FOR REAL pre_intermediate sample unit by Helbling Mexico & Central America

pre-intermediate

Martyn Hobbs and Julia Starr Keddle

P M

with Katherine Stannett and Rob Nicholas

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News p.36

Stories p.28

UNIT

New lives p.16

Gap year p.8

• Present perfect with just • Present perfect with already • Present perfect with yet • still • Whose + possessive pronouns

• Talking about the present • Asking and talking about possessions • Travelling by plane

• Expressing possibility • Describing a picture

• Talking about the past • Telling stories

FUNCTIONS & REAL COMMUNICATION

• Past participles • Present perfect • Present perfect with for or since • Present perfect v past simple • been and gone • Present simple for fixed future events

• Talking about past experiences • Talking about fixed future events • Summer camp applications

GRAMMAR

VOCABULARY

• Modal verbs: present and past possibility • Multi-word verbs • Object pronouns

• Past continuous v past simple • said / asked + direct speech • when / while

GRAMMAR

SKILLS, STRATEGIES, PRONUNCIATION

GOING AWAY

Reading: a brochure about visiting New York Listening: three tourists talking about their movements in New York Speaking: discussing choices of places to visit and agreeing an itinerary, reporting to the class Writing: a 3-day guide to a major city in your country Strategies: talking in groups Pronunciation: /j/ /dʒ/

• Music • At the airport

• Feelings • Paintings

• Transport and roads

VOCABULARY

SKILLS, STRATEGIES, PRONUNCIATION

Listening: a young person answering questions about her possessions Reading: an interview with a young man about his possessions Speaking: asking and answering about personal possessions Writing: preparing a class blog Strategies: learning new words Pronunciation: linking words

TOWARDS EXAMS

PET Listening (LINKS p.4)

Get into culture Route 66 Stately homes in the UK Interculture Native Americans (LINKS pp.2223) Ethnic diversity in the USA (LINKS pp.24-25) Story Blog (LINKS pp.38-39) CLIL Art: Modern art movements (LINKS pp.48-49)

PET Listening (LINKS p.6)

PET Reading Part 5 (SB p.45)

Trinity ISE I Interview (SBp.44)

TOWARDS EXAMS

Trinity ISE I Portfolio Correspondence (SB p.24, p.25)

INTERCULTURE, STORY, CLIL, SONG

CLIL Music: History of jazz (LINKS pp.46-47) Song Englishman in New York (LINKS p.61)

Interculture The USA (LINKS pp.18-19) Holidays in the USA (LINKS pp.20-21)

Get into culture Summer camps Tourism

INTERCULTURE, STORY, CLIL, SONG

Reading: four strange stories Listening: understanding information about Banksy and Tate Britain Speaking: telling stories prompted by visuals Writing: inventing stories Strategies: understanding visuals Pronunciation: /ɔɪ/ /eɪ/

MODULE 2

FACT OR FICTION

Reading: an article about activities and advice for a gap year Listening: two people talking about their gap year experiences Speaking: interviewing a person about experiences during a gap year Writing: an email relating gap year experiences Strategies: reading for information Pronunciation: /eə/ /ɪə/

• Countries • Activities

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P M

UNIT

MODULE 1

FUNCTIONS & REAL COMMUNICATION

Contents

30/05/11 08:29

• Reporting what people say • Talking generally • Talking about habits • Making requests and excuses

UNIT

Society p.68

Student life p.96

Work p.88

UNIT

Family and friends p.76

• Talking about regrets • Dealing with difficult situations

• Talking about imagined situations • Having a job interview

• Third conditional • wish / should have / ought to have • Adverbials

• Second conditional • wish + past simple / wish + would • Defining relative clauses

GRAMMAR

• Reported speech (2): reported questions • Reporting verbs

• Reported speech (1): reporting statements • Reporting present facts • Indefinite pronouns • each, every, each other • get used to/be used to doing

FUNCTIONS & REAL COMMUNICATION

• Reporting what someone asked • Reporting purpose • Talking about pet hates

FUNCTIONS & REAL COMMUNICATION

GRAMMAR

• Zero conditional • Conditional with imperatives • First conditional • when, as soon as, unless

• Talking about conditions • Digital talk • Making phone calls • Using email, message boards and chat rooms

Danger p.56

SKILLS, STRATEGIES, PRONUNCIATION Reading: an article about the work of an environmental organisation Listening: understanding a talk about how to help the environment Speaking: discussing pollution and rubbish problems in the local area Writing: designing a poster for an environmental campaign Strategies: using a dictionary Pronunciation: /æ/ /ɑː/ Listening: a presentation about helping the environment Reading: an article about endangered tribes Speaking: discussing the lifestyles of endangered tribes Writing: a report on how your classmates help the environment Pronunciation: /l/ /ǝl/

• Science fiction • Environmental problems

• Geographical features

ONE WORLD

VOCABULARY

• Multi-word verbs

• Careers

VOCABULARY

Listening: understanding a memory test and a mathematical test Reading: an article about the human brain Speaking: discussing the solution to a puzzle Writing: writing a text from memory Strategies: improving your memory and your study skills Pronunciation: /s/ /ʃ/

Reading: an article about market research Listening: an interview with a young market researcher Speaking: discussing what makes someone buy something Writing: a diary entry Strategies: using a dictionary (2) Pronunciation: /ɑː/ /æ/

SKILLS, STRATEGIES, PRONUNCIATION

LIFESTYLE

Listening: three people describing their best friend’s physical appearance and character Reading: a survey about friendship Speaking: discussing famous friends, activities with friends, the most important qualities in a friendship Writing: an essay describing a best friend Strategies: improving your writing skills Pronunciation: /ð/ /θ/

MODULE 5

• Expressing feelings • Common expressions • Describing people

Reading: four short reports of crimes Listening: a radio report about crimes and young criminals in the UK Speaking: discussing personal experiences and common crimes in your country Writing: a letter describing being the victim of a crime Strategies: vocabulary fields Pronunciation: /g/ /k/

• Signs of the Zodiac • Household chores • Crime and criminals

PEOPLE

SKILLS, STRATEGIES, PRONUNCIATION

MODULE 4

VOCABULARY

Future life p.48

• will (predictions and future facts) • be going to v present continuous for future

GRAMMAR

• Talking about the future • Everyday situations • Communicating with will

UNIT

MODULE 3

P M

FUNCTIONS & REAL COMMUNICATION

Get into culture Part-time jobs Saying sorry Interculture Australia (LINKS pp.30-31) Watching Australian history (LINKS pp.32-33) CLIL Business: Viral marketing

INTERCULTURE, STORY, CLIL, SONG

TOWARDS EXAMS

PET Listening (LINKS p.12)

Trinity ISE I Portfolio (SB p.105)

PET Speaking Part 2 (SB pp.104)

TOWARDS EXAMS

PET Listening (LINKS p.10)

PET Listening Part 4 (SB p.85)

PET Reading Part 4 (SB p.84)

TOWARDS EXAMS

PET Listening (LINKS p.8)

Trinity ISE I Portfolio Writing a report (SB p.63, p.64)

PET Reading Part 3 (SB p.65)

Get into culture Teenagers and parents Speed dating Interculture Europe: Erasmus exchanges (LINKS pp.28-29) Story The legend of Multnomah Falls (LINKS pp.40-41) CLIL Maths: Probability (LINKS pp.52-53) Song You’ve got a friend (LINKS p.63)

INTERCULTURE, STORY, CLIL, SONG

Get into culture The cost of being a teen Communication in the UK Interculture Europe: Unity in diversity (LINKS pp.26-27) CLIL The Environment: wind farms (LINKS pp.50-51) Songs Born to be Wild (LINKS p.62) Aquarius (LINKS p.62)

INTERCULTURE, STORY, CLIL, SONG

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Irregular verbs

Word list

Descriptions of places Semi-formal letters Telling a story Magazine articles Informal letters Reviews Advice and instructions Reading into writing

page 247

pages 240-246

pages 232-239

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Writing skills

• Past perfect • Past perfect and past simple • Tenses review

pages 147-231

• Talking about the past • Talking about books

• Present perfect continuous • Present perfect continuous v present perfect simple • used to / didn’t use to / would

Workbook

Life and times p.136

• Talking about the recent past • Talking about past habits • Talking about films

GRAMMAR

• Past simple passive • Present perfect passive • Past continuous passive • Future passive • have something done • Reflexive pronouns

• Present passive • Non-defining relative clauses

FUNCTIONS & REAL COMMUNICATION

• Describing past facts • Organising other people to do things • Working in a team

Entertainment p.128

UNIT

Extreme sports p.116

Exploration p.108

• Talking about processes • Planning a camping trip

GRAMMAR

MODULE 6

CHALLENGE SKILLS, STRATEGIES, PRONUNCIATION

Reading: an article about a rally Listening: matching dialogues about a rally to blog entries Speaking: discussing opinions about a rally Writing: short diary entries about a car journey Strategies: understanding non-verbal information Pronunciation: linking

• Extreme sports

• Book genres • Book reviews

• Films

VOCABULARY

Culture

Reading: an article about a musician who was also a painter Listening: talking about going to concerts Speaking: discussing concerts Writing: a review of a concert Strategies: presenting your written work Pronunciation: /h/ /f/ /v/

Reading: understanding film reviews and plots Listening: six extracts from different genres of films Speaking: talking about your favourite film Writing: a film review Strategies: listening to tone of voice, sound effects, background music as clues to understanding Pronunciation: /ʃ/ /tʃ/

SKILLS, STRATEGIES, PRONUNCIATION

Module 7

Get into culture The Bafta Awards World Book Day Interculture Literature (LINKS pp.36-37) Story The Double (LINKS pp.44-45) CLIL Literature: World War 1 poetry (LINKS pp.58-59) Song She’s leaving home (LINKS p.64)

TOWARDS EXAMS

PET Listening (LINKS p.14)

PET Listening Part 2 (SB p.125)

PET Writing Part 1 (SB p.124)

TOWARDS EXAMS

PET Listening (LINKS p.16)

Trinity ISE I Portfolio (SB p.145)

PET Speaking Parts 3 & 4 (SB p.144)

Get into culture The Duke of Edinburgh’s Award The pub quiz Interculture The history of the English language (LINKS pp.34-35) Story Space (LINKS pp.42-43) CLIL Physics: Space junk (LINKS pp.56-57) Song We are the Champions (LINKS p.63)

INTERCULTURE, STORY, CLIL, SONG

Reading: an article about geocaching Listening: three people talking about experiences of geocaching Speaking: discussing ideas for a time capsule Writing: a letter describing your present life to somebody in the future Strategies: acting as a chairperson and as a secretary in a group discussion Pronunciation: comparing stress in verbs and their derivatives

• Camping

VOCABULARY

FUNCTIONS & REAL COMMUNICATION

P M

UNIT

•

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Module

B1 Key objectives

1 j

Grammar present perfect v past simple; present perfect with just / already / yet / still Functions talking about past experiences; talking about fixed future events; asking and talking about possessions Vocabulary countries; activities; music; at the airport

Going away

Get started 1 groupwork Find out about your group’s ‘weblife’. Discuss the questions. • Who has a blog? • Who reads blogs? • Who uses social networking sites? blog.co.uk | mydiary • Who plays games online? • Who uses sites like Secondlife? • Who uses an instant messenger service?

26 Listen to Emma answering the 2a  questions on Ben’s blog. Make notes of her answers.

2b Listen again. Number these conversational expressions in the order you first hear them.

L I think L you know L um L You bet!

L right L oh L like L yeah

<< Yesterday

About me

3 pairwork Ask and answer the questions. Use some of the expressions in exercise 2b.

Profile

Getting to know you

P M

L well L OK L true L I did

Blogtalking. Talk to me. Talking, listening, sharing. It’s all here. Me. To you. You. To me. Let’s get the world together.

1 my sister

B5! by Ben 12 December @ 08.00EST

Because I know you need something to take your mind off exams...

Who... 1 Who was the last person you texted? 2 Who was the last person you took a picture of? 3 Who is the person you admire most? What... What’s worrying you right now? What’s your favourite song at the moment? What’s the last film you watched?

7 8 9

Do... Do you prefer to talk or text? Do you read in bed? Do you get up early?

10 11 12

Where... Where is the last new place you visited? Where is your favourite place in the world? Where are you going later?

Did... 13 Did you laugh a lot yesterday? 14 Did you help your family or your friends yesterday? 15 Did you chat with friends online last night? That’s all for today! Post your answers. Ben

me at play

4 5 6

me at school

me and my friends

recent posts babyluv >> mikey >> saffron >> silverchain >> parasol1 >> arnie >> lilsis >> dancemad >> komandante >> sweet16 >> kitten >>

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Unit 1 Gap year

Unit objectives Grammar present perfect; present perfect v past simple; manage to; present simple for fixed future events Functions talking about past experiences; talking about fixed future events; summer camp applications Vocabulary countries; activities

Vocabulary: countries

27 Write the letters in the correct order to 1 make countries. Then listen and check. 1 eth AUS the USA 6 dnaiI 2 aJanp 7 oSthu afcriA 3 nhiaC 8 rziBal 4 luAatrias 9 ceMiox 5 dCnaaa 10 auRsis

Warm up

2 pairwork Look at the photos on page 9. Answer the questions. How many people are there? Where are they? What are their names?

Comprehension

Dialogue 1

1 Where are the friends planning to go? 2 Where does Nathan live? 3 Has Emma ever met Nathan? 4 How old is Emma?

Dialogue 2

• Use the present perfect to talk about a general experience. • Use the past simple to describe details of that experience in the past. Have you ever met Nathan in person? Of course I have! I met him when I was ten.

Present simple for fixed future events • We often use the present simple to talk about travel arrangements, itineraries, etc. We fly to New York next month.

Word expander

(n ot ) m a n a g e to

ve r b

Use manage to to talk about when you succeed in doing a difficult thing. He’s managed to borrow his parents’ car.

P M

28 Listen and read On the road. Answer 3 the questions.

Present perfect v past simple

Talking about past experiences 4 Study the rules and find examples of the tenses in the dialogue.

Present perfect • The present perfect is always connected with ‘now’. Use it to talk about events and experiences in the past that are connected with the present or have a result in the present. I’ve bought a new camcorder. • Use for / since with the present perfect to talk about how long. S o you haven’t seen him for eight years! (a period of time) I’ve loved America since I read The Catcher in the Rye. (a specific moment in the past)

5 What has Ben bought? 6 Why has Nathan sent a text to Emma? 7 Do they call Nathan on Emma’s mobile? 8 Where is Nathan now?

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Look! My brother __________ (take) some amazing photographs. Last year he __________ (go) to Botswana and __________ (take) these pictures of lions and elephants. 2 Harry __________ (know) Laura for six years. He __________ (meet) her at a party in London and they __________ (travel) to Australia together last year. 3 Grace __________ (live) in Naples since 2001. Her family __________ (move) to Italy when she was eight. 4 A __________ you __________ (read) Twilight? B No, I haven’t. I __________ (see) the film, but I __________ (not read) the book. 6 P T pairwork Discuss these questions. 1 What is the best film you’ve seen? 2 What is the most interesting country you’ve visited? 3 What is the most exciting adventure you’ve had? 4 What’s the best book you’ve ever read? A What’s the best film you’ve seen? B The Killing Fields. A When did you see it? B I saw it last year on TV.

( ( ( (

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1 Unit 1

On the road episode 1

S 1

Jodie, Emma and Ben are talking about their gap year trip.

OK, so this is the plan. We fly to New York next month. We meet up with Nathan. Then we hire a car and we drive to San Francisco. All the way across America! ben Who exactly is Nathan? emma He’s the son of friends of my parents. They live in New York. ben So he’s American? emma That’s right. And he’s drop dead gorgeous! jodie He’s an old friend, isn’t he? emma

Kind of. I mean, we’ve sent loads of emails to each other and we chat all the time online. We really get on! jodie Emma, have you ever met Nathan? I mean, in person? emma Of course I have! I met him when I was ten. jodie Ten? You’re kidding! emma It was at Disneyland, in California. We went on all the rides together. jodie So you haven’t seen him for eight years! emma

P M 2

Emma gets some good news. Have you guys ever been to the States? ben No, we haven’t. But I feel like I know it. I mean, I’ve watched hundreds of films. jodie And I’ve loved America since I read The Catcher in the Rye. ben Actually, I’ve bought a new camcorder. I’m going to film our trip and make a road movie. emma Hey, I’ve got a text message from Nathan! Oh wow. He’s managed to borrow his parents’ car! For the whole holiday! jodie That is so cool! ben Is Nathan there now? Can we call him? emma On my mobile to America? No way! Anyway, he’s gone to college now. I can talk to him later online.

emma

Real

talk

Who exactly is...? Kind of. drop dead gorgeous You’re kidding! That is so cool. Anyway... 9

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#what have you done? Do you have a busy life? Never stop? Try our quiz and see. Tick L the things you’ve done.

in the last six months i’ve…... o played a musical instrument. o taken up a weird hobby, such as juggling. o done a lot of drawing and painting. o been to a sporting event or pop concert. o kept a blog or diary. o read more than two books. o done a lot of sport or dancing. o improved my computer skills. o changed my look or had a body piercing or tattoo.

P M

in the last seven days i’ve…... o read a magazine. o spent a lot of time on the computer. o downloaded music. o watched a film. o studied at home for over five hours. o sent over fifteen text messages. o listened to some music. o played a game. o helped my parents at home.

Score

1 point for each tick.

LE 13–18 Phew! What a busy life you lead! Do you ever sit and relax?

7–12 Not bad! Don’t forget to try new things sometimes. 0–6 Oh dear. Wake up! The world’s passing you by!

Word expander

d o a n d ke e p

Learn these expressions with do and keep. do a sport / drawing and painting keep a diary do your homework / a task / a job keep a pet do the shopping / the cleaning keep a secret / quiet

Talking about the recent past 7 Do the quiz above. What is your score? 8 P T pairwork Discuss your answers. Use the past simple to give more details about what you did.

A ( B ( A ( B (

In the last six months have you played a musical instrument? Yes I have. I’ve played the piano. Did you have lessons? Yes, I did. But I didn’t practise very much.

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grammar

1 Revise the rules and write the past participles. • Most past participles have the same form as the past simple. To form the past participle of: ° regular verbs, add -ed to the base form. ° verbs ending in –e, add -d to the base form. ° verbs ending in –y, change -y to -i and add -ed to the base form. NB don’t change –y to –i after a vowel. ° most verbs ending in a consonant after a short vowel, double the consonant (fit – fitted, stop – stopped). • Many irregular past participles are similar to the base form or the same as the past simple form.

1 4 Write questions with the present perfect and ever. Write your own short answers. 1 you / take a music exam? Have you ever taken a music exam? Yes, I have. 2 your father / want to move to another country? 3 your parents / complain about your room? 4 your grandparents / give you a present? 5 you / use an Internet café? 6 you / visit the USA?

Present perfect with for or since 5 Read the examples and complete the rules with a period of time or a specific date. They have known each other for about ten years. • Use for to talk about _______________. They’ve visited six countries since Christmas. • Use since to talk about _______________.

listened

Present perfect

2 Complete the tables with these words. has not | haven’t | have | has | haven’t I/You/We/They have / ’ve

read that book.

He/She/It

been to London.

_________ / ’s

Negative

I/You/We/They have not / 2________ found

it.

He/She/It

that.

_________ / hasn’t done

Questions ________

you

Has

she

met

my brother?

lived

in New York?

Short answers Yes, she has.

No, they 5___________.

• Use the present perfect: ° to talk about experiences. Have you ever been to the USA? Yes, I have. ° to talk about completed actions connected to the present. In the last two months I’ve read lots of books.

3 Complete the sentences with the present perfect form of the verbs in brackets. 1 They _______ back from their holiday. (come) 2 I _______ never _______ a better film! (see) 3 My brother _______ never _______ on a plane. (be) 4 Anne _______ for the test. (not study) 5 My parents _______ the Prime Minister. (meet) 6 She _______ a lot of money this weekend. (spend)

Present perfect v past simple

7 Complete the rules with present perfect or past simple. • Use the 1_____ to talk about events that are connected with the present or have a result in it. I’ve done my homework. Can I go out now? • Use the 2_____ to talk about events started and finished in the past, where the exact time is important. Kevin visited London in 2009. He had a great time. • Use time expressions such as when, ago, last week, etc. with the 3_____ to talk about an exact moment in the past. When did you meet her? I met her two days ago. NOT When have you met her? I have met her two days ago.

6 Complete the sentences with for or since. 1 We haven’t seen Eva ________ last Christmas. 2 Tom has been in the football team ________ six months. 3 My mum and dad have worked at the same factory ________ 15 years. 4 Jack has been a fan of Leona Lewis ________ he saw her on TV last year.

P M

Positive

Unit 1

Past participles

Get the

been and gone 8 Complete the examples with been or gone. • Go has two past participles: been and gone. been means travelled to and returned. gone means left and not returned yet. I’ve 1____ to the supermarket. = I’m back now. She’s 2____ shopping. = She hasn’t come back yet.

Workbook pp 148–153 11

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Real communication Application forms File

home

Words and expressions application form | available | area code | education | experience 1 Read Get into culture and do the task.

Get into culture

summer camps

jobs

summer camps

about us

Do you like working with kids? Are you a good communicator? Have you got lots of energy? Have you got the skills and experience we need? Apply for a summer job in one of these camps. And have the experience of a lifetime!

High Mountains summer camp Learn to survive outside. Kayaking, rock climbing, canoeing, biking, hiking and backpacking. Great staff and directors. Campers have fun and make friends. Superior National Forest, Minnesota

Jarrold theatre arts and sports camp

P M

Read the text and answer the questions. 1 How many camps are there in the USA? 2 How old do you have to be to work in a camp? 3 When can you apply for a job? 4 When do you work in summer camps?

Job opportunities summer camps

Summer camps are a cultural institution in the USA. There are over 10,000 camps for children aged 8 to 16. The camps offer ideal jobs for over-16-year-olds. Students can work with the kids, help the teachers or work as bar and kitchen staff. Many camps arrange visas, flights, insurance, food and accommodation as well as paying a salary. Applications open in November, and you need to be free from mid-June until August.

Vocabulary: activities

Summer camp applications 3a P Read the summer camp job adverts. Which job should these students apply for? 1 Gemma loves animals and learning about nature. 2 Archie is keen on camping and adventure. 3 Millie loves the sea. She is a very good swimmer. 4 Joe is a natural performer. He plays a lot of musical instruments. 3b pairwork Read the adverts again. Choose the camp you would like to work in.

Minong, Wisconsin

Swallow nature camp

Explore nature with forest rangers. Look after animals and do hands-on science projects. Camp activities include riding, swimming, scuba diving, sailing, canoe trips and fun fun fun!

2 Scan the adverts and find words for each heading. • Competitive sports fencing, • Arts and crafts music, • Water sports and activities kayaking, • Outdoor and adventure activities biking,

Warm environment with fun and friendship. Music, theatre, drawing, painting, crafts, and video. Noncompetitive atmosphere. Sports too, with 11 tennis courts, Olympic pool and riding. Fencing, archery, photography, and backpacking trips.

Lake Tahoe, Nevada

Ocean summer camp

Imagine a camp by the sea. Swimming, surfing, sailing, water skiing, sea kayaking, scuba diving. Tennis, baseball, soccer, basketball, gymnastics, volleyball and climbing. Exciting trekking trips. Bull’s Bay, South Carolina

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29 P Caroline and James want to work in a summer camp. They are looking at the application form 4 below. Listen and tick the activities they can do. James metal work making videos computer graphics drawing and painting ceramics woodwork cartoons

L L

Caroline jazz dance circus skills

L ballet L drums

L modern dance L singing

L L

Unit 1

L acting L guitar

L piano & keyboards L other instrument

5a Complete the application form for you. 

mailbox



tunes



myplace

summerjobs



application



Summer Camp World Online application form Fill in your details

S A

First name Surname Address line 1 Address line 2 Telephone (area code required)

Are you available from June 15th to August 18th? Yes

Sex Height Date of birth (MM/DD/YY) Education No

Do you drive? Yes

P M

Tick the activities you have experience of. Arts and crafts

Dance & performing

ballet jazz modern acting circus skills Music

drums guitar piano keyboards singing

Sports

archery baseball basketball cycling riding fencing skating soccer hockey tennis volleyball trampoline athletics roller blading jogging karate fishing

Waterfront activities

canoeing diving kayaking rowing sailing scuba diving swimming water skiing windsurfing

Nature

animals astronomy rocks and minerals trees and plants

Adventure

backpacking mountain biking camping skills hiking rock climbing orienteering

5b role play Work in pairs. • One of you is from Summer Camp World. One of you is an applicant. • Ask and answer questions about activities. Do you like ceramics? Can you do jazz dance? Can you swim? Are you into astronomy? Are you keen on backpacking?

( )

) (

Do you have any leadership skills or special abilities? Write them here:

ceramics metal work woodwork sculpture drawing painting computer graphics making videos

(

submit

LINKS Real communication p4

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Real skills

Gap year t r a v elad v ent u r e

S The

P M

journey of a lifetime

1 You are 18 and you’ve finished school. But what next? 

You can learn new skills in your gap year. You could learn to cook, or learn a language like Chloe. She spent six months in Japan. ‘I really learnt to communicate in that time!’ 5 Gap-year websites help you plan your budget.  The average gap year costs around £3,500. You should plan for the whole year, including travel costs, accommodation, food and entertainment. And don’t forget insurance – even the average backpack contents are worth £450! 6  It’s easy to stay in contact with your friends and family. There are Internet cafés and some students create blogs, updating them with news and photographs. Friends and family can use Google Earth to follow your journey. 7 The experience of a gap year can change your  plans. Tim intended to study politics at university. But after six months as a farm worker in Chile, he decided to study languages instead. 8 In a gap year you become more independent,  improve your communication skills, and learn to organise your time. These are important skills for the workplace, so think carefully before you choose what to do. Your gap year is a time for having fun, but the real world will still be there when you get home!

Well, between 200,000 and 250,000 18–25-year-olds take a gap year. They want to have a break from being a student, earn some money before university, get work experience or just travel. 2 Many students decide to do a round-the-world trip,  often with a group of friends. Adrienne travelled with three friends to Thailand, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand and the USA. ‘It was an amazing experience,’ she says. 3  Many British students do voluntary work. Even royalty! Prince William worked on a community project in southern Chile, and Prince Harry helped build a school in South Africa. Popular projects include identifying turtles in Trinidad and Tobago, helping people in the Brazilian rainforest or, like Tessa, teaching English in the Andes. She loved the experience. ‘I met brilliant people from all over the world.’

4 

‘A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step’ Lao Tzu 14

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Listening

1 Read the article on page 14 and match the headings with the paragraphs. Learning new things Volunteering Costs? 1 Time off Work skills Life changing Travelling Keeping in touch

30 P Listen and circle the correct answers. 5

L L L L L L L L

Skills for

life

reading for information

When you have to give answers about a text, read the questions carefully. Make sure you understand what they mean. Use a dictionary to check any unfamiliar words.

Elle 1 The most important thing that Elle took with her was a mosquito repellent. b a personal stereo. c sunscreen. 2 Elle believes that if you work as a volunteer, you must a have fixed ideas. b be different. c have an open mind. 3 Elle found the work a could be fun. b was too hard. c was a bit boring. 4 Her diet was a unhealthy. b boring. c healthy.

Pronunciation

/e / / /

31 Listen and repeat. 

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2 P Read the article again. Circle T (True) or F (False). Correct the false sentences. 1 Young people take a gap year because they want to have a good time. T / F Young people take a gap year for different reasons. 2 Each year about 2,000 young people do a gap year. T / F 3 Tessa didn’t like teaching English in the Andes. T/F 4 During a gap year you can learn new skills and gain professional qualifications. T / F 5 In his gap year, Tim changed his mind about his university course. T / F 6 The skills you learn during a gap year aren’t very useful for your future job. T / F

Alex 1 Alex did a Gap Year Project in a Austria. b Australia. c Zambia. 2 When Alex arrived he was surprised because a the people were happy. b it was raining. c it was hot. 3 A big problem on the farm was a the long hours. b the heat. c health. 4 The best thing about his gap year was a travelling. b working on a farm. c being a tourist.

Unit 1

Reading

Tim Tessa

Adrienne

Prince Harry

Prince William Chloe 4a pairwork Think of all the reasons why students take a gap year. to learn a new language to get a job

32 Listen and circle the words you hear. 

Listen again and check.

1 here / hair 3 beer / bare 5 we’re / where 2 fear / fair 4 dear / dare 6 cheer / chair

Speaking

3 What did these people do in their gap year?

7a Imagine you are taking a gap year. Make notes. Where are you now? What are you doing? Where have you been? What was your best experience? What was your worst experience? 7b pairwork Interview your partner.

Writing

8 T Write an email to a friend about your gap year. Use your notes from exercise 7a.

4b What would you do in a gap year? Why?

Random Fact

There are at least 1 million foreign students studying in the UK each year.

[7-26] FR2SB Mod1.pix.indd 15

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FOR REAL pre-intermediate

Martyn Hobbs and Julia Starr Keddle with Rob Nicholas

Workbook

Contents Module 1 Unit 1

148

Past participles review; Present perfect review; Present perfect v past simple vocabulary Countries; Activities grammar

154 grammar Present perfect with just / yet / already; still; whose; Possessive pronouns vocabulary Music; At the airport

Unit 2

Module 2 Unit 3

Unit 4

166

Modal verbs: present possibility; Modal verbs: future possibility; Modal verbs: past possibility; Multi-word verbs; Object pronouns vocabulary Feelings; Paintings grammar

Module 3

172 will (predictions and future facts); be going to v present continuous for future; will have (done) / will be doing vocabulary Science fiction; Environmental problems grammar

Unit 6

178 grammar Zero conditional; Conditional + imperative; First conditional; when, as soon as, unless vocabulary Using emails, message boards and chat rooms; Geographical features

Module 4 184 grammar Reported speech (1): reporting statements; Future in the past; Reporting present facts; Indefinite pronouns; each / every / each other; to be / get used to -ing vocabulary Household chores; Crimes and criminals

01 FR PRE_INT WB Module 1 INT.indd 147

Module 5 Unit 9

196 Second conditional; wish + past simple; wish + would; Defining relative clauses vocabulary Professions grammar

Unit 10

202

Third conditional; wish / should have / ought to have; Adverbs of manner (revision) vocabulary Student problems and solutions; Planning a campaign; Multi-word verbs grammar

Module 6 Unit 11

208

Present simple passive; Present continuous passive; Passive modals; Non-defining relative clauses vocabulary Camping grammar

Unit 5

Unit 7

190 Reported speech (2): reported questions; Reporting verbs vocabulary Expressing feelings; Common expressions; Describing people

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160 Past continuous v past simple; said / asked + direct speech; when / while vocabulary Transport and roads grammar

Unit 8

grammar

Unit 12

214 Past simple passive; Present perfect passive; Past continuous passive; Future passive; have something done; Reflexive pronouns vocabulary Extreme sports grammar

Module 7 Unit 13

220

Present perfect continuous; Present perfect continuous v present perfect simple; used to / didn’t used to / would vocabulary Films grammar

Unit 14

226 grammar Past perfect; Past perfect and past simple vocabulary Books

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Module

Unit 1 Gap year

1 j

Grammar reference Past participles review • Form the past participle of regular verbs in the same way as the past simple. The rules for spelling and pronunciation are the same as for the past simple.

Positive full form I/You/We/They

have

seen that film.

He/She/It

has

finished.

I/You/We/They

’ve

seen that film.

He/She/It

’s

finished.

short form

Negative full form I/You/We/They

have not

talked to her.

He/She/It

has not

stopped all day.

I/You/We/They

haven’t

talked to her.

He/She/It

hasn’t

stopped all day.

short form

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Spelling rules • For most verbs add -ed to the base form. talk talked • If the base form ends in -e, add -d. love loved • If the verb ends in a consonant + -y, change -y to -i and add -ed. carry carried • If the verb ends in a vowel + -y, add -ed as usual. stay stayed • If the verb ends in a single consonant preceded by a single stressed vowel, double the final consonant and add -ed. stop stopped • If the verb ends in a single vowel followed by l always double the l, even if the vowel is unstressed. travel travelled

Present perfect review

see /si;/ ( past tense saw /sO;/ past participle seen /si;n/) verb

Have

I/you/we/they

finished?

Has

he/she/it

eaten?

Positive short answers Yes,

I/you/we/they

have.

Yes,

he/she/it

has.

Negative short answers

Pronunciation rules • We pronounce the final -ed /t/ after the sounds /k/, /f/, /p/, /s/, /S/, /tS/. talked laughed stopped passed watched finished • We pronounce the final -ed /Id/ after the sounds /d/ or /t/. started waited decided visited • We pronounce the final -ed /d/ after all other sounds. phoned married stayed • The past participle of irregular verbs has a special form. You must learn these by heart. In some verbs it is the same as the form of the past simple (e.g. make, made, made), in others it is different (e.g. see, saw, seen). A dictionary gives the past participle as the third form of the principal parts of the verb.

Questions

No,

I/you/we/they

haven’t.

No,

he/she/it

hasn’t.

• Form the present perfect with: the present tense of the verb have + the past participle • Form the positive with: subject + have / has (full forms) + past participle subject + ’ve / ’s (short forms) + past participle • Form the negative with: subject + have / has + not (full forms) + past participle subject + haven’t / hasn’t (short forms) + past participle • Form questions in the present perfect with: Have / Has + subject + past participle • Form short answers with: Yes, + subject pronoun + have / has. No, + subject pronoun + haven’t / hasn’t.

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Usage • The present perfect connects past time with present time. Use the present perfect to talk about experiences and events in the past that affect the present. It is not important to know when exactly in the past they happened. Tim is out. He’s gone to see Bob. I haven’t finished yet. Can you wait a minute? • Use the present perfect to talk about all your experiences in life up to the present time. I’ve been to Paris three times. • To ask if something has happened at any time before now use a question with ever and the present perfect. Have you ever been to Spain? – Yes, I have. • To talk about something not yet experienced, use never with the present perfect. They’ve never visited Germany.

• Use the present perfect to talk about an experience in general or all your experiences in life up to the present time, without specifying where and when. • Then use the past simple to give details about the experience specifying where and when it happened. He has been all over the world. He met some friends in America. They went together to New York in 2008. • With a past time expression always use the past simple, not the present perfect. Where / When did you see him? – I saw him at the theatre last night. NOT I’ve seen him at the theatre last night.

Word list The words in grey appear in the unit, but are not in the vocabulary sections.

Countries Australia Austria Botswana Brazil Canada China Finland India Indonesia Italy Japan Mexico New Zealand Portugal Russia South Africa Thailand the USA (America / the States) Zambia

been and gone • The verb go has two past participles: been and gone. • Use have / has been to say that someone has gone to a place and come back. Where did all this food come from? – I’ve been to the shops. • Use have / has gone to say that someone has gone to a place but has not yet come back. Have you seen Kiera? – She’s gone to the gym. She’ll be back soon.

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for and since • To talk about experiences that began in the past and are still continuing in the present, use the present perfect with for or since. I have lived here for five years. NOT I live here for five years. He has been abroad since August. NOT He is abroad since August. • Use: for + period of time They haven’t seen each other for three years. since + the moment the experience began We have known each other since the first year in primary school. • To ask when a continuing state or experience began, use How long + the present perfect. How long have you had this computer? For a year. / Since last July.

Present perfect v past simple

Unit 1

• Note that the short answers are exactly the same as those for the present tense of have (got). Remember, never use short forms in positive short answers.

Activities

acting / theatre archery astronomy athletics backpacking biking / mountain biking camping canoeing ceramics circus skills climbing / rock climbing computer graphics crafts

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Activities 2 Match the words with the pictures. skating riding basketball rock climbing fencing sailing fishing water-skiing

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cycling dance (jazz/modern/ballet) diving drawing fencing fishing gymnastics hiking jogging karate kayaking making videos metal work orienteering painting photography playing the piano / keyboards / drums / guitar playing volleyball / soccer / tennis / hockey / baseball / basketball riding roller blading rowing sailing scuba diving sculpture singing skating surfing swimming trampoline trekking water-skiing windsurfing woodwork

Countries 1 Complete the names of the countries. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A ustralia B C I I J M N P S

, A ustria l a, C a, I y n o wZ l hA

a a

d a

Vocabulary

3 Write the letters in the correct order to make activities.

1 Have you tried cainnoeg? It’s a very exciting water sport. canoeing 2 I’ve been pigmanc lots of times – I just take my tent and find a nice place to sleep. 3 My hobby is ghrotohappy and I’ve taken thousands of pictures. 4 I’ve never tried frusing but I think I would like to ride the waves on the sea! 5 It’s great fun jumping up and down on a polenatrim. 6 Mark loves nagtic and wants to work in the theatre when he’s older.

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4 Write the words in the correct order to complete the questions.

Past participles review

In the last seven days, ... 1 anywhere / have / been / you / exciting?

1 Write the past participles of these verbs. 1 2 3 4 5 6

listen play hope travel hurry do

listened

7 8 9 10 11 12

send buy go take keep read

2 Complete the sentences with the correct past participle of these verbs. see visit eat break find meet write drive three of my CDs in Dad’s car! I’ve found I’ve a Ferrari. My sister’s snake, and she said it was good. I’ve never London. I’ve never a lunar eclipse, but I will one day. 6 I’ve never a novel, but I’d like to one day. 7 I’ve never any famous film stars. 8 Everyone in my family has an arm or a leg except for me.

Present perfect review

3 Complete the email with the present perfect of the verbs in brackets.

Hi, Stacey

How are things with you? I’m sorry I 1

Love, Kyle

from / Internet? / have / downloaded / you / music / the diary? / have / a / written / in / you / anything good / you / a / read / have / book? of / had / have / friends / your / party? / a / any any / bought / clothes? / have / you / new

5 Now answer the questions for you. 1

Yes, I have. I’ve been to the circus. / No, I haven’t been anywhere exciting.

6 Complete the sentences with been or gone. 1 Where has Clare ? And when will she be back? 2 Jack’s out, actually. Do you want to leave him a message? 3 I’ve out twice already today, and I’m not going out again. 4 Do you know where everyone’s ? There’s nobody here. 5 They’ve just left. They’ve to the post office. 6 Wow! Where have you ? You look really well.

Present perfect v past simple

7 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Tom You 1 ’ve had. (have) an interesting life, Nick. 2 Nick Well, I suppose I (do) a lot of different things in my life. Tom How many countries 3 you (visit)? Nick Oh, I don’t know exactly, but I 4 (visit) all the continents, including Antarctica. I5 (travel) there with a group of scientists a few years ago, and we 6 (spend) three months there. Tom And I understand you 7 (have) a number of different jobs over the years? Nick Yes, I 8 (work) in a lot of places and I 9 (do) some strange things. I 10 (drive) a London bus, I 11 (be) down a gold mine in South Africa, I 12 (perform) in a circus … Tom A circus? What 13 you __________ (do)? Nick I 14 (be) a lion tamer’s assistant! I 15 (teach) English in Russia and ten years ago I 16 (have) my own travel 17 agency. And last year I (write) my first novel.

(not write) to you before – I 2 (be) so 3 busy. Actually, I (try) to phone you, but you’re never home. Anyway, I 4 (find) a job for the summer at last! I’m going to work in Gap. I5 (not work) in a clothes shop before, so it should be fun. I hear you 6 (start) work, too – strange to think of you as a waitress! You 7 (not do) it before, have you? So we’ve both got new experiences for this summer. Oh, I 8 (buy) a new car! Well, not exactly new – it’s my brother’s old one. It goes OK. Well, it 9 (not break) down yet! See you soon,

2 3 4 5 6

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1 2 3 4 5

Have you been anywhere exciting?

1 Unit 1

Grammar

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Skills: Reading – Towards PET (Part 4) 1 Read the text and choose the best title. a b c d

Walking trips in North America Protecting yourself from bears Bears: the great killers Baby bears

2 Read the text again and choose the best answer. Meeting a baby bear is A great fun. B what most walkers want. C almost impossible. D very dangerous. Bears A panic easily. B don’t want to kill us. C always run away. D always look for trouble. Bears come near humans because of A strong smells. B too much make-up. C tents. D the noise they make. When a bear comes near, you should A throw a ball at it. B run away slowly. C shout and run towards it. D look as big as you can.

What should you never do if you see a bear? A curl yourself up into a ball B turn around and run C take off your shirt D back away slowly

1 2 3 4

Unfortunately, you can’t always make noise or stop smells from getting out. So what do you do when you are face to face with a large brown bear? First, take off your jacket or shirt and hold it out above your head. This makes you seem much bigger than you are. Never turn around and run, just back away very slowly, and the bear will usually leave. If the worst happens and you are unlucky enough to meet a large, angry grizzly bear that wants to attack you, curl yourself up into a ball to protect your head and chest.

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Meeting a baby bear sounds like fun, but that’s the last thing you want on a summer walk in the northwestern part of North America. Because when you see a baby, it means that its mother is not far away, and a mother bear will do anything to protect her young ones. Bears are not man-eaters. They prefer to hunt for fish or berries. So the first thing to remember if you meet a bear in the wild is that it doesn’t really want trouble. The problem is that most of us panic, and our first instinct – to run away – is the wrong one. There are things that you can do to make sure bears don’t come your way. The first is to stay in groups and make noise. Bears don’t like surprises, so talk loudly or sing. Secondly, bears are attracted to food, and smells of all kinds, including make-up. You need to keep everything with a strong smell inside a tightly-sealed bag. And don’t keep the bag in your tent at night or you could have an unwelcome caller. Try putting your food bag up a tree. Bears can climb, but at least they won’t attack your tent.

Writing

3 Write a description of a dangerous experience you have had. It can be real or imaginary. (120–150 words)

➤ Tips • You can use information and vocabulary from the text to write about an encounter with a bear. • Add interesting detail to make your story personal. How did you feel when you saw the bear, and how did you feel after? • What advice can you give to other walkers?

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1 Unit 1

Study skills Being a good learner 1 Read and complete the article with these words. difficult motivates things time should achievements creativity stressed

2 Look at the five points and for each point make a note of another personal strategy you could use.

C d raw pictures of descriptions I read in English stories R write a diary of my feelings after each lesson E tidy my computer files and folders A ask the teacher to explain the saxon genitive again! M write a list of things I achieve in English

. M . A . E . C.R

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C r e a t i v e R e f l e c t i v e E f f e c t i v e A c t i v e M o t i v a t e d C Be creative Maybe this surprises you, but using imagination and 1 when you study helps you to be a good learner. Look for interesting connections you are learning. Use between the 2 humour, be curious and experiment with your normal routine activities. R Be reflective It’s important to think about your learning. Think you. Think about things about what 3 that were successful or not so successful in your last project. Keep a diary of your learning and write about what was easy and what was 4 .

E Be effective You need to be organised and manage your 5 . You can’t work when you are tired and you need a place to work or 6 that suits your personal study style.

Being a good learner involves lots of different things. But there are some key ways to improve your performance.

A Be active It’s important to take responsibility for your studies. You don’t have to wait for the teacher to tell you – you can look for new ways to learn. also always ask your teacher You 7 if you need more help or explanations.

M Be motivated Motivation is very important. Think about why you are learning English and why it is important for your future. Celebrate your successes – even little ones! Make a note of your 8 to encourage you. Find support from friends or Internet pals.

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pre-intermediate

LINKS

Martyn Hobbs and Julia Starr Keddle

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with Katherine Stannett

FOR REAL pre-interm LINKS ITA-INT 2011.indd 1

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Contents

Real communication & Exam listening Module 1

4-5

Module 2

6-7

Module 3

8-9

Module 4

10-11

Module 5

12-13

Module 6

14-15

Module 7

16-17

Module 1 About the USA

18-21

Module 2 Cultural diversity in the USA (1)

22-23

Module 3 Cultural diversity in the USA (2)

24-25

Module 4 Europe

26-29

Module 5 About Australia

30-33

Module 6 Language and literature (1)

34-35

Module 7 Language and literature (2)

36-37

Stories

38-45

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Interculture

CLIL 46-47

Module 2 Art: modern art movements

48-49

Module 3 The environment: wind farms

50-51

Module 4 Maths: probability

52-53

Module 5 Business: viral marketing

54-55

Module 6 Physics: space junk

56-57

Module 7 Literature: World War 1 poetry

58-59

Roleplays

SONGS

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Module 1 Music: history of jazz

61-64

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Module 1 Real communication File Unit 1 Instructions Fill in Complete Circle Choose Write here: Please list

Application Forms

Words and expressions application form available

area code education experience

Dialogue

1 Complete the dialogue with these words. employer | complete | experience | choose | referees | available | filled in | education Can you check this job application form for me, please? I don’t want to make any silly mistakes. KEISHA Sure. Let’s see. First, you need to 1 __________________ the position you’re interested in. JESS Oh, yes, of course. KEISHA Now, you’ve put your phone number here, but you haven’t 2 __________________ the area code. Isn’t it 01625? I don’t think you’ve finished the 3 __________________ section here either. You need to put all the different exams you did in your last year at school. JESS What, all of them? OK. KEISHA Oh, this bit here. You’re not supposed to write anything. JESS What? Oh, I see now. It’s for the 4 __________________ not the applicant. Right. KEISHA In the part about 5 __________________ , are you sure you’ve put every part-time job you’ve done in the past? What about the baby-sitting? JESS Oh, yes, I didn’t think about that. KEISHA You’ve been to the USA before, haven’t you? JESS Yeah, I went about five years ago with Mum. KEISHA So you need to 6 __________________ this section about ‘previous visits to the USA’. JESS Right. And what about this bit, ‘Please list two 7 __________________’ . Who shall I put? KEISHA Well, put your boss at Fashion Plus, and Mr Harris from school. Oh, and don’t forget to tell them when you’ll be 8 __________________ for an interview.

File Unit 2

travelling by plane

At check-in Ticket and passport, please. Is this your own baggage? Did you pack the contents yourself? Have you been given anything to carry? How many pieces of luggage have you got? Does your baggage contain any electrical or electronic items, or sharp objects? Have you got any hand luggage? It’s too big. I’m sorry, you will have to check it in. Would you like an aisle or a window seat?

2 Listen and check. 2

JESS

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Real talk

Mum says you can come on holiday to Cyprus with us. STACEY 1___________________ ! ANNIE No, I’m not. Joe’s coming too. STACEY 2____________________ Joe? ANNIE He goes to school with my brother. He’s 3 _____________________ ! STACEY Fantastic. 4____________________ . Thanks so much. ANNIE

LE 3 Listen and check. 4

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Dialogue

Exam Listening - Towards PET (Part 3)

5 Listen to the conversation and complete the 7 notes.

Good morning. Can I see your 1 ____________________, please? PASSENGER Hi. Here you are. CLERK How many 2 ____________________ have you got? PASSENGER Just this suitcase. CLERK Have you got 3 ____________________ ? PASSENGER Yes, I’ve got this bag. CLERK Hmm. It’s too big. I’m sorry, you’ll have to 4 ______________________ . PASSENGER Oh… I’ll need to take some things out, then. CLERK Now I need to ask you some security questions. Did you 5 ____________________ yourself? PASSENGER Yes, I always pack my own bags. CLERK Are you 6 ____________________ in your suitcase? PASSENGER I’ve got a personal CD player. CLERK That’s OK. Are you carrying anything sharp, such as knives or scissors? PASSENGER No, nothing. CLERK Could anyone have 7____________________ your luggage? PASSENGER No, I don’t think so. CLERK OK, Ms Connor. Would you like 8 ______________________ seat? PASSENGER I’d like a seat near a window, please. CLERK Right. Here you are. Go to Gate 15. You’re boarding in 45 minutes. Enjoy the flight!

Interview notes Date:________________________ Time:_____________________

CLERK

N am e o f a p p lican t:

Mr Michael Jones Address:

R e as on f o r wan tin g t o wo rk h ere:

Our reputation, and 2

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Lewis Street,

S p e cia l s kil l s : 3

Has got

Has done a

skills.

Is an excellent

course.

4 Listen and check. 6

Ot h e r s p o rt s h e / s h e can do:

football, tennis, karate,

and

A rt s k i l l s :

Has won

painting, and enjoys

for

classes.

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Module 1 Interculture 1 pairwork What do you know about the USA? Answer these questions. 1 How many states are there? 2 Which two states are not joined to the landmass? 3 What are the two main political parties? 4 What industries does the USA have? 5 What is its population? 6 What are the main oceans around the USA?

2 Study the map and read the information on the right. Check your answers to the questions in exercise 1.

USA

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3 Read the information on the right again and decide if the sentences are T (True) or F (False). 1 If it’s 6 a.m. in Alaska, it’s 8 a.m. in Maine. T / F 2 There is a wide variety of different geographical features in the USA. T / F 3 Hawaii is the 50th state. T / F 4 There are many different political parties in the USA. T / F 5 The USA manufactures a lot, but it doesn’t have its own resources. T / F 6 The population of the USA in 1920 was 390 million. T / F 7 Many people in the USA are descended from Europeans. T / F 8 Native Americans and Inuit are the oldest inhabitants of the USA. T / F

The

Project Find out some more information about the USA. Choose a topic, for example The Government, and do research on the Internet. Do a project and illustrate it with photos, diagrams and charts.

Glossary plains droughts coal wheat slaves

floods landmass corn iron

4 Look at the map and complete the alphabetical list of states.

Geography and landscape The USA is a huge country and is the world’s third largest nation (total area). There is a time difference of six hours between Alaska and Maine! The USA has a varied landscape including temperate forests in the east, huge flat plains in the centre, deserts in the south-west, the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains, the Great Lakes, temperate rainforests in the Pacific Northwest, mangrove forests in Florida, Arctic regions in Alaska, and the volcanic islands of Hawaii. The weather is varied – in the north there are very cold winters and in the south-east it is sub-tropical. Sometimes there is extreme weather in the USA with floods, hurricanes, droughts and earthquakes.

States and government The USA has 50 states – 48 form the landmass between Canada and Mexico. Alaska is the 49th state, and Hawaii was the last state to form part of the USA. The USA has a federal government that runs the whole country, and a president. It is a democracy, and people can vote for the president, and parliament (Congress). Almost all politicians are either Democrats or Republicans. Each state has its own government. These governments create their own taxes and laws.

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About the USA

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S Culture All the major cities have classical music, historical, scientific and art centres, and many museums. There is a rich culture of dance, theatre, film and popular music. US culture influences the rest of the world, especially the Western World. Music, movies and TV from the USA are popular everywhere, and US food and lifestyle is also exported all over the world.

Economy The USA has the most important economy in the world. The country has rich mineral resources including gold, oil, coal and uranium. The USA is a top producer of corn, wheat, sugar and tobacco, and its industries produce aluminium, iron, steel, cars, aeroplanes and electronics. But the biggest sector of the economy is that of the service industries.

The 50 states of the USA The people The USA has a population of 308 million, many descended from European immigrants. The population grew from a few million in 1820 to over 100 million by 1920. Large groups of people are descended from immigrants from Germany, England, Scotland, Ireland and Italy, Scandinavian countries and other eastern and southern European countries. People from Mexico and South and Central America are the largest minority group â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 14.8% of the population. About 13% of the population are African-Americans, mostly descended from African slaves brought to America, and 4.4% of the population is Asian-American. Native Americans and Inuit have lived in the country thousands of years, but make up less than 1% of the population.

Alabama A__________ Arizona Arkansas C__________ Colorado Connecticut Delaware F__________ Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois I__________ Iowa Kansas K__________

Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts M__________ Minnesota M__________ Missouri Montana Nebraska N__________ New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico N__________ North Carolina North Dakota

Ohio O__________ Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee T__________ Utah Vermont V__________ Washington West Virginia Wisconsin W__________

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Module 1 Interculture Hi! We’re from Westlands High School, Denver, and this is our class project on holidays in the USA.The calendar of holidays in the USA tells us about the history of our nation. These are some of the holidays that we celebrate.

Holidays in the

USA

Martin Luther King Day third Monday of January In the 1950s and 1960s the Reverend Dr Martin Luther King used non-violent protests to fight against the treatment of blacks as second-class citizens. He made a famous speech in 1963 which started, ‘I have a dream ...’ Soon after, the US Congress prohibited racial discrimination. In 1968 Martin Luther King was assassinated, and since 1986 there has been a holiday on that day.

Memorial Day fourth Monday in May Cities all around the country have their own ceremonies, parades and memorial services to honour the dead. The President of the USA gives a speech and lays a wreath. For many Americans this day marks the beginning of summer, and we go to the beach or to the mountains.

1 Work in pairs. Answer the questions. 1 What are the public holidays in your country? And in your region or city? 2 What are the origins of these days? 3 What happens on these special days? 4 Which do you prefer? 2 Read the project and answer the questions. Which holidays ... 1 celebrate the achievements of an individual? 2 celebrate a particular historical event in the USA? 3 celebrate an exact date? 4 are religious?

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President’s Day third Monday of February George Washington was the first president of the USA. There was a national holiday to celebrate his birthday on 22 February until the 1970s. But then Congress decided to create a single day to celebrate all the presidents of the USA.

3 Read the project again and write the name of the holidays. 1 people watch the behaviour of a small animal _____________ 2 people dress up in scary clothes _____________ 3 there is a big dinner with special food in the autumn _____________ 4 it remembers a historical battle _____________ 5 it commemorates the leaders of the USA _____________ 6 it celebrates a famous activist _____________ 7 there are parades during this late summer event _____________ 8 it commemorates the dead _____________

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About the USA Independence Day the fourth of July This is the birthday of the USA as a free nation. It commemorates the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The 13 British colonies on the eastern coast were at war with Britain. They fought for the freedom of the colonies. We have picnics, patriotic parades, concerts and fireworks on this day. Labor Day first Monday of September In 1894 Congress made Labor Day a holiday to honour all working people. In many places there are Labor union parades. It marks the end of the summer and we often go to the beach for a three-day weekend. And for us students, it marks the beginning of the school year!

Christmas 25th December Most Americans are Christians and we have a holiday for the Christmas period and spend it with our family and friends. We go shopping before Christmas and give each other presents on Christmas Day. We decorate our homes, have a Christmas tree and eat Christmas dinner. Ethnic Holidays There are other significant holidays which aren’t national days. The Chinese communities celebrate Chinese New Year with fireworks and feasts. And since 1966, African Americans have celebrated Kwanzaa, an African harvest festival. Mardi Gras happens in New Orleans with a big parade. And on St Patrick’s Day there is a parade in New York to commemorate the Irish patron saint.

Columbus Day second Monday in October Do you know who Christopher Columbus was? Of course you do! He was the European navigator who landed in the New World in 1492. There is a huge parade in New York to celebrate this holiday.

turkey, cranberry sauce, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie. We give thanks before we begin the meal.

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Halloween 31st October ‘Trick or treat’ say the children as they go from house to house dressed as ghosts and witches. The neighbours have to give them a present or they have a trick played on them. Teenagers and adults have masquerade parties, too. The orange pumpkin, with its scary face, is a symbol of Halloween and comes from a Celtic tradition.

4 Find the ways of celebrating that match these definitions. 1 a special religious event to remember the dead _____________ 2 a meal outside sitting on the ground _____________ 3 a procession of people _____________ 4 beautiful, colourful, noisy explosions in the night sky _____________ 5 a special get-together of friends with food, drink and music _____________ 6 a huge meal with lots of special food _____________ 5 pairwork Which holidays in the USA do you prefer? Why?

State Holidays Each state has its own holidays, too. Our favourite is Groundhog Day. It is celebrated in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. A groundhog, ‘Punxsutawney Phil’, has to come out of his hole. If he sees his shadow in the sun, it is going to be an early spring. If not, it will be a long winter! It was the location of a famous comedy film, Groundhog Day.

Thanksgiving Day fourth Thursday in November What is this important event about? When the Pilgrim Fathers arrived in Massachusetts in 1621 they had a terrible first winter. Then Native Americans taught them how to grow food, and the next harvest was so good that they held a feast. We have a big dinner with our family and friends and serve food from that first feast – roast

Project

Choose one of the following for a project. Do some research on the Internet. Illustrate your project with photos. • a US holiday • a holiday in your country

Glossary the dead trick cranberry sauce pumpkin pie shadow

to mark harvest sweet potatoes hole

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Module

1 CLIL

Music: History of jazz

“Jazz is the big brother of Revolution. Revolution follows it around.” Miles Davis

2 PAIRWORK Which instruments are traditionally used in a jazz band? a violin d drums g recorder b flute e clarinet h trombone c saxophone f trumpet i double bass

Reading

3 Read the article and write the musical styles for these artists. 1 Jelly Roll Morton __________ 2 Charlie Parker __________ 3 Louis Armstrong __________

It was dangerous and it was rebellious. It was called ‘The Devil’s Music’. It started in the fields of southern USA as the music of the slaves, but now we see it as a symbol of democracy and freedom. When we look at the history of blues and jazz music, we can follow the history of black America, from slavery to celebrity.

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4 Read the article again and circle T (True) or F (False). 1 Slaves often sang while they worked. T / F 2 Blues music was never popular in the towns. T/F 3 People from many different countries lived in New Orleans in the 1900s. T / F 4 Jazz and blues music started in the northern states of the USA. T / F 5 ‘Chicago’-style jazz started in the 1950s. T / F 6 If you use improvisation, it means that you play exactly the same tune every time. T / F

Jazz and Blues

5 Match the words with the definitions. 1 2 3 4 5 6

slave harmony immigrant folk music syncopation bass line

a traditional music from one country or one group of people b a rhythm with the emphasis on the weak beat c someone who belongs to another person and has to work for them d the lowest instrumental part in a piece of music e a combination of musical notes played at the same time f a person who comes from one country into another country to live

Vocabulary

Work songs and Spirituals In 19th century southern USA, most African Americans worked as slaves in the fields. Their lives were very hard and they sang work songs and spirituals – religious songs – to show their feelings of sadness and their hopes for freedom. These songs were the beginnings of blues music and the word ‘blues’ means a feeling of sadness. Sometimes slaves used these songs to give secret messages to each other. For example, the spiritual, The Gospel Train’s A-comin’, is about a group of slaves who are getting ready to escape from slavery.

The Beginnings of Jazz When slavery ended in 1865, many African Americans moved into the towns. They brought blues music with them and it became popular throughout Southern America. The most exciting city in the southern USA at this time was probably New Orleans. It was full of people and their music from all over the world. As well as blues music, there were marching bands which played brass instruments like trumpets, cornets and tubas and there was folk music from Europe. At the same time, two black musicians - Scott Joplin and Jelly Roll Morton – developed a form of piano music called ‘Ragtime’. This used syncopation with a strong bass line. Gradually a new type of music grew from these different musical styles – jazz music. It was the music of the people, the music of the immigrants, the slaves and the rebels.

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Listening 6

Chorus:

Get on board little children Get on board little children Get on board little children There’s room for many more I hear the train a’comin’ She’s comin’ round the curve She’s loosened all her steam and brakes And strainin’ ev’ry nerve

The fare is cheap and all can go The rich and poor are there No second class aboard this train No difference in the fare

34 Listen to the interview. How 

did Louis Armstrong develop the ‘scat’ style of singing?

1 Module

The Gospel Train’s a’comin’ I hear it just at hand I hear the car wheels rumblin’ And rollin’ thro’ the land

7 Listen again and complete the timeline for Louis Armstrong. 1901 born 19__ sang in the streets of New Orleans 1915 _____________________ playing cornet for a dance hall. 19__ moved to Chicago 1924 got a job ________________ . 19__ made his first recording.

Speaking 8 Ask and answer. Check your answers to exercise 7. A W hen did he sing in the streets of New Orleans? B I think it was 1912. What did he do in 1915? A He …

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( ) (

Writing

Project Research another great jazz musician. You can choose one of these musicians, or you can use your own ideas.

Jazz and the Great Depression Jazz and blues music spread from the southern states to the northern and it became the music for the young generation of the 1920s. By now, jazz music was popular with white and black audiences. During the Great Depression of the 1930s and then the second world war, people danced to jazz bands as a way of escaping from their difficult lives at home. Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington formed jazz orchestras and played ‘Chicago style’ jazz. But although they were famous musicians, they still experienced racial segregation – where black and white people went to different schools, had different seats on the bus and even used different entrances to get into concert halls.

9 Write a paragraph about Louis Armstrong’s early life.

Cool Jazz By the 1950s, there were many different styles of jazz music. Artists like Charlie Parker, Miles Davis and Ella Fitzgerald used a lot of improvisation. Each time they played a tune, they created a new way to play it and they used a lot of extra notes. This style of jazz was called ‘cool jazz’. Other jazz styles in the 1950s and 1960s included ‘be-bop’, ‘hard bop’ and ‘free jazz’.

Jazz hasn’t stopped developing, changing and growing. It has been a huge influence in much of the popular music of today, especially R&B, soul music and hip hop. The ‘devil’s music’ is still alive!

‘Jazz isn’t dead. It just smells funny.’

Charlie Parker Wynton Marsalis Charles Mingus Thelonious Monk

a Make notes about • The musician’s childhood • When did he/she first learn to play an instrument? • What kind of jazz music did he/she play? • What songs did he/she write? b Write a short article about your musician.

Frank Zappa 47

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