Regional Analysis Report
1
Πίνακας περιεχομένων A.
PA’ s QUESTIONNAIRES REPORT: ...................................................................................... 3
B.
SME’s QUESTIONNAIRES REPORT: .................................................................................. 36
C.
COMPARISON OF THE QUESTIONAIRES RESULTS ........................................................... 63
D. ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS IN RELATION WITH THE ECONOMIC STATE OF YOUR REGION .................................................................................................................... 66 E.
CURRENT ENERGY STATE OF YOUR REGION ................................................................... 68 1)
Energy state of region of Attica ................................................................................... 68
2)
Energy Types and Mix of the region of Attica ............................................................. 68
3)
Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 71
F.
CURRENT e-GPP SYSTEM IN GREECE ............................................................................... 71 1.
Legal Framework for the Public Procurements ........................................................... 72
1.1.1. Legal Framework for Public Procurement - Basic principles applicable to Public Procurement........................................................................................................................ 72 1.1.2.
Public Procurement Main regulations ................................................................. 72
1.1.3.
External Costs of Municipalities .......................................................................... 73
1.1.4.
Budget limits & procedures for Public Procurements ......................................... 73
2.
G.
Legal Framework for the Electronic Public Procurements .......................................... 74
2.1.1.
Green Aspect in Procurements............................................................................ 75
2.1.2.
Methodology ....................................................................................................... 75
2.1.3.
Concerns beyond the technical level................................................................... 76
2.1.4.
The future of E-Procurements in Greece ............................................................ 76
BENEFITS FROM GRASP METHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 76
2
A. PA’ s QUESTIONNAIRES REPORT:
1. Is the Administrative Authority you represent: The 80% represents local NUT3 and the 20% represents local NUT2.
Is the Administrative Authority you represent: A Regional (NUTS 1) Authority? A Local (NUTS 2) Authority? A Local (NUTS 3) Authority? 0% 20%
80%
2. In your opinion, what is Green Public Procurement (GPP)? The 40% believes that GPP is “the supply of products and services that aim at saving the energy consumed for the intended use”. The other 40% believes that GPP is “the procedures with which the Public sector procures products or services with the use of green criteria for the evaluation of the offers” and the last 20% that GPP is “the selection of raw materials, production, packaging, disposal, and recycling of materials that are used to produce a product or to provide a service”.
3
In your opinion, what is Green Public Procurement (GPP)? the procedures with which the Public sector procures products or services with the use of green criteria for the evaluation of the offers The supply of products and services that aim at saving the energy consumed for the intended use. The selection of raw materials, production, packaging, disposal, and recycling of materials that are used to produce a product or to provide a service.
20% 40%
40%
3. Is there a GPP policy in your country? The 80% answered “yes” and the other 20% answered that there isn‟t. Is there a GPP policy in your country? Yes
No
20% 80%
4. If yes, can you please describe it briefly: The 40% stated that “according to the law 3885/2010, the Ministry of the Environment, Energy and Climate Change is responsible for the promotion of the 4
necessary legislation and actions required for the implementation of the relevant provisions of GPP. The European Directive 2012/27/EE on energy efficiency was adopted in October 2012 and in 18 months since then has to become a state law”, the other 40% stated that “according to the law 3885/2010, article 18, an Interministerial Committee was formed for the preparation of an action plan for the promotion of the Green Public Procurements and the drafting of environmental criteria’ and the last 20% answered no because of ‘delayed coordination between international and national legislation”. The National Regulation for GPP in my country states that: According to the law 3885/2010, the Ministry of the Environment, Energy and Climate Change is responsible for the promotion of the necessary legislation and actions required for the implementation of the relevant provisions of GPP. The European Directive According to the law 3885/2010, article 18, an Interministerial Committee was formed for the preparation of an action plan for the promotion of the Green Public Procurements and the drafting of environmental criteria. delayed coordination between international and national legislation
20% 40%
40%
5. And the regional regulation? (in case of existence) The 40% stated that “If the term "regional regulation" refers to the European Directive, then this one states that the central government chooses to use only products, services and buildings with high energy efficiency that is consistent with economic efficiency, economic feasibility, overall viability, technical suitability and proper competition”, the other 40% haven‟t answered and the last 20% stated that “perhaps the certain regulation doesn't exist”.
5
The regional Regulation for GPP in my country states that: If the term "regional regulation" refers to the European Directive, then this one states that the central government chooses to use only products, services and buildings with high energy efficiency that is consistent with economic efficiency, economic fea perhaps the certain regulation doesn't exist
no answer
40%
40%
20%
6. In your opinion, what is electronic Public Procurement (e-PP)? The 40% believes that e-PP is “the assignment and the execution of public contracts on the use and application of Information and communication technologies”, the other 40% believes that e-PP is “a term used to describe the use of electronic methods for transactions between private-public sector and covers all processes of the transaction‟ and the last 20% that is „an open public tender which performs via internet i.e submission of tenders by e-mail‟.
6
In your opinion, what is electronic Public Procurement? Is the assignment and the execution of public contracts on the use and application of Information and communication technologies is a term used to describe the use of electronic methods for transactions between private-public sector and covers all processes of the transaction. an open public tender which performs via internet i.e submission of tenders by e-mail 20%
40%
40%
7. Does a National Regulation for electronic Public Procurement exist in your country? All PA‟s in question answered “yes”. Does a National Regulation for electronic Public Procurement exist in your country? Yes
No
0%
100%
8. What does the National Regulation for electronic Public Procurement in your country states? The 40% stated that the National Regulation for e-PP states that “for the procurement of an amount of products or a service or for the assignment of a public project, all the procedural acts such request, notice, tenders, knock down, signed contract etc. must be conducted electronically” the other 40% answered that “is the law 4155/2013” and the other 20% that “i do not know the existing regulation because is not involved in the proclamation bidder”.
7
What does the National Regulation for electronic Public Procurement in your country state? For the procurement of an amount of products or a service or for the assignment of a public project, all the procedural acts such request, notice, tenders, knock down, signed contract etc. must be conducted electronically is the law 4155/2013
I do not know the existing regulation (Why?)- Not involved in the proclamation bidder
20%
40%
40%
9. Is Public Procurement in your country centralized? The 80% answered “yes” and the other 20% answered “only in part”.
8
Is Public Procurement in your country centralized? Yes
No
Only in part
20% 0%
80%
10. In this section, you are to answer just one of the questions being posed in accordance with your answer to question 8 above
(a) Could you identify the central authority in question? How long does the whole process last? (Please go to question 11) The 40% answered that is the “Ministry for Development and Competitiveness”, the other 40% that is the “Ministry for Development and CompetitivenessGeneral Directorate for Public Procurement of the General Secretariat of Commerce” and the last 20% gave no answer.
9
Could you identify the central authority in question? How long does the whole process last? Ministry for Development and Competitiveness Ministry for Development and Competitiveness- General Directorate for Public Procurement of the General Secretariat of Commerce No answer
20%
40%
40%
(b) How long does the whole process last? (Please go to question 0) All PAâ€&#x;s did not answer.
How long does the whole process last no answer
100%
(b) Could you briefly explain what determines whether the tender goes to the central authority or whether it is handled by your entity? How long does the whole process last? (Please go to question 11)
10
The 20% says that “it depends on the amount of the commission. If the amount of the commission requires an international competition then the process can go on for at least one month” and the other 80% did not answered the question.
Could you briefly explain what determines whether the tender goes to the central authority or whether it is handled by your entity? How long does the whole process last? it depends on the amount of the commission. If the amount of the commission requires an international competition then the process can go on for at least one month no answer
20%
80%
11. Does your Centralized Administration use an electronic Public Procurement system? The 80% answered “yes” and the other 20% gave no answer.
11
How does your entity interact with the central authority to get the tender process going? The 60% did not answer and the other 40% answered that “it doesn’t interact”. How does your entity interact with the central authority to get the tender process going? It doesn't interact
No answer
40% 60%
Does your Administration use an electronic Public Procurement system? The 28% answered that it does, the 43% that it doesn‟t and the 29% “no-but we are considering to include it in these applications”.
12
Does your Administration use an electronic Public Procurement system? Yes. No. No, but we are considering to include it in these applications
29%
28%
43%
No. For what reason? 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
Perceived low participation rate 1
1
Lack of interest
1
1
Lack of experience in public procurement
1
1
Low participation rate gauged from‌
2
Lack of time / human resources Lack of technical resources
1
1
Lack of information
1
1
1
2
5
6
Lack of information
1
1
Lack of technical resources
1
1
Lack of time / human resources
3
4
2
13
7
Lack of experience in public procurement
1
Lack of interest
1
1
Low participation rate gauged from experience
1
1
1
Perceived low participation rate
2
12. Does your Administration use Green Public Procurement policies and criteria? The 60% answered “yes”, the 20% „no, but we are interested in developing this area‟, and the last 20% answered “no”. Does your Administration use Green Public Procurement policies and criteria? Yes.
No.
No, but we are interested in developing this area.
20% 20%
60%
14
No. For what reasons? 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
Perceived low participation rate
1
Low participation rate gauged from…
1
Lack of interest Lack of experience in Green public…
1
Lack of time / human resources
1
Lack of technical resources
1
Lack of information
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
Lack of information
7 1
Lack of technical resources
1
Lack of time / human resources
1
Lack of experience in Green public procurement
1
Lack of interest
1
Low participation rate gauged from experience
1
Perceived low participation rate
1
13. Which certificates are requested by the tenders to assure Green designation? The 40% answered “Ecological sign, energy sign, "Green Mark"”, the 40% 15
answered “Criteria are set in accordance with the provisions of the European Uni”, and the other 20% “Links to alternative management system for electrical and electronic equipment, batteries”. Which certificates are requested by the tenders to assure Green designation? Ecological sign, energy sign, "Green Mark" Criteria are set in accordance with the provisions of the European Union Links to alternative management system for electrical and electronic equipment, batteries
20% 40%
40%
14. How do you weigh the Green certification in the tendering process? The 40% stated that “maybe entered as a criterion in the tendering process”, the other 40% stated that “through evaluation criteria” and the last 20% stated that “with the disqualification on the participant of the competition”.
16
How do you weigh the Green certification in the tendering process? May be entered as a criterion in the tendering process through evaluation criteria with the disqualification on the participant of the competition
20% 40%
40%
15. Does your administration know the existing SMEs that offer green product/services in its geographical area?
Energy efficiency: In 5 offers of green product/services we have 2 answers for public lightning, building renovation & retrofitting, building temperature control and waste management and none answer for monitoring and audits.
17
Does your administration know the existing SMEs that offer green product/services in its geographical area? Energy efficiency 3
2
1
2
2
2
2 0
0 Public Lighting
Building renovation & retrofitting (public and private)
Building temperature control (public and private)
Waste management
Monitoring and audits
Renewable energies: In 5 offers of green products/services we have 3 answers for solar energy, one answer for wind energy and co-generation and none answer for geothermal energy and hydro power. Does your administration know the existing SMEs that offer green product/services in its geographical area? Renewable energies 4
3
2 3 1 1
0
0
Geothermal energy
Hydro power (including wave energy)
1
0 Solar energy
Wind energy
18
Co-generation
Services: In 2 offers of green product/services we have 3 answers for environmentally related professional services and for products and services with environmental features. Does your administration know the existing SMEs that offer green product/services in its geographical area? Services 4 3 2 3
3
1 0 Environmentally- related professional Products and services with services (Consultancy, R&D, contracting, environmental features (e.g organically engineering, data collection, analysis produced, eco labelled, with an and assessment) important recycled content, ecodesigned‌)
16. Which of the following sectors does your organisation plan to include in your energy program? (Several answers possible) Energy efficiency: In 5 sectors we have 5 organization plans for public lightning and waste management, 3 for building renovation & retrofitting and 2 for building temperature control and monitoring and audits.
19
Which of the following sectors does your organisation plan to include in your energy program? Energy efficiency 6 5 4 3 5
5
2 3 1
2
2
0 Public Lighting
Building Building Waste Monitoring and renovation & temperature management audits retrofitting control (public (public and and private) private)
Renewable energies: In 5 sectors we have 5 organization plans, 5 for solar energy, 2 for co-generation and none for wind energy, geothermal energy and hydro power.
Which of the following sectors does your organisation plan to include in your energy program? Renewable energies 6 5 4 3 2
5
1
0
0
0
2
0 Solar energy
Wind energy
Geothermal Hydro power Co-generation energy (including wave energy)
20
Services: In 2 sectors we have 3 organization plans for environmentally related professional services and 2 for products and services with environmental features.
Which of the following sectors does your organisation plan to include in your energy program? Services 4 3 2 3 1
2
0 Environmentally- related professional Products and services with environmental services (Consultancy, R&D, contracting, features (e.g organically produced, eco engineering, data collection, analysis and labelled, with an important recycled assessment) content, eco-designed‌)
17. Please explain the main reasons of the potential/current use of an electronic GPP in your organization (For each reason, circle one number, where 7=most important):
21
Please explain the main reasons of the potential/current use of an electronic GPP in your organization 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Environmental commitment of my organisation
5 2
Save money
3
Flexibility
1
2
Save time
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Save time
1
2
Flexibility
1
2
Save money
2
3
Environmental commitment of my organisation
5
18. Please identify the main external barriers that your Authority faces in a potential/current use of a GPP (For each barrier, circle one number, where 7=most important):
22
Please identify the main external barriers that your Authority faces in a potential/current use of a GPP: 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
Lack of coordination between regional…
2
Bureaucracy, a very long process Cooperation problems with the… Lack of information & useful tools on… Lack of legal experience
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
2 2
Higher cost of green products or services
2 2
Restrictive criteria that disallow own…
4
Insufficient demand for green products…
1
2
3
Insufficient demand for green products or services
1
4
1
5
4
Restrictive criteria that disallow own product from being eligible for consideration Higher cost of green products or services 1
Lack of information & useful tools on Administration
23
7
1
2
Lack of legal experience
6
1
2
2
1
2
2
side Cooperation problems with the possible suppliers
3
2
Bureaucracy, a very long process
3
2
Lack of coordination between regional and national public administrations
1
2
19. What kind of training would you like to receive (For each kind, circle one number, where 7=most important) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Training on GPP Legal Framework at regional/national level
1
3
Sectorial workshops: necessities-advice
2
Manuals elaboration: guides, brochures (by economic sector)
2
1
2
Benchmarking and Good Practices events
2
1
2
Training about Quality Management Systems
3
24
3
2
Identification of standards for green products / services
3
2
What kind of training would you like to receive? 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Identification of standards for green…
3
2
Training about Quality Management…
3
2
2
1
2
Manuals elaboration: guides, brochures…
2
1
2
Sectorial workshops: necessities-advice
2
Benchmarking and Good Practices events
Training on GPP Legal Framework at…
IT tools for Energy efficiency:
1
2
3
1
5
6
7
• Consumption and estimation of potential savings simulator
2
1
2
• Evaluation report on options for improvement
2
25
3
3
4
3
What kind of training would you like to receive? IT tools for Energy efficiency: 1
2
3
4
5
• Evaluation report on options for improvement
2
• Consumption and estimation of potential savings simulator
2
Energy savings diagnosis: electric bill analysis
1
2
3
6
7
3
1
4
2
5
6
7
1
2
• Trading company
3
• Contract conditions
2
• Applicable tariffs
2
• Contracted power
2
1
• Term obligations
2
1
26
1
What kind of training would you like to receive? Energy savings diagnosis: electric bill analysis 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
• Term obligations
2
1
• Contracted power
2
1
• Applicable tariffs
2
1
2
• Contract conditions
1 3
• Trading company
Seminars about enterprises certificates:
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
• Eco-labelling
2
• Environmental Management Systems: ISO 14001 EMAS
2
1
2
• Eco-design Management: ISO 14006
2
1
2
• Energy Management System standard: ISO 50001
2
27
3
3
• Energy Audit Verification: UNE 216501
2
• Greenhouse gases emissions verification
2
1
2
• Carbon footprint of products, services, organisations, events
2
1
1
• Sustainable Forest Management & Wood products: Chain of Custody Information FSC/PEFC
1
28
2
3
1
What kind of training would you like to receive? Seminars about enterprises certificates: 1
2
3
• Sustainable Forest Management & Wood products: Chain of Custody…
4
5
6
1
7 2
• Carbon footprint of products, services, organisations, events
2
1 1
1
• Greenhouse gases emissions verification
2
• Energy Audit Verification: UNE 216501
2
3
• Energy Management System standard: ISO 50001
2
3
• Eco-design Management: ISO 14006
2
1
2
• Environmental Management Systems: ISO 14001 EMAS
2
1
2
• Eco-labelling
2
1
2
3
20. Would you be willing to pay a fee if the training could not be provided for free? The 40% has the intention to pay a fee for the training while the 60% has no intention to pay at all.
29
Would you be willing to pay a fee if the training could not be provided for free? Yes
40%
Yes, but only if it less than_euro per person per session
60%
No 0%
21. Would it be useful to access a website where e-GPP tenders launched by different entities are centralized? The 100% agrees with that proposal.
Would it be useful to access a website where e-GPP tenders launched by different entities are centralized? 0%
No Yes 100%
30
What kind of information about tenders would you like to access? 6
5
Local Regional
4
National 3
European Union Other ‘Awarding bodies”
2
Receive an “Alert Bulletin” by email or mobile
1
0
22. What Operating System(s) does your organization use (You can choose more than one)? The 56% of PA‟s use windows XP, the 22% use windows 8 and windows 7 and none of the them use Windows VISTA, Linux Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu, Mint, Mac OS, UNIX or Google Chromium OS.
31
What Operating System(s) does your company use (You can choose more than one)? 0%
0% 0%
0% 0%
0%
0%
MS Windows 8 MS windows 7 MS Windows Vista
22%
MS Windows XP Linux Red Hat, Linux Debian, 56%
Linux Ubuntu, 22%
Linux Mint MAC OS UNIX
0%
Google Chromium OS
23. Has your organization ever used Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) software? The 40% has already used EDI while the 60% hasnâ€&#x;t ever use. Has your organization ever used Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) software? yes
no
40% 60%
24. How would you rate your staff competences in using computers? (Please circle one number, where 7=highest)
32
How would you rate your staff competences in using computers? 3
2
1
0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
25. Which browsers do you use within your organization (You can choose more than one)? 5 of the PAâ€&#x;s use internet explorer, 4 use Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome and none of them use Safari or Opera. Which browsers do you use within your organization 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox Google Chrome
Safari
Opera
26. Which of these document formats are supported by your organization? 5 of PAâ€&#x;s use PDF and word 1997-2003, 4 use Word 2007-2013 and HTML, 2 use open office and none of them use XPS or XML.
33
Which of these document formats are supported by your organization? 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PDF
MS Word MS Word 97, 2000 or 2007, 2010 2003 or 2013
XPS
Open Office
HTML
XML
27. Comments/ Remarks/ Suggestions: The 40% is interested in any activity referred to green procurement while the 60% hasnâ€&#x;t any comment.
34
Comments/ Remarks/ Suggestions: We are interested in any activity referred to green procurement No commnet
40% 60%
35
B. SME’s QUESTIONNAIRES REPORT: 1) In your opinion, what is Green Public Procurement (GPP)? The 30% of the SME‟s answered that “it was the first time that come up against the term and not relatively been informed”, while the 20% stated that the GPP is “the aim of public authorities to achieve services the reduction of the environmental impact through the procurement of goods and services” and the 10% that “is the procurement related to equipment for projects whose aim is the protection of the environment”. The other 20% stated that GPP is “the integration of qualitative criteria and specifications in procurement procedures so that the more energy- efficient products would be easier selected efficient products would be easier selected”. Also the other 20% answered that GPP is “the procurement of environmental friendly material (green) to public authorities”. Is the In your opinion, what is Green Public Procurement (GPP)? procurement related to equipment for the procurement projects of environmental whose aim is friendly material the protection (green) to public of the authorities first time I see this environment. 20% term/ not 10% informed 30% The integration of the aim of public qualitative criteria authorities to and specifications achieve the in procurement reduction of the procedures so environmental that the more impact through energy-efficient the procurement products would of goods and be easier selected services 20% 20%
2) Is there a GPP policy in your country? In this question the 70% of the SME‟s answered that there is no GPP policy in their country and only the 30% knew that there is.
36
Is there a GPP policy in your country? Yes
No 30%
70%
3) Do you know what the existing regulation comprises of? If yes, can you please describe it briefly The 50% didn‟t know how to describe the GPP Policy while the 30% did not answer at all. Only the 20% described. Do you know what the existing regulation says? yes
don't know
30%
no answer
20%
50%
From this 20% the majority (60%) did not answer, the 20% stated that there is “lack of knowledge of the relevant legislation / lack of information” and the 20% gave an answer. The 10% answered that “The Law 3855/2010, Article 18 foresees the creation of an inter-ministerial commission that will be in charge for the establishment of green criteria and the creation of an action plan for the promotion of green public procurement in Greece. The committee was established in 2010 and currently finalizes the action plan” and the other 10% declared that “from the amount collected to the Green Fund from taxes and fines attributed by harmful for the environment actions only the 3% will be used for environmental purposes”.
37
Can you describe the GPP policy in your country?
no answer 60%
lack of knowledge of the relevant legislation / lack of information 20%
The Law 3855/2010, Article 18 foresees the creation of an inter-ministerial commissionthat will be in charge for the establishment of green criteria and the creation of an action plan for the promotion of green public procurement in Greece. The committee
from the amount collected to the Green Fund from taxes and fines attributed by harmful for the environment actions only the 3% will be used for environmental purposes. 10%
4) And the regional regulation? (in case of existence) the 40% didn‟t not answered this question while the other 40% did not know what the regional regulation regards and the 20% stated that this was “the first time I see this term”.
38
The regional Regulation for GPP in my country states that: no answer
don't know
20%
is the first time I see this term
40%
40%
5) In your opinion, what is electronic Public Procurement (e-PP)? All SME‟s in question gave roughly the same answer, that e-PP are “procurements made in an open and transparent manner through internet” In your opinion, what is electronic Public Procurement? procurements made in ana open and trasparent manner via internet
100%
6) Does a National Regulation for electronic Public Procurement exist in your country? The 70% answered that there is a National Regulation for electronic Public Procurement while the 30% said that there isn‟t.
39
Does a National Regulation for electronic Public Procurement exist in your country? Yes
No
30%
70%
7) What does the National Regulation for electronic Public Procurement in your country state? The 70% didn‟t know if it even exists, the 20% didn‟t answer and the 10% answered that “The National Electronic Public Procurement System follows the rules dictated by the legal framework of public procurement as DPR 394/96, PD 370/95, 2522/8.9.1999 Law, Law 2362/1995 Law 2286/1995 (at the European level have been issued Directives 2004/17/EC and 2004/18/EC)”. What does the National Regulation for electronic Public Procurement in your country state?
no answer 20%
don't know if it exists 70%
40
The National Electronic Public Procurement System follows the rules dictated by the legal framework of public procurement as DPR 394/96, PD 370/95, 2522/8.9.1999 Law, Law 2362/1995 Law 2286/1995 (at the European level have been issued Directives 2004/17/E
8) Does your company offer green products or services? All SME‟s in question offer green products or services. Does your company offer green products or services? 0%
0%
0% Yes No, but I am planning to do so. No, and I am not planning to do so Not at the moment, but
100%
9) In which area do you offer your green services or produce green products? Services In which area do you offer your green services or produce green products? Services 5 4 3 2 1 0
4 2 Environmentally- related professional Products and services with environmental services (Consultancy, R&D, contracting, features (e.g organically produced, eco engineering, data collection, analysis and labelled, with an important recycled content, assessment) eco-designed…)
4 SME‟s offer environmentally- related professional services (Consultancy, R&D, contracting, engineering, data collection, analysis and assessment), while 2 produce or offer products and services with environmental features (e.g. organically produced, eco labeled, with an important recycled content, ecodesigned…)
41
Renewable energy In which area do you offer your green services or produce green products? Renewable energy 5 4 3 2
4 3
1
2 0
0
0 Solar energy
Wind energy
Geothermal energy
Hydro power Co-generation (including wave energy)
4 SMEâ€&#x;s are working with services or products relevant to solar energy, 3 with wind energy and 2 with the co-generation of two or more types of energy. Energy efficiency In which area do you offer your green services or produce green products? Energy efficiency 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
6 1 Public Lighting
3
3
Building Building renovation & temperature retrofitting (public control (public and private) and private)
42
2 Waste management
Monitoring and audits
6 SME‟s are focusing on waste management, 3 with building temperature control (public and private), 3 with building renovation & retrofitting (public and private), 2 with monitoring and audits and 1 with public lightning. There are some SME‟s working in two or more fields (energy efficiency, renewable energy, etc.) of service and products offering. 10) Do you have knowledge on the exact specs required (e.g. ISO) for each of these products / services? The 30% answered “yes” without a specific answer while 30% answered “ISO 14001”. The 20% answered “no” and the 10% answered that “it depends on the product i.e. EN 15232- Energy performance of buildings- Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management”. A 10% did not answer the question. Do you have knowledge on the exact specs required (e.g. ISO) for each of these products/services?
no 20%
yes 30%
it depends on the product i.e. EN 15232 _ Energy performance of buildings Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management…
ISO 14001 30%
no answer 10%
11) Which certificates assure Green designation? The 70% did not know, while 10% answered “ECOLABEL”, the other 10% “ISO 14001” and finally the other 10% “EMAS CERTIFICATE”. 12) Can you look for information about published tenders on Public Procurement by the different Administrations (local, regional, national, European)?
43
Can you look for information about published tenders on Public Procurement by the different Administrations? yes
50%
no
50%
From the ones that answered yes 5 of them involved with national administration, 4 of them with regional, 3 with local and 3 with the European Union. Yes-What kind of administration? 6 5 4 3 2 1
3
5
4
3
0 Local
Regional
National
European Union
There were SME‟s that worked for both for example regional and national administrations. As for the ones that answered no: 2 of them rated the “Lack of information” with 5 and 3 of them with 6, 2 of them rated the “Lack of technical resources” with 1, 2 of them with 3 and 1 with 6, 4 of them rated the “Lack of time/ human resources” with 4 and 1 with 5, 2 of them rated the “Lack of experience in public procurement” with 1 and 3 with 3, 1 of them rated the “Lack of interest” with 2, 1 with 4 and 3 with 5, 1 of them rated the “Low probability of success based on experience” with 1, 1 with 5 and 3 with 6, 44
1 of them rated the “Perceived low probability of success” with 3, 1 with 5 and 3 with 6. 1 Lack of information Lack of technical resources Lack of time / human resources Lack of experience in public procurement Lack of interest Low probability of success based on experience Perceived low probability of success
2
3
2
4
5 2
6 3 1
4
1
1
3 1
3
1
3
2
2
3 1
1
1
No-For what reasons? 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Perceived low probability of success
1
1
3
Low probability of success based on…
1
1
3
1
1
3
Lack of interest
2
Lack of experience in public procurement
3 4
Lack of time / human resources Lack of technical resources
2
Lack of information
2
1 2
1 3
13) Has your organization ever participated in a GPP? The 50% of the SME‟s answered “yes” and the other 50% answered “no”.
45
7
Has your organisation ever participated in a GPP? yes
no
50%
50%
From the ones that answered yes 4 of them involved with national administration, 2 of them with regional, 3 with local and 1 with the European Union. Yes-What kind of administration? 5 4 3 2
4 3
1
2 1
0 Local
Regional
National
European Union
There were SME‟s that worked for both for example regional and national administrations. As for the ones that answered no: 1 of them rated the “Lack of information” with 4 and 2 of them with 5 and 2 with 6,
46
2 of them rated the “Lack of economic resources” with 1, 2 of them with 4 and 1 with 5, 2 of them rated the “Lack of staff time” with 1, 2 with 4 and 1 with 5, 2 of them rated the “Lack of human resources” with 3, 2 with 4 and 1 with 5, 2 of them rated the “Lack of legal experience” with 2, 2 with 4 and 1 with 5, 2 of them rated the “Lack of interest” with 1, 1 with 4 and 2 with 5, 2 of them rated the “Low probability of success based on experience” with 1, 1 with 4 and 2 with 6, 2 of them rated the “Perceived low probability of success” with 2, 1 with 4 and 1 with 6, 2 of them rated the “Non-fulfillment of tender established requirements” with 1, 2 with 4 and 1 with 5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lack of information 1 2 2 Lack of economic resources 2 2 1 Lack of staff time 2 2 1 Lack of human resources 2 2 1 Lack of legal experience 2 2 1 Lack of interest 2 1 2 Low probability of success 2 1 2 based on experience Perceived low probability of 2 1 2 success Non-fulfillment of tender 2 2 1 established requirements
47
7
No-For what reasons? 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Non-fulfillment of tender established…
2
Perceived low probability of success
2
1
2
Low probability of success based on…
2
1
2
Lack of interest
2
1
2
Lack of legal experience
2
2
1
Lack of human resources
2
2
1
Lack of staff time
2
2
1
Lack of economic resources
2
2
1
Lack of information
2
1
2
1
2
14) Main reasons to participate in an electronic GPP (For each reason, circle one number, where 7=most important): Has your organisation ever participated in a GPP in electronic format (e-GPP)? yes
no
no answer
25% 50% 25%
25% of the SME‟s answered yes and the reasons are shown below.
48
1 Save time Flexibility Save money The only participation method allowed by procurement entity Environmental commitment of my organization
2
3
4
5 3 1
6 4 1 8
7 6 4 1
2
1
2
1
2
3
3
1 2
1
3
Main reasons to participate in an electronic GPP: 1
2
3
4
Environmental commitment of my organisation
1
The only participation method allowed by procurement entity
1
Save money
1
Flexibility
Save time
5
6
7
3
3
2
1
2
3
1
2
8
2
3
4
1
1
4
6
The most important reason to participate in an electronic GPP is to “save money” as 8 of the SME‟s rated it with 6. Another important reason is to “save time” as 6 of them rated it with 7. The other 25% answered “no” and below we see the reasons and the evaluation of them. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lack of information 2 1 Lack of economic resources 1 2 Lack of human resources: lack of necessary skills 1 2 Lack of human resources: lack of 1 2 49
7
staff time Lack of legal experience Document format incompatibilities System‟s lack of user-friendliness Lack of technical expertise Concerned about data transmission failures Concerned about online system security Authentication issues Lack of interest Non-fulfillment of tender established requirements
1 1
2 2 2
1 1
2 2
1
1 2 1 2
2 1 3
No-For what reasons? 1
2
3
4
5
6
7 3
Non-fulfillment of tender established… 2 Authentication issues
1 1 2 2 2
Concerned about data transmission failures System’s lack of user-friendliness Lack of legal experience Lack of human resources: lack of necessary skills Lack of information
1 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
2
1
15) Identify the main external barriers to access to GPP, electronic or not (For each barrier, circle one number, where 7=most important): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Insufficient demand for green products or services 4 1 3 Restrictive criteria that disallow own product from being eligible for consideration 2 1 2 2 2 Higher cost of green products or services 2 1 3 2 50
Lack of legal experience Lack of information & useful tools on Administration side Bureaucracy, a very long process Lack of coordination between regional and national public administrations
1
2 2 1
1
3
2
3
1
2
4
2
2
4
1
4
Identify the main external barriers to access to GPP, electronic or not: 1
2
3
4
5
Lack of coordination between regional and national public administrations
1
Bureaucracy, a very long process
1
Lack of information & useful tools on Administration side
6
7
4 4 2
1
Lack of legal experience
2
Restrictive criteria that disallow own product from being eligible for‌
2
3
2
1
1 1
4 2
2
Higher cost of green products or services
Insufficient demand for green products or services
1
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
4
2
1
3
16) What kind of training would you like to receive (For each kind, circle one number, where 7=most important) 1 Training on GPP Legal Framework at regional/national level Sectorial workshops: necessities-advice
2
3
4
5
2
6
7
3
4
1 6
51
2
Manuals elaboration: guides, brochures (by economic sector) Benchmarking and Good Practices events Training about Quality Management Systems
1
6
2 2
2
1
1
3
2
2
2
2
1
What kind of training would you like to receive? 1
2
3
4
5
Training about Quality Management Systems
2
Benchmarking and Good Practices events
2
6
7
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
Manuals elaboration: guides, brochures (by economic sector)
1
6
2
Sectorial workshops: necessities-advice
1
6
2
Training on GPP Legal Framework at regional/national level
IT tools for Energy efficiency: Consumption and estimation of potential savings simulator Evaluation report on options for improvement
1
2
2
52
3
3
4
4
5
6
7
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
What kind of training would you like to receive? IT tools for Energy efficiency: 1
2
3
4
5
Evaluation report on options for improvement
1
Consumption and estimation of potential savings simulator
1
Energy savings diagnosis: electric bill analysis • Trading company • Contract conditions • Applicable tariffs • Contracted power • Term obligations
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2
1
7
3
2
3
2
53
6
3
1
4 2 4 2 2 2
1
3
1
5
6 3 3 3 3 3
2 2
7 1 1 1 1 1
What kind of training would you like to receive? Energy savings diagnosis: electric bill analysis 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
• Term obligations
1
2
2
3
1
• Contracted power
1
2
2
3
1
• Applicable tariffs
1
2
2
3
1
• Contract conditions
1
3
1
• Trading company
1
3
1
Seminars about enterprises certificates: Eco-labeling Environmental Management Systems: ISO 14001 EMAS Eco-design Management: ISO 14006 Energy Management System standard: ISO 50001 Energy Audit Verification: UNE 216501 Greenhouse gases emissions verification Carbon footprint of products, services, organizations, events Sustainable Forest Management & Wood products: Chain of Custody Information FSC/PEFC
4
2
2
1
2 2
3
4
5 2
6 3
7 2
2
1
1
4
1
2
1
4
2
4
3
2
1
1
3
2
2
1
3
2
2
2
3
1
1
3
1
2 1 1
1
54
2
1
What kind of training would you like to receive? Seminars about enterprises certificates: 1
2
3
4
5
6
Sustainable Forest Management & Wood products: Chain of Custody…
1
2
Carbon footprint of products, services, organisations, events
1
2
Greenhouse gases emissions verification
1
2
Energy Audit Verification: UNE 216501
2
Energy Management System standard: ISO 50001
7
1
1 2
1
2
1
Environmental Management Systems: ISO 14001 EMAS
2
1
Eco-labelling
2
3
1
3
2
1
3
2
3
2
4
2
1 2
1
1
4
Eco-design Management: ISO 14006
3
4 3
1 2
17) Would you be interested in paying a fee if the training could not be provided for free? The 60% answered “yes”, the 20% would be interested in paying a fee if the training cost less than 50€ per person per session while the other 20% would not be interested in paying any fee.
55
Would you be interested in paying a fee if the training could not be provided for free?
No 20% Yes, but only if it less than 50 â‚Ź per person per session 20%
Yes 60%
18) Would it be useful to access a website where e-GPP tenders launched by different entities are centralized? All SMEâ€&#x;s in question would consider it useful to access a website where e-GPP tenders launched by different entities are centralized. Would it be useful to access a website where e-GPP tenders launched by different entities are centralized? yes 0%
100%
56
no
What kind of information about tenders would you like to access? 10 8 6 4 2 0
8 5
3
Administration
Other ‘Awarding bodies” Receive an “Alert (public or semi-public Bulletin” by email (RSS) or entities different from mobile (SMS / applets e.g. Administration) What’s App)
What kind of administration? 6 5 4 3 5 2
4 3
1
2
0 Local
Regional
National
57
European Union
Receive an “Alert Bulletin” by email (RSS) or mobile (SMS / applets e.g. What’s App)? no answer 20%
All kinds of alert 30%
Only those related to my economic sector 50%
19) How could the Public Administration help you? (For each need, circle one number, where 7=most important)
58
How could the Public Administration help you? 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Security
1
1
3
3
Rapidity
1
1
3
3
Less bureaucracy
1
3
4
More transparency in the tender process
1
3
4
More openness to products / services available on the market if they meet or exceed fairly-established technical‌
1
1
3
Less stringent language requirements Harmonisation at the level of systems (i.e. the online system you use for submitting a tender in one Member‌
More information on the benefits of green products/services
59
1
2
2
4
Legislation harmonisation
Periodic information about published tenders
2
1
1
2
5
2
1
1
5
3
1
20) What Operating System(s) does your company use (You can choose more than one)? What Operating System(s) does your company use? MS Windows 8
0% 0% 6% 0%
0%
MS windows 7
11%
MS Windows Vista
11% 11%
6%
MS Windows XP Linux Red Hat,
5%
0%
Linux Debian, Linux Ubuntu, Linux Mint MAC OS
50%
UNIX Google Chromium OS
21) Has your organization ever used Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) software? If yes, what platform have you used? Has your organization ever used Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) software? If yes, what platform have you used? SAP-EDI 10% don’t know 10% no answer 30%
no 50%
22) How would you rate your staff competences in using computers? (Please circle one number, where 7=highest) 60
How would you rate your staff competences in using computers? 1
Competence in computers
2
3
2
4
5
6
7
4
1
3
23) Which browsers do you use within your organization (You can choose more than one)? Which browsers do you use within your organization ? Opera Other 0% 0% Safari 13%
Google Chrome 31%
Internet Explorer 17%
Mozilla Firefox 39%
24) Which of these document formats are supported by your organization?
61
Which of these document formats are supported by your organization? XML 4% PDF 22%
HTML 16%
MS Word 97, 200 or 2003 11%
Open Office 18%
MS Word 2007, 2010 or 2013 22%
XPS 7%
25) Comments/ Remarks/ Suggestions Comments/ Remarks/ Suggestions:
no comments
100%
62
C. COMPARISON OF THE QUESTIONAIRES RESULTS 1. In your opinion, what is Green Public Procurement (GPP)? From a wide point of view both PA's and SME's had an idea about what is GPP. 2. Is there a GPP policy in your country? The PA's for 80 % answered that a GPP policy exists, while only the 30 % of the SME's knows the existence of this policy. 3. In your opinion, what is Green Public Procurement (GPP)? From a wide point of view both PA's and SME's had an idea about what is GPP. 4. Is there a GPP policy in your country? The PA's for 80 % answered that a GPP policy exists, while only the 30 % of the SME's knows the existence of this policy. 5. If yes, can you please describe it briefly? Both PA's and SME's gave a common answer, which is that the National Regulation for GPP is the law 3855/2010 of the Ministry of the Environment, Energy and Climate Change. 6. And the regional regulation? (in case of existence) The majority of PA's and SME's are not aware of the regional regulation. 7. In your opinion, what is electronic Public Procurement? The majority of PA's and SME's believe that e-PP is an open public tender where procurements made via internet. 8. Does a National Regulation for electronic Public Procurement exist in your country? Both PA's and SME's knew that e-PP does exist. 9. What does the National Regulation for electronic Public Procurement in your country state? The majority of the SME's did not know while the majority of PA's knew. 10. Which certificates assure Green designation? Some of the PA's knew certain certificates while the majority of the SME's they donâ€&#x;t know. 63
11. Main reasons to participate in an electronic GPP: The most common reason that PA's and SME's wants to participate in e-GPP is for saving money and time. 12. Identify the main external barriers to access to GPP, electronic or not: The PA's and SME's believe that the main external barrier to access to GPP or to e-GPP is the lack of coordination between regional and national public administrations. 13. What kind of training would you like to receive? The most highly rated answer for what kind of training that PA's and SME's want to receive is the training on GPP Legal Framework at regional/national level. In IT tools for energy efficiency: The majority of PA's rated the evaluation report options for improvement as the most important while the majority of SME's rated equally both options. In Energy saving diagnosis-electric bill analysis: The majority of SME's considered equally roughly all categories as very important while the majority of PA's considered contract conditions as most important. In seminars about enterprises certificates: The majority of PA's rated highly the Energy Audit Verification: UNE216501, the Energy Management System standard: ISO 50001 and the Eco-labeling while the SME's rated almost equally all categories as very important and some of them as Eco-design Management: ISO 14006 as most important. 14. Would you be interested in paying a fee if the training could not be provided for free? SME's are more willing to pay a fee, if the training could not be provided for free, than the PA's. 15. Would it be useful to access a website where e-GPP tenders launched by different entities are centralized? Both the PA's and SME's believe that it would be useful to access a website where e-GPP tenders launched by different entities are centralized. What kind of information about tenders would you like to access? The most common kind of information about tenders that the PA's and SME's would like to access is the info about local and national administration. 16. What Operating System(s) does your company use? 64
The most common operating system that PA's and SME's use, is the MS Windows XP. 17. Has your organization ever used Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) software? If yes, what platform have you used? Most of PA's and SME's have not ever use EDI software. 18. How would you rate your staff competences in using computers? Both PA's and SME's evaluated their staff competences in using computers as most capable. 19. Which browsers do you use within your organization? The PA's use more Internet Explorer while the SME's use more Mozilla Firefox. 20. Which of these document formats are supported by your organization? The most common kind of document format for PA's is MS Word 1997-2003 while for SME's is MS Word 2007-2013. Both of them have used PDF for 25%. 21. Comments/ Remarks/ Suggestions: The 40% of the PA's are interested in a regular update on any activity related to the progress Green Public Procurements. At the same time SME's did not make any comment or suggestion.
65
D. ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS IN
RELATION WITH THE ECONOMIC STATE OF YOUR REGION 1.1. Due
to the consumption tax equalization between heating and motion oil that the government announced in 2012, the price of heating oil raised about 30-40%. The citizens especially in an urban environment such as the region of Attica cannot deal with this increase and start seeking alternative power sources to heat their houses. Previously the 70% of the citizens used oil as their main heating source. After the tax equation in 2012 this presentence dropped down to 35%. People started to use fireplaces and stoves (9%), air conditioners (16%), electrical radiators (16%) and natural gas (21%). Some chose not to use any kind of heating source. Some blocks of flats didn‟t heat at all because of the raises in the shared utility expenses. According to Ministry Finance during the period October 2012 February 2013, heating oil consumption was reduced by 68%. On the other hand, according to market estimations, wood stove sales exceeded 80%. In the urban environment there were a big impact to the environment with the rising of smog which is the phenomenon where the concentration of pollutants and micro- particles increases dramatically. The upper limit of concentration exceeded for a 17 day period in December 2013! The impact on human health is great. This change in taxation affected the way of thinking of the citizens in the region of Attica who started to concentrate in cheaper methods in the energy consumption. At the same time SME‟s that are active in the field of Environment, started to seek more profitable and appealing ways to sell their products or services. For competitiveness reasons, saving time is key when it comes to a public procurement. This is why SME‟s evaluated saving time as the higher benefit they will have from an electronic database for public procurements. Also the PA‟s considered the idea of this database as an excellent solution for the procurement system with great benefits that are referred later on in this present report. Source: http://kalyterizoi.gr/sites/kalyterizoi.gr/files/attachment/thema/thermansi_final.pdf
1.2. The
answers both PA‟s and SME‟s gave are rather influenced by the economy of the country. It seems that both of them are interested in participating in an e-auction system to achieve mainly saving time and (as a result) money. It also seems that they are trying to be updated with any new development that could bring profit. The truth is that there are many disadvantages in the PP procedure such as: 66
the amount of bureaucracy both private and public sector have to go through, the insufficient demand for green products, the lack of coordination between regional and national public administrations, the restrictive criteria that disallow their product from being eligible for consideration, the lack of legal experience or information other The higher price of green products makes them less attractive and due to the economic situation that the country is suffering from, few will take the risk of investing in products with higher prices. There are also some advantages in participation in an electronic GPP, which both SMEâ€&#x;s and PAâ€&#x;s acknowledge. The advantages are: Saving time Flexibility Money saving Environmental responsibility (Corporate Social Responsibility – CSR) 1.3. These
advantages are evaluated though as significant due to the economic incentives that can be created for all stakeholders involved. The answers have been guided by economic incentives as it seems that the stakeholders do their best to be more competitive, improve their technologies and insert innovations in their operating systems.
67
E. CURRENT ENERGY STATE OF YOUR REGION
1) Energy state of region of Attica The main amount of the consumed energy came from the burning of the fossil fuels. This happens because the conventional energy forms are both cheaper and easier in exploitation, in comparison to the Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The most consuming the energy use in the household is for room heating and hot water. The energy needs of the households reach today the 25% of total consumed energy. The Energy uses for the building sector are distributed accordingly: o o o o o
Room heating 60% Air conditioning Hot water 10% Lightning 3% Electric devices 8%
2) Energy Types and Mix of the region of Attica The types of energy and the energy mix of Attica are shown in the following tables Table: 1. Average growth rate of energy consumption between 1980- 2005 is 3, 3 % and for the building sector 2, 6%
68
The largest percentage of energy needs is covered by oil and especially (heating) diesel. In recent years this percentage is reduced because of the introduction of gas into the Greek market. The consumption of electricity has also increased in the residential sector. This is due to the increase in use of air conditioners and the increase of the number of electric appliances per household. The energy consumption per household appears in the following table: Table: 2. Energy use in Greek Households
Table: 3. Final energy consumption in Greek Households per fuel type
69
Table: 4. Average size and square meters of households in Attica region Region
m2
Attica
121965207
Average household size 93
Percentage 36%
Table: 5. Average number of households
Region
Number of Households
Percentage
Attica
1,317,096
36%
Table: 6. Energy mix for Heating Region/ Fuel type Attica
Oil
Gas
Wood
Liquefied petroleum gas
Electricity
75%
5%
8%
1,50%
10,60%
70
Table: 7. Energy needs for Cooling (Gwh) per square meter m2 (Kwh/m2) Region Attica
Cooling (Gwh) 2384
Cooling (Kwh/m2) 20
Table: 8. Energy needs for Lightning (Gwh) per square meter m2 (Kwh/m2) Region Attica
Lightning (Gwh) 315
Lightning (Kwh/m2) 2.6
Table: 9. Energy needs for All (Gwh) Region Attica
Heating (Gwh) 13194
Lightning (Gwh) 315
Cooling (Kwh/m2) 2384
Total 15893
3) Conclusion The region of Attica has the largest energy consumption for heating, lightning and cooling among other regions in Greece due to the large number of buildings.
Source: Thesis by Georgia Kostakou, Thesis title: “Carbon footprint in Greek households”, 2011 http://digilib.lib.unipi.gr/dspace/bitstream/unipi/5573/1/Kostakou.pdf
F. CURRENT e-GPP SYSTEM IN GREECE
71
1. Legal Framework for the Public Procurements Public Procurement in Greece follows the provisions and principles set out by the relevant EU framework. The directives 2004/18/EC and 2004/17/EC have been transposed into Greek law through Presidential Decrees (PD) 60/2007 and 59/2007 and they constitute the general legislative framework as much as they apply along with more specific national legislation per procurement category. The established Public Procurement Agency (under Law 4013/2011) supervises and coordinates national policies in the field of public contracts, framework agreements, public works concession agreements and dynamic purchasing systems. The Agency also issues recommendations and regulations on technical or other specialized matters as well as standardized tenders documentation and contract models. Furthermore the Agency evaluates the efficiency of the competent public authorities, carries out sample inspections in pending award procedures and publishes information on the regulatory and legislative framework on public procurement and the respective national and European caselaw. Moreover, the Ministry of Development has set up a Central Electronic Public Procurement Registry for the collection, processing and publication of information concerning public contracts.
1.1.1. Legal Framework for Public Procurement - Basic principles applicable to Public Procurement The basic principles that apply to the Public Procurement are the following: • • • • • • • • •
the principle of publicity & transparency the principle of equal treatment and non-discrimination the principle of proportionality the principle of justification any adverse decision the principle of mutual recognition the principle of objectivity in assessing bids the principle of impartiality the principle of legal certainty and foreseeability the principle of efficiency of EU law
1.1.2. Public Procurement Main regulations The main regulations that apply to Public Procurement are the following:
72
• • • • • • •
Judicial review of the assignment procedures as well as disputes arising from the relevant public contracts is regulated by Law 3886/2010 (transposing into the Greek legal order the “Remedies Directive”). Public procurement for the assignment of public works contracts is regulated by the codifying Law 3669/2008. Public procurement for the assignment of supply contracts which do not fall under EU Directives is regulated by P.D. 118/2007 and Law 2286/1995. Public procurement for the assignment of public work studies and other relevant services provided by engineers is regulated by Law 3316/2005. Public procurement as regards PPP contracts is regulated by Law 3389/2005. Public procurement in the defense and security sectors is governed by Law 3978/2011 (implementing Directive 2009/81/EC). Supply of military equipment is regulated by Law 3433/2006. Public Healthcare procurements are also regulated by Laws 3580/2007 and 2955/2001.
1.1.3. External Costs of Municipalities The external costs of Municipalities are divided in to three main categories which are: Services that are further divided in to o Simple Services and o Special Technical Studies Supplies Construction Projects The Award procedure such as Direct award, Simple tender, National tender and International tender is divided depending on: the Budget and Urgent Situations (i.e. earthquakes, floods etc.)
1.1.4. Budget limits & procedures for Public Procurements The general indications of the budget limits and the procedures are as shown in the following table: Procedure
Supplies
Services
73
Constr. Projects
Direct award
0-15.000*
0-20.000
0-10.271
Simple Tender
15.000-60.000
20.000-60.000
10.272-60.000
National tender
60.000-200.000*
60.000-200.000
60.000-5.000.000
Proclamation in the Official Journal of the EU
> 200.000**
> 200.000
> 5.000.000
* VAT included ** Requires acceptance from central government (General Secretary of Commerce) The external costs for Supplies concern mainly Materials such as Consumables (i.e. lighting lamps), Mandatory supplies (i.e. fuels), Simple equipment (i.e. hand tools), Complex equipment (i.e. heavy vehicles) and the Award Criterion refers to the complexity of the material. If the material is Simple, the wining contractor will be the one with the Lowest bid and if the material is Complex the wining contractor will be the one with the Best bid.
2. Legal Framework for the Electronic Public Procurements The electronic procurements, through e-procurements are covered by national law and are optional since 2007 for all public sectors. E-procurements only apply to procurements (simple or complex), with no upper or lower budget limit. The Central Government conducts online procurements since 2010. The national law behind the e-procurements refers to the contracting authorities who may use electronic procurements without restrictions relevant to budget. Also the electronic procurements can be based either solely on prices (when the contract is awarded to the lowest price) or prices and/or the values of the features of the tenders indicated in the specification (when the contract is awarded to the most economically advantageous tender). Finally, the contracting authorities may not use electronic procurements improperly or in such a way as to prevent, restrict or distort competition or to change the subject of the contract. The National Law dictates that the contracting authorities may use electronic auctions without restrictions relevant to budget. Also, the electronic auction shall be based either solely on prices when the contract is awarded to the lowest price 74
or prices and/or the values of the features of the tenders indicated in the specification when the contract is awarded to the most economically advantageous tender. Finally, the contracting authorities may not use electronic auctions improperly or in such a way as to prevent, restrict or distort competition or to change the subject of the contract. Unfortunately there isnâ€&#x;t yet a centralized service for conducting procurements on behalf of municipalities or prefectures so each municipality may develop its own platform or use those offered from IT providers. Since May 2013, all public procurements, contracts and payments over 1000 Euros (exl.VAT) must be recorded on a central electronic register for transparency reasons. The electronic link is eprocurement.gov.gr.
2.1.1. Green Aspect in Procurements The contracting authority in most cases is not forced to have included Green Aspects for the procurement requested; therefore having Green Aspects depends on the willingness of the authority. Until now there was no a prerequisite for cost/benefit analysis and there was difficulty in the evaluation of environmental benefits and the conversion into monetary units, due to lack of (specialized) personnel. Also there was an absence of restrictive laws in most procurements, excluding the supplies covered by EU legislation (i.e. vehicles).
2.1.2. Methodology The system/method followed for Municipal procurements in Greece is rather beaurocratic. Depending on the need, a Market Research is conducted. Following, the relevant department must proceed with a request for inclusion of the estimated cost in the annual budget. The annual budget needs to be approved by the Town Council as well as the Central Government, in which both there might be delays due to objections. Delays also may occur during the Central Government Special Approval for procurements of more than 60.000euros. After acquiring the necessary approvals, comes the drafting of specifications and indicative cost document which is submitted as a Primary Request and will be evaluated by the Department requesting the cost via the eprocurement.gov.gr. The documents/request is forwarded to the Financial Department where the Proposal of Cost Commitment will be formalized. The Proposal will then be submitted to the Town Council and the Municipal Economic Committee Approval (all of which will be uploaded to the eprocurement.gov.gr) and finally the Credit Approval & Proclamationâ€&#x;s terms will be created. The next step is the publication of Tender also via eprocurement.gov.gr. 75
Following, is the Execution of the Tender through three steps: Checking of general requirements Checking of technical requirements Checking of economical offer To every single step, there might be possible objections. After the execution of the Tender, the contract will be awarded (again via relevant publication at eprocurement.gov.gr, following the signing and finally the Execution of procurement. The estimated time for the whole procedure from Budget Approvals to Procurementâ€&#x;s Execution is 3 months at least.
2.1.3. Concerns beyond the technical level The concerns beyond the technical level should be those of understanding the benefits that e-procurements (and especially green) have, the willingness of suppliers to put pressure in order to offer Green Aspects in every possible offered service/product, the advantage of the easy to use procurements platform and finally the management and acceptance of the necessary changes.
2.1.4. The future of E-Procurements in Greece The future of E-Procurements in Greece seems bright due to the fact that by law all public procurements for products and services of the central government will be progressively electronic. As from July 2013, the new system will be compulsory and is going to be fully implemented by the 1st of October 2015.
G. BENEFITS FROM GRASP METHODOLOGY
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Through the development of an advanced green transnational procurement system all stakeholders will benefit from the: transparency throughout all procedures, time saving energy saving reduction of the bureaucracy fast updates easier way for tender submitting empowerment of the cooperation between the MED public administrations and SMEs, online supply management system for green procurement processes, wide sharing of knowledge through expertise and best practices) the well-structured database that will increase the capacity of local regional authorities to set quality green energy requirements, and the SMEâ€&#x;s to propose solutions that will implement these requirements intelligent energy demand-supply balance
Other more practical expected results are: Access to detailed databases of detailed technical specifications for green procurement Access to detailed databases of suppliers with relevant historical data of previous contracts Access to environmental patterns of suppliers in production, transportation, use, recovery, recycling and disposal of waste after the life cycle Access mechanism benchmarking types based on energy and environmental standards Access to comprehensive tendering platform (for supplies value < 60,000) and benchmarking with national e-procurement systems Open system architecture for easy extension of the application to supplies other than the pilot operation
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