Chemistryacademy 2014 2015 s1 printed by ChemistryAdventure

d

m v

    



  

mol A x

mol B  mol B mol A

mol A mol B x  mol B g A mol A

mol B g B x g B mol A mol B

gA x

mol A x

L atm mol K

mol A mol B gB x x  gB gA mol A mol B

R  0.0821

gA x

P1V1  P2V2   

 



D D D D

D D





Student Safety Contract School Name____________________________ Teacher______________________ Science is a hands-on laboratory class. However, science activities may have potential hazards. We will use some equipment and animals that may be dangerous if not handled properly. Safety in the science classroom is an important part of the scientific process. To ensure a safe classroom, a list of rules has been developed and is called the Science Safety Contract. These rules must be followed at all times. Additional safety instructions will be given for each activity. No science student will be allowed to participate in science activities until this contract has been signed by both the student and a parent or guardian.

SAFETY RULES 1. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times in the science room. Horseplay, practical jokes, and pranks will not be tolerated. 2. Follow all written and verbal instructions carefully. Ask your teacher questions if you do not understand the instructions. 3. Do not touch any equipment, supplies, animals, or other materials in the science room without permission from the teacher. 4. Perform only authorized and approved experiments. Do not conduct any experiments when the teacher is out of the room. 5. Never eat, drink, chew gum, or taste anything in the science room. 6. Keep hands away from face, eyes, and mouth while using science materials or when working with either chemicals or animals. Wash your hands with soap and water before leaving the science room. 7. Wear safety glasses or goggles when instructed. Never remove safety glasses or goggles during an experiment. There will be no exceptions to this rule! 8. Keep your work area and the science room neat and clean. Bring only your laboratory instructions, worksheets, and writing instruments to the work area. 9. Clean all work areas and equipment at the end of the experiment. Return all equipment clean and in working order to the proper storage area. 10. Follow your teacher’s instructions to dispose of any waste materials generated in an experiment. 11. Report any accident (fire, spill, breakage, etc.), injury (cut, burn, etc.), or hazardous condition (broken equipment, etc.) to the teacher immediately. 12. Consider all chemicals used in the science room to be dangerous. Do not touch or smell any chemicals unless specifically instructed to do so. 13. Handle all animals with care and respect. a. _Open animal cages only with permission. b. _Never handle any animals when the teacher is out of the room. c. _Do not take animals out of the science room. d. _Do not tease or handle animals roughly. e. _Keep animals away from students’ faces. f. Wear gloves when handling animals. g. _Report any animal bite or scratch to the teacher immediately. 14. Always carry a microscope with both hands. Hold the arm with one hand; place the other hand under the base.

15. Treat all preserved specimens and dissecting supplies with care and respect. a. _Do not remove preserved specimens from the science room. b. _Use scalpels, scissors, and other sharp instruments only as instructed. c. _Never cut any material towards you—always cut away from your body. d. _Report any cut or scratch from sharp instruments to the teacher immediately. 16. Never open storage cabinets or enter the prep/storage room without permission from the teacher. 17. Do not remove chemicals, equipment, supplies, or animals from the science room without permission from the teacher. 18. Handle all glassware with care. Never pick up hot or broken glassware with your bare hands. 19. Use extreme caution when using matches, a burner, or hot plate. Only light burners when instructed and do not put anything into a flame unless specifically instructed to do so. Do not leave a lit burner unattended. 20. Dress properly—long hair must be tied back, no dangling jewelry, and no loose or baggy clothing. Wear aprons when instructed. 21. Learn where the safety equipment is located and how to use it. Know where the exits are located and what to do in case of an emergency or fire drill.

AGREEMENT I, ___________________________ ,_(student’s name) have read and understand each of the above safety rules set forth in this contract. I agree to follow them to ensure not only my own safety but also the safety of others in the science classroom or laboratory. I also agree to follow the general rules of appropriate behavior for a classroom at all times to avoid accidents and to provide a safe learning environment for everyone. I understand that if I do not follow all the rules and safety precautions, I will not be allowed to participate in science activities. Student Signature Date Dear Parent or Guardian: We feel that you should be informed of the school’s effort to create and maintain a safe science classroom/ laboratory environment. Please read the list of safety rules. No student will be permitted to perform science activities unless this contract is signed by both the student and parent/guardian and is on file with the teacher. Your signature on this contract indicates that you have read this Science Safety Contract, reviewed it with your child, and are aware of the measures taken to ensure the safety of your son/daughter in the science classroom. Parent/Guardian Signature Date Important questions: Does your child wear contact lenses? Y or N Is your child color blind? Y or N Does your child have any allergies? Y or N If so, please list:

Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________________

SCIENCE SAFETY TEST . If a fire erupts, immediately A. notify the teacher. B. run for the fire extinguisher. C. throw water on the fire. D. open the windows. 2. Approved eye protection devices (such as goggles) are worn in the laboratory A. to avoid eye strain. B. to improve your vision. C. only if you do not have corrective glasses. D. any time chemicals, heat, or glassware are used. 3. If you do not understand a direction or part of a laboratory procedure, you should A. figure it out as you do the lab. B. try several methods until something works. C. ask the teacher before proceeding. D. skip it and go on to the next part. 4. After completing an experiment, all chemical wastes should be A. left at your lab station for the next class. B. disposed of according to your teacherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s directions. C. dumped in the sink. D. taken home. 5. You have been injured in the laboratory (cut, burned, etc.). First you should A. visit the school nurse after class. B. see a doctor after school. C. tell the teacher at once. D. apply first aid yourself. 6. Long hair in the laboratory must be A. cut short. B. held away from the experiment with one hand. C. always neatly groomed. D. tied back or kept entirely out of the way with a hair band, etc. 7. Which of the following should NOT be worn during a laboratory activity? A. loose clothing B. dangling jewelry C. sandals

D. All of the above. 8. Horseplay, practical jokes, or pranks in the classroom are A. always against the rules. B. okay. C. not dangerous. D. okay if you are working alone. 9. When handling animals, students should A. open cages only with permission. B. not tease or handle animals roughly. C. report bites or scratches to the teacher immediately. D. All of the above. 10. If a piece of equipment is not working properly, stop, turn it off, and tell A. the principal. B. your lab partner. C. your best friend in the class. D. the teacher. 11. When you finish working with chemicals, biological specimens, and other lab substances, always A. treat your hands with skin lotion. B. wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. C. wipe your hands on a towel. D. wipe your hands on your clothes. 12. The following activity is permitted in the laboratory: A. chewing gum B. eating C. drinking D. None of the above.

13. When using a razor blade or scalpel, always cut material A. away from you. B. toward you. C. in your hand. D. perpendicular. 14. Before you leave the science room, you should A. clean your work area and equipment. B. return all equipment to the proper storage area. C. wash your hands with soap and water. D. All of the above. 15. Draw a diagram of your science room and label the locations of the following: ■ Fire Blanket ■ Fire Extinguisher(s) ■ Exits ■ Eyewash Station

■ Emergency Shower ■ Waste Disposal Containers ■ Fume Hood ■ Emergency Shut-off (gas, water, or electric)

True—False TF 1.

____ All chemicals in the lab (including foodstuffs and store-bought chemicals) should be treated as if they could be hazardous.

____ Work areas should be kept clean and tidy.

____ Laboratory work may be started immediately upon entering the laboratory even if the teacher is not yet present.

____ Never remove chemicals, specimens, or other equipment from the laboratory.

____ Always carry a microscope using both hands.

____ Read all procedures thoroughly before performing a laboratory investigation.

____ All unauthorized experiments are prohibited.

____ You are allowed to enter the chemical preparation/storage area any time you need to get an item.

____ It is okay to pick up broken glass with your bare hands as long as the glass is placed in the trash can.

____ Do not leave a lit burner unattended.www.flinnsci.com





O alkane

alkene O

NH2 amine

ether

alkyne O

O O

aldehyde

ketone

alcohol O

ester

NH amide

carboxylic acid

  

    

  

O H H

C H

O C C

H O H

H C O

Br Br

C C

H C H

O NH

I’m sure you would all like to ace your first chemistry test. Here’s how:

1. Test yourself on the topics below to see what you know and don’t know. 2. Review this packet in its entirety. Be familiar with each of the topics that were covered in the powerpoint presentation. 3. Write down what you don’t know yet. If you don’t know something, ask a friend or ask me. 4. If you are missing anything it may be available on the class website: http://www.chemistryacademy.com





measurement

SI Units unit

symbol

size

Unit Prefixes Prefix

mass volume distance amount brightness current time

kilogram liter meter mole candela ampere Second

kg L m mol cd A s

nano (n) micro (m) milli (m) centi (c) kilo (k) mega (M) giga (G)

billionth millionth thousandth hundredth thousand million billion

3. Complete the table Unit of measurement Length Mass Temperature brightness

6. Complete the table. Prefix Symbol

We usually use

Factor

But SI units require

Scientific notation

example

Giga Mega centi micro n

1,000 . . . .

10-3 microgram

Scientific notation 10-9 10-6 10-3 10-2 103 106 109

0.0821

𝐿 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾

𝑚𝐿 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 0𝐶

• • • •

_________ __________

________

_____________

pebbles Iron filings Method salt sugar sand

sand Iron filings pebbles

pebbles

Iron filings Method salt sugar

salt

Method Iron filings

Iron filings salt sugar

salt Method sugar



  

The 1989 IBM Atomic Image

By Your Name Here

Abstract: In 1989 Don Eigler from IBM ushered in the nanotechnology revolution by moving individual Xenon atoms to create the image shown above.

35 Xenon Atoms

Source: http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/22260.wss

Eiglers Lab Notebook

Eigler with his STM Source: http://www.tainano.com/chin/Eigler.htm

Don Eigler (2006)

Source: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/06/13/don_eigler_valley/

Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/456735511/in/set-30000/

Don Eigler and the 1989 IBM Atomic Image The question “What is everything made out of” is one of the most fundamental questions of mankind, right up there with “Why are we here?”, and “Will that be on the test?”. Recorded ideas date back over 6000 years,1 first popularized in the west by the work of Democritus. Arguably the most compelling evidence for the atom being the fundamental particle of nature involves the human senses- smell, touch, sight, etc. Because of the small size of the atom, none of these are directly possible, so perhaps the next best thing is to observe it with the help of an instrument. This may have first occurred as early as 1981, 2 but the image that popularized it was taken by Dr. Don Eigler in 1989.3 Don Eigler is a ponytailed, well educated physicist and surfer. In 1989, he designed his own scanning tunneling microscope. An image of him with his instrument was taken during a 2006 interview.4 While studying the surfaces of solids, he came up with the idea of limiting the movement of atoms by performing his experiments at a few degrees Kelvin- close to absolute zero. In his own words from the 2006 interview, he found that “Through a combination of hard work, some horse sense and good, old fashioned blind luck, I happened to be positioned to discover that I could manipulate individual atoms with a scanning tunneling microscope.” Having discovered the ability to move individual atoms, Eigler decided to create a work of art to document his discovery. What he created is an image of the letters I B M using the noble gas Xenon, a dense and unreactive colorless gas. Was he forced at gunpoint to do the bidding of his IBM bosses?? According to Eigler: “I made that decision on my own. Management never said anything to me beforehand, and I did it with a very clear purpose in my mind. IBM gave me a job, gave me the opportunity when I needed one, gave me the opportunity to excel at doing the things that I love in life, and it was payback time. I pull no punches on that. It was my way of giving back to the corporation some of what the corporation gave to me.” Does Eigler get bored recounting the discovery, now that two decades have passed? “I don't mind talking to people when they're curious, for instance, about what I was thinking about or why did I do this or something like that. The thing is that I always get introduced to people as the guy who wrote I-B-M in atoms. After you have heard that enough times, you don't really need to hear it five more times.” Eiglers current interests are in the field of Spintronics, 5 a speculative field where future computers will be based not electricity (the translational movement of electrons) but on their spin…a sort of electricity where the electrons stay where they are. Sources: 1. Gangopadhyaya, Mrinalkanti (1981). Indian Atomism: History and Sources. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press. ISBN 0-391-02177. 2. G. Binnig, H. Rohrer “Scanning tunneling microscopy” IBM Journal of Research and Development 30,4 (1986) reprinted 44,½ Jan/Mar (2000). Available on the web at http://researchweb.watson.ibm.com/journal/rd/441/binnig.pdf 3. Imaging Xe with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. DM Eigler, PS Weiss, EK Schweizer, ND Lang - Physical Review Letters, 1991 1189-1192. 4. A man and his microscope: IBM's quest to make atom-sized chips. The silver surfer speaks. Ashlee Vance, The Register, June 13, 2006. Available on the web at http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/06/13/don_eigler_valley/ 5 Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future. S. A. Wolf et al., Science 2001, Vol. 294. no. 5546, pp. 1488 - 1495

19 9

F-

9 protons 10 neutrons 10 electrons

20 protons 21 neutrons 18 electrons

235

92 protons 143 neutrons 92 electrons

1 valence electron

2 valence electrons

Group 1

hydrogen 1.01 (H is a nonmetal)

Group 2

sodium

K potassium

24.31

calcium 40.08

39.10

ď &#x160;

rubidium

strontium 87.62

85.47 55

132.91 87

cesium

francium 223.02

barium 137.33 88

radium

226.02

Transition metals: 2 valence electrons

magnesium

22.99

9.01 12

Group 3

scandium 44.96 39

yttrium

Group 4

titanium 47.90

Zr zirconium

88.91

Lutetium

hafnium

174.97

178.49

lawrencium

actinium 227.03

Ce cerium 140.12

thorium 232.04

niobium

Group 6

tantalum

molybdenum 95.94

dubnium 262.11

praseodymium

140.91 91

protactinium

231.04

technetium 96.91

tungsten

rhenium

183.85

186.21

180.95 105

Group 7

chromium manganese 52.00 54.94

92.91

261.11

lanthanum 138.91 89

rutherfordium

262.11

104

vanadium 50.94

91.22

103

Group 5

106

seaborgium

107

263.12

neodymium 144.24 92

U uranium 238.03

bohrium 264.12

promethium 144.91 93

neptunium 237.05

Group 8

iron 55.85

Group 9

cobalt 58.93 45

ruthenium

osmium 190.20

108

hassium

samarium 150.41 94

plutonium 244.06

Group 10

platinum 195.09

110

europium 151.96 95

americium 243.06

silver 107.87

gold 196.97

111

Darmstadtium roentgenium

(268)

106.40 78

copper 63.55

palladium

192.22 109

nickel 58.71

iridium

Meitnerium

Group 11

102.91

265.13

rhodium

101.07 76

(272)

(281)

gadolinium 157.25 96

curium (247)

terbium 158.92 97

berkelium (249)

zinc 65.37

cadmium 112.40 80

mercury 200.59 112

Uub

Ununbium (285)

dysprosium 162.50 98

californium (251)

silicon

gallium

indium

Uut

Uuq

bismuth

polonium (210)

208.98 115

Uup

116

Uuh

neon

20.18

chlorine

argon

35.45

39.95

krypton

bromine

83.80

79.91

tellurium 127.60

121.75

19.00

iodine 126.90

xenon

131.30 86

astatine

radon

(210)

(220)

Uus

117

118

Uuo

ununtrium ununquadium ununpentium ununhexium ununseptium ununoctium (289) (295) (284) (289) (288) (293)

Holmium 164.93 99

Sb 52 Te Antimony)

207.19 114

selenium 78.96

74.92

lead

204.37 113

thallium

He helium 4.00

fluorine

32.07

tin 118.69

114.82 81

sulfur

arsenic

72.59

69.72

5p 6p

germanium

30.97 33

-1

Group 17

16.00 16

phosphorus

oxygen

28.09

14.01 15

Noble gases

Group 18

halogens

Group 16

nitrogen

26.98

Group 15

carbon 12.01

aluminum

Group 12

-3 -2

Group 14

boron 10.81 13

+4, -4

beryllium

6.94

Group 13

lithium 11

metal

Valence electrons:

Alkaline earth metals

nonmetal

Alkali metals

einsteinium (254)

erbium 167.26 100

fermium 257.10

thulium 168.93 101

mendelevium (256)

ytterbium 173.04 102

nobelium (254)

Atomic number to 71

Symbol:

scandium to 103

44.96 metal metalloid

Solid Liquid Gas

Manmade

name Atomic mass

nonmetal

1 valence electron

2 valence electrons

Group 1

hydrogen 1.01 (H is a nonmetal)

Group 2

sodium

4s 5s

potassium 39.10

24.31

rubidium

calcium 40.08 38

strontium 87.62

85.47 55

132.91 87

cesium

francium 223.02

barium 137.33 88

radium

226.02

Transition metals: 2 valence electrons

magnesium

22.99

9.01

Group 3

scandium 44.96 39

Y yttrium

hafnium 178.49

104

actinium 227.03

Ce cerium 140.12

thorium 232.04

vanadium 50.94 41

niobium 92.91 73

tantalum

Group 6

105

dubnium 262.11

praseodymium

140.91 91

protactinium

231.04

Group 7

chromium manganese 52.00 54.94 42

molybdenum 95.94 74

rhenium 186.21

seaborgium

107

neodymium 144.24 92

U uranium 238.03

bohrium

263.12

264.12

promethium 144.91 93

iron 55.85

technetium 96.91

neptunium 237.05

183.85 106

Group 8

tungsten

180.95

261.11

lanthanum 138.91 89

rutherfordium

262.11

91.22

174.97

6d lawrencium

Group 5

zirconium

Lutetium

103

titanium 47.90

88.91 71

Group 4

Group 9

ruthenium 101.07

osmium 190.20

108

hassium

samarium 150.41 94

plutonium 244.06

195.09

Meitnerium (268)

europium 151.96 95

americium 243.06

platinum

110

copper 63.55

palladium 106.40

192.22

nickel 58.71

iridium

109

Group 11

rhodium 102.91

265.13

cobalt 58.93

Group 10

silver 107.87 79

gold 196.97

111

Darmstadtium roentgenium (272) (281)

gadolinium 157.25 96

curium (247)

terbium 158.92 97

berkelium (249)

zinc 65.37

cadmium 112.40 80

mercury 200.59 112

Uub

Ununbium (285)

dysprosium 162.50 98

californium (251)

indium 114.82

7p 67

Uut

Uuq

ununtrium ununquadium

(284)

164.93

einsteinium (254)

(289)

erbium 167.26 100

fermium 257.10

Antimony) 121.75

115

(210) 116

Uuh

neon

20.18

chlorine

argon

35.45

39.95

krypton

bromine

83.80

79.91

iodine 126.90

xenon 131.30 86

astatine

radon

(210)

(220)

Uus

117

118

Uuo

ununpentium ununhexium ununseptium ununoctium (289) (295) (288) (293)

thulium 168.93 101

19.00

tellurium 127.60

polonium

Uup

208.98

207.19 114

selenium 78.96

bismuth

lead

204.37

Holmium 99

thallium

113

tin 118.69

74.92

He helium 4.00

fluorine

32.07

arsenic

72.59

sulfur

germanium

69.72

30.97

gallium

-1

Group 17

16.00

phosphorus

28.09

oxygen

silicon

26.98

14.01

Noble gases

Group 18

halogens

Group 16

nitrogen

aluminum

Group 12

Group 15

carbon 12.01

-3 -2

Group 14

boron 10.81

+4, -4

beryllium

6.94

Group 13

lithium 11

metal

Valence electrons:

Alkaline earth metals

nonmetal

Alkali metals

mendelevium (256)

ytterbium 173.04 102

nobelium (254)

Atomic number to 71

Symbol:

scandium to 103

44.96 metal metalloid

Solid Liquid Gas

Manmade

name Atomic mass

nonmetal



 

  

  



w

1 1 1  0.01097 2  2  2 n 

2 valence electrons

Alkali metals

Group 1

hydrogen 1.01

Alkaline earth metals Group 2

3s 19

24.31

Rb Cs

francium 223.02

40.08 38

87.62 56

barium 137.33 88

radium 226.02

Monovalent cations: Group 1, Ag: +1 Group 2, Zn: +2 Group 3, Al: +3

scandium 44.96 39

strontium

Lutetium 174.97

lawrencium

103

(and NH4+)

titanium 47.90

La Ac

hafnium 178.49 104

rutherfordium

Ce cerium 140.12

thorium 232.04

niobium 92.91 73

tantalum 180.95 105

dubnium

261.11

vanadium 50.94

91.22

lanthanum 138.91

actinium 227.03

Group 5

zirconium

262.11

Group 4

yttrium 88.91

common anions

Transition metals: 2 valence electrons Group 3

calcium

cesium 132.91

6s 7s

magnesium

22.99

rubidium 85.47 55

sodium

potassium 39.10 37

262.11

praseodymium

140.91 91

protactinium

231.04

Group 6

Group 7

chromium manganese 52.00 54.94 42

molybdenum 95.94 74

tungsten 183.85 106

seaborgium 263.12

technetium 96.91 75

rhenium 186.21 107

bohrium 264.12

neodymium 144.24

promethium 144.91

U uranium 238.03

neptunium 237.05

Group 8

iron 55.85 44

Group 9

ruthenium 101.07 76

osmium 190.20 108

hassium 265.13

samarium 150.41 94

plutonium 244.06

cobalt 58.93

rhodium 102.91 77

iridium 192.22 109

Meitnerium

Group 10

europium 151.96 95

americium 243.06

nickel 58.71 46

copper 63.55 47

palladium 106.40 78

silver 107.87 79

platinum 195.09 110

gold 196.97 111

Darmstadtium roentgenium

(268)

Group 11

(272)

(281)

gadolinium 157.25 96

Cm curium (247)

berkelium (249)

dysprosium 162.50

113

californium (251)

Holmium 164.93 99

114

208.98

Uuq

Se Te

115

Uup

argon 39.95

117

iodine 126.90

Uuh

krypton 83.80

bromine 79.91

116

35.45

polonium (210)

neon 20.18

chlorine

tellurium 127.60 84

bismuth

lead 207.19

19.00 17

selenium 78.96

Antimony) 121.75

Uut

Sn tin 118.69

fluorine

sulfur 32.07 34

xenon 131.30 86

astatine (210)

Uus

radon (220) 118

Uuo

ununtrium ununquadium ununpentium ununhexium ununseptium ununoctium (289) (295) (284) (289) (288) (293)

7p 67

He helium 4.00

Group 17

16.00

arsenic 74.92

72.59

thallium 204.37

oxygen

Group 16

30.97

germanium

-2 8

phosphorus

28.09

indium 114.82

Uub

Ununbium (285)

69.72 49

-1

halogens

14.01

silicon

gallium

mercury 200.59 112

cadmium 112.40

aluminum 26.98 31

zinc 65.37

terbium 158.92 97

Group 12

nitrogen

carbon 12.01 14

Group 15

Noble gases Group 18

-3 7

boron 10.81

9.01

Group 14

beryllium

6.94

lithium

+4, -4

Group 13

(H is a nonmetal)

Valence electrons: metal nonmetal

1 valence electron

einsteinium (254)

erbium 167.26 100

fermium 257.10

thulium 168.93 101

mendelevium (256)

ytterbium 173.04 102

nobelium (254)

to 71

Atomic number

Symbol: Solid Liquid Gas Manmade

scandium

to 103

44.96

name Atomic mass

metal metalloid

nonmetal

solution :



  



  

  



  

16S:

1s2 2s2 2p2 3s2 3p4

Principles and rules of electron configuration Principle or rule Heisenberg

Bad

Good

1s22p1

1s22s1

(e-position uncertain)

1s1

Aufbau (build up) Hundâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Rule (spread out) Pauli (opp. spins)

1s22s22p2 1s2

Unit 5 electrons Dr. B.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ChemAdventure

1s22s22p2 1s2

3d periodic table scoring Please score yourself on your periodic tables and hand in to me. Period____ Names: ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ __________ Accuracy: (for example, each element shows a number, straws are straight and true, arranged individually rather than by group) _____Your score _____teacher score Neatness: (for example, highly legible, ruler used, typed in places, large clear title, etc) _____Your score _____teacher score Completeness (for example, your table has a prominent title, individual numbers for each element in the element box, and a straw or equivalent for each element _____Your score _____teacher score Utility (for example a clear trend is visible, small differences can be differentiated, numbers on elements can be referred to, units are provided, etc) _____Your score _____teacher score

total: ________/40

our essential question:

O O O

OH H

NH O O OH

O O

1. taxol (paclitaxel)

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stock value ď&#x20AC;˝

new price x investment original price

560 dollars x 1000 dollars ď&#x20AC;˝ 1150 dollars 485 dollars

st ck va u

â&#x20AC;˛s s

$21 $20

x $500,000

$525,000

I H OH

O O

NH O

H O

HO H O

O O

O OH O

O O

O OO O

1. taxol (paclitaxel)

azadirachtin

O N

Co N N

O O

3. Vitamin B12

OH O

H O O H O

H O

OH OH 4. ginsenoside rb2

N O

OH H

OH HO

O N

OH OH

O O

HO Na O S O O O

HO HO HO

H O

O H

H O H

O H

H O

O H HO H

H O H

O H O

H O H H

OH OH O O O S O OH Na H O H

H O H H O H H

O H HO H HO

HO HO

O H

H OH

H O OH H

OH H HO

H OH

HO OH H HO O H HO

H O

O H

O H O H

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click on images to manipulate

F F

H H

C H

H C

C H H H H

H C C H H O C H H H

H H C

OH C C

OH H

• • • • •

•

Lithium

Aluminum

Sodium

bicarbonate

Calcium

Rubidium

Oxide

Fluoride

Beryllium

hypochlorite

iodide

dichromate

Barium

carbonate

nitrite

Francium

Zinc

bromate

iodate

silver

nitride

phosphide

hydroxide

phosphate

+ 1

0 + 2

+ 3

polyvalent

- -1 2

Br N

H O

Si F Li

D H H N C H H C H H H

and

H H C H N H C H H H

r r r r  

go to 71

go to 103

d

m v

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mol A x

mol B  mol B mol A

mol A mol B x  mol B g A mol A

mol B g B x g B mol A mol B

gA x

mol A x

L atm mol K

mol A mol B gB x x  gB gA mol A mol B

R  0.0821

gA x

P1V1  P2V2   

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D D D D

D D

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r r r r r

r r r r r r r r r r

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→

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I 12

magnesium 24.31

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sulfur 32.07

1. Ice melts. What are the COOL signs of a chemical reaction you observed? Is it a chemical reaction? _____ How could you prove it? 2. Wood burns. What are the COOL signs of a chemical reaction you observed? Is it a chemical reaction? _____ How could you prove it?

3. Iron rusts. What are the COOL signs of a chemical reaction? Is it a chemical reaction? _____ How could you prove it?

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NO2 H

H O2N

NO2 H

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10 grams H 2 x

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mole H 2 2 moles H 2 O x  5 moles H 2 O 2 grams H 2 2 moles H 2

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𝑚1𝐻1

𝑚2𝐻2

M2 M1

vice president sir robert boyle

M2 M1

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M2 M1

44 4

 3.3

P1V1  P2V2 ; (800 atm)(10 L)  (1 atm)(V2 ); V2 

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(800 atm)(10 L)  8000 L (1 atm)

’

T1 T2  V1 V2

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T1 T2 340 K T2  ;  V1 V2 140 mL 50 mL

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T1 T2  P1 P2

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200

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(

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procedure

molecular view + vocabulary

5.1 g 180.16 g/mol

.1005 L

1 mole NaOH 40 g NaOH x x 0.1 liter solution ď&#x20AC;˝ 4 g NaOH liter solution mole NaOH

HO Greasy: will dissolve in greasy solvents

watery: will dissolve in watery solvents (like water)

watery region

A â&#x20AC;&#x153;brickâ&#x20AC;?: hard to dissolve in anything.

S1 S2  P1 P2

S1 S2 3.3 g /L 9.9 g/L (1 atm)(9.9 g/L)  ;  ; x=  3 atm P1 P2 1 atm x (3.3 g/L)

Percent solution by mass ď&#x20AC;˝

Percent solution by volume ď&#x20AC;˝

mass solute x 100 mass solution

volume solute x 100 volume solution

moles of solute Liters of solution

40 g NaCl 0.5 moles NaCl x x 0.08 Liters solution = 1.6 grams NaCl Liter of solution mole NaCl

Percent solution by mass ď&#x20AC;˝

Percent solution by volume ď&#x20AC;˝

mass solute x 100 mass solution

volume solute x 100 volume solution

moles of solute Liters of solution

째

c

q mDT

D 𝑞𝑚 𝑚𝑚 D𝑇𝑚

1900 𝐽 (50 𝑔)(

D 𝑞𝑚 𝑚𝑚 D𝑇𝑚

_______𝐽 (____ 𝑔)(______

Please complete the items below: D

Percent accuracy= measured chip calories/actual chip calories x 100

Name_____________________________________________________________ How much did it cost to take a shower this morning? Please answer as organized as possible based on the following data: 10 minute shower Water flow 6 gallons per minute Water heated from 25 to 75 degrees Celsius Specific heat of water is 4.184 j/gOC Water heated electrically, cost is 10cents per kilowatt hour (kwh) 3,600,000 J = 1 kwh Lets assume 50% heat loss for warming pipes, hot water heating efficiency, etc. Hint: use q = mcDT to get joules then convert to kwh then cents; donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t forget to factor in the 50% heat loss. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d like to see a nice organized answer. Use pencil, and erase and rewrite where necessary. ______________________________________________________________

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D D

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D  •

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D D D D

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D D

° °

DG = DH –TDS Where

DG = Gibbs Free Energy DH = Enthalpy in Joules T = Temperature (K) And DS = Entropy in Joules/K

D D

 D

D D

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reaction rate 

Δconcentra tion Δtime

 reaction rate 

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Δconcentration Δtime

0.100 mol / L  0.22 mol / L 4s

 0.03

mol liter  sec

collision theory

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105 103 3

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Molarity of unknown =

vinegar Molarity =

molarity of known x liters of known liters of unknown

(NaOH Molarity)(NaOH volume) vinegar volume

60 grams acetic acid 180 g acetic acid 3 moles acetic acid 1 liter solution x x = = 18% Liter solution 1 mole acetic acid 1000 grams solution 1000 g solution

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common name stomach acid

name hydrochloric acid

hydrobromic acid

HBr

milk of magnesia

nitric acid

HNO3

sulfuric acid

H2SO4

phosphoric acid lye

HCl

hydrofluoric acid hydrioidic acid

vinegar

formula

acetic acid sodium hydroxide

H3PO4 CH3CO2H NaOH

magnesium hydroxide

Mg(OH)2

calcium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2

ammonia

triethylamine

NH3

(CH3CH2)3N

[H+][OH-] = 10-14 Enter 10^-14/1.66E-4

pH 3.78 [H+] = 10-pH

Enter 10^-3.78

[H+]

pOH

[OH-]

Acid or base? Example

1.66 x 10-4

10.22

6.0 x 10-11

Acid Orange juice

pH + pOH = 14 Enter 14-3.78

Use the change sign (-) button, not the subtract button

pH>7 = base pH<7 = acid

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 D

D 

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D D D D

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D D