RICH NATION, POOR PEOPLE
A HOSPITAL IN RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA
HOSPITAL // ISSUE 05 The HOSPITAL journal is the annual, student-produced publication of the works from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign vertical graduate studio program. The studio seeks to investigate the current trends of architecture with the aid of renowned professionals in the field. The intention of this publication is to share the work produced by the students with the rest of the community both academic and professional.
CREDITS CONTRIBUTORS Joshua Chen Yan Deng Kaitlin Gerson Thomas Hawk Folarin Ijelu Kimberly Johnson Sevara Khabibullaeva Alexandria Leppert
FACULTY ADVISOR Sijia Liu Johnathon Nelson Angela Ng Erasmo Ortega Katherine Stowell Aparna Uvaraj Jienan Zhang Juliette Zidek
Professor William Worn, AIA, LEED AP, EDAC Professor and Associate Director for Graduate Studies
PRODUCTION NOTES PUBLISHER www.lulu.com HOSPITAL, Issue 05 Copyright Š 2015 All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN www.arch.illinois.edu 117 Temple Hoyne Buell Hall 611 Lorado Taft Drive, MC-621 Champaign, Illinois 61820 Tel 217.333.1330 Fax 217.244.2900
FOREWORD With its vast oil wealth, Saudi Arabia has one of the highest concentrations of super rich households in the world. But an estimated 20 percent of the population, if not more, lives in crippling poverty. Beggars panhandle in the shadows of Riyadh’s luxury shopping malls, and just a few kilometers away families struggle to get by in the capital’s southern slums. While the government has finally acknowledged that poverty is a problem in the kingdom, the world of the Saudi poor is largely hidden from sight. The transformation of the Saudi health care system since 1970 has been astonishing. In 1970, there were 74 hospitals with 9,039 beds; by 2005, there were 350 hospitals with nearly 48,000 beds. Yet issues of health access and health disparity continue to grow for those people living in poverty. This Studio will design a hospital intended to serve the poorest residents of Riyadh. In response to the need for hospital care and ambulatory care for the Saudi underserved, this studio will design a Western style hospital in Riyadh. The hospital program will include inpatient care; diagnostic and therapeutic services; administrative and public areas; support services; and outpatient clinics accommodated in approximately 450,000 GSF. PROFESSOR WILLIAM WORN Professor William Worn was the Director: Master of Architecture in Health Design at the University of Illinois at Chicago. In 2010, he joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an Associate Professor, while simultaneously continuing his role as President of Worn Jerabek Architects P.C. in Chicago.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout this course, various industry professionals have contributed their time and expertise to assist in the development of our knowledge and design of healthcare environments. We had the opportunity to experience healthcare architecture via guest lectures, hospital tours, and a firm visit at VOA Associates. We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to all who participated, including: James Arends Brenda Bush-Molina VOA Sheila Cahnman Founding Principal, JumpGarden Consulting. Former: Healthcare Market Sector Leader, AECOM Todd Eicken Senior Vice President, HDR Tom Fromm Regional Director for Healthcare, BSA LifeStructures Timothy Gregg Principal, Director of Healthcare Architecture, Proteus Group Max Komnenich Cannon Design, Healthcare Studio Former UIUC Healthcare Design Student, 2011 David Kuffner AIA, Cannon Patty Looker Director of Patient Experience at Cook County Health and Hospitals System Sarah Marberry Clark Miller Managing Principal, Perkins and Will Jeff Reinke Past Healthcare Team Leader, Proteus Group Rebel Roberts President and COO at VOA Associates Incorporated Carson Shearon Principal, Cannon Candace M. Small AIA, LEED AP BD+C, EDAC, Associate, VOA associates Incorporated, chair, AIA Chicago Healthcare Knowledge Community Rosemary Woodbury Healthcare Architect, Cannon Design UIUC Healthcare studio graduate 2012 Scott Harding VP Facilities, Carle Foundation Hospital
06 14 18 50 78 102 116 128 142 160
SITE ANALYSIS // ARCH 572
PROGRAM ANALYSIS // ARCH 572
’IMAN & ’UMMAH // JOSHUA CHEN + JIENAN ZHANG
INJECTED NATURE // ANGELA NG + YAN DENG
CONNECTED HEALTH // ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL
CANOPY OASIS // KAITLIN GERSON + JULIETTE ZIDEK
RIYADH GENERAL HOSPITAL // JOHNATHON HELSON + KIM JOHNSON
GREEN VEIL
// THOMAS HAWK + SIJIA LIU
RWC: RIYADH WELLNESS CENTER // FOLARIN IJELU + ERASMO ORTEGA
GARDENS OF DELIGHT // SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA + APARNA UVARAJ
SITE ANALYSIS
Riyadh is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is situated in the center of the Arabian Peninsula on a large plateau, and is home to 5.7 million people, and the urban center of a region with a population of close to 7.3 million people. The climate is classified as “Hot Desert� with extreme temperatures in the summer months and frequent dust storms. With climate change the Arabian Peninsula will continue to become hotter and dryer.
Urban Context Analysis
15 min 20 min
30 min 45 min Before 1970
1970-1990
2015
Proposed New Sub-centers of Riyadh
Population Density Pattern and Change in the City if Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Al-Gabbani, Mohammed, Dr., King Saud University, Department of Geography, POB 2456, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, GeoJournal 1991 24.4 375-385 A Fuzzy Cellular Automata Urban Growth Model(FCAUGM) for the City of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Part 2: Scenario Testing, Khalid Al-Ahmadi. Alison Heppenstall. Jim Hogg. Linda See, Appl. Spatial Analysis(2009) 2:85-105 http://www.arriyadhmap.com/maps/ar/
12 | SITE ANALYSIS
Medical Centers in Riyadh
# of beds per medical facility King Saud University Medical City
1500
Prince Sultan Military Medical City
1192
King Fahad Medical City
1095
King Abdulaziz University Hospital
1002
King Faisal Hospital & Research Center
894
King Khalid University Hospital
800
King Abdulaziz Medical City
690
Prince Mohammad Bin Abdul Aziz Hospital
500
Dallah Hospital
500
Specialized Medical Center Hospital
450 350
Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Hospital in Arrayan Saudi German Hospital
300
Al Hammadi Hospital
300
Riyadh Care Hospital
255
Al Iman General Hospital
215
Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Hospital in Al Takhassusi
200
Al Mouwasat Hospital
200
Dr. Abanamy Hospital (Sanad Hospital)
190
Najd Consulting Hospital
160
Al Mashary Hospital
122
Green Crescent Hospital
10 minutes
20 minutes
30 minutes
55
High Commission for the Development of Riyadh: Health & Education http://www.arriyadh.com/eng/index.aspx/?1=1&menuId=36
ARCH 572: BEHAVIOR + ENVIRONMENT | 13
Climate in Riyadh JAN
Solar Radiation, Wh/m2 Avg. Daylight per Day
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
6523 Wh/m2
6079 Wh/m2
7735 Wh/m2
7467 Wh/m2
8765 Wh/m2
7982 Wh/m2
7011 Wh/m2
7900 Wh/m2
7828 Wh/m2
7851 Wh/m2
7153 Wh/m2
6131 Wh/m2
10.75 hrs
11 hrs
12 hrs
12.75 hrs
13.25 hrs
13.5 hrs
13.5 hrs
13 hrs
12.25 hrs
11.5 hrs
11hrs
10.5 hrs
16.8°C (62°F)
18.5°C (65°F)
22.9°C (73°F)
28.5°C (83°F)
32.4°C (90°F)
34.6°C (94°F)
36.3°C (97°F)
35.7°C (96°F)
32.9°C (91°F)
29.1°C (84°F)
23.5°C (74°F)
19.1°C (66°F)
31.9°C (89°F)
30.1°C (86°F)
36.8°C (98°F)
40.5°C (105°F)
43.1°C (110°F)
44.7°C (113°F)
45.8°C (114°F)
46.1°C (115°F)
45.5°C (114°F)
39.7°C (104°F)
38.1°C (101°F)
33.5°C (92°F)
8.9°C (48°F)
5.8°C (42°F)
11.1°C (52°F)
14.8°C (59°F)
23.1°C (74°F)
24.7°C (77°F)
27.8°C (82°F)
25.5°C (78°F)
24.0°C (75°F)
18.7°C (66°F)
14.6°C (58°F)
8.9°C (44°F)
53% 36%
44% 28%
38% 24%
32% 20%
36% 23%
36% 23%
41% 27%
39% 25%
avg. high average avg. low
Temperature, °C (°F) Monthly Average Avg. High Avg. Low
9 am 3 pm
Relative Humidity, % 9 AM 3 PM
Heating Degree Hours Cooling Degree Hours
56% 41%
heating cooling 2063 hrs.
Precipitation Average, mm (in.) # of Wet Days Chance of rain/day
36% 25%
45% 33%
55% 42%
1597 hrs.
453 hrs.
16 hrs.
0 hrs.
0 hrs.
0 hrs.
0 hrs.
0 hrs.
0 hrs.
363 hrs.
1350 hrs.
807 hrs.
1407 hrs.
2953 hrs.
5879 hrs.
8933 hrs.
10,229 hrs.
11,845 hrs.
11,393 hrs.
8994 hrs.
6482 hrs.
3145 hrs.
1419 hrs.
11 mm (0in.)
10 mm (0in.)
24 mm (0in.)
29 mm (1in.)
8 mm (0in.)
0 mm
0 mm
1 mm
0 mm
1 mm (0in.)
6 mm (0in.)
11 mm (0in.)
3 days
1 days
2 days
1 days
2 days
0 days
0.5 days
0 days
0 days
0 days
5 days
3 days
10%
4%
6%
3%
6%
0%
2%
0%
0%
0%
17%
10%
N/A
N/A
North-West
North-West
North-West
West
South
South
South
N/A
N/A
N/A
4%
17%
12%
15%
11%
23%
10%
0%
2%
3%
1%
2%
Wind Direction Prevailing Direction
Dust Storms Frequency (%)
14 | SITE ANALYSIS
Solar Path
Summer Solstice
Equinox
Winter Solstice
ARCH 572: BEHAVIOR + ENVIRONMENT | 15
Site Context
N 5째N
.1 224 la
Qib
Highway
Qibla Direction
+630m
+637m 16 | SITE ANALYSIS
Site Topography +630m
+637m
1/4
Contour
Road
Site
Road
Site
1/30
ARCH 572: BEHAVIOR + ENVIRONMENT | 17
PROGRAM ANALYSIS
Inpatie In response to the need for hospital care and ambulatory care for the Saudi underserved, the intent of this studio is to design a Western style hospital in Riyadh. The hospital program includes inpatient care; diagnostic and therapeutic services; administrative and public areas; support services; and outpatient clinics accommodated in approximately 450,000 GSF.
LDRP
Emergenc Imaging
Respirator Rehab Dental MOB Surgical Oncology Women's
Cardiac Food Serv
Distributed Lab
Pharmacy
Mechanical
Inpatient Care
Food Service Central Sterile Supply
122,626 sq ft
Distributed IT
LDRP 28,525 sq ft Surgical Imaging MOB Emergency Department Women’s Health Rehabilitation Cardiac Respiratory Oncology Dental
Lab
Pharmacy Central Staff Support
33,976 sq ft 15,663 sq ft 10,906 sq ft 7,265 sq ft 5,227 sq ft 5,123 sq ft 4,356 sq ft 3,870 sq ft 3,750 sq ft 1,738 sq ft
Fitness Public Outreach Child Care Administration Public Retail Pharmacy
42,471 sq ft 8,544 sq ft 5,064 sq ft 4,163 sq ft 3,384 sq ft 2,899 sq ft 2,340 sq ft 8,750 sq ft 4,260 sq ft 3,750 sq ft 3,396 sq ft 3,096 sq ft 786 sq ft
State of Health Hospital compared to the United States StaďŹƒng
KSA USA
2.2
KSA
KSA
Beds per 1000 population
81.94 years
76.94 years
77.11 years
72.79 years
USA KSA USA
3
USA
KSA
Beds per 1000 population
USA
KSA
2.3
KSA
Nurses per 1000 population Nurses per 1000 population
KSA 77.11 years
72.79 years
18.78 births 3.32 deaths
USA KSA USA
Physicians per 1000 population
2.42
13.42 births
USA
81.94 years
76.94 years
USA
8.15 deaths
14.58 deaths 6.17 deaths
15.5 deaths 6.9 deaths
KSA USA
Physicians per 1000 population
Infant per 1
Death per 1
8.15 deaths
14.58 deaths 6.17 deaths
15.5 deaths 6.9 deaths
Birth Rate per 1000 population Death Rate per 1000 population
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world
Infant Mortality per 1000 live births Deaths before the age of 5 per 1000 live births
www.who.int
Hospital Staffing
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
KSA
USA
Life Expectancy at Birth
Disease Burden
Cost of Cost Illness of Illness
ValueValue of Lost of Output Lost Output
$
Death per 1
USA
KSA
9.8 .92
3.32 deaths
Birth per 1
Life Expectancy at Birth Life Expectancy at Birth
USA
KSA
13.42 births 18.78 births
$
ValueValue of Statistical of Statistical Life Life 20 | PROGRAM ANALYSIS
42%
42%
35%
35%
12%
12%
7%
7%
4%
4%
35%
35%
33%
33%
18%
18%
10%
10%
4%
4%
37%
37%
36%
36%
11%
11%
10%
10%
5%
5%
a a $1,722 billionbillion 9.3%9.3% $1,722 GDP GDP c c $5,164 $5,164 per capita per capita
a a $10,194 billionbillion 60% 60% $10,194 c c GDP GDP $30,572 $30,572 per capita per capita
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
b b $45.59 billionbillion 5.6%5.6% $45.59 GDP GDP d d $1,581 $1,581 per capita per capita
b b billionbillion 62% 62% $462$462 d d GDP GDP $16,037 $16,037 per capita per capita
a a b b $5,674 billionbillion billionbillion 33.2% 33.2% $5,674 34.4% 34.4% $257$257 GDP GDP c c d d GDP GDP $17,014 $17,014 per capita per capita $8,925 $8,925 per capita per capita
Mental and behavioral disorders
14.6% 14.3%
Musculoskeletal diseases
7.03% 7.66%
Diabetes mellitus
6.27% 3.01%
Malignant neoplasms
5.80% 16.3%
Respiratory diseases
4.25% 7.37%
Genitourinary diseases
3.71% 2.71%
Neurological conditions
3.18% 6.95%
Congenital anamolies
2.76% 1.14%
Endocrine, blood, immune disorders
1.73% 1.70%
Digestive diseases
1.60% 3.18%
Neonatal conditions
4.36% 1.58%
Nutrional deficiencies
3.74% 0.15%
%DV
Infectious and parasitic diseases
3.73% 2.69%
Respiratory infections
3.45% 1.36%
11.3% 9.34%
17.7% 17.7%
Intentional/ Unintentional injuries
Cardiovascular diseases
Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional
1
73.2% Non-communicable diseases 84.8%
DALY due to
15.5% 5.89%
Disability - Adjusted Life Years
Road injury
5.97% 2.20%
Falls
1.62% 0.72%
Fire, heat and hot substances Poisonings Interpersonal violence Self-harm
0.87% 0.17% 0.24% 0.72% 0.41% 1.13% 0.13% 2.13%
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html Wolfram Alpha. US GDP as percentage of global GDP(2013). Retrieved January 24, 2015, from http://www.wolframalpha.com/ input/?i=US+GDP+as+percentage+of+global+GDP Wolfram Alpha. KSA GDP as percentage of global GDP. Retrieved January 24, 2015, from http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=KSA+GDP+as+percentage+of+global+GDP The World Bank. Population, total. Retrieved January 24, 2015, from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL/countries/US?display=graph The World Bank. Population, total. Retrieved January 24, 2015, from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL/countries/SA?display=graph World Health Organization. DALY Estimates, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2015, from http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_ burden_disease/estimates/en/index2.html ARCH 572: BEHAVIOR + ENVIRONMENT | 21
’IMAN & ’UMMAH JOSHUA CHEN JIENAN ZHANG The socio-cultural values of Islam - that of the ’ummah, social solidarity - shared by those of the Islamic faith is what moves the design of this hospital. By submitting to those values and the spatial principles they engender the architecture is one that belongs to the genius loci, creating an environment that is less foreign, more approachable, and more livable; making a place where people can continue to demonstrate ’iman, faith, even in illness until the fullness of health returns.
Heirarchy of Space The urban fabric Spaces in an islamic city define the boundaries for the public, semi-public, semi-private, and private zones. Beginning with the main street around the mosque, streets extend to the markets and bazaars, then into the neighbourhood quarters, and finally to the home.
ةةةةةة
The compactness of the city streets provide shade and promote social interaction, responding to both the environment and to the 'ummah
public semi-public semi-private private
24 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 25
Heirarchy of Privacy The home The heirarchy extends into each individual home. Individuals enter into a vestibule with limited line of sight into the rest of the home; all but the most intimate of friends are brought to the guestroom where the family hosts them; the rest of the house and its interactions belong only to the family who resides there.
Single-patient rooms intimate these layers of privacy while maintaining practical limits for the activity of medical personnel
1
2
4 6
5 3 2
3 1
1 Hawsh (cul-de-sac) 2 Vestibule 3 Guestroom public semi-public semi-private private 26 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
LDRP module 1 Corridor 2 Caregiver preparation zone 3 Caregiver activity zone 4 Family zone 5 Bathroom 6 NICU/ Nursery attachment
The patient room 1 2
3
8
9 1
4 5
2 1
2
3
6 4 7
ا لقبلة general medical/ surgical module
VIP module
LDRP module
common features-
VIP features-
LDRP features-
1 family room 1 family storage 2 kitchenette 2 large family zone 3 primary sight lines: outdoors/ plants media wall unit 3 blocked sight line: caregiver preparation area 4 direct line of sight to patient from washbasin 5 separate male & female nursing wings 6 distributed storage strategy: cabinet with through-wall 7 distributed nursing strategy: charting alcoves 8 all unit windows open towards Qibla ا لقبلة 9 stowable bench to perform wudu
1 rooming-in practice accomodated 2 winow open to private nursery/ NICU 3 scrub area 4 neonatal omnibed(s)
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 27
PLANS GROUND LEVEL ا لقبلة
N
INPATIENT PARKING
IMAGING ENTRY
OUTPATIENT ENTRIES
M.O.B. ENTRY
8 1
E.D. WALK-IN & LDRP ENTRY 13
3 2
4
6
5
7
11 12
10 9
VIP ENTRY WOMEN’S HEALTH PRIVATE ENTRY
INFUSION ENTRY
ا لقبلة
1. E.D. 2. LDRP EDU. & EARLY ELELU.
SHELL SPACE
3. IMAGING 5. WOMEN’S HEALTH 4. CARDIAC CARE 6. RESPIRATORY
12. INPATIENT PARKING 11. WOMEN’S HEALTH GARDEN 13. ED & LDRP PARKING
28 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
N
7. ONCOLOGY 9. REHABILITATION 8. DENTAL 10. M.O.B. ELEVATORS INPATIENT CLINIC OUTPATIENT CLINIC
SERVICE PUBLIC
LOWER LEVEL ا لقبلة
N
5
E.D. AMBULANCE ENTRY 1
2 3
4 5
ا لقبلة
1. E.D. AMBULANCE ENTRY
2. IT & SUPPORT 3. CENTRAL STERILE
SITE VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PUBLIC VEHICULAR FLOW
N
4. LABORATORY 5. MATERIAL MANAGEMENT
AMBULANCE FLOW MATERIAL FLOW
ELEVATORS INPATIENT CLINIC OUTPATIENT CLINIC
SERVICE PUBLIC
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 29
PLANS PODIUM LEVEL ا لقبلة
N
MALL ENTRY
INPATIENT PARKING
3 9
9
10
10
6 1
7
8
8
5
5
2 4
OUTPATIENT PARKING
11
5
STAFF ENTRY
ا لقبلة
1. SURGICAL PROCEDURE 8. FITNESS CENTER 9. CHILDREN CARE
2. SOUTH CLINIC CORRIDOR 3. NORTH CLINIC CORRIDOR
10. RETAIL 11. RETAIL PHARMACY SHELL SPACE
30 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
N
4. CENTRAL STAFF 6. ADMINISTRATION 5. MECHANICAL SPACE 7. PUBLIC EDUCATION ELEVATORS INPATIENT CLINIC OUTPATIENT CLINIC
SERVICE PUBLIC
LEVEL 2 ا لقبلة
N
9
8
9
8
7
6
3
4
5
10
SURGICAL PROCEDURE ABOVE
1 2
MAIN ENTRY FROM PARKING
ا لقبلة
1. FOOD COURT 10. CENTRAL PRAY HALL 2. KITCHEN
9. PEDIATRIC
3. M/S (MALE) 4. REHABILITATION (MALE)
5. VIP (MALE) 6. VIP (FEMALE)
N
7. REHABILITATION (FEMALE) 8. M/S (FEMALE)
ELEVATORS INPATIENT CLINIC OUTPATIENT CLINIC
SERVICE PUBLIC
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 31
PLANS LEVEL 3 ا لقبلة
N
9
1
9
2
8
8
7
6
3
3
4
5
ا لقبلة
1. LDRP 2. ICU
3. M/S (M) 4. REHABILITATION (M)
5. VIP (M) 6. VIP (F )
7. REHABILITATION (F ) 8. M/S (F )
N
9. PEDIATRIC
ELEVATORS INPATIENT CLINIC OUTPATIENT CLINIC 32 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
SERVICE PUBLIC
LEVEL 4 ا لقبلة
N
1
2
3
3
3
LEVEL 5
ا لقبلة
1
N
1
1. LDRP 2. ICU
3. M/S (M)
ELEVATORS INPATIENT CLINIC OUTPATIENT CLINIC
SERVICE PUBLIC
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 33
ENLARGED PLAN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT KEY
2 2 3
2
4
6
5
TO IMAGING
1 7
8
15
12
10
11
9
14
13
16
17
18
FUNCTIONS
22 19
23
ا لقبلة
N
34 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
WAITING & RECEPTION TRIAGE ROOMS DECONTAMINATION CONSULT ROOM FAST TRACK FAMILY CONSULTATION ISOLATION ROOM RESUSCITATION PROCEDURE ROOM TREATMENT ROOMS NURSES STATION & INTERNAL WAITING SCRUB ALCOVE STORAGE NURSE MANAGER OFFICE ON CALL ROOM
LDRP EDUCATION & EARLY EVALUATION 16 WAITING 17 EARLY LABOR EVALUATION 18 JACUZZI ROOM 19 FAST TRACK 20 SHARED OFFICE 21 CONSULTATION ROOM 22 PARENT EDUCATION SEMINAR 23 LDRP WALKING GARDEN
21
20
E. D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
ا لقبلة
N
DIAGNOSTIC & TREATMENT LDRP D&T PUBLIC LDRP EDU. SHELL SPACE CLINIC SUPPORT PATIENT SUPPORT CIRCULATION PATIENT STAFF ELEVATORS INPATIENT CLINIC OUTPATIENT CLINIC
SERVICE PUBLIC
ENLARGED PLAN RADIOLOGY KEY
1
FROM IMAGING LOW EMERGANCY
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
11 12 13
3 10 5
4
RADIOGRAPHY
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
WAITING ROOMS CONSULT VIEWING ROOMS RECEPTION CHANGE ROOM PUBLIC TOILET SOILED WORKROOM CLEAN SUPPLY STORAGE MEDICATION ROOM CLERICAL WORKSTATION CONFERENCE ROOM COPY ROOM SHARED WORKROOM HOUSEKEEPING
FROM IMAGING NUCLEAR IMAGING 9 8 CT SCAN 14 MRI
7
FUNCTIONS
6
ا لقبلة ا لقبلة
N
N
DIAGNOSTIC & TREATMENT SHELL SPACE PUBLIC CLINIC SUPPORT PATIENT SUPPORT CIRCULATION OUTPATIENT INPATIENT/GOWNED OUTPATIENT EMERGENCY STAFF ELEVATORS SERVICE INPATIENT CLINIC OUTPATIENT CLINIC PUBLIC JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 35
ENLARGED PLAN SURGICAL PROCEDURES
3 8
1
5
6 4
7
11 9
12
10
13 2
14
15
24
16
17
18
19
20
26 29 27
25 28 30
32
31 33
ا لقبلة ا لقبلة
N
36 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
N
21
22
23
BLOCKING & VERTICAL CIRCULATION KEY PRE-OPERATIVE HOLDING & RECOVERY 1 WAITING ROOMS 2 RECEOTION 3 ICU HOLDING/ RECOVERY 4 CONSULT ROOM 5 EQUIPMENT STORAGE 6 MEDICATION ROOM 7 ICU ISOLATION ROOM 8 GENERAL HOLDING/ RECOVERY 9 SHELL/ INTERIOR WAITING 10 SHELL/ NURSING STATION 11 SPECIMEN COLLECTION 12 MEDICATION ROOM 13 STRETCHER STORAGE 14 ISOLATION ROOM SURGICAL PROCEDURES 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
ANESTHESIA WORKROOM ANESTHESIA STORAGE CLEAN SUPPLY SOILED UTILITY OR CONTROL ROOM NURSE MANAGER OFFICE NURSE CONFERENCE ROOM MD WORKROOM CLINICAL CONFERENCE ROOM STAFF LOUNGE (M/F)
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
MD DICTATION ROOM SATELLITE LAB SOILED WORKROOM MAIN STERILE CORE iMRI OPERATING ROOM (2) iCT OPERATING ROOM GENERAL OPERATING THEATRE (3) CAESAREAN SUITES (2) SATELLITE STERILE CORE
FUNCTIONS DIAGNOSTIC & TREATMENT SHELL SPACE PUBLIC CLINIC SUPPORT PATIENT SUPPORT CIRCULATION OUTPATIENT INPATIENT/GOWNED OUTPATIENT EMERGENCY STAFF ELEVATORS SERVICE INPATIENT CLINIC OUTPATIENT CLINIC PUBLIC JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 37
MODEL SCALE 1/64”=1’
38 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 39
Sun, Wind & Light Macro environment
1
3
+H20 dry summer wind
phytofiltration
2
40 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
tempered air
5
+H20
4
4 solar chimney utilizing thermal mass to augment the stack effect creating continuous negative pressure, drawing air into couryard throughout the day
1 evaporative screen water evaporates through porous ceramic pipes to precondition the summer wind traditional analogue: earthenware pots
2 living roof
5 formed roof roof shape serves as windcatchers wind
vegetation filters dust and provides an acoustic and visual buffer from adjacent highway
3 screened courtyard diffuses daylight JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 41
Sun, Wind & Light Micro environment
reduces noise pollution mashrabiya signals Qibla and provides visual privacy
IAQ strategy: natural x displacement ventilation
tempered courtyard air
+H20
Patient care unit Wall type A - green lung
42 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
constant views to nature stress
+O2
Corridor Wall type B - trellis screen
drawn to solar chimney
captures small dust particles +H20
layers
of visual privacy
+O2
Bridge Water fountain
Patient care unit Wall type C - deep planter
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 43
The Patient Experience Pregnancy, Labor, Delivery, and Recovery Three of Saudi Arabia's Millennium Development Goals has a direct effect on the design of healthcare in the region: promoting gender equality, reducing child mortality, and improving maternal health. The first of the three is particularly important in that it empowers women to seek and attain healthcare for herself and her children.
By understanding the process, procedures, and setting expectations for antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care, appropriate design interventions can be put in place to enhance the experience of these momentous occasions of childbirth
4wks medical record
? !
!
!!
blood and urine test maternal heart rate antenatal
? education
first trimester
typical first visit: 4th month average number of visits: 3-6
maternity triage
P
latent stage 1 labor
LDRP room
ambulation in maternity garden
1.7 - 15hrs
44 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
freedom of movement no continuous EFM
active stage 1 labor
waiting
ultrasound
?
fetal heart rate birth plan forms natural birth doula: mother midwife led LD active mgt. rooming-in
second trimester
third trimester
96% births attended by skilled physician skin-to-skin
infant mortality rate: 10/100,000 maternal mortality rate: 14/ 100,000
within 1st hr
help initiate breast feeding; clinical observation
discharge
initiate breast feeding emphatic support and counseling
neonatal: suctioning drying warming
perform tahneek and taweez
stage 3
stage 2 0.95 - 2.4hrs
0.5 - 1hr
2 hrs
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 45
First Impressions Driving to the hospital In the current paradigm, the husband must accompany his wife not only to drive her to the hospital, but also to help her make medical decisions. Through the ponds of the central atrium, the couple is able to peer into the hospital. The noticeably cooler environment and the scintillating play of lights along their path let them know they have arrived at a safe haven.
46 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 47
The Beacon Rushing to the hospital
48 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 49
Nativity The LDRP room From her arrival and registration at the maternity triage floor, an LDRP room will be made ready according to the birth plan formed during antenatal clinic visits - dimmed lights, pleasant scents, music, and accomodations for her doula. Antenatal visits had determined that she was at low risk for birth complications, a matter reaffirmed during triage, so she is assigned to the appropriate wing of the labor and delivery department.
50 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 51
A New Chapter Becoming a father As his wife completes the last stage of labor, the husband is led by an attendant to the LDRP room where mother and child await his arrival.
52 | ’IMAN & ’UMMAH
JOSHUA CHEN, JIENAN ZHANG | 53
INJECTED NATURE YAN DENG ANGELA NG Nature is injected into the hospital in hopes of improving patient outcomes, while providing a welcoming environment for family and staff to rest and enjoy. A continuous experience is shaped by this injection of nature in the form of themed archetypal healing gardens: forest, harbor, plains, islands, promontory, sea, hills, and sky. “HexaShade”, a smart shading system, is applied to the wall and ceiling surfaces of these healing gardens to provide continuity which assists in better wayfinding. “HexaShade” responds to local temperature and light levels, designed to combat the extreme climate of Riyadh. Technology is also integrated with nature in the surgery family waiting experience via smart wristbands and digi-pods. Nature is injected into the patient room by introducing an indoor accessible terrace that is oriented towards the patient bed. A double skin façade is employed to deal with the harsh southern sun, filtering daylight into the patient room.
1918 Plan of Riyadh Palm Grove Gardens Palace Suq (Marketplace) Great Mosque
56 | INJECTED NATURE
City Wall Guard Turret Main Traffic Line
Condense Plan of Riyadh
Inject N S
Inject Nature into Site
Inject Nature into Central Communal Space
Dissolve Barrier
YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 57
ower
Site Strategy
1. Existing 3. Extrude Site Parking Garage
2. Extrude 4. Carve D+TFor andCirculation Patient Tower
3. E
2. Extrude 4. Carve D+TFor and Circulation Patient Tower
3. Extrude 5. Extrude Parking Medical Garage Office Building
4. C
3. Extrude 5. Extrude Parking Medical Garage Office Building
4. Carve 6. Rotate For Circulation Patient Tower
5. E
58 | INJECTED NATURE
7. 9.Inject Extend Nature Nature
8.10. Elevate CarveNature Parking Garage
9.11 E
8.10. Elevate CarveNature Parking Garage
9.11. Extend Terrace Nature Nature
10. 12
9.11. Extend Terrace Nature Nature
10. 12.Carve Define Parking Site Garage
11.
YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 59
Ground Floor Plan
A
MOB Entrance
Walk-In Public Entrance
MOB
ED
Public Education/ Community Outreach
Lobby
Imaging
WC
Fitness Center
Ambulance Drop-off
Retail
B
Music Garden
Pharmacy
Dining Hall/Courtyard
B
Mosque Laboratory Materials Management Surgery
Central Sterile
Staff Support Staff Retreat
Staff Entrance
Service Entrance
A
N
Public Circulation Ambulance Circulation Service Circulation Emergency Department Circulation
60 | INJECTED NATURE
Public & Admin Diagnostic & Therapeutic Support & Service Public Elevator Clinical & Service Elevator
Qibla ةلبق 0
50
100
200FT
Second Floor Plan
From Parking Garage
Urban Agriculture
MOB
Child Care Urban Agriculture Children’s Workshop
Mechanical Spaces/ Structure Transfer Floor
N
Public & Admin Diagnostic & Therapeutic Support & Service Public Elevator Clinical & Service Elevator
Qibla ةلبق 0
50
100
200FT
Programmatic Section Public Elevator Clinical Elevator
YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 61
Emergency Department and Imaging Department Detailed Plan
Walk-In Security Station Child Area
Triage
Triage
Triage
Triage Treatment Room
Waiting Area
ED Reception
On-call Room Bereavement Room
Nurse Manager
Copy Room
Patient Toilet
Staff Locker
Staff Toilet
Storage
Nuclear Imaging Room
Conference Room
Radiography/ Fluroscopy Room
Injection Room
Staff Lounge
Radiography/ Fluroscopy Control Room Radiography/ Fluroscopy Room
Patient Toilet
Patient Waiting
Staff Toilet
Housekeeping Soiled Utility
Medication Room
CT Scan Room
Housekeeping Storage
Storage MRI
Consult Viewing
CT Scan Room
Clinical Room Clinical Room
rtyard
Patient Holding
Imaging Reception &Waiting Area
Shared Tech Workroom
MRI Control Room
Scrub/ Gowning Clean Supply Control Room
Surgery Reception
Public Toilet
Cath Lab
Pre-OP Prep Room
Pre-OP Prep Room
P om
Pre-OP Prep Room
MRI
Public Toilet
Pre-OP Prep Room
Storage
Nursing Station
Pre-OP Prep Room Pre-OP Prep Room
Pre-OP Prep Room
Pre-OP Prep Room
62 | INJECTED NATURE
Hybrid CTOR
Clean Workroom
Procedure Room
Cardiac Room
Decontamination
Ambulance Drop-off
CT Scan Room
Patient Shower
Consult Viewing
Eye/ENT Room
Clean Supply
Clean Supply
Copy/Supply Room
Pre-OP Waiting
Nursing Station Staff Toilet
Patient Toilet
Soiled Utility
Staff Toilet
Pediatric Room
Staff Toilet
Soiled Workroom
Shared Workstations
Treatment Room
Radiography/ Fluroscopy Room
Injection Room
Injection Room
Staff Locker
Pediatric Room
Isolation Room
Gynecological Exam Room
Radiography/ Fluroscopy Room
Radiography/ Fluroscopy Control Room
Injection Room
Stress Lab
Soiled Workroom
Fluroscopy Prep Room
Consult Room
Public Toilet
S Wo Injection Room
Staff Locker
Surgery Department Detailed Plan
Radiography/ Fluroscopy Room
Injection Room
Stress Lab
Shared Workstations
Patient Waiting
Staff Toilet
Housekeeping
Clean Supply
Copy/Supply Room
CT Scan Room
Patient Shower
Soiled Utility
Staff Toilet
Clean Supply
Patient Toilet
Soiled Utility
Medication Room
CT Scan Room
Housekeeping Storage
Consult Viewing
Storage MRI
Consult Viewing
CT Sca
Clinical Room Clinical Room
Dining Hall/Courtyard
Patient Holding
Imaging Reception &Waiting Area
Shared Tech Workroom
MRI Control Room
Scrub/ Gowning Clean Supply Control Room
Pre-OP Waiting
MRI
Public Toilet
Surgery Reception
Public Toilet
Family Waiting
Family Waiting
Cath Lab
Pre-OP Prep Room Pre-OP Prep Room Pre-OP Prep Room
Family Waiting
Pre-OP Prep Room
Storage
Family Waiting Storage Family Waiting
Nursing Station PACU Bed
Family Waiting
Pre-OP Prep Room
PACU Bed
Pre-OP Prep Room Pre-OP Prep Room
PACU Bed Pre-OP Prep Room
PACU Bed PACU Bed
Pre-OP Prep Room
Pre-OP Prep Room
Pre-OP Prep Room
Hybrid CTOR
Pre-OP Prep Room Nursing Station Pre-OP Prep Room PACU Bed
PACU Bed
General OR
PACU Bed PACU Bed
PACU Bed
PACU Bed
PACU Bed PACU Bed
PACU Bed
General OR
General OR
Soiled Workroom
Clean Workroom
Soiled Utility
Hybrid MROR Central Sterile Supply and Processing
Anesthesia Workroom Staff Toilet Anesthesia Storage
General OR
Hybrid CTOR
General OR
OR Control Desk
YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 63
Surgery Family Waiting Experience
CHECK IN
TOUCH DOWN 64 | INJECTED NATURE
Receive wristband to track your loved one.
Relax in a comfortable pod.
DIGI-PODS
PRE-OP/PACU
Customize your interactive digital world.
Look up to the sky. YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 65
SECTION A-A
66 | INJECTED NATURE
YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 67
HexaShade https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvT1tpyQc4M
7 a.m.
10 a.m.
7 a.m.
68 | INJECTED NATURE
10 a.m.
1 p.m.
1 p.m.
4 p.m.
4 p.m.
7 p.m.
7 p.m.
PhotoResistor
Temperature Sensor
Arduino UNO
YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 69
The Archetypal Healing Gardens
FOREST
Follow the trail to reach your destination.
HARBOR
Explore the bazaar and engage yourself in food produce.
70 | INJECTED NATURE
PLAINS
Learn the art of cultivating crops.
ISLANDS
Have your children learn the art of cultivating crops. YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 71
PROMONTORY
Pause on the extreme edge to observe your surroundings.
SEA
Settle down in the food hub.
72 | INJECTED NATURE
HILLS
Reflect as you promenade around the music garden.
SKY
Let your mind drift away. YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 73
SUMMER WINTER
88°
44°
Medical/ Surgical Bed
N
Room Area: 375sf Hygiene Area: 61sf
Qibla ةلبق
Nursing Area
Hygiene Area
Medical/ Surgical Bed
N
Room Area: 375sf Hygiene Area: 61sf
Qibla ةلبق
Nursing Area
Hygiene Area
t ien
t Pa
ea
Room Area: 375sf Hygiene Area: 61sf
ily
Fam nt
tie
Pa
Medical/ Surgical Bed
Ar
ea
Ar
r oo Ind race r Te
ea
Ar
ily
Fam
Qibla
Nursing Area
Hygiene Area
ea
Ar
r oo Ind race r Te
In-Patient Tower
N
16 Beds/ Neighborhood
Qibla ةلبق
Public Elevator Clinical Elevator Service Elevator
0 1 2
0 1 2 5FT
Double Height Atrium
Public Corridor
5FT nt
tie
Pa
ea
Ar
ily
Fam
UP
ea
Ar
r oo Ind race r Te
Indoor Terrace
0 1 2
Clinical Corridor 30’6”
UP
8’ 89’
12’ 8’ UP
30’6”
Retreat Room
18’ 144’
Clinical Corridor
0 10 20
SECTION B-B 74 | INJECTED NATURE
40 FT
YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 75
In-patient Tower
A.1
16 Beds/ Neighborhood
Double Height Atrium
Public Corridor
Public Elevator Clinical Elevator Service Elevator
B.1
C.1
D.1 UP
Indoor Terrace
Public Corridor
10 A
30’6”
UP
9.1
Clinical Corridor
9
8’ 89’
B 8.1 8
12’ 8’
C
7.1
UP
7
30’6”
6.1
D
6
N 1
1.1
2
2.1
3
3.1
144’
76 | INJECTED NATURE
4.1
5
5.1
Clinical Corridor
18’
PATIENT ROOM
4
Retreat Room
Qibla ةلبق 0 10 20
Enjoy the view to natural light and vegetation.
40 FT
Medical/ Surgical Bed
N
Design Considerations 1. Patient Outcomes 2. Patient Safety 3. Staff Outcomes
Qibla ةلبق
Patient rolls onto right side to pray towards Mecca Bed away from corridor (reduced noise levels) Large family zone near bed for social support
Perforated screen to reduce solar heat gain Accessible green space Pull-down digital media screen Patient has direct view towards outdoors with vegetation
0 1 2
5FT
YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 77
Medical/Surgical Bed Design Considerations 1. Patient Outcomes 2. Patient Safety 3. Staff Outcomes
N
Qibla ةلبق
Visibility of patient from corridor
Short distance of toilet room to staff
Short distance of toilet room from patient
Continuous handrails
0 1 2
78 | INJECTED NATURE
5FT
Perforated Aluminum Sheet Glazing Steel Treads Indoor Terrace
YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 79
80 | INJECTED NATURE
YAN DENG + ANGELA NG | 81
CONNECTED HEALTH ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT KATHERINE STOWELL “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” - WHO Definition of Health The main goal of this project proposal is to curb the effects of the obesegenic environment by encouraging fitness, healthy dieting, and providing access to nature. A sense of community is invoked by creating a direct connection to the existing mall by implementing additional retail and health facilities for both visitors, patients, and staff. To promote social interaction and strengthen the sense of community within the hospital, the central atrium features a farmer’s market as well as a grand stair that accommodates seating. In order to facilitate outdoor activities in this extreme climate, shading devices are utilized on many levels of outdoor garden space as well as entrances and walkways.
Fitness Centers Fitness Centers Outdoor Parks / Green Outdoor Parks / Green space Space FreshFood Food Markets Fresh Markets Mosques Mosques FastFood Food Restaurants Fast Restaurants 84 | CONNECTED HEALTH
Area Study
Due to the large number of fast food restaurants and lack of healthy resources made available to the people of Riyadh, the main intent of this hospital is to create a center of activity that promotes a healthy lifestyle.
Connected Program
In order to create a stronger connection with the community, the hospital is linked to the existing mall through a series of walkways and elevated commercial and retail spaces. This facilitates walking and allows both patients, visitors and staff to take advantage of the healthy resources included in our program.
ME
DIC
AL
EDUCATION
URGE
NT CA
RE
Y STO
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SPA ETAIL
ESS R
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ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL | 85
TO SS CE RE AC ATU N
SH
E FR O O D
RN DE INE O M DIC ME
86 | CONNECTED HEALTH
FA
ITH
HE
AL DIE THY T
Atrium Program FIT
NE
SS
Surrounding a celebrated stair in the atrium are ammenities that we deemed vital for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. A fitness center, farmer’s market, mosque, outdoor access and a healthy dining area all are featured at the entrance. These programmed spaces are visible from the exterior and display an active atmosphere.
ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL | 87
Site Plan
88 | CONNECTED HEALTH
First Floor and Access Plan
STA FF UT RO E
BLIC
PU
UTE
RO
IC
BL
PU E UT
RO STAFF ROUTE
PUBLIC ROUTE
STAFF ROUTE
SERVICE ROUTE
EMT ROUTE
SERVICE ROUTE
EMT ROUTE
ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL | 89
Second Floor Plan
90 | CONNECTED HEALTH
Third Floor Plan
ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL | 91
Fourth Floor Plan
92 | CONNECTED HEALTH
Fifth Floor Plan
ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL | 93
MED / SURG ONCOLOGY
RESPIRATORY
CHILD CARE
DENTAL
MOB
ADMINISTRATION
WAITING
MED / SURG
WAITING
LDRP INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
WAITING
FITNESS
PHARMACY
East West Section 1 MED / SURG MED / SURG LDRP INTENSIVE CARE UNIT MATERIALS MANAGEMENT CENTRAL SUPPLY
94 | CONNECTED HEALTH
SURGERY
IMAGING
FARMER’S M MECHANICAL
MARKET / ATRIUM
MED / SURG
MED / SURG
MED / SURG
MED / SURG
LDRP SURGERY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
LDRP INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
IMAGING
CENTRAL SUPPLY
East West Section 2
WAITING WAITING
WAITING
REHABILITATION
PHARMACY
North South Section ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL | 95
Upon entering the hospital, family members and patients register at the front desk and are able to download an application onto their mobile device. This application allows them to explore the hospital while still maintaining a connection with the patient. This app is designed to encourage exploration of the hospital’s amenities and provide education about healthy lifestyles.
96 | CONNECTED HEALTH
131 steps
106 steps
69 steps 47 steps
35 steps
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bz ȽȽ5` sȽȽ4 ˰ ȽȽky,py
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ly,` csȽy ^ȽȽ` e
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A celebrated stair in the main atrium encourages walking due to its location and manageable height. The words of the Quran attract visitors and creates a sense of community as a gathering space to sit upon.
z$0 ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL | 97
Imaging and Emergency Department
The emergency department is accessed from the northeast. Adjacent to the ED is the imaging department, both of which are located near an interior courtyard providing light for patients waiting for treatment. TO STAFF SUPPORT/LOCKERS
NUCLEAR IMAGING ROOM STAFF SUPPORT
INJECTION
INJECTION
RADIOSOTOP LAB STRESS LAB INJECTION
WORKSTATION
INJECTION
TOILET/SHOWER
WAITING ROOM
WAITING
CONSULT ROOM
REST ROOM
R/F ROOM
R/F ROOM
MRI CONTROL ROOM
TRIAGE
IMAGING WAITING
R/F CONT. ROOM
MRI
WAITING ROOM
TRIAGE
TRIAGE R/F CONT. ROOM
R/F ROOM
ISOLATION REST ROOM
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
TREATMENT ROOM
NURSE STATION
TREATMENT ROOM
TRIAGE
PEDIAT.
R/F CONT. ROOM MRI
R/F ROOM
FAST TRACK TO IMAGING
IMAGING TOILET CATH. LAB
CENTRAL SUPPLY
98 | CONNECTED HEALTH
PROCEDURE ROOM
STORAGE
CATH. CONT. PATIENT ROOM HOLDING /SCRUB
CT CONT. ROOM
CT SCAN ROOM
CT SCAN ROOM
CT CONT. ROOM
CT SCAN ROOM
PEDIAT.
GYN.
EYE/ENT.
CARDIAC ROOM
EMERGENCY/IMAGING DEPARTMENT FIRST FLOOR 1/16” 0’ 5’ 10’ 20’ 50’
100’
Surgical Department
The surgical suite is located directly above imaging and ED. Another smaller waiting area is located near the courtyard and allows family to utilize the outdoor garden space while maintaining a connection with the patient
ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL | 99
Through this app family members have the ability to send positive messages to the patient room at any time during their stay.
100 | CONNECTED HEALTH
ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL | 101
Patient Room Section
An external shading device is used on the facade of the bedded care tower. The thickness of the shade was determined through solar studies to ensure no direct sunlight reaches the patient bed throughout the day. The change in thickness creates an undulating rhythm which can be seen on the exterior. 102 | CONNECTED HEALTH
Patient Room Layout
1
View of outdoor landscape from patient bed
2
Short path of travel to bathroom with assisted handrail
4
2
3
Sink encourages staff hand washing while maintaining eye contact with patient and family
5
Space hidden from patients for needle disposal, reduces patient stress
6
Visibility of patient from corridors while still maintaining privacy
5 3
Bathroom door swings in with safety feature to swing out for emergencies
4 1
6
ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL | 103
104 | CONNECTED HEALTH
ALEXANDRIA LEPPERT + KATHERINE STOWELL | 105
CANOPY OASIS KAITLIN GERSON JULIETTE ZIDEK The Canopy Oasis hospital looked at the use of alternative medicines in healthcare and the effect of climate on design. In realizing the need for outdoor courtyards due to the intensity of the arid and hot climate in Saudi Arabia, our team chose to develop an oasis within the hospital itself. A large canopy system enveloping our site shades the building and outdoor space while allowing diffuse light to permeate throught. Through a series of enrionmental analyses, this canopy system was optimized to capture the maximum incident solar radiation throughout the year by changing form over time. It is intended to be constructed of flexible photovolatic fabric, supported by hydraulic columns and tensile cables. The resulting topography from the canopy determined the locations for a series of open-air courtyards and a central mosque. We focused on enhancing patient outcomes by allowing each patient room a view into the planted courtyards, away from the surrounding urban congestion. We also decided to prefabricate the rooms to allow for an ease of construction and potential expansion.
108 | CANOPY OASIS
KAITLIN GERSON + JULIETTE ZIDEK | 109
Topography of Canopy Incident Solar Radiation
Spring
Summer
Canopy Analysis The images on this page depict the optimized canopy forms with their relevant solar radiation and resulitng topographies. These topographies then informed the location of the open-air courtyards within the hospital. The highest points of the canopy became the natural locations for these spaces, so as to provide maximum lighting and ventilation to the planted interior.
110 | CANOPY OASIS
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Overlay of All Seasons
The Use of Prayer Common Prophetic Treatments include: 1. Self-treatment by self-reciting the Qur’an 2. Treatment by a relative through recitation directly over one’s body. 3. Consuming or being massaged with water or oil over which the Qur’an had been recited. Al-Rowais, N., Al-Faris, E., Mohamed, A., Al-Rukban, M., Al-Kurdi, A., Balla Al-Noor, M., ... Sheikh, A. (2008). Prevalence and pattern of alternative medicine use: The results of a household survey. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 28 (1).
LEVEL 03 + 04 Nursing Units
LEVEL 02 Labor + Delivery Surgery
LEVEL 01 MOB Women’s Health Rehabilitation Imaging ED
QI
M
H
I
LEVEL -01 Mechanical Materials Central Sterile Pharmacy Laboratory
RA
BL
A
B
KAITLIN GERSON + JULIETTE ZIDEK | 111
MOB Entrance
Ambulance Entrance 8 8
ED Walk-in 8 8
24
23
Public Entrance
7
8 8 8 8 8
8
9
9
9
9
13 22
11
10
7
6
12
21
14
15
16
18
19
6. Mosque 7. Waiting 8. Treatment Rooms 9. Radiography 10. CT 11. MRI 12. Cath Lab 13. Nuclear Imaging 14. Rehabilitation 15. Women’s Health 16. Administration 17. Child Care 18. Public Outreach 19. Food Services 20. Outpatient Oncology 21. Outpatient Cardiac 22. Outpatient Respiratory 23. Outpatient Ambulatory 24. Fitness Center
20
17
Level 01 | Entrances
3
1
4
2
1. Central Sterile 2. Materials Management 3. Laboratory 4. Pharmacy 5. Mechanical
5
Service Entrance
Level -01 | Services 112 | CANOPY OASIS
0
50’
100’
200’
400’
Mecca
N
Alternative Medicines There are several types of alternative medicines used in Saudi Arabia, two of the most widely used include Prayer and Medicinal Herbs. The central courtyard of the hospital is where both of these alternative medicines are located. There is a central two-story mosque surrounded by medicinal herbs. Common health symptoms treated1
Herbs and plants widely used in traditional Saudi medication2 Achillea biebersteinii An infusion from its leaves is used to reduce itching.
Allergy
Ecbolium virde Its leaves are used for treating skin rashes. Rhazya stricta Whole plant is used for improving bad breath, chest pain, skin rash. Mentha longifolia Fresh leaves with tea is taken to relieve stomach-ache and head-ache.
Headache
Arnebia hispidissima A solution obtained from boiling the whole plant in water is taken as tea to relieve fever. Moringa peregrina Oil from the seeds is used to relieve headaches, fever.
Fever
Senecio asirensis A decoction made from its leaves is used for treating fevers. Calligonum comosum Dried stems and leaves are used against toothache.
Dental pain
Indigofera articulata Soaked roots are chewed to relieve toothache. Ricinus communis Leaves and roots are used to treat bad breath, toothache etc.
Diarrhea
Nepeta deflersiana A mixture of leaves extract and tea is taken orally to ease stomach problems. Nerium oleander An extract from leaves is used for treating bronchitis, and coughs.
Cough
Tephrosia apollinea Ground leaves are used to treat cough. Sisymbrium irio A solution obtained from boiling the seeds in water is used to relieve cold and fever.
Cold and flu
Euphorbia schimperiana An extract of leaves and roots is used as a laxative. Matricaria aurea Inflorescence is used for making a tea for all stomach ailments.
Abdominal pains
Ruta chalepensis Leaves are used to cure rheumatism and abdominal colic.
01 02 03 04 05 0 Percentage of Studied Adolescent Population
Senna italica A solution made from boiling the leaves is used for treating constipation and stomach cramps. Tamarindus indicus Fruits are used as a laxative.
1 Musaiger, A. O., & Abahussain, N. A. (2014, August 22). Attitudes and Practices of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(1), 173-79. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p173
Labor & Delivery Entrance
Thomas, J. (2012, January 20). Vegetation. Retrieved from Plant Diversity in Saudi Arabia: http://plantdiversityofsaudiarabia.info/
2
25. PACU 26. Operating Rooms 27. CT/OR 28. MR/OR 29. Labor and Delivery
29
25
DN
27
28
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Level 02 | Surgical
0
50’
100’
200’
400’
Mecca
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KAITLIN GERSON + JULIETTE ZIDEK | 113
-
DN
DN
Level 04 | Nursing Units
UP
UP
Level 03 | Nursing Units 0
50’
100’
200’
400’
Mecca
114 | CANOPY OASIS
N
Patient Rooms | Prefabricated
0
25’
Patient Room | View from Bed KAITLIN GERSON + JULIETTE ZIDEK | 115
Patient Room | View from Door
Main Reception | Level 01 116 | CANOPY OASIS
Surgery Waiting | Level 02
Patient Room | View from Footwall
Mosque | Courtyard KAITLIN GERSON + JULIETTE ZIDEK | 117
Longitudinal Section Perspective
Transverse Section Perspective 118 | CANOPY OASIS
Central Courtyard KAITLIN GERSON + JULIETTE ZIDEK | 119
RIYADH GENERAL HOSPITAL JOHNATHON NELSON KIM JOHNSON Riyadh’s General Hospital was designed with three particular goals: improve user experience, provide access/views to nature, and respect cultural values of the region while operating as a westernized healthcare facility. Designing for the user was important for us as research has shown better patient outcomes come from patient happiness. We also realized that the experience of the family and staff were equally important. We used the building mass as a guide to the main departmental areas from the exterior and continuing that understanding of place throughout the interior spaces. The experience in between places was also important to us. Hallways, lobbies and waiting areas, became important areas we needed to focus on. We took cues from the region’s response to privacy and places designated for relaxation and then translated those ideas for our ‘in between’ areas. During an analysis of our site and neighbors, we saw that minimal spaces were allotted for parks. Green spaces were found only at hotel resorts. Our desire for visual and physical access to green spaces led our design of gardens that spilled from the rooftops to the ground. We incorporated green spaces using xeriscape plants on the ground level for first floor users and vehicles driving past, climbing vertically towards the towers and onto all horizontal surfaces. These greenspaces offer visual support for users and acts as a tool used to reduce the solar heat gain occurring on the rooftops.
Traffic Key Emergency Department Main Entrance MOB
MOB
Main Entrance
Service Ambulance Emergency Department
N
Ambulance
Q
122 | RIYADH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Service
6 - 15
Bedded Care
5
Sky Lobby Healing Gardens
4
Labor and Delivery VIP Suits
3
Mechanical Support Services
2
Surgery MOB Child Care Center Children’s Garden
1
Main Entrance Emergency Department Imaging MOB Food Service Support Services JOHNATHON NELSON + KIM JOHNSON | 123
Sun Shading
The base of the hospital is angled due to the site conditions and is in the best position to minimize solar heat gain the patient tower, however is at the worst possible angle. To combat this and still maintain the building position (which for culture reasons necessitated its placement on site) solar shading in the form of intricate 3D printed screens which would work both vertically and horizontally were developed. Light reflective material in order to reduce solar heat load on roof
Green roofs to reduce solar heat load on roof 67000 Wh/m2
+1735000 Wh/m2
solar heat gain on building exterior surfaces based on information found using ecotech
Vertical shading required to reduce solar heating load
horizontal surface to protect from northern and southern sun
124 | RIYADH GENERAL HOSPITAL
vertical louvers to protect from eastern and western sun
motif found in saudi arabian prints. Pattern has horizontal and vertical elements that assist in protecting solar heat coming from the east and west facing facades in addition to the northern and southern light coming in due to the building’s orientation
PROJECTED ICON
*Inspired by Arneill, Aliison., & Devlin, Ann S. 2002
The Waiting Experiance: ED
FAST TRACK CHECK IN & ICON SELECTION
MOTHER EXPERIENCING AN SKIN INFECTION COMES IN WITH FAMILY.
PATIENT
WAITING TIME AND ORDER, COLOR CODED ACUITY LEVELS
ACUITY LEVEL ACQUIRED
ELECTRONIC DEVICE
DATABASE TRIAGE RESULTS, PROFILE CREATED
PROVIDED FOR PATIENTS UPON CHECK-IN
WRIST-LET
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
GREEN SPACES ARE INTRODUCED THROUGHOUT THE HOSPITAL BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE IN ORDER TO CREATE VIEWS.
THE RECEPTION ARE FOR THE ED IS OPEN AND EASY TO ACCESS. PATIENTS RECEIVE INITIAL INFORMATION HERE AND THE RECEPTION DESK STAFF CONTINUALLY CHECK ON THE NEEDS OF PEOPLE WITHIN THE GENERAL AREA.
WAITING ROOM NODES ALLOW FOR PRIVACY FOR FAMILY AND FRIENDS AND OFFER AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE TRADITIONAL WAITING ROOM
THE PUBLIC HALLWAYS ARE WRAPPED WITH WAITING NODES THAT ARE PLACED NEXT TO RETAIL SHOPS AND PUBLIC SERVICE AREAS.
AFTER CHECKING IN WITH THE RECEPTION DESK, THE NEXT STOP IS TRIAGE WHERE INITIAL PHASE BEGINS AND ICON AND WRISTLETS ARE GIVEN TO PATIENTS IN ORDER TO AVOID
PATIENT ROOMS ARE DESIGNED FOR FAST TURN OVER RATE IN ORDER TO.
PATIENT WAITING ROOMS DESIGNED FOR PATIENTS TO WAIT OUTSIDE OF THE PATIENT ROOMS. THIS FREES UP MORE ROOMS AND ALLOWS PATIENT TO WAIT IN A LES STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENT.
JOHNATHON NELSON + KIM JOHNSON | 125
Main Entrance
Retail Pharmacy
Gift Shop
Community Outreach Center
IT Support
Rehabilitation
Womens Health
Outpatient Ambulatory Care
Results Waiting ED Entrance
Patient Waiting Alcoves Cath Lab
Reception
Triage Rooms
Cont. Rm
Cont. Rm
Exam Rooms
Radiography
CT Scan
Cont. Rm
Cont. Rm
Patient Prep.
Cont. Rm
Hot Waiting
Team Station
Injection Rooms
Dining Services
MRI 1
Support
Stress Lab Cont. Rm Procedure Cardiac Rm. Rm. Ambulance Entrance
Nuclear Imaging
Admin.
Support Services
Lab
MRI 2
Support Services
Isolation
1st Floor
Children’s Garden Dental Services
Child Care Center
Support
Fitness Center
Respiratory Therapy
Cardiac Rehabilitation Center
Administration
Surgical Alcoves OR
Pre-Op Lab
Hybrid CTOR
Hybrid MMOR Hybrid MMOR
Male Lockers
OR
Surgery Waiting
Sterile Core Low Acuity PICU
Anesthesiology Female Lockers
2nd Floor 126 | RIYADH GENERAL HOSPITAL
OR
OR
OR
OR Soiled Work Rm.
OR Control
High Acuity PICU MD Work Rm.
MOB Support Services
Oncology
Waiting Alcoves
Inspired by traditional Islamic architecture the alcoves provide a semi-private waiting area, that are part of the hospitals decentralized waiting experience. Each alcove contains a screen that displays the patients position in the que and allows family to easily monitor where loved ones are. Helping to de-stress the waiting experience is one part of ensuring the best patient outcomes.
Main Entrance Exterior
ED Waiting Alcove Hallway
Main Entrance Interior
ED Results Waiting
Surgical Alcoves
Above the main ED waiting alcoves on the first floor are surgical alcoves. On the surgical floor the staff break and meeting rooms have been decentralized and placed in these alcoves. Frosted class over the light wells allow for natural light to floor into the surgical floor while still protecting patient privacy and restricting direct sun exposure
JOHNATHON NELSON + KIM JOHNSON | 127
Labor and Delivery
Mechanical Space
VIP Suits
Central Sterile
Pharmacy
Laboratory
3rd Floor
4th Floor Healing Gardens
A major portion of the hospitals patient experience centers on the expansive gardens. The main gardens are on the 5th floor as part of the sky lobby. To the east a general garden with curved paths and a large fountain create a quite healing oasis. To the west is the rehabilitation garden which uses linear paths to reduce confusion and contains a labyrinth and specialized rehabilitation area with ramps Women’s Prayer Room
Men’s Prayer Room
Security Desk
Bazaar
5th Floor 128 | RIYADH GENERAL HOSPITAL
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Children’s Garden
Located outside the child care center on the 2nd floor, the children’s garden features enclosed learning and play spaces. The garden also contains several free standing green walls to help teach kids how to tend garden.
JOHNATHON NELSON + KIM JOHNSON | 129
Family Waiting
Consultation
Team Station
Clean
Clean
Soiled
Soiled
Team Station
Clinical Elevators
Conference
Staff Lounge
Med / Surge Neighborhood 6-15th Floor
Care Giver Area Patient Area Family Area
130 | RIYADH GENERAL HOSPITAL
Oversized Family Area To Accommodate Large Saudi Families Hand Washing Station
Headboard
Respecting Islamic Culture
As a team it was decided early in the design phase to stay true to the program and create a “western style hospital� but still make reasonable accommodations for the strict religious culture of Saudi Arabia. Gender separation was not prioritized, however quibla direction was. To achieve this we curved the patient tower and arranged beds in the most convenient and respectful way. Patients in all beds can easily roll to their right and be immediately aligned to the quibla direction to facilitate easy prayer as required 5 times a day. JOHNATHON NELSON + KIM JOHNSON | 131
GREEN VEIL
THOMAS HAWK SIJIA LIU
“...’Man could make Paradise on Earth, make the Desert Bloom, that he was Creator and Steward...” Gardens and Courtyards can be a powerful healing supplement in the right conditions. With a bridge spanning the main road and several specialized courtyards within, Green Veil strives to take healing gardens to the next level. Three bed towers rise up to help disrupt direct solar radiation with the help of a double skin facade derived from cultural patterns and historic facades. The gardens within adapt to each department that they are located in to best meet the needs of the patients and the staff alike. From the grand main courtyard to its smaller counterparts, Green Veil moves to heal through the comfort of Nature.
0ft 25f
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Main Entry ED Walk-in Ambulance
Staff Entry
Service Outpatient Emergency Loop
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Zoning according to the arrangement of different entrances.
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134 | GREEN VEIL
Tra
Site Plan with Concept Development
ING
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To separate people and vehicles, raise MOB to second floor directly connectd to the parking garage.
ING
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Move the LDRP to third floor, to provide a relatively independent level for pregnant women.
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&TT DD&
Inp
P LIC BR PLUD
B p. O InM
To provide a continuous connection among the quadyards outdoors, move Surgery on second floor with LDPR.
B MO
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Quadyards with different expression come with the staggered bed tower . THOMAS HAWK + SIJIA LIU | 135
Islamic Gardens Diversity ...interplay between Real and Ideal, Practicality and Fantasy, Tangible and Symbolic, Physcial and Metaphysical, Urban and Natural...
Beauty ...richness of the Soul and the humble appearance of the body...
Conservation ...element of enviornmental concern, a basic tenet of Islam...
Contextuality ...requirement to have a garden designed in response to other elements of architecture...
Individualism ...considered central to Islam, where each person is responsible directly to God and bearing in mind that individuals also have a duty not to harm their neighbors’ ...
Multiple-Use ...central to the Islamic Garden, which should provide food and water not only for inhabitants, but also animals and birds, to shade and protect...
Moderation ...need to maintain balance of man with nature, to neither impose a form of rational will on nature, nor submit to a concept of nature...
136 | GREEN VEIL
Nursing Units
Outdoor Shell space
··· LADR
Shell Space Expansion
Mechanical and Transfer Floor
Surgical Procedures
C-Section Surgical Support
Holding PACU Waiting
Bed Tower Atriums
Dental Ambulatory Women’s Care Outpatient cardiac Oncology Outpatient Respiratory
Imaging Cafe Emergency Staff Support Gift Shop Retail Pharmacy Administration VIP Rehabilitation IT Support Childcare Education
88°
Fitness Service Court Processing
41°
Mechanical Food Services Material Mgmt. Administration Pharmacy Lab Mechanical
Visors Visors West and East
South
North
Stacking and Ciruclation THOMAS HAWK + SIJIA LIU | 137
Level: 01 ED - MOB - Imaging
The first level houses the Emergency Department as well as that of Imaging. The lower level of MOB is also located on the buildings west side and is available through boht the entrance courtyard and the second level bridge from the parking structure across the main street. The entrance courtyard continues through the public middle section fof the buildign and connects to the side courtyard seen in the rendering below.
Main Entrance
ED Walk-in
Ambulance
Staff
0ft
Service
25f
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138 | GREEN VEIL
25ft
50ft
100ft
N
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Level: 02 MOB - Surgery
The second level is the primary connection to the parking structure takes place, allowing for direct access to all outpatient sections of the MOB as well as a straight path to the central circulation core. Surgery is located on the building’s east side0ft directly above ED and 25f t Imaging 50f t 100
ft
0ft
25ft
50ft
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100ft
Main MOB Access
With the second level being the primary access point to the MOB, it wanted to become a more grand gesture. By having the bridge curve into the building from the neighboring parking structure, it not only puts emphasis on the bridge itself, but also the main courtyard that it embraces. Cultural screens and access to a second floor courtyard right at entry gives a more comforting feel as the space is entered.
Surgery Courtyard
The courtyard located on the buildings eastern most side on the second level is dedicated to the surgery staff. It is a courtyard away from the public to allow the surgery staff to relax for a moment during their shift or between operations.
THOMAS HAWK + SIJIA LIU | 139
Level: 04 LADR
LADR is located on the fourth level, above the mechanical floor and begins the section of the building with inpatient rooms. The LADR is divided into three main sections, two of which house the LADR rooms. They are divided in two with respect to non-native methods and more native and culture based methods. The last section holds the NICU and C-Section. Courtyards separate the sections with views and their is a personal labor walk courtyard on the eastern side.
0ft 25f
50f
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0ft
140 | GREEN VEIL
t
25ft
50ft
100ft
N
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Level: 05 - 09 Bed Towers
The bed towers located at the top of the building are divided into three. The primary reason being gender separation and to offer more views for the patients in the rooms.
Consultation Team Conference
TLT
On-Call
TLT
Med Room
Bed Alley
Nurse Manager
Soiled Utility
Clean Supply
Staff Lounge
Family Waiting
Central Reception
Consultation
Family Waiting Consultation
Staff Lounge
Relaxation/Prayer Corner
Room Layout
The rooms are primarily laid out with patient safety in mind. The angling of the facade also allows for clear views outside from the patient bed as well as clear view of the patient from the perspective of the staff walking along the corridors.
Nurse Team Station
TLT
Nurse Manager
0ft
Med Room
25f
t 100
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25ft
50ft
Clean Supply
Staff Lounge
t 50f
0ft
Soiled Utility
On-Call
Bed Alley
N
N
100ft
THOMAS HAWK + SIJIA LIU | 141
Level: 02 Mechanical Floor
The primary mechanical floor is located between the LADR and Surgery floors. This allows for the specific HVAC for each department to be easily divided, with surgery receiving its need for heavy HVAC and LADR and the Bed Towers receiving what is necessary.
Mechanical/Shell Space
0ft 25f
t 50f
t 100
ft
0ft
Room Layout
Most of the support for the building is located on the lower level. This includes the delivery and service area as well as additional mechanical spaces that may be needed. Key support departments like Processing and material Management are located more directly under Surgery to allow for direct access through a separate elevator core.
142 | GREEN VEIL
25ft
50ft
100ft
N
N
Bed Tower
lDRP Mech. PACU
Bridge
Waiting
Wo
Lobby Service Lobby
Gym. Mech.
Lab.
Bed Tower
LDRP Mech.
Mech. Women
Ambulatory
Gym.
Admin.
Mech.
Mech.
C-Section Imaging
Imaging
OR Support Emergency Mech.
RP Mech.
h.
y
n.
h.
C-Section Imaging
Imaging
OR Support Emergency Mech.
THOMAS HAWK + SIJIA LIU | 143
144 | GREEN VEIL
THOMAS HAWK + SIJIA LIU | 145
RWC: RIYADH WELLNESS CENTER FOLARIN IJELU ERASMO ORTEGA This project looks to promote health and wellness as a lifestyle through the use of designed elements within the hospital. This leads to us changing the idea of what a hospital can be and what it can offer the community. The project combines retail with hospital program to create a place for the entire community. The hospital can become a community center because of the way Saudi mall culture permeates all aspects of life.
SITE PLAN
148 | RWC: RIYADH WELLNESS CENTER
HEALING GARDENS
ENTRY GARDEN
REHAB HEALING GARDEN
Using EBD ideas, these healing gardens are designed to help in the patient healing process while promoting a healthy lifestyle for both clinicians and family members.
Waiting
Accessible
Protection
Views
Textures
CONNECTION GARDENS These gardens become a hybrid between traditional islamic gardens and waiting spaces for both patients and clinicians. The mix of traditional plantings with winding paths leading to areas of interest creates successful spaces.
COURTYARD GARDEN
CHILD AREA GARDEN
POPLAR TREE Nov
Feb
25m
MULBERRY TREE Nov APRICOT TREE Dec Feb POMEGRANATE TREE Feb Oct
RED JUDAS Feb
Aug
May
CHERRY TREE QUINCE TREE
Nov
PLUM TREE
Oct Mar TREFOIL
5m
DOG ROSE Oct
Sep
Sep
Jun
Mar
FIG TREE
Feb Sep
Mar
Jun FOLARIN IJELU + ERASMO ORTEGA | 149
Courtyard Create an enclosure to shield from sun and focus interest inwards
RIYADH_SITE
Step backs Upper Floor setback and create shaded Courtyard terraces bed tower naturefrom spaces Create anand enclosure to shield sun CHAMPAIGN_SOUTHand QUAD CHCIAGO_ART focus interest inwards
INSTITUTE
COURTYARD Step backs Upper Floor and create CREATES AN setback ENCLOSURE TOshaded SHIELD FROM Courtyard terraces and bed tower nature Create an enclosure to shield from sun SUN AND FOCUS INTERESTspaces INWARDS
STEP BACKS Absorb UPPER FLOOR SETBACKS CREATE The creates a full edge towards theSHADED Stepcurve backs south orienting itself towards the mall Upperwhile Floor setback and create shaded TERRACES AND SPACES FOR NATURE
ABSORB THEAbsorb CURVE CREATES A FULL EDGE TOWARDS The curve a full edge towards the backscreates THEStep SOUTH WHILE ORIENTING ITSELF south while orienting itself towards the mall Upper Floor setback and create shaded TOWARDS THE MALL terraces and bed tower nature spaces
EXTEND Extend A PUBLIC CORRIDOR TO THE CREATING Creating a public corridor to the garage Absorb EXTENDS CARAGE THE USABLE INDOOR AREA extends the usablea indoor area for retail The curve creates full edge towards the FOR RETAIL AND OUTPATIENT SERVICES and outpatient services
and focus interest inwards
150 | RWC: RIYADH WELLNESS CENTER
terraces and bed tower nature spaces
south while orienting itself towards the mall
MODEL
FOLARIN IJELU + ERASMO ORTEGA | 151
AXON STACKING
152 | RWC: RIYADH WELLNESS CENTER
Inpatient Beds
L6
Inpatient Beds
L5
Inpatient Beds
L4
Inpatient Beds
L3 L2 L1
Outpatient Outpatient
Rehab Sterile Supply
Labor & Delivery Diabetes Edu.
Pharm Public
Fitness Center
Food Service
Surgical Procedures
Imaging
ICU ED
Pharm Lab
Materials Mech.
Inpatient Beds
L6
Inpatient Beds
L5
Inpatient Beds
L4
Inpatient Beds
L3 L2
Outpatient
L1
Outpatient
Labor & Delivery Diabetes Edu.
Fitness Pharm Public Center
Food Service
Sterile Supply
Imaging
Rehab Surgical Procedures
ICU ED
Pharm Lab
Materials Mech.
BLOCKING AND STACKING DIAGRAMS
FOLARIN IJELU + ERASMO ORTEGA | 153
ED 1_Vesibule 2_Triage Room 3_Waiting Room 4_Bereavement Room 5_Clean Workroom 6_Soiled Workroom
7_Staff Zone 8_Treatment Room 9_Eye/ENT Room 10_Gyno. Exam Room 11_Consult Room 12_Isolation Room
13_Resuscitation Room 14_Procedure Room 15_Pediatric Treatment Room 16_Nurses Station
1
ED ENTRANCE
5 6
5 7
1_Radiography/Fluoroscopy 2_CT Scan 3_Nuclear Imaging 4_MRI
1
3
6 8
5_Cardiac Catheterization 6_Support 7_Waiting 8_Staff Zone
GROUND FLOOR
154 | RWC: RIYADH WELLNESS CENTER
4 8 9 10 11
16 15 14 13
MAIN ENTRANCE
Imaging
3
2
7
2 4
MATERIALS
12
AMBULANCE
3RD - 6TH FLOOR
Surgical Procedures 1_General OR 2_Hybrid CTOR 3_Hybrid MROR 4_Sub Sterile
5_C-Section Room 6_Support Spaces 7_Clean Workroom 8_Soiled Workroom
9_Pre-Operative Holding 10_PACU 11_Waiting 12_Staff Support
10 6 11
3
7 8
2
1 4 1
1
1
1
9 12
5
1
2ND FLOOR
FOLARIN IJELU + ERASMO ORTEGA | 155
2_RECEPTION
1_ENTRY
NARRATIVE
156 | RWC: RIYADH WELLNESS CENTER
4_OR
3_WAITING
6_MED/SURG RECOVERY
5_ICU RECOVERY
7_DISCHARGE
FOLARIN IJELU + ERASMO ORTEGA | 157
EXTERIOR SKIN
WEST SECTION VIEW
158 | RWC: RIYADH WELLNESS CENTER
LOBBY ENTRANCE
EAST SECTION VIEW
FOLARIN IJELU + ERASMO ORTEGA | 159
STAFF ZONE PATIENT ZONE
HYGIENE ZONE
PATIENT ROOM PLAN
160 | RWC: RIYADH WELLNESS CENTER
FAMILY ZONE
PATIENT ROOM
FOLARIN IJELU + ERASMO ORTEGA | 161
8 1
8 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1
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3 3
10 10
Horizontal Aluminium Member Translucent laminated safety glass 1 Horizontal Aluminium Member Aluminium bracket Translucent laminated safety glass Structural silicone2sealant 3 Aluminium Steel angles for glass structure bracket 4 Structural silicone sealant Steel Grating Aluminium sheet 5 Steel angles for glass structure Double glazing: 86mmSteel floatGrating glass with solar coating Bolt connection 7 Aluminium sheet 8 Double glazing: 8 mm float glass with solar coatin Vertical aluminum structural member 9 Bolt connection Steel beam with fireproofing 10 Vertical aluminum structural member Steel angle 11 Steel beam with fireproofing 12 Steel angle 2
3
16’
1
4
MODULE
DOUBLE SKIN DETAIL
MODULE
9
10
9
10
PLAN
8’
PLAN SCALE: 1/2” = 1’-0”
8’
PLAN SCALE: 1/2” = 1’-0”
162 | RWC: RIYADH WELLNESS CENTER
WA
SCA
1_HORIZONTAL ALUMINIUM MEMBER 2_TRANSLUCENT LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS 3_ALUMINIUM BRACKET 8 4_STRUCTURAL SILICONE SEALANT 5_STEEL ANGLES FOR GLASS STRUCTURE 1 Horizontal Aluminium Member 2 Translucent laminated safety glass 6_STEEL GRATING 3 Aluminium bracket 7_ALUMINIUM SHEET 10 4 Structural silicone sealant 5 Steel angles for glassSOLAR structure SHADING 8_DOUBLE GLAZING: 8MM FLOAT GLASS W/ 6 Steel Grating 9_BOLT CONNECTION 7 Aluminium sheet 10_VERTICAL ALUMINIUM STRUCTURAL MEMBER 8 Double glazing: 8 mm float glass with solar coating 9 Bolt connection 11_STEEL BEAM WITH FIREPROOFING 10 Vertical aluminum structural member 12_STEEL ANGLE 11 Steel beam with fireproofing 12 Steel angle 2
3
16’
1
8 4 5
6
11 7 12
9
10
BUILDING SHADE
8’
WALL SECTION
SHADE STUDY
SCALE: 1/2” = 1’-0”
WALL SECTION
FOLARIN IJELU + ERASMO ORTEGA | 163
GARDENS OF DELIGHT SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA APARNA UVARAJ The aim of the design was to develop a holistic experience within the healthcare setting, that bestows care to the patients and their family, while providing the staff with favorable working condition. The project focuses on systemic circulation patterns among and within various departments, superimposed with the treatment zones,amenities and interactive zones. These internal spaces are woven into the outdoor through specially treated gardens which accelerate the process of healing. The building design assists stack effect through a large open atrium. The patient rooms are designed to provide optimal sunlight from the north and the east, for speedy recovery. And the landscape provides visual and thermal comfort. A crucial element to the design is the canopy that masks the entire structure and cycles cooling water that provides thermal conditioning to the occupants.
The Big Idea The concept of the design stems from research studies that demonstrate the positive attributes of interaction in the process of healing, at environmental, social and technological levels, among patients, families and staff.
166 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA + APARNA UVARAJ | 167
Planning
168 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
Planning
SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA + APARNA UVARAJ | 169
Stacking Diagram
170 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
Riser Diagram
SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA + APARNA UVARAJ | 171
Building Formation The design and the form were influenced by arabic patterns. The abstraction of such a pattern accommodated the requisite of gender separation within the bed tower. The form aided in the manifestation of an unconventional curvilinear design with an exterior that is captivating and interior that supports unobtrusive layers of circulation.
172 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
N NN
SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA + APARNA UVARAJ | 173
Roof Plan
174 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
Access Plan
SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA + APARNA UVARAJ | 175
Ground Plan The Ground level houses the Emergency, Imaging and Outpatient Departments that require critical and public access.
EN T
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CA
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PUBLIC CLINICAL SUPPORT
176 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
25’
Main Entry
SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA + APARNA UVARAJ | 177
main entry
178 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
check-in lobby
SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA + APARNA UVARAJ | 179
180 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA + APARNA UVARAJ | 181
182 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA + APARNA UVARAJ | 183
kids’ playing area
184 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
family waiting area
SEVARA KHABIBULLAEVA + APARNA UVARAJ | 185
Second Floor Plan The Second Floor includes Surgical Department (right above ED and Imaging) and Public Amenities and Services on the other wing.
FITNESS
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MM SP UNIT AC E Y
NE
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IT
CO
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CH CA ILD RE
DI N AR IN EA G
PA C
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PH
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SO
IL
186 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
SE
RV
IC
E
25’
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188 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
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transfering to patient room
190 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
Third Floor Plan The Third floor acts as the point of entry from the Parking garage, through a bridge. It houses retail facilities and landscape zones that provide positive distraction. From this point, the user has the flexibbiltiy to acces the bed tower units on the top or the DNT departments at the base.
50’ 10’
25’
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Patient Bed Tower A typical bed tower floor accommodates sixteen units in each of the two wings that provides optimum patient to nurse ratios. In addition there are recreation spaces provided for the staff.
50’ 10’
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25’
staff garden
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staff breakout area
194 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
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196 | GARDENS OF DELIGHT
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typical patient room
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Evaporative Cooling Building Skin An element of marvel is added by the Khimar (Veil). The exterior canopy which is influenced by delicate and beautiful silken masks made out of wood that once masked the exteriors of Buildings in the Middle East, called the Mashrabiya. The intent was to deconstruct the identity and tradition of Mashrabiya as a static concept, and instead adopt innovative technology to cycle water through hollow terracotta blocks, so the prevalent incoming air is conditioned before it reaches the occupants. Depending on the position and orientation, the depth of the elements, the perception of the envelope and the spatial experience changes. Mashrabiya deconstructs the notion of cultural identity and tradition as a static concept, by incorporating flow of water though it.
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Hot air escaping from high claustre work opening
Sun shade
Shutters control air movement
Evaporative cooling as breeze passes over surface of porous water pot
Oriel window enclosed with carved wood latticework located on the second storey of a building
Porous water pot
Tiles cooled through natural process of seepage and evaporation
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Gardens Front Porch
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Gardens Formal Garden
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steel structures for graston technique therapy
garden for patients going through physical therapy to accomplish minor challenges as they are walking through the park fixed bike to encourage patients to ride it, waters splash as patients ride the bike
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stairs along the path help patients to exercie
bridge over small body of water to walk across
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children’s garden located in the middle of hospital to make it easy for parents to keep an eye on their kids
activities for kids, such as, climbing walls and musical instruments
round textured floor elements for kids to jump around and create interactive element
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meditation garden is away from the busiest parts of the hospital and includes maze
meditation garden is away from the busiest parts of the hospital and includes maze
prayer room is part of the meditation garden
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ldrp garden
ldrp garden is connected to the fourth level ldrp department for women in labor to take a walk
seating area for mother’s with space to keep the strollers parked next to benches
enclosed, more private seating area for patients.
ramp is connected back to the ldrp department
ramp is connected to the recreational | shopping level
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vegetable garden
vegetable garden for patients to own and grow their own vegetables plot for vine tree
plot for eggplants
plot for sorghum plot for tomatoes
plot for barley
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atrium children’s play area
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Published on May 6, 2015 By the Students of ARCH 572: Behavior + Environment University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ISBN 978-1-329-14996-0
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