State of Execution
in project executed in construction
Location: Bilbao
Figure 1b: Bilbao’s bicycle network. Although the bike is growly being recognised in the city as a transport mean, the network is still insufficient with only 14 km of lanes. With a scenario of an increase in public transport prices, an increase in the use of the bike is expected. This should make the administration to accomplish the “City Bike Plan” which includes an expansion of the network and the service.
that cities must have the capacity to realize incremental adjust-ments (adaptations), but also, they must seed their capacity to transform. Under normal circumstances, cities usually avoid vulnerabilities leading to those incremental changes in their structure which can eventually lead to spontaneous and self-generating processes leading to transformations in the end. Just to give an example, at local level, the increase of oil prices gradually might make citizens use the public transportation in a regular basis; if maintained, such raise in demand can deliberately induce a transformation of the mobility culture entailing a transformation of the public transport infrastructure or the born of new bicycles renting enterprises for instance. This is also conceptually recognised in the sociotechnical transitions discipline where niches of innovation and change are essential to open windows of transformation in upper regimes (Geels, 2004)which can lead to a system's transition. In consonance with this, the socio-
ecological systems literature defines this transformability as the capacity of "defining and creating new stability landscapes by introducing new components and ways of making a living" (Walker et al., 2004, p. 5). In truth, although it might be found a kind of resistance to the change, at some point in the city's management performance, it might be necessary to think about the opportunities that this change might bring. The transformation might affect an evolution in the nature of the structure (i.e. planning, land-use, landscape...), the functions (design, basic services, infrastructures, economic activity ...) and/or the processes of the city (such as social networks performance, governance processes, behaviour, consumption and/or choices). To make this renovation possible, cities need also to seed the capacity to transform using learning and knowledge management as the main tools for resilience management.
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