#1249R269PCS
Experiment using Gigo’s “building blocks”, which can be used over and over again, saving both time and effort. We hope that kids can enthusiastically learn scientific knowledge through fun hands-on experience, developing their problem-solving abilities, as well as a positive attitude towards science. Our mission is to help children apply their newfound knowledge to daily life, furthering their innovational skills and abilities.
Using Gigo’s “building block” construction-based curriculum, every class has a readytoassemble model, and includes time designed to promote individual creativity. Promotes thinking outside-the-box of the traditional educational framework by learning innovation through play! We are all innately good at something, so we should take into account both individual development and the ability to work as part of a team effort.
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Course levels are designed from elementary to difficult, combining a life sciencesbased curriculum with applications from daily life.
INVENTING CAN BE LEARNED
Gigo Learning Lab’s complete series includes individual packages and school sets. The special features of Gigo’s Learning Lab are as follows:
5.4.3.2.1.
2 7. Pitching Machine 8. Pendulum Pitching Machine 10. GreenMech 2 11. Gravity-Pick Machine 20. GreenMech 4 19. Peacock 18. Buffer Track 17. Going Through the Wall 16. High Speed Track 15. GreenMech 3 14. Ski-Jump Ramp 13. Bifurcated Track 12. Spiral Roller 9. Pinball 4. Rising Dominos 5. Green Mech 1 6. Springboard 3. U-Shaped Track 2. Rotating Tower 1. EducationIndexPartsSkyscraperListPhilosophy 1 39 45 9 55 17 61 23 69 31 77 2 3 41 5 51 13 59 21 65 27 73 35 Index
3 Parts List x30 1 2 x30 3 x20 16 x10 23 x2 24 x2 25 x3 26 x2 19 x4 20 x2 21 x4 31 x2 27 x1 22 x2 30 x3 3534 x1 18 x4 17 x4 6 x5 4 x5 5 x2 7 x4 8 x8 10 x4 11 x5 9 x5 12 x4 13 x10 14 x10 15 x2 36 x10 37 x1 38 x5 28 x5 29 x15 32 x1 33 x1 39 x8 40 x6 41 x6 42 x4 43 x10 44 x3
Fig.1 Fig.3Fig.2 Fig.4 Using peg remover to pull peg off as Fig.3 shows. Using peg remover to pull axle off as fig.4 shows. The models will often have several gear wheels installed in a row, or gear train. In order for the models to work well, thesae gears will have to mesh well. Otherwise, the force from one gear wheel won’t be properly transferred to the next. Pay attention to the hole: B. B-Peg remover: C. Gear wheels: using the models. Qty. 7330-W11-L1Y7330-W11-K1Y7330-W11-N1Y7330-W11-O1Y7331-W10-B1O7331-W10-A1O7330-W11-B1G7330-W11-A1R7331-W11-N1R7125-W10-B1S7061-W10-B1Y7331-W85-G17330-W11-Q1BR10-027330-W11-M1B7331-W10-M1G7331-W10-D3GR39-W85-2007026-W10-P1D7413-W10-L2D7061-W10-Q1D7413-W10-N1D
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TIPS AND TRICKS: When fixing gears onto the frame with drive axle be sure to keep a proper space (about 1mm) between the gear and the frames (Fig. 2). And try to turn the gear to ensure every gear in the gear train turning smoothly so that the least friction will be created and most efficient power transmission can be expected.
Read them carefully before starting. NG!(without space) OK!(with space) Parts List : For more tips,pleaseassemblyreferto No. Description Item No.
1 B-SHORT PEG 30 2 C-LONG PEG 30 3 C 20mm AXLE CONNECTOR 20 4 C-AXLE FIXING 5 5 C-ROD CONNECTOR 2 6 C-3 HOLE ROD 5 7 C-3 HOLE DUAL ROD 4 8 C-BENDED ROD 8 9 C-5 HOLE ROD 5 10 C-5 HOLE DUAL ROD 4 11 C-11 HOLE ROD 5 12 C-15 HOLE DUAL ROD 4 13 C-5X5 FRAME 10 14 C-5X10 FRAME 10 15 C-5x13 DUAL FRAME 2 16 C-5X15 FRAME 10 17 C-JUMBO BASE GRID CONNECTOR 4 18 C-JUMBO BASE GRID REMOVER 4 19 C-20T GEAR 4 20 C-40T GEAR 2 21 C-60T GEAR 4 22 C-RACING TIRE 2 No. Description Item No. Qty. 23 C-30mm AXLE Ⅱ 2 24 C-70mm AXLE Ⅱ 2 25 C-100mm AXLE Ⅱ 3 26 C-150mm 2 27 C-2000mm STRING 1 28 A-2cm CUBE PEG 5 29 A-LATERAL PEG 15 30 A-40mm BALL 3 31 C-70mm RUBBER BAND 2 32 A-50mm BALL 1 33 A-CAPSULE BALL 1 34 B-PEG REMOVER 1 35 C- JUMBO BASE GRID 4 36 A-30mm CONNECTOR 10 37 A- 80mm CONNECTOR 1 38 A-160mm CONNECTOR 5 39 A-TRACK CONNECTOR 8 40 A- CURVED TRACK CONNECTOR 6 41 A-1 HOLE TRACK 6 42 A-SLIDE TRACK 4 43 A-6 HOLE TRACK 10 44 A-CURVED TRACK 31115-W85-F2S7026-W10-W5Y7346-W10-C1B7026-W10-D2R7125-W10-C2S7125-W10-C1S7413-W10-J1W7061-W10-U1W7413-W10-I1W7413-W10-Q1W7413-W10-Z1W7413-W10-P1W7413-W10-X1W7413-W10-K2W7061-W10-V1W7413-W10-Y1W7026-W10-Q2W7026-W10-L2W3620-W10-A1D7413-W10-T1B7061-W10-C1R7344-W10-C2D
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Here are a few tips for assembling and
1 Skyscraper
Whatright. do you need to watch out for if you want to build a tall structure?
Some claim that the tower is famous for being the site of Italian scientist, Galileo Galilei’s experiment of dropping two balls of different masses in 1589, as well as its ability to avoid collapsing despite it’s unintentional tilt. In fact, over the past 100 years, the tower faced a potential disaster, as it kept tilting more and more towards the south. The Italian government closed the tower to the public and implemented a restoration project in 1990. After 11 years, engineers finally stabilized the tower. Kids, can you build a straight and tall skyscraper?
The contours of a skyscrapers are vertically aligned; thus, forming a right angle between the building’s base and its center of gravity. This way, the building doesn’t produce torque. If you were to build a skyscraper like the Leaning Tower of Pisa, then the contours of the building would be tilted. This causes the center of gravity to not form a right angle with the base of the building; therefore, producing torque. The torque will cause the building to progressively tilt before eventually falling over.
Scientific Application Center of Gravity and Torque
Jenga is a game that is based on the idea of keeping the balance between a tower’s center of gravity and its torque. The game is comprised of many long wooden blocks. There are many different variations of game play: one version is to try and build a tower by removing blocks and adding them to the topmost level. The key is to maintain the vertical contour of the tower while adding blocks to the top. This way, the tower’s center of gravity and base form a right angle, producing zero torque. However, stabilizing the tower while using just one hand is difficult. Another method is to place the blocks on the opposite side of the tower’s lean. For example, if the tower is leaning left, you place the blocks on the
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5 Brainstorming
6 6 4 1 3 Parts List x8 1 2 x2 9 x1 12 x5 13 x2 14 x10 15 x1 28 x4 39 x4 43 x4 35 x1 ×2 ×2
7 7 9 8 1 1 SkyscraperDone
1 2 3 8 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try and see how high you can build the skyscraper. Try to use the incline rail to build a sturdy house.
Scientific Application Swing and Centrifugal Force
There are many applications for centrifugal force. Amusement park roller-coasters and other rides frequently apply these principles. Centrifugal force is a virtual force, sometimes called "inertia"; it makes spinning objects move away from the center of rotation. In Newtonian mechanics, centrifugal force was once used to express two different concepts: an inertial force observed under a non-inertial reference frame, and a reaction force of the centripetal force. Centrifugal force is also mentioned in Lagrangian mechanics where it is sometimes used to depict generalized forces in a generalized coordinate system.Centrifugal force doesn’t actually exist. It functions only in the rotation of a reference system (non-inertial reference system), Newton’s law of motion is still applicable. There is no inertia in the inertia reference system, and inertia is only necessary in non-intertial reference systems (such as the rotation reference system) or Newton’s law of motion is inapplicable.Whereelse is centrifugal force used?
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Ludo is an extreme athlete who loves all kinds of extreme sports. One day, Ludo visited an amusement park with his friends and a ride that repeatedly rotated caught his interest. This ride swung widely from fast to slow, and high to low. The rotation of the ride’s main segment made the seats swing and let park-goers experience exhilaration. Compared to fast roller coasters, this was a ride that was suitable for all Butages.Ludo was not satisfied, he hoped that one day in the future he could combine the ride and his passion for extreme sports in high places for a major challenge! Kids, can you help Ludo? Try and build an extreme rotating tower!
9 2 TowerRotating Brainstorming
10 1 45 3 Parts List 12 x1 28 x1 39 x6 43 x10 35 x2 3 x1 27 x1 22 x1 ×2
11 ModelVideoOperation 2 Rotating Tower Done
1 2 3 12 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try changing the rubber wheel to objects of different weights and observe how they swing. Try and design different types of rotating towers.
This is an U-shaped track used to experiment the horizontal motion of a projectile. First, set up the U-shaped track at an oblique angle, adjusting the end of the track to maintain levelness. Conduct the experiment by placing the steel ball at different heights along the track. The steel ball will quickly roll down from its own downward acceleration, reaching the flat end of the track at different speeds. Its trajectory demonstrates the horizontal motion of a projectile. Afterwards, the steel ball will be pulled to the ground by gravity. From this experiment, we can realize how releasing the steel ball at different heights impacts the distance traveled horizontally, by observing the ball’s displacement.
At some amusement parks, there is a large U-shaped ride that travels at a very fast speed.The ride operates on the principle of inertia. As passengers rush up 9 stories high to one endpoint of the U-shaped track, the ride slows and begins racing in reverse towards the other side. This is like an advanced version of the “pirate ship”.
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Kids, can you simulate amusement rides and create a large U-shaped track?
Have you seen any rides that utilize U-shaped tracks?
13 Brainstorming
The ordinary pirate ship is a swing that travels through midair, but this new type of pendulum ride is driven on a U-shaped track. The ride can swing back and forth between two top points just like an ordinary pirate ship, but the centrifugal force it produces makes it far stronger. So, if you are an adventure lover, try to take the seat in the back. You’re guaranteed to swing the highest and have the most fun!
3 TrackU-Shaped Scientific Application Inertia Movement
14 3 2 4 1 Parts List 36 x8 41 x2 40 x4 39 x6 43 x6 35 x1 ×2
15 3 6 U-Shaped Track ModelVideoOperation Done
1 2 3 16 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try using balls of different sizes or weights and observe the differences of the ball’s height when it launches from the track. Try adjusting the track to make the ball fly over a certain height and land in a designated area each time.
17 Brainstorming
When the dominos are standing, their center of gravity is higher. The bottom of the domino and the ground’s surface form a right angle; therefore, the domino produced no torque and remains standing. However, once the domino is hit on the side by an external force, the produced torque uses the ground as a fulcrum. This force shifts the domino’s center of gravity, causing the domino to fall. When dominos fall, they produce torque, which can cause nearby domino pieces to fall as well in a sequence. This chain reaction is known as the “domino effect”. If dominos are appropriately placed on a staircase, the transmission of torque from the first domino falling can make the domino effect look like it is climbing up the staircase.
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Scientific Application Center of Gravity and Torque
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What methods can transfer energy upwards?
After dinner, Grandpa Rudolph told Tony that he wanted to show him a new domino game that he had never played before. Curious, Tony asked what it was. Grandpa Rudolph explained that Tony would recognize it after giving Grandpa all his new erasers and steel rulers. Thus, Tony went to his study and got everything Grandpa Rudolph had asked for. First, Grandpa Rudolph took the two erasers and placed them underneath the middle of the ruler, using them as a fulcrum. Then, he placed the rest of the erasers at an equal distance apart on top the steel ruler. It was a domino seesaw! Tony lightly push the bottom domino. The tumbling domino successfully initiated the domino effect. When the top eraser was knocked down, the top side of the seesaw moved down. Kids, do you understand the principle behind rising dominos? Follow the steps and make a tower!
DominosRising
18 1 5 3 2 6 Parts List 2 x14 16 x2 17 x2 13 x5 14 x8 15 x1 36 x3 39 x2 41 x1 43 x2 35 x2
19 ModelVideoOperation 8 4 Rising Dominos Done
1 2 3 20 ExperimentHands-on CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try moving the ball onto the track by crashing two blocks together. Try designing the route of energy transfer into a U-shape.
21 ReviewModel 5 3.U-Shaped1.SkyscraperTrack 2.Rotating Tower 4.Rising Dominos Green Mech 1 Please use the models and principles you’ve learned and link two (or more) machines together to move the ball from a low place to a high place.
Winner! 22 ConceptDesign My Artwork 2 1 3 DesignModel CreationModel Evaluation
A teacher introduced the lever principle during class. The teacher said that the motion of bending over to pick up things was one application of the lever principle. When we bend over, our muscles need to produce a lot of pulling force. This is because our waist muscles and backbone combine to form a “third class lever”. Therefore, the proper position for lifting heavy stuff is to make sure the object is as close to our body as possible, in order to prevent injury. Students also learned some useful facts about physiology at the sameAttime.the end of the class, teacher introduced a quote from Archimedes, “Give me a place to stand, and I shall move the earth”. Tony raised his hand and said “Give me a lever as a springboard, and I shall spring the earth away”. The class roared with laughter at Tony’s wild imagination. Kids, have you tried diving? Follow the steps to build a large springboard!
The springboard act at a circus is very dangerous. As one person leaps down from a very high platform and lands on a springboard, another standing on the opposite side is sprung high into the air. Fortunately, a diving board is relatively much safer. A diving board is a level whose end is fixed. This means that the further away the lever “arm” is from the fulcrum, the greater its elasticity. During diving competitions, athletes need to exploit the maximum elasticity of the board, bouncing as close to the front as possible. By rhythmically landing on the diving board right before the board bends down, the diver increase its rebound, allowing them to shoot up
Whenhigher.weneed to use objects with small mass to move objects with large mass, what methods are available?
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23 Brainstorming
6 Springboard Scientific Application Lever Principle
24 1 3 2 Parts List 150mm 26 x1 22 x2 x4 1 2 x8 16 x3 19 x2 4 x2 11 x1 12 x2 13 x2 39 x3 41 x1 43 x4 35 x1
25 6 7 6 Springboard Caution! This is able to discharge objects other than the rubber band provided with the toy. Do not use with any other objects. There is a risk of injury. ModelVideoOperation Done
1 2 3 26 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try and adjust the distance of the fulcrum so that the rubber wheel can bounce the ball higher Try and land the ball in a designated area.
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Kids, do you understand the principles of the pitching machine? Follow the steps and build a pitching machine!
27 Brainstorming
This is a water balloon- hitting game we sometimes see at a carnival. The game is set up by placing a big tube on two wooden boards at different heights. This makes an inclined surface for water balloons to slide down. At the end of the tube is a flat platform. The design is as simple as a pitch- ball machine. Before the game starts, the owner needs to prepare a lot of water balloons. When players arrive, the owner gives them a hammer and asks the them to wait at the end of the tube. And then the game begins! The owner will put in several water balloons from the top entry of the tube. The water balloons will slide down the tube under their own weight. When the water balloons appear at the end of the tube, the player tries to hit as many of the water balloons as he or she can. Most importantly, it only counts if the water balloons are destroyed.
What other mechanisms in life apply the spiral bevel?
This is a pitching machine for helping baseball players practicing hitting baseballs. The way the machine projects the ball is just like how a pitcher throws the ball. Batters can practice hitting the ball this way. So how could a pitching machine “throw” the ball? First, baseballs are inserted into a spiraling tube. Underneath the tube is a battery-powered vibrating motor. Once a ball reaches the bottom of the spiral tube, the motor’s vibration causes the ball to jump onto a declined track. The ball slides down the track from its own gravity, before arriving onto a small platform that projects the ball out towards the batter for he or she to hit.
Scientific Application Slopes and Gravity
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MachinePitching
28 1 5 3 2 6 4 Parts List 2 x5 16 x4 24 x1 31 x1 30 x1 17 x2 13 x6 15 x1 36 x8 38 x4 29 x4 35 x2 Back view ×4
29 7 9 8 7 70mm Pitching Machine ModelVideoOperation Done
1 2 3 30 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try to adjust the angle of the slope to slow the speed of the falling ball. Try designing different types of pitching machines.
31 Brainstorming
Kids, do you understand the principles of the pendulum pitching machine? Follow the steps and build it!
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What methods can be used to hit the ball far?
The simple pendulum mechanism is a standard device for testing impact and projectile motion. When conducting the experiment, place a steel ball on the platform, move the “bob” to a certain swing angle, and then release the bob. The bob will swing in a pendulum motion. When the bob swings towards the platform and hits the steel ball, the steel ball will fly off of the platform from the impact. After flying for a period of time, the steel ball will eventually land on the ground from its own gravity. This is a horizontal projectile experiment. This device can also provide settings for a shooting elevation experiment.
PitchingPendulumMachine
There is an impact test for car fuel tanks, which is based on the simple pendulum theory. This is an experiment designed to test the capability of a car’s gasoline tank to handle being hit by sharp objects.
The simple pendulum impact machine is mounted onto a beam bracket. The beam is able to move up and down to adjust the location of the horizontal impact. The fuel tank is installed onto a base that is attached to a track. This track is able to move forwards and backwards to adjust the fuel tank’s position, utilizing a threedimensional space to define the hammer’s hitting point. A simple pendulum impact machine has a pointer and a scale to indicate the opening angle of the hammer. Since the mass of the hammer is fixed, we can calculate the hammer’s impact energy by identifying its opening angle and thus, evaluate the result from the impact.
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Scientific Application Pendulum and Projectile Movement
32 70mm Parts List 28 x5 39 x7 43 x6 35 x1 5 3 7 2 6 x2 1 16 x2 24 x1 11 x1 12 x4 13 x1 4 x1 9 x1 14 ×6 ×2
33 8 8 Pendulum PitchingMachine ModelVideoOperation Done
1 2 3 34 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try placing objects of varying weight into the ball and observe the difference in how far the ball is hit. Try building different types of pendulum pitching machines.
Kids,distributions.whatother types of pinball machines can you think of?
9 Pinball
Since a pinball machine’s design is sloped, gravity will pull the marble down. While rolling, the marble strikes stakes, altering its path. Eventually, the marble will fall into different columns that are dived by different baffles. One giant pinball machine uses a football instead of a marble. After the football is launched, it follows the curved path to the top. This looks like the “banana-throwing” skill from football, hence why this machine is called a “banana-throwing pinball machine”.
Scientific Application Slopes and Gravity
35 Brainstorming
The pinball machine here refers to the mechanical type. Marbles can be launched either automatically or manually, with both of them launching the marble by releasing a plunger, which sends the marble along the track up to the top.
This is an experimental instrument, which looks like a pinball at first glance. On the top of the device, there is a funnel-shaped container that contains hundreds of same-sized marbles. The mouth of the funnel is controlled by an active latch. Underneath it is a bunch of regular triangular lattices, which consists of stakes. Furthest below are the baffles, which correspond to each stake. When conducting the experiment, you only need to pull out the latch. The marbles will roll down into different columns, which are divided by the baffles. The outline of the marble pile will be bellshaped. Most of the marbles fall into the middle section, with some marbles deflecting either left or right with equal probability. The result is close to a normal distribution. This is Pascal's Marble Run, often used for learning probability
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In life, what other machines have you seen that use random allocation?
36 Parts List 16 x2 30 x1 17 x2 7 x3 8 x2 13 x2 15 x1 29 x13 36 x8 37 x1 38 x5 39 x5 41 x5 43 x1 35 x2 40 x4 1 9 7 2 8 4 3 5 6 ×5 ×2 ×2
37 9 11 12 10 Pinball ModelVideoOperation Done
1 2 3 38 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try shooting 3 balls in order and observe if they fall in the same places. Try making the 3 balls land in the same position.
39 ReviewModel 8.Pendulum Pitching Machine 10 6.Springboard 7.Pitching9.PinballMachine GreenMech 2 Please use the models and principles you’ve learned and link two (or more) machines together to collect the balls and shoot them one by one.
Winner! 40 ConceptDesign My Artwork 2 1 3 DesignModel CreationModel Evaluation
In our daily lives, there is a coin-sorting machine that also uses the same principle as the gravity-pick machine. Inside of the machine is a sloped-spiral track. After inserting coins, the coins travel down along the sloped track in a circular motion. On the sides of the track are several round holes that differ according to each coins’ diameter. While the coin is spinning, a centrifugal force is created. Therefore, when the size of a coin matches a hole’s size, the coin will be sucked out into that hole by its centrifugal force, and will fall into the container. Since only coins of the same size would be collected in each container, the machine can successfully sort out different coins from one another.
In 17th century Britain, a person designed a perpetual motion machine. The machine they designed consisted of a turntable with many inclined partitions. Dozens of steel balls rotate in a circular motion along with the turntable, which increases their torque. When a steel ball reaches the top point of the machine, the ball would roll back to the turntable center along the inclined surface. The ball would then once again follow the turntable in a circular motion, increasing its torque accordingly. The turntable rotates from this repetitive movement, making this a perpetual motion machine. Kids, after understanding this principle can you build a gravity-pick machine?
MachineGravity-Pick
Scientific Application Circular Motion and Slopes
41 Brainstorming
How do you shoot a bunch of balls to the next level within a limited time?
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42 Parts List x7 1 2 x5 6 x1 5 x2 10 x1 11 x2 9 x4 12 x4 13 x2 14 x2 23 x1 24 x1 25 x2 21 x3 15 x1 36 x4 35 x2 100mm 1 5 3 2 6 4
43 11 7 8100mm Gravity-Pick MachineModelOperationVideoDone
1 2 3 44 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try putting 3 balls in and have them roll out one by one in order. Try changing the design of the model to control the number of balls that drop each time.
Tony randomly saw a lottery draw show on TV. He noticed that all the lottery machines were transparent. This way, people could see through the machine and remove any doubt of cheating. Tony curiously noted how the numbers that the lottery machine chose all rolled through a long spiral track. What he couldn’t figure out was what difference was there between a spiral track and straight track. One day, while his teacher was introducing spirals, Tony realized that the benefits of a spiral design were that they provided the most efficient use of space, extended the length of the track, and slowed the speed at which the ball fell. Tony guessed the purpose of making lottery machines transparent was also to let the audiences to see each number clearly and increase the suspense of the numbers being revealed!
Kids, do you understand how the spiral roller is constructed? Try building it!
12 Spiral Roller Scientific Application Slope
It is very common to see water slides at a water park. Some water slides are spirallyshaped, so that the riders can feel the rush of the water flow, as well as the excitement of spinning! If you pay more attention to the design, you will notice that there is a cover on every turn. This is because, due to the movement of inertia, it is very easy to fly off the edge when sliding into the turn at a very high speed. To have a cover is to prevent the riders from falling off the slide.
45 Brainstorming
How do you design the track so that balls don’t easily fall off while rolling on it?
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46 Parts List 42 x4 43 x9 17 x4 36 x8 37 x1 39 x7 41 x6 35 x4 40 x6 35 2 6 1 44 x3 ×2 4 ×3
47 12 8 Spiral Roller ×3
48 11 12
49 12 13 Spiral Roller ModelVideoOperation Done
1 2 3 50 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try placing objects of different weight in the ball and observe the types of conditions that cause the ball to roll off the track. Try simultaneously placing several balls and observe if there’s a difference.
Bifurcated tracks are one of the core designs in a mechanical coin slot machine. The bifurcated track can differentiate genuine coins from fake ones. Mechanical coin-slot devices are a key component of vending machines. The first stage of a vending machine is to determine which coins were inserted via a currency-weighing scale, which consists of a special weight beam and load. When a coin is inserted, it slides along a groove before making impact with the weight scale. It is a bifurcated track, which allows coins that meet the suitable diameter and weight to go through. The currency weighing scale presses down, creating enough space to initiate the separation of the tracks. The qualified coins then move on to the next stage, where they activate other parts of the vending machine. As for non-qualified coins, they can’t make the weighing scale function; therefore, they return to the repayment port through another track.When there is traffic, what methods can we use to lessen the amount of cars? When a train runs from one track to another, it needs a controllable railroad switch. The switch consists of a pair of linked tapering rails, known as points. The railroad switch can guide the moving train to another track safely.
A railroad switch consists of two beveled, adjustable tracks, to reduce its rigidity. It is easily operated by using a rod which can control the direction of the tracks. This way, a train’s rims can be guided toward the scheduled tracks. Kids, aside from railroads, do you know any other places this principle can be applied?
TrackBifurcated
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Scientific Application Lever and Slope
51 Brainstorming
52 Parts List x4 1 16 x2 26 x1 19 x2 10 x4 15 x1 36 x8 38 x2 39 x1 41 x1 43 x2 35 x3 150mm 12 4 3 ×2 ×2
53 13 5 7 6 Bifurcated Track ModelVideoOperation Done
1 2 3 54 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try placing several balls continuously and calculate the number of allocations on each side. Try designing different types of bifurcated tracks.
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Scientific Application Slopes and Inertia
55 Brainstorming
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RampSki-Jump
There is one kind of ski equipment that applies the principles of slope and inertia. It’s the ramp for the ski jump at the Winter Olympics. It is a long and steep ski slope. At the end of the slope is a kicker ramp. When you watch a ski jumping competition and its equipment on TV, you may find that it’s exciting. However, if you saw all of this in person, you may freak out, especially if you stood on the starting platform and looked down the mountain. Skiers first go down a take-off ramp. Once they reach the kicker ramp, they fly off of the ramp and are projected forward through the air by the movement of inertia. Finally, they travel and land in the shape of a parabola. The champion is the one who jump the furthest. When driving on roads that aren’t flat, what do you feel?
The a deck of an aircraft carrier is not completely flat. The flight deck is inclined like a ramp for jets to take off of. The design of a carrier’s deck is no different from an ordinary boat. There’s no need for any special equipment, hence, there is no need to enlist any professional or technical staff. Of course, as a flight deck, its strength must be enhanced. When planes are carrying out their flight mission, the planes speed up near the end of the ramp deck. This creates an upwards lift, which increases the elevating force needed for taking off. The movement of inertia helps the plane take off from the Kids,ramp.aside from the slanted deck of aircraft carriers, where else are the principles of the ski-jump ramp applied?
56 1 Parts List 1 5 3 2 6 4 7 8 x8 1 1 2 x6 2 16 x2 25 x1 31 x2 7 x2 9 x2 12 x2 13 x4 29 x2 39 x5 41 x2 42 x1 43 x4 35 x1 ×2 ×2
57 14 Caution! This is able to discharge objects other than the rubber band provided with the toy. Do not use with any other objects. There is a risk of injury. Ski-Jump Ramp ModelVideoOperation Done
1 2 3 58 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try placing a high wall at the end of the track and try to successfully jump the ball over the obstacle. Try making the ball fly over the high wall and landing in the designated area.
59 ReviewModel 15 11.Gravity-Pick Machine 13.Bifurcated Track 12.Spiral 14.Ski-JumpRollerRamp GreenMech 3 Please use the models and principles you’ve learned and link two (or more) machines together to make the ball move and switch to another track.
Winner! 60 ConceptDesign My Artwork 2 1 3 DesignModel CreationModel Evaluation
Most high-speed tracks are high-speed rail tracks, which are usually referred to as Bullet Trains. This is a railway transportation system with traveling speeds much faster than that of ordinary railways.
61 Brainstorming
Scientific Application Slopes and Inertia
What methods can you use to produce a very fast speed
The high-speed track we introduce here is a combination of building blocks, which utilize slope and elasticity. By combining building blocks to operate in this way, the speed of the ball as it is launched from the track is faster than if you were only using elasticity to launch it on a horizontal railway. This is because the former uses a track where the slope is facing downhill, allowing the pull of gravity to increase the ball’s speed. Since the former track is relatively faster, it is called a high-speed track. As previously said, it’s necessary to consider the appropriate slope angle and track width. The relative position of the bricks to the left and right of the high speed track must also be aligned and kept straight during actual assembling. This way, we can make sure to achieve the effects of a high speed rail.
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The main high-speed rail operators of the world now usually limit the maximum speed at around 300 kph. This requires technical cooperation between the railway vehicles, tracks, and signal systems. There is a large demand for high speed tracks.
High TrackSpeed
The biggest different between high-speed tracks and normal tracks is that there are no rocks applied between the sleepers. This is to prevent any “rock splash” from the airflow caused while the train is moving at high speeds, which may damage the Kids,train. can you try building the most amazing high speed track?
62 Parts List 31 x8x1 1 1 2 x2 2 16 x2 25 x1 20 x1 9 x1 12 x2 13 x2 39 x4 41 x1 43 x2 44 x2 35 x1 5 3 7 2 6 8 4 1 100mm ×2
63 16 11 9 10 High Speed Track Caution! This is able to discharge objects other than the rubber band provided with the toy. Do not use with any other objects. There is a risk of injury. ModelVideoOperation Done
1 2 3 64 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try placing balls of different weight onto the high speed track and observe how the balls roll Try adjusting the angle of length of the high speed track and observe how the balls roll.
In the past, in order to prevent an external invasion, people dug deep channels around castles, and then guided water into the channel. This channel became a moat. In order to make it convenient to travel in and out of the castle, a suspension bridge would be built outside of the gate. The bridge itself also serves as a preventive measure. Its pivot is built on the border of the gate and the bridge. To travel in and out of the gate, one only needs to lower the bridge down on the moat by using its gravity. It then became a passageway, allowing people to enter and exit the castle. If there were enemies coming, the bridge could be pulled up by string with a lever to move the bridge against its own gravity. The bridge would be pulled up and the gate would be closed. The bridge at the gate applies both a lever action and its own gravity to open and close.
17 Going Through the Wall Scientific Application Lever and Gravity
A dog door is a typical example of an application which uses both a lever and gravity. It is a small portal, where a hinge attaches with a flexible flap. When a dog door is installed on a door, the flexible flap is closed by its own gravity. When a dog wants to enter or exist the house, he doesn’t need to wait for his owner to open the door for him. He can use his head to push the flap. With this motion, the hinge on the top of the flap becomes the pivot point, activating the lever motion needed to lift up the flap. Therefore, the dog can go enter and exit through it. After the dog passes through, the flap closes from its own gravity. With the application of levers, and the gravity of the dog door, this flap can be both opened and
Giveclosed.anexample of something in daily life that uses the same principles as a “dog door”.
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Kids, can you simulate the design of the city walls?
65 Brainstorming
66 150mm5 3 7 2 6 1 4 Parts List x2 1 2 x2 43 x3 35 x2 40 x2 39 x3 41 x1 28 x2 19 x2 26 x1 16 x2 14 x2 15 x2 17 x2 36 x3 ×3
67 17 9 8 Going Through theModelWallOperationVideoDone
1 2 3 68 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try observing what happens when balls of different weights trigger the blocks. Try adjusting the angle or height of the track and observe what happens when the ball triggers the city walls.
After school, Tony and his friends went to play billiards together. This was Tony’s first time playing. After seeing his friends continuously knocking balls into the corner pockets, Tony felt like a loser. It seemed that he couldn’t get the technique down right.
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Tony’s friend told Tony that in order to hit the a ball into one of the pockets, you have to imagine the hit-point of the cue ball first. Then, you must predict the trajectory of the target ball after it gets hit by the cue ball. Basically, you can assume a two-dimensional strike; the striking angle and force of the cue ball will decide the direction and distance the target ball will travel. After their explanation, Tony finally understood the trick behind playing Kids,billiards.now that you understand the principles of elastic collision, try building a buffer track and test it by colliding balls!
69 Brainstorming
A Newton’s cradle is a device which consists of five identically-sized steel balls suspended on a metal frame. The steel balls are touching each other at rest. This limits the movement of the steel balls in a one-dimensional elastic collision. Therefore, if you were to lift up the right-end ball and release it freely, it will strike the second ball beside it. Because every steel ball’s mass is the same, the first ball stops and transmits its energy to the second one. Now the second ball has the same speed that the first ball had before striking. Because the second ball touches the third ball, the same elastic collision as before happens again. When the energy transmits to the left-end ball, the ball swings upward. When the left-end ball strikes back, the same sequence happens again. Only the end-balls swing. The balls in the middle stay still. Can you feel the impact from the other side of the wall?
18 Buffer Track Scientific Application Elastic Collision
70 5 3 2 6 4 1 Parts List 16 x1 7 x3 12 x3 39 x2 42 x1 43 x2 35 x2 3 x3 17 x2 15 x2 36 ×x62 ×2
71 18 7 8 Buffer Track ModelVideoOperation Done
1 2 3 72 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try adding a transfer block in the middle, see how many you can add. Try drawing a few animals on a white sheet of paper, cut them out and paste them on the simple pendulum, then make it swing right to left.
73 Brainstorming
Tony and Grandpa Rudolph went to the zoo together. They saw a peacock, which made a very attractive sound as he opened his beautiful tail feathers. Grandpa Rudolph explained to Tony that the peacock normally hides his colorful tail, but when mating season arrives, the male peacock will open up his beautiful feathers in a fan-shape, displaying them for a peahen. Additionally, male peacocks have many eye-spotted tail feathers. Their purpose is to intimidate enemies. When a peacock faces a threat, he will open his tail feathers.
Confused by the number of “eyes”, the enemy will retreat. Kids, can you build a peacock?
19 Peacock Scientific Application Lever and Gravity
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The closest example from daily life, of how a peacock opens his tail feathers, is the folding fan. These fans are foldable and easy to carry around. When using one, all you need to do to open the fan is to push the bottom frame with your hand. The frame acts as a lever, while the fan’s nail acts as its pivot, allowing the surface of the fan to unfold. This makes the frame of the fan fling out in an arc. Since the fan’s surface is attached to the frame, its tension limits the frame’s range of movement. This surface tensions causes each part of the surface to unfold, just like how a peacock opens his
Wheretail.else is the lever principle applied?
74 150mm1 5 2 6 3 4 Parts List x4 1 2 x9 35 x1 19 x2 26 x1 16 x9 23 x1 10 x1 9 x2 3 x2 31 x1 ×6
75 19 7 8 Peacock ModelVideoOperation Done
1 2 3 76 CreativityHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModelSmart Manual Web Service Try drawing a picture on a white sheet of paper using the blocks, apply it to the blocks and see the effect when they open. Try building models that open at different angles.
77 ReviewModel 16.High Speed Track 18.Buffer Track 17.Going Through the Wall 19.Peacock 20 GreenMech 4 Please use the models and principles you’ve learned and link two (or more) machines together to make the blocks trigger the mechanism to the next level.
Winner! 78 ConceptDesign My Artwork 2 1 3 DesignModel CreationModel Evaluation
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