70 Food exports plunged due to nuclear crisis, The Yomiuri Shimbun, 11 January 2012
92 Fukushima farmers furious over lack of consideration in decontamination subsidies, Mainichi Japan, 2 February 2012
71 Fukushima plans exhaustive tests of 2012 rice, Asahi, 6 January 2012
93 Ploughing technique to fight spread of radiation demonstrated, Mainichi Japan, 4 February 2012
72 Reported by the Ministry of Health http://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/2r9852000001p90satt/2r9852000001p95n.pdf 73 9 becquerels per litre for Cs137, 6 Bq/l for Cs134 and 4 Bq/l for iodine 74 Statement of the working group on the support on the quake, Oceanographic Society of Japan, 25 July 2011 http://www.kaiyo-gakkai.jp/main/2011/07/post-157.html
94 Residents near Fukushima mountains face nuclear recontamination every rainfall, Mainichi Japan, 11 October 2011 95 No simple steps to carrying out decontamination work, Asahi, 5 December 2011 96 Decontamination of houses under way, The Yomiuri Shimbun, 16 November 2011
75 Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, Regarding the Evaluation of the Conditions on Reactor Cores of Unit 1, 2 and 3 related to the Accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Co. Inc., 6 June 2011 http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/press/2011/06/en20110615-5.pdf
97 Fukushima gives radiation meters to pregnant women and children, Asahi, 26 June 2011
76 In January 2012, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare acknowledged that it has been unable to track the distribution routes of 2,996 cows among 4,626 whose meat is suspected to contain high levels of radioactive caesium. 6.4% of the 1,630 animals tested had radioactive caesium exceeding the government’s provisional limit of 500 becquerels per kilogramme (Suspect cattle still untested / Location of nearly 3,000 cows in radiation scare remains unknown, The Yomiuri Shimbun, 27 January 2012)
99 Evacuees may move due to radioactive concrete, Asahi, 16 January 2012
77 679 becquerels per kilogram of radioactive cesium. Radiation above standards found in Shizuoka tea. Asahi, 11 June 2011 78 Government orders Fukushima to halt rice shipments, Asahi, 17 November 2011 79 15 Pct of Rice Tainted with Excessive Radiation: Fukushima Pref. Jiji Press, 25 November 2011 80 Radioactive cesium content higher in Fukushima fruits, mushrooms, Asahi, 19 January 2012 81 Fukushima farmers in a jam / Fruit growers see orders plunge due to fears over radiation, The Yomiuri Shimbun, 14 August 2011 82 Ministry seeking lower radiation levels for infants, Asahi, 21 December 2011 83 Radiation testing on school lunches differs, The Yomiuri Shimbun, 29 January 2012 84 Japan to clean up areas with radiation of 1 millisievert or more, Mainichi Japan, 15 December 2011 85 No-Go Zone Designation Could Be Lifted with 20 Millisieverts: Hosono, Jiji Press, 15 December 2011
98 Schoolgirl in Fukushima exposed to high level of radiation in September, Mainichi Japan, 2 November 2011
100 Fukushima to provide lifetime thyroid tests in wake of nuclear crisis, Mainichi Japan, 25 July 2011 101 Hayashi, Y. 2011. Japanese seek out `Hot Spots´, Wall Street Journal, 19 October 2011 102 Residents near Fukushima nuclear plant make own radiation map, clean contaminated areas, Mainichi Japan, 25 September 2011 103 Association pour le Contrôle de la Radioactivité de l`Quest (ACRO). http://acro.eu.org 104 Personal interview, 4 October, 2 November, 2011 and 16 January 2012 105 Please see section 3.3.1 on how the IAEA first recommended evacuation and then withdrew its statement two days later, after criticism by the Japanese government. 106 Personal interview, 4 October, 2 November, 2011 and 16 January 2012 107 Figures come from TEPCO, Personal interview with Yoshikazu Nagai and Hiroki Kawamata, Corporate Communications Department, 13 January 2011 108 10% of compensation forms filed/TEPCO’s arduous application process blamed for claimant’s slow response, The Daily Yomiuri, 31 October 2011. http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T111012005321.htm (accessed 23 January 2012) 109 Figures come from TEPCO and from interviews with Hideyuki Ban, Secretary General of the Citizens’ Nuclear Information Center. 110 Personal Interview, 14 January 2012
86 Govt speeds rezoning of contaminated areas, The Yomiuri Shimbun, 18 December 2011
111 Tokyo has the world’s highest cost of living, according to The Economist. Pocket World in Figures. 2010. p.90.
87 Road map released for Fukushima decontamination, Asahi, 27 January 2012
112 Personal Interview, 17 January 2012.
88 2007 ICRP Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP Publication 103; Ann. ICRP 37 (2–4). 89 Japan to clean up areas with radiation of 1 millisievert or more, Mainichi Japan, 15 December 2011 90 Schools in Fukushima clearing radioactive dirt, but nowhere to dump it, Asahi, 12 August 2011 91 28 million cubic metres of ‘hot’ soil in Fukushima / Ministry aims to set storage site guidelines, The Yomiuri Shimbun, 26 September 2011
48
Greenpeace International Lessons from Fukushima
113 A copy of this act can be found at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation/japan-docs/Japan-NuclearDamage-Compensation-Act.pdf (accessed 23 January 2012). The operator is exonerated from liability in cases of ‘grave natural disaster of an exceptional character,’ but at the time of writing it seems that TEPCO has not invoked this exception. 114 Personal Interview, 25 January 2012