SASTA 2018 Abstracts and Exhibitor Directory by Hein Jonker

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RA C E T X DI H S A RE IB N C ITO D TO R RY

SASTA COUNCIL 2017 – 2018

President: Gavin Smith

(Process Specialist, Sugar and Milling Division, RCL Foods) Council portfolios: Chair of Council, Finance SubCommittee, Factory Industry Liaison, Special Projects Fund

Keith McFarlane

Vice-President: Carolyn Baker

(Director, SASRI) Council portfolios: Vice-Chair of Council, Finance Sub-Committee, Agriculture Industry Liaison, Special Projects Fund, SACNASP liaison, ISSCT liaison

Paul Schorn

(Crossing Officer, SASRI) Council Portfolios: Workshops and Field Trips, Agriculture Industry Liaison

(Refinery Operations Executive, THS) Council portfolios: Factory Industry Liaison, Congress Organising Committee – Head of Exhibition and Sponsorship portfolio

Annegret Stark

Gonaseelan Naidoo

(Discipline of Chemical Engineering, UKZN) Council portfolios: Academic Liaison

(General Manager: Cane Testing Service, SASA) Council portfolios: FCAC liaison, Factory Industry Liaison, Lab Manual

COC Chair: Sumita Ramgareeb (Resource Manager: Breeding and Field Services Resource Unit, SASRI). Council portfolios: Congress Organising Committee Chair, Finance SubCommittee

Natasha Sharma

(General Manager, Darnall Sugar Mill, THS) Council portfolios: Congress Organising Committee - Scientific portfolio, Factory editor–in-chief

Poovie Govender

(Knowledge Products Specialist, SASRI) Council portfolios: Website Manager

Deborah Sweby

(Molecular Biologist, SASRI) Council portfolios: Congress Organising Committee – Head of Scientific portfolio, Agriculture Editor-inchief, Publicity

Muhammad Kadwa

(Industrial Affairs Manager, SA Canegrowers) Council portfolios: Workshops, Congress Organising Committee Scientific portfolio (editorial team and programme)

Shaun Madho

(Group Leader of Adaptive Research, SMRI). Council portfolios: Factory Industry Liaison, Publicity, Lab Manual

Warren Lawlor

(Senior Manager: Projects, Sugar and Milling Division, RCL Foods) Council Portfolios: Finance SubCommittee, Factory Industry Liaison, Special Projects Fund, Congress Organising Committee Exhibition and Sponsorship portfolio, Head of Finance portfolio and Golf Day sub-committee

Brendon Small

(Manager: Cane Supply and Grower Support – Pongola Sugar, RCL Foods) Council portfolios: Workshops and Field Trips

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

CONGRESS ORGANISING COMMITTEE 2018

Dr Sumita Ramgareeb

Dr Deborah Sweby

Mr Gavin Smith

Mrs Danile Macdonald

Dr Muhammad Kadwa

Mr Warren Lawlor

Mr Paul Schorn

Mrs Natasha Sharma

Mrs Gill Slaughter

Mrs Catherine Taylor

Mrs Liezl Erasmus

Turners Conferences

CONGRESS EDITORIAL PANEL 2018

Dr Deborah Sweby (Editor: Agriculture)

Mrs Natasha Sharma (Editor: Factory)

Dr Muhammad Kadwa (Reviewer: Agriculture)

Mrs Dorothy Carslow (Editor: Technical)

Mrs Danile Macdonald

(Administrative)

CONGRESS REFEREES AND REVIEWERS 2018 Allison, Jeremy Barker, Bryan Bhuiyan, Shamsul Bindoff, Allan Bonnet, Graham Chivenge, Pauline Davis, Steve du Preez, Chris Edme, Serge Essop, Reza Ferracini, Vera Foxon, Katherine Frances, Gary Gielink, Andrew Gorgens, Johann

Hughes, Jeff Hurly, Kathy Inman-Bamber, Geoff Jackson, Phil Jensen, Craig Jensen, Paul Kader, Mustakheem Kennedy, Anthony Kimbeng, Collins Kruger, Charles Labuschagne, Maryke Lawlor, Warren Loubser, Richard Love, David Magarey, Rob

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

Materechera, Simeon Mitchell, Felicity Mncube, Fred Mpofu, Leo Muchaonyerwa, Pardon Mulder, Marc Nadasen, Tony Naidoo, Seelan Naidoo, Sinthi Nixon, David Nothard, Brendon Peacock, Stephen Powell, Kevin Raghunandan, Ashveer Reinders, Felix

Schorn, Paul Sharma, Natasha Smith, Gavin Stark, Anne Stolz, Nico Talanda, Rainer Taylor, Terri Thomson, Dave Thorburn, Peter Tweddle, Peter Van Heerden, Riekert Walford, Stephen

Sonkor Engineering in association with Qadbros Engineering & Fives bring to the sugar industry an array of world recognised equipment and spares. Together with our technology partners, we are able to offer sugar factories within the African continent, full turnkey solutions from the design to final manufacture, supply and commissioning of preparation, milling and processing equipment. The service, commitment and strength of Sonkor is to fully assist and proactively help its clients, maximize the performance of their equipment during operation. In addition, we pride ourselves in offering on time deliveries of high quality, cost effective equipment and spares to our customers.

Brief range of supply: • • • • • • • • • • •

Feeding tables Levellers and Kickers Cane Carriers Cane Knife Assemblies (Fixed & Swing-back type) Cane Shredders (Vertical & Horizontally fed) Cane Mills (3-Roll, 4-Roll & 6-Roll mills, crushing capacity 10 tph – 1000 tph) Intermediate Cane Carriers & Feed chutes Slow speed Gearing for Cane mills Evaporators Vacuum Pans Crystallizers

• • • • • • • • • • •

Continuous and Batch Centrifugals Multi-misalignment Couplings Conventional Tailbars & Couplings Massecuite Pumps New & re-shelled mill rollers (standard & perforated type) Pinions Trashplates & Scrapers Headstocks Dumbturners Bearing housings & Liners All types of Ferrous & Non-Ferrous casting requirements

www.sonkor.co.za KZN OFFICE (SUGAR SECTOR)

JHB FACTORY (SPEC-CAST GROUP)

BBC27 The circle, Doughlas Crowe Ave, Ballito, South Africa Tel: +27 (0) 32 946 5904 Kerrie Slater: +27 (0) 82 853 8170 Malcolm Pakiri: +27 (0) 66 307 2385 Email: kerrie@sonkor.co.za Email: malcolmpakiri@sonkor.co.za

11 Elgin Road, Pomona, Kempton Park, South Africa Tel: +27 (0) 396 1713 Email: info@sonkor.co.za www.spec-cast.co.za

A member of the Spec-Cast Group of companies

In association with

CONTENTS SASTA Council 2017-2018

SASTA Congress Organising Committee 2018

Editorial Panel 2018

SASTA Awards 1962-2017

Congress 2018 Abstracts and Speaker Biographies

Exhibition Floorplan and Exhibitor Key

Exhibitor Directory

SASTA Officers 1926-2018

Opening Session Guest Presentation/Keynote Address The Business of Disruption â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the ripple effect of game changing technologies Plenary Session Review of South African sugarcane production in the 2017/18 season: Are we out of the woods? Ninety-third annual review of the milling season in southern Africa (2017/18) The collaborative effort between Government and the Private Sector to reduce heavy vehicle overloading in the South African sugar industry: 2006 to 2017 Sugarcane productivity and water use in South Africa under a future climate: What can we expect? Joint Session: Dextransformation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the Whole Picture

Chair: Gavin Smith

Agriculture Session 1: Pests and Diseases

Chair: Des Conlong

Optimising crop refuge areas in transgenic sugarcane fields Understanding the recent invasion of Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) into sugarcane from a thermal perspective Progress in reducing disease incidence in the South African sugarcane industry A new method for assessing sugarcane variety tolerance to nematodes Impacts of sampling effort on estimating abundance of the aphid Sipha flava (Forbes) in sugarcane in Mazabuka, Zambia Agriculture Session 2: Sustainable Soil Management Determination of residual atrazine in soil and drain waters using GC-TOF-MS Soil salinity management: Questionnaire results on farmer perceptions, knowledge levels and practices Assessment of trends in run-off and sediment yield from catchments under sugarcane production and management practices Agriculture Session 3: Agricultural Engineering & Irrigation Estimating traffic induced sugarcane losses for various infield cane extraction systems Evaluation of different methods for improving water application and water use efficiency in sugarcane fields Software for evaluating sugarcane irrigation strategies during drought

Human Dirk J and Potgieter L

Javal Marion, Thomas S, Barton MG, Gillespie D, Conlong DE and Terblanche JS

McFarlane Sharon A, Zhou MM and Rutherford RS

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

Bronwyn Williams, Trend Translator and Future Finance Specialist, Flux Trends Chair: Carolyn Baker Singels Abraham, McFarlane SA, Nicholson RJ, Conlong DE, Sithole P and Titshall LW Madho Shaun, Essop R, Visram K, Davis SB and Bhyrodeyal L

17 18

Mashile Glantine K, Kadwa M, Lyne PWL and Giles RC

Singels Abraham, Jones MR and Lumsden TG

Chair: Adey Wynne

Ramouthar Prabashnie V, McFarlane SA and Rutherford RS Thomas Saskia, Conlong DE, Barton MG, McElligott DM, Maher G and Terblanche JS Chair: Rianto van Antwerpen

24 25

Muzira Elias W and Mutatu W

Jumman Ashiel, van Heerden PS, van Antwerpen R, van Rensburg LD and Adendorff M

Otim Daniel, Smithers J, Senzanje A and van Antwerpen R

Chair: Neil Lecler Tweddle Peter B and Lyne PWL

Noori Mansour, Bahrami R, Nikfar D and Kahyesh I

Singels A, Paraskevopoulos Aresti L and Mashabela ML

Agriculture Session 4: Economics Youth in agriculture: Securing the future of sugarcane farming in South Africa Back to basics: A decision support tool to improve sugarcane grower sustainability Typical farm models: A methodology to benchmark sugarcane farms locally and internationally Quantifying the benefit of early season chemical ripening at a mill-scale - Case study of commercial sugarcane fields in the Umzimkulu supply area Agriculture Session 5: Crop Nutrition and Soil Characterisation Potassium dynamics in the soil-plant system and implications for fertiliser recommendations Copper, iron, manganese and zinc in soil and leaf samples from southern and eastern African sugarcane-producing regions The magnesium status of soils supporting sugarcane production in central and southern Africa Using electromagnetic induction data to estimate abrupt changes in soil clay content with depth Leaf nitrogen analysis and interpretation: A preliminary investigation into improving the reliability of critical concentrations through the inclusion of crop biomass Agriculture Session 6: Breeding Location and crop-year effects on parent selection for Eldana saccharina resistance Evaluating breeding values of genotypes in sugarcane breeding using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) Phenotypic correlations among cane quality traits measured from unselected sugarcane breeding family plots Effect of fibre content and self-trashing traits on Eldana saccharina Walker stalk borer damage in sugarcane and implications for resistance breeding Location and seasonal effects on genotype smut (Sporisorium scitamineum) infection levels among irrigated sugarcane breeding trials in South Africa Sugarcane in vitro germplasm conservation Post-release variety testing: A key activity to ensure commercial value of genetic improvements Agriculture Session 7: Agronomy Modelling sugarcane yields and reduced growth phenomenon under high input conditions in tropical Brazil Genotype by region interactions of released sugarcane varieties in the South African sugar industry Usefulness of soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) as an indicator of cane yield in plant breeding plots

Chair: Kathy Hurly Dube Sinothando and Nicholson RJ

Gillham William, Kadwa M, Small B and Koekemoer EB

Nicholson Richard J, van der Westhuizen D and Gouse M

Kadwa M and Small Brendon

Chair: Neil Miles Elephant Dimpho E, Miles N and Muchaonyerwa P

Titshall Louis W, Miles N and Mthumkhulu SS

Mthimkhulu Sandile S, Miles N, Bainbridge SH, Manson AD and Titshall LW van Antwerpen Rianto, Barnard JH and van Rensburg LD Poswa Lwazi Z and Miles N

38 39 40

Chair: Sanesh Ramburan Lichakane Moipei and Zhou MM

Mbuma Ntombokulunga W, Zhou MM and van der Merwe R

Mishasha Tondani, Zhou MM and van der Merwe R

Nxumalo Phumla D and Zhou MM

Zhou Marvellous M

Banasiak Marzena and Snyman SJ

Ramburan Sanesh

Chair: Kerry Redshaw Dias Henrique B, Inman-Bamber G, Bermejo R and Sentelhas, P C

Duma Sbongeleni W, Ramburan S and Hussein S

Thompson Ingrid B, van Antwerpen R, Zhou MM, Mchunu LN, Mchunu M, Kubheka P, Jalisa M, Makhaye A and Collings K

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

Factory Session 1: Diffusion Pressure head as a measure of juice holdup in a cane diffuser bed - Evaluation on a plant scale The development of a double headshaft, moving chain diffuser: design, installation and performance Simulation of multi-stage diffusers: Connections among stages that favours the system’s optimality Factory Session 2: Rawhouse The long and short of CVP tubes C-seed purity optimisation: An instrumentation solution to a process problem Evaporators for large first and second effects Factory Session 3: Bio-refining S-BEAT: A preliminary cost estimation method for the sugarcane biorefinery Development of reactive extractants for the isolation of carboxylic acids Factory Session 4: Posters Degree of freedom analysis for steam balance monitoring calculations Training sugar leaders: keeping the SMRI ten-week course relevant A view into the boiling behaviour of massecuite in a pan tube The SMRI Factory NIRS technology: Development, validation and application Factory Session 5: Boilers and Energy Application of machine learning algorithms in boiler plant root cause analysis: A case study on an industrial scale biomass unit co-firing sugarcane bagasse and furfural residue at excessive final steam temperatures Upgrading the utility plant module for the generic sugar mill model Industry 4.0, Artificial intelligence and its application in a bagasse-fired power plant Factory Session 6: Refining and Laboratory

Chair: Rainer Talanda Angel Diana, Love DJ, Jensen PS and Seleghim P

Jensen Paul S and Smith L

Barbosa Larissa NSB, Seleghim P and Santiago PA

Chair: David Love Moor Bruce StC, Raghunandhan A and Ramaru R

Maistry Natanya M and Naidoo S

Ramaru Rendani, du Plessis N, Moor B StC and Rosettenstein S Chair: Nico Stolz Naidoo Prelene, Lokhat D and Stark A Marondedze Edward T, Martincigh BS, Azim MM and Stark A Chair: Shaun Madho

57 58

Foxon Kitty M and Masondo LL

Govender Indiran and Madho S

Naidu Nirvana and Loubser RC

Walford Stephen N

Chair: Warren Lawlor Laubscher R, Engelbrecht Q and Marais C Francois P

Foxon Kitty M and Starzak M

Du Toit Philip and Laubscher R

Chair: Steve Davis

Dextran – A refiner’s perspective After four decades: A new look at ion-exchange resin at the Tongaat Hulett Refinery New technique for effluent treatment in sulphitation sugar factories NIRS as a tool for improved process monitoring

Moodley Mano and Khomo Nonhlanhla Moodley Mano, Maharaj Cebisile, Khomo N, Rajoo N, Hardwick J and Hardwick E

Mohan N and Bajpai A

Gounden T and Walthew D

Factory Session 7: Commercial Assessment of dust explosions in the sugar industry with regard to screening technology Industrie 4.0: Integrated solutions for modern sugar packaging technologies Energy efficiency through co-generation and electric drives in the sugar and ethanol industry New range of Broadbent batch centrifuges

Chair: Dennis Walthew

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

Hendrich Stephan

Komitsch Jonas

Figueiredo JP and Godoy Edgard

Rhodes J, Taylor Mark and Grimwood C

SASTA AWARDS 1962 - 2017 SASTA GOLD MEDALISTS 1968

AE RABE

2002

K SCHAFFLER

1970

CGM PERK

2002

AB RAVNO

1974

JL DU TOIT

2005

E MEYER

1977

PCG BRETT

2005

JH MEYER

1981

JB ALEXANDER

2005

PG MOREL DU BOIL

1988

IA BELL

2008

KM HURLY

1990

GD THOMPSON

2009

TG CLEASBY

1998

SW UPFOLD

2010

GRE LIONNET

2000

PW REIN

2012

BS PURCHASE

TALBOT-CROSBIE AND KYNOCH/TRIOMF PRIZEWINNERS 1962-2017 Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

1962

Talbot-Crosbie

T COVAS

1972

Talbot-Crosbie

JP MURRAY

Kynoch

JR ANDERSON

Triomf

FE RICHARDSON

Talbot-Crosbie

EJ BUCHANAN, K DOUWES-

1963

1973

DEKKER and A VAN HENGEL Kynoch

GS BARLETT

Talbot-Crosbie

AE RABE

Kynoch

RT BISHOP

1974 1964

1975 1965

1966

Talbot-Crosbie

EJ BUCHANAN

Kynoch

JM GOSNELL and GD THOMPSON

Talbot-Crosbie

Prize shared by:

Talbot-Crosbie

B ST C MOOR

Triomf

H ROSTRON

Talbot-Crosbie

No Winner

Triomf

JPM DE ROBILLARD and GA IGGO

Talbot-Crosbie

EFA ROUILLARD

Triomf

1976

RC TURNER and

Talbot-Crosbie

LMSA JULLIENNE

Triomf

JR PILCHER and

RJ JENNINGS Kynoch

G VAN DER MERWE

AJM CARNEGIE 1977

1967

Talbot-Crosbie

A VAN HENGEL

Kynoch

J GLOVER

Talbot-Crosbie

J BRUIJN and RP JENNINGS

Kynoch

G ROTH

1978 1968

1969

1970

1971

PGC BRETT, RL HARDING and RH PAXTON

Talbot-Crosbie

RCS ROBINSON and RP JENNINGS

Kynoch

PK MOBERLY

Talbot-Crosbie

IA SMITH

Kynoch

ME SUMNER

Talbot-Crosbie

GG ASHE

Kynoch

JM GOSNELL and AC LONG

Talbot-Crosbie

RP SCOTT

Triomf

J BURROWS

Talbot-Crosbie

PG MOREL DU BOIL and K SCHAFFLER

Triomf 1979

1980

1981

DB HELLMANN

Talbot-Crosbie

MR KEDIAN

Triomf

PR ATKINSON

Talbot-Crosbie

A KOEN

Triomf

NG INMAN-BAMBER

Talbot-Crosbie

RG HOEKSTRA

Triomf

KE CACKETT and JJ RAMPF

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

1982

Talbot-Crosbie

LMSA JULLIENNE

1994

Talbot-Crosbie

VC STONE

Triomf

E MEYER and B WORLOCK

Kynoch

BL SCHROEDER, JB ROBINSON PET TURNER and M WALLACE

1983

1984

Talbot-Crosbie

BS PURCHASE

Triomf

TMC BOEVEY and TJ MURRAY

Talbot-Crosbie

GPN KRUGER

Kynoch

PET TURNER

1995

Talbot-Crosbie

PG MOREL DU BOIL

Kynoch

NB LEIBBRANDT

DC WALTHEW and LM TURNER

Kynoch

DB HELLMANN, GG PLATFORD and M WALLACE

1996 1985

Talbot-Crosbie

DC WALTHEW and PW WHITELAW

Kynoch

R VAN ANTWERPEN, MG McGLINCHEY, NG INMANBAMBER and ATP BENNIE

1986

Talbot-Crosbie

GRE LIONNET

Kynoch

KM HARBORNE-RUTHERFORD,

1997

RA BAILEY and JB DA GRACA 1987

Talbot-Crosbie Kynoch

PW REIN, MGS COX and

1998

Talbot-Crosbie

KJ SCHAFFLER and MTD DE GAYE

Kynoch

M KEEPING

Talbot-Crosbie

Prize shared by:

G MONTOCCHIO

DM MEADOWS, GT SCHUMANN

TMC BOEVEY and JP FOURIE

and S SOJI; SB DAVIS, M MOODLEY, I SINGH

1988

Talbot-Crosbie

MJ REID

Kynoch

BRF GEORGE

and MW ADENDORFF

Talbot-Crosbie

GRE LIONNET

K McFARLANE;

Kynoch

JH MEYER, RA WOOD and

E MEYER

Kynoch

Prize shared by: CPR CRONJE, RA BAILEY and

1989

RL HARDING 1999 1990

Talbot-Crosbie

CMJ DAY-LEWIS and

Talbot-Crosbie

None

Kynoch

MJ PARSONS

KJ SCHAFFLER Kynoch

NG INMAN BAMBER and

2000

BA STEAD

Talbot-Crosbie

PG MOREL DU BOIL

Kynoch

EJ SCHMIDT, G NARCISO, P FROST and C GERS

1991

Talbot-Crosbie

SJ MADAREE, PW REIN and

Kynoch

RA BAILEY and SA TOUGH

Talbot-Crosbie

Prize shared by:

FC BOTHA and J ROHWER;

MGS COX and P SAHADEO;

MK BUTTERFIELD, A D'HONT and

D MEADOWS and S WADLEY

N BERDING

CM WENMAN

2001

Talbot-Crosbie Kynoch

1992

Kynoch

N MAGASINER, C VAN ALPHEN, M INKSON and B MISPLON Prize shared by:

SJ SNYMAN, KG BLACK BI HUCKETT and MP WATT

2002

Talbot-Crosbie

PB DEVNARAIN, DR ARNOLD and

Kynoch

Prize shared by:

SB DAVIS 1993

Talbot-Crosbie

M MOODLEY

Kynoch

NG INMAN-BAMBER,

E MEYER and N GOVENDER;

TL CULVERWELL and

PJ THORBURN, R VAN ANTWERPEN,

MG McGLINCHEY

JH MEYER and CN BEZUIDENHOUT

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

2003

Talbot-Crosbie

BM SCHOONEES

2011

Talbot-Crosbie

Y NAIDOO and R SIMPSON

Kynoch

S GUYON, JL VOGEL, J OMARJEE,

Kynoch

V HARRACA, J DU PISSANIE,

T VAN ANTWERPEN, P CADET and

RS RUTHERFORD and DE CONLONG

J BALANDREAU 2012 2004

Talbot-Crosbie

DJ LOVE, SD PEACOCK and GT SCHUMANN

Kynoch

PJ THORBURN, HL HORAN, IM BIGGS

Talbot-Crosbie

PS JENSEN

Kynoch

S RAMBURAN, T WETTERGREEN, SD BERRY and B SHONGWE

and SE PARK 2013 2005

Talbot-Crosbie

PS JENSEN

Kynoch

Prize shared by:

Talbot-Crosbie

L SMITH Prize shared by:

Kynoch

PWL LYNE, E MEYER and

S RAMBURAN;

R HERBERT;

PV RAMOUTHAR, R RHODES,

M VAN DEN BERG and MT SMITH

T WETTERGREEN, U PILLAY, MR JONES and R VAN ANTWERPEN

2006

Talbot-Crosbie

L ECHEVERRI and PW REIN

Kynoch

OL KVEDARAS, MG KEEPING,

2014

Talbot-Crosbie

F-R GOEBEL and MJ BYRNE

A RASSOL Kynoch

2007

PS JENSEN, SB DAVIS, DJ LOVE and PDR VAN HEERDEN, MW ADENDORFF,

Talbot-Crosbie

No Congress held

G LAGERWALL, P BOTHA, CPR CRONJE

Kynoch

No Congress held

J VAN DER MERWE, N NEL, P SMITH, E HÃ&#x2013;LL, G HYSLOP, V SMITH, A HARRIS,

2008

Talbot-Crosbie

R SIMPSON and J OXLEY

W HARRIS, JB MHLONGO, DM HARRIS,

Kynoch

SJ SNYMAN, GM MEYER,

J DHEOPURSAD, T MATTHEWS and

M BANASIAK, TL NICHOLSON,

P NAIDOO

T VAN ANTWERPEN, P NAIDOO and JD ERASMUS 2009

Talbot-Crosbie

RC LOUBSER and PS JENSEN

Kynoch

S RAMBURAN;

Talbot-Crosbie

M STARZAK and SB DAVIS

Kynoch

D ELEPHANT and N MILES

Talbot-Crosbie

RC LOUBSER and PS JENSEN

Kynoch

S RAMBURAN;

Talbot-Crosbie

M STARZAK and SB DAVIS

Kynoch

D ELEPHANT and N MILES

BM MUIR, G EGGLESTON and B BARKER

Kynoch

2015

2016

A SINGELS, MA SMIT, M BUTTERFIELD,

2015

PDR VAN HEERDEN and M VAN DEN BERG 2016 2010

Talbot-Crosbie

V KOCHERGIN, C GAUDET and M ROBERT

Kynoch

S RAMBURAN, DM McELLIGOTT and O DE HAAS

2017

Talbot-Crosbie

WK LAWLOR

Kynoch

N MILES, R RHODES and A WEIGEL

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

ANNUAL CECIL RENAUD AWARDS 1977-2017 Year 1977

1978

1979

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year 1991

Factory

B ST C MOOR

Agricultural

RT BISHOP

Factory

RD ARCHIBALD and C MACK

Agricultural

OP LANDREY

Factory

GG ASHE

Agricultural

No Winner

1992

1993

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Factory

B ST C MOOR

Agricultural

PJB GARDINER and J CAZALET

Factory

RR SANDERS

Agricultural

CG SPALING

Factory

DJ TAYFIELD and EW ANDERSON

Agricultural

OP LANDREY, GG EICHLER and J CHEDZEY

1980

1981

Factory

DCM KEIR

Agricultural

AN MILLS and ER RINGELMAN

Factory

S NORTH-COOMBES, K TAYLER

Agricultural

JG HARDY

and K KOSTER

1982

1983

Factory

P GLAUM and A LANDMAN

Agricultural

PC WISE

1994

1995

1996

Factory

C CREBO, L BACHAN and V PILLAY

Agricultural

PC HENRY and W RHEBERGEN

Factory

M MacNAUGHTON

Agricultural

D McARTHUR and VW SPAULL

Factory

B MISPLON, H VERBANCK and P McINTYRE

Agricultural

PA DONOVAN

Factory

Prize shared by M MOODLEY,

Factory

RAH CHILVERS

Agricultural

JE LONSDALE

Factory

DJ CARLIELL

R PILLAY;

Agricultural

PG BRAITHWAITE

M MOODLEY and PM SCHORN;

1997

DJ BEKKER, PJ PIENAAR and 1984

I SINGH, NJ COETZEE and 1985

Factory

MA GETAZ

E BURMEISTER;

Agricultural

J CHEDZY and JBR FINDLAY

I SINGH, R RILEY and D SEILLIER

Factory

RAH CHILVERS and DJ LOVE

Agricultural

DJ NIXON, M WORKMAN and

Agricultural 1986

1998

PJ GLENDINNING 1987

Factory

GF MANN

Agricultural

CPM SWEET, PW WHITE and

1999

Factory

None

Agricultural

JB CHADWICK

Factory

T DALE and TD KNOETZE

Agricultural

HR ROSTRON, DWF BUTLER and

GH GODWORTH 1988

1989

Factory

RP SCOTT

Agricultural

DAG RALFE

Factory

PM SCHORN, J BECKETT and

Agricultural

TL PEARSE

Factory

DM VAN DEN BERG

Agricultural

RN STATHAM

MD ZWANE 2000

2001

WS GRAHAM 2002 1990

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

A PRINS, JJ BORNMANN and

Factory

CRC JENSEN and G GOVENDER

Agricultural

N LECLER

Factory

M DEBWE

Agricultural

M HUMM

Factory

I SINGH, H JONES and S GAYAPERSAD

Agricultural

M ISYAGI and DMW WHITBREAD

Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

2003

Factory

Prize shared by:

2010

Factory

DJ LOVE

Agricultural

JJ MURRAY

LJ MELROSE; M MOODLEY, M PILLAY, PM SCHORN, G MITCHELL and

2011

R GELLING Agricultural

None J DLAMINI

Factory

R GENT

Agricultural

KE MATHIAS

Prize shared by: GW MAHER and L SCHULZ;

2012

C PFOTENHAUER 2004

Factory Agricultural

Factory

None

Agricultural

D ARMSTRONG

Factory

None

Agricultural

None

2013

Factory Agricultural

2005

Factory

JJ MURRAY, HNP STOLZ and JL BOUWER

2014 2006

A RAGHUNANDAN, CRC JENSEN, T MTEMBU and FEA AHMED

Factory

Prize shared by :

Prize shared by: M NDLAZI, RI SINGH and S NDLOVU;

M REIN, L SMITH, B STRACHAN and

M MBUYAZI and S MHLONGO

R WIRMINGHAUS;

Agricultural

CPR CRONJE and P SAHADEO

Factory

A MDAKANE and T NDHLALA

Agricultural

None

M NINELA and N RAJOO Agricultural

Prize shared by:

2015

MI LANGTON, JC SMITHERS, CN BEZUIDENHOUT and PWL LYNE; RR FORTMANN, PG BRENCHLEY and

2016

AK MATHEW 2007

Factory

None - No Congress held

Agricultural

None - No Congress held

2017

Factory

EM DLAMINI

Agricultural

None

Factory

FS MNCUBE, DJ LOVE, P SIKHAKANE, D OGLE and T MTEMBU

Agricultural 2008

2009

Factory

S RAMA and SS MUNSAMY

Agricultural

JJ MURRAY

Factory

PM SCHORN, L SMITH, SD PEACOCK,

AJ HARRIS

DJ LOVE and DJ MUZZELL Agricultural

AT WYNNE, TJ MURRAY and AB GABRIEL

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SASTA POSTER AWARDS 2000-2017 Year 2000

2001

2002

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year

Factory

None

2010

Agricultural

SA McFARLANE and RA BAILEY

Factory

None

Agricultural

SA McFARLANE

2011

Factory

None

Agricultural

CN BEZUIDENHOUT and C GERS

2012

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Factory

None

Agricultural

A JUMMAN and NL LECLER

Factory

None

Agricultural

CN BEZUIDENHOUT

Factory

WK LAWLOR

Agricultural

WA GILLESPIE, FJ MITCHELL, MJ WAY, TM WEBSTER and JH WITTHOFT

2003

2004

Factory

None

Agricultural

None

Factory

Y NAIDOO and R SIMPSON

Agricultural

DJ NIXON

2013

Factory

None

Agricultural

MT SMITH, A SINGELS and J NEEN

H du CLOU and SN WALFORD

Agricultural

B BHENGU, T MASONDO, S HLELA, V DLAMINI and S MNOGOMEZULU

2014 2005

Factory

RC LOUBSER

Agricultural

SA McFARLANE, LA MARTIN, D WILKINSON, AC KOCH, T VAN ANTWERPEN, N PILLAY and

2006

Factory

None

Agricultural

M JONES and M VAN DEN BERG

RS RUTHERFORD

Factory

None - No Congress held

Agricultural

None - No Congress held

2015 2007

2016 2008

2009

Factory

WK LAWLOR

Agricultural

P SITHOLE and A PARASKEVOPOULOS

Factory

SN WALFORD

Factory

B BARKER and J WESLEY-SMITH

Agricultural

SA McFARLANE, T VAN ANTWERPEN,

Agricultural

P TWEDDLE;

Prize shared by:

P GOVENDER and GF BUCHANAN

PL CAMPBELL, A PARASKEVOPOULOS

Factory

SN WALFORD, S EGLI and B MARTINCIGH

and S HURIPURSHAD

Agricultural

PL CAMPBELL, GW LESLIE, SA McFARLANE, SD BERRY,

2017

R RHODES, R VAN ANTWERPEN,

Factory

B BARKER, S MADHO and S RAHIMAN

Agricultural

Prize shared by:

RS RUTHERFORD, T VAN ANTWERPEN,

AB PATTON, ITR MAKHUBEDU and

DM McELLIGOTT and DE CONLONG

A WEIGEL; K MCFARLANE and AD WALTON

JUBILEE AWARDS 2000-2015 Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

2000

Factory

CRC JENSEN

2006

Factory

None

Agricultural

EJ SCHMIDT

Agricultural

None

2003

Factory

None

Agricultural

None

2009

2011

2015

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

Factory

None

Agricultural

None

Factory

Y NAIDOO

Agricultural

V HARRACA

Factory

PS JENSEN

Agricultural

S RAMBURAN

INNOVATION AWARDS 2000-2013 Year 2000

2001

2002

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year 2007

Factory

L HELFRICH

Agriculture

D DINKLEMANN

Factory

B GOVENDER

Agricultural

None

Factory

S CHINSAMY

Agricultural

2008

2009

NOODSBERG CANEGROWERSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Factory

None

Agricultural

I HILLERMANN

Factory

None

Agricultural

A SINGELS

Factory

None

Agricultural

None

Factory

None

Agricultural

None

Factory

None

Agricultural

None

Factory

None

Agricultural

None

Factory

None

Agricultural

None

ASSOCIATION (Proposed by GW MAHER) 2003

2004

2005

2006

Factory

D DENNIS

Agricultural

None

Factory

None

Agricultural

WH REDINGER

Factory

None

Agricultural

C GARNETT

Factory

None

Agricultural

E ALBERTSE

2010

2011

2012

2013

ROBIN RENTON MEMORIAL AWARD (PGBI PRIZE/DRA GLOBAL) 2003-2017 Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

2003

LJ MELROSE

2011

T NDHLALA

2004

None

2012

PS JENSEN

2005

None

2013

S SHAH

2006

S RAMA

2014

DN BOOTE

2007

None - No Congress held

2015

None

2008

P SHARMA

2016

S HESS

2009

Z RAMBAKUS

2017

AJ HARRIS

2010

A JUMMAN

SASTA STUDENT THESIS AWARD 2004-2007 Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year

2004

Agricultural

MH GRAHAM

2006

None

2007

None

2005

Prize/Award

Author(s)

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SASTA STUDENT AWARD 2008-2017 Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

2008

Agricultural

A HARRIS

2013

Agricultural

RL ROSSLER

2009

Agricultural

G DITTRICH-SCHRODER

2014

Agricultural

MS SIBOMANA

2010

Factory

H DU CLOU

2015

Agricultural

BJ VAN VUUREN

2011

Agricultural

P MUDAVANHU

2016

Agricultural

AJ SERFONTEIN

Factory

SN RAHIMAN

2017

Agricultural

NW MBUMA

Agricultural

TA GOBLE

2012

AGRICULTURE SUCCESS STORY AWARD 2010-2013 Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

2010

D SUTHERLAND

2012

None

2011

None

2013

None

FACTORY OPERATIONAL PAPER AWARD 2011-2013 Year

Prize/Award

Author(s)

Year

2011

Q MASEKO

2013

2012

S GARTNER

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

Prize/Award

Author(s) B SKINNER

ABSTRACTS & SPEAKER BIOGRAPHIES

GUEST SPEAKER

THE BUSINESS OF DISRUPTION: THE RIPPLE EFFECT OF GAME CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES BRONWYN WILLIAMS Bronwyn Williams is a Trend Translator and Future Finance Specialist for Flux Trends. Bronwyn has over a decade’s experience in marketing management and trend research, working predominantly with brands in the financial and B2B industries. Bronwyn has collaborated with Flux Trends on a number of projects since 2011, thus lending her research and writing skills to various Flux trend reports and presentations such as: The Fragmented Future of Finance, Virtual Money, So You Want to Hire a Millennial?, Digital Burnout, From Bricks to Clicks, Gen Z: the Real Game Changing Generation. Bronwyn was also the ghostwriter for Dion Chang’s: “The New Urban Tribes of South Africa (published by Pan MacMillan).” Prior to working with Flux Trends, Bronwyn worked as the Publisher of the South African office of the Agora Group. Agora is one of the world’s largest independent financial publishing houses, which is headed up by the international New York Times best-selling author Bill Bonner. In this role, Bronwyn managed the largest circulation of South African financial newsletters and worked closely with a network of local and international financial thought leaders. This role thus gave Bronwyn access to a wealth of ‘insider’ insights on how the world of money really works. Abstract From the advent of social media, a decade ago, to the more recent adoption of wearable tech, technology has proven to be an irreversible, business game changer – and the ripple effect has only just begun. While the print media, music and retail industries have already experienced the game changing effects that digitisation has brought, other industries are finding themselves in the crosshairs, namely the healthcare, travel and financial services industries. No industry will be left unaffected – it is no longer a case of “if”, but “when”, and as the music and entertainment industry has discovered, disruption can also come in waves, so even if an industry has experienced some sort of digital disruption, the possibility of an “aftershock” is very real. This presentation tracks the various technologies that kick started business disruption, which industries were affected, and what the game changing effect was. It will show how leaders - from CEO’s to brand managers - have had to, not only manage the disruption but also alter their industry’s business models to ensure they do not become obsolete or fall into the abyss of irrelevance. This presentation will cover the following insights: • Turning points: the technologies that kick-started business disruption and continue to do so. • You first: tracking which industries that have already succumbed to digitisation and what the ripple effect was, of the disruption. • Adapt or die: case studies of how industries have managed to embrace change and reinvent themselves for a tech savvy customer. • The customer perspective: mass customisation, instant gratification, comparative shopping, spewing shade and other “new normals” of consumer engagement in a digital era. • Who’s next? The industries that are currently in the firing line of disruption. • Agile product development, budgeting for failure…and other hard-to-swallow concepts that the boards of directors are going to have to embrace.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

REVIEW OF SOUTH AFRICAN SUGARCANE PRODUCTION IN THE 2017/18 SEASON: ARE WE OUT OF THE WOODS? SINGELS A1,3, MCFARLANE SA1, NICHOLSON RJ2, CONLONG DE1,4, SITHOLE P1 AND TITSHALL LW1,3 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa South African Cane Growersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Association, 170 Flanders Drive, Mt Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 3 School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UKZN, PBag X01, Scottsville, 3209 4 School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa 1

abraham.singels@sugar.org.za Abstract The objectives of this paper are to characterise South African sugarcane production for the 2017/18 milling season from an agricultural perspective. This is done to provide insight into successes and failures of recent production strategies and identify priorities for improved efficiency in producing high quality sugarcane in South Africa. The lengthy and severe drought of 2014/15/16 was finally broken in 2017 with good rainfall bringing relief in rainfed production areas. Yields in these areas improved markedly from 2016. Cane quality also improved although it remained below the long term mean because of disruptive rainfall in May and in some parts in October. Irrigation water supplies remained constrained for a large part of the growing season but started improving from January 2017. This brought about improved yields, while excellent cane quality was achieved in these areas. Smut levels increased in the northern parts of the industry, but levels of other diseases were relatively low. Eldana levels also declined after good summer rainfall in coastal areas. A new pest, the longhorn beetle, posed a serious threat, but seems to have for the present been contained. Vigilance, especially in hotspot areas, remains a high priority. Substantial sugar imports combined with increased local production necessitated exports of locally produced sugar at low world prices, leading to low producerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s price and profitability, and threatening long term sustainability. Effective tariff protection is urgently required to turn this around. Overall, the 2017 production season will be remembered for a remarkable turnaround in sugarcane production from one of the most severe droughts ever experienced. Agronomic recovery, however, did not translate into financial recovery, due to a low product price. Continued efforts are needed to improve efficiencies along the value chain, for the industry to remain competitive. Keywords: cane quality, cane yield, diseases, profitability, pests, production Biography: Abraham Singels Abraham Singels is a Principal Agronomist at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (joined in 1997) and also holds honorary appointments at the Universities of Pretoria and Kwazulu-Natal. He obtained a Ph.D. in Agricultural Meteorology from the University of the Free State, where he also worked as researcher and lecturer for 15 years. He specializes in climatecrop interactions in sugarcane and has experience in crop physiology and modelling research, and the development of decision support systems.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

NINETY-THIRD ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE MILLING SEASON IN SOUTHERN AFRICA (2017/18) MADHO S, ESSOP R, VISRAM K, DAVIS SB AND BHYRODEYAL L Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC, c/o University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa smadho@smri.org ressop@smri.org kvisram@smri.org sdavis@smri.org lbhyrodeyal@smri.org Abstract Performance, throughput and other relevant aspects of the sugar industries in southern Africa for the 2017/18 milling season are presented and discussed. Data from sugar factories in South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe are included. The improved rainfall over the past two seasons in South Africa brought some relief from the drought experienced in the 2014/15 and 2015/16 seasons. This resulted in a substantial improvement of cane quality, in terms of Recoverable Value and Estimated Recoverable Crystal % cane, which both increased from ten-year low values in 2016/17 to values similar to the ten-year average in the past season. The crop size crushed was 17.39 million tonnes of cane in 2017/18; this was 2.31 million tonnes more than the previous season. Most factory performance parameters improved. Time efficiencies increased, as did overall recovery and the cane to sugar ratio through increases in extraction and boiling house recovery. The improvement in cane quality assisted factory back-end performance but factory operational improvements were also noted. There were reductions in the sucrose lost to molasses and the undetermined losses. Despite the increased cane tonnages and general improvements to performance figures the South African industry was adversely affected by large quantities of sugar imported into the country. About a third of the local sugar produced was delivered to the South African Sugar Terminal to be sold abroad at world prices. Dextran levels in the sugar received by the terminal were abnormally high. For the non-South African factories reviewed the cane quality was mostly similar to that of the previous season, with the exception of Zimbabwe and Tanzania. The total amount of cane crushed by the non-South African factories and the polbased extraction achieved in 2017/18 were also similar to the previous season. The pol-based boiling house recovery varied in the countries under review but were relatively high, with only one factory posting a value under 85%. Keywords: sugarcane, sugar factories, cane quality, crop size, performance, recovery Biography: Shaun Madho Shaun Madho is the head of the Industry Support division at the Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC (SMRI) and leads the areas of consulting, training, technology transfer and factory performance figures management. He aims for the southern African sugarcane processing industry to benefit from the SMRI’s initiatives in the short-to-medium term; this is primarily through continuously improving the industry’s level of performance. Shaun was previously employed as a Process Engineer with Illovo Sugar Ltd at the Gledhow, Eston and Noodsberg mills. He has attained a Master’s degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Kwazulu-Natal.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

THE COLLABORATIVE EFFORT BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR TO REDUCE HEAVY VEHICLE OVERLOADING IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INDUSTRY: 2006 TO 2017 MASHILE GK1, KADWA M1, LYNE PWL 2 AND GILES RC3 South African Cane Growers Association, 170 Flanders Drive, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 2 School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209,South Africa 2 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 3 Crickmay and Associates Pty Ltd, Quarry Office Park, 400 Old Howick Road, Hilton, 3245, South Africa 1

Glantine.Mashile@sacanegrowers.co.za lynep@ukzn.ac.za

Muhammad.Kadwa@sacanegrowers.co.za ryan@crickmay.co.za

Abstract Overloading heavy vehicles is a road safety and cost concern for both heavy vehicle owners and end users of transported products. Overloading causes premature road deterioration and increased vehicle maintenance, and these contribute significantly to South Africa’s poor road safety record. The South African National Department of Transport incorporated the campaign against overloading on its roads as a safety strategy. A self-regulating initiative called the Road Transport Management System (RTMS) was partially introduced in 2008 to address overloading in the South African sugar industry and be in line with the National Department of Transport’s campaign for a road safety strategy. This paper discusses the successful collaboration of various stakeholders in reducing vehicle overloads in the South African sugar industry from 2007 to 2016. The industry stakeholders involved in the RTMS committee include the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Transport, Crickmay and Associates, the South African Cane Growers’ Association, sugarcane millers, growers and haulier representatives. The overloading of heavy vehicles in the sugar industry on South African roads has reduced significantly since the RTMS self-regulating initiative was introduced to the sugar industry. As a result of the RTMS initiative, the incidences of overloaded vehicle deliveries from farms to sugar mills in South Africa decreased from 25% in 2007 to 3.5% in 2016. In addition, the haulage productivity of the vehicles has increased due to the correct average payloads. Keywords: sugarcane, overloads, collaboration, decision support system, haulage, productivity Biography: Glantine Mashile Glantine holds a BSc Agribusiness degree from the University of KwaZulu Natal and has worked for Standard Bank as an Agricultural Advisor. In 2012, he joined the sugar industry working for SA Canegrowers as an Area Manger in Eston. He provides business management and economic advisory services to Grower organizations structures and individual growers. Glantine is the coordinator of the Sugar Road Transport Management System (RTMS) Steering Committee. He also lectures farm financial management on the Sugarcane Senior Course at the South African Sugar Association (SASA).

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

SUGARCANE PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER USE IN SOUTH AFRICA UNDER A FUTURE CLIMATE: WHAT CAN WE EXPECT? SINGELS A1, JONES MR1 AND LUMSDEN TG2 1

South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe 2 Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban Abraham.Singels@sugar.org.za

Abstract Reliable predictions of sugarcane crop response to climate change are necessary to plan adaptation strategies for the South African sugarcane industry. The objective was to estimate expected changes in sugarcane yields, water use and irrigation requirements due to climate change for existing and potential new production areas in South Africa (SA). The DSSAT-Canegro model was used to simulate dryland (non-irrigated) and fully-irrigated crops for 1967 catchments using actual weather data for the period 1971-1990 (past) and projected weather data (from three climate models) for the period 2046-2065 (future). Temperatures are expected to increase by about 2Â°C. Rainfall projections are less certain with a possibility of slight increases in annual total rainfall, especially in the northern parts of the industry. Most dryland yields are expected to increase due to accelerated canopy development and increased water use efficiency. Increases vary from 11% in current warm areas to 33% in current cool areas. Irrigated yields are expected to increase marginally (1-5%) in current high potential areas, while larger increases are expected for current marginal areas. Crop water use and irrigation requirements are expected to increase by 8% to 11%, respectively. Areas in northern Limpopo, north-eastern parts of the Eastern Cape, and high-lying areas in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga are likely to become suitable for sugarcane production as temperatures increase. A database was generated for areas in SA where sugarcane can potentially be grown. The database comprises estimated sugarcane yields, water use and irrigation requirements, at sub-catchment level, for the past and the future climate. The information should be useful for the planning and future management of sugarcane production in SA. Keywords: crop water use, irrigation, weather data, rainfall, temperature, climate change, Canegro, cane yield. Biography: Abraham Singels Abraham Singels is a Principal Agronomist at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (joined in 1997) and also holds honorary appointments at the Universities of Pretoria and Kwazulu-Natal. He obtained a Ph.D. in Agricultural Meteorology from the University of the Free State, where he also worked as researcher and lecturer for 15 years. He specializes in climatecrop interactions in sugarcane and has experience in crop physiology and modelling research, and the development of decision support systems.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

OPTIMISING CROP REFUGE AREAS IN TRANSGENIC SUGARCANE FIELDS HUMAN DJ AND POTGIETER L Department of Logistics, Stellenbosch University, South Africa dirk.human@gmail.com lpotgieter@sun.ac.za Abstract Crops expressing genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produce a protein toxic to members of the order Lepidoptera and are a popular alternative to sprayed insecticides. Although these Bt crops are considered to be an effective pest control method, reckless usage adds environmental pressure on the pest population to develop resistance to the toxin over time. One method of limiting the rate of resistance development is to keep small portions of the cultivated land planted with the non-GMO crop which then acts as a refuge area for the pest, limiting its exposure to the toxin and removing the pressure to develop resistance. Strains of Bt sugarcane for the South African market that should limit the damage caused by the stalk borer moth, Eldana Saccharina Walker, are being developed, and a prerequisite to releasing such a product is a recommendation on the size and layout of the refuge areas to be planted, as too small an area may not curb the rate of resistance development enough, but too large an area may not be economically viable for the grower. A simulation-based model is presented where individual moths are modelled as agents on an underlying sugarcane field. To reduce the complexity of the model, the field is divided into a series of smaller cells that can interact with each other, which allows us to model the impact of a severe infestation on an area the size of an average sugarcane farm. Keywords: sugarcane, Eldana, GMO, agent-based simulation, pest management, agricultural landscape Biography: Dirk Human DJ Human is currently a Master’s student at the Department of Logistics at Stellenbosch University. After graduating with his Honours degree in Operations Research (cum laude), also from Stellenbosch University in 2014, he joined one of South Africa’s largest banks as a predictive model builder in 2015 before pursuing his Master’s degree in early 2016.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

UNDERSTANDING THE RECENT INVASION OF CACOSCELES NEWMANNII (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) INTO SUGARCANE FROM A THERMAL PERSPECTIVE JAVAL M1, THOMAS S1, BARTON MG1, GILLESPIE D2, CONLONG DE1,2 AND TERBLANCHE JS1 Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 1

jst@sun.ac.za Des.Conlong@sugar.org.za Abstract The recent invasion of the indigenous longhorn beetle Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) into sugarcane of KwaZulu-Natal has resulted in widespread concern surrounding its pest status and further potential for spread and damage in surrounding sugarcane crops. Its dramatic host shift from indigenous vegetation can be attributed to several potential mechanisms, including abiotic and biotic factors. The thermal limits to activity and survival of larvae and adults in a set of laboratory experiments are examined, and a predominant hypothesis about the cause of high temperature death (i.e. oxygen limitation theory) is tested. We also report on mortality rate across a range of temperatures of C. newmannii on sugarcane and artificial diet. Thermal trait information is then integrated with what is known about sugarcane environments in KwaZulu-Natal and supply the first step in forecasting the potential spread of this longhorn beetle. Keywords: Cacosceles newmannii, thermolimit respirometry, critical temperature, OCLTT theory, crop pest, stress tolerance Biography: Marion Javal Dr Marion Javal is a French entomologist working on stress tolerance and management of pest insects. During her past experiences, she has conducted research on cold tolerance of Drosophila menalogaster and on stress tolerance, dispersal ability and invasion routes of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis, Cerambycidae). She is now involved in the management of an emerging sugarcane pest in South Africa: Cacosceles newmannii (Cerambycidae), and she works on understanding what triggered this speciesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; host shift from native trees onto sugarcane crops.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

PROGRESS IN REDUCING DISEASE INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGARCANE INDUSTRY MCFARLANE SA1, ZHOU MM1,2 AND RUTHERFORD RS1,3 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 2 University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa 3 School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa 1

sharon.mcfarlane@sugar.org.za marvellous.zhou@sugar.org.za stuart.rutherford@sugar.org.za Abstract The disease situation in the South African sugarcane industry since the introduction of the ratoon stunt disease (RSD) diagnostic service in 1977 and the establishment of the Local Pest, Disease and Variety Committees (LPD&VCCs) in 1983 is discussed. Survey results indicate substantial decreases in the incidence of smut, mosaic and RSD over time, with associated economic losses for the 2011-15 period estimated to be R51 million per annum compared to losses in 198485 of approximately R412 million per annum in current Rand terms. Significant differences in smut and mosaic incidence between regions in the industry and in the varieties grown within these regions were evident. Smut incidence in commercial fields in the smut-prone northern irrigated region was higher (P=0.001) than the overall industry mean and more smut was observed in varieties N25 (P=0.0017) and N32 (P<0.0001) than other popular commercial varieties grown in this region. Similarly, mosaic incidence in the Midlands (P=0.0002) was higher than the industry mean, with varieties N12 (P=0.0022) and N36 (P<0.0001) showing higher mosaic levels than the regional mean. Results from RSD surveys conducted during the 2011-2015 period indicated that 1.2% of the stalks in commercial fields in the industry were infected, a marked decrease from 10% in 1977-1980. The Biosecurity-Extension-Researcher partnership provides a conduit for knowledge exchange with growers and has been integral to the improved disease situation in the industry. This partnership has facilitated the promotion of new varieties, raising grower awareness to relevant disease issues through regular monitoring and promoting the use of integrated disease management strategies to minimise losses. Keywords: sugarcane diseases, disease surveys, smut, mosaic, RSD, Biosecurity Biography: Sharon McFarlane Sharon McFarlane is a Plant Pathologist at SASRI. She joined the research institute in 1989 after completing her BSc Honours in Microbiology at the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg. She later received an MSc from the School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Natal, Durban. Her key focus is disease monitoring and management.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

A NEW METHOD FOR ASSESSING SUGARCANE VARIETY TOLERANCE TO NEMATODES RAMOUTHAR PV, MCFARLANE SA AND RUTHERFORD RS South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mt Edgecombe 4300, South Africa Prabashnie.Ramouthar@sugar.org.za Abstract A new pot trial method was developed to assess sugarcane variety tolerance to nematodes under controlled conditions. Pre-germinated single-budded setts were planted into pots containing sterilised soil or sterilised soil inoculated with a cocktail of nematodes. The nematode community was dominated by Meloidogyne, and also contained Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Paratrichodorus, Scutellonema and Tylenchorhynchus. Shoot height, shoot and root biomass and nematode numbers in the roots at harvest were recorded. Two trials with varieties N12 (tolerant) and N51 (susceptible) were planted using the above method. In Trial 1, no significant differences in growth were noted between treatments, largely due to low nematode numbers in the roots. In Trial 2, the number of nematodes used for inoculation was doubled. This significantly increased nematode numbers in the roots of the inoculated treatments at harvest. No significant differences in growth were observed between the sterilised control and the sterilised and inoculated treatment for N12, confirming tolerance to plant parasitic nematodes. For N51, all growth parameters tested were significantly lower in the inoculated treatment, confirming the susceptibility of this variety. This new pot trial method will be used to assign nematode tolerance ratings for varieties in future; however, further refinement is required. Keywords: sugarcane, variety, tolerance, nematodes, pot trials Biography: Prabashnie Ramouthar Prabashnie Ramouthar started at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute in 2009 and is currently employed as the Nematologist, a position she has held since 2012. She currently holds the position of newsletter editor on the executive board of the Nematology Society of Southern Africa and was symposium chairperson for the 2017 symposium. She recently completed a revision of the chapter Nematodes Parasites of Sugarcane in the third edition of the CABI book Plant Parasitic Nematodes Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture. Her research interests include integrated management of nematodes and she aims to reduce the reliance of the industry on chemical nematicides. She has authored three full papers at SASTA and has been either author or co-author on five short communications and six posters. This is her fifth SASTA presentation.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

IMPACTS OF SAMPLING EFFORT ON ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE OF THE APHID SIPHA FLAVA (FORBES) IN SUGARCANE IN MAZABUKA, ZAMBIA THOMAS S1, CONLONG DE1,2, BARTON MG1, MCELLIGOTT DM3, MAHER G4 AND TERBLANCHE JS1 Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa 2 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa, 3 Illovo Sugar Africa (Pty) Ltd, Durban, South Africa 4 Nakambala Sugar Estate, Mazabuka, Zambia

jst@sun.ac.za

Des.Conlong@sugar.org.za 3DMMcElligott@illovo.co.za 4 GMaher@zamsugar.zm

Abstract The exotic aphid Sipha flava (Forbes) (Homoptera: Aphididae) has recently become a pest of concern for sugarcane farmers in the Mazabuka region of Zambia. The steady decline in sugarcane yields has led to the need for investigation into the spatial-temporal dynamics of S. flava outbreaks, its population dynamics and invasion potential. Field survey data of S. flava, its abundance and distribution (every 20 m by 10 lines in Âą6 ha blocks), were intensely collected over a period of 6 weeks on a weekly basis in 7 separate fields. Using randomisation across subsets of these data, the authors illustrate how sampling effort might impact on estimates of abundance. These data provide much greater spatial resolution than current coarse-scale monitoring techniques are able to do. The levels of uncertainty with lower sampling effort are presented, highlighting the need for improving the current inconsistent scouting procedures. These results are discussed in the context of further development of an integrated pest management programme for aphids on sugarcane in Zambia. Keywords: yellow sugarcane aphid, scouting methods, survey methodologies, aphid distribution Biography: Saskia Thomas Saskia Thomas is doing an MSc in Conservation Ecology at Stellenbosch University, researching the implementation of integrated pest management at Nakambala Sugarcane Estate, in Zambia with Sipha flava (Yellow Sugarcane Aphid) and Heteronychus licas (Black Sugarcane Beetle) being the target study pests.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL ATRAZINE IN SOIL AND DRAIN WATERS USING GC-TOF-MS MUZIRA EW AND MUTATU W Zimbabwe Sugar Association Experiment Station, P/Bag 7006, Chiredzi, Zimbabwe wmutatu@zsaes.org.zw

emuzira@zsaes.org.zw

Abstract Residual atrazine in the soil and drainage water at the Zimbabwe Sugar Association Experiment Station was determined using Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction (dSPE) coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). An experiment at three levels of atrazine treatment was set up, and residual atrazine in soil and leached solution was determined every week after planting sugarcane setts in pots. The amount of atrazine detected in the soil ranged from 29 to 1 ppm nine weeks after the application for the standard two litres per hectare (2 L/ha). The amount of atrazine in the leachate from the pots ranged from 33.71 to 0.71 pbb and was below the maximum permissible limit. In borehole water, atrazine concentration ranged from 48.76 to 49.00 ppb and in drainage ranged from 21.71 to 109.21 ppb. Soil samples from fields where atrazine had been applied had residual atrazine ranging from 5.66 to 13.21 ppm. Results indicate that the atrazine levels in the borehole and drainage ditch exceed the US Environmental Protection Agency concentration limit of 2 ppb. However, this is below the 1 ppm maximum permissible limit of atrazine in surface and ground water. The results indicate that there is a need to monitor potential contamination of atrazine in surface and ground water. Monitoring of other herbicides used in the sugarcane industry should also be pursued. Breakdown or transformation products of atrazine and other herbicides are not an exception, since the parent compound was detected both in the soil and water. Keywords: atrazine, dispersive solid phase extraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, herbicides, drainage, borehole Biography: Elias Muzira Mr Elias Wilson Muzira is a Research Laboratory Technician at the Zimbabwe Sugar Association Experiment (Z.S.A.E.S). He has the following professional qualifications: National Certificate in Science Technology, National Diploma in Applied Chemical Technology, BSc Geography and Environmental Studies and BSc (Hons) in Chemical Technology. Mr Muzira joined the ZSA Experiment Station in 2001 and has been with the Station for over 16 years working in the Chemistry and Soil laboratory.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

SOIL SALINITY MANAGEMENT: QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS ON FARMER PERCEPTIONS, KNOWLEDGE LEVELS AND PRACTICES JUMMAN A1, VAN HEERDEN PS2, VAN ANTWERPEN R1,3, VAN RENSBURG LD3 AND ADENDORFF M1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 2 Picwat, PO BOX 11632, Universitas, 9321, South Africa 3 University of Free State, Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300

ashiel.jumman@sugar.org.za Abstract Production on 20% of irrigated sugarcane land in South Africa is affected by salinity. To facilitate effective extension interventions, farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; current perceptions, knowledge levels and practices needed to be captured. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted with 34 commercial sugarcane growers, farming an area of 18 174 ha (17% of the sugarcane area under irrigation in South Africa). The questionnaire comprised 51 questions, of which 23 were 5-point Likertscale questions used to test five hypotheses (H1-H5). The remaining questions captured baseline data and supplemental information, with the aim of testing knowledge and perceptions of soil salinity. The hypotheses test results suggested that participants adequately perceived the threat of salinity (H1) and also have sufficient knowledge about the causes (H2) and the preventative and corrective measures for salinity management (H3). In addition, the sample of farmers appeared to be satisfied that the benefits of salinity management outweigh the costs (H4). The only hypothesis which was accepted was that the benefits of preventative and corrective measures did not outweigh the implementation effort (H5). In stark contrast to H1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;H4 test results, data from other questions indicated very little evidence of implemented practices or measures aimed at addressing the problem, that is (a) no consideration of salinity in irrigation scheduling (66% of sample); (b) few examples of controlled leaching being implemented (12% of sample); (c) little differentiation in irrigation strategy for saline and non-saline soils (26%); and (d) very little tracking of water quality and soil salinity status. In conclusion, farmers were aware of the salinity threat, but were not actively engaged in addressing the problem. Farmers were uncertain about the effort required to implement salinity management. Extension activities should extend to beyond just knowledge sharing. Interventions should create the opportunity for exposure to implementation on smaller scales and learning and upskilling through practical experience. Keywords: salinity, adoption, farmer perception, knowledge, management practices. Biography: Ashiel Jumman Ashiel Jumman is an Agricultural Engineer at SASRI with an increasing interest in complex social behaviour relating to extension methods, knowledge dissemination and technology transfer and the adoption of BMPs. He obtained his PhD, MSc and BSc in Agricultural Engineering, all from the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Ashiel has authored and co-authored more than 20 papers at various local and international conferences and workshops. He was awarded the prestigious Robin Renton Memorial award in 2010 for the best technical paper by a young engineer at SASTA. Ashiel is a very passionate and energetic young man who thoroughly enjoys working in the research field.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

ASSESSMENT OF TRENDS IN RUN-OFF AND SEDIMENT YIELD FROM CATCHMENTS UNDER SUGARCANE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OTIM D1,5*, SMITHERS J1,3, SENZANJE A1 AND VAN ANTWERPEN R2,4 Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZuluNatal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa 2 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 3 National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Australia 4 Department of Soil, Crops and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa 5 Department of Agricultural Mechanisation and Irrigation Engineering, Busitema University, PO Box 236, Tororo, Uganda 1

216076594@stu.ukzn.ac.za

Smithers@ukzn.ac.za

Senzanjea@ukzn.ac.za Rianto.Van.Antwerpen@sugar.org.za

Abstract Run-off is dependent on interactions between rainfall intensity, antecedent soil moisture conditions and land cover while peak discharge from a catchment is closely related to the run-off volume generated. Both run-off volume and peak discharge are drivers to sediment yield. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of run-off and soil erosion processes from catchments under sugarcane production and various management practices (i.e. tillage and land cover). The study area was located at La Mercy on the site that now hosts the King Shaka International airport in South Africa. It consisted of four research catchments which were under sugarcane production and various management practices for the period 1986-1995. The data consisted of daily run-off and sediment yield for the same period. A comparison of run-off from the four catchments showed that effects of minimum tillage and strip planting on run-off reduction were evident while effects of conservation structures (i.e. spill-over roads and water carrying terraces) on run-off reduction were not evident. Hence, it is hypothesised that crop cover masked the effects of conservation structures on run-off reduction. With respect to sediment yield, low soil erodibility, sugarcane land cover and management practices had greater impact on the reduction of sediment yield than conservation structures while effects of catchment steepness on sediment yield were not evident. This is because soil erodibility neutralises the effects of catchment steepness on sediment yield production. Keywords: run-off, sediment yield, sugarcane production, management practices, La Mercy catchments, South Africa Biography: Daniel Otim Daniel Otim is a Civil Engineer by training with specific expertise in hydrology and drainage engineering. Daniel is professionally registered with the Engineers Registration Board of Uganda and he has designed and managed a multitude of civil engineering projects. He has an MSc Engineering degree in Irrigation Engineering obtained in 2009 from University of Florence, Italy and a BSc Engineering degree in Civil Engineering which he obtained in 2006 from Makerere University, Uganda. He is an emerging researcher and lectures courses in soil and water engineering, applied hydrology and irrigation system design and management in Busitema University located in Uganda. Currently, Daniel is pursuing a PhD at the University of KwaZuluNatal. His research topic is â&#x20AC;&#x153;Development of Updated Design Norms for Soil and Water Conservation Structures in the Sugar Industry of South Africaâ&#x20AC;?.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

POSTER SUMMARY

ESTIMATING TRAFFIC INDUCED SUGARCANE LOSSES FOR VARIOUS INFIELD CANE EXTRACTION SYSTEMS TWEDDLE PB1 AND LYNE PWL1,2 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa 1

peter.tweddle@sugar.org.za lynep@ukzn.ac.za Abstract A range of systems are used in the South African sugarcane industry to harvest and remove the sugarcane crop from the field. Although the long-term effects of infield traffic are known to have a negative impact on crop yields, quantification of this impact has been difficult to define. Field surveys were conducted on a range of harvesting and extraction systems to determine the extent of traffic that occurred infield and the position of the traffic with respect to the crop row and inter-row areas. Information on yield losses associated with traffic position on the crop row and traffic on the crop inter-row, were collated from local and international literature. These yield loss responses to infield traffic patterns were used to estimate field-based crop production losses for a range of systems typically found in the South African sugarcane industry. The estimated yield losses ranged from approximately 1% to 9% depending on the loading system and the associated intensity and extent of traffic through the field. The results from this study provide an indication of the impact that infield traffic is having on yields and crop sustainability for different harvesting and extraction systems, and the benefits that may be available through the adoption of better infield traffic practices and systems. Further, this study provides the basis for quantifying the economic benefit of improved infield traffic practices and in certain cases may provide sufficient incentive for the adoption of better infield traffic equipment strategies and systems. Keywords: compaction, harvesting and extraction systems, infield traffic, sugarcane, stool damage, yield losses Biography: Peter Tweddle Peter Tweddle is an Agricultural Engineer at SASRI specializing in research relating to Mechanization and Transport within the Sugarcane Industry. Peter completed a PhD degree in Agricultural Engineering through the University of KwaZulu-Natal in 2016 and is registered as a Professional Engineer with the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA).

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR IMPROVING WATER APPLICATION AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN SUGARCANE FIELDS NOORI M, BAHRAMI R, NIKFAR D AND KAHYESH I Department of Sugarcane Research Center, Karun-Agro Industry, Shushtar, Iran mansourn2001@yahoo.com Abstract Sugarcane is an important crop in Khuzestan province in Iran, where the crop is irrigated through gated pipes. Water resource limitation is a big challenge which farmers face in Iran. In this paper the authors studied different practical methods for improving water application efficiency and water use efficiency in sugarcane. These methods consisted of alternate furrow irrigation at different stages of sugarcane growth in heavy soils, changing the furrow shape and establishing furrows with low wetted perimeters for decreasing the infiltration rate and optimisation of water application efficiency in sandy or loamy sand soils. Selection of the best time of cut-off inflow through the gated pipes and reuse of drainage water for irrigation were also investigated. Overall, the results indicated that the use of alternate furrow irrigation at all stages of growth resulted in 36.5% of water saving compared to the conventional method. A change of furrow shape from the conventional U shape to a V shape improved water application efficiency. The results showed that water saving improved with V shaped furrows compared to the shallow U and deep U shaped furrows, with a saving of 28 and 9.5% respectively. Another study applied the best time of cut-off inflow with two discharge inflow rates - medium and high - with water savings of 35 and 38% respectively. Reusing sugarcane drainage water mixed with irrigation water, at three stations (A,C,D) by pumping drainage water at 50, 66 and 60% respectively, and mixing with the irrigation water, 90% of the sugarcane yield was achieved. Station B had the best conditions in comparison to the other stations for recycling; by pumping 70% from drainage water and mixing with 30% irrigation water a 100% sugarcane yield was achieved. The authors conclude that all of these methods are recommended to enhance irrigation water productivity and water application efficiency on Iranian sugarcane farms. Keywords: sugarcane, alternate furrow irrigation, furrow shape, reuse of drainage, cut-off Biography: Mansour Noori Mansour Noori comes from the Province of Khuzestan in the South of Iran. He is the head of the Sugarcane Research Centre in Shushtar, Iran for the Karun Agro Industrial Company. He graduated with an MSc in Agricultural Engineering, with majors and specialisations in Irrigation and Drainage and Soil and Water sciences. He has nineteen years work experience, and fifteen national and six international publications.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT NON-REFEREED PAPER

SOFTWARE FOR EVALUATING SUGARCANE IRRIGATION STRATEGIES DURING DROUGHT SINGELS A1,2,3, PARASKEVOPOULOS AL1 AND MASHABELA ML1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa 3 School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209; South Africa 1

Aresti.Paraskevopoulos@sugar.org.za, Abraham.Singels@sugar.org.za London.Mashabela@sugar.org.za Abstract Irrigation water supply for sugarcane production in South Africa is often limited by drought and managing irrigation under these conditions is complex. A computer program was developed to enable sugarcane farmers to assess the likely impact of their irrigation decisions on crop growth and farm profitability. The MS Excel program uses a crop and water balance model to calculate the impact of specified irrigation strategies on crop yield and survival under assumed future water allocation and climate scenarios. Farm level gross margins (GM), for three consecutive years (Y1, Y2, Y3) are calculated from simulated yields, cost of irrigation applied and production costs at field level. Irrigation strategies that can be explored include: (1) scheduling rules based on growth phase specific soil water thresholds (SWT) of 60, 30 and 20% of water-holding capacity, (2) reducing irrigation amounts, and (3) abandoning low potential fields. Inputs are entered in simple spreadsheets and results are presented in graphical and tabular forms. A case study was conducted for a hypothetical farm in Komatipoort with 18 fields, subjected to four restricted water allocation scenarios differing in severity (50 and 25% of the norm) and duration (24 and 12 months). Results show that using SWT of 30 and 60% for the tillering and stalk growth phases respectively, produced the best farm average yield and GM for each of four water allocation scenarios. Although lower SWT enabled the survival of more fields, it led to substantial reductions in yield and GM in Y1 and Y2. Withholding irrigation on fields that were due to die, increased farm GM in Y2 marginally. Initial results suggest that predictions from the program are realistic, and that it has the potential to aid irrigation decisionmaking during drought to minimise its negative impacts. Further evaluation under diverse scenarios are recommended. Keywords: drought, decision support program, irrigation, gross margin, water allocation, water balance, crop model Biography: Aresti Paraskevopoulos Aresti Paraskevopoulos has been a scientific programmer at SASRI for eleven years. His main focus at SASRI involves development around the CanesimÂŽ sugarcane model and crop forecasting system. He has a BSc Hons in applied mathematics and computer science and received his MSc in bioresources systems at UKZN in 2017. â&#x20AC;&#x192;

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

YOUTH IN AGRICULTURE: SECURING THE FUTURE OF SUGARCANE FARMING IN SOUTH AFRICA DUBE S AND NICHOLSON RJ Kwa-Shukela 170 Flanders Drive Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa sinothando.dube@sacanegrowers.co.za

richard.nicholson@sacanegrowers.co.za

Abstract â&#x20AC;&#x153;By 2050, there will be around 10 billion hungry people in the world and less farmland and resources. We believe there is a need for young leaders to be engaged in finding sustainable agricultural solutions to the growing global need for safe, nutritious food. Only by inspiring our youth to pursue careers in science and agriculture can we continue to advance sustainable and innovative agricultural practices and ensure the security of our future foodâ&#x20AC;? (Youthagsummit, 2017). Young people are the future of farming and their participation in the agricultural sector is crucial for sustainable development. Succession planning is therefore needed to avoid the decline in family farming, poor transfer of knowledge and skills to subsequent generation of farmers (Naamwintome and Bagson, 2013). This study aims to provide the benefits of promoting youth participation in the South African sugar industry; it also aims to identify existing programmes to support youth in agriculture in South Africa, while assessing the extent to which youth in agriculture programs promote future sugarcane farming in South Africa. Lastly, the study will recommend strategies to better promote young future cane farmers. Keywords: youth, agriculture, sugarcane farming, succession planning Biography: Sinothando Dube Ms Sinothando Dube is a Research Economist at South Africa Canegrowers Association. Sinothando is passionate about undertaking new areas of research and aspires to continue contributing to the body of agricultural research in her future career.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

BACK TO BASICS: A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL TO IMPROVE SUGARCANE GROWER SUSTAINABILITY GILLHAM W1, KADWA M1, SMALL B2 AND KOEKEMOER EB3 South African Cane Growers’ Association, 170 Flanders Drive, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 2 RCL Foods Pongola Mill, Pongola, 3170, South Africa

William.Gillham@sacanegrowers.co.za 1Muhammad.Kadwa@sacanegrowers.co.za 2 Brendon.Small@rclfoods.com 3errol@ebknet.co.za

Abstract South African sugarcane growers have experienced a gross margin squeeze over the past decade, mainly due to aboveinflation input cost increases. Simultaneously, cane yields have declined. With limited vertical expansion potential in the value chain, grower focus has been on streamlining input costs. However, there is potential for sugarcane growers to increase their revenue by improving on farm efficiencies. To achieve this, the grower must prioritise opportunities and implement effective changes. This paper focuses on highlighting the potential grower quantifiable gains, using the ‘Back to Basics’ decision support tool. SA Canegrowers, with assistance from SASRI extension on the south coast, developed the Microsoft Excel® based model, which quantifies the benefit of improving 15 on-farm operational activities. Some of these activities include topping height, base cutting, harvest-to-crush-delays, ripening, timing of herbicide application, bundle size, and increased average harvest age. SASRI reported research results are used to determine the conservative potential gains for each activity, which is then converted into monetary terms using the current season RV price. The potential gains for each grower will differ due to economies of scale, as well as varying agronomic and environmental conditions. To consider these differences, the model requires that an individual grower input different farm variables. These include, among others, farm harvest area, cane yield, RV%, planting costs, and harvest costs. A summary table at the end of the model highlights the estimated potential monetary gains that can be attained, if the activity is successfully implemented. Keywords: sugarcane, economics, decision support tool, growers, efficiency, South Africa. Biography: William Gillham William Gillham is the CANEGROWERS Area Manager at Sezela. He obtained a Diploma in Agriculture at Cedara College and has worked in the sugar industry for the past 25 years gaining experience in a wide variety of agronomic spheres and more recently in cane economics. He has performed many administrative functions for growers and industry structures at a local level. These functions include the management of the previous Alexandra Group, now Sezela Cane Growers Association, management of the Sezela Transplant Nursery, Mill Group Board and the Sezela Pest, Disease and Local Variety Control Committee. Mr. Gillham is also a grower delivering his cane to Sezela mill from an area under cane in extent of 272 ha. He also has 9.5 ha planted to Macadamia Trees.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

TYPICAL FARM MODELS: A METHODOLOGY TO BENCHMARK SUGARCANE FARMS LOCALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY NICHOLSON RJ1, VAN DER WESTHUIZEN D2 AND GOUSE M3 Kwa-Shukela 170 Flanders Drive Mount Edgecombe sinothando.dube@sacanegrowers.co.za 2 The Grain Building Agri-hub 411 Witherite Street Pretoria divan.vanderwesthuizen@up.ac.za 3 The Grain Building Agri-hub 411 Witherite Street Pretoria marnus.gouse@up.ac.za 1

Abstract The South African Cane Growers’ Association (SACGA) has since 2012 taken part in the agri benchmark network based at the Thünen Institute of Farm Economics in Germany through the South African network partner, the Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP). With the aim of strengthening the output of the Large-Scale Grower Cost Survey data, SACGA has researched and developed ‘Typical Farm’ models for the North Coast, South Coast, Midlands, Zululand and Mpumalanga regions. Due to this expansion of the South African sugarcane network of farms, SACGA has an industry wide set of models. The methodology employed is used to validate the current cost survey data results from what are called ‘Typical Farms’, which describes a typical farm as a modal farming enterprise under similar conditions with modal characteristics such as size, organisation and practices. Focus groups of growers provide opportunities for additional data collection but also validation of the data, farming or management systems employed in the different cane growing regions. This research methodology, although not new, provides the organisation and the industry with unique insights into the differences in direct farm costs between regions in South Africa. By being part of the global network, international comparisons can also be made. This short paper outlines the methodology used to develop the typical farms as well as providing some examples of how the data can be analysed for better decision making by farmers, SACGA and the industry at large. Keywords: benchmark, network, typical farm, data, analysis, regions Biography: Richard Nicholson Richard J Nicholson is the Economic Research Manager at the South African Canegrowers Association (SACGA). He has been at SACGA for 4 years. He completed all his studies at the University of Pretoria attaining a BSc Agricultural Economics in 2009 followed by a BInst Agrar (Hons) Extension in 2010. He also completed an MSc Agricultural Economics degree in 2014. While completing his Masters, Richard gained a range of experience working in the private sector as an Investment Analyst for an African agricultural investment fund, followed by a business development post at NOSA Agricultural Services developing training and education tools for small-holder farmers, farm managers and agribusinesses in Africa.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

QUANTIFYING THE BENEFIT OF EARLY SEASON CHEMICAL RIPENING AT A MILL SCALE – CASE STUDY OF COMMERCIAL SUGARCANE FIELDS IN THE UMZIMKULU SUPPLY AREA KADWA M1 AND SMALL B2 South African Cane Growers’ Association, 170 Flanders Drive, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 2 RCL Foods, Pongola Mill, Pongola, 3170, South Africa

Muhammad.Kadwa@sacanegrowers.co.za Brendon.Small@rclfoods.com Abstract Chemical ripening of commercially grown sugarcane in South Africa is a well-researched and established method of enhancing sucrose content and reducing non-sucrose content. A search of the literature revealed that there has not been a study quantifying the benefit at a mill supply region scale. The Recoverable Value (RV) payment system used in South Africa incentivises growers to maximise sucrose content while minimising fibre and non-sucrose content in cane produced. The aim of this research was to quantify the benefit of early season chemical ripening for both growers and millers at a mill supply region scale. Quality and yield data obtained from cane samples were analysed from fields that had portions of both ripened and unripened cane. Sampled fields varied in terms of climatic conditions, soil types and depths, varieties, age of cane, ratoon age and topography. The averages of the sampled results were extrapolated to the total ripened area of the mill supply region. The results obtained from this study further demonstrated a significant increase in the RV% of the ripened cane, with an average increase of 2.14 RV percentage units. The estimated net benefit to the sugar value chain from early season ripening was estimated, based on the final 2016/17 Division of Proceeds, at approximately R169/tc, in the Umzimkulu area, for the 2016/17 milling season. Although the work was carried out in the Umzimkulu mill supply area in South Africa, the methodology could also be applied to other sugarcane areas. Keywords: sugarcane, chemical ripeners, recoverable value, cane quality, mill-scale, South Africa Biography: Brendon Small Brendon is currently Manager: Cane Supply and Growers Support at RCL Foods, Pongola. Before that, he was with SASRI in various capacities, ending up as Extension Specialist for the Umzimkulu Mill supply region. This is his first SASTA paper presentation.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

POTASSIUM DYNAMICS IN THE SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FERTILISER RECOMMENDATIONS ELEPHANT DE1,2, MILES N1,2 AND MUCHAONYERWA P2 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa 1

Dimpho.Elephant@sugar.org.za Abstract Globally, in the development of potassium (K) fertiliser recommendations, neither non exchangeable K reserves (reserve-K) nor K fixation are taken into account, due to the difficulties involved in their measurement. However, failure to account for these parameters may contribute to serious inaccuracies in addressing crop K requirements. This study assessed the impacts of including reserve-K and K fixation when developing fertiliser recommendations for sugarcane, and the potential of mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) to estimate these parameters. The investigation involved two field trials on soils with contrasting reserve-K and K fixation capacity, as well as a laboratory study on 132 topsoils, which were also used for the calibration and validation of the MIR results. In field trials, K applications increased sucrose yields on the soil with low K reserves and fixation capacity, but not on a soil with high K reserves and fixation capacity. In the laboratory study, wide variations in reserve K and K fixation capacity, and the relationship between these parameters, were observed. Introducing reserve-K and K fixation factors in the development of fertiliser recommendations resulted in significant reductions in average K requirements. The reserve-K MIR calibration was robust, with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.91 and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) of 3.36, while the calibration for K fixation capacity had r2 of 0.71 and RPD of 1.85. This study points to the potential improvements in the reliability of K recommendations, which would result from the routine measurement of K reserves and fixation capacity by MIR. Keywords: fertiliser recommendations, mid-infrared spectroscopy, potassium fixation, reserve-K, soil K testing, sugarcane Biography: Dimpho Elephant Dimpho has a chemistry background and holds an MSc in Soil Science from the University of KwaZulu-Natal. His BSc Honours and MSc research projects focused on extraction techniques used as a risk assessment tool for waste management and contaminated soils. On completion of his Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s degree, he lectured in soil science at UKZN for two and a half years. In April 2015, Dimpho joined SASRI as an Assistant Research Officer. His responsibilities include providing specialist analytical support to FAS, developing calibrations for leaf analysis using XRF, improving methods for fertiliser and soil analysis, method validations, ensuring quality of analysis, and crop nutrition research. Dimpho is currently working on a PhD involving potassium dynamics in soils and ways of accounting for these in routine soil testing and in the development of fertilizer recommendations.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

COPPER, IRON, MANGANESE AND ZINC IN SOIL AND LEAF SAMPLES FROM SOUTHERN AND EASTERN AFRICAN SUGARCANE-PRODUCING REGIONS TITSHALL LW1,2, MILES N1,2 AND MTHIMKHULU SS1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa 1

Louis.Titshall@sugar.org.za Abstract Copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) are required by plants in low amounts and, depending on soil properties, may become deficient or toxic for crop growth. Limited research has been conducted on micronutrient nutrition in sugarcane, despite losses due to removals in harvests and anecdotal reports of deficiencies becoming more common. This study surveyed the distribution of these micronutrients in soils and investigated the relationships between them and key soil properties from estates in eastern and southern Africa using data from the South African Sugarcane Research Instituteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Fertiliser Advisory Service from 2013 to 2017. Summary and correlation methods were used to investigate patterns. Leaf analyses were also examined for trends. Zinc was frequently below both soil and plant thresholds at all sites. There were numerous instances of soil Cu, Mn and Fe levels near or below the threshold values in all regions. However, leaf data generally did not reflect deficiencies of these nutrients. Relationships between the soil micronutrients and other soil properties were weak and could not be used to predict and recommend management for risk areas. An understanding of the impact of low Zn on cane performance is required to refine current recommendations. It also appears that dust contamination, notably for Fe, is a problem. An industry wide structured sample survey of soil and leaf material (along with production data from sampled fields) from different regions is proposed. This will permit the validity of the soil and leaf thresholds for micronutrients to be investigated and better management recommendations made. Keywords: deficiency, leaf analysis, soil analysis, toxicity, trace elements Biography: Louis Titshall Louis Titshall obtained his PhD in Soil Science in 2008 where he focussed on land application of industrial wastes and degraded land rehabilitation. After his PhD he was employed as a lecturer in Soil Science and, prior to joining SASRI as a Senior Soil Scientist at the beginning of January 2018, he worked in the forestry sector where he was involved in developing soil fertility and sustainability guidelines for commercial forestry. At SASRI he will be involved in developing and refining soil fertility and crop nutrition recommendations and working with FAS to enhance their service offering. He also has a keen interest in soil resource conservation and sustainable agricultural practice, so will play an active role in researching and developing soil health guidelines.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

THE MAGNESIUM STATUS OF SOILS SUPPORTING SUGARCANE PRODUCTION IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN AFRICA MTHIMKHULU SS1, MILES N1.2, BAINBRIDGE SH3, MANSON AD3 AND TITSHALL LW1,2 South Africa Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa 3 KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, P/Bag X9059, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa 1

Sandile.Mthimkhulu@sugar.org.za Abstract Magnesium (Mg) is an essential plant macronutrient which plays a central role in the process of photosynthesis. Excess Mg in soils, however, contributes to structural instability which promotes soil crusting and erosion, and also restricts nutrient uptake. Using a previously published classification nomogram, the database of the South African Sugarcane Research Institute’s Fertiliser Advisory Service (FAS) was used to assess the soil Mg status in southern and central African sugarcane producing soils. The nomogram, using exchangeable Mg (EMg) levels and exchangeable Mg percentage (EMgP) as criteria, classifies soils with >20 cmolc kg-1 exchangeable Mg and >40% EMgP as ‘very magnesic’ while those with between 2 and 20 cmolc kg-1 Mg and >40% EMgP are considered ‘magnesic’. Below an EMg of 2 cmolckg-1, a soil is ‘magnesic’, depending on the ratio of EMgP to EMg. In South Africa, magnesic soils occur mainly in the irrigated region, where Malelane had the highest percentage of magnesic (14%) soils compared to the other irrigated regions. In the rainfed regions of South Africa, Zululand North had the greatest proportion of magnesic soils (5% of samples from this region), while many soils in the other rainfed areas also had potentially excessive levels of Mg. For other African countries, less than 5% of the soils analysed were magnesic. The findings of this study highlight the extent of the soil magnesicity problem in and outside South Africa, and possible remedial measures, such as the appropriate use of gypsum and lime, are afforded consideration. Keywords: magnesic, magnesium, nutrients, gypsum, sodic soils, soil structure Biography: Sandile Mthimkhulu Sandile holds a PhD in Soil Science from the University of KwaZulu-Natal. His PhD research project focused on the response of soil physico-chemical properties to long-term fertilizer and sugarcane residue management. Sandile joined SASRI as an Assistant Research Officer in January 2016. His current research project is on “Field calibration of soil P (Resin) tests for the sugar industry”.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

USING ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION DATA TO ESTIMATE ABRUPT CHANGES IN SOIL CLAY CONTENT WITH DEPTH VAN ANTWERPEN R1,2, BARNARD JH2 AND VAN RENSBURG LD2 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa; 2 Department of Soil, Crops and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

Rianto.van.antwerpen@sugar.org.za Abstract Soil surveys for precision agriculture (PA) based on grid point (GP) sampling are notoriously slow and expensive. Surveys conducted with electromagnetic induction (EMI) technology are far more time efficient compared to the GP sampling method and the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) values obtained are known to relate to a number of soil properties including clay content. The objective of this paper is to propose a relatively simple method to detect abrupt change of clay content with depth from ECa data. Soil surveys were conducted on four sites using the conventional GP and EMI methods. At each grid point soil samples were collected at depths of 0.15-0.30, 0.55-0.70 and 1.15-1.30 m and analysed for clay, silt and sand contents. The EMI survey was conducted with an EM38-MK2 instrument used in both the horizontal and vertical orientations to obtain ECa data for three soil layers, i.e. 0-0.38, 0 0.75 and 0-1.50 m. Differences between depth intervals were interpreted using standard deviations, and the results compared for consistency between clay content and ECa data. Out of a total of 12 estimates, clay content and ECa data led to the same conclusion 10 times (the presence or absence of an abrupt change in clay content with depth). Where they differed, the sum of the standard deviation of the depths compared was smaller than the ECa differences for those depths. The proposed method is useful to add value to EMI data, identifying soils with a duplex character which require a higher level of management. Keywords: abrupt change, apparent electrical conductivity, clay content, electromagnetic induction Biography: Rianto van Antwerpen Rianto has been a soil scientist at SASRI since 1990. He has been involved in many projects over the years including modelling of root growth, vertical mulching and ridging, soil compaction and controlled traffic, soil salinity and sodicity, CMS and other organic ameliorants, green manuring and soil health assessment. He is currently a senior soil scientist and manager of the Systems Design and Optimisation programme at SASRI.

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SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

POSTER SUMMARY

LEAF NITROGEN ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF CRITICAL CONCENTRATIONS THROUGH THE INCLUSION OF CROP BIOMASS POSWA LZ1 AND MILES N1,2 2

1 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3610, South Africa

lwazi.poswa@sugar.org.za Abstract Leaf analysis is widely used for sugarcane nitrogen (N) management since difficulties are associated with the accurate diagnosis of crop N requirements and status through soil testing. However, it is known that leaf N concentrations decline sharply with advancing crop age (biomass accumulation) and this phenomenon introduces uncertainties in terms of identifying threshold (critical) values for interpretive purposes. Currently, in order to minimise the complications of ageing effects on the interpretation of data, specific ranges in physiological age are stipulated for the taking of leaf samples. However, a method of more accurately accommodating the effects of age on critical N concentrations is urgently required and is the focus of this paper. Field N response trials were established in the rainfed and irrigated regions of the South African sugar industry and data were collected for two crops from each trial. Leaf sample composition and biomass measurements were undertaken from crop ages of three to seven months. Critical N concentrations were established from relationships between leaf N concentrations and final stalk yields. Critical N values established at each sampling event were also related to stalk biomass. It was found that critical N values declined exponentially with increasing biomass (R2=0.73 for the irrigated region, R2=0.77 for the rainfed cane and for combined data R2=0.74). These findings point to the potential for improving the reliability of the interpretive process for leaf N through the inclusion of estimates of stalk biomass at the time of sampling. Keywords: sugarcane, leaf analysis, nitrogen, biomass accumulation, critical nutrient concentrations, crop age Biography: Lwazi Poswa Mr Lwazi Zukisa Poswa is an Assistant Research Officer (Soils) at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute. He joined the sugarcane industry in 2013 as a SASRI employee from Cedara. He studied his BSc. Agric and Honours in Soil Science at the University of Fort Hare and completed his Masters in Soil Science at the University of KwaZulu-Natal 2016.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

LOCATION AND CROP-YEAR EFFECTS ON PARENT SELECTION FOR ELDANA SACCHARINA RESISTANCE LICHAKANE M AND ZHOU MM South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa Moipei.Lichakane@sugar.org.za

Marvellous.Zhou@sugar.org.za

Abstract The stem borer, Eldana saccharina (eldana) is widespread in South Africa and causes approximately R1 billion loss to the industry per annum. Cultivation of resistant varieties forms part of an integrated pest management system. Parent evaluation information can be used to improve breeding and crossing efficiency because only resistant parents will be selected for crossing to generate resistant progenies. The objective of this study was to evaluate location and seasonal effects on eldana damage of progenies from selected parents. Data for percent bored stalks (PBS) were collected in the plant, first and second ratoon crops of 44 families planted to three replications at five locations. Highly significant female (F=9.27, P<0.0001) and male (F=3.67, P<0.0001) effects indicated high genetic differences for female and male parents. The location by female (F=2.84, P>0.0001) and location by male (F=1.73, P>0.0001) interaction effects were highly significant, indicating location specific parental selection. The results mean that it is possible to select parents specific to a breeding programme for resistance breeding. Highly significant interaction between crop by female (F=4.44, P>0.0001) and between crop by male effects (F=3.19, P>0.0001) indicated that progenies had different damage levels in different crop years. This may be attributed to seasonal effects because the trials were grown during drought seasons which can result in elevated eldana damage levels. The three- way interaction between location by crop by female (F=5.51, P>0.0001) and location by crop by male effects were highly significant (F=3.22, P>0.0001). The results highlighted that resistant parents can be selected for different breeding programmes and will be used to generate families with low eldana damage in breeding for resistance. Keywords: eldana resistance, genotype by environment, female effects, crop effects, seasonal effects, PBS Biography: Moipei Lichakane Miss Moipei Lichakane is a Plant Breeder at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute. Before joining SASRI in 2011, she worked as a Researcher in maize for the Agricultural Research Council and Monsanto. She graduated from the University of Free State with an MSc Agric (Plant Breeding).

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SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

EVALUATING BREEDING VALUES OF GENOTYPES IN SUGARCANE BREEDING USING BEST LINEAR UNBIASED PREDICTION (BLUP) MBUMA NW1,2, ZHOU MM1,2,3 AND VAN DER MERWE R2 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 2 University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa 3 School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UKZN, Pietermaritzburg

VanDerMerweR@ufs.ac.za Ntombi.Mbuma@sugar.org.za Marvellous.Zhou@sugar.org.za Abstract Breeding values (BV) refer to the ability of a genotype to produce progenies with high trait values when crossed with other genotypes and are used to predict the breeding performance of parental genotypes in sugarcane breeding. The objective of this study was to use best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) to determine breeding values of parental genotypes for cane yield. Data were collected from a family evaluation trial planted in the Midlands on sandy soil in 2013. The families consisted of 31 female and 19 male parents. Cane yield was estimated from stalk numbers, height and diameter measured from the first 20 progenies per plot. BLUP analysis, which provides comparison of genotypes to population means, was done using SAS mixed models. There were significant female (P=0.0019) and male (P=0.0093) variances which indicated that the large genetic variability among progenies was associated with parents. Female parents 02S1314 (2.87, P<0.0001), 85H0428 (1.82, P=0.0057), 02S0674 (1.75, P=0.0004) and male parents B74713 (6.48, P<0.0001), 02B1047 (3.04, P=0.0031), and 99S1504 (1.84, P=0.0244) had significantly higher BV suggesting the ability to produce high yielding progenies. Female parent 85H0428 had higher BV when crossed with parents derived from Midlands humic soil (3.31, P<0.0001) and coastal long average potential (3.47, P=0.005) regions, suggesting broad general combining ability and BV. Male parent B74713 had significantly higher BV when crossed with parents derived from irrigated (5.00, P<0.0001) and coastal (1.88 to 4.62, P<0.05) regions, suggesting wider general combining ability. BLUP analysis successfully identified parents with high BV across breeding programmes. Keywords: breeding values, parents, progenies, sugarcane yield Biography: Ntombi Mbuma Ntombokulunga â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ntombiâ&#x20AC;? Mbuma has a BSc Biochemistry, BSc Agriculture honours in Plant Breeding, MSc Agriculture in Plant Breeding from University of the Free State (UFS). She is currently a full-time doctoral student at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI) and registered with the UFS, where she is developing statistical methods to improve the efficiency of sugarcane variety breeding for the South African sugar industry.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS AMONG CANE QUALITY TRAITS MEASURED FROM UNSELECTED SUGARCANE BREEDING FAMILY PLOTS MISHASHA T1,2, ZHOU MM1,2,3 and VAN DER MERWE R 2 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa 2 University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa 3 University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa

Tondani.Mishasha@sugar.org.za VandermerweR@ufs.ac.za Corresponding: Marvellous.zhou@sugar.org.za Abstract Phenotypic correlations provide knowledge on trait interrelationships and potential for indirect selection in plant breeding. The objective of this study was to estimate the phenotypic correlations among quality traits in sugarcane breeding. Data for quality traits were measured from 20 stalks randomly chosen from the first 20 sub-plots of sugarcane families planted in two trials. The trials were laid out as randomised complete block designs with three replications at the Empangeni research station. Pearsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s correlation analysis was done using Proc CORR in the statistical analysis system. Estimable recoverable crystal (ERC) % cane had significant (P<0.0001) correlation with Brix % cane (r>0.86), Pol % cane (r=0.99), BrixDM % cane (r=0.54), Purity % (r>0.86), and dry matter (DM) % cane (r>0.46), showing strong associations among sucrose traits. Because of the high associations with other sucrose traits, Brix measured using a hand-held refractometer could reduce costs associated with mill room analysis. Fibre % cane had significant (P<0.05) negative correlations with ERC % cane (r> 0.16), Pol % cane (r>-0.21), Brix % cane (r>-0.37) and BrixDM % cane (r>-0.90), indicating a decrease in sucrose content with an increase in fibre. However, Fibre % cane had a significant (P<0.0001) correlation with Purity % (r>0.46) and DM % cane (r=0.74), resulting from the coincidental increase in fibre with crop maturity. A low correlation between Brix and Purity (r>0.39) suggested a low prediction of maturity using hand-held refractometer measurements in unselected progenies in sugarcane family plots. Refractometer Brix will provide more progeny data and reduce costs of sucrose measurement. Keywords: phenotypic correlation, Pearson, Spearman, sugarcane, quality traits Biography: Tondani Mishasha Tondani Mishasha completed her degree in BSc Botany and plant breeding in 2015 and BSc Agric Honours in plant breeding in 2016 at UFS. She is currently studying towards her MSc degree at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI), and is registered at University of the Free State (UFS). Her research is based on improving sugarcane quality traits through family evaluation.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

EFFECT OF FIBRE CONTENT AND SELF-TRASHING TRAITS ON ELDANA SACCHARINA WALKER STALK BORER DAMAGE IN SUGARCANE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RESISTANCE BREEDING NXUMALO PD1 AND ZHOU MM1,2,3 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa University of the Free State, Plant Sciences Department, Breeding Division, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa 3 University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa 1

Phumla.Nxumalo@sugar.org.za Marvellous.Zhou@sugar.org.za Abstract Eldana saccharina (eldana) is the most destructive sugarcane stalk borer in South Africa causing losses estimated at R1 billion per annum. Breeding for resistance complements integrated eldana control strategies. Self-trashing is expected to reduce oviposition sites thus exposing eggs and larvae to predators while high fibre content (>14%) is expected to restrict larval feeding. The study aims to determine the effect of self-trashing and fibre on eldana damage and evaluate implications for resistance breeding. Data on number of bored stalks per genotype were collected from a Stage II trial (TSL16) planted at the SASRI Empangeni Research Station. Significant (F=1.86, P<0.0001) family effects were observed for eldana damage indicating genetic differences among families. Highly significant (F=4.05, P<0.0001) family effects were observed for fibre, while those of self-trashing were marginally significant (F=1.19, P=0.1046) indicating that selection for high fibre and high self-trashing families was possible. Simple linear regression showed a highly significant (P<0.0001) negative association representing 0.41% and 0.34% decrease in the number of bored stalks with every unit increase in self-trashing and fibre, respectively. Multiple linear regression showed highly significant (P<0.0001) 0.31% (self-trashing) and 0.33% (fibre) decreases in numbers of bored stalks, indicating a higher decrease in eldana damage when both high fibre and high self-trashing were present. Results suggest possible genetic independence between fibre and self-trashing, indicating that both traits can be selected simultaneously during breeding. Additive effects between fibre and self-trashing will accelerate breeding and selection for eldana resistance. Further studies will determine the genetic interactions with commercial traits. Keywords: Eldana saccharina, resistance, sugarcane, self-trashing, breeding, fibre content Biography: Phumla Nxumalo Phumla Nxumalo is a Selection Officer at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI). Prior to this, she worked as a Crossing Officer in the Plant Breeding Department and Research Assistant within the South African Sugarcane Research Institute. Phumla received both her BSc (Biological Sciences) and MSc (Biology) degrees from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (UKZN). During this period, she has also had a chance to do an internship and Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s thesis at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

LOCATION AND SEASONAL EFFECTS ON GENOTYPE SMUT (SPORISORIUM SCITAMINEUM) INFECTION LEVELS AMONG IRRIGATED SUGARCANE BREEDING TRIALS IN SOUTH AFRICA ZHOU MM1,2,3 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mt Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UKZN, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa 3 Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa 1

Marvellous.Zhou@sugar.org.za Abstract Smut (Sporisorium scitamineum, formerly Ustilago scitaminea) is one of the main diseases of sugarcane in Southern Africa and causes yield losses of 0.25 to 0.75% for every 1% infested stools. Breeding resistant cultivars is part of integrated smut disease management. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of location and season on genotype smut infection among irrigated breeding trials. Data for smut infected stools and smut whips collected from early and late season trials at Pongola and Mpumalanga research stations were analysed using linear mixed models. There were significant (P<0.001) location, season, location by season interaction, genotype, genotype by location, genotype by season and genotype by location by season interaction effects for infected stools and whips. Broad sense heritability in late season averaged 0.89 compared with 0.61 in early season, while that for Mpumalanga (0.79) was higher than for Pongola (0.69) indicating higher selection efficiency in late season Mpumalanga trials. Genotypes had significantly (P<0.001) higher infected stools and whips at Mpumalanga than in Pongola and in late rather than early season trials. Mpumalanga late season trials had significantly (P<0.001) higher infected stools and whips than Pongola late season trials, suggesting a need to establish late season screening trials in Mpumalanga. Genotype 09F2517 with no whips in Pongola had six whips in early trials and 25 whips in late trials in Mpumalanga, while 10F2307 with two whips in Pongola had 77 whips in Mpumalanga. Establishing smut-screening trials in Mpumalanga would increase screening efficiency and validate Pongola smut ratings. Keywords: Smut resistance breeding, early and late season, infected stools, smut whips Biography: Marvellous Zhou Marvellous Zhou is a Senior Plant Breeder and Plant Breeding Project Manager at SASRI and Associate Professor in the Department of Plant Breeding, University of the Free State. He is NRF rated C1 level scientist. Before joining SASRI, he was a Plant Breeder at the Zimbabwe Sugar Association Experiment Station and later PhD Research Fellow in the Sugarcane Genetics Laboratory at Louisiana State University. He graduated from the University of Zimbabwe with a BSc Agriculture Honours, MSc Agriculture from the University of Natal, Masters in Applied Statistics and PhD (Plant Breeding and Genetics) from Louisiana State University. He has published extensively in peer reviewed journals, refereed conference proceedings, book chapters and presented at several conferences including CSSA, SASTA, ISSCT, ASSCT, ASA, SAPBA, SAGS, and EUCARPIA. His research interest includes optimising plant breeding programmes, Plant Breeding methodology, Quantitative genetics and Applied statistics. He mentors MSc, PhD students and Plant Breeders.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

POSTER SUMMARY

SUGARCANE IN VITRO GERMPLASM CONSERVATION BANASIAK M1 AND SNYMAN SJ1,2 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, 170 Flanders Drive, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa 2 School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa

marzena.banasiak@sugar.org.za

sandy.snyman@sugar.org.za

Abstract As sugarcane is vegetatively propagated, germplasm collections of commercial lines and ancestral breeding material are maintained in the field. These valuable assemblages are costly to maintain and vulnerable to environmental hazards. Consequently, ex situ conservation options have been developed using in vitro storage methodologies through slow growth and cryopreservation. For medium-term storage (i.e. a few years) in vitro plantlets of sugarcane cultivar NCo310 were maintained in slow growth conditions at both 18°C and 24°C and on four semi-solid media: (i) SG1-Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins with 20g L-1 sucrose; (ii) SG2-½MS with 10 g L-1 sucrose; (iii) SG3-MS with 20 g L-1 sucrose and 1 mg L-1 abscisic acid (ABA); and (iv) SG4-½MS with 10 g L-1 sucrose and 1 mg L-1 ABA. At 18°C, all media supported storage for 48 months with sub-culturing every 12 months. Shoot multiplication post-retrieval was significantly higher on the SG2 medium compared with the non-stored control (362 ± 84 and 126 ± 26 shoots per recovered shoot after two months, respectively). In addition, shoots could be maintained for 48 months on SG2 medium with one subculture without compromising post-storage multiplication ability. At 24°C, storage on all four media supported recovery and multiplication of shoots for eight months. Cryopreservation (i.e. long-term storage at -196°C) of cultivar NCo376 in vitro-derived shoot meristems using the V-cryo-plate method demonstrated survival rates of 41.7 ± 4.8 to 69.4 ± 10%. Both the above storage methods are being used to conserve valuable germplasm at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute. Keywords: minimal growth, slow growth, cryopreservation, apical meristem, shoot retrieval, shoot multiplication Biography: Marzena Banasiak Marzena joined the South African Sugarcane Research Institute in 2006, initially on a part-time basis, as a tissue culture specialist in the Biotechnology Department. Her research was focused on the production of virus-free tissue culture plants and the development of medium and long-term storage options for sugarcane germplasm. Currently she manages the NovaCane® Laboratory, which is responsible for micropropagation of newly released varieties for the industry.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

POST-RELEASE VARIETY TESTING: A KEY ACTIVITY TO ENSURE COMMERCIAL VALUE OF GENETIC IMPROVEMENTS RAMBURAN S South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa Division of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa 1

Sanesh.Ramburan@sugar.org.za Abstract Post-release variety testing has been a core feature of SASRIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s activities over the last 40 years. This paper reviews the value added from such activities with regard to variety adoption and return on industry investment. Sugarcane post-release testing is unique to South Africa and to date has been conducted separately from the plant breeding project. The testing network engages grower co-operators in a participatory approach. Examples of how knowledge exchange activities have influenced variety adoption trends are illustrated. The contribution of trials to variety adoption is illustrated through a survey of extension specialist opinions. Current limitations to variety adoption are discussed in relation to existing efforts and future plans. Estimates of genetic gains calculated from post-release trials will be presented and used to determine economic impacts of slow variety adoption. A comparison with production data from commercial estates shows that variety trials are good predictors of commercial performance. Examples of specific variety adaptabilities identified through trials highlight the complementary nature of post-release testing to the plant breeding project. The contribution of this testing network to the rationalisation of industry breeding strategies is discussed. A robust trial database allows for regular data mining exercises aimed at addressing key agronomic questions for the industry. Trial numbers and varieties per trial show increasing trends, highlighting the increasing need for local knowledge of variety performance and recognition of value derived. In recognition of such value and the need to sustain activities, post-release testing has been incorporated into the core activities of the plant breeding programme. Keywords: post-release trials, sugarcane, variety adoption Biography: Sanesh Ramburan Sanesh Ramburan is a Senior Crop Scientist (Variety Evaluation) at SASRI. His research focuses on variety evaluation under different environmental conditions and management practices. He manages projects dealing with variety interactions with agronomic factors, including the effects of abiotic stresses and genotype by environment interactions. He is lead author of more than 25 peer-reviewed publications. He is a past president of the South African Society of Crop Production, a committee member of the ISSCT Agronomy Commission, and a member of the Editorial Board for two international scientific journals. He holds an MSc Agric. from UKZN and a PhD in plant breeding from the University of the Free State.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

POSTER SUMMARY

MODELLING SUGARCANE YIELDS AND REDUCED GROWTH PHENOMENON UNDER HIGH INPUT CONDITIONS IN TROPICAL BRAZIL DIAS HB1, INMAN-BAMBER NG2, BERMEJO R3,4, SENTELHAS PC1 1

University of São Paulo, ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ College of Agriculture, 11 Pádua Dias Avenue, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil 2 James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia 3 Terracal Alimentos e Bioenergia, Barra da Tijuca, 22640-100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 4 Alvean, Sao Paulo, Brazil henrique.boriolo.dias@usp.br geoff.inmanbamber@gmail.com rodrigo.bermejo@alvean.com pcsentel.esalq@usp.br

Abstract The sugarcane industry in Brazil is based largely in the south (>18°S) but has recently extended closer to the equator (<10°S), where there is a dearth of published information on the growth and yield of sugarcane. Long rain-free periods may permit long harvest seasons and so allow many options to optimise cane and sucrose yield through choice of variety, planting and harvest dates. A replicated experiment with six varieties, six planting dates, and three harvest ages was carried out at the Agro-Industrial Complex of Terracal, Guadalupe, Piauí State (6.6°S), aiming to inform such an optimisation process. Non-limiting water and nutrients were provided through subsurface fertigation. Photosynthetically active radiation interception (PARi), stalk dry mass (SDMy) and cane yield (CY) were measured. Mean yields at 8, 11.5 and 15 months were 40.1, 49.9 and 69.2 t/ ha for SDMy and 172.0, 200.5, 235.7 t/ha for CY respectively. The high yield at eight months was explained using the APSIM-Sugar model after making substantial adjustments to account for the rapid increase in PARi after planting. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) in the model was the same as for worldwide varieties at this stage, however RUE had to be reduced after eight months to account for yields at 11.5 and 15 months. The adjustments to the model, including reduced RUE, were validated through an independent series of experiments providing confirmation that changes to APSIM to account for rapid canopy development and growth slowdown, are widely applicable. The high yields were explained by high but not excessive temperatures, resulting in the efficient capture of PAR. PARi and yields were increased further by planting earlier rather than later in the year. Keywords: Saccharum spp., APSIM-sugar, crop models, modelling, photosynthetically active radiation interception Biography: Henrique Dias Mr Henrique Dias is an agronomist and completed his MSc in 2016 at “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Currently, he is a PhD student at the same College and is a Visiting Research Student at James Cook University, Australia. Since the final of his graduate course in 2013, he has been dedicated to study and apply agrometeorology and crop models to support planning, decision-making process and sustainability in agriculture, especially for sugarcane crop/industry in Brazil.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

POSTER SUMMARY

GENOTYPE BY REGION INTERACTIONS OF RELEASED SUGARCANE VARIETIES IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INDUSTRY DUMA SW1, RAMBURAN S1,2 AND HUSSEIN S1 School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa 2 South African Sugarcane Research Institute, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa

Chillexor@gmail.com Abstract Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) yields in South Africa are largely affected by genotype by environment interactions (GEI). The objective of this study was to investigate the nature of genotype x region interactions among selected sugarcane genotypes based on regional evaluation trials to inform future testing strategies. Eleven sugarcane hybrids were evaluated across five regions of the industry, including the Midlands (M), Hinterland (H), South Coast (S), North Coast (N) and Irrigated North (I). Sugarcane genotypes were tested using a randomised complete block design with four replications in each trial and harvested over three to five crops. Data were collected for cane yield (TCANE), estimated recoverable crystal content (ERC), and ERC yield (TERC). Data were analysed using combined analysis of variance, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype plus genotype by environment (GGE) bi-plot analyses. Significant (P<0.001) effects of genotypes, locations, crop year and their interactions were found for all three traits. Genotype x location contributed more to variation than genotype x crop. The AMMI bi-plot revealed differential genotype interactions with regions and showed that the M and H regions discriminated genotypes similarly. Results from AMMI were in agreement with GGE bi-plot in terms of site discriminating ability, genotype mean performance and stability. The GGE bi-plot identified two mega-environments (MGE) for the industry, with MGE1 comprising the M and H regions and MGE2 comprising the S, N and I regions. This preliminary study is the first to have identified two broad regional groupings in the industry, and this may have implications on breeding strategies. Keywords: additive main effect and multiplicative interaction, genotype by environment interaction, GGE biplot analysis, adaptability, stability, mega-environment Biography: Sbongeleni Duma Sbongeleni Duma, a graduate student from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, started his career in 2013 as an undergraduate, where he studied agricultural sciences at the University of KwaZuluNatal. He completed his first degree in 2015, and continued to his Honours degree in 2016, which he completed in crop production and plant breeding. The Honours research was based on assessing the genetic gains and yield components in maize. Sbongeleni is currently enrolled for an MSc degree at UKZN, working on G x E interactions in sugarcane. His goal is to have a broadbased career that includes teaching, research, trial management responsibilities and developing effective breeding programs for future use.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

POSTER SUMMARY

USEFULNESS OF SOIL APPARENT ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY (ECa) AS AN INDICATOR OF CANE YIELD IN PLANT BREEDING PLOTS THOMPSON IB, VAN ANTWERPEN R, ZHOU MM, MCHUNU LN, MCHUNU M, KUBHEKA P, JALISA M, MAKHAYE A AND COLLINGS K South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa ingrid.thompson@sugar.org.za Abstract The South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI) conducts plant breeding research and selection on its Research Stations (RS), which are representative of selected climatic regions in the South African sugar industry. Soils across these sites and at field level are variable, which impacts on trial results. Currently, RS are mapped at field level based on soil parent material (SPM) and terrain. Additionally, soil form and total profile available water are available for some RS fields. When conducting a trial, meaningful soil information is required for each plot within a trial. SPM is too coarse to reflect soil properties of plots. Intensive soil sampling is necessary to link soil properties to plots; however, this is costly and time consuming. Since electrical conductivity (ECa) in soils is influenced by many soil properties including soil water, clay and organic matter content, its measurement was identified as a potential alternative indicator of the soil properties. The aim of the project was to assess the usefulness of soil apparent ECa to explain the degree of variation in cane yield between plant breeding plots at the Gingindlovu RS. The EM38-MK2 instrument, linked to a high accuracy global positioning system (GPS), was used to map ECa of soils in each field. The survey paths were five metres apart; logging ECa and GPS data at one second intervals. An average of 2400 paired data points were collected per hectare. The ECa data were interpolated in ArcGIS using the Kriging method. The resulting ECa surface map was used to allocate ECa values to each trial plot using zonal statistics. The correlation between ECa values and stalk yield per plot was significant (r2=0.82). For SASRI, EMI is a quick and cost-effective method of obtaining ECa data for all RS, which can be used to plan randomisation of trial treatments more effectively to map soil variability in RS. Keywords: apparent electrical conductivity, GIS, plant breeding, field trials, research station, soil properties Biography: Ingrid Thompson Ingrid B. Thompson is a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) specialist at SASRI. Ingrid has been with SASRI since 2007 providing a mapping service to Extension and Research; introducing a spatial dimension to data where it is deemed crucial. She has a Masters in Science from the University of KwaZulu Natal where she quantified forest biochemical and measured leaf area index using hyperspectral imagery and GIS. Ingrid has a BSoc Scie in Geographical Sciences majoring in GIS and RS and a BSc in Plant Biotechnology from UKZN. Ingrid previously worked for CSIR as a junior research officer where she was investigating the use of hyperspectral imagery for forest management.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED PAPER

PRESSURE HEAD AS A MEASURE OF JUICE HOLDUP IN A CANE DIFFUSER BED: EVALUATION ON A PLANT SCALE ANGEL DM1, LOVE DJ2, JENSEN P2 AND SELEGHIM P1 University of São Paulo, Av. Trab. São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, Brazil 2 Tongaat Hulett, 1 Amanzimnyama Hill Road, Tongaat, South Africa

diana.angel@usp.br dave.love@tongaat.com paul.jensen@tongaat.com seleghim@sc.usp.br Abstract To improve the extraction process in a cane diffuser, it is necessary to keep the percolation rates close to the maximum. To achieve this, the liquid flow rates in a stage-wise counter-current cane diffuser must be monitored and controlled through the automation of the spray position responsible for distributing the liquid onto the bed surface according to the settings selected. Currently, the liquid holdup is controlled by inspection at the sight glasses installed at points along the diffuser. The limitation of this measure is due to the manual collection of data and the sampling time. Therefore this method in practice is not ideal. Many of the conventional methods to measure the liquid level are not suitable for this application. Some researchers introduced new methodologies which used pressure transmitters to measure the pressure head. However, the results were particularly noisy and questionable, and this method was therefore not widely adopted. No subsequent work has been registered that validates or invalidates these results. The aim of this short paper is to test the viability of using a pressure manometer to assess the liquid holdup in a cane diffuser bed. To achieve this purpose, the pressure head was measured on a plant scale at the Maidstone factory in a Tongaat Hulett diffuser. The experimental data was compared with the theoretical pressure head computed using Darcy´s equations. Keywords: permeability, holdup, flooding, full-scale test, hydrostatic head Biography: Diana Angel Diana Angel completed her MSc in Energy at the University Federal ABC - Brazil in 2014 and her BSc in Physics at the National Pedagogical University – Colombia in 2010. Currently, she is a doctoral candidate in Mechanical Engineering at the University of São Paulo. She is a member of the research group of the Center for Thermal and Fluids Engineering - NETeF, which articulates academic knowledge with the development of industrial projects. Her research interests include renewable energy, biomass conversion, thermal and multiphase flow industrial processes and efficient sugar extraction.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DOUBLE HEADSHAFT, MOVING CHAIN DIFFUSER: DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND PERFORMANCE JENSEN PS AND SMITH L Tongaat Hulett Technology group, PO Box 3, Tongaat, 4400, South Africa paul.jensen@tongaat.com

leon.smith@tongaat.com

Abstract The trend towards larger extraction lines requires the use of wider diffusers. The widest diffusers installed in the southern African industry are the 12 m wide Tongaat Hulett (TH) diffusers at Felixton factory. A moving chain diffuser is essentially a large slat conveyer which drags cane fibre slowly across a perforated screen, allowing sucrose to be separated from the fibre through counter current washing. The torque and bending moment on the headshaft increases non-linearly with the width of the diffuser, making it both impractical and expensive to substantially increase the size of current chain diffusers. For this reason, TH has developed a new chain diffuser design, replacing the single headshaft with two separately driven headshafts. The double headshaft design will permit cost-effective chain diffusers up to a width of 22 m to be constructed. This paper discusses the design, installation and performance of the latest TH double headshaft 14 m wide diffuser which was installed in 2018 at Korach Industries factory in Phimai, Thailand. Keywords: diffusion, bagasse diffuser, headshaft, extraction, crushing capacity Biography: Paul Jensen Paul started in the sugar industry in 2006 with Tongaat Huletts. He left the sugar industry for 3 years while living in Norway, and upon returning in 2011 he joined the SMRIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s research team. In 2015 he rejoined Tongaat Hulett in their Technology group, where he has been involved in both operations support and new technology development.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

SIMULATION OF MULTI-STAGE DIFFUSERS: CONNECTIONS AMONG STAGES THAT FAVOURS THE SYSTEM’S OPTIMALITY BARBOSA LNSB1, SELEGHIM P2 AND SANTIAGO PA 2 Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil 2 São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil

larissa.snsb@gmail.com

seleghim@sc.usp.br

pamarasantiago@gmail.com

Abstract In this paper, a model for the simulation of an extraction process in a multi-stage diffuser was developed considering the possibility of connection among all diffuser stages. Multi-objective optimisations in two specific operating conditions (i.e. a typical operating condition and a flooding regime condition) were performed, varying randomly the connections among the extraction stages. Results show that new connections among the diffuser stages can optimise the extraction process. Considering the optimisation under typical operating conditions, the optimized diffuser results in recirculation of the fluid to the same stage in 8 out of 10 stages of the diffuser. In addition, 7 out of 10 stages of the diffuser were also connected to previous stages. The new configuration of the diffuser can decrease the solute concentration in the biomass by 13% and increase the solute concentration in the extracted juice by 2%. In the case of the optimisation of the diffuser operating under a flooding regime, the results show that this condition can be reversed if new connections among the stages are considered. Keywords: diffusers, connections among stages, multiobjective optimisation, recirculation, extraction efficiency Biography: Larissa Noel Barbosa As a PhD student in Bioenergy at University of São Paulo (USP), Larissa develops projects related to bioenergy and renewable energy for Brazil and South America. Her PhD is on the modelling, simulation and optimization of multi-stage industrial diffusers. In 2014, she worked in the Neocarbon energy project at VTT technical research centre of Finland, where she developed studies related to 100% renewable energy systems for South America and the production of synthetic fuels in sugarcane ethanol mills through the recycling of CO2 from fermentation and bagasse combustion. Previously, she had completed her academic degree in Chemical Engineering at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with research experience in Chemical Engineering topics. Larissa has also a Post-Graduation in Instrumentation and Industrial Automation with an extensive working experience as a project engineer in one of the companies of the Siemens group.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

THE LONG AND SHORT OF CVP TUBES MOOR BStC1, RAGHUNUNDAN A2 AND RAMARU R1 Bosch Projects, PO Box 2009, Durban, 4000, South Africa Illovo Sugar Proprietary Limited, PO Box 194, Durban, 4000 1

MoorB@boschprojects.co.za RamaruR@boschprojects.co.za ARaghunandan@illovo.co.za Abstract It has long been recognised that short tubes – preferably from 600 to a maximum of 1 200 mm long – are required for good performance in batch pans. There are sound reasons for this. With the advent of vertical tube continuous vacuum pans (CVPs), this lore of short tubes has been widely extrapolated also to apply to these vessels. However, the main reason why short tubes are needed in batch pans does not apply in CVPs. Indeed, for a good circulation profile and reduced cost of construction, longer tubes are desirable, but some technologists have resisted long tubes because of the batch pan theory and because of pilot plant research by Rouillard in 1985. In this paper, the theory of boiling in pan tubes is revisited. Thereafter, Rouillard’s results for 1 000, 1 400 and 1 800 mm tubes are compared with practical results from a number of short tube (≤1 500 mm) and longer tube (1 700 mm) commercial CVPs. Conclusions are that: • • •

The commercial CVPs achieve heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) 30% to 200% higher than those of Rouillard. The differences are greatest for the long tube (1700 mm) pans. The long tubes perform as well as or better than the shorter tubes.

Rouillard’s pilot plant HTCs are so much lower than the commercial values that his tube length conclusions should be disregarded. A possible reason is offered for the large differences. An intuitive explanation is proposed as to why long tubes perform well. Keywords: pan tubes, boiling in pans, boiling point elevation, pan HTCs, continuous pans, CVP design. Biography: Bruce Moor Bruce is a registered Professional Engineer. He has a BSc Mechanical Engineering degree from Natal University and a BA (Economics) from Cambridge. He joined the sugar industry as a pupil engineer with Tongaat in 1964 and progressed to Technical Director of Tongaat Hulett Sugar before opting for early retirement in 1998. He has served on the Board of Control of the SMRI and as a member of SASTA Council for 14 years. Since retiring from full time employment, Bruce does part time consulting through his own CC and for Bosch Projects. Over the past 54 years he has authored nearly 50 papers for SASTA, ISSCT and several other associations. He has had articles published in the International Sugar Journal, Zuckerindustrie and other technical journals and authored two chapters of Dr. Peter Rein’s Cane Sugar Engineering.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

C SEED PURITY OPTIMISATION: AN INSTRUMENTATION SOLUTION TO A PROCESS PROBLEM MAISTRY NM AND NAIDOO S 1 Oliver Avenue, Noodsberg, Dalton, 3236, South Africa nmaistry@illovo.co.za

Sinaidoo@illovo.co.za

Abstract Noodsberg has continually experienced a high percentage of crystals through screens at its C centrifugal station. A profit improvement project was undertaken in order to correctly identify the source of this problem and provide a suitable solution. Whilst investigating the concern, it was deduced that the actual C seed purity achieved at the C pan fluctuated by 33% from the target purity. At Noodsberg, obtaining consistent C seed purity was previously not possible due to the lack of automation. The various grades of molasses used to make a C seed were done manually resulting in inconsistent exhaustions on a shift basis. The solution that was implemented focused largely on the automation of the C pan. The results of this automation included a decrease in the average C seed purity deviation from the target by 26.26%, as well as a reduction in the percentage of crystals through screen by mass by 11.8%. The C crystal size has also improved by 20.28% and an average of 2.5 units drop in Target Purity Difference (TPD) was noted (when compared to the corresponding 2016 period). The project was commissioned during week 28 of the 2017 season and the results of the project were tracked for a nine week period. The estimated savings generated by the project for the nine week period is R183 000 with a payback period of approximately 11 days. Keywords: C seed purity; crystal content; crystal size distribution; C massecuite Biography: Natanya Maistry Natanya Monique Maistry qualified with a Bachelor of Science in Electronic Engineering in 2015 from the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal. In 2016, Natanya joined the Illovo Sugar Engineer- inTraining programme as a Control and Instrumentation engineer and will complete the programme this year.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

EVAPORATORS FOR LARGE FIRST AND SECOND EFFECTS RAMARU R, DU PLESSIS N, MOOR BStC AND ROSETTENSTEIN S Bosch Projects, 1 Holwood Park, 5 Canegate Rd, La Lucia Ridge Office Estate, PO Box 2009, Durban, 4000, South Africa. RamaruR@boschprojects.co.za DuPlessisN@boschprojects.co.za MoorB@boschprojects.co.za RosettensteinS@boschprojects.co.za Abstract Increasing factory sizes, back-end refineries, higher imbibition rates, the need for energy efficiency and the development of continuous pans that can operate on low pressure vapour have all created a demand for large first and second evaporator effects – often with heating surfaces of 6 000 m2 to 20 000 m2 per effect. Potential solutions for providing large capacity such as falling film, Kestner and the Bosch Long Tube Evaporator are compared. The traditional solution was to use multiple and large Robert type vessels, but it has been shown that the long juice retention times in these at high temperatures results in large ‘undetermined’ sucrose losses by inversion. South African and Australian technologists have emphasised the potential theoretical losses. However, the practical extent was recently dramatically demonstrated by measurements at Gledhow when throughput was slowed by drought and in cogeneration studies in Australia. The paper concludes that the use by many South African Sugar factories of long tube climbing film evaporators of the Kestner type is an appropriate solution. Bosch Projects have built on the proven advantages of this design to develop an improved long tube evaporator (LTE). Instead of the separate entrainment separator common in Kestners, this design has a high disengagement zone situated above the calandria with an efficient chevron louver separator. Operation and heat transfer coefficients are similar to conventional Kestners, but with a lower juice retention time (less than 2.5 minutes) due to no hold-up in a separator vessel. Keywords: long tube evaporators, sucrose inversion losses, Kestner, large evaporator capacity, evaporator selection Biography: Rendani Ramaru Mr. Ramaru graduated from the University of Cape Town (UCT) as a chemical engineer in 2007. He then continued with his studies in Chemical engineering at UCT where he obtained a Masters in Chemical engineering in 2009. He then joined the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) as a process development engineer in the Biosciences division. He then worked at the Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC (SMRI) for six years as a Research Officer. He is currently working as a senior process engineer at Bosch Projects. His key interests in the sugar industry are evaporator scaling, sucrose inversion and conducting energy and mass balances. He has authored and co-authored several SASTA papers.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

S-BEAT: A PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATION METHOD FOR THE SUGARCANE BIOREFINERY NAIDOO P1,2, LOKHAT D1 AND STARK A1 University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Chemical Engineering, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa 2 Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC, c/o University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban, 4041, South Africa

pnaidoo@smri.org

lokhat@ukzn.ac.za

starka@ukzn.ac.za

Abstract In recent years, key stakeholders within the South African sugar industry have been assessing the potential to further diversify their product portfolios. The suggested route is to assess the available sugar mill streams for their potential to manufacture value-added products. In principle, a multitude of new revenue streams can be generated which will serve markets of different sizes and values. As a first stage assessment to allow for the selection of the most economically attractive product or process candidates, the Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC had developed the New Product Greenhouse (NPG) toolbox, by which the vast number of options is reduced by assessing easily accessible parameters, such as stoichiometry, capacities and market sizes. In this paper, as a second stage, the advanced Sugarcane Biorefinery Economic Analysis Toolbox (S-BEAT) is introduced, providing both a cost estimation and economic analysis at a preliminary process design stage for preselected alternatives. Targeting processes with high technology readiness levels, the order of magnitude approach is used, which is based on data of existing plants. It accepts historical data and escalates the capital investment to the current year, whilst making adjustments for differing product capacities and plant locations. It is estimated that this method has an accuracy of about Âą30% to Âą50%, which is considered satisfactory for a preliminary cost estimate. The cost estimates then undergo an economic analysis to determine product profitability, and allow for comparison between process and product alternatives. In order to demonstrate the potential of S-BEAT, the production of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polylactic acid (PLA) from clear juice was investigated. The resulting economic analysis highlights the commercial attractiveness of the products as assessed by the tool. Keywords: sugarcane juice, cost estimation, economic analysis, feasibility, methodology, preliminary Biography: Prelene Naidoo Prelene Naidoo is a young researcher who has an immense interest in the techno-economics of the sugarcane industry. She holds a BSc Honours degree in Chemical Engineering (University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) and is currently pursuing her MSc in Chemical Engineering at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. She recently joined the Sugar Milling Research Institute (SMRI) as a process modelling research officer. Her focus in this study is to demonstrate the development of the Sugarcane Biorefinery Economic Analysis Toolbox (S-BEAT), which is currently being developed to provide cost estimates and an economic analysis of new products from sugarcane in the South African context.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SHORT, NON-REFEREED, PAPER

DEVELOPMENT OF REACTIVE EXTRACTANTS FOR THE ISOLATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS MARONDEDZE ET1,2, MARTINCIGH BS2, AZIM MM1 AND STARK A1* Sugar Milling Research Institute Sugarcane Biorefinery Research Chair, School of Engineering, University of KwaZuluNatal, Howard College Campus, 4041, Durban, South Africa 2 School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa

starka@ukzn.ac.za

martinci@ukzn.ac.za

Abstract Bacteria and yeasts are extraordinarily selective converters of sugar to a variety of products (including alcohols and carboxylic acids). One of the biggest challenges for the implementation of any fermentation technology on a large industrial scale is the low concentration of the products obtained in the aqueous fermentation broth. Reactive extraction is a relatively new technology for the selective removal of fermentation products from mixtures. For this purpose, functionalised hydrophobic reactive extractants with certain physicochemical properties are required. Hence, this paper aims to introduce the concept of reactive extraction as a chemo-technological platform of the sugarcane biorefinery, and describes the possible functionalities and properties required for efficient reactive extraction, by using a carboxylic acid (levulinic acid) as a case study. Biography: Edward Tatenda Marondedze Edward Tatenda Marondedze graduated with a BSc Honours in Chemical Technology from Midlands State University (Zimbabwe) in 2014. In 2017 Edward joined SMRI Sugarcane Biorefinery Research Team at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to pursue an MSc in Chemistry under the supervision of Prof. Annegret Stark and Prof. Bice Martincigh. His research focuses on the development of extractants for the isolation of carboxylic acids from fermentation broths which will enhance reactor productivity and hence increase market availability of fermentation based products.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

POSTER SUMMARY

DEGREE OF FREEDOM ANALYSIS FOR STEAM BALANCE MONITORING CALCULATIONS FOXON KM and MASONDO LL Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC, c/o University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa kfoxon@smri.org

lmasondo@smri.org

Abstract The SMRI is conducting research to establish energy indicator variables for monitoring and ultimately to establish benchmarks for energy use in sugarcane processing factories. Preliminary work at two factories has shown that existing instrumentation does not easily allow real-time tracking of energy use in different parts of the factory. However, custom mass and energy balances around high pressure and exhaust steam generation using existing measurements and appropriate assumptions have enabled estimates of steam consumption to be made for various sections of the factory. The frequency of the steam consumption estimates is the same as the lowest frequency of the measurements, for which real measurements must be used. Where on-line measurement of flows of exhaust steam condensate from the first evaporator effect and high pressure steam through the let-down station are available, the calculation of the overall factory steam balance may be possible in real time. The poster will present examples of high pressure and exhaust steam networks and associated instrumentation, and demonstrates the types of energy data that can be calculated under various measurement scenarios. The poster uses a degrees of freedom approach, and is based on practical experiences of developing energy monitoring in real factories. Keywords: energy monitoring, steam balance Biography: Kitty Foxon Kitty Foxon is the Strategic Research Group Leader at the Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC. She holds a BSc in Chemical Engineering (Natal) and a PhD (Chemical Engineering) from UKZN. She arrived in the sugar industry at the SMRI in 2013 knowing a lot about biological wastewater treatment and fundamental chemical engineering science and very little about sugar technology. Since then she has been trying to apply those fundamental chemical engineering sciences to her observations of what happens in sugar factories (The biological wastewater treatment skills have rusted somewhat!). The single biggest lesson she has learned is that the more you know, the more you realise how much you still have to learn.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

POSTER SUMMARY

TRAINING SUGAR LEADERS: KEEPING THE SMRI TEN-WEEK COURSE RELEVANT GOVENDER I AND MADHO S Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC, c/o University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa igovender@smri.org

smadho@smri.org

Abstract Training and development is a recognised key success factor in ensuring the viability and sustainability of any organisation. Southern African sugar companies have embraced this philosophy, and make use of Engineers-in-Training (EIT) and Management Development Programmes (MDP) to nurture their future leaders. Intrinsically complementing the operational training on such programmes is the annual SMRI Ten-Week Course in Sugar Engineering. The course caters for graduates working in any of the production, processing, maintenance, agriculture or research functions in the sugar industry. It encompasses the theoretical aspects of sugar manufacture, including sugarcane agriculture, sugar bio-refineries and new technologies. There is a practical project where delegates produce crystalline sugar from sugarcane using the SMRI’s various pilot scale equipment. The streams are sampled and analysed, and Factory Performance Calculations done. Delegates also gain experience in report writing and reviewing literature. An advantage of the course over others run globally is that the SMRI course is presented by subject matter experts from both the SMRI and the local sugar companies. Companies regard the course as fundamental to the development of engineers and use delegate performance as a tool to identify future industry leaders. This poster highlights how the course has remained relevant to the industry’s training needs since the first course offering in 1993. Changes to the 2018 rendition of the course are presented; this includes changes to subject matter, course material and the restructuring of the programme so that individual modules can be attended, e.g. extraction and refining. Comments from past delegates on the course are given – these delegates now being senior managers in the southern African sugar industry. Keywords: Training, development, sugar technology, learning, cane-to-crystal, EIT Biography: Indiran Govender Indiran Govender is the Training Officer at the Sugar Milling Research Institute (SMRI). His key role is to manage the SMRI training initiatives adding value to and facilitating skills development for sugar industry personnel using training courses and on-site training. Other skills include SMRI support services such as consulting. Indiran was previously employed as a Chemical EIT at Sasol 2 (Final Products) in Secunda, and as an Educator, Chief Examiner and HOD at PRISM, MASC and Coastal KZN FET College based at Mangosuthu University of Technology in Umlazi Township (Durban). He has studied Chemical Engineering and is a Certified Professional Educator having attained an Advanced Degree in Education with specialisation in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry from the University of South Africa (UNISA).

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

POSTER SUMMARY

A VIEW INTO THE BOILING BEHAVIOUR OF MASSECUITE IN A PAN TUBE NAIDU N1 AND LOUBSER RC2 Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, c/o University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban, 4041, South Africa 2 Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC, c/o University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban, 4041, South Africa

nirvana.naidu28@gmail.com

rloubser@smri.org

Abstract The specific boiling characteristics of massecuite have, until now, never been visualised except via models created from mathematical assumptions. The limitation of vacuum pans is that the sight glass on the boiling chamber allows viewing into the top of the pan tube plate, but not into the tubes where the boiling occurs and so the actual boiling remains unseen. An experimental test rig was created for the purpose of visualising the boiling of massecuite. This test rig is a batch vacuum pan with a single tube that is square in cross-section. The one side of the tube is a glass pane to facilitate the observation of the boiling process. The rig works using natural convection in order to create the cyclic movement up through the tube and down the down-take. This poster documents the observations of the boiling process during laboratory trials, the results of which will be used to test the assumptions used in models describing the boiling behaviour of different massecuites in pans. Of particular interest is how non-sucrose in the massecuite influences its boiling behaviour and so may contribute to the understanding of difficulties experienced in boiling massecuites near the end of the season. Due to the fact that typical massecuite is highly coloured and boiling activity will be difficult to see, a synthetic non-coloured syrup with the same characteristics as massecuite was used. The poster records and documents the boiling behaviour of the synthesised syrup in the test rig. Keywords: hard-to-boil massecuite, pan, polysaccharide, boiling, viscosity, synthetic Biography: Nirvana Naidu Nirvana Naidu is a recently graduated Mechanical Engineering Student who is currently registered for her masters in the University of KwaZulu-Natal with a topic on the rheological properties of hard-to-boil massecuites. During her final year of studies, she was part of the team who designed and manufactured the equipment that was used to run the experiments for the teams’ poster. Working under the supervision of Dr Richard Loubser, she aims to become specialised in the field of “sugar engineering” at the Sugar Milling Research Institute (SMRI) as well as to become more acquainted with the equipment used in the manufacturing of sugar.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

POSTER SUMMARY

THE SMRI FACTORY NIRS TECHNOLOGY: DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND APPLICATION WALFORD SN Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC, c/o University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa swalford@smri.org Abstract The Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC (SMRI) Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has been developed to provide mill operation staff with process information that can be used to better understand and control the factory, ultimately providing a quality product whilst minimising loses and maximising recoveries. The technology has been developed using NIRS transmission methods and includes all factory process streams (front end, boiling house including magmas, remelts, B- and C-sugars through to final molasses). Currently, the sugar technologist relies on brix and pol for factory control. Additional analyte results such as sucrose, etc, are typically available from centralised facilities such as the SMRI and results are delayed due to associated sample logistics, often rendering the results and conclusions of historical value only. The rapid availability of sucrose, glucose, fructose, ash, colour for all streams and dry solids for molasses using the NIRS within the factory environment offers the sugar technologist the opportunity to understand factory processes better and develop controls that were previously unavailable. This poster describes the development, validation and application of the methodology as follows: • • • • • •

the development of a simple dilution method that does not require dilute sample filtration or the addition of lead or aluminium clarification agents, the equation development process using metrics such as RMSEP (Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction), bias, slope and correlation coefficients, the validation of the prediction equations by comparing the equivalence of the NIRS predictions to results obtained from conventional methods of analysis including analysis reproducibility, examples of the use of the technology in a mill environment, consideration of possible novel applications, and future equation and application developments.

Keywords: NIRS, calibrations, predictions, factory streams Biography: Stephen Walford Stephen manages the Analytical Quality & Development group at the Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC (SMRI). Stephen has a research interest in analytical techniques and instrumentation, particularly in the analysis of sugars and sugar solutions. He has devoted the last six years to the development of Near Infrared Spectroscopy and is excited about the potential of technology within the mill environment. He has presented at both local and international conferences and is the chairman of the South African National Committee for ICUMSA and the current chairperson of FCAC. Outside of work, he has interests in woodwork and music.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS IN BOILER PLANT ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY ON AN INDUSTRIAL SCALE BIOMASS UNIT CO-FIRING SUGARCANE BAGASSE AND FURFURAL RESIDUE AT EXCESSIVE FINAL STEAM TEMPERATURES LAUBSCHER R1, ENGELBRECHT Q2, AND MARAIS CFP2 2

1 University of Stellenbosch John Thompson Boiler and Environmental Solutions

francoism@johnthompson.co.za Abstract The current work sets out to showcase the power of statistical learning algorithms to mine boiler operational data in an attempt to create a predictive model capable of capturing the plant specific behaviour. The machine learning predictive model can be used to perform investigations such as boiler diagnostics, sensitivity analysis on operational parameters and root cause analysis to determine cause of upset/detrimental conditions. A data mining analysis was performed on an industrial scale biomass boiler co-firing sugarcane bagasse and furfural residue, which operated at excessive final steam temperatures (420-440°C) when compared to the design steam temperature (400°C). The goal of the analysis was to find the cause of the excessive final steam temperatures and propose remedial action. The analysis comprised of using artificial neural network, support vector regression and random forest machine learning algorithms to mine the operational data acquired from the boiler’s distributed control system and generate a statistical predictive model. A sensitivity analysis is performed on the boiler input parameters (fuel moisture, fuel density, fuel feeder speeds, induced draught fan speed, and forced draught fan damper position) using the machine learning model, to find the inputs which cause excessive temperature excursions. The model was able to accurately capture the boiler trends and was used to find that it was the fuel moisture, density and upward flow velocity in the furnace which caused the flame to be positioned much higher in the furnace than intended. The higher flame position caused an increase in thermal radiation heat transfer to the radiant superheater above the design values which resulted in the higher final steam temperature. Keywords: boilers, machine learning, artificial neural networks, diagnostics Biography: Francois Marais Francois Marais is a Senior Design Engineer in the Industrial Watertube Boiler Business Unit of John Thompson, a Division of ACTOM (Pty) Ltd, having joined the company in 2012. During his time at John Thompson, he has been the technical team leader on projects in the African and South East Asian sugar industry involving boilers and cogeneration. He is also studying towards a Master’s degree in mechanical engineering at Stellenbosch University, with a focus on machine learning and parametric design.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

UPGRADING THE UTILITY PLANT MODULE FOR THE GENERIC SUGAR MILL MODEL FOXON KM AND STARZAK M Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC, c/o University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa kfoxon@smri.org

mstarzak@smri.org

Abstract The Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC published a MATLABÂŽ model of a generic sugar mill, consisting of mass and energy balances of the individual units of a diffuser factory with mud filtration, five-effect evaporation and a three-boiling partial remelt scheme. The original model did not provide a means for balancing electrical power and steam production and demand and therefore was not able to predict the impact of process changes on overall energy consumption. The objective of this study was to expand the original model by including a power house and considering steam and electrical power balances. The upgraded utilities model included a simplified mass and energy balance model of the boiler with high pressure (HP) steam generation calculated to meet the various mechanical and thermal demands of the raw sugar factory, and to supply a back-pressure turboalternator. The turboalternator was modelled to supply the electrical power demand of the raw sugar factory and external power consumers. Prime movers for cane knives, shredder and bagasse drying mills can make use of either HP steam or electricity for motive power. The model allows the split between these two power sources to be varied. Simulations for a range of power splits were used to generate HP steam distribution values, which were compared to published models of energy supply for raw sugar mills in lieu of a rigorous validation of the utilities model. Model simulations demonstrated that design of the split between electrically and steam driven motive power for prime movers does not inherently influence factory energy efficiency; instead, a higher degree of electrification could enable generation of power for external customers at marginally increased fuel cost or reduction of exhaust steam demand in the backend for reduced factory fuel consumption. Keywords: sugar mill model, utility plant, energy balance, electrification, steam balance Biography: Kitty Foxon Kitty Foxon is the Strategic Research Group Leader at the Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC. She holds a BSc in Chemical Engineering (Natal) and a PhD (Chemical Engineering) from UKZN. She arrived in the sugar industry at the SMRI in 2013 knowing a lot about biological wastewater treatment and fundamental chemical engineering science and very little about sugar technology. Since then she has been trying to apply those fundamental chemical engineering sciences to her observations of what happens in sugar factories (The biological wastewater treatment skills have rusted somewhat!). The single biggest lesson she has learned is that the more you know, the more you realise how much you still have to learn.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

INDUSTRY 4.0, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS APPLICATION IN A BAGASSE-FIRED POWER PLANT DU TOIT P AND LAUBSCHER R John Thompson a division of Actom (Pty) Ltd, Sacks Circle, Bellville South, 7530, South Africa philipd@johnthompson.co.za Abstract This paper discusses the implementation of Industry 4.0 in the sugar factory specifically with regards to power generation. Key concepts such as cyber-physical systems, the internet of things, cloud computing and cognitive computing are explained. Examples of successes with artificial intelligence on boiler applications are described. Keywords: artificial intelligence, industry 4.0, boilers Biography: Philip du Toit Dr Philip du Toit, Pr Eng is a Senior Development Engineer in the Industrial Watertube Boiler Business Unit of John Thompson, a Division of ACTOM (Pty) Ltd. He joined John Thompson in 2001. During his career, he has been the technical team leader for John Thompson on projects in the southern African sugar industry involving boilers and cogeneration. Currently he is focusing on research and development and completed his PhD involving artificial intelligence and combustion modeling at the beginning of this year.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

DEXTRAN: A REFINER’S PERSPECTIVE MOODLEY M AND KHOMO N Tongaat Hulett Sugar Refinery, PO Box 1501, Durban, 4000, South Africa Mano.Moodley@Tongaat.com Nonhlanhla.Khomo@Tongaat.com Abstract The raw sugar that was processed by the Tongaat Hulett Sugar Refinery (Hulref) had low levels of dextran (<100 ppm). Over the past four years, however, the levels of dextran in the raw sugar have been increasing. As high levels of dextran have a deleterious effect on some of the unit operations in a refinery, investigative work was initiated in the following areas: • • •

Effects of high dextran on refinery operations. Carrying out a dextran balance in the refinery. Evaluating ways of reducing the high dextran.

Keywords: dextran, viscosity, dextranase, refined sugar quality Biography: Mano Moodley Mano Moodley is currently the Factory Manager Operations at Hulref. He has 30 years of sugar experience (SMRI, TSB, TEG and now at the refinery). He has authored and co-authored a large number of both SASTA and SIT (Sugar Industry Technologist) papers.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

AFTER FOUR DECADES: A NEW LOOK AT ION-EXCHANGE RESIN AT THE TONGAAT HULETT REFINERY MOODLEY M1, MAHARAJ C1, KHOMO N1, RAJOO N2, HARDWICK J3 AND HARDWICK E3 Tongaat Hulett Sugar-Refinery, PO Box 1501, Durban, 4000, South Africa Tongaat Hulett Strategic Sourcing, 7 UmsiJunction, 29 South Building, La Mercy, 4399, South Africa 3 Cwenga Technologies, 28 Boeing Road East, Dunvegan, 1609, South Africa 1

Mano.Moodley@Tongaat.com Cebisile.Maharaj@Tongaat.com Nonhlanhla.Khomo@Tongaat.com Naveen.Rajoo@Tongaat.com Jenny@Cwenga.com Ed@Cwenga.com Abstract In November 1978 the bone char decolourisation plant at Tongaat-Hulett Refinery (Hulref) was replaced with five ionexchange columns. This change had major benefits for the refinery in terms of chemical and energy costs, and refined sugar quality. In order to improve the liquor decolourisation, a further five secondary stage resin columns were installed in 1987. This improved the overall decolourisation from 60 to 70%. Since 1978 the resin plant has been using the same macroporous strong base anion acrylic resin. Having a single supplier of resin for the refinery has been identified as a risk. In view of this it was decided by the refinery management to evaluate resin from other suppliers. In the paper the work done to evaluate an alternate resin supplier will be discussed. The following areas will be covered: • Technical performance of the resin at various cycle times • Commercial evaluation of the resin • Technical support from the suppliers • Resin lifetime prediction based on analysis. The trial has also allowed the refinery to re-evaluate process conditions, and the lessons learnt from the exercise are expected to benefit the refinery in the long run. Keywords: ion-exchange, resin, decolourisation, effluent, colour removal Biography: Mano Moodley Mano Moodley is currently the Factory Manager Operations at Hulref. He has 30 years of sugar experience (SMRI, TSB, TEG and now at the refinery). He has authored and co-authored a large number of both SASTA and SIT (Sugar Industry Technologist) papers.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

NEW TECHNIQUE FOR EFFLUENT TREATMENT IN SULPHITATION SUGAR FACTORIES MOHAN N1 AND BAJPAI A2 Director, National Sugar Institute, Kanpur, India Professor of Sugar Technology, National Sugar Institute, Kanpur, India 1

director.nsi@gov.in

dr.abajpainsi@gmail.com

Abstract The sugar industry in India has a vital role in economic and rural development. However, effluent generated from this industry has a high pollution load and thus the sugar industry in India has been kept in the ‘Red Category’, i.e. an industry posing a threat to the environment. As per the latest legislation laid down by the pollution control authorities in India, the maximum effluent discharge limit is 200 litres/ton of cane. About 50% effluent generated at a sugar mill is from spray pond overflow or process cooling tower blow down. The average sugar production in India is about 25-28 million tons annually, and almost 95% sugar is produced by double sulphitation process. Waste water generated in sulphitation sugar factories, particularly, spray pond overflow/process cooling tower blow down contains sulphate of approximately 800-1 200 ppm, which imposes difficulties in treatment of effluent by Activated Sludge Process (ASP) adopted by most Indian sugar factories. ASP is based on the activity of bacteria which works under aerobic conditions and decomposes organic matter by producing carbon dioxide and ultimately reduces the pollution load. The presence of sulphate suppresses/ deactivates the activity of bacteria, thus making it difficult to achieve the desired parameters of treated effluent as per legislation. A new physico-chemical technology has been developed and successfully implemented in commercial sugar factories. The new system gave excellent results in reducing the sulphate content by 40-50% and finally the quality of treated effluent could be maintained as per the requirement for surface discharge/mixing in water bodies. Keywords: double sulphitation, spray pond, sulphate content, physico-chemical technology, activated sludge process Biography: Ashutosh Bajpai Dr Ashutosh Bajpai is Professor of Sugar Technology at the National Sugar Institute, Kanpur, India. His qualifications are a Post Graduate in Sugar Technology and Chemistry and a PhD in Applied Chemistry on “Corrosion and its Prevention in Cane Sugar Industry”. His experience includes 33 years of teaching, research and consultancy in the sugar industry. He has published / presented 37 research papers in various national / international journals and conferences. He has provided consultancy to more than 250 sugar factories in India and abroad.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

REFEREED PAPER

NIRS AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVED PROCESS MONITORING GOUNDEN T AND WALTHEW D Tongaat Hulett Sugar, PO Box 3, Tongaat, 4400, South Africa Tanya.Gounden@tongaat.com

Dennis.Walthew@tongaat.com

Abstract The development of NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy) for the rapid routine analysis of factory products has created an opportunity for factories to monitor the sugar making process more effectively. The use of NIRS allows the measurement of inversion loss and target purity difference (TPD) which traditionally was only calculated and reported at the end of the week, to be done at least once per shift. NIRS also allows a mill to monitor inversion loss across the clarifier and evaporator, which previously was done by the Sugar Milling Research Institute in a consulting capacity. NIRS thus enables a rapid identification of potential problems which could impact on undetermined loss. During the 2017 season at Maidstone sugar mill, NIRS was used to make direct estimates of TPD of C-molasses from c-centrifugals and inversion losses over the clarifier and evaporators. These measurements were compared with conventional weekly TPD and UDL figures respectively and good agreement was found. Keywords: laboratory, NIRS, UDL, TPD, inversion, process control Biography: Tanya Gounden Tanya Gounden joined Tongaat Hulett Voermol Feeds in 2011 as a Student Trainee where she worked in the Animal Feed Laboratory assisting in internal feed trials and projects. She holds a BSC in Microbiology and Cell Biology. After graduating, she was appointed as a NIRS Technician. She implemented and ran the NIRS Project from 2013 to 2017. She was responsible for developing and upgrading calibration equations, maintenance of the NIRS Systems and Quality testing. In May 2017, Tanya joined Tongaat Hulett Technology Group as a Junior Chemist. Her specialist focus is on NIRS at all the Tongaat Hulett Raw Sugar Mills and Refinery as well as technical support - laboratory based.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

COMMERCIAL PRESENTATION

ASSESSMENT OF DUST EXPLOSIONS IN THE SUGAR INDUSTRY WITH REGARD TO SCREENING TECHNOLOGY HENDRICH S Rhewum, Remscheid, Germany sales@rhewum.com Abstract The prevention of dust explosions is necessary to ensure the safe operation of sugar plants world-wide. Especially in the field of screening technology, a few simple mistakes can lead to hazardous process conditions. This paper discusses the principles of sugar dust explosions with special focus on their formation. An example is given to show possible threats which can occur during production. Guidelines for choosing suitable process parameters and equipment are given. Professional dust control is key to decreasing the risk of dust explosions. Keywords: screening, dust, explosion Biography: Stephan Hendrich Mr. Stephan Hendrich holds Bachelor and Masters degrees in Sales Engineering and Product Management from the ‘Ruhr-Universität Bochum’ in Germany. In early 2016, Mr. Hendrich joined RHEWUM GmbH in Remscheid, Germany, and deepened his theoretical as well as practical knowledge in screening of crystal sugar resp. refined sugar, milk sugar, dextrose, maltose and fructose. Furthermore, he also has experience in the field of screening other bulk materials as limestone, fertiliser and salt. He provides economical solutions for the classification of all kinds of bulk products designed to perfectly match each customer’s individual requirements. He is responsible for Rhewum’s sales activities in South Africa, South America, Poland, China, Israel, Egypt and the United Kingdom.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

COMMERCIAL PRESENTATION

INDUSTRIE 4.0: INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS FOR MODERN SUGAR PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES KOMITSCH J Haver Southern Africa, Unit 3 Cranberry Industrial Park, Cranberry Street, Honeydew, 2170, South Africa, j.komitsch@haverboecker.com Abstract Modern packaging solutions are becoming increasingly important to the sugar industry. Currently, a wide range of suppliers for sugar is prominent with their products being placed side by side on shelves of supermarkets. Thus, its packaging, and corresponding marketing, provide differentiation and assists the customer with their product choice. With changing regulations, added to greater customer consciousness, food safety is one of the main focuses for future plant improvements. The final packaging needs to be free of contamination while being completely sealed, in order to counteract contamination during the shelf life of the sugar. At Behn + Bates, a member of the globally active Haver & Boecker Company, with its subsidiary Haver Southern Africa in Johannesburg, new packaging solutions for the food industry are continuously being developed. Product safety, with corresponding integrated solutions, and plant automation play central roles in these developments. Increases in efficiency and quality, with the added bonus of error prevention are the main results. Conventionally, metal detection is done after filling as part of the product transport system. However, Behn + Bates has developed a unique system, whereby the metal detector is integrated in the filling channel of the packaging machine for space and cost saving, resulting in an increase in detection capabilities. Behn + Bates has correspondingly developed systems to completely seal valve bags, occurring directly at the filling spout by means of cold and self-cleaning ultrasonic welding tools. Paper bags can therefore be filled and transported without risk of product spillage or product contamination. Keywords: packaging, integration, Industrie 4.0, palletising, automation, food safety Biography: Jonas Komitsch Sales and Project Manager. Studied International Management with Engineering. Working for Haver & Boecker since 2013. Before moving to South Africa, he was responsible for the food market in South East Asia and Oceania within Haver & Boeckerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s food division Behn + Bates. Living in South Africa and working at the South African subsidiary Haver Southern Africa since July 2017.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

COMMERCIAL PRESENTATION

ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH COGENERATION AND ELECTRIC DRIVES IN THE SUGAR AND ETHANOL INDUSTRY FIGUEIREDO JPA AND GODOY E TGM Turbinas, Rod. Armando de Salles Oliveira, km 4.8 – Sertãozinho – Brazil jfigueiredo@weg.net

edgard.godoy@tgminternational.com

Abstract Market growth, energy and fuel costs, competitiveness and power trading have led industries to seek lower costs and improve the utilisation of existing resources in the industry. Biomass is one of the main renewable sources still available in the world and sugarcane is one of the major feedstocks to be used in power generation systems. Energy efficiency is a constant challenge for sugar factories to be more competitive and less dependent on complementary fuel, such as coal and wood. A cogeneration system is the solution to meet sugar factory needs, where all thermal energy and all or a portion of electrical power is supplied, with possible surplus power for exporting, depending on plant efficiency. The system can improve energy efficiency by reducing fuel consumption or increasing power generation through some basic modifications in sugar factory components, such as, high pressure boilers, electric instead of mechanical drives (steam turbines) and new condensing steam turbines with extraction. The traditional systems of preparation and milling of sugar cane are composed of mechanical drives through conventional turbines with high steam consumption. Currently there are the electrical drives with planetary gearboxes to replace the mechanical drives, with more benefits: More security with less investment, Lower power consumption, More versatility and staggered implementation, Greater operating control, Higher crushing capacity with low investment, More operational flexibility, Lower maintenance costs, Greater torque transmission, Lower cost for implementation. TGM, a WEG Group company, has its own technology, engineering and factory, with a complete structure to assist the customers in their feasibility studies, providing full high efficiency solutions, equipment and services for power generation, cogeneration and sugarcane mill drives. TGM produces steam turbines with a maximum power of 150 MW, planetary gearboxes of 85 to 7 000 kN.m and parallel gearboxes. Its products are present in 40 countries around the world, in several market segments. TGM turbines generate over 70% of biomass energy in Brazil. The planetary gearboxes and turbo-gearboxes dominate 75% of the mechanical drive market. Keywords: growth, sugarcane, energy, cogeneration, electric drives, turbines. Biography: Edgard de Godoy Edgard de Godoy has been Regional Sales Manager, responsible for the African continent, at TGM Ind. Com. Turbinas e Redutores in Brazil, since 2014. His main skills are steam turbines, high speed gearboxes and steam generators for mechanical drives and power generation. Edgard graduated in Chemical Engineering at UNAERP University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

COMMERCIAL PRESENTATION

NEW RANGE OF BROADBENT BATCH CENTRIFUGES RHODES J, TAYLOR M AND GRIMWOOD C Thomas Broadbent & Sons Ltd, Queen Street South, Huddersfield, HD1 3EA, England jrhodes@broadbent.co.uk

mtaylor@broadbent.co.uk

cgrimwood@broadbent.co.uk

Abstract The presentation describes the design process of a new 1 800 kg capacity batch centrifuge and focuses on practical improvements that are of interest to the centrifuge user. Details of the testing undertaken as part of the design process are described, together with an explanation of the new features provided to assist centrifuge users. Particular emphasis is given to the operational safety of the centrifuge and the integrity of the basket over the life of the centrifuge, which can be in excess of 20 years. The work undertaken as part of the design process to improve the ability of the centrifuge to process variable massecuites and provide drip-free massecuite and sugar discharge valves, is described. Finally, the innovative features and web-based support options provided by the new IPC based control system are also described. Keywords: batch centrifuge, safe basket design, cleanliness Biography: Mark Taylor Mark Taylor is a Sales Manager for Broadbent Centrifugals Sugar Division. He has worked in the sugar industry since 1990, first as a Shift Manager for British Sugar, after which he occupied several roles with Fletcher Smith Ltd, writing and presenting several papers over the years, before joining Broadbent five years ago.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

EXHIBITION FLOORPLAN

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

EXHIBITOR KEY EXHIBITOR (ALPHABETICAL) Adapt IT (Pty) Ltd Andritz Euroslot SAS Anton Paar Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd API Solutions International (Pty) Lrd Aqseptence Group SAS Bearings international Bell Equipment BMA / Sucrotech BMG Bonfiglioli South Africa Bosch Projects (Pty) Ltd Brenley Engineering Sales CC Bruker South Africa (Pty) Ltd CMG Pumps (MES) Cordoba Techno-Quip 2000 Dube AgriLab Emineo Ltd HAVER Southern Africa Improchem Industrial Water Cooling ITECA Socadei - ORM Import and Export John King Chains South Africa John Thompson Kelvion Services (Pty) Ltd Lakeside Equipment Lindsay Africa / Zimmatic MAN Diesel & Turbo South Africa (Pty) Ltd. Mecosa (Pty) Ltd. NETAFIM South Africa PGBI Priviledge Biksons Boilers PVT Ltd Pro Tech Skatoskalo Regal Beloit Rheochem Rossi Southern Africa Rotating Technologies and Services S. B. Reshellers Pvt. Ltd & Fortek (Mauritius) Ltd SASTA Sew-Eurodrive Silver Weibull SMRI Sonkor Engineering TGM Timken South Africa Topcon Precision Agriculture Triveni Turbine Limited Turbine Generator Services Turbofluid Engineering (Pty) Ltd Universal Water Solutions cc Verder Pumps Weir Flow Control / PH Marketing (Pty) LTD Zest Weg Group ZivoZest & Broadbent Zungu-Elgin Engineering

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

STAND NO 49 16 9 12 & 13 33 59 39 47 34 & 35 24 48 40 5 20 45 28 18 36 62 7 63 42 19 56 6 29 37 21 32 57 43 22 & 23 58 26 10 & 11 25 60 & 61 27 52 & 53 2 8 54 & 55 14 15 1 41 50 30 17 38 31 51 44 46

STAND NO EXHIBITOR (NUMERICAL) 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 & 11 12 & 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 & 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 & 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 & 53 54 & 55 56 57 58 59 60 & 61 62 63

Topcon Precision Agriculture Silver Weibull Bruker South Africa (Pty) Ltd Lakeside Equipment Industrial Water Cooling SMRI Anton Paar Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd Rossi Southern Africa API Solutions International (Pty) Lrd TGM Timken South Africa Andritz Euroslot SAS Universal Water Solutions cc Emineo Ltd John Thompson CMG Pumps (MES) Mecosa (Pty) Ltd. Pro Tech Skatoskalo Bonfiglioli South Africa Rotating Technologies and Services Rheochem SASTA Dube AgriLab Lindsay Africa / Zimmatic Turbofluid Engineering (Pty) Ltd Weir Flow Control / PH Marketing (Pty) Ltd NETAFIM South Africa Aqseptence Group SAS BMG HAVER Southern Africa MAN Diesel & Turbo South Africa (Pty) Ltd. Verder Pumps Bell Equipment Brenley Engineering Sales CC Triveni Turbine Limited John King Chains South Africa Priviledge Biksons Boilers PVT Ltd ZivoZest & Broadbent Cordoba Techno-Quip 2000 Zungu-Elgin Engineering BMA / Sucrotech Bosch Projects (Pty) Ltd Adapt IT (Pty) Ltd Turbine Generator Services Zest Weg Group Sew-Eurodrive Sonkor Engineering Kelvion Services (Pty) Ltd PGBI Regal Beloit Bearings international S. B. Reshellers Pvt. Ltd & Fortek (Mauritius) Ltd Improchem ITECA Socadei - ORM Import and Export

EXHIBITOR DIRECTORY

ADAPT IT (PTY) LTD

API SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL (PTY) LTD

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

49 +27 (0)31 514 7300 www.adaptit.co.za Jonathan.matus@adaptit.co.za

Adapt IT is a strategic ICT partner for clients in agroprocessing (sugar), process manufacturing, mining, and utilities sectors. We understand your sector challenges and create innovative ICT solutions to address them. Adapt IT has over 1200 employees and customers in 40 countries in Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, South America and North America. For more information, visit our website. ANDRITZ EUROSLOT SAS Stand Number Telephone Website Email

16 +33 (549) 9393 93 www.andritz.com/euroslot Andritz-euroslot@andritz.com

ANDRITZ is an experienced partner of the sugar industry with a broad portfolio from screens for sugar pulp presses, crystallization centrifuges or extraction towers type DDS, to distribution beds for fluid bed dryers as well as our newly developed continuous centrifuge screen made of wedge wire. Our products are complemented by our world-wide on-site service.

12 & 13 +27 (0)31 579 1502 www.apisolutions.co.za sales@apisolutions.co.za

We are a provider to the sugar milling industry whose expertise is in Batch and Continuous centrifugation and evaporator de-scaling. A host of products related to these areas is stocked at our Durban office. Services include Centrifugal basket refurbishments, Centrifugal sub-assembly maintenance and de-scaling equipment refurbishment at our Durban workshop backed by highly competent mechanical and process support from our staff. AQSEPTENCE GROUP Stand Number Telephone Website Email

33 +(0) 5 49 02 16 00 www.aqseptence.com pierre.chausson@aqseptence.com

Johnson Screens member of Aqseptence Group provides customers with filtration/ separation screens and expertise that is essential for their global water treatment, water well, industrial and oil & gas applications. Specialized in food and beverage and particularly in sugar processing, (cane and beet), we are your partner for all your filtration / separation and centrifugation operations.

ANTON PAAR SOUTHERN AFRICA (PTY) LTD Stand Number 9 Telephone +27 (0)10 443 0950 / 59 Website www.anton-paar.com Email manju.naicker@anton-paar.com peggy.mello@anton-paar.com

BEARINGS INTERNATIONAL Stand Number Telephone Website Email

59 +27 (0)31 480 2111 www.bearings.co.za nicka@bearings.co.za

Great people. Great instruments. Anton Paar develops, produces and distributes highly accurate laboratory instruments and process measuring systems. We offer a wide range of solutions for sugar analysis in all steps of the sugar production, including payment analysis and quality control of raw, intermediate and final products. Anton Paar’s sugar analyzers comply with all international standards in the sugar industry like ICUMSA, OIML and K157.

Bearings International has been supplying industrial power transmission products to the sugar industry for the past 50 years. An area of expertise has been the design, selection and supply of specialised chains for the Mills. We partner the industry in the refurbishing of chains to achieve a longer service life, thereby assisting the Mills in ‘cost avoidance’ with respect to new chain purchases.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

77 BELL EQUIPMENT

BOSCH PROJECTS (PTY) LTD

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

39 +27 (0)11 928 9700 www.bellequipment.com sales@bell.co.za

48 +27 (0) 31 535 6000 www.boschprojects.co.za RouxS@boschprojects.co.za

Bell upholds its roots in the sugar industry Bell Equipment has almost 65 years of providing innovative solutions for the sugar industry and enhancing aftermarket support to its customers. Our Tri-Wheeled Cane Loaders, Haulage Tractors, Trailers, Matriarch Slew Loaders and other complementary products have found their way onto sugar estates around the world.

Bosch Projects is an expert sugar and ethanol engineering and technology company that provides cost effective, quality solutions through innovative engineering. Over 50 years of serving the global sugar industry has resulted in an impressive range of capabilities. Bosch Projects has also developed a state of the art equipment range that delivers high efficiency performance and industry leading reliability.

BMA/SUCROTECH

BRENLEY ENGINEERING SALES CC

Stand Number 47 Telephone +27 (0)31 579 2211

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

BMG Stand Number Telephone Website Email

34 & 35 +27 (0)11 620 1500 www.bmgworld.net laurenhy@bmgworld.net

BMG plays a pivotal role in supporting the productivity and production targets of all Industrial, Manufacturing, Mining and Agricultural sectors of the economies in the countries it serves. With an enviable reputation as Africa’s largest distributor, manufacturer and service provider of the highest quality engineering consumables and components; including Bearings & Seals; Power Transmission Components; Drives, Motors and Controllers; Hydraulics, Pneumatics and Filtration; Heavy and Light Duty Materials Handling; Valves and Lubrication; Fasteners, Gaskets and Tools.

40 +27 (0)83 448 7396 www.brenley.co.za dudley@brenley.co.za

Brenley Engineering Sales cc is a leading distributor of specialized instrumentation to the sugar industry for more than 2 decades. The business has led to numerous customer relationships with leading companies in the Southern African and Sub-Saharan regions. Our company vision is to provide workable solutions that will result in increased production through reliable and measurable continuity at a lower cost of ownership. BROADBENT Stand Number Telephone Website Email

44 +27(0)81 266 9222 www.ZivoZest.co.za admin@zivozest.co.za

BONFIGLIOLI SOUTH AFRICA

Broadbent has extensive dedicated in-house manufacturing facilities capable of manufacturing and testing equipment to international standards.

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

Broadbent has five Divisions. Two of these divisions are a dedicated service and support division for all types of centrifuge and a main manufacturing division that produces new Broadbent centrifuges.

24 +27 (0)31 701 4150 www.bonfiglioli.com kevin.coull@bonfiglioli.com

Suppliers of top quality power transmission equipment to the sugar industry offering: 300- series planetary, HDOseries bevel / helical, HDP – series parallel shaft, c- series helical inline foot or shaft mounted geared drives.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

• • • • •

Industrial Process Sugar and Sweetener Laundry Business Spares, Service and Repairs Broadbent Manufacturing

78 BRUKER SOUTH AFRICA

EMINEO LTD

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

5 +27 (0)83 313 0155 www.bruker.com Neil.oosthuizen@bruker.com

Bruker South Africa is an analytical instrument supplier to many industries, including the sugar industry. Analysis are done on cane, juice, factory products as well as raw and refined sugar.

18 +23 06988200 www.emineo.mu projects@emineo.mu

Emineo Ltd is an engineering company based in Mauritius which provides engineering solutions and project realisation services to the sugar industry since 2007. The company has a dedicated team of engineers, technicians and project managers who have a long experience of delivering projects on the African Continent.

CMG PUMPS Stand Number Telephone Website Email

20 +27 (0)31 305 2400 www.cmgpumps.com gary@messa.co.za

Pump manufacturer representatives.

and

Western

HAVER SOUTHERN AFRICA

States

Centrifuge

CORDOBA TECHNO-QUIP 2000 Stand Number 45 Telephone +27 (0)82 855 7619 +230 670 3259 (Mauritius) The Cordoba-TechnoQuip 2000 partnership offers state-ofthe-art filtration technologies through efficient, reliable and sturdy horizontal vacuum belt filters for mixed and clarify juices, syrup, refinery liquor, and boiler ash treatment, with over 1,000 applications in sugar mills and refineries worldwide. DUBE AGRILAB Stand Number Telephone Website Email

28 +27 (0)32 814 0000 www.dubetradeport.co.za info@dubetradeport.co.za

Dube AgriLab’s micropropagation facility supplies disease free, true-to-type young plants for agricultural and horticultural growers. Located adjacent to King Shaka International Airport, Dube AgriLab serves both national and international markets and has the ability to develop protocols internally for a variety of plant cultivars’, the laboratory has the capacity to propagate over 3 million plantlets a year.

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

36 +27 (0)11 794 3841 www.haversouthernafrica.co.za info@haversouthernafrica.co.za

HAVER Southern Africa forms part of the 1887 established family company, HAVER & BOECKER, headquartered in Germany. With a global network and presence, we strive to set new trends and technically lead markets. Whether mesh related solutions such as filtration, screening and particle size analysis or designing your future systems for agglomeration, mixing, packing, filling, palletizing and automation of your products and processes – we are your competent and reliable partner. IMPROCHEM Stand Number Telephone Website Email

62 +27 (0)11 971 0400 www.improchem.co.za Ebbie.Venter@improchem.co.za

The ImproChem vision is to go beyond our own success, measuring ourselves against the contribution we make to the productivity of Africa. We focus on the Sugar and Ethanol Industry to deliver customised, service oriented solutions by combining relevant products and technology, our experience and innovation. We constantly measure our performance to demonstrate delivery and to identify further efficiency to our customer operations. We constantly apply care by never compromising on safety and always looking after the environment.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

79 INDUSTRIAL WATER COOLING

JOHN THOMPSON

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

7 +27 (0)11 466 0699 www.iwc.co.za deon@iwc.co.za

Industrial Water Cooling provides engineered thermal solutions to the sugar industry and includes cooling towers, chillers and heat exchangers amongst its core products. Extensive sugar industry experience and insight ensures an optimal thermal solution for any sugar mill or factory’s unique requirements.

19 +27 (0)31 408 9700 www.johnthompson.co.za infodbn@johnthompson.co.za

“Our mission is to be the best boiler and environmental solutions company serving the power generation and industrial markets, both locally and internationally, with innovation and enthusiastic response.” KELVION SERVICE (PTY) LTD

ITECA SOCADEI - ORM IMPORT AND EXPORT Stand Number Telephone Website Email • • • • • •

63 +33 442 97 77 00 www.iteca.fr norbert.duc@iteca.fr

65 collaborators, exporting to 43 countries. Colobserver® On-line sugar color analyzer with Real Time image processing, minimum use of wash water, video and out of specs sorting. Crystobserver® HD Video pan microscope. MA, CV and fines % monitoring, comparison tools between strikes or pans. Part’Sizer® On-line particle size measurement Auto sampling and sieving for analysis in Real Time. In the sugar industry since 1993.

JOHN KING CHAINS SOUTH AFRICA Stand Number Telephone Website Email

42 +27 (0)11 894 3570 / +27 (0)837793792 www.johnkingchains.com Sharonm@jkc.co.za / fransp@jkc.co.za

John King Chains South Africa No 5 Charlie Lane Jetpark Hughes Ext 23 Boksburg South Africa

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

56 +27 (0)11 866 4000 www.kelvion.com Nigel.jugernath@kelvion.com

Kelvion is experts in heat exchange since 1920, and heat exchange is our passion! Kelvion is your best solution to all your heat exchanger needs. From the supply from cooling towers, air coolers, condensers, tubular heat exchangers, PHE’s and evaporators all the way through to sound knowledge and advise on “PER”, services and cleaning, Kelvion can provide it all. LAKESIDE EQUIPMENT Stand Number Telephone Website Email

6 +27 (0)31 700 2137 www.lakesidequipment.com lakesidequipment@mweb.co.za

Manufacturers of Magmaflo Pumps

80 LINDSAY AFRICA / ZIMMATIC

MECOSA (PTY) LTD

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

29 +27 (0)82 805 7853 / (0)21 986 8900 www.lindsayafricagb.com Adam.olivier@lindsayafrica.co.za

Lindsay Africa, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lindsay Corporation, was founded by Lindsay in 2002. Lindsay Africa (LA) recently relocated to a new site in Bellville South, Cape Town, South Africa that covers some 17 000mÂ˛. From here LA is responsible for marketing, distributing and manufacturing Lindsay products in South Africa and subSaharan Africa. Lindsay Africa is the second Lindsay facility established outside the U.S. and consists of a factory, an office block and warehouse. From this facility LA offers turnkey solutions that include design and distribution. Although Lindsay Africa was first established in 2002, Zimmatic by Lindsay products have been in operation in Africa, since the early 1970s. LA has an extensive network of Zimmatic dealers throughout sub-Sahara Africa, with the largest concentration in South Africa. These dealers are trained to provide design, sales, installation and after-sales service to growers and to keep inventories of essential parts. MAN DIESEL & TURBO SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD Stand Number Telephone Website Email

37 +27 (0)11 842 0700 www.man-es.com christo.duplooy@man-es.com

MAN Diesel & Turbo is a global organization with a regional approach. Our strong After Sales Service for Diesel & Turbo 24 hour / 7 day support with our world class blade and parts manufacturing based in Johannesburg supports our objectives of being closer to the customers. We work in close partnership with our customers and swiftly guide them towards optimum solutions based on superior business, operational and technical expertise. We use digitization as an enabler to expand and integrate our offerings and to improve the way we operate.

21 +27 (0)11 257 6100 www.mecosa.co.za measure@mecosa.co.za

Mecosa (Pty) Ltd is a leading supplier of Process Instrumentation in Southern Africa. In the sugar industry Mecosa (Pty) Ltd specializes in Brix concentration, density, moisture, flow, level, pressure, pH and conductivity measurement. Mecosa (Pty) Ltd has been serving the industry for more than 35 years and continues to grow from strength to strength. NETAFIM SA Stand Number Telephone Website Email

32 +27 (0)21 987 0477 www.netafim.co.za infoza@netafim.com

Netafim is the global leader in precision irrigation for a sustainable future. With 29 subsidiaries, 17 manufacturing plants and 4,500 employees worldwide, Netafim delivers innovative, tailor-made solutions to millions of farmers, from smallholders to large-scale agricultural producers, in over 110 countries. Founded in 1965, Netafim pioneered the drip revolution, creating a paradigm shift toward precision irrigation. Today, Netafim provides diverse precision irrigation solutions for agriculture, greenhouses, landscaping and mining, accompanied by expert agronomic, technical and operational support. Netafim is also leading the way in digital farming for irrigation, integrating monitoring, analysis and automation into one state-of-the-art system. Specializing in end-to-end solutions from the water source to the root zone. At Netafim we are farmers first and innovators second, and commitment to quality is a core value. Starting with our employees, our uncompromising standards are applied to every facet of our business. From refining development procedures, through conducting exhaustive field tests, to optimising production techniques, we are committed to delivering high-quality products and services.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

81 PGBI

REGAL BELOIT SOUTH AFRICA

Stand Number 57 Stand Number 58 Telephone +27 (0)31 202 3098 / +27(0)11 202 8600 Telephone +27 (0)31 700 2306 Website www.draglobal.com/dra-global- Website www.regalbeloit.com agriculture Email Richard.Lewis@regalbeloit.com Email info@draglobal.com Regal Beloit South Africa (Pty) Ltd. is a specialist designer, Through subsidiary PGBI, DRA’s unrivalled expertise in the manufacturer and supplier of a comprehensive range of sugar, bio-ethanol, biomass power generation, timber and class-leading Electric Motors, Worm and Shaft-Mount food and beverage industries is why clients repeatedly elect Gearboxes, Drives and related equipment to Subus as their partner of choice. For more than 30 years we Saharan mining and industry. As part of the largest global have been committed to delivering projects that not only manufacturer of electric motors, global giant, USA-based meet client needs but also exceed client expectations. Over Regal Beloit, with full access to global expertise, technology the past three decades, our knowledge has grown with our and know-how. clients and together we have transformed ideas into realities and fostered relationships that develop the solutions of the future. RHEOCHEM PRIVILEGE BIKSONS BOILERS PVT LTD Stand Number Telephone Website Email

43 +91 20 41241096 / +91 9822840173 www.privilegeboilers.com privilegeboilers@gmail.com

We are pleased to introduce ourselves as the Manufacturer of New Boilers, Boiler Modification, Pressure parts Supply, Spent wash Boiler, Boiler Repair. We undertake entire Boiler Modification / Up-gradation work, we supply Boiler Tubes, Economiser Coils, Super Heater Coils, Air Pre heater Tubes, PRDSH, Steam Piping, Dust Collectors, etc. We manufacture Spent wash Boilers with Bagasse as support fuel. We supply an EPC Co-Gen project with Spent wash Incineration boiler with coal as support fuel and Steam turbine with all its accessories. PRO TECH SKATOSKALO Stand Number Telephone Website Email

22 & 23 +44 1842764989 www.skatoskalo.com sales@skatoskalo.co.uk

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

26 +27 (0)31 700 3700 www.rheochem.com jacqui@rheochem.co.za

Rheochem specialises in application technology relating to chemicals used during the production of sugar. We offer a full speciality chemical range including: • Flocculants • Decolorisation aids • Evaporator scale inhibitors • Enzymes (both amylase and dextranase) • Defoamers • Biocides • Drinking water and effluent treatment chemicals ROSSI GEARMOTORS PTY LTD Stand Number Telephone Website Email

10 & 11 +27 (0)32 815 0380 www.rossi.com/southafrica info.southafrica@rossi.com

Rossi Southern Africa is fast becoming the local leader for driving all sugar manufacturing applications. Due to our geographical location, Rossi SA is the only industrial gearbox OEM HQ operating out of KZN at the Dube Trade Port. Rossi SA is a fully capable company able to design, manufacture, assemble and repair gear-boxes in excess of 3 million Nm for all sugar applications.

82 ROTATING TECHNOLOGIES & SERVICES

S. B. RESHELLERS & F. P. ENGINEERING

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

Stand Number 60 & 61 Telephone +91 231 2658297 Website www.sbreshellers.com www.forgestardieu.com Email mmshaikh@sbreshellers.com

25 +27 (0)11 421 5904 / (0)76 548 6002 www.rtserv.co.za chris.hattingh@rtserv.co.za

RTS is a leading specialist Engineering Services provider dedicated to the installation, maintenance and repair of steam turbine plant, compressors, gear boxes and their control systems. Work is carried out throughout Africa in all major industries. We have a modern well equipped factory with in-house white metal bearing manufacture and mobile workshops that facilitate on-site tooling for major projects. SASTA (SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR TECHNOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION) Stand Number Telephone Website Email

27 +27 (0)31 508 7543 www.sasta.co.za sasta@sugar.org.za

SASTA, founded in 1926, is an association of people interested in the technical aspects of the SA sugar industry. SASTA operates under the aegis of the South African Sugar Association, but is governed under its own constitution by a Council, elected by its members. SASTA organises the annual SASTA Congress, 2017 being the 90th ! Workshops, visits to factories, farms and sites of interest are periodically arranged around topical issues. SASTA publishes the annual Congress Proceedings and the official methods SASTA Laboratory Manual. Benefits of SASTA membership: • opportunity for the sharing of scientific and technical knowledge at SASTA Congress • member rates for SASTA Congresses and other SASTA events • member prices for SASTA publications • access to participation at SASTA Congress trade exhibitions • email notifications and newsletters regarding Congress, Field Days, Workshops, AGM etc. Contact: Danile Macdonald (SASTA Administrator)

SB Reshellers is the leading manufacturer of Sugar Mill rollers, Mill spares and Mill Tandems. We have state of art foundry and machining facilities at Kolhapur, India. With multiple patented products, we export to over 23 countries worldwide. Our partners Fortek (Mauritius) Ltd are a wholly owned subsidiary of Forges Tardieu Ltd, an established brand in the sugar market known for their quality and innovations. SEW-EURODRIVE Stand Number Telephone Website Email

52 & 53 +27 (0)31 902 3815 www.sew-eurodrive.co.za info@sew.co.za

SEW-EURODRIVE South Africa’s main aim in the sugar industry is to supply energy-efficient drives to maximise the load and capacity of mills and refiners. We also provide unique drive engineering solutions, as factories require varying options for sugar production. Our geared motors are ideal for horizontal crystallisers, filters, clarifiers, conveyors, batch pans and mixers, and packaging. We also offer back-up support and service. SILVER-WEIBULL Stand Number Telephone Website Email

2 +46 72 741 48 06 www.silver-weibull.se kjell.kullman@silver-weibull.se

Silver Weibull, with more than 90 years of experience in manufacturing top quality sugar process equipment, meets the high standard of quality necessary to supply the large global brands in the production of food and drink, where only the best equipment is acceptable. Since 1922 have we developed and manufactured state-of-the art centrifugals in close co-operation with sugar mills and refineries all over the world. In our own premises in Sweden we do our own research and development and have all the expertise necessary in-house.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

83 SONKOR ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD

TIMKEN SOUTH AFRICA

Stand Number 54 & 55 Telephone +27 (0)32 946 5904 / (0)82 853 8170 Website www.sonkor.co.za www.spec-cast.co.za Email kerrie@sonkor.co.za

Stand Number 15 Telephone +27 (0)78 458 1525 / (0)82 881 0239 Website www.timken.com Email

Sonkor Engineering together with Qadbros bring to the sugar industry, world renowned unit equipment and spares for sugar milling factories. Specialising in the supply and manufacture of all ferrous and non-ferrous castings incl complete mills, shredders, new & perforated rollers, re-shellings, pinions, couplings, tailbars, headstocks, trashplates, scrapers, bearing housings & liners etc. SUGAR MILLING RESEARCH INSTITUTE NPC Stand Number Telephone Website Email

8 +27 (0)31 273 1300 www.smri.org smadho@smri.org

The Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC (SMRI) is the central scientific organisation involved in research work and technical services for the southern African sugarcane processing industry, the purpose being to enable the sustainability of the industry in both the short and long terms.

The Timken Company engineers, manufactures and markets bearings, gear drives, belts, chain, couplings, lubrication systems and related products. They offer a spectrum of powertrain rebuild and repair services. The leading authority on tapered roller bearings, Timken applies its knowledge across a variety of bearings and related systems to improve reliability and efficiency of machinery and equipment. TOPCON AGRICULTURE Stand Number Telephone Website Email

1 +27 (0)83 233 5497 www.topconagriculture.com chelm@topcon.com

Topcon produces a range of controllers for water management, weighing of sugarcane loads, steering and guidance, spraying, seeding, planting, fertilizing, spreading, and incorporating auto-section and variable rate control. Topconâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s advanced products are designed to increase efficiency, improve yields, reduce input costs, conserve water, protect the environment, and enhance your farm management system. Topcon has more than 30 years in agriculture.

TGM Stand Number Telephone Website Email

14 +27 (0)11 421 5904 / (0)76 548 6002 www.grupotgm.com.br/en/ Linton.lake@rtserv.co.za

TGM is the leading Turbine & Gear OEM in Latin America with installations in more than 40 countries. TGM offers high efficiency and operational availability solutions for steam turbines in power generation up to 150 MW, Mechanical drives, Parallel & Planetary Gearboxes up to 7,000 kN.m. TGM also provides Thermal Balance studies and Revamp of old units for improved efficiency & power.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

TRIVENI TURBINE LIMITED Stand Number Telephone Website Email

41 +91 80 22164000 www.triveniturbines.com sindhu.r@triveniturbines.com

Triveni Turbine Limited ( TTL ) is a leading steam turbine manufacturer in the sub range 30 MWe. TTLâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s joint venture with GE Oil and Gas - GE Triveni Turbines supplies and manufactures steam turbines above 30MWe up to 100MWe. These turbines are manufactured in the two state of the art manufacturing facilities located in Bengaluru, India.

84 TURBINE GENERATOR SERVICES

VERDER PUMPS

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

Stand Number 38 Telephone +27 (0)66 329 1701 Website www.verder.co.za Email

50 +27 (0)31 705 3800 www.tgs.co.za sales@tgs.co.za

Turbine Generator Services offers a full range of specialist services to satisfy our customers power generation needs, from routine maintenance to major overhauls and comprehensive co-generation up-grades. These services are enhanced by our principals, NG Allen, Baker Hughes, a GE company encompassing Lufkin and Allen Gears as well as Heinzmann with their wide range digital governors and co-generation control systems. TURBOFLUID ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD Stand Number Telephone Website Email

30 +27 (0)31 700 2525 www.turbofluid.co.za braamv@turbofluid.co.za

We are a multi-disciplinary engineering pump supply company. We supply pump-sets throughout sub-Saharan Africa and internationally.

Verder Pumps â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A pump solution for every application. Verder Pumps SA (Pty) Ltd was established in South Africa in 2002 and over the past 16 years has become a leading pump supplier throughout South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa with a reputation for providing reliable, cost-effective, efficient and long-lasting pumping solutions. WEIR FLOW CONTROL/PH MARKETING (PTY) LTD Stand Number Telephone Website Email

31 +27 (0)11 867 6767 www.phmarketing.co.za agnes@phmarketing.co.za

PH Marketing (Pty) Ltd is a distributor of Weir Valves & Controls Uk Ltd. We strive for delivery excellence on all our products.

Product range: Eagle pumps, ITT Goulds pumps, ITT Allis Chalmers pumps, Pompes Brouquet, Hi vac vacuum pumps, prominent dosing pumps, Tsurumi submersible pumps. Etc.

Our mission is to establish a long-term business relationship with our clients and provide exceptional customer service by pursuing business through innovation and advanced technology.

UNIVERSAL WATER SOLUTIONS CC

We have always provided quality service that exceeds the expectations of our esteemed customers.

Stand Number Telephone Website Email

17 +27 (0)31 312 3307 www.uws.co.za info@uws.co.za

Universal Water Solutions is a supplier of water quality monitoring equipment in the Kwa-Zulu Natal area. We have partnered with one of the leading names in water analysis, an American company called Hach Company, to offer customers a wide variety of quality and dependable products for lab, process, field analysis and on line monitoring. Universal Water Solutions serves the paper & pulp, sugar, municipal drinking & waste water and other industrial markets.

ZEST WEG GROUP Stand Number Telephone Website Email

51 +27 (0)11 723 6000 www.zestweg.com info@zestweg.com

Zest WEG Group is a leading supplier of low, medium and high voltage electric motors, vibrator motors, variable speed drives, softstarters, switchgear, power and distribution transformers, MCCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, containerised substations, mini substations, diesel generator sets, and co-generation and energy solutions as well as electrical and instrumentation engineering and project management services in Africa.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

85 ZUNGU-ELGIN ENGINEERING Stand Number Telephone Website Email

46 +27 (0)82 851 9281 www.zungu-elgin.co.za mervinr@zunguelgin.co.za

The Zungu-Elgin Engineering business has been established for over 67 years and is one of the leading Engineering Design and Manufacturing companies in South Africa offering innovative engineering solutions to the Sugar, Petrochemical, Pulp and Paper, Chemical, Energy, Mining and Minerals, Maritime, and Steel industries. Zungu-Elgin Engineering is a world class company providing safe, quality, turnkey solutions for manufacturing and installation of equipment throughout Africa. We are well-known for the manufacturing of Pressure Vessels, Heat Exchangers, Columns, Sugar Factory Process Equipment, complete Sugar Crushing Mills and Mill Rollers, Foundry Castings and various mechanical equipment. We have a 25000mÂ˛ facility under roof which is serviced by overhead cranes for material preparation, heavy fabrication and welding, foundry, medium to heavy machining, CNC drilling and machining, dished end forming, heat treatment, and industrial painting. We have a logistical advantage of being placed in the Port of Durban, which makes ease of access to shipping. Our manufacturing expertise are backed by in-house, front-end design and drawing, planning and a quality management system to ISO 9001:2008.

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

SASTA OFFICERS 1926 – 2018 COUNCIL OF THE ASSOCIATION 2017 – 2018 Patron: S NAIDOO

CM BAKER (Vice-President)

P GOVENDER

M KADWA

WK LAWLOR

S MADHO

K McFARLANE

G NAIDOO

A PATTON

S RAMGAREEB (Congress Chair)

PM SCHORN

N SHARMA

B SMALL

GT SMITH (President)

A STARK

DL SWEBY

FORMER PRESIDENTS 1926-27

M MCMASTER

1957-58

JPN BENTLEY

1988-89

PK MOBERLY

1927-28

M MCMASTER

1958-59

JPN BENTLEY

1989-90

PK MOBERLY

1928-29

HH DODDS

1959-60

JPN BENTLEY

1990-91

PW REIN

1929-30

HH DODDS

1960-61

JL DU TOIT

1991-92

PW REIN

1930-31

GS MOBERLY

1961-62

JL DU TOIT

1992-93

PW REIN

1931-32

GC DYMOND

1962-63

JL DU TOIT

1993-94

PW REIN

1932-33

GC DYMOND

1963-64

JR GUNN

1994-95

PH HEWITT

1933-34

BED PEARCE

1964-65

JR GUNN

1995-96

PH HEWITT

1934-35

E CAMDEN-SMITH

1965-66

JR GUNN

1996-97

GB O'REILLY

1935-36

GC WILSON

1966-67

LF CHIAZZARI

1997-98

GB O'REILLY

1936-37

GC WILSON

1967-68

LF CHIAZZARI

1998-99

TJ MURRAY

1937-38

J RAULT

1968-69

TG CLEASBY

1999-00

TJ MURRAY

1938-39

P MURRAY

1969-70

TG CLEASBY

2000-01

TJ MURRAY

1939-40

P MURRAY

1970-71

TG CLEASBY

2001-02

TJ MURRAY

1940-41

EP HEDLEY

1971-72

TG CLEASBY

2002-03

MS GREENFIELD

1941-42

FW HAYES

1972-73

J WILSON

2003-04

MS GREENFIELD

1942-43

A MCMARTIN

1973-74

J WILSON

2004-05

KM HURLY

1943-44

G BOOTH

1974-75

J WILSON

2005-06

SS MUNSAMY

1944-45

GS MOBERLY

1975-76

JB ALEXANDER

2006-07

PM SCHORN

1945-46

GS MOBERLY

1976-77

JB ALEXANDER

2007-08

PM SCHORN

1946-47

W BUCHANAN

1977-78

GD THOMPSON

2008-09

PM SCHORN

1947-48

W BUCHANAN

1978-79

GD THOMPSON

2009-10

PM SCHORN

1948-49

JL DU TOIT

1979-80

GD THOMPSON

2010-11

GT SMITH

1949-50

HH DODDS

1980-81

GD THOMPSON

2011-12

GT SMITH

1950-51

A MCMARTIN

1981-82

GW SHUKER

2012-13

GT SMITH

1951-52

GC DYMOND

1982-83

GW SHUKER

2013-14

GT SMITH

1952-53

GC DYMOND

1983-84

AB RAVNO

2014-15

GT SMITH

1953-54

GC DYMOND

1984-85

AB RAVNO

2015-16

GT SMITH

1954-55

GC DYMOND

1985-86

AB RAVNO

2016-17

GT SMITH

1955-56

JB GRANT

1986-87

AB RAVNO

1956-57

JB GRANT

1987-88

PK MOBERLY

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

FORMER VICE-PRESIDENTS 1926-27

LE ROUILLARD

1956-57

WG GALBRATH

1988-89

PW REIN

1927-28

HH DODDS

1957-58

JL DU TOIT

1989-90

PW REIN

1928-29

GS MOBERLY

1958-59

JL DU TOIT

1990-91

GW SHUKER

1929-30

GS MOBERLY

1959-60

JL DU TOIT

1991-92

PH HEWITT

1930-31

GC DYMOND

1960-61

J DICK

1992-93

PH HEWITT

1931-32

AC WATSON

1961-62

JPN BENTLEY

1993-94

PH HEWITT

1932-33

AC WATSON

1962-63

JPN BENTLEY

1994-95

GB O'REILLY

1933-34

GC DYMOND

1963-64

LF CHIAZZARI

1995-96

GB O'REILLY

E CAMDEN-SMITH

1964-65

LF CHIAZZARI

1996-97

TJ MURRAY

1934-35

BED PEARCE

1965-66

LF CHIAZZARI

1997-98

TJ MURRAY

1935-36

E CAMDEN-SMITH

1966-67

TG CLEASBY

1998-99

BS PURCHASE

1936-37

J RAULT

1967-68

TG CLEASBY

1999-00

BS PURCHASE

1937-38

P MURRAY

1968-69

JB ALEXANDER

2000-01

BS PURCHASE

1938-39

EP HENDLEY

1969-70

JB ALEXANDER

2001-02

MS GREENFIELD

1939-40

EP HENDLEY

1970-71

JB ALEXANDER

2002-03

KM HURLY

1940-41

FW HAYES

1971-72

JB ALEXANDER

2003-04

KM HURLY

1941-42

A MCMARTIN

1972-73

M MATIC

2004-05

SS MUNSAMY

1942-43

G BOOTH

1973-74

M MATIC

2005-06

RA BAILEY

1943-44

FB MACBETH

1974-75

M MATIC

2006-07

DL SWEBY

1944-45

G BOOTH

1975-76

GW SHUKER

2007-08

DL SWEBY

1945-46

W BUCHANAN

1976-77

GW SHUKER

2008-09

DL SWEBY

1946-47

GC DYMOND

1977-78

GW SHUKER

2009-10

DL SWEBY

1947-48

GC DYMOND

1978-79

GW SHUKER

2010-11

BM MUIR

1948-49

GC DYMOND

1979-80

GW SHUKER

1949-50

JL DU TOIT

1980-81

GW SHUKER

KA REDSHAW 2011-12

KA REDSHAW

1950-51

OWM PEARCE

1981-82

AB RAVNO

2012-13

KA REDSHAW

1951-52

OWM PEARCE

1982-83

AB RAVNO

2013-14

KA REDSHAW

1952-53

K DOUWES-DEKKER

1983-84

PK MOBERLY

2014-15

KA REDSHAW

1953-54

JB GRANT

1984-85

PK MOBERLY

2015-16

CM BAKER

1954-55

K DOUWES-DEKKER

1985-86

PK MOBERLY

2016-17

CM BAKER

1955-56

GC DYMOND

1986-87

PK MOBERLY

WG GALBRATH

1987-88

PW REIN

FORMER CONGRESS ORGANISING COMMITTEE CHAIRS 2013-14

DL SWEBY

2015-16

S RAMGAREEB

2014-15

S RAMGAREEB

2016-17

S RAMGAREEB

FORMER TREASURERS 2013-14

A VAN DER NEST

2015-16

A VAN DER NEST

2014-15

A VAN DER NEST

2016-17

A VAN DER NEST

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

NOTES

SASTA 2018 | 91st CONGRESS

Cleanliness. Quality. Accuracy. Industry 4.0 from the source. Whether valve, open-mouth or FFS bags, we have the semi- or fully automated packaging system for your sugar products. We assist in designing your future systems for packaging your products and automating your processes. We are your competent and reliable partner. www.behnbates.com Your local contact: HAVER SOUTHERN AFRICA - Jonas Komitsch j.komitsch@haversouthernafrica.co.za Phone: +27 11 794 3841

A HAVER & BOECKER Company

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