsar.org UICN (2004). Red List of Threatened Species. In: http://www.redlist.org www.botanik.uni-karlsruhe.de http://www.santagenebra.org.br http://www.fishing.pl http://www.jornalmealhadamoderna.com M. Sozen (2008) In: http://www.treknature.com/gallery/Middle_East/Turkey/photo163355.htm
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Important Recommendations for Visitors Visiting Pateira: Bring binoculars Bring comfortable and practical footwear and clothing Avoid walking in non-marked areas Dispose of your litter properly Do not contribute to the dissemination of invading species of animals or plants Respect private property and local inhabitants Respect natural areas and occurring species
Important contacts Câmara Municipal de Águeda/Municipal Authority of Águeda – (00351) 234 610 070 Tourist Office – (00351) 234 601 412 Local Health Centre – (00351) 234 610 210 Fire Brigade – (00351) 234 622 571 Police (G.N.R. - Águeda) – (00351) 234 622 417 National Emergency Number– 112
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http://www.cm-agueda.pt 47
Regional Operational Programme for Central Portugal Environmental Restoration of the Pateira European Union Co-financing