oCtoBer is Bullying PreVention aWareness Month
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BULLYING!
IN-35149932
Everyone can play a role in intervention and prevention
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BULLYING Prevention Awareness MontH
What is Bullying? Bullying is a form of youth violence and an adverse childhood experience (ACE). CDC defines bullying as any unwanted aggressive behavior(s) by another youth or group of youths, who are not siblings or current dating partners, that involves an observed or perceived power imbalance, and is repeated multiple times or is highly likely to be repeated. Bullying may inflict harm or distress on the targeted youth including physical, psychological, social, or educational harm.
Common Types of Bullying Include: Physical, Verbal, Social and Cyber. See examples of each on page 3.
20%
About of students ages 12-18 experienced bullying nationwide.
Who is at risk? No single factor puts a child at risk of being bullied or bullying others. Bullying can happen anywhere—cities, suburbs, or rural towns. Depending on the environment, some groups—such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or questioning (LGBTQ) youth, youth with disabilities, and socially isolated youth—may be at an increased risk of being bullied. Stigma can also spread false and harmful information that can lead to increasing rates of bullying, harassment, and hate crimes against certain groups of people.
Children at Risk of Being Bullied Generally, children who are bullied have one or more of the following risk factors: • Are perceived as different from their peers, such as being overweight or underweight, wearing glasses or different clothing, being new to a school, or being unable to afford what kids consider “cool”
www.cdc.gov
• Are perceived as weak or unable to defend themselves • Are depressed, anxious, or have low self esteem • Are less popular than others and have few friends • Do not get along well with others, seen as annoying or provoking, or antagonize others for attention
• Others are more isolated from their peers and may be depressed or anxious, have low self esteem, be less involved in school, be easily pressured by peers, or not identify with the emotions or feelings of others. Children who have these factors are also more likely to bully others; • Are aggressive or easily frustrated
However, even if a child has these risk factors, it doesn’t mean that they will be bullied.
• Have less parental involvement or having issues at home
Children More Likely to Bully Others
• Have difficulty following rules
There are two types of kids who are more likely to bully others:
• Have friends who bully others
• Some are well-connected to their peers, have social power, are overly concerned about their popularity, and like to dominate or be in charge of others.
• Think badly of others • View violence in a positive way Remember, those who bully others do not need to be stronger or bigger than those they bully. The power imbalance can come from a number of sources—popularity, strength, cognitive ability—and children who bully may have more than one of these characteristics.
BULLYING Prevention Awareness MontH
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types of bullying Sometimes referred to as relational bullying, involves hurting someone’s reputation or relationships. Social bullying includes: • Leaving someone out on purpose • Telling other children not to be friends with someone • Spreading rumors about someone
Verbal bullying is saying or writing mean things. Verbal bullying includes: • Teasing • Name-calling • Inappropriate sexual comments
• Hitting/kicking/ pinching • Spitting
• Taunting
• Tripping/pushing
• Threatening to cause harm
• Taking or breaking someone’s things • Making mean or rude hand gestures
• Embarrassing someone in public
soCial Bullying
Physical bullying involves hurting a person’s body or possessions. Physical bullying includes:
VerBal Bullying
Join US!
PhysiCal Bullying
www.CASAJohnsonCo.org - or Call 317-346-4523
Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place over digital devices like cell phones, computers, and tablets. Cyber bullying includes:
• Posting comments or rumors about someone online that are mean, hurtful, or embarrassing. • Threatening to hurt someone or telling them to kill themselves. • Posting a mean or hurtful picture or video. • Pretending to be someone else online in order to solicit or post personal or false information about someone else.
CyBer Bullying
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BULLYING Prevention Awareness MontH
is my child being
Cyberbullied? signs to look for www.cybersmile.org
Changes in your Child’s online BehaVior
BeCoMing inCreasingly WithdraWn
Is your child suddenly spending noticeably more or less time on social media, online gaming, or on their mobile phone?
Has your child reduced their usual social activities such as going out shopping and meeting friends? Changes in offline activities can be a sign of online problems.
signs of distress After using their mobile phone, console or computer does your child become annoyed, seem stressed, or look flustered and confused? sudden interest in seCurity or safety features Has your child asked you about closing down social media accounts, or about security features such as blocking other account holders or certain phone numbers?
regular or unusual Bouts of illness Has there been an increase in headaches, stomach upsets or other ailments? Sometimes, online bullying and harassment can manifest themselves in genuine illnesses through a combination of stress, lack of sleep and inability to eat healthy foods. Sometimes illnesses can be faked to avoid certain situations such as school and other public places.
Poor or deClining sChool attendanCe and PerforManCe Is your child increasingly late for school or off ʻsick’? has there been a decline in the standard of schoolwork? If your child is being bullied or blackmailed on the internet, they might be finding it hard to concentrate on anything else. notiCeaBly different leVel of seCreCy Does your child suddenly act secretively when using their console, computer or mobile phone? For example, do they close down the computer or hang up the phone mid-conversation when you walk in the room? Try and be aware of changes in the way they behave around their devices.
STOP BULLYING NOW HOTLINE 1-800-273-8255
1 in 5
high school students reported being bullied at school in the last year.
Available 24/7
self-esteeM ProBleMs Has your child started to put themselves down verbally or show other signs of low self-esteem? Cyberbullying and abuse online can seriously affect children’s selfconfidence and self-esteem. relationshiP Break-uP Has your child recently broken up with a girlfriend or boyfriend? When relationships go wrong, arguments can be played out over the internet and by phone. Relationship breakdowns in school environments can lead to online hate campaigns. laCk of sleeP or loss of aPPetite Is your child having trouble sleeping or suffering from a sudden loss of appetite? Or is your child having excessive mood swings? Although these can all be put down to ʻteenageʻ issues – they can also be indicative of problems such as cyberbullying and online abuse.
More than
1 in 6
high school students reported being CYBErBULLIED in the last year
BULLYING Prevention Awareness MontH
how much does bullying effect youth?
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Bullying is widespread in the United States. Bullying negatively impacts all youth involved including those who are bullied, those who bully others, and those who witness bullying, known as bystanders.
About 1 in 5 high school students reported being bullied on school property. More than 1 in 6 high school students reported being bullied electronically in the last year.
• SOME YOUTH EXPERIENCE BULLYING MORE THAN OTHERS. Nearly 40% of high school students who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual and about 33% of those who were not sure of their sexual identity experienced bullying at school or electronically in the last year, compared to 22% of heterosexual high school students. About 30% of female high school students experienced bullying at school or electronically in the last year, compared to about 19% of males. Nearly 29% of White high school students experienced bullying at school or electronically in the last year compared to about 19% of Hispanic and 18% of Black high school students.
1 in 5
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More than
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BULLYING Prevention Awareness MontH
thE rELatIoNshIP BEtWEEN BULLYING aND sUICIDE www.cdc.gov
Recent attention focused on the relationship between bullying and suicide is positive and helpful because it: 1. Raises awareness about the serious harm that bullying does to all youth involved in bullying in any way. 2. Highlights the significant risk for our most vulnerable youth (e.g. youth with disabilities, youth with learning differences, LGBTQ youth). 3. Encourages conversation about the problem of bullying and suicide and promotes collaboration around prevention locally and nationally. However, framing the discussion of the issue as bullying being a single, direct cause of suicide is not helpfuland is potentially harmfulbecause it could: 1. Perpetuate the false notion that suicide is a natural response to being bullied which has the dangerous potential to normalize the response and thus create copycat behavior among youth.
2. Encourage sensationalized reporting and contradicts the Recommendations for Reporting on Suicide (http:// reportingonsuicide.org) potentially encouraging copycat behavior that could lead to “suicide contagion. 3. Focus the response on blame and punishment which misdirects the attention from getting the needed support and treatment to those who are bullied as well as those who bully others. 4. Take attention away from other important risk factors for suicidal behavior that need to be addressed (e.g. substance abuse, mental illnesses, problems coping with disease/ disability, family dysfunction, etc.) Still, a report of a young person who takes his/her own life and leaves a note pointing directly to the suffering and pain they have endured because of bullying is shocking and heartbreaking. While a young person’s death by suicide is a tragedy and both bullying and suicide-related behavior are serious public health problems, our response to such
situations must reflect a balanced understanding of the issues informed by the best available research. It is particularly important to understand the difference between circumstances being related to an event versus being direct causes or effects of the event. To explore this idea, let’s look at a similar but much simpler example: In the case of drowning deaths among children, those who are not directly supervised by a competent adult while swimming are more likely to die by drowning than those children who are directly supervised. While the lack of adult supervision does not directly cause a child to drown, it is a critical circumstance that can affect the outcome of the situation .Just as with preventing deaths by drowning, for bullying and suicide prevention, the more we understand about the relationship between circumstances and outcomes the better decisions we can make about what actions to take to prevent bullying and suicide-related behavior So, if bullying doesn’t directly cause suicide, what do we know about how bullying and suicide are related? Bullying and suicide-related behavior are both complex public health problems. Circumstances that can affect a person’s vulnerability to either or both of these behaviors exist at a variety of levels of influence—individual, family, community, and society. These include: • emotional distress • exposure to violence • family conflict • relationship problems • ack of connectedness to school/sense of supportive school environment • alcohol and drug use • physical disabilities/learning differences
• lack of access to resources/ support. If, however, students experience the opposite of some of the circumstances listed above (e.g. family support rather than family conflict; strong school connectedness rather than lack of connectedness), their risk for suicide-related behavior and/ or bullying others—even if they experience bullying behavior— might be reduced. These types of circumstances/situations or behaviors are sometimes referred to as “protective factors.” In reality, most students have a combination of risk and protective factors for bullying behavior and suicide-related behavior. This is one of the reasons that we emphasize that the relationship between the two behaviors and their health outcomes is not simple. The ultimate goal of our prevention efforts is to reduce risk factors and increase protective factors as much as possible. The bottom-line of the most current research findings is that being involved in bullying in any way—as a person who bullies, a person who is bullied, or a person who both bullies and is bullied (bully-victim)—is ONE of several important risk factors that appears to increase the risk of suicide among youth.
CALL 1-800-273-TALK (8255) if you, or someone you know is having thoughts of suicide
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11 FACTS ABOUT Bullying 1. In the US, 1 in 5 students ages 12-18 has been bullied during the school year. 2. Approximately 160,000 teens have skipped school because of bullying. 3. Students who reported that they were frequently bullied scored lower in reading, mathematics, and science than their peers who reported that they were never or rarely bullied. 4. The most commonly reported type of bullying is verbal harassment (79%), followed by social harassment (50%), physical bullying (29%), and cyberbullying (25%) 5.
Labeling an incident as bullying can be important because it influences whether students tell an adult, as well as how adults respond to the student’s report.
6.
More than half of bullying situations (57%) stop when a peer intervenes on behalf of the student being bullied.
7.
6th grade students experience the most bullying (31%).
8.
70% of school staff have seen bullying. 62% witnessed bullying two or more times in the last month, and 41% witness bullying once a week or more.
9.
Students are less likely to report bullying as they get older. Only 39% of high schoolers notified an adult of bullying.
10. 42% percent of students who reported being bullied at school indicated that the bullying was related to at least one of the following characteristics: physical appearance (30%), race (10%), gender (8%), disability (7%), ethnicity (7%), religion (5%), and sexual orientation (4%). 11. Over half of students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied believed their bullies had the ability to influence what other students thought of them.
IF YOU ARE BEING BULLIED, CALL THE NO BULLY HELP HOTLINE AT 1-866-488-7386
IN-35148364
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