http://imprint.uwaterloo.ca/pdfarchive/1975-76_v16,n15_Chevron by Imprint Publications

University of Waterloo Wate.rloo, Ontario . volume 16, number 15 friday, September 26, 1975

Inside Attica revisited Food in Canada Movie review Vietname’ieland’

Profs on a picket

line?

’

-_ .

. . . e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-. $15 5.. . . . . . . . . . . . .pp. 12-13 ;. .-.p-; 14 ’ : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : . . .p. 22-

. \

Cutbacks- cobld force unionizatioti -

Universities are beginning to feel the strain of the provincial government’s cutback on education spending. In spite of an election which spawned a minority government there seems to be no relief in sight. These cutbacks will have many affects, one of which will be to force professors into unions and perhaps on to picket lines. When the arbitration decision against professor Jeffery Ferest, was released last July, Mr. R. A. Haney, the attorney for Renison College, which had terminated the p’,ofs contract, was reported in the Kitchener-Waterloo Record as saying that the decision could be significant. Its significance, Haney felt, lay with the government’s budget restraints, which have

. The Kitchener transit strike is now-in its third week and there’s no indication of an early settle’inent. In an attempt to settle the N-day strike, Kitchener council will meet in closed session today to discuss mediation and other possible means to resolve the dispute, Butthe city will not alter its offer of a 14-per-cent wage increase, Kitchener mayor Edith Macintosh said Wednesday at a news conference. j Reading from a 12 page news release, Macintosh called upon the 214 transit and maintenance workers to return to their jobs and “to show some consideration for their employers, the citizens of Kitchener, and accept the offered wage increase which is reasonable and has found -acceptance by other municipal employees in Kitchener and at the regional level.” The city is willing to negotiate on issues such as lunch breaks and vacations, Macintosh said, but she noted that “the whole issue has now resolved itself to one of money.”

‘-

forced universities to tighten their all professors should unionise. fore the union could negotiate its _ collectively stand up for our rights. first contract with the board the Among those rights being the right belts and possibly dismiss’faculty. Mohammed, a small energetic school was taken under Ontario ’ It is within this environment that man who teaches. business comto be a professional and to deterMinistry of Education as a College professors now have to work. The munications at Conestoga co&g-e, mine‘ our professional destinaof Applied Arts and Technology teaching machine’s assembly lines dresses very dapper and speaks tion.” z That made the teachersare likely to be speeded up in the : with a well toned enunciation, is a (CUT). He points out that doctors, crown employees and meant that form of a higher professor student I union leader. lawyers, and atomic scientists have . ratios, and what thefactory worker He is president of local-97-07 of they could not have their own barall organized with no loss of&-ofesgaining unit but would have to form knows as a lay-off will come to the Civil Service Association of sional status. And of “the nurses, many professors as a dismissal or Ontario; a union 60,000 members one with their colleagues in the who actually walked on King Street other CAATs throughout the protermination of contract. It can also strong. In his five year experience here with pickets,” he says, “I vince. be assumed that salary increases with the union he has sat on two want to find out if anybody in this will be much harder to come by. Within eight months Mohammed community will refuse to go to the provincial negotiating teams, and Already tw,o faculties wthin the was a key figure in organising all and the CSAO had achieved just hospital for treatment because the province have reacted to the new - that. _ nurses picketed, and therefore are the community colleges in Ontario. economic climat&b$ taking shelter frustration with no longer professionals. ’’ ~ Ananti-unionist in 1%8 when he _ Mohammed’s under a union ‘organization. Carlfirst arrived at the college, t.hen a the faculty association sprang from “It does not detract from the i its impotence. He said that if the quality of service. ” ton professors picked up their school under the local high school cards in the summer, and last week board, he became an ardent unassociation ever ‘got a strong presiHtasks if the professors at UW off” and that their colleagues at Ottawa followed ,ionist through the frustration of s dent “he w&picked think less of their colleagues at that instilled fear in other people. their example. working with a faculty assoc&tion. Carlton and Ottawa because they - ’ According to Ivan Mohammed When he came to the college in have unionized . He organized the school, but be1968, he says deachers were being “Will they refuse to associate fired for no justifiable reason. One with them?” “And if these example he cites is of a retail merpeople produce worthwhile chandising teat her who was using a research. . will they now refu ‘to newspaper to show his students accept these results because t 1 ese The- transit-union is seeking a team to talk about all issues, which how advertisements are placed. professors have joined a union?” 20.6 per centincrease for bus driv: includes pay and fringe benefits,” The employer, Mohammed says, The advantage of joining CSAO, ers and a 19.1 per cent increase for Mazmanian said. looked through the small window Mohammed says, was that the barBy delaying the negotiation promechanics, MacIntosh said. She said on the-classroom door, saw the gaining unit gained legal status and the union, after council agreed cess, the city is trying to break the teacher “reading” the paper, that gave it more>out than a falast Thursday to -discuss issues union, he added. Mazmanian prewalked in and fired him. culty association. Also the local such as lunch breaks and vacadicted the strike “will be long” was able to draw on both the fmanThis type of oppressive mantions, stated that unless council given the city’s abstinence with recial resources of the union and its agement was found elsewhere in was prepared to make further congard to the union’s demands. negotiating expertise. - the province, he says, and coupled cessions on wages there was no For the new unions which might _ Asked about the situation at the with wages which were slipping on point in meeting. spring up in the near future-York inflation helped the union drive. i picket lines, Mazmanian said Union president Bill Mazmanian andiwindsor universities are tipped But there were also many probthere’s been no problems so far at said Wednesday, in a telephone into be next-Mohammed gives _ lems. There was competition from the city yards on Bramm Street. terview, that his membership is warning of some tactics manage‘ ‘We have the right to stop trucks to _ another union, the Ontario Faculty concerned about all the issues, not ment is likely to employ. tell the &$irers there’s a s&&e g&g Of COmUfitY C?W$S ASsOCia,just money . “We aren’t out on im- . “Well. . .they could on and ask them not to cross the tion, which had to be met. A strong strike for just the bus drivers, who mediately use delaying tactics, reanti-union sentiment from teachers c picket lines.” get most of the IYi@$e benefits, but fusingto respond (to the union poswho had entered the profession _ However, fuel ’ trucks, for the mechanics as well, who are ition) giving a counter profrom management positions had to Kitchener-Waterloo hospital amconcerned mostly about ‘rn-oney.” posal.” They could start saying,’ be contended. And the fear that unbulances, project Life (for disabled He pointed out once discounting through their own propaganda ionization meant a loss of profespeople) vans and I-Iumane Society the fringe benefits, which the machine, that now that your unsional status had to be overcome. cars are allowed to cross the picket mechanics don’t receive, both bus onized we won’t be able to give you lines, Mazmanian said. drivers and maintenance workers The last point is one which some ofthe privileges which you Referring to the drivers’ contenare asking for an hourly rate inMohammed has strong feelings on: -had, and you’re going to have to tion that they deserve special atten“ . . *people‘l&our underthe fis-. negotiate for them, ’ and that is recrease-of $1.04. “If she’s,(MacIntosh) sincere in tion because their job is different, conception that if you’re unionized ally harrassment . ’ ’ Macintosh said all jobs are differher concern with resolving the you’ve lost your professional “They will try to make your deent. $, ’ strike as soon as possible, then she I, L status. Well by joining a union all should instruct her negotiating continued on page 3 you’re saying is that we want to con,tinueci on page 3

friday,

the chevron

University

IO:00 a.m. 1 I’:30 a.m. 7:00 p.m.

Federation Flicks-Murder on the Orient Express with Albert Finney and I. Bergman. AL 116.8pm. Feds $1. Nonfeds $1.50. Film, “The Paper Chase” will be shown at 8pm. by Graduate Club. Physics 145, 75 cents, Graduates; $1.25, Undergraduates. UW Co-ed Bowling League. Continues every Sunday. You can still join. 8:30 Waterloo Bowling Lanes. Gay Coffee House. 8:30pm. Campus Centre Rm. 110. Everyone welcome.

Fridav - -----a “Prince Valiant” ’ exhibition. UW art gallery. Hours: Mon-Fri 9-4, Sun 2-5 till Oct. 5th.

Weekdays

7:00 a.m. p.m. ’ 500 p.m. Confessions Saturday 6:15 p.m. Father Norm Choate CR, Chaplain Father Bob Liddy CR. call 884-8110 or 884-0863 1235

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Michael Lewis from g-lam. 50 cents after 6pm. Federation Flicks-Murder on the Orient Express with Albert Finney‘and I. Bergman. AL 116.8pm. Feds $1. Nonfeds $1.50. Crafts people if interested in entering crafts in fair at campus centre on Oct. 27-31. Apply at turnkey desk no later than Tuesday Sept. 30,3pm. The Caretaker by Harold Pinter directed by Carl Gall. 8pm. Theatre of the Arts. Tickets at Central Box office, ext. AAAm ZlZO.

Notre Dame Chapel

Monday Canadian Mime Theatre presents “Beyond Words-Mime by Five”. Admission 1:30-$1., 8pm.-$5. Students and Senior Citizens $2.50. Central Box office . Sailing Club-Instruction and recreational sailing. Boat house on Lake Columbia, north campus-north of Columbia street. 6pm. Columbia Lake. Table Tennis meeting. Anyone interested in the game is welcome. 6pm. MC 3010. Ski Club organizational meeting. Films, memberships sold. All interested downhill and/or cross country skiers of any ability welcome. 7pm. MC 22066.

Saturday Sale of surplus UW property. Used rugs, electronic equipment, tape decks, tapes, turntables, dictating machines, etc. Cash & carry. No warranties. 9am. Central Stores.

For Canadian gifts and handcrafts,

THE

LQBSTICK

visit us soon at No. 5 in the new and unique Market Village, do\iuntown Kitchener.

Film-Prince Valiant. One showing of the 20th Century Fox, 1954 colour film based on Hal Foster’s world-famous Sunday comic adventures. 2pm. Theatre of the Arts. Admission $1, students and senior citizens 50 cents. Central Box office. Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Michael Lewis from g-lam. 50 cents admission.

We’re just half a block from the Farmers Market, off Market Lane, near parking and bus stops. Handwoven tery;jeweIlery, -and there’s Open

each

weekday, Thurs. until 9 p.m. Telephone 742-2401

& Fri.

OKTOBERFEST TICKETS Help the Kinsmen help the retarded Join in the festivities at Carlsberg Haus (Kitchener Auditorium) Special Student tickets - 99 cents for Tues.‘Oct. 14 and Wed. Oct. 15

Graduate Club Reception Week: Faculty of Engineering night. From 8pm. at Grad House. Refreshments and snacks available all week for graduate students, faculty and postdoctoral students in attendance on their facufty’s evening.

Federation Flicks-Murder on the Orient Express with Albert Finney and I. Bergman. AL 116.8pm. Feds $1, Nonfeds $1.50.

clothing, table linens, wallhangings, potwood, glass, works of art, are featuredmore! Browsers welcome. \

26, 1975

Catholic Parish

Mass Schedule 9:00 a.m. Sunday 7:00 p.m.

Saturday

September

Tuesday Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Satt Spring Rainbow from g-lam. 74 cents after 6pm. First general meeting of the Philosophy undergraduate association. All philosophy majors or anyone interested in philosophy are cordially invited. Elections will be held for secretary and social convener. 7pm. HH 336.

African Students Party. 9:30pm. Community centre of the Married students apartments.

Sunday Outer’s Club. Elora Gorge day hike. Bring your own lunch and refreshments. Sign up on bulletin-board outside Env. S. 356. If you have a car, bring it, you’ll be reimbersed for gas. 9am. Campus Centre. Chapel. Director Grebel Theme Chapel Conrad

Outer’s Club meeting. shown. 7pm. MC 3027.

Rehearsals for the UW Concert Choir for Symphony No. g--Choral L.V. Beethoven, A Song of Joy. AL 113 7-9pm. For further info contact Alfred Kunz at ext. 2439. Movies-Reefer Madness and Jimi Hendrix at Berkley. 8pm. AL 116. KFGF 25 cents. Others $1. Soonsored bv the Karl Friedrich Gauss Foundation. s Introductory lecture on Transcendental Meditation. Everyone welcome. Admission free. 8pm. Psych. 2084. 884-l 125. Graduate Club Reception Week: Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies night. From 8pm. at Graduate House. All grads, faculty and postdoctoral fellows are cordially invited to attend.

Message from Rod Sawatzky, of Academic Affairs at Conrad College on “Variations on the of Knowledge”. Music by the Choir. All welcome. 10:30am. Grebel College.

K-W Symphony Orchestra presents the first concerts of the 1975-76 season. The program includes: Berlioz-“ Roman Carnival Overture”; Tchaiskowsky-“Serenade for Strings”; and Borodin-“Symphony No. 2 in B Major.” Student tickets $2.50 and $3.00 available at the door. Humanities Theatre at 2:30pm. and 7:30pm. Group Meditation 8pm. E-3, 1101.

Film to be

for TM meditators.

This ad sponsored by Westmount Place Pharmacy

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon Salt Spring Rainbow from g-lam. 7L cents after 6pm. \ University Chapel, sponsored by the UW chaplains. 12:30pm. SCH 218K. UW Varsity Swimming and Diving Teams officials clinic. Timers ant judges will be shown the’techniques re quired at an Intercollegiate swim meet All welcome. 4-6pm. Pool deck. Concert Band. 5:30-7:30pm. AL 6. FOI further info contact Alfred Kunz at ext 2439. Chess Club meeting. Everyone wel. come. 7:30pm. Campus Centre Rm. 135. Open House, Global Community Centre. The evening will include dis plays, Mexican classical and folk guitar music, coffee and refreshments. 7:30-9:30pm. Global Community Centre, 94 Queen St. S., Kitchener. Graduate Club Reception Week: Faculty of Arts night. From 8pm. at Grad House. All grads, faculty and postdoctoral fellows are invited to attend. Waterloo Jewish Students Organization. First meeting. All students, faculty welcome. 8pm. Campus Centre 113. More info call Lome Kay 884-2906. Introductory lecture on Transcendental meditation. Everyone welcome. Admission free. 8pm. MC 3010.884-I 125. Gay Coffee House. Centre 110.

8:30pm.: Campus

Free Movie-Little Big Man with Dustin Hoffman. IO;1 5pm. Campus Centre Great Hall. Sponsored by the Campus Centre Board.

Thursday Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Satt Spring Rainbow from g-lam. 74 cents after 6pm. Chamber Choir. AL 6. 7-9pm. For further info contact Alfred Kunz at ext. 2439. Christian Science Organization. Everyone is invited to attend these regular meetings for informal discussions. 7:30pm. Hum. 174. First Help own share

meeting of U of W Pro-life group. us to be more “for-life”; bring your ideas and aspirations of life to with us. 7:30pm. Hum. 357.

Graduate Club Reception Week: Faculty of Mathematics and HKLS night. From 8pm. at Grad House. Refreshments and snacks available. All graduate students, faculty and postdoctoral fellows are invited to attend.

Friday Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Salt Spring Rainbow from g-lam. 74 cents after 6pm. Federation Flicks-The Sting with Paul Newman and Robert Redford. AL 116. 8pm. Feds $1 Non-feds $1.50.

h!bdiWlotor Hotel w 871

Victoria St. N. - 744-3511 NO JEANS PLEASE Every Wednesday is Singles Night “IN THE CROWN ROOM THIS WEEK

Tickets on sale at Westmount Place Community Corner Sat. Sept. 27 IO-5pm Sat. Oct. 4 IO-5pm No Patches

Wednesday

RECORDS RARE LIVE AND STUDIO RECORDINGS BY DYLAN, STONES, BEATLES, ELTON JOHN, LED ZEP & OTHERS. FOR CATALOG WRITE: SILENT W BOX 82 CAMBRIDGE. ONT. Worship

With

REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

NEXT WEEK - MISS NUDE CANADA WITH AN ALL NUDE MALE BAND Oktoberfest

NOW

Tickets

ON SALE

Meeting at Central Park Centre Old Library Duke & Argyle Sts.‘ Preston IO:30 AM Pastor D. Vance

Numerous-students have found that they are getting ripped’in two ways: if it is not the chain link fence, it is the inability ‘to find a quarter to enter the campus parking lots. We question the increase in the pa&Jng rate. It may be due to inflation, yet if we must pay a higher rate why can’t we have better access to some of the lots? If the problem of access were solved, I a& sure that photo by jim caher it would-be much less of a p’tiin in the ass for N.

Ill health- cited

2ibortibn

_ After some preliminary remarks on. the stability of the slide-ruler over the last. half-cer@ry, the Board of Governors Executive Committee meeting got into its real business Tuesd_ay afternoon: listening ,to a report by the Finance Vice-P&dent on the university “s condition for the year ending April 30, 1975. This report could leave little doubt that the finantial management of thg\‘ ‘$148,,000,000 plant’ ’ is in capable hands. There were more surplus and unallocated funds in 74-75 than in 73-74. And, though these surpluses are the result of long-term planning and the careful juggling of existing resources, they evidencl a remarkable foresight, given the multi-facetted nature of this “plan”. There were unexpectedly large losses in some areas, due largely to the escalation in the price of com*ities. Graphic Services, beset by leaps in the Zest of paper, had thy largest deficit in ancillary enterprises, one which wiped out the unallocated income in this service from the preceding year. Parking’brqke even, but only with the helti of a subsidy. Food Services was unable to reflect-new food prices in its price increase of the year. ’ Most of the deficits-in Minota Hagey- Residence, and the MarriedStudent Apartments, for instanceLhad been predicted at the Board’s February meeting; Others, like that at the Villages, though large, resulted from neces-

telearzim aborted

Short-term loans to students sary expenditure, in this c&se for a were made available to 640 stumajor window repair job, and increased maintenance rate?. dents over the year, with a 3.3 times turnover, and ne problems - To some extent balancing the with repayment. dark unpredictables were the bright ones. In the “break-even” operaThe present fiscal year, when “investments can exceed income ’ tion of ancillary enterprises, the by $150,000”) will see a “m&e toBookstore‘ wa< in unexpectedly wards conservativism”. The , good shape, with income *up sigBoard was assured that “all denificantly from the past. This was attributed to the decrease in pilferpartments are looking for ways to save money”, to ensure that the age, and the m?nager, who “has done an excellent jdb in turnirig unpredictability in university finances will be met with equilibrium I what was becoming a bad situation into a good situatibn”. and a sound ledger. Higher individual B.I,U.‘s ibasic ,-- There was a large potential saving , for example, in having building &come unit-the amount of money received by the university per stuguards on-duty five nights a week replaced by patrolling guards acdent, from the provi&* were responsible for a _,larger-thantive all seven. A new car loan plan anticipated income from this source. and a resolution to record all fuel expenses in vehicles on univeisity The admission of c@.uchcollege students to a financia status equivalent business (for a potential mileaGe* .-to that of unaffXated students was .~ebate) were also part of this longterm effort. -also financially advantageous. A certain air of selfThe only area in which the B$?d seemed ready to admit defeat was Congratulation was evident when astiteness in past planning was rein devising methods to curb vanvealed. ddism. Faced with a 74-75 loss of The institution of i-idea- and $25,000 due to the willful and unmimeograph systems in Financial predictable destruction of univer, Services, for instance, had “potensity property, it admitted “it is lbtial for enormous savings on mited what one can do, given our ,Someone noted, howpaper”. resources”. ever, that incidents of vandalism Tuition waivers to retired senior citizens&d not resulted in exhorbitseemed to bear a “high correlation ant expenditure, while it was. imwith pubs”. -julia Schneider plicitly a good P:R. move.

’ Discri~i~natih checked_’ It has been recommended by the UW Committee on the Status of Woman Academics that female profs be paired with two male profsin an effort to measure possible discrimination against the women. The committee was set up l&t year by,UW president Burt Matthews in response to evidence that the female ac,ademics were getting a raw deal. Its terms of reference were to come up with a method which could be used to measure such discrimination if it exists. Prof Phyllis Forsyth, in a brief iepor’ltto the Faculty Association Wednesday, said that the committee had little doubt that som* female faculty had . _ been discriminated against . The method which th e committee is recommending is called the match pair method. It i&olves the‘-profchoosing a male colleague whom she ,feels is comparable to: her in terms of qualitiiations e_xperience and publicatioris. The dean of the department would also name a comparative male Prof. Then the salaries and promotions sf the three profs would be charted to see if the woman had suffered any discrimination. Forsyth said the committee was also concer’ned with the position of part-time women and would recommend that it be studied. But she said that a matched pair study would not be possible because the unique position many part-time profs hold donot allow comparative , study. Forsyth also said that if it was found that women had suffered discrimination i* their s’alaries that the vice-president academic, Thomas Brzustowski, has promised to make funds avaiable - for compensation. In a telephone interview Wednesday Brzustowski said that where cases- are found of discrimination it would be recommended ‘;to Matthews that compensation be paid. But he added that hoti\ much compensation was not clear. -

The ill health of the Fe.deration of quorum at the crucial moment, that police and courts immediately Students is a valid reason for the caused-by th& sudden dtiparture of stop prosecuting Dr. Henry organization not to consider sendscience rep. Ralph T&rie, who Morgent&r and those other proing a pro-abortion telegram to fedheatedly< opposed the motion, fessionally qualified doctors and eral justice minister, Otto Lang, council couldn’t consider the matnurses who have been performing-_ student council was told Sunday. &r. At the meeting, only 13 out of abort&s in order to help women. Federation education co-or25 councilldrs, the bare minimum We. ask ,suppoit ,for planned dinator Shaie Roberts-told councilfor conducting business, were in atparenthood programs. We ask that tendance. The pro-abortion motion abotion be removed from the crimlors that sinde “council isn’t funcuntil Sunday’s tioning as a-healthy body,” it was then--deferred inal code.” Other councillors disagreed with shouldn’t get involved in such a council meeting. Torrid argued that since council Torrie and Miatello, saying that contentious topic as the pros and only represented a small percencons of the abortion debate, The women should have the right to mere fact that council has had diffitage of UW students, it couldn’t go control their own bodies. Roberts ahead with the pro-abortion stance said that university students repculty in obtaining quorum at recent meetings is reason enough not to because it would be stepping on resent only 20 per cent of the l&24 some students’ religious sentiage gi-oup and he didn’t feel the poll “pm&e” the matter, Roberts said. ments. Since all students are forced Howevei-, publications copresented by Miatello reflected ordinator Randy Hannigan felt that ’ to be members of the federation, ii: “the opinion of our peers.” would be both “irresponsible and council should pursue the‘ firqGraduate iep. Robbie Howleit abortion issue to create some conimmoral” to send this telegram said “it’s the tindamental right of troversy on campus. “The federawithout consulting the religious women to control their own bodies tioa has shirked enough issues in minority on campus, he said. and if we don’t send .the telegram -the past and the time has co&e td Citing a Canadian Institute of then we’ll be supporting the gov- take a stand,” Hannigan said. . Public Opinion survey, printed in ernment to withhold. this right.” the Sudbury Star, to bolster his ’ At council’s Sept. 11 meeting, She asked council to *hold a workRoberts had urged th&t the federacontention, St. Jerome’s College ihop on the issue. rep. Brian Miatello said that while tion send a telegram advocating eight-in+ten Canadians believeabortion-on-demand tQ the federal and models which can be used by government. But due to a loss of abortions should be legal only the faculty in its negotiations with under certain circumstances. Saythe administrations, said: “We T gg that the public opinion surve), from page 1 don’t really have a position on colconducted in August, indicates that mands look rather ridiculous, and. lective bargaining-if we do it is most Canadians aren’t in favour of inflate@, and therefore the people ambivalent and I wouldn’t even defrom page 1 abortion-on-demand, Miatello ,who are doing your research should scribe it as embryonic. ““All jobs are different. All of asked council to delete major porcome up with comparitive fiiures Baker did, .hbwever, suggest to tions of the telegram which in effect them have good points and bad that are relevant.” “As a unionist I the 50 ,professors present that if would reverse its original, intent. points. Comparisons are generally cannot go along with any union that ‘York and Windsor followed CarlThe @em presented to council an exercise in frustration.” makes unjustifiable demands of ton and Ottawa-&en four of reads : “We believe that mother“‘Really, there has to be some management. ” , Ontario’s 16 universities would be hood should be voluntary. W_e berational basis for wage demands. ’ I Also, he warns that management unionized, and that UW ought to lieve that Canadian women should Macintosh argued the. city:s may suggest that since this is the take- these events into-considerahave freedom of choice. Those offer is large enough to preserve the first time around only wages should tion. who are not prepared to bear a be discussed. because there is’ n’o workers’ standard. of living, since The position which his commitchild, desjpite alternatives to abo& most analysts predict an 11 per cent time to deal &ith the other issues. It tee is coming to, he iaid, w&s either tion that society can offer, should would be a mistake for the union to opt for a faculty association with Iincrease in the inflation rate-in the be able to have their pregnancies coming year. negotiators to agree to that, he more meaningful power than at safely and without - “As mayor, perhaps the easiest_ terminated says, since once wages are dealt present o&a union. Anythini in bedelay. We believe that medical with the pressure is off managething for me to dq,is simply to agree tween being very hardto find. \ facilities where abortions can be ment and they can delay on all with the transit. workers -give The chairman said that his_comperformed in maximum safety them their 20 per cent and everyother issues. &tee held diver& views on the thing-will be sweetness and light should be available to all Canadian - But these are tactics which the collective bargaining is&e. But exwomen, even if they live in areas again,untd the next tax l$ll!” UW faculty will probably not have pre,ssing his own opinion he said without such facilities, evqn if they The transit sys$em is already to face for some time. that there were both advantages costing Kitchener taxpayers are poor, even if they are youngAt a Faculty Association meetand disadvantages in uni@gzing “A law which provides access to ing Wednesday, $1,035 ,%>. this ye& and within fiveProfessor Don ’ a& &j&d ‘ ‘I don’t tl&k. &&i&g of-years it cduld cost taxpayei-s $2;4 abortion only to a’few and-o&y in Baker, chairperson of -a dom$ttee unionizing springs naturally in million, Macintosh saicf: some locations is unjust. We ask which is investigating the best ways times of grohh.. .it comes when

Prof’s

-Transit

;

union

job security-is threatened,” ai; ‘ ‘that environment might bring it to Waterloo”. For Mohammed a--choice bytween faculty association and a union is no choice at all. He said in an interview Tuesday “the pedple ‘at UW must learn from our ekperiences . . .that faculty dssoci&ions just get tokenism Tom management.” He added that “those people who become vocal in their efforts to organize will get picked off ooe by one-and the sooneryou orgatize as a group the betted;.” Mbhammed feels that the disx missal of Forest and the way things ‘are shaping up for Professor Marlene Webber whose contract seems unlikely to be renewed at Renison College are examples of professors who are being picked off for their organizing efforts. He waris that the dismissals won’t stop ther(: and adds “the sooner they get organized the better for them (the .UW facult 1.” to bed a little ’ “~~~~~~~~~~~~~o easier. ’ ’ -neil

docherty

’

the chevron

friday,

WATERLOO-

September

26, 1975

MENDS CONFERENCE October 3 .- 5 \

Sev,eral speakers, panel discusbiong, small group workshops, films, and informal sessiona on:

sexuality, perfbrm+ance, men & children, family law, men & therapy’:

Apairofglassesinmy~. Ickedup hitch-hikers (Geog. students) t Friday 19th by Fairview Plaza1 Phone I 745-4808.

Pdwsonal

Mfshanek & Gail expa’cthg a rfmn Mrs. vaorov8, cz4?choslovak p . contact the chevmtl. II K-W Scottish Country Regular classes Tue

Ii& Kardon Quad Receiver and W-5 speakers also Phillips tape mcorder, au@ reverse, ooquterized controls. 744-5596 George. Ski q.@ment; r&s: poles, boots (siqe 9) $45.8654657 tier 5pm. Three Siamese’kit8ens. Seal pint. imeks old. $25. B954857.

Raleigh Reo6rd lO+eed for sale. ExcelI#It con&ion. Phone 7449329. 68 Volk’s--As i!+New snows, good radio, bet&y-needs mechanically mkuledowner~nie864-6449. Bed, shgle $20. Chest of drawers $1/S. 884ai32. _ Qfflcestyledesk30K60andpedcladof-

Kittsnst0begivenawayto

A&Jroxlmately

good homes.

Sk weeks old.

Ride Wanted Ride needed from HamNon ob Waterloo. Will share opsts. Call 528-7452.

Attendance will be limited to men, _folIowing the precedent of the ’ women’s movement. As a part of theliber&ion of both men and women, it is important for males, as hav,e women, to see how ‘far they can proceed to discuss their sex roles with each other.

2372.

Registration forms & information available from Campus Centre turnkeys’ desk or Psychology Dept. office, second floor of Psych: Bldg.

For Sale

ad sponsored

by the Board of Educatkn,

Federation

fice chair. 8e$ offer. Phone 665-l 167.

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Saturday, October 4 930 - 10345 am Arts Lecthe ,

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the chevron-

. .

A ttica:. the- 7977 rebel/io~~-~ -

“We are men. We are not beasts nd we do not intend to be beaten

br drivefi as such: . . ” = These words by L.D. Barkley, a .oung black prisoner at Attica Irison in New York four years ago, ymbolized

the rebellion

by 1200

the itate’s assault on the yard. Within minutes hundreds of state troopers, prisonguards, and sheriff deputies stormed inside the prison. Armed with shotguns loaded with 00 buckshot, high-pbwered rifles with dumdum bullets, and handguns, the troops re-took &e prison in a massive show of force. When it was over six minutes later, thirty-nine men lay dead and over a hundred hadkeninjured-alltiom .. gunshot wounds.

risoners that began on September ,197l. Driven by demands for decent ood, medical care andlivingcondiions, the prisoners were metwith a massive armed assault on the rison ordered by then Governor Nelson Rockefeller. When the asault was over, 43 men lay After the state’~_retaking of Atlead-39 of them kill&d by the state Governor Rockefeller issued a jolice during the retakiqg of the tica, statement labeling the results “betbrison. Later in the afThe rebellion began at 8:30 on ter than expected.” of September 13, Deputy he morning of September 9, 1971 ternSion Commissioner Dunbar issued-- a vhen a work brigade refused linestatement claiming that two of the upafter breakfast to protest fhe fact hostages had been killed “before hat three prisoners had been today” and that one had been stabbeaten and thrown into solitary Dunbar also :onfimement the previous day. Soon bed and emasculated. he rebellion spread as prisoners ran stated that of the remaining seven, five were killed instantaneously by hrough the prison, freeing prisoners and two died in the prison bthers and overpowering guards. The prison chapel, the school, and ’ hospital. The truth was to come out some everal. workshops could be seen twenty-four hours later wheq Dr. :ciing up in flames. John F. Edland, the county medical Originally 50 ‘hostages were examiner, issued his reporteized by prisoners. A few hours Edland% autopsy found that all the ater eleven injured hostages were hostages were killed at the same eleased as a sign of good faith. The time on Monday, and ajl had died ssue of hostages was to be a focal from gunshot wounds. boint in the confrontation between For the prisoners inside it was he rebelling prisoners and the the beg&i@ of a brutal retaliation Sate. Inside, the prisoners organized by the-stat& Together with some National Guard members they n a manner one outside observer were later to describe massive and ater called “really quite democraic, in a town meeting sense.” The systema_tic beatings of prisoners by state troopers and guards. jrisoners presented their “practiL.D. Barkley; a young leader of :a1 proposals” to State Corrections the revolt, was seen alive by State Commissioner Oswald. These inAssembly member Arthur Eve :luded freedom from physical, nental and legal reprisals, true religiafter the state assault, but was later IUSfreedom, an end to censorship of found dead of gunshot wounds. For eading materials, adequate food md medical care, coverage by the itate minimum wage law, and the i-eedom to be politically active. While negotiations were going on )ver the grey wooden table conitructed in the open yard, state roopers and other police were gathering strength outside. State ‘olice Captain Henry Wil@ms told lis men, “If somebody on the Ither side gets killed, well that’s he way it’s gonna be. You’re to .ake no crap from anybody. Don’t ose your weapon and don’t lose {our buddy. ” A group of observers at Attica appealed to Governor Rockefeller: ‘(We are) now convinced a masiacre of prisoqers and guards may .ake place in this institution. For he sake of our common humanity, we call on every person who hears .hese words to implore the GoverIor of this state to borne to Attica to consult with the observer commit-

_The Aftermath

;ee, so we can spend time and not ’

ives in an attempt So resolve this ssue before us.” Governor Rockefeller refused the appeal and issued this -statement from his Pocantico Hills es:ate denying the prisoners“ldemands for amnesty: “I would not, zvenif I had the authority, because LO do so would undermine the essence of our free society-t&e fair and impartial application of the law.‘,’ At 7:46 on Monday morning, Se* tember 13, five days after the rebellion at the prison began, Commissioner Oswald g&e the prisoners an ultimatum-either accept the limited concessions he had made, or there tiould be an invasion. An hour later the _prisoners asked for more time. Then, inside the yard they voted and chose not to give in. At 9: 15 the first helicopters appeared over the yard and at 9:46, helicopters starting dropping tear gas. That marked the beginning of

the wounded in the yard it was over First we spoke with the principle four hours before <hey were taken keeper, we didn’t get no resul6 to a hospital for medical treatment. there. So then we petitioned ManFifteen months later a grand jury cusi, the ‘warden, and nothing -would indict 62 of the prisoners’ on there. Then we went to the comcharges ranging from possessiofi of missioner and nothing there. We prison contraband to murder. But tried to go about everything the not one state official, trooper, or right way and nothing ever happrison guard has been indicted. pened. In Attica we tried to do evCurrently in Buffalo, New York erything democratically, they call it thirty-five Attica defendants still democratically, and no results. face trial, with only two convicAnd this is the result. This is’the tions by the state so far, in the cases . result of all of the petitions. This is that have gone to trial. the result of the officers’ attitudes. Mafiy of the prisoners said it was This had to happen eventually.” their repeated, unsuccessful atIn a recent interview with Libertempts to change-the brutal and deation News Service, National humanizing . conditions at Attica Guardiman, ‘Jim Q’Day describes that led them to rebel. One prisoner one of the cases of reprisal by la&r described some of these conguards. O’Day had volu-nteered for ditiohs: -stretcher duty after the State as“The mess hall, the medical atsault : tention that you get, the attitude of the officers, these are some of the “Later in the day when I was things that led to the disturbance at carrying a prisoner back corn the Attica. You’re in there like an anihospital area to the cell area, there mal and it’s hot.” were four National Guardsman on “We sent a petition to the Comthis one strktcher carrying this guy missioner about the medical attenin... This was a huge black man, a tion and the food. Let me speak a very big built black man on the little bit about the mess hall. The stretcher. He was completely mess hall is ridiculous, it’s dirty. naked except his hands were banThey say that if you have desserts, daged in white and he had bullet wounds on his rear end and legs.” let’s say, pies, and in the afternoon “I told the guard that the prischeese, well this is set out on the table an hour before you get into oner had bullet wounds on his legs the mess hall, so that when you get. but he just didn’t seem to hear. He in the mess hall the flies are all over picked the head end of the stretcher / up and dumped this guy on his feet. it.” _ “Every otherweek-and this is a The prisoner fell over onto his fact, it can be checked out with the shoulder and like bounced bn this r&cords-you’ll hear on the ear- wet slimy cement and then this litphones that there will be a memortle man came and pulled out a ial service for such and such an in- -p hilips screwdriver. mate that died in the hospital. Guys “This entire time there are die there like flies and this is because prison guards all around on this the medical attention there is poor, same floor like within reach of this very poor.” man. There is also a mezzanine “We figured that we’ll go right above us with a lot of prison through the chain of command. guards and like they jus&looked the

other way. I couldn’t believe it when it happened. “The guy’s lying on his back with his knees up and the guard comes and stands right between himand he says, qf you don’t get up right now you’re going to get this right up the ass.’ A split second after that he stabs him five or seven times right in the rectum. The pris- \ oner just lay there and he started pushing with his legs and disappeared into the cell block area. “I just couldn’t believe it. I feel we would have tried-to stop this guy but we were frozen for a second and after that second, it was over. ”

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the-chevron

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friday,

September

26, 197

The marginal seatsI \ to yvat.ch,. _ j

The gains and losses from last weeks provincial election, are by now probablv familiar (te,ntRtivP standing: PC-5 1 NDP-38 Lib-36). But ‘between the lines’ of these numerical results which may bore or confuse us, are significant patterns which indicate that all three parties will be-battling hard in the coming months-both inside and soutside the legislature-in order to ensure their political futures. Ontario now finds itself in a shaky political stance; many vested interests and political futures have been attacked, or are at stake. The election results were not decisive: neither in the final outcome in terms of seats per party, nor in the winning margins for fourty,five percent of the ridings. We know of course that there will be a’minority government with all the negotiating and back&rbbing implied with that status .of the legislature. But the figures show more than that simple head-count when they are further I analysed. Example one: Fifty-six ridings were won with a margin of less than 2.000 votes over the nearest opponent (compared with twenty-eight such’ridings in the 1971 elections).

PC. (NDP) Dufferin-Simcoe (Lib) *Durham-North (Lb) Elgin (Lb) Hamilton Mountain (NDP) *Kingston 81 the Islands (Lib) Lambton (Lib) l Mkfdtesex (Lib) ‘Mississauga-North (NDP) Muskoka(NDP) l Parrv Sound (Lib) *St. Catherine; (Lib) fSault Ste Marie (NDP) Simcoe Centre (NDP) Simcoe East (NDP) Weilington~Dufferin Peei (Lib) metro rkiings of: St. Andrew&t Patricks (NDP) Scarborough Centre (NDP) YOrkWest(Lib) -

Lib. NONE

l AlgomaManitoulin

2’ w

’ P.C. None

‘t

*indicates less than

Frontenar+Addington (PC) *Grey (PC) Heidiman-Norfolk (PC) ,*Haiton-Buriington (PC) *Hamilton-West (PC) Lincoln (PC) *London South (PC) *Niagara Falls (PC) Quhte (PC) l Renfrew North (PC) Vktoria’Haiiburton (PC) Wentworth North (PC)

(Lib)

a margin of loo0 votes.

’

I N.D.P. (PC) Cambridge (Lib) *Carleton East (Lib) Durham West (Lib) *Fort Wiiliam (PC) *Peterborough (PC) Timiskaming (PC) Weiiand (PC) *metro rkfjngs of l Behwoods (Lib) Dovercourt (PC) Oakwood (Ljb)

l Algoma

Lib. 2

PC. Mississauga-East metro riding of “Orioie (Lib) ’ \

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N.D.P. 2 (1 of these by a margin of less than 1000 votes) Lib. KiMher&Wilmot

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N.D.P. metroridings of r)ownsview (Lib) Etrobiwke (Lib) Scarborough Ellaamnre IPC\ .

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Twenty-six of these fifty-six were another election. We can begin t actually won with a margin of less be wary of the increased politic; use of issues, legislation, publj than 1000 votes. Example two: Of the twentyfunds, subtle campaigning, the i! nine (only) ridings which changed suing of public statements, the rol of the media, etc . -bythose party hands as a result oflast weeks in COI trol of these tools. They’re afte vote, a total of twenty-three were acquired with a margin of less than you and your vote. They’ll be tq ing to soothe you more than eve] 2000 votes. -Twelve of these twenty-three were won by less than They may even try to scare you, c 1000 votes. otherwise find your vulnerabl It can be stated that less than parts. 100,000 votes in the ‘close-win’ ridA close look at the details of th ings combined constitute a potenelection shows that there are som tial for significant change in party twenty-three seats which hav gains, and thus future standings acbeen maintained, but with a margi ross the province in the next elecof less than 2000 votes, and wher tion. the new margin is a decrease fror . It can be concluded from this inthe last election. Watch-out fc troductory outline of patterns in the * these ridings; the losing contende election results that the future will doesn’t have far to go. be very active. A lot of people,will A second finding, as stated ear be eagre (more than usually) to enlier, shows that twenty-three of th sure a continuation of new gains, newly won seats had margins c when the time for new elections arless than 2000 votes. These win rive. ners are over the wire, but barel: -Other people will be trying their in. . A third area observed is th( damndest to make a come-back: -no matter what from narrow denewly created ridings which werl feats just felt. won by a margin of less than 200 The ehectorate will be played on votes. These ridings are new en more heavily than in the pasttities where ‘battles will probabl: -between now and the calling of continue. A fourth type of narrow win i those seats maintained with les than 2000 votes as a margin. Simila to the first type but where the mar gin increased this election, corn pared to the.1971 election. In thes ridings, past fights or races stil have not been decisive, but smal gains are evident. These four breakdowns of nar row -wins show a significan pattern-that there is a great deal a decisiveness lacking even in thl wins attained, and that a potentia exists for either sustained wins or ; come-back in the next election. The above four catagories ar mutually exclusive, and in all the: total fifty-six sets, or fourty-five percent of the legislature. In term of what it means -for each of the three parties, it goes like this: 2: narrow (i.e. less than 2000 vote margin) wins by the Progressive Conservative Party; 15 narrov wins-by the Liberals; and 19 narrov wins by the New Democrats. If we want to define narrow by i more precise margin, such as loo( votes, we still find narrow applie! to twenty-six of the fifty-six seats 11 for the P.C .‘s ; 7 for the Liberals and 8 for the New Democrats. Either method of analysis show: a definite-lack of ‘clear wins’. The! show room for great gains by tht losing contenders, if political gain! -can be made in the interim.’ The1 show the ‘need’ for winners ii many ridings to behave, more thar before, in politically advantageout manners if they want to keep thei foot in the door. -john

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Co-op ,provides ed-ible alternative I In spite of the recent closing of ie Waterloo Food Co-op store, the .itchener Co-op Foods warehquse ill remains a viable and progresve alternative for individuals inrested in obtaining wholesome hods at a minimum cost. The co-operative foods arehouse was organized this past pring in response to philosophical onflicts between members of the CIaterloo Food Co-op. The conflict nd subsequent break-up was esEntially a result of incompatible

proposals to solve the problem of committee structure employing financial losses incurred by the representatives from the cell units. previous method of operations. When the split occurred between members of the coop, it was the The warehouse, in contrast to opinion of some individuals that the the now-defunct store, has placed ’ more decentralized structure of the emphasis on co-operative activity warehouse might inhibit interperand volunteer service with. censonal contact and damage the sense tralized distribution of packaged of community that is vital to any foods. The members of the small co&operative venture. warehouse have divided themAfter more than four months of selves into neighbourhood cells operation however, it is the general which operate similar to mini-coconsensus among members of the operatives. These are linked to the warehouse that the reverse is true. warehouse organization through a The cells themselves have developed into strong community groups and the members find that their involvement and enjoyment in co-operative activities has been enhanced. Cell members take turns at vari-

Zarleton councillo~r wants airplane . ITTAWA (CUP)-A member of he Carleton student council is onvinced that Ontario students an afford $5 million dollars for a sed Boeing 707, set up a corpora.on to fly it, and then persuade stuents to use it. Dan Perley, the Vice-President f Internal Affairs of the Carleton tudent council, is so convinced hat he has visited the Boeing plant I Seattle and talked to senior excutives of the company. They laim the plan is feasible. , The Ontario Federation of Stulents disagrees, and has told Perley n a letter “the principle of such a :orporation is not feasible, the :os ts being prohibitive. ’ ’ Nor is his council very enthusiasic about the proposed Student Air Corporation. Council president >ave Dunn-says that with financial utbacks and other ‘student prob-

lems, getting into the airline business would seem to be “a contradic tion’ ’ . Perley is undaunted, and continues to investigate his proposal. His plan is to start with one plane, make a profit by the third year, and then buy more planes - new ones this time. Perley says students would get cheaper flight rates. than by commercial airlines and that running an airline would improve the image of students by showing them to be ‘ ‘responsible”. Someone who took a lighter view of the student airline controversy recently posted bulletins around the Carleton University centre reading: ‘ ‘Wanted. Commercial pilot. No experience necessary. Will train. Contact Dan Perley.‘? *He got one reply, from a commercial pilot with three years experience.

ous tasks such as picking up food orders from the warehouse, distributing food to other members of the cell from their home, packaging goods at the warehouse, pure hasing food from suppliers in Toronto or elsewhere, phoning in cell food orders to one ofthe central committees, and,managing the warehouse during the food pick-up hours every second Saturday. The structure of this food supply system makes it imperative that all members become involved in the operation. If you are interested in eating whole, organically grown goods at prices much less than those offered at health food stores, or if you are interested in challenging the corporate power of Canada’s food indus-

Elephants, tigers, lions and horses all romping and roaring around the PAC building, that’s what’s in store when the circus comes to campus on Oct. 8. The Hanneford Circus will give one performance that evening. It is a full scale circus- including the famous Riding Hannefords , Tajana and her Jungle Cats, performing elephants, trapeze, and other aerial acts. This troupe, which has been performing for over 300 years, now exhibits exclusively in gymnasiums, field houses, and sports arenas and is presented at a large number o,f colleges and universities. The crew is qualified to adopt a full three-ring circus to such build-

ings without damage to any portion of the facility. They will move into the building, set up, give a full performance, and move out again, all within a single day. The first Hanneford began per- . forming in the seventeenth century and his children and grandchildren followed in the family tradition. By 1900 the Hannefords had built a_ circus of their own which toured England, Ireland, JScotland, and Wales. In 1915 John Ringling bought out their show and the family moved their act to North America. Since then the Hannefords have entertained audiences through a wide range of media. In the 1920’s members of the’family appeared in silent films and on the vaudeville-

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try and enjoy participating in and . contributing to the community in which you live, then the actual time commitments of al food cooperative are a small price to pay. The co-operative covers overhead costs through a 15% mark-up on the wholesale prices in addition to a $3.00 per adult membership fee. The food supply includes flours, oils, dried fruits, nuts, seeds, noodles, grains, dried legumes, spices, teas, peanut butter, and more. If you are interested in becoming involved you are encouraged to get in touch with Doug Holland during the day at 8854211 ext. 3636, or Rick Green at 5764769 during evenings.

‘\

44 King .St. ,S.Waterloo, Ontario

576-773.0

stage. The present Hanneford generation has appeared in motion pictures and on many television variety shows. They have been featured at the-Canadian National Exhibition, the Calgary Stampede, and the New York World’s Fair. During this recent period the Hannefords returned to the operation of their own circus. AI1 profits made by the Federation of Students, which is sponsoring the performance, will be given to the Cadet Organizational Police School and 300 tickgts will be given to area handicapped adults and, children. Tickets can be purchased at UW ‘Federation office and box office, Wilfrid Laurier University S .A.C. office, Conestoga College activities office, and Sam’s in Kitchener .

the chevron ,

’

~ 1

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friday,

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september

26, 197i

Perspectives-United

Nation

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Frldy, zkpt. 26 9%M AM Doug Young 1200 AM Mike Ura 12:15 PM Story-“ Through the Ladrw Glass and what Alice Found There” 12% PM Mike ura 3XlO PM Gardenhg For Fun & Focxf Part Four-Today ‘Let’s Grow Our Orm Fruit’ 8. Teskay 3:lO PM Da~Thcq&n ,530 PM Mexico--Abdcat~~ MO PM PhilRagqrs 830 PM Trammndmtal MedtaQion

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OFS to <#studyeffects7 -of e!ectiim The outcome of last week’s prorincial election and its possible efect on the Ontario student movenent will be the main topic of disussion at the Ontario Federation bf Students’ (OFS) meeting this veekend. OFS chairperson &hn Shortall ;aid Wednesday that he expects ‘everyone ~$1 try to cut expenses lost-secondary education” and he would like to see students prepared o counter any such measures. iince the Liberals have criticized

over-spending in education and the Conser&tives are. already cutting back expenses, students qe left with the New Democrats whd at present are busy focusing on other issues sudh as yent reviews and mightn’t be interested in’education, / he said. However, Shortall expects theminority Cotiservative government will’ now be “more amenable to pressure from students.” To test whether the government will be more concerned with student issues, OFS will send a report

on student iid to,a provincial COI+ mittee charged with altering the present assistance program. The OFS report will be comprehensive in nature so that individual student councils c& make their submissions on local problems. Besides focusing on current needs- and new aid schemes, the pfovincial committee is interested in.comments on the Ontario Student Assistance Program (OSAP). The deadline for written briefs is Oct. 3 1, 1975. In a press release, the commit&e

onmttidents

lists nine “possible objectives” for student aid programs: accessibility ; equality of 0pportur;lty; equity; neutrality; continuity of support; responsibility; compatibility \with federal and other schemes; flexibility and simplicty . OFS will also discuss the relationship it will have with the On-‘ tario Public Interest Research _Group (OPIRG) since some.student unions feel they should o’ppose w

OPIRG on political grounds, Shortall said. . In addition, the OI% meeting will ’ look into the question of “free labor” at commuinity colleges where “students are performing a service without pay that otherwise would have to be paid for,” Shortall said. Nurses seem to be the bekt example of “free labor” as they ‘ ‘ai-e paying tuition for the privilege of changing bedpans. ” ,

Scholars /’I- to getprr’orify I In an effort to entice highly qualfied students to UW, th,e univer;ity studefi! aid committee decided tionday to recqmmend to senate tit scholarship students be given an opportunity to obtain on-campus residence before others in 1976. But before going to senate with :he request, thd committee will peet with the student villages’ warden to discuss the feasibility of reserving rooms for prospective scholarship students. The’committee based its request 3n the assuniption that if scholarship students were given a chance :o get on-campus accomodation, :hen the university would be able to compete be!ter with other universities for highly qualified pupils. Apparently the universitti has

been losing&se students because other universities are& theposition to off& fringe benefits such as guaranteed on-campus *housing. Committee member Ken Fryers, associate dean of mathematics, said he has received severti letters from students saying they would have come to UW had they been assured of universiq accommoda4:rr.r Fryers said that Queen’s University has a special system set up whereby rooms are automatically resei%d for scholarship students. “These rootis at Oueen’s are reserved on an academic basis,” he said. other committee However, members felt that to give what in effect will be preferential treatment I UUll.

to scholar&p students would be the same as “buying” students from a stronger position.

VW housing director Cail Vinnicombe said that already the student coupcils at the villages have eipressed oppositiQn to a scheme which gives special consideration for i university residence based on academic merit. Scholarship stu.dents coukl easily obtain on-campus housing if they weren’t so busy ‘ ‘shopping arotind” univerI sities for the best offer thus delaying . their UW application forms, he . smd. In short, “villagers feel schol&ship students should have the same Opportunity as everyone else ,” Vinnicombe said. \.

34 KING ST. N., WATERLO

TONlTE ,-FRI. SEPT. 26-8 p.m. THE CARETAKER by Harold Pinter .directed by Carl Gali

“The production is performed with professional polish by all three performers, with Maurice Evans dominating as the old man. William Chadwick and_ Gedi.ge Joyce portray the brothers.” -V. Stanton - K-W Record

Theatre of the Arts * Admission ‘$2.00 1 ’ Students & Seniokitiz&s $1.25 Central Box Office ext.. 2126 Creative, Arts Board, Federation of Students

742-4061

SPEEIALTHIS ’WEEK. ONLY I .

Regular 99

l6’Now

MON. SEPT. 29-1:30\.p.m. & 8 p.m. ‘CANADIAN. MIME THEATRE -presents “BEYOND WORDS-MIME BY FIVE’” 1 I:30 p.m. matinee-admission $1 .Ob (I- hr. ‘Idng) 8:00 p.m. evening-admission $5.00 .s / _) students and senior citizens $2.50 Humanities Theatre . Cent&l Box Office ext. 2126 ‘.

ART GALLERG,’ UNIVERSITY WATERLOO Sept. ll-Oct. 5 HAROLD FOSTER ’ .* “PRINCE VALIANT” Exhibition

An exhibition o’f original drawings and designs for the epic adventure strip, “PRINCE VALIANT” in the days of King Arthur produced by Hal Foster, a Canadian-born artist. From the collection at the Gearge Arents Research, Library, Syracuse, N.Y. ,

SIZES3 to 10

‘-

Con~p.in this week and be properly ’ fittbd in a wide range of casual, athletic at&recreational footwear by Putni~ I at

Gallery- Hours: Mon. - Fri. 9 a.m. - 4 p.m. Sundays 2 p.m. - 5 p.m. ‘I Free Admiss‘ion / . /

SAT. SEPT. 2if-2 p.m. Film: Prince Valiant

STORESIlk

GUELPH-U)WDOW-CHATHAM-WIW~~

' :;. ___

* >’

. One showing of the 20th Century Fox, 1954, colour film, “PRINCE VALIANT’Lbased on Hal Foster’s world-famous Sundaycomic strip adventures, starring RotSert Wagner, Janet Leigh, &James Mason. Filmed in the British,Isles, ” the medieval pageantry ig,family entertainment.

Thbatre of the Arts . Admjssion $1 .OO, students 50 cents

34 KlNG'ST.-NORTH

the chevron

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friday,

September

26, 1975

the chevron

ny studentsZanning OTTAWA (CUP)-In the year 2001 there will be 16.3 per cent more post-secondary students in Canada then in 1974. If this increase were gradual and steady, educational institutions and government policy makers could fairly easily make provisions to adapt. But, according to an educational statistician with Statistics Canada, the increase will be anything but “gradual and steady”, and he predicts that enrolment patterns between now and the end of the 20th century will have a significant impact on the life of the postsecondary community. In a paper presented to the Statistical Science Association of Canada, Zolten Zsigmond of the Education, Science and Culture Division of Statistics Canada, warns of “‘the potential hazards the future holds” if education planners fail to consider “demographic facts and their possible impact” on postsecondary enrolment. What makes rational long-term planning so complicated, and so important, he argues, is the roller-coaster appearance of the line graph projecting enrolments over the period from now until the end of the century. Whereas in 1974 there were 567 thousand post-secondary students in full-time attendance at colleges and universities across Canada, by 1982, according to Zsigmond’s estimate, this figure will increase 18 percent, to about 670 thousand. This projection is based on the increase in the size of the 18-24 age group, from which 80 per cent of the post-secondary student population is drawn. Zsigmond assumes the participation rate -the proportion of that age group that attends post-secondary institutions-will rem-ain at the current 20 per cent level until the end of the century. As the 18-24 age group rises and falls, so

will post-secondary enrolment, according to Zsigmond. Which is why the enrolment situation will dramatically reverse itself after the 1982 high point. Those born during the “baby boom” years will have already passed through the 18-24 age group and the post-secondary system, and the size of the group will then begin to diminish in accordance with the decline in fertility rates evident since the l%O’s. Zsigmond predicts the low-point in enrolment will come around 1992, when roughly there will be 520 thousand students, 22 per cent less than 1982. After 1992, says Zsigmond, demographic trends based on census data indicate that enrolment will once again start to increase to about 660 thousand, just slightly above the 1982 figure.

Planning hassles The problem of planning for growth in the post-secondary sector is,clear. For every 100 students that need teachers, classrooms, and other services in 1974, there will be 118 in 1982, only 82 in 1992, and 116 in 2001. If planners attempt to target to accommodate all the students needing facilities in 1982, they will have ,excess capacity after that date until the 90’s. And if they opt to plan for no more students than will be around in the 1982-92 period, institutions will find themselves short of resources before and after that ten year period. Zsigmond outlines some of the possible implications of demographic change and enrolment levels on the post-secondary sector. One is that the enrolment fluctuations will not affect all programs equally. Those faculties in which enrolment is determined more

by the availability of facilities than by the number of applications, such as medicine, dentistry, and other professional programs, will be less affected by demographic patterns than general programs. “It is the general faculties, particularily arts and science, that are likely to feel the effects of the population decline,” Zsigmond writes. “First year admissions (in these programs) depends largely on the number of secondary school graduates there were the preceeding spring. When the 18-24 year old age group starts to decrease, so will ‘general’ enrolment. ’ ’ The attitudes and actions of administrators will also be effected, he says. They will have to ask themselves “Is it reasonable to curtail current growth to cope with future decline? Should some programs be eliminated and academic staff reduced?” .-, And an important requirement Zsigmond says, will be “more effective and realistic budgeting” in the future, and replacement of the “usual single year planning: currently imposed by governments on post-secondary institutions. According to Zsigmond, those whose lives are apt to be most affected by the enrolment decline are teachers. If the current national student-teacher ratio of 12:l persists to the peak enrolment year, 1982, about 8,400 more teachers will be needed. But should this number of teachers be sustained the ratio will have fallen to 9.3:1 by 1992. Unless the ratio is lowered as enrolment declines, by the early 1990’s there will be about 12,500 “surplus” teachers-26 per cent of the present total full-time postsecondary teaching staff. And most of these will be in the general faculties.

Although the most economical solution to the problem from the administrators perspective is to cut back on teachers and course, Zsigmond says teachers and their associations would likely become more militant as their security is threatened. “The ‘years ahead are apt to be more marked by vigorous bargaining over salaries, tenure and class loads,” he prediets. Zsigmond is skeptical that the enrolment decline he sees for the 1982-92 period will result in decreased costs in terms of the system as a whole. Education, he feels, manages to make use of any increased resources and operating costs are unlikely to drop proportionate to enrolment. He cites the inflexibility of fixed costs, tenure, faculty unionization and the fact that the declines will be mostly felt in the relatively cheaper general programs as reasons. Capital costs, however, are predicted to slow down “if authorities plan ahead.” But even if the insitutions themselves find it difficult to reduce expenditures, Zsigmond feels that government-which pays 80 per cent of the post-secondary bill-might have cause of their own to become more active in reduction expenditures in this sector. Again arguing from demographic trends, Zsigmond points out that, as the size of Canada’s 18-24 year-old group declines, the number of persons 65 years and older is on the increase. “This means greater expenditure on hospitals, medicare, pensions, and senior citizens housing” and, he suggests, a decline possible in the post-secondary sector as a government I spending priority for reasons aside from the decline in enrolment. -peter

o’malley

nroZme nt projectiorix~so Ottawa (CUP)-What all this means to the current crop of post-secondary students, and those to come along in the future, depends on the decision reached by educational planners as to how to accomodate future trends, a subject for speculation. Based on past decision, the surest bet would seem to be that government will not pump in sufficient funds to provide the resources needed to handle the increasing enrolments forecast until 1982. To do so would mean “excess capacity” after 1982. Less resources, crowded facilities, and increased class-sizes (or more “term” contracts for faculty) would seem to be a more orthodox government response. A deteriorating quality of education will result when an increasing number of students are provided with a constant level of educational resources. This is not the only ( result to be expected. Student housing conditions, for instance , will likely worsen. What institution would build student residences to meet the 1982 enrolment level, knowing full well they will not have the students needed later to pay off the mortgage? Another result of increased enrolment is that the number of graduates will also increase until the mid 1980’s, meaning the already reduced value of the degree in the marketplace will continue to decrease.

And those students who contemplate careers in academia had better perish the thought, or start shoving tenured faculty aside in preparation for that day in 1982 when the student-as-commodity begins to grow scarce. This predicted deterioration in the quality of education and the reduction in its market value, it should be remembered, is occuring at the same time as federal and provincial governments are demanding that students borrow more money to pay for it. So student loan repayment will become an increasing burden, and the default rate is likely to increase. Those students who come later will not be in such a bad predicament. As the cost-perstudent increases they will need rich parents or bigger loans. But the product they buy should improve in quality. The reduced student-teacher ratio, the many years of teaching experience-of those tenured faculty who remain, and the wideopen spaces in classrooms and cafeterias could provide an enjoyable learning environment, even if it is a little less than dynamic. And as they graduate in ever decreasing numbers, they will find that graduates have once again become somewhat scarce on the job market, and are able not only to get jobs, but to command high incomes.

‘Good old days’ The situation described above for students in the 80’s does sound somewhat reminiscent of the “good old days” before the expansionary upheavals of the 60’s and 70’s, when post-secondary education was a comfortable preserve for the comfortable few. However, after 10 years, in 1992, the demographers show that once again the 18-24 age groups will be increasing in numbers and pressing for entrance to the post-secondary system. Are they likely to be let in? Will postsecondary education again see enrolment increase? Or will government policy see to it that the “participation rate” is lowered so as to avoid another round of expansion? The question is political rather than demographic because to say the university age group will increase is not to say that enrolment itself will increase. Student aid policies and academic admission standards are just two of the devices that can be used to determine actual enrolment levels. Admission standards are a good example. In Ontario, for instance, the great hue and cry about the allegedly low academic qualifications of students being admitted to colleges and universities did not gain morpenturn until the government had shut off the financial tap.

All that is really indicated by the nowpopular appeal for increased admission standards is that the system feels there are too many students, given current resources. “Raise the standards” simply means “eliminate students”. Will such devices be employed to reduce the .participation rate when the 18-24’s start increasing in number again in 1992? Government policy will decide. Government may listen to those who will argue that the failure of our economy to absorb the post-secondary trained manpower of the 60’s and 70’s means that we can not afford another attempt at “mass” post-secondary education, and urge that the “cooling off’ of the system as a result ofdemographic trends in the 80’s be continued by deliberate policy into the 90’s. And others will argue that the failure of our economy to provide jobs for graduates was just that-an economic failure, not the failure of the education system. They will urge government to maintain and increase the participation rate, so as to make postsecondary education “universally accessible. ” In any case, the winning side will be those with the strongest political base, who may or may not be those with the best arguments. They will determine the future of postsecondary education in Canada. --peter

A photo workshop with emphasis on darkroom techniques and a discussion of photojournalism on Wednesday,

Oct.

1, at 2:00 p.m. in the chevron office, campus centre

o’mal ley

2 I*

12 the ckmn

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friday,

se{

food in Carxtda : - _ a recipe .-fo-r,,prOfits . &po&e&unedpr*tiveunitswithprvtected contradictions inherent in federal fmd policy and guaranteed markets. Mitchell notes that aland capitalist food production in &n&a. thoughcorporaae&nsarestillsmallasaproporThe obvious discrepancy in the situation is t&t of Canadian +ulture, the trend is a prothat while agriculture in Canada has become increasingly underdeveloped, prices for food found one and, if not effectively impeded, could eliminate the working f&mer and decommodities take giant moves upward with the velop a system of corporate-owned agricultural ceiling nowhere in sitit. Between 1972 and 1974 the price indexes for production accompanied by ‘managers’ and such products as beef, bread,_eggs and milk industrial farm wage workers. have undergoneincreases between 23% and 46 Hard statistics are used by Mitchell to docu9%.Meanwhile, down on the farm, in 1971, H% ment this transformation, and they Speak of the of all farms had gross earnings of under $10,000 thousands of farms that have disappearedand of which represented less than $S,ooO in net inthousands of farmers that have left for the come. This occurred in spite of increases in url3an areas. The faces of these farmers are PO& disputes-over food prbduction within productivity by farmers of 6%. annually betakin to thousands of others who have been federal government circles have consistently ween 1945 and l!Y70. affectedmhe great Canadian tradition of rural found their way onto the front pages of Deduction shows consumer and farmer alike depopulation-a movement which is a part of 4hxtda’s daily press duringthe past two years. to be victims within the present system and in the drawing of wealth to the centres of power The disputes, however, have largely been turn raises new questions: Who is the middleand the creating of underdevelopment in the chara&s and a solutioa to the incessant waves man and whence his power over the afflicted hinterland. ~ of overproduction and shortages plus spira!ling parties concerned? The m&ration of farmers and the impoverishinflation of food prices seems at this point even Theanswer,according@TbePditksefFood; ment of more ‘who remain on the land more remote. can only be found by, placing agriculture is part of the longtenn and generdized destruc\ The latest episode in the’on-going charade within the context of the power relationships tion of the independent commodity producer, occurred last week and went like this. On July existing in the economy and society as a whole. craftsman and small-scale entrepreneur as 5th Eugene Whelan, federal minister of agricul“But the reality of the corporate capitalist syscapitalism has matured in Canada during this’ ture, announced that there ‘will be an impositem of production and distriiution,” writes century. With this there has developed increastion of import quotas on eggs moving into Mitchell, “ha been that we’possess power in ingly in the Canadian economy a polarization of Canada. Correspondingly, prig of the top accordance with phat we own in productive ewnomic relationships according to the classical four grz&s of eggs rose by six cents adozen. property or what we produce. The conflict model of capital and labour. While a great Four days later, like clockwork, Beryl within the system, in food production and number of the independent producers and merPh.rntre, ever-vigilant head of the Food Prices elsewhere, is primarily between those who c&t&s have over the decades entered into Review Board, attacked the federal scheme as--_ own and those who produce.” labour-intensive industry or into&e mushroom- .+ a creation of a monopoly for Canadian egg proFor those who ‘own’ in the food sector there ing whiteallar sector, manyofthe dis@sessed I ducersandasana&i&ononthe.Cz&&an hti been a decrease in numbers and corresfbmers have come to form a~nt+underM consumer, for whom food prices are alr*y pondingly., greater concentration of control class” of poor, living out on the far margins of out of joint. and power. For those who ‘produce’the oppoCanadian pmspe&ty* Out of this long-standing policy conflict betsite has occurred: the number ‘of farms has ween Whelan and Plumtre has emerged a declined drastical2y and the power of farmers cc)mmon view in which the farmer and conCost-price squeeze I s dissipated accordingly. The unequal exchange sumer are the main combatants in the current and centraGzed decision-making impkit in As Tk Editics -of Food shows clearly, thi? j _ fray over food. such a relationship is, for Mitchell, the source mainstay of this process (at least as it af&cts One school of thought, seemingly represent. I farmers) has been the cost&ice squeeze of the; of the current food debacle. ing the farmer and led by Whelan, argues that The disparate positions in which the farmer post-war period. The,cost/price squeeze is felt agriculture is underdeveloped and requires and the corporate concm with whom he deals when the rate of increase in the combined costs rapid adjustments, including higher food find themselves cannot be seen as occurring of production are rising faster than the gross prices. Beryl Plumtre and certain consumer apart, for they are the dialectical results of the return received by the farmer for the wmmodadvocates, on the other hand, c&i&e the govunencumbered movement of private capital ity-hesells. This is better understood when ernment for over-protecting the small farmer into Canadian food production ‘and Mitchell tells us that betieen 196i and 1969 whose inefficient production has forced prodistribution. *The -Pdtics of Feed provides total cashreceipts offarmers increased by 4596 cessors and ultimately consumers to pay inan excellent explication of bow this process ocwhile total depreciation and operating costs flated prices for farm products. curred atkl continues in /-Canadian agriculture rose by 70%. tCXhJL The pressure of the squeeze has groti in Underdeveloped agriculture The most salient feature of agriculture h this propor&ontotheentryofagriIbusi&sintotheI’he recently published Tlae P&ics of Food, country has been the transformation of the - farm supply sector and the food an&beverage written by Don Mitchell, begs to differ farming unit fkom a fairly decentralized, selfhdustryrI)riar to the 1920% food production in on this point and effectively reveals how this sufficient operatiqn to one charac~ by Canada was a x&&ively decentraked sector in misconstrued perspective obscures the real large-scale, mechanized and increasingly which loCai market areas were seK-suf&ient, The foollowing feature is a review of Don Mitchell’s book The Pal itics of Food. Pubhshed this past summer by lames lorimer Publishers, the book attempts to outline, on t.be.one hand, the increasing control over food production in this country by certain noncompetitive groups of corporations and, on the other hand, the decline of the family farm and, in fact, the demise of rural Canada. The implications of this dual trend are deafly set out. This review, written by chevron staffer Doug Ward, an emigre from .the northern hinterland now permanently entrapped by the glamour of the big city.

However, in the per in Canada after WC poured into take-01 centralization of the tries. Since then unl source of capital int Canadahasbeentio ‘elite, centred in a c trust companies Since then the main and distibution-f?( store--have been sc tin Toronto’s Bay S strue food product Canadian economy Swift, Safeway, De Kraftcotonameal The degree of m; the rival fms tid t markets and owners industry is, for M cost-price squeeze. And while the farr: of the dominant flmr. out fear of challent centration, the cons cially at the retaiI le ional concentration chainsbaveanywher .to divide between th In Mitchell’s opie agriiiness are con1 hn supply sector, e ‘wmbine market is si ufacturers. Featilim supplied by only six thew(ImpYialoilam ofthe market. Abou nate from U.S. ml Feedmiusarecunc grain com~es, plu BlilYIsandCanada& 8oofeedmillsinca 3w6oftlEmarke~1 Edtmers’~tain!edill secturscanscarmly Intkfoodproces

-75

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meat packers have 55% of the national market; ’ tinctly delineated in. The Politics of F&d. Somehow this fact-manages to elude govem) seven companies account for 85% of all f&it and vegetable- processing;~four companies have 77% ment inquiries and the, Beryl Plumtre’s of the world. The farmer, in the wrangle over food of the flour milling capacity and-four companies have %% of all breakfast cereal manufacturing. prices, has become the bogeyman and government assistance designed to help him, paltry as it ’ - It is in the retail sector, according to Mitchell, that concentration is most pronounced. is, is vehemently castigated. The scene of aggressive infighting for the past The irony of the situation was sharpest in the 15 years for control over the market, the food “rotten egg” fiasco in the autumn of 1974. At that retail industry is now dominated by five huge time it was found that the newly created firms: the Atlantic and Pa&c Tea Company Canadian Egg Marketing agency (CEMA) had (A&P), Canada Safeway Limited, Dominion had bee3 forced-to destroy 28 m_illion’ eggs Stores Limited, George Weston Limited (Lobwhich had gone rotten: Overproduction by > laws) and Steinberg’s Limited. Concentration of farmers was seen by most as the cause of the problem and Eugene Whelan and his concept of this depth: is inherently n&competitive, opermarketingboards received abuse from all quarates within guaranteed markets and has no little ters. \ . bearing on inflated food prices. The boost given As Mitchell notes, however, little concern food prices over the past few decades directly was expressed about the tactics used by the-egg relates to the growth of these chains and the processors to effectively sabotage the CEMA -corresponding loss of a multitude of small-scale, concept. They first used imported eggs from r independent stores. . the United States to cause a build-up of surplus b Vertical integration in Canada so CEMA would be forced tolower The/ concentration of markets, however, their price of ‘breaker’ eggs. CEMA refused to isn’t the ‘only card agribusiness has to play in its give in and eventually the federal government. role as middleman between a relatively imwas .persuaded to restrict the import of eggs consolidation - poverished farming sector and the consumer from the‘ U.S., but .the move was too late. 3’ besieged with high food prices. Equally effecinance capital Secondly, the processors, still refusing to lght about the- tive in the process of rationalization with the buy from CEMA at CEMA prices, actually goal of increased profits is vertical integration .cturing=indusclosed .down their plants, hoping to break the in which companies at various levels of activity : the dominant price floor. The surplus expanded and the @business in .- are owned or controlled by a single financial normal market for Canadian surplus eggs was mall corporate empire. taken away from CEMA by a boycott of Cana- Mitchell discusses in detail the two outstandrork of banks, - dian processors. Finally, CEMA was forced to ‘ante firms. ing Canadian examples of integration: The lower theirprices because they discovered that _ Dd production Bank of Commerce-Argus-Canada Packers eggs were spoiling in storage. The processors network and the Weston family empire. to the corner were again getting eggs for as/low as 25 cents a ors ensconced *The former’s combined market clout is masdozen and CEMA found itself in a major politist we misconsive. The CanadianImperial Bank of Commerce, cal scandal. lomaly fin the the nation’s second largest bank, provides ready As Mitchell writes: “The CEMA rotten egg le Americans: capital for expansion to firms under the umbrella $candal was not simply an issue of egg marketgill Grain and of Argus Corporation and Canada Packers. Six mg. It was a test of relations between produc_ directors of Argus sit on the board of directors of ers an@..the market generally, with as much tration among the Bank of Commerce. Argus Corporation is a application to other poultry commodities, holding company bringing together some of the’ integration of dairy, livestock and grains.” The influence of 311levels of the more prominent scions of. Canada’s financial egg processors, however, is small in relation to source of the community and, through select&e ownership of most agribusiness interests and they v?&e?,at blocks of shares, controls, among others, Don&~ the time of the-scandal, not integrated into 1 by the ability - ion Stores which is the largest Canadian superbasic egg production. Their fortunes depended:er prices withmarket grocery chain. Canada Packers, again via on their monopoly advantage as the sole mar: level of concross-directorships, is connected to Dominion ket -for an extremely perishable commodity. ’ is prey, espeStores and is the largest food manufacturer in The comparatively miniscule control of the egg 1terms of regCanida with 1974 sales at $1.5 billion. Canada processors can be seen by the reader to be a supermarket Packers itself is fully integrated fi-om farm pro _harbinger of the power of agribusiness in other 6 of the market duction to wholesale. Its president, W;F. types of , _ 1 - commodity production. M&lean, is also a vice-president of the Canadian 1all aspects of Imperial Bank of,Commerce, the Argus anchor - A few--firmscontrol ;opolies. In the bank. the tractor and George Weston Limited and Loblaw Corn-The control over food production in this ur major manpany Limited, the main holding companies for country, then, as The Politics of Food explicitly !n Canada are t& Weston family empire, represent between shows, is in the hands of a few major firms rs, and two of them- assets of $1.2 billion and 1974 sales of %3.8 involved in-supplying the needed non-labour iave55 percent billion. Co~ections within the-Weston Empire, inputs-and in the processing andmarketing of supplies emain the name of solidarity, are achieved, as in the product plus a few financial insitutions il companies. Argus, with directorship links. The board *of-d& with which they are directly orindirectly linked ong the major rectors of George’Weston Ltd. fans out and holds The farmer, whose labour gives-food its _ ackers such as director and executive positions in Weston value, fmds 1his position as an independent there are some Bakeries, WilIiam l!Jeilson Ltd., Loblaws, Tambcommodity producer steadily eroding. While ir largest have lyn Drugs, Kelly-Douglas, ‘B.C. Packers and formally still his own ‘boss’, the average lower over the McCormicks Ltd., all of which farmer, due to the highly integrated character _ are _ Weston subntrated supply sidiaries . of agribusiness, is essentially a link in arr:innated. The control that private capital has over food creasingly cohesive system. he three major production and its markets in Canada ,.is dis- __- This is &led ‘rationalization’ by the federal

. .

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government and is essentially the goal of fderal policy as found in the 1970 Task Force Report _ called “Canadian Agriculture in the Seventies”. It reads like this: “younger non-viablefarmers sliould be-moved out of farming through temporary programs of welfare, edu- . cation and provision of jobs in other sectors”. . . _ Agribusiness has a useful and legitimate role in securing..the requirements of farmers and should be considered an integral part of the agricultural industry.. .” In the estimation of the Task Force, the farm population should be reduced from % to 3% of the Canadian total by 1990. As things stand now, Mitchell feels, the fariner will become a machine eventually; that is -to say another wage earner in a corporate enterprise in which--the means of production are to be alienated from him. The implications of this for the consumer are grave, Food corporations will have the ability to press for *prices as high as the market will -bear. In a country where, in 1971, the median wage earner made only $4,800, the ability to purchase certain types of food will certainly be curbed, For all classesin’society there will be a serious decline in nutrition as corporate heads strive to cut costs through synthetic foods. ’ Such possibilities, however, a.r+ not inevitab ble. Within the government’s policy of allow; ing agribusiness free movement in its aim of rationalizing production and distribution of food lie the seeds of its defeat. The f&er and consumer, both victims of the present system, j could, through joint action, become ‘agents of change. Don Mitchell’s book is a valuable contribution..- to that struggle. .

friday,

the chevron

September

26, 197!

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Recommendation For Mercy is a fii about a fourteen year old boy on trial for the rape and murder of a thirteen year old girl. The movie is loosely based on the 1959 trial of Steven Truscott. The names of the people involved have been c hanged and the time updated to 1%4. The time sequence in the movie is disjointed and cluttered with flashbacks and fantasy shots seen through the imagination of John -; Robinson (Andrew Skid) who is on trial for the rape and murder of Fran Bailey (Michele Lanset). There is an abundance of gratuitous violence and sex which is heavily handled. The show begins with a hunter carrying a bleeding rabbit. The scene reappears later in the movie and has little connection with it. We are taken into the slaughterhouse owned by Fran’s father to see men elbow deep in blood and entrails. ’ The brutally murdered girl, tion is Frank (Robb Judd) who does whose bloodied face and battered an excellent job as a cruel and conbody is already infested with magspiring friend. gets, flashes coldly on the screen in In spite of its rawness it is a very police photos and in John’s minds powerful movie. eye. The film is deliberately ambiguHer murder is paralleled earlier ous and the audience must ultiin the savage beating of John’s best mately decide for themselves what friend Brucie (who is exactly like is fact and what is fiction. “Piggy” in The Lord Of The Flies) John is the only suspect interroby the leader and bully of the gated for the murder although there group, Frank. are other and more likely candiThis morbid fascination with viodates. It is as if everyone wants him lence is commercial and unnecesto be guilty. As his friend Frank sary. him says 9 “the police arrested The acting is often unconvincing didn’tthey’so he must be the one.” and at times painfully amateurish The trial is a farce, there isn’t any and affected. A noticeable excepevidence for the defense. Two of

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John’s classmates lie in court for nc accountable reason. John’s crime is that he was the last person seer with Fran before she was raped ant murdered. When his lawyer questions hin John says he is still in jail because his father doesn’t have enougl money or power to get him out There’s no justice for the poor ant powerless. John has been psychologically tortured during his trial ant throughout his imprisonment. He if bombarded with endless psychiat ric examinations and they all begir with, “Why did you kill Frar Bailey?” The movie ends with John five years older (speaking like a dazed victim of a frontal lobotomy operation) admitting that, “I have made one dreadful mistake in my life and have paid for it with five years of my life. I know I can now live in society on any terms it sets for ‘me.” This is a major departure from the true story as Steven Truscott proclaimed his innocence when he was released after ten years of imprisonment in 1969. The society John is so eager to return to is made up of his brutal friends, his scared parents, the beefy policeman, the hostile men of the jury, and the indifferent lawyers and judge. He is the “rehabilitated” innocent in a guilty society. -judy

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26, 1975

ton John WY sky Empty Sky, originally

released in ne of 1969, in Britain, was one of lton John’s frst albums. Since at time Elton has become a rock ’ roll superstar; a popular musian who has put together 12 allms in his career and delighted an ltold number of people live in mcert. Elton John’s success story history and therefore needn’t be peated here; however I think it is lportant to say that Elton has :en successful by being in the pht place at the right time, with Le right sound, and it all began ith Empty Sky.

He is one of the richest rock stars to date and so, as I see it, has no problem in re-releasing an album which had almost gone ignored in North America for some six years. Empty Sky was put on the shelves at the beginning of summer of 1975. It was then packaged in a different cover than the British Import, the only copy of this album that could be obtained here until then.

pointed with the sometimes “crude” treatment on the album that this is in fact one of the aspects which makes it “great”. You can look at that idea with whatever level of cynicism you usually attach to such statements. I think that it is important to examine situations like this with a certain objectivity; for it is too often that bands “m&e it *big” and then in a rush of fame push anything that ever held their name. In such a competitive field I don’t believe that the early grovellings of a band represent anything more than that, unless there&is genuine talent held therein. Enough of a lecture for now. The timing in the re-release of Empty Sky is significant, because it came a short couple of months just before Elton Jdhn’s autobiographical Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy album was released. It is in this new album that Elton and Bernie reflect back on the days in 1%9, in 10 beautifully written songs. Elton has stated that this is his favourite album of all that they have done. It is no wonder, for the music is the best that he has done in a while; and Bernie’s lyrics are so totally descriptive that we have no trouble following the story of what life was like for them in those days. In fact direct reference is made to the album when he sings, “our Empty Sky was fdled with laughter.” Throughout whatever has happened there will always be fond memories. I believe that the timing of these two releases was a well laid plan, designed not only to convey musical messages, but also to reveal a more complete story of their earlier life to us. The total effect makes for interesting reflection, if you are at all a follower of Elton John and Bernie Taupin. Musically Empty Sky is quite a bit different from the most recent albums. Elton hadn’t refined his music then. He was exploring with various styles; and though he has never stayed very long with one exact style he has cleaned the

song is a ball-ad which carries much music up since then. The tunes are feeling and depth with it. It is one of melodic, flowing; carried by the the best songs of the album. vocals and various keyboard in“Sails” returns to a rocking tune and struments. As admitted on “CapThere is vocals belted out. tain Fantastic” they are “simple some good guitar work here by tunes” and “naive thoughts”. The band consisted of Elton Caleb Quaye. John, Caleb Quaye, Tony Murray, ‘ ‘The Scaffold”, another Dylanand Roger Pope, with a couple of like vocal tune which plays about other people taking supporting throughout the song, at times . . sounding like a nursery rhyme. It is roles throughout the album. a fairly rough song. “Skyline The album begins with “Empty Pigeon” features the harpsichord Sky”, a bouncy, rocky tune, with on one channel and Elton’s vocals infiltrations of blues throughout. on the other. It is an emotional and This is carried by the flute and harmonica. “Valhalla” is a simple song. The two channels gradually combine to reach a beautmelodic song featuring Elton’s iful climax, and ending. It is one of harpsichord playing and vocals. the other really good songs on the The remainder is simply backup album. My only complaint is that necessary to carry the tune. The the song is too short. vocals are given almost a choir-like “Gulliver” is next, a song which depth at times, while the harpis nicely done y&t does not stand sichord is always right up front. “Western Ford Gateway” features out as a musical great. It leads into “Hay Chewed”, apiece which starts the organ and guitars, in a short countrified song. The vocals belt out as a jazz song, and then becomes a medley which takes a out more like Elton was to do a few years later. “Hymn 2000”, again a few bars from each song on the smooth flowing song carried by the album and runs them one after flute and Elton’s vocals. There another. I think that it is a cheap trick, and a waste of time. The are some rough breaks of tempo here, but with experience these album would have ended better were ironed out in later years. This without this display. Historically, Empty Sky is an inis one of the songs where Elton’s voice sounds deceptively like Bob teresting album, but it can also sell Dylan’s. on its music. It was put together with care, sincerity, and perhaps To begin the second side is “Lady What’s Tomorrow”, most important, talent. It’s a good piece of music for anyone who has another song where the vocals imenjoyed the early Elton John. itate Dylan. It is difficult this; -bill mccrea perhaps just growing ‘pains. The

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Inside, Eric Van Lustbader writes a short piece which both sets the scene of 1969, and also explains the delayed arrival of Empty Sky in North America. He_ also tries to convince those who may be disap-

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ctwvron

friday,

september

26, 1975

lntramurials The North Kiosk was the site of yet another ‘intramural tournament his past Sunday evening. The event was the 6th Annual Ring Road Bicycle Relay Race. Five teams consisting offour bikers each, managed to pedal their way through a small gale which was followed by a drizzling raii. This did not, however, dilute the spirits of the participating athletes, especially the Science entry, which emerged victorious with a total time of 1652 min.

Coriipetitive

Village 11South’ tackler

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Conrad

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recorded a 73-6 win. PholDbylarry~

The attendance at this years meet almost doubled last years number, with 42 competitors braving the frosty autumn night under the bright lights of Seagram’s Stadium. mer a smoothly run mini-meet, the defending champions St. Jerome’s, again with their strong participation numbers and team-

work, amassed a total of 233 points from their 26 competitors. The five men from L Eng however put up a good show, collecting 142 points, placing 7 1st places out of the 12 events held. One,record was broken this year-in the men’s pole vault. Jim Baleshta of L Eng broke the old record of 10’7” with his jum5, of 10’8 and a half’ which gave him fist place in this event.

I Curlers

Imperative meeting to &ganize the University of Waterlo0’s curling club, miied leagues, Men’s Competitive L&ague, and instructional program, Meeting will be held Wednesday, October 1 at 7:OOp.m. in PAC 1083, not 1001, as previously announced. All in- , terested curlers must attend. Be prepared to pay $10 per termdlub :,fee! Swimmers Starting this Friday (Sept. 26) re.,creational swim hours will be 9:00-W30p.m. not 8:30-10:3Op.m. Instructional diving will start Saturday (Sept. 27) at 1 :OOp.m. All interested should meet in the Pod-PAC at this time. Also, starting, Friday (Sept, 26) 7:OO-9:OOp.m. in the pool, the NLS (Na~onal Lifeguard Service) will be offered for all those interested. There will be a fee of $15,00. The Distinction & Diploma course will also be offered and will begin -Sutiay (Sept. 28) at 10:30a.m. in the pool. All interested must have their Award of Merit as -a prerequisite.

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September

26, 1975

the chevron

Female The University of Waterloo Soccer Warriors opened their season last Sunday with a 5-2 victory over the University of Guelph Gryphons. The game was an example of the fine play the Warriors should exhibit this season but a mix up before the game, however, was reminiscent of the problems the soccer team encountered last year. The game was originally scheduled at Seagram’s Stadium with a 290 pm kickoff. IHowever, on the Friday previous to the game, coachRon Cooper was informed that the match would have to be played at Columbia Field, although the players would still change at Seagram’s Stadium. The Warriors at Columbia Field arrived shorly before 2:OOpm, but an Ontario Cup Junior B game was already in progress and they had

Sailing team / Location: RMC, Kingston, Ont. Last weekend the Warrior navy sailed into battle as an unknown quantity in the fist regatta of the Fall season. They emerged as a serious contender for the Canadian Championships. The A Division team‘ of Ron Vandermey (skipper), Mirek Sharp (crew) and the B Division team of Doug Brown (skipper), Peter Skala (crew), provided a constant threat to the strong Queen’s team, which included the Canadian Laser Champion. The Regatta was the first of the Fall season for the Canadian Inter: collegiate Sailing- Association and was also an intersectional event, open to a limited number of American teams. It was sailed at Kingston in RMC’s ‘420” class of dinghies. Both Queen’s and Waterloo outsailed the highly ranked Yale squad (number 4 in North America), providing clear evidence of the intensity of competition. Final standings : 1. Queen’s 2. Waterloo 3. Yale 4. RMC 5.CMR. For Sailing Team information contact Roger Watkiss, 885-3 188. -roger

watkiss

written permission from the University entitling them to the field. The game was eventually played at the Stadium at 2:45 without goal nettings or soccer markings on the field. The Warriors didn’t let the delay bother them as they quickly got on the score sheet. In the 5th minute, using the wind to his advantage, goalie Marcus Klein kicked a long ball down field. Luigi Circelli, making a solo effort, pursued the ball and out raced two Guelph defenders. Luigi put his left footed drive in the lower right comer. The game was halted in the 15th minute while the nettings were put up and the field properly marked. The delay didn’t affect either team’s play, for as play resumed, both sides made some good goal scoring efforts. Guelph’s Robert Lister carried the ball in close, only to have Warriors’ Paul Stevenato make a fine defensive play to stop his shot. Warriors also threatened when Circelli took a hard drive on goal but Guelph’s goalie was in position to stop it. Circelli was not to be stopped so easily. In the 22nd minute, he took a long pass from halfback Tom Dabrowski, again out ran the defenders and Circelli put his shot in the lower left corner. For the next while both the Gryphons and Warriors had some good chances . Waterloo’s Zenon Moszora had a long, hard drive pass over the crossbar. Guelph’s Robert Lister had a breakaway but Marcus Klein was in good position to stop the ball. Guelph used the long pass most of the afternoon and the early going saw the*Warriors have some problems handling Guelph’s attack. Guelph’s fast goal occured on a long pass play, which created a scramble in front of the Waterloo goal. Klein stopped the frst two shots but Guelph’s Mark Bratt put the ball past him in the 37th minute to close the score to 2-l. . The Warriors didn’t let down, and in the 44th minute, halfback Dave Grundy advanced the ball to Guelph’s touch-line where he crossed it to Gerry Williams who back-heeled the ball into the net. The first half ended with the Warriors leading 3-l. The second halfs pace slowed somewhat. Warriors’ Bob Stevenato and Zenon Moszora both

received ankle injuries and were replaced early in the half. The Warriors continued to control the game although Guelph did miss some good scoring, opportunities. Luigi Circelli scored his third goal of the game in the 65th minute when

fag

Canadian Football League beware. The next franchise could come fi-om the gridirons of U of W. After witnessing the exhibition series of the women’s intramural flag football series there is no doubt of the awesome talent that the girls possess. The girls weren’t content to rip at flags. They went for jerseys, pants, and each other. There was some pretty solid hitting of the bonejarring nature.

football When the smoke and bodies cleared Village II South had defeated Conrad Grebler 13-6, Lakeshore Lemmings had shut out North Quad VI 2-0, and the West Bees had taken Village I South 7-6 on September 22. The men’s intramural soccer .moved into its second week. In last week’s action the Grads downed Village South 4-O and Renison hammered Hammer House 3-O. -larty

maenpaa

Bert Van Hout, into the upper left comer. Guelph got their second goal on a similar play (to the Warriors fourth goal). Several Warriors missed a cross-ball on a corner kick and Guelph’s Robert Lister headed it into the middle of the goal for the SCore. As the game wound down, the pace slowed even more. Waterloo’s Dave Grundy concluded the scoring in the 85th minute carrying the ball up the left side, passing ahead to Gerry Williams , who set him up for his shot, which sailed into the upper left

Soccer Warriors should be contenders for the league title. The Warriors played Western on Wednesday in London but results of that game were not available in time for this report. play F The . . Warriors . . . .good,

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The Waterloo Warriors football rookie Bill Boug turned the game game, making quite a few key tack/around for the Warriors. Boug les and keeping the defense toteam will go into Saturdays game looked aiittle shaky at times o>n his against Laurier with a record of two gether. sweep plays but moved the ball The Warriors suffered a little on wins and no losses. The team has well, once he got the feel on the two bad snaps from centre. Despite won all three of its games, including dne exhibition eame wainst Carleteam. this fact, they managed to convert I The defense held their own two third-down situations with a fake ton and are no; tied h first place against the Yeomen. They had a punt play. with Guelph. All the Warrior footlittle difficulty stopping Bill ball fans are overjoyed at the prosAll in all, the game was a good pect pf a winning team this year. Hatanaka, who scored two touc’hone. It -was great to be back in Seagdays, but two key interceptions Last Saturdays game against the ram Stadium and it was even greaby Doug Crdssman were able to ter to see the Warrior football team Y&k Yeomen looked pretty bleak during the first half. The game offset the score: Kirk DeFazio win again. _ could have’ been termed as a piayed an, excellent and consistent +none fellner “Comedy of Errors” for both teams. Turnovers angenalities were heavy on both sides and made the game frustrating to watch. By the foprth quarter, the Warriors got ; In the first cross-country run of ’ OUAA circuit. However McLaren their, offence together for an impresthe season, the Warrior team was to have the race to himself as sive 87 yard sc’oring play to down finished a very ciedible third behe pulled away from Northey at the the Yeomen 23-16. hind Queens who placed first and , 3 mile post. Northey was’ never The replacement of starting Western. The five mjle, 200 yard seriously challenged for second. quarterback, Steve Connell with c’ourse consisted of plowed fields, a A bright poifit in Waterloo’s stream, a locked ,gate, mud and a team was the performance of Mike mother-of-a-hill., Lanigan. Mike had jus’t come off a fairly inactive summer and only Dave Northey was Waterloo’s had a month oftraining behi?nd him. top runner, finishing second -in He finished 8th in 28:32. 27:38.8 behind Grant McLaren, a The other Waterloo results were: member of Canada’s national team, Ted McKeigen 14th; Stephen Peet who wag frst in 26:X2. John Mil‘i28th; Dale Irwin 34th; B. Lowery lar of Western was third in 28:07. It 42nd; C. Spiers 49th; G. Kay 54th; was McLaren and Northey, oneDoug Ward 63rd; M. Sage 67th; M. two all the way as they led tke large Smith 69th; A. Church 74th; G. , field of 81 runners over one of the Marshall 76th; P. Stachour 77th. Stereo Record Players better cross-country courses of the 4teven pete

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September

the chevron

26, 1975

UgbV was scored by another forward, Fro Dave Haynes 9as he broke from a strum on Mat’s seven yard line. Ralf Jarschow, inside centre, ran the ball over for the next two tries and kicked the conversions. The Trojans’ performance was Saturday afternoon, while most of similar to the Warriors’. Tries were the university watched the footscored by Ron Woods, Rob Laser ball team beat York at Seagrams and Ron Fukishima. Wip Watson Stadium, some seventy odd specconverted two of the tries. tators at Columbia Field were The Rugby Club has been practreated to two of the finest rugby ticing for two weeks, but it was not games ever played by the Univeruntil Saturday morning that the sity of Waterloo. Both games Warrior and Trojan team lists were marked the high caliber of rugby posted. “It was hard choosing who that has recently been achieved at was to go where”, stated Derek the Ontario University level. Humpheries, the club’s head coach. The Waterloo Warriors and the “This year, unlike past years, we Trojans won their respective have depth and balance. We are games, 20-3 and 16-O. McMaster strong in every position and have at was unable to score a try in the two least two players for each position games, but they did draw first capable of first team play on any of blood, scoring early in the first the other OUAA university sides. ” game on a penalty kick from the This year, Humpheries feels the ,Warriors’ twenty yard line. The Trojan$ side can be at least as good ’ Warriors answered the kick with a as last year’s Warriors. The club’s try scored from a loose ruck by second side has many seasoned veterans and almost as many newwing-forward Jeff Sage. Waterloo threatened Mat again before the comers who are picking up the game quickly and who are in as half closed, when Ralph Jarschow put the ball out to the wing, Isaacs good shape as the Warriors. Humpheries is calling for two and Dyer carried the ball for fifty team championships this year. He yards, only to have it brought down at the one yard line. has the personnel and now he is concentrating on the basics: runThe second half saw the Waterloo team explode. Waterloo’s forning, kicking, tackling, and ‘condiis everywards played inspired rugby. Bi- tioning’ . Conditioning loted by pack leader, Ken Brown, thing this year. Last year the teams second row Ontario allstar, the seemed to fizzle out in the last half forwards were relentless in their of the game. This year, Humpheries says his pursuit of the ball. Carson Taylor 6’5” and Ken Brown 6’4”, the team will be able to outlast and outteam’s locks, won over sixty-five , power the other O.U.-4.A. contesper cent of the lineouts in the sec- tants. Already they are in better ond half. Waterloo’s second try shape than last year’s team was at

the end of the season. Humpheries’s words seem to take shape when you watch his teams play. From the start of both games McMaster was outplayed. Waterloo’s conditioning was evident when in the second half they scored three tries and allowed McMaster past the half way mark only once. Waterloo’s support was incredible, as one run went seventy yards on eleven passes. This year eight new players have cracked the varsity line up. The seven returning team veterans are all enthusiastic about the spirit and the potential that this year’s club is showing. Coaches Downer and Humpheries were happy with their teams’ performances. They point out that Mat had a great team, their forwards were strong, winning as many strums as Waterloo, and their backs are believed to be some of the best in the league. McMaster’splayers, last year’s Ontario University seven aside champions, were not over-rated. They were good but Waterloo was better, everywhere.

Waterloo’s next test will come certain that this will be the year. this Saturday against York UniverCome and see.the action at 2p.m. sity . York has always fielded winSaturday afternoon at Columbia ning rugby sides and Waterloo has ’ Field. It’s a game you won’t want yet to beat them. Humpheries is to miss. a

Sports staff meeting Sporting persons and those interested in covering sports for the chevron are invited to attend a meeting to be held on

Monday, Sept. 29 at 4:30 pm in the chevron office, campus centre.

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1 f I I

wards female is reflected in the way that brought up on a sparse diet with little properfectly normal and healthy phases of tein. The skeletons of ancient times clearly women’s lives are viewed as almost show this kind of discrimination: Calvin pathological episodes from -which women WelK, ,a British. medical anthropologist will ‘ trecaver” to become more or less studying Saxon skeletons in East Anglia, has human again. Judith Bardwick’s views of shotin that girls began to suffer arrested female biology fall neatly into the expectabone growth (a sign of malnutrition) earlier tions of the culture. She is a well-known in life than boys. In pre-industrial societies, author of numerous articles on the psycholincluding all societies before the Industrial pgy and physiology of women and teaches Revolution, men lived longer than women, It psycholtigy at the University of Michigan. is only in indust&.l societies. where nutriShe ,, sees ’ menstruation, pregnancy, tional differences have disappeared and conmenopause as “normal crises”. The lantraceptive and childbearing practices are guage used is revealing in itself: Why would safer, that women on the average live longer ,a normal event be considered a crisis? In the than men. And yet: ideology set up by scientific sexism, with In our times, the shortage of worldwide winners and losers in the competition with fertikrs will probably have an impact men, the m&age is clear: very few women on the life expectancy of females in can expect to make it as “normal healthy countries like India. -I~_The _ food shortage, women”. We are not all qualified for it. which India is facing, will increase Bardwick accepts enthusiastically the malnutrition and deaths among female “premenstrual syndrpme” hypothesis corchildEn andaduks because of the tradirelating variations in women’s emotional. tionai preference for males. , states to the menstrual cycle only. In the We can only speculate at this point, on premenstrual phase, women are supposed to the impact that living in a non-sexist society be more prone to accidents, to be admitted to would have on the physiology of women. the hospitals with psychic disturbances, ta Being recognized and accepted as full human get involved more easily in criminal acbeings could lead to a fuller expression of tibns.. . Here is some of the supportive data: genetic potential. In a real way, the struggles for women’s rights would affect the biologiWithin the /a&ix months there has been a cal make-up of females. number of serious and fatal accidents i among women pilots and at the rime of these accidents it was found that they were in their menstrual period...Some localities in the United States have been practically depleted of women pilots by In making predictions on future methods * accidents. of fertility control, Con rraceprive Only recently have poignant criticisms Techno& lists 29 potential methods ta regubeen raised rendering the “premenstrual late fertility in the female, nine for the male syndram’e” a shaky scientific hypothesisd and six far use by either male or female. This discrepancy is too well known to dwell on. It Bardwick herself has contributed one -of is worth commenting, though, about the the. major pieces of sexist research: an experreasons that are still offered to justify the iment to stud.y changes in the contraction of situation. Sheldon Segal, vice-president of the uterus in response to sexual and nonthe Population Council and director of its sexual gtimuli. The contractions were tieasBiomedical Division writes in his article ured by means of a small ‘water-ftiled balloon “Contraceptive Research, a Male insertvd into the uterus. Extrusion of the Chauvinist Plot?” that the scientifii &tabballoon was-interpreted as a response to the lis hment does not discriminate against experiment and an aggressive ending of the women, it is NaturPherself that has decreed situation. The experimental “highly-paid” it so+ “Even the forces afw”omen’s liberation subjects are classified “passive and sexually camiat change the fact that the reproductive anxious” (losers) or “notranxious, notanalogies between male and female end with passive’* (winners) depending on whether ~sperm transport and egg transport, and that they extruded the balloon or not. The win+ all subsequent events potentially subject to ners always kept the ballmn, when sexually aroused they had brief uterine spasms sugcontrolled interference occur only in the gested (by links with other experiments) as female.” In the female there are many more steps in the series of reproduction events the “normal” response of the pterus during that would be amenable to manipulation, he . coitus which could increase the probability of conception. .. argues: The maturation of the egg, avulation, egg transport, fertilization, zygote There is no way of knowing the influence transpog *nd elation to the cervical mucus, of sexist ideology on the expression of the implantati,on. In male contraception, there human coten&& of women. In general, the are four areas where research is being done: importance of the “environment” can praduceon”of the sperm, sperm storage, hardly _be overemphasized. Over- the past sperm transp&t and chemical cunstitu tion of 100 years people have not only been getting the seminal fluid. If one cared to do so, one bigger but also getting bigger earlier. There could argue that males are theidesil target for has been a dramatic decline in the age of contraception: they present a simpler picpuberty which is attain+ today 2 and one ture to start with and adeep understanding of half to three and one half years earlier than the biological mechanisms involved in sperm it \was a century ago. These changes are production c&d ~ attained rapidly. Furthprobably due to better nutrition, mare proteins and calories in’ early infancy, less dii- . ermore 6&s are fertile f& most if not all of their lives; while the fertility of females deeases, increased psycho-sexual stimulation, cnases with ag6 and ever&My disappears. and in general, the environmental-factors reBe&use of the menstrual cycle and its lated to the living conditions of people. changing levels of hormones, the study of The’ emotional environment in which a females is bound ta present many more human being lives, the degree of love and complications. . acceptance of an individual &ve a powem impact on his/her growth. Emotional depri- I A look at some of the research done on’ vation was probably the main cause of the male contrackption reveals a care and s~ctacularly high mortality rates in the 18th scluprdous attitude rarely found anywhere, and 19th cenmi-y children’s homes. In reelse in the cantieptive literature. A good viewing the information on children who are example is the work done in the sixties with abnormally short and thin for t&eir age the the diamines,, a grip ofl compounds that mostcommonfindingis rejectionafthechild totally supresses sperm production without by one or both parents. A physiological interfering with sex hormone production. pathway is created whereby the deprived These compounds were teSted in male prisemotional entionment affects the endoconers and looked extremely promising. The-. rine system and has an impact on the child’s first difficulties v when the subjects ingrowth: impulses from-.the higher brain gested alcohol: dizziness and then other centres travel along neural pathways to the symptoms were n&iced. The experiments hypothalamus and through ntiurohormonal were halted, as-it s_eemed that the drug was mechanisms act an the pituitary gland, the associated with a higher occurence of mastergland of the body, and one of the rehepatitis. Contraceptive Technology reports: sults is abnotial concentration of growth “It is now uncertain whether tk suspected hprmone I he@otoxicity was indeed drug related: thns Difficult emotional relationships in reevaluation of the prospects of this class of adolescence, particularly between mothers drugs should&e done.” As a comparison, and daughters, can result in extreme loss of the story of the development of the pill unappetite (anorexia nervosa). Adolescent avoidably comes to mind- The ori@nal apgirls in this situation may stop menstruating: pioval of the FDA for marketing’of the drug the emotional environment halts secretionof was based pna study of850 Puerto Ricanand the pituitarian hormones that mediate 132 U.S. women during which five of the , ovarian function. Puerto Rican women died and no{autapsies From old time on, females have been’ were performed on them. Ultimately, after Ptreated in a way that gives them less oPa the Nelson subcommittee hearings, a statechance for a lay life. Female itinticide has ment found its way into the piI padcages. It been mlich,niore common than n&e’contains na warning and blandl~~~ggests tickle. In classical Athens little &IS were Gontinued on p9.21

Science and Sexual Politics

Worntin as -A Sexual Objects _ our attempt to expose the current science framework with its subtle ways of on the basis of sex and race, we are rephting this article by Rita Arditti, who is working at Union Graduate Sch& in Cambridge, Mass., where she is also involved in

In line with discrimination

presendy organizing

a women’s

bookstore.

What science offers today (like religion in the proportions and on @e movement of the earlier times) is a system of beliefs and ideas human fw” show onIy male wres, dethat allows us to crtite some sort of meanlivering blows, pulling, leaping, squashing. ingful pattern out of the information ,our In the anatomical drawings the external senses ,receive. Scientists are,, in general, genitalia of the female appear confused or blissfully unaware of the tie of reference absent: the labia mi~lra and the clitoris are in which work takes place. The scientifii often missing in his drawings. community is composed mainly of white The clitoris, though it was well known by middle class males who have accepted the the Greeks (kletoris), disappeared from myth of the neutrality of science and been anatomical drawings, unw it was rediscosocialized into the professiorial value sysvered in 1561, Gabriello Fallopius, who tem. Taken by the seemingly neutral daystates proudly in his ‘LObservationes today data gathering work, they ignore the anatomicae” I fact that the basic assumptions of their culThis organ, because small and hidden ture permeate their work and act as in the thickest part of the pubis has reguidelines for their interpretation. mained uhown to anatomists, and so I As has been recognized by historians of am the first to describe it and 1 first descience, the tradition in which most scienscribed i-t a few years ago and if there are tists still work and think derives f?oti the ohm&at have mentioned it or have ,model proposed in the 16th century by Franwritten about it YOU should know thar cis Bacaii. In Bacon’s terms, Nature was the they have heard it rh h me and $0 for enemy and science ivas the instrument for its this only reason tky % ’ not have such control tid domination, a way of recovering god knowledge. (my trixtqlalion) the last dignity of “man”. His “House of Solomon” still hovers in our times: a group DJisgust for genital odours and nastyof male scholars, devoted ta scientifii re- smelling substances such as menorrhea search and the pursuit of wisdom, eminently fluid are desctibed vividly by Linneaus: qualified ta guide a utopian society. From “We c-only flee from such odours,” he this vision derived the European scientific says in his chpters on the Human Condition. societies, elite male institutions “par excelIn the nineteenth c’entury the female body lence”. Clearly no place for women in this ais seen as’ ruled by the’reproductive system, scheme, except as objects of study. We live in a patriarchal culture that de- women did not have sexual feelings. human&s women, setting them up as ob70 return to the ovaries, about which jects, the “Other” in relation to the “One” we wwe speaking: rhey it is which give ‘(male). Scientists have usually looked upon man all her characteristics of body and studied females as the reproductive sysandmj~d...iftheovariesaresoessential tem of the species, reducing them to their to the well being of the individua/ in reproductive organs, their secondary sexuaI health, these organs, when diseased, characteristics and/or their sexual be‘must exercise a potent influence in dehaviour. In gene@, the scientific communranging the brain and nervous ity has offered in a subtle but consistent way, systems. - The imperfect development “scientific” rationalizations for the seconof the ovaries retards the development dary status of women, and played a limited of the higher nerve-centres-As we restrictive function instead of a liberating, &now, a very large part of the &rain and creative one. No wander then if the study of nervrt power is devoted to reproduction wonien carried out in this fashion reinforces and, if that function is never established & is part of the sexual politics of the culbecause of the absence oj the ovaries, ture. the brain and nervous system alle never fully developed. In s&h a case the

Wrong Beginnings: The Hum& Body is Male

’

If tie follow the scientific view of women thtaugh the ages, we cw see that frm the earliest beg&i-, the ideal of a healthy humanbodyconvergedwiththatofahealthy male body. Galen, whose teachings dominated medical education fpz over a thousand years, saw females as less developed than males, -their imperfections being a necessity for the survival of the species: _ Well then, Adotie was right in thinking the

females

less perfect than the you ought not to think that our-Ceator wouldpurposeiy make half of the whole race imperfect, and, as ’ it were, mutilated, unless there was to TV some grea t advantage in such a mutilation. ..

male...Indeed

The imperfection’of the females consisted in this: while the male reproductive organs are turned inside out, those of the female remain inside, because the female is unable to give them the final eversion. The adiantage for the species would be that in this way the female would be “colder” and less likely to disperse her nutrients so that they would be available to the fetus. Galen’s authority in the medical field went unchallenged until the Reqissance-

In a very real way.

his teach-

i&s are still with us: people still think of spirits and humours and people still see females as imperfect males. In the Renaissance, theconcept of human as male was further developed: “This my. depiction of the human body will be shown to you &t ,,assays t+.ugh&u+ad dog&& &‘~P$a real in m,s)-p .* * before V&Nl, introduction to his projected and never cqmpleted anatomical treatise. His work “On

nervo4 system remains upon a lower plane and the woman usually evinces mental weakness and often derangement of intekct.

Ideology in Birth Control Research

That women hiid contributed so prly t0 the sciences is explained in the following way. “Extraordinarily important parts df the brain mcessary for spirituaI.life, the frontal cwlvolutio* and the temporal lobes are less well developed in women and this differences is Morn.” Thtq respiratory system of females was, also thoughtto be d&rent, until 1894 when Clelia Masher Duel in her report ‘*Respiration ixi wmeh" demonstrated that there was no sex& difference in the type of respiration,; that clothing was the most iniportant factor is the prod&&n of the female costal mpiratioii and probabry a factor aIsa in the production of gall stones, more tiequent in women than in mea, She also made the connection*between clothing and paioful menstmatioa. As skirts grew-short& and lighter and waists grew larger, fbe health of women improved. A result of hgz studies was the resolution adopted’by the&St International Conference of Women P$siciarrs in 1919: Yhe corset is a surgical a@lGance needed only by the average woman who is over fat or whose lack of muscular develdpment needs ta have artifbl support,” She also stressed thatunder normaI conditions theriz should be no more women suffering with disbrders of ’ the generative organs tbaa with distutbances of the digestion, respiration or heart. f-, -HOW ’ / Today,

Culture “Makes ‘it i Biubgy”

the ambivalence

of our-culture

& -c

friday,

September

26, 1975

continued from pg. 20 that women should periodically see a doctor. The original 600-word statement, warning women of the symptoms and dangers of blood clots, and cautioning women who suffered from diabetes, epilepsy, high blood pressure was subject of a stormy battle between the AMA (American Medical Association), the FDA and women’s groups, and it was withdrawn. The question of the safety of the pill is still wide open, but 8 to 9 million American women take the pill every day. The plight of women as objects of study in the contraceptive field today is masked by consent agthe practice of the “informed reement’ ’ . The case of Depro Provera is to the point. At the present moment (May, 1974) the FDA has withheld approval of this drug as a contraceptive agent. This decision came as a surprise since in October 1973 the FDA declared its intention to approve the drug for birth control for women who signed the “informed-consent agreement”. This agreement, written both in Spanish and English, states that: (1) She has been informed by her doctor of all alternative methods of birth control and of their reliability; (2) She is either unable to tolerate these alternative methods, or she refuses them; (3) She is aware that Depro-Provera has been found to cause tumors in beagles and some of the tumors are malignant; (4) She realizes

that it is not known whether she will develop tumors in her breasts as a result of the experiment; (5) She has been told that she may experience side effects caused by the drug, including permanent or temporary sterility.’ This drug has been administered to about 100,000 women in the United States and several times as many in other countries. It is considered unique among contraceptives because it can be administered by intramuscular injection once every 3 months and so speciglly convenient for women who are “undermotivated, unreliable or mentally deficient’ ’ . It has recently been shown that Depro-Provera users have cervical cancer rates several times higher than women who do not use the drug. Secret transcripts of advisory groups meetings have revealed that Upjohn (the company that markets DepoProvera) (1) combined results of DepoProvera studies in 11,500 women although -the dosages given them had varied widely; (2) used a statistical method that the FDA’s own experts have declared faulty; (3) ignored the Pap smears that suggested malignancy; (4) did not report all the animal data. Depo-Provera appears also in connection with the forced sterilization of poor black1 people; MinnieLee and Mary Alice Bell of Montgomery, Alabama, the two young black women who were sterilized without their knowledge or consent on June 14, 1973, by the Montgomery Family Planning Clinic, had been given shots of Depro-Provera. In fact, their mother had signed with an X the surgery consent forms thinking she was authorizing more Depo-Provera shots. While poor women in America are the target of mass experiments, women of the less technologically advanced countries of Europe are also being used as objects of study. In 1%9 the Yugoslavian government and the FDA signed contracts to conduct a major series of studies on the safety of oral contraceptives. The research was expected to be five times. less expensive than if conducted in the U.S.

the chevron

What the new advances in contrq$eption reserves for women is another matter of speculation. It is dubious that hormonal contraception will ever be perfected to eliminate all side effects and there is likely to be great resistance to hormonal methods for males. It is possible that one,of the new areas to develop will involve control of the hypothalamus via the cerebral cortex. What this means is that more sophisticated neuro-endocrinological drugs will be developed that will act on our higher centers and our minds, literally, will be the next target.

The “New” Biolow “New” Biology is the fancy y&m currently used to describe recent developments in genetic engineering, reproductive biology, neurological control of behaviour, etc. Fertilization of human eggs in the laboratory and procedures to put those embryos back in a uterus (implantation is one of the areas where work is rapidly progressing.) The womb that will receive these embryos can be that of the women that furnished the egg or that of a different women, thus raising the possibility of a woman “doing” a pregnancy for another women. Nature, a prestigious -British scientific journal; reports on this work:

Have set up a charitable trust to attempt to increase the pace of their work on helping infertile women . . .The growth of a human embryo in a test tube, which was hailed with such publicity a few years ago, was pioneered by Dr. fdwards and Mr. Steptoe. This work which is primarily designed to help wives who cannot have children by normal means a/so has several other beneficial effects not the least of which is to obtain a greater understanding of congenital abnormalities . . .Ova are removed from the wife by laparoscopy-a minor operation where a need/e is inserted into previously prepared ovaries through the naval in order to remove the ova. The ova are fertilized by the husband’s sperm and then grow for a matter of days in the laboratory. The process thus far has been perfected but the problems of implanting the few days o/d embryo in the womb to grow and develop normally are so far unsolved.

Edwards expects to accomplish a successful implantation that might lead to a normal pregnancy in the next year or two. One of the by-products of this research will be the possibility of choosing the sex of the embryo whose development will be carried to completion by simply implanting only those of the desired sex. (Sophisticated techniques to detect the sex of embryos by chromosomal analysis are also being developed.) Needless to say, this research raises a myriad of ethical and political questions. Which embryos are going to be implahted? Who are going to be the “surrogate” mothers? Who are the women who are being used in these experiments? What exactly were they told? Do they consent to the operation to remove eggs from their ovaries under the impression that an embryo will be implanted in their wombs? How clear is it to them that at least for the moment they are only experimental subjects?

The women who participate in this project are usually infertile because df blocked oviducts. Edwards says: “We tell women with blocked oviducts, your only hope of having a child is to help us. Then maybe we can help you. ” This is probhbly a simplified view ot the situation: blocked oviducts constitute about 20 percent of the causes for female infertility and can be treated by traditional surgery. In many instances they are associated with abnormal ovaries and this would make the procedure non-applicable anyhow. To describe the procedure to obtain the minor operation” eggs as “laparoscopy-a is, to say the least, an optimistic professional view. It involves a program of hormone injections; at least 24 hours in the hospital with general anesthesia; distension of the abdomen tiith an inert gas; incisions in the abdominal wall with insertion of a telescope and an aspiration device to collect ovarian follicles. In Britain there are approximately 20,000 women who want a child but cannot get pregnant because of blocked Fallopian tubes. There are about 10 million women of reproductive age, one million who are pregnant and one million who are actively avoiding pregnancy. It is somewhat ironic -that Edwards and others choose to work in an area whose social contribution will be in “helping infertile women” when the scientific research establishment claims widespread concern about overpopulation. In this day and age, the umbilical cord, the physical link between mother and child still catches the fantasy of a probably well-meaning scientist. The nine months of pregnancy are given central attention and modern science outstretches itself to ensure biological motherhood. ’ It is useful to review some of the characteristics of the scientific establishment before trying to articulate thoughts around the issues of feminism and science. The training of most scientists and the conditions governing scientific research today succeed in allowing scientists to be interested in scientific progress in a strictly technological way without concern for human values. The scientific establishment is part of the power structure and the needs of the scientific community are met by financing from the government or powerful private institutions. The main type of behaviour expected from scientists is professionalism: treating knowledge as private property above a democratic review, seeking a privileged status with credentials, -avoiding evaluation or even egalitarian discussion with the people affected by their work and dependent upon their performance. In science, there are practically no competing schools of thought. The community is run by consensus and the members of the establishment are the only judges of the work that is done by its members: they set the standards of what is going to be accepted as “good work”. Very few women participate actively and there are practically no feminists’ or feminist points of view expressed. What then would be the components of a philosophy that would fit a feminist perspective? First of al’1 a feminist perspective would involve the creation of an environment that maximizes the development of minds and bodies and encourages positive attitudes towards one’s own biological identity. It would involve the conversion from an exploitative value-free technology to a commitment to a humane technology: to preventive medicine, fair distribution of material goods and educational opportunities. Love and identification with the object of study would be necessary components. Scientific research that would finally take the interests of women into consideration will only be developed and carried out in a life-oriented society in which sexism does not exist anymore and in which feminist priorities are priorities of the whole culture. The gap between scientist and non-scientists will decrease in direct proportion to the acceptance of women and the concept of selfhelp would be fully accepted and fostered by the scientific community. Females would no longer be considered the sole reproductive units of the species. A priority would be given to the area of health related to women and children. (The U.S. today runs 15th among the nations of the world in infant mortality rates.) The myths surrounding menstruation and menopause and the value of hormonal therapies given to women in different moments of their lives would be clarified. The whole area ofproductive research, contraception, would

be revised. A list of possible topics of research would include: serious efforts in the study of male contraception to begin closi,ng the gap between the methods now available to both sexes; developing pregnancy tests to detect pregnancy before a missing period and research in methods for early abortions; precise determination of the time of ovulation; research into diseases that affect mostly women like lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthfitis; methods for the early detection of cancer of the female organs, etc. However, the individual attitudes of scientists alone will not be enough to stop the subversion of new kriowledge that takes place all the time in our culture. The technology that derives from new knowledge is continuously used to buttress the interests of a profit-seeking, anti-life economy. Witness, for women, the use that corporations have made of the new, two minute pregnancy testing methods: the telephone company (particularly the Bell System) screens the urine of women applicants to deny employment to those that are pregnant. (“Using pregnancy tests in hiring is discrimination against women. ’ ‘) A feminist perspective would not hail new technological developments as ‘ ‘liberating’ ’ because it would realize that the oppression of women is not the result of biology but of the social constructs around it. In this respect, it is paradoxical that the excesses of an impersorial technology developed by males in a sexist society can be viewed as important for the liberation of women. Advances in cloning, out of the womb reproduction, choosing the sex of one’s child are sometimes considered of great importance for females. Some feminists consider that the elimination of menstruation or pregnancy would be beneficial, since pregnancy, for instance, is hazardous, “ugly” or ‘ ‘primitive’ ’ . This can be viewed as the ultimate victory of patriarchal culture. Instead of viewing pregnancy as another existential dimension available to women who choose to explore it, sexism succeeds in making even women see pregnancy as barbaric and debasing. The truth is we do not know what we would think of pregnancy in a non-sexist society and what is usually barbaric about it is the lack of choice and the pressures that are brought to bear on women to become mothers. As for the new fancy modes of reproduction it would be good to remember that the burden of motherhood is not the nine-month gestational period but the lifelong relationship and the emotional commitment that develops between mother and child. The theories that propose modifications of biological phenomena as important in the struggle for liberation seem short-sighted and contain the promise of a technological “fix”. Technology will not erase 50,000 years of female oppression and technology that tries to dominate Nature is what has brought the human species to the brink of destruction and ecological absurdity. We do not have to go “beyond” .nor to “overcome” biology because the physical body is not limiting us. In other words, biology is not where it’s at. When elitist and rarefied research is presented as a service to women we have to realize that the rationalization for most of this research is an updated version of “Biology is Destiny” and another example of the sexual politics of science.

We ‘d Zike some 1 feedback Collecting good articles, which provide a progressive critique of science-related topics, and reprinting them in this section of the paper, was just a start. We would like to advance and develop a study, discussion, and working group capable of articulating the relationship between society, politics, and science. The formation of such a group is seen as an important contribution to the campus community, providing a so far practically non-existent forum for progressive politics in science and engineering. If you consider this to be a worthwhile effort‘ and would like to cooperate in building the science and technology section in the chevron, please contact George at the chevron-office.

the chevron

friday,

September

26, 197

Vietnam fights ecology damage American soldiers have left Vietnam but the legacy of destruction which they left behind will remain for generations. The worst of the ecological devastation sprang, not from the use of high explosives, but from defoliants, napalm and the experimental use of various chemical herbicides which combined to sterilize much of the in’% productive /and in Vietnam. In the following article Wilfred Burchett, a correspondent for the Guardian, reports on the struggle of the Vietnamese to rehabilitate themselves and their /and.

By Wilfred Burchett Newly liberated South Vietnam is now waging struggle against a long-range legacy of the war-the U.S. attempt to turn the once-fertile land into a “moonscape.” This was one of the primary themes at a war crimes exhibition opened here Sept. 4 by Trinh Dinh Thao, vice president of the advisory council of the Provisional Revolutionary Government and head of the Alliance of Democratic and Peace Forces. The geographic extent and long-term economic effects of the U.S. chemical and biological warfare were graphically demonstrated at the exhibition. Over 43%-or 5000 square miles-of plantations and orchards were totally destroyed. About 44%-r %50 square miles - of forest lands have also been entirely destroyed. This means in the areas of total destruction that plants or trees must be replaced-and will take from five -years to a century before this land can become productive: One of the worst U.S. crimes in this sphere was the destruction of the mangrove forest which formerly covered nearly 400,000 acres of the Camau peninsula at the southern tip of Vietnam. Aerial photos show vast wooded areas reduced to small stumps and withered roots with useless wild grass growing between the former trees. Two-thirds of the whole forest was completely destroyed. The giant mangrove forest and about 100,000 acres of smaller forests scattered around South Vietnam had been priority targets of the U. S . because they could give shelter to liberation fighters or the people who supported them. U.S. efforts to destroy the mangrove forests took no account of their importance for the livelihood of the populace. The use of chemical herbicides killed or poisoned much of the area’s fish and sea resources, which included oysters and lobsters . For generations the U Minh forest had been a source of charcoal, an important domestic fuel here in Saigon and a producer of export earnings from Hong Kong and Singapore. U.S. chemical warfare units repeatedly sprayed the

areauntil two-thirds of the U Minh forest had disappeared. Two American ecologists, Profs. Pfeiffer and Westing, investigated and publicized the U.S. actions, arousing worldwide protests which were made by leading scientific bodies and prominent scientific workers, including several from the U.S. But even Pfeiffer and Westing did not realize the extent of U.S. destructive activity. After the forest was relatively dry it was extensively napalmed so that almost 100,000 acres burned like tinder. The same thing was done in the smaller mangrove forests around Vung Tau and in other areas. There are now debates among South Vietnam’s agricultural specialists about what should be done to remedy the damage. The suggestions include plowing up -the destroyed trees and converting to rice production, starting “farms” for diverse uses such as producing shrimp or raising alligators and replanting the forests from seeds which could take as long as a century to return to anything resembling what was there before the war. Any plan which may be adopted will require enormous investments. The independent Saigon daily Tin Sang reported Sept. 5 that thus far 1,293,OOO Vietnamese have been made ill or have died as a result of poisoning by herbicide residues. By 1%9 half of Vietnam’s croplands had been sprayed with herbicides are apparently also responsible for an increase in certain diseases such as normally rare forms of cancer.

‘American

Grass’

In areas where defoliants were not totally effective, the U.S. also used giant bulldozers to eliminate all vegetation. I visited one of these regions, the Cu Chi district, about 20 miles north of Saigon, which I first saw in 1964 and again in 1965. It was formerly a verdant market garden and orchard area, supplying Saigon with vast quantities of vegetables and fruit. I remembered its shady trees and the hospitable people who knew how to safeguard revolutionary secrets-therwise I would not have survived. A decade later the vegetation is gone but the people remain. A large number of the National Liberation Front cadres who served as my guides in 1964-65 have survived. At that earlier period some of them brought me within five miles of Saigon. Today there are no more market gardens or orchards. They have been replaced by what the local people call “American grass .” After emotional, tearful reunions with gaunt-faced companions of a decade ago, we set out with the Lao Dong (Workers’) Party district secretary, Hai Quang, driving along paths which I had earlier travelled by bicycle. Nothing I could see was recognizable except my companions.

To summarize an epic story, there was a 10-year-long battle between the 120,000 residents of the Cu Chi distric and the Saigon puppet regime. Cu Chi was considered tc be a key gateway leading to Saigon and for that reason the people were subjected to a greater repression and a greate intensity’of bombing than any other area of South Viet nam. When the degree of repression became intolerable the populace moved out but the cadres remained in tin! shelters underground. Whenever the repression woulc ease, the politically advanced peasants would return Some left and returned to rebuild homes six or sever times. Finally the whole area was defoliated in order tc drive out peasants once and for all and to remove the cove] ---.- _ that protected the cadres. “The year 1969 was the peak as far as destruction wa! concerned,” said Hai Quang, a graying, lean-faced vete ran who remained throughout the struggle, living within : radius of several hundred yards from the puppet distric headquarters. “Giant bulldozers were used,” he said, “tc. wipe out rubber plantations, sugar cane; citrus groves orchards and cultivated fields, to destroy the fish in pond! and to raze the newly built homes. After everything wa: bulldozed out of existence U.S. planes flying- low carnt sowing seeds of this ,” he recalled; waving-his-hand at the only vegetation one could see, “what we call ‘Americar grass.’ (The grass grows in heavy thickets seven to eigh feet high and by the spring of 1975 bulldozers were needec to remove it.) “This forced us to disperse our forces,” continued Ha Quang. “Cadres were dispersed in underground shelter: from dusk to dawn, emerging only at night. “U.S.-Saigon strategists believed that the high gras: would tempt the resistance forces to reestablish base> there and during the summer of 1970, when the grasse: were dry, tens of thousands of gallons of gasoline were dumped over the whole area, which was then napalmed, setting off prairie fires which consumed everything in the vicinity. “The cadres had anticipated such tactics and moved the people and bases out of the danger zone. But one of OUI difficulties ,” said Hai Quang, as we drove through mile after mile of the ‘American-grass’ desert, “is that we da not know what will be the long-term effects on the soil 01 chemical defoliants and met hanical removal of vegetation. The destruction of vegetation has led to the drying up 01 many small streams which formerly watered the area. “At the moment we are concentrating on short-term food crops that don’t need irrigation. But-we are thinking about developing large-scale plantations for which we witi require soil surveys-and scientific evaluations of the effects of defoliation before we can determine what crops will be suitable for this area.” The war crimes exhibition also provided statistics on destruction of farm animals. In 1963 there had been 820,000 buffalos, while 10 years later this figure was diminished by 400,000. During the same period the number of cows and oxen declined by one-quarter. But during that decade the population of the South increased from 15 to 19 million people.

Criminal

Roll up! Roll up! See the napalm fly! MIAMI (ZNS-CUP)-The Reverend Carl McIntire of& cially broke ground last week on the Vietnam Village Tourist Attraction he is constructing in Florida. The Fundamentalist minister has sponsored 56 Vietnamese refugees who, he says, will be dressed in “authentic costumes” and will play the paFf of besieged villagers under warlike conditions. McIntire’s Vietnameseland features not only an Indochina village, including ducks, chickens, and water buffalos wandering about thatched huts, but a lifelike heavily-armed Green Beret camp nearby.

McIntire told Newsweek magazine that the special forces camp will be equipped with a speaker system that will blare out the noise of war as American tourists ride through the area on Sampan boats. The Reverend explains : “We’ll have a recording broadcast a fire fight, mortars exploding, bullets flying, Vietnamese screaming.” He says the air raid sirens will go off, and G.I. actors will storm the village. M&tire says that tourists who “get into the spirit of the raid” will be invited to take cover with the Vietnamese in the huts. There will also be souvenir shops selling Vietnamese knickknacks as well as snacks of rice and noodles.

‘Scholar’

One of the Americans whose moral bankruptcy is highlighted by such statistics is Samuel Huntington, professor of political science at Harvard University. He was a special White House advisor on Vietnam and was the author of the U.S. ‘ ‘urbanization’ ’ strategy which sought to empty the countryside of its peasantry in order to destroy the revolutionary forces they supported. Because of the intensive bombing of “free-fire” zones in the countryside in line with this strategy, people naturally sought safety in the cities. The urban population increased from 15 to 43%. The shift from the countryside to cities swelled the population of Saigon, which was 450,000 in 1954. By 1971 there were 1.8 million people living there and by the end of the war the figure had reached 3.8 million. Statistics for the towns and cities reveal some of the results of Huntington’s “urbanization” program. At the war’s end there were 370,000 war orphans in the cities while 430,000 children had died of war-related causes. When peace returned, South Vietnam was left with 3 million victims of venereal disease-of whom 350,000 lived in Saigon-a half-million prostitutes and a half-million drug addicts. One million people had tuberculosis, the disease closely associated with i-mpoverishment. The new revolutionary government is doing everything possible to help the victims of U.S. war policies. In addition to measures to cure disease and to rehabilitate people socially, the government is providing substantial assistance for those who wish to return to their villages or to open up new land. The state is providing free rice and technical assistance for these people. The food subsidies are to continue until new crops are harvested. These benefits are also available to junior officers and ordinary soldiers of the former puppet army, as well as civil servants of the old regime who wish to return to their original villages. Nothing can ever erase U.S. war crimes, but the government is working energetically to remedy their consequences without waiting for the U.S. to fulfill its obligations to assist Vietnam in “healing the wounds of war,” as stipulated in the Paris Peace Agreement.

friday,

September

the chevron

26, 1975

Why can’t you admit when you’re wrong? I have followed the “Renison Affair” since the very beginning. I have listened to arguments from both sides of the fence. I have read everything that the chevron has had to say on the subject, most of it with disgust. I have also read the report of the arbitrator. You have not given our students a very clear picture of what has happened. And now that the decision has been reached, why can’t you leave it at that. I noticed how neatly in the Sept. 12 edition of the chevron that you kindly left a space for John Towler to give his version of the story, “in fairness to the university community and in an effort to open up debate.” You call that fairness? After having expressed such a one-sided attack against Towler and-Renison all last year! How can you expect students to come to any kind of just decision? I am not surprised that Towler failed to respond to your so-called debate. Towler has debated the topic for over a year now, and he has won the debate. The arbitrator proved that. And for those who have forgotten, it was Jeff Forest and his friends who demanded “Binding Arbitration, No Preconditions” DSo, they got what they asked for. The report has made very clear that Renison was quite right in their decision to terminate Forest’s contract. Now that it has finally come to surface that Renison has been right all along, even though the RAA and the chevron did everything it possibly could to try to make people believe otherwise, don’t you think that Renison is probably doing the right thing with its turnover of staff. I’d be surprised if those professors who. have left or will have to leave because of terminated contracts would stay at Renison anyway. Their contempt for Towler is obvious. So why doesn’t the RAA just dismiss itself and let the new and better staff at Renison do their work without all this undeserved attention from the chevron. UW grad lettitor-One hundred pages mu/d be written in response to the above unsigned letter, but we at the chevron fee/ that we’ve done our duty in reporting as best we can the year-long Renison affair. However, we want to make a few points: first, the students and professors involved in the RAA (Renison Academic Assembly) had to fight nearly eight months to finally get Renison College to agree to binding arbitration to resolve the dispute. Why didn’t Towler agree to arbitration as soon as possible? Our esteemed letter writer obviously overlooked this point. Second, Gve’ve reprinted below an article we ran March 2 1, 7975 which accurately predicted that Renison would lose six faculty members over the next year. Already Renison has lost five and will lose the sixth next April. It is indeed curious that a college the size of Renison would undergo such a rapid turnover in staff in such a short time period. While some meekly say Renison has the legal right to fire anyone it chooses, we at the chevron feel that these firings were motivated by the politics of the dismissed professors. In other words, at Renison College there’s an “open season” on progressive faculty members.

Renison

to fire more?

On March 12, professor Marlene Webber warned the Arts faculty council that the firings at Renison College might not stop with professors Hugh Miller and Jeffrey Forest. A statement whit h Renison principal John Towler was quick to deny. The present situation is uncertain in a very confused state of affairs at the college, but some definite indications have emerged that at least two gart-time profs may have lost their posts. Renison’s 1975-76 calendar came out on Tuesday minus four courses taught by professor Sami Gupta. Gupta is employed by the university but for the last year also taught some courses at the college. Another ommission from the new calendar is an introductory philosphy course previously taught by professor Sandra Sachs. And the name of Sachs has mysteriously disappeared from beneath other courses which she has been teaching. Both these professors have supported the Renison Academic Assembly (RAA) demands for binding arbitration in the dispute over the original firings at the college, and expressed open concern about their colleagues’ dismissals. Gupta told the chevron Tuesday that he had no doubt that the dropping of his courses was a reprisal by Towler because of his protest against the Miller and Forest firings and his support of the RAA. Sachs said Tuesday that she didn’t know anything about the calendar. Last summer term Gupta taught two courses in the Renison interdisciplinary social science programme -media and culture plus the making and unmaking of the counterculture. In the fall term he had a fine arts course called “Film in Canada” and in the winter term he taught “Film and Culture in India”. Gupta’s courses are well attended and many of his students have nominated him for an outstanding teacher award. He was specifically asked to teach these subjects by seven faculty members at the college, but it now seems that Towler has scrapped the courses without even consulting the Renison curriculum committee which is responsible for the review and planning of all courses offered at the college. Towler told the chevron that the courses were dropped because they were special topics which can only be run for one year and after they would have to go through certain procedures at the university. These procedures, however, are very simple, says Gupta, in a matter of minutes the course outlines could be passed through UGAG, and then put on the college curriculum. The ommission of Sach’s name from beneath the three Chinese thought and culture courses which, she has been teaching in the Renison arts department appears inexplicable. Everyone contacted about this said that it was not normal to insert part-time profs. But the only other course listed under the Renison Arts department bears the name of T. Kobayashi. Kobayashi is a part-time professor. And there are others listed. The chevron has been told by faculty who wished their names witheld that Towler said some time ago that Profs Gupta and Sachs would have to go because of their support for RAA and its demands. But there are not only some mysterious omissions from the new calendar, there is also at least one puzzling addition. It is a footnote in the psychology section which says that Renison expects to offer an educational psychology course. The chevron also has a copy of an advertisement issued from Towler’s office on Dec. 9,1974 which states that there may be an opening in educational psychology in the 1975-76 academic year. Yet the curriculum committee has not been consulted on this addition to courses offered at Renison. And though all these decisions are being made whichaffect both the students and faculty at the college the student-faculty council has not met since Dec. 2. When asked why it hadn’t met, Towler, at first said that RAA had disbanded the council. But did this mean that RAA was recognized by the college and thus had the authority to disband the council? No, Towler said, and he then suggested the council hadn’t met because the board of governors hadn’t recognized it.

But when told of a November 1974 circular sent out from the college to the students stating that since there was some confusion as to the status of the council, the board resolved that “a faculty-student council pro tern be created immediately,” Towler said, “you seem to know more about it than I do.” Towler stated Tuesday that since there were no procedures at Renison he didn’t know when to call a meeting. The circular,~however states that “the council shall be chaired by the principal who shall be responsible for calling meetings and setting agendas.” Also there has been a tradition at the college for holding council meetings every second Monday as long as itemsfor the agenda had been submitted. Prior to the last meeting of Dec. .’ 2 the council met twice in September and twice in October. Since January students have submitted agenda items but no meeting has been called. Student representative Janet Steele has a written memo from Towler in reply to an agenda submission. It reads “Thanks for your suggestion for an agenda, however no meeting has been scheduled for the 27th (Jan) and in any event, agenda suggestions are to be in by Thursday noon. I’ll keep yours for the next meeting nevertheless.” That seems to suggest that the principle is aware of some rules governing council meetings. The confusion at Renison is attributed by Towler to the lack of procedures. But a committee set up by the board in November 1974 to recommend procedures has barely got off the ground. The committee, which consists of representatives from students, faculty and the board, first met Feb. 13 at the request of the students. It was then agreed that it should reconvene on Feb. 24 but that meeting was cancelled by the chairman Peter Giffen, it is thought. Giffen was not available for comment. It seems that a third meeting was set for March 17 but it too was cancelled because not enough members could make it according to Donald Timkulu, one of the faculty representatives on the committee. But at least two of the student representatives, Caroline Sawyer and Janet Steele, had not been contacted about the proposed meeting. The committee hasn’t been able to meet more regularly because Giffen is a very busy lawyer says the piincipal. Yet unless it does start meeting Renison will remain a college with no procedures, and among the procedures which this committee will recommend are those for the hiring and firing of professors. How contracts can be reviewed in the meantime no one knows. And as long as the college lacks proper procedures it seems that the principal has a free hand in dropping some courses and adopting others, while committees and councils lie redundant, and names disappear from the calendar. -neil

docherty

Member: Canadian university press (CUP). The chevron is typeset by members of the workers union of dumont press graphix (CNTU) and published by the federation of students incorporated, university of Waterloo. Content is the sole responsibility of the chevron editorial staff. Offices are located in the campus centre; (519) 885-l 660, or university local 2331. It’s been a long week and we down here in the campus centre dungeons are already getting jaded and strung out on tranquilizers to keep our heads together. speaking of heads, the university’s arts committee used its collective wisdom by removing the fibreglass tube sculpture, labelled a monstrosity by our resident art expert, from its pedestal on the lawn between the library and the physics building of the university and hidden near the biology building. Speaking of heads again, we were: neil docherty, henry hess, diane ritza, doug ward, Sylvia hauck, donna harlamow, bilJ mcctea, ernst von bezold, stan gruszka, jim carter, glen dewar, george eislertwice, forgot you last week and libby warren.

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