May | Jun 14 - Grain & Feed Milling Technology

May - June 2014

first published in 1891

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GM soybeans

The on-farm facts

In this issue: •

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The Mills Archive GFMT becomes a patron

Harvest conditions:

wheat quality and addressing issues

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Role of extruders

in Halal food production

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Fortification

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IAOM

Fortification in rice and flour 118th Annual Conference & Expo

INCORPORATING PORTS, DISTRIBUTION AND FORMULATION

A subscription magazine for the global flour & feed milling industries - first published in 1891

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May - June 2014

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GRAIN & FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

VOLUME: 125 NUMBER: 3 Grain & Feed Milling Technology ISSN No: 1466-3872 Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace, St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Fax: +44 1242 267701 info@perendale.co.uk

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Publisher Roger Gilbert Tel: +44 1242 267707 rogerg@perendale.co.uk Design manager James Taylor Tel: +44 1242 267707 jamest@gfmt.co.uk Circulation & events manager Tuti Tan Tel: +44 1242 267707 tutit@gfmt.co.uk International marketing team Darren Parris Tel: +44 1242 267707 darrenp@gfmt.co.uk Lee Bastin leeb@gfmt.co.uk Tom Blacker tomb@perendale.co.uk Tilly Geoghegan tillyg@perendale.co.uk Latin America Marketing Team Iván Marquetti Tel: +54 2352 427376 ivanm@perendale.co.uk Pablo Porcel de Peralta pablop@perendale.co.uk India Marketing Team Assocom-India Pvt Ltd Tel: +91 47 675216 india@perendale.co.uk

MILLING NEWS €17 million investment in technology Park Introducing the Mills Archive GFMT becomes patron of the mills archive Risk Assessments as a part of FSP Muyang changes brand name to FAMSUN Lambton`s new customer New website offers fresh user experience FEATURES Fortification - Global leaders hoping to fight anemia with rice fortification

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Fortification - Flour fortification with vital vitamins and minerals

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GM soybeans – The on-farm facts

18

Botanical Warfare

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IAOM - 118th Annual Conference & Expo special

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High feedstuffs costs

42

Harvest conditions

46

The importance of a secure supply chain

50

REGULAR ITEMS GUEST EDITOR'S OBSERVATIONS

Prof. Ram Rajasekharan, Rajasekharan, Director, CSIR-CFTRI

ASSOCIATIONS

Inside UK: UK£70 Outside: US$140/ Euros110 More Information www.gfmt.co.uk http://gfmt.blogspot.co.uk

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Global flour associations

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COMMODITIES Raw material outlook, by John Buckley

48

EVENTS 58 VIV Europe 60 The GFMT interview Prof. Ram Rajasekharan, Director, CSIR-CFTRI

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INDUSTRY FACES 64 Oro Agri strengthens its communications New operation manager at Biorigin McLain named CEO & President of Garner Industries Steve Harris retires from Meriden

Nigeria Marketing Team Nathan Nwosu Tel: +234 805 7781077 nathann@perendale.co.uk Annual Subscription Rates

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Grain & Feed Milling Technology is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom. All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published.

Copyright 2014 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication

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may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. More information can be found at www.perendale.com Perendale Publishers Ltd also publish, 'The International Milling Directory' and 'The Global Miller' news service

Guest - EDITOR’S OBSERVATIONS

4 | EDITOR’S

OBSERVATIONS

I

n a country like India where malnutrition causes the death of nearly 1.3 million children annually, it is not surprising that combatting malnutrition and ensuring food security becomes the primary challenge of every food researcher in the country.

India, along with Nepal and Bangladesh, has the world’s highest rate of malnutrition.

Undernourishment leads to child mortality since the children develop a weakened immune system.

Malnutrition, according to the World Health Organization, contributes to more than a third of all child deaths.

A ‘milky way’ to better nutrition and wheat holds the key As a constituent laboratory of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, (CSIR), Government of India, it has been our constant endeavor to address and resolve food and health issues faced by our country, which includes problems of hunger, health, malnutrition, food safety and food security.

Ironic

It is quite ironic that despite India being an agricultural country and a leader in food grain production, there is a huge percentage of the population is malnourished; this could partly be due to not giving children the right type and amount of nutrition.

A full meal in the Indian scenario is most likely to be carbohydrate rich and would be deficient of other required nutrients like vitamins, fiber and minerals.

Even amongst the educated and the rich Indians, the concept of a complete balanced diet is still a myth.

Unlike yesteryear, when rice/wheat formed the staple diet, today’s generation requires a more nutritious, balanced and tasty platter. There is also one set of the society that is on the move always and this group needs their healthy platter “on the go.”

Given this diversity of Indian consumers, we attempted to develop a product that could cater to all strata of the society. A nutritious drink, fortified with all minerals and vitamins could be the answer!

However, this drink should be affordable by all, so as to meet the goal of our Institute - of ensuring food security in the country.

Nutrition left behind

As mentioned earlier, India is a major grain producer globally, the second largest in wheat production.

The grain is used multifariously – as whole wheat, whole wheat flour from mills (atta), home milled flour (in chakkies) or as processed maida.

The milling process leaves Prof. Ram Rajasekharan behind a lot of bran and wheat Rajasekharan, Director, CSIR-CFTRI germ, the latter being the most nutritious portion of the grain.

An attempt to utilise the wheat germ in making a product resulted in the most nutritive, yet less expensive wheat germ milk.

Of about 700 million tonnes of wheat produced globally every year for purified white flour and semolina, about 25 percent of the by-product of bran and wheat germ is sold at very low prices as animal feed.

Statistically, the 2.5 to three percent wheat germ alone accounts to about two to three million tonnes in India.

Wheat germ is very rich in vitamins B and E, and in minerals like iron, calcium and zinc that can play a key role in alleviating malnutrition, prevent lifestyle chronic diseases and also help to combat a few life threatening diseases.

Although wheat germ per se is available on the shelves at exorbitant prices, the germ that is left out from the milling process (to avoid rancidity of the flour) still goes only as cattle feed.

Therefore, CSIR-CFTRI India, ventured into developing a new minimal process method of extracting the nutritious wheat germ and further converting it to a suitable raw material for making a delicious beverage.

A beverage to tackle world hunger and malnutrition

Among routine foods, beverages are most needed and liked by people of all age groups. Milk is one such beverage dominant in health and wellness arena.

Pure vegans do not consume milk, because of its animal origin.

Some others do not take milk because of lactose intolerance. The wheat germ milk developed by our Institute can be a suitable alternative for these groups of populations, apart from being a great source of nutrition for the malnourished and affordable by the poorest.

It comes with the advantage of being stable enough even in non-refrigerated conditions. This product can also be tailor made to suit different groups – like, iron rich for the anemic, Vitamin B rich for the vitamin deficient etc.

CSIR-CFTRI processes for wheat germ isolation and germ treatments, have paved ways for making quality wheat-germ extractives that form the main components of the wheat germ milk.

Our institute is also focusing on other similar products that could perhaps hold the answer to some of the major global food and nutrition issues.

I foresee the possibility for industries to play vital roles in networking with research institutions, government, policy makers, NGOs and grass root workers to address global hunger and malnutrition problem in a holistic manner.

It may not be too long when we could all together find a sustainable solution to this major problem.

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&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

GRAIN

€17 million investment in technology Park A blog dedicated to professionals - including nutritionists - in the transportation, storage and milling of grains, feedstuffs, rice and cereals, globally.

Hello Millers, Hundreds of millions of people around the world rely on grasslands to feed the livestock which are the foundation of their livelihoods Yet poor land management has left large swathes of the world's grasslands degraded - an environmental problem which also has direct implications for livestock-dependent communities. http://bit.ly/1kqckGc Perten Instruments AB of Stockholm, Sweden, announced today that it is releasing a new and innovative software platform for Diode Array based process instruments Perten Instruments rise to the challenge posed by the ever continued evolution towards seamless integration in a modern industrial automation environment by the release of its Process Plus package. http://bit.ly/1rNKTtU Challenging health issues Farmers and their vets will be teaming up to share how they have proactively addressed some of the most common and challenging health issues found on beef and dairy units in the Farm Health Planning seminars to be staged at Livestock Event at The NEC, Birmingham on Wednesday and Thursday, July 2-3, 2014. http://bit.ly/1kAX9Ei Anticipating the future of the food chain From antibiotic-free meats to healthy bees, anticipating the future of the food chain is one of the keys to successfully feeding a rapidly growing world population, delegates learned during the closing session of Alltech’s 30th Annual Alltech International Symposium. The three-day event explored the curiosity-invoking theme of “What If?” in Lexington, Kentucky, USA, from May 18-21 2014. http://bit.ly/1p98ReC Innovation Award Housing and Farming On the last day of the VIV Europe 2014, Diederik Fetter, director of Hotraco Group, was handed the Innovation Award Housing and Farming by the jury for the revolutionary and innovative Fortica touch screen poultry house computer. http://bit.ly/UeeU7J VIV Europe “I want to thank everyone involved in VIV Europe for making it so successful.”

VIV Worldwide project manager, Ruwan Berculo, is happy with the VIV Europe 2014 results. The world expo for the global animal husbandry and processing received exceptionally high approval ratings from visitors and exhibitors. The organisers met their objectives to create the best possible business environment for the industry with some 22,000 visitors attending. http://bit.ly/1mWbrm3

http://gfmt.blogspot.com

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ilos Cordoba will be the first company to install facilities in Cordoba’s technology park.

Silos Cordoba, a benchmark in Cordoba’s economy, announced an ambitious operation.

They changed their plans to move to El Carpio.

Due to the lack of space, a typical problem of a growing company, the company is moving to technology park Rabanales 21 – in Cordoba city – and not to El Carpio as planned. A new facility will also be built in El Carpio, but in a second phase.

The company manager, Juan López Regalón, reported that the company, which earned Euros 46 million in 2013 will be equipped with a 10,000 meters factory plus another 1100 of office building. According to López Regalon, the work will begin late May. They new facility is expected to be operational in 2015.

The company manager explained that the new facility will host the corporate headquarters, its strong R & D + iDepartment – already installed at technology park last year – and the silos manufacturing plant.

Once the new facility at Rabanales 21 is up and running, they will start building the facility at El Carpio, expected to be in place between late 2016 and mid2017. López Regalón explained that they will have approximately 6000 square meters of production, where they will install the manufacture of conveying machinery. In addition, he continued, Silos Cordoba aims to make its plant in El Carpio a logistics center, since they will have connection to the railroad.

NUMBER CRUNCHING Wheat

5 million tonnes - the amount of wheat used by British four millers yearly.

85% of the wheat used by UK millers is grown in the UK (rest imported primarily from Canada, USA, France and Germany).

60% of flour produced in the UK is used primarily for the manufacturing of bread products with the remainder used in a variety of food and products

74 kg - the amount of UK flour consumed per person each year (during the period of 2008 and 2009).

75% of the bread purchased within Britain is white bread (with 12 million loaves of bread sold each day).

43 - the average amount of loaves bought yearly per-person within Britain 14th - August, the date the UK runs our of food (if all the food produced in a year was stored and eaten from January 1st)

See our images of the 118th Annual IAOM Conference & Expo (ACE) at http://www.facebook.com/GrainFeedMillingTechnology

19.4 billion (UK£) – the gap between food imports and exports in the UK Source: NFU, DEFRA and nabim - http://www.nabim. org.uk/statistics/flour-and-bread-consumption/

May - June 2014 | 7

Introducing the Mills Archive

by Mildred Cookson, Miller and Foundation Trustee of the Mills Archive Trust

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he Mills Archive is rapidly establishing itself as an international resource for learning, understanding and research on the history of mills, both traditional and contemporary.

Having been set up by a group of enthusiasts in 2002, it has grown from its roots in traditional windmills and watermills and is now about to include roller flour milling.

The Archive, based in Reading in the UK, is run by a registered charity, The Mills Archive Trust (Reg no: 1155828). The charity

was established to educate the public on all aspects of mills and milling.

The Archive website and catalogue www.millsarchive. org provides a feast of images and documents on traditional mills, reflecting more than 100 collections incorporating two million items that are now provided with a safe home.

This national centre of e xce lle nce , w hic h m a ke s information freely available to the public, is planning a major initiative to build a specialist archive for roller flour milling.

This important step forward

is par t of a coordinated programme and will be of great interest to readers of GFMT. The Roller Flour Milling Revolution (see previous issue March-April 2014 pp14 -15) provides the launch pad for rescuing a neglected part of our milling heritage. The Archive will be applying for grants to integrate this project into the story of flour milling “From Quern to Computer”.

Chairman, Dr Ron Cookson MBE, predicted, “If we get the funds required, we will be able to offer the facilities and staff to provide a vital service for

modern flour milling around the world. “ We are keen to collect material on the people, the technology and the buildings associated with the transition from stones to rollers and the consequent advances of the industry worldwide.”

Historical materials lost

The Mills Archive recognises that much historical material has been lost and much current information is commercially confidential.

Nevertheless, it is keen to collec t and preser ve any records that donors can identify and give to them.

Archivist, Nathanael Hodge, commented, “ We need to ensure as far as possible, that any material given to us is also provided with a description of its context. If we are to explain to future generations how the different elements of our heritage fit together in a rapidly evolving story, we need to be clear how things fit together.”

Anyone with material that is of historical relevance and is needing a home, where it can be preserved for posterity should email the Archive at mills@ millsarchive.org

About the author

A late 19th-century advertising postcard, stating on the reverse that “Hecker’s superlative flours received the First Premiums at the World’s Fair, London, and the World’s Fair, New York.” © Mills Archive Trust; The Mildred Cookson Foundation Collection

GFMT becomes patron of the mills archive

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he appointment of Perendale Publishers Limited, publishers of Grain and Feed Milling Technology magazine (formerly called 'Milling') as patron of the Mills Archive Trust has been completed.

Following a long overdue visit to the Archive earlier this month, Roger Gilber t

the publisher of GFMT, said he w as convinced tod ay's m a g a zine h ad t o conne c t more closely with its past editions under the title of Milling and that there was no better way to do this than to support the development of the Mills Archive in Reading. " W hile t he M ill s A rc hi ve covers all historical milling processes and the companies and people involved, technolog y has moved the industr y on and t hat w as particularly noticeable during and following the introduction

of the roller flour mill.

"Technolog y is still moving u s f o r w a r d , h o w e v e r, i t is impor t ant to know our history and connect with it as it can help us in determining the future direction of the industry. " We are extremely pleased to have been invited by the Mills Archive to become a patron and we will support the aims and objectives of the Archive both locally and globally through our print , online and digital services to industry; after all milling flour

Mildred was a water-miller for 30 years and is editor of Mill News, a magazine on traditional mills. As a Foundation Trustee of the Mills Archive Trust, she is donating all her extensive collection of material to the Archive – including her wide-ranging material on roller flour milling, which includes the postcard accompanying this article.

is a universal activity and we all use similar technology and the same raw materials.

"Milling magazine turning into GFMT ref lects the change of emphasis in the milling industry and as a result we now address the industry as a global identity. We believe t h e M i ll s A rc h i ve h a s a n important international role to play as well," he adds.

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8 | May - June 2014

Risk Assessments as a part of FSP

by Johan den Hartog, managing director of GMP+ International, Rijswijk, The Netherlands

The Feed Support Products (FSP) are part of the GMP+ Feed Certification scheme (GMP+ FC scheme).

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i t h F S P, G M P + International offers various information sources in an interactive way.

This helps companies in the implementation of a companyspecific HACCP system.

The risk assessments are main items in this, generic in nature and representing a worst-case scenario. The risk analyses can serve as a guideline for the company-specif ic risk assessment.

The GMP+ FC scheme contains the requirements regarding risk assessments, standards and monitoring frequency. GMP+ participants can use input from FSP to make a company-specific HACCP system and monitoring program (see Figure 1).

GRAIN

FS P - including the risk assessments - can be visualised as a ‘funnel’.

Information from several sources enters FSP. This is practical information from GMP+ companies, but science reports as well. FSP structures and links the information in such a way that feed companies can use it for their company-specif ic HACCP system. Feed companies can give feedback information to further improve the FSP. This process has been visualised in Figure 2.

Core values

The Feed Support Products operates based on four core values: 1. Practical information T he i nfor m at ion i n F S P about processing, possible hazards, risk assessments and monitoring data is received from GMP+ companies 2. Science based The (generic) risk assessments of feed materials fully comply with the requirements referred to in the HACCP manual for the animal feed sector (2008) To subst antiate potential adverse effects of a hazard, the information is published in fact sheets for both undesirable subst ances and technical processing aids. The severity of hazards indicated in fact sheets and risk assessments has been evaluated by scientists of RIKILT. 3. Independency The policy and technical aspects of FSP are reviewed by independent committees, being the International Expert Committee Animal Feed (IEC Animal Feed) and the Technical Committee FSP (TC FSP). TC FSP acts as a HACCP team for the FSP

Figure 1: Link between GMP+ FC scheme and various sections of FSP

Figure 2: FSP as a ‘funnel’

4. Transparency FS P wants to obser ve transparent communication to all stakeholders as well as transparent work methods.

Procedures for changes are described. Every change is communicated to the GMP+ communit y via the FSP newsletters

Risk Assessment

This section of FSP contains risk assessments of feed materials for Food producing anim als (including goat s , poultry, cattle, sheep and pigs, but also horses and rabbits).

Farmed fish is not included, because farmed fish is more susceptible to contaminants than other types of animals.

Aqua feed companies have begun to show more interest in the GMP+ FSA module.

For this reason, steps have been taken to extend the risk assessments (e.g. the new risk assessment of hydrolyzed fish protein) and fact sheets to aqua feed.

The risk assessments contain proce ss di agr ams of t he (primary) production process, an inventor y of possible hazards in feed material, an estimate of the risk of a hazard (likely occurrence x severit y) and control measures that may be taken in order to control these hazards.

The hazards specified in the analysis do not self-evidently have to be applicable in the company-specific analysis as the generic risk analysis represents a worst case scenario.

Also, when estimating the likely occurrence a situation is assumed in which no control measures have been taken

yet. The likely occurrence estimation is a guideline. Each individual GMP+ company should determine and enter the likely occurrence itself.

The estimation of the severity is identical for all hazards in all risk assessments. It is a characteristic of the substance (for example a chemical contaminant) or the product (bacteria, glass, etc.).

Maintenance of the FSP

The contents of the different products continuously change due to new feed legislation, regulations, e merging risk s and new scientific information.

Changes include new feed materials/products, hazards, new “product-hazard co m b i n a t i o n s” a n d n ew standards (legislation).

These changes are periodically processed by GMP+ International within FSP by a maintenance procedure.

Changes in hazards (severity, ef fect) are processed in f ac t s he e t s a nd /or r i sk assessments. Reasons for ch ange s c an be (among others): a. New feed legislation b. Early Warning System (EWS) from GMP+ c. Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) d. Feed Crises e. New scientific information/ new hazards (eg from TNO, Rikilt, EFSA) f. Practical experiences from companies T h e co n t e n t o f F S P i s supervised by the Technical Committee FSP. You can find FSP, including the generic risk assessments, on the GMP+ portal www.gmpplus.org

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GRAIN

May - June 2014 | 9

Muyang changes brand name to FAMSUN

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uyang Co Ltd recently announced changing its brand name from Muyang to FAMSUN starting May 2014.

This move is prompted by the idea of better illustrating the company's business and the farmto-table industry chain it serves. It is consistent with Muyang's global strategy and it aim of becoming an integrated solution provider in the agro-industry.

FAMSUN originates from "famous, farm, family, sun and union"; it represent s Muyang Co Ltd 's development concept and vision, which is to build a green and healthy supply chain from farm to table together with its customers and to convert traditional agriculture into a more modern, profitable and sustainable business integrating

Lambton machinery used in new project

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egra located in the South part of Chile and fully installed at the end of 2012, has a total storage capacity is 5800 tons of wheat.

The development includes four 200-tonne hopper bins and two 250 0 -tonne flat bottom bins.

Existing concrete bins which were renovated are also being used.

New website offers fresh user experience

I

n an age of increased user mobility, the new BIOMIN website presents a fresh look with ease of navigation on all technology platforms—desktop and laptop computers, and mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones.

Strengthening visual appeal while

NEWS IN BRIEF New high for UK sheep meat exports to non-EU markets.

Export volumes of UK sheep meat to non-EU markets in the first quarter of 2014 have hit a new record high. Shipments to these markets increased by 53 per cent compared with the same period last year at 5,430 tonnes, with

solutions in feed manufacturing, grain milling, grain handling, storage and food processing, as well as automation.

The creative design of the FAMSUN logo features a beveled letter "F", a curvy letter "A", a stretching letter "S" and a friendly letter "U". It will be the only signage representing Muyang's business, products, service and solutions.

Meanwhile, the company will continue to operate in its current structure, providing follow-up ser vices based on a relevant agreement, and its business contacts will remain unchanged.

FA M S U N m a d e i t s p u b l i s h debut at the 12th China Animal Husbandr y E xpo on M ay 18 , 2014 in Qingdao, China and at VIV Europe 2014 on May 20 in Utrecht, Netherlands.

L ambton chain conveyors and bucket elevators were included in the project ranging between 120 tonnes/hour and 60 tonnes/ hour. Bins sold are four 21’ with 40’ 11” high and two 48’ with 70’ 4” high.

Handling equipment sold were two bucket elevators of 24” head pulley for 120tph of wheat, one bucket elevator of 16” head pulley for 60tph of wheat, several 9” x 17” chain conveyors for 120tph and three 9” x 9” chain conveyors for 60tph.

p re se r v i ng t he co n t e n t - r ic h structure that embodies the strong research and development core of BIOMIN, the revamped site runs alongside a new and improved email newsletter optimized for smartphones The website has stronger speciesfocus to help users quickly navigate their way to the most relevant information that now comes with a search feature.

the Far East and West Africa the leading destinations. Hong Kong is now second only to France as the largest volume destination for UK sheep meat exports, with volumes for the first quarter of 2014 up 38 per cent on the same period last year. It accounts for more than 75 per cent of the UK’s non-EU trade.

West Africa has also become an increasingly important region for exports of UK sheep meat, with Ghana the ninth largest global destination

by Tom Blacker, directory coordinator

F

inding that the International Milling Directory stays constantly relevant is a challenging task but one I always find to be a greatly enjoyable.

Recently, at VIV Europe which was hosted by the VNU in Utrecht, Holland, over 800 copies we're distributed, which meant we met with a great number of industry figures too.

One example shone out here: the newly baptised moniker FAMSUN of China (aka Muyang). The appreciation of our directory from this leading milling machinery manufacturer and complete turnkey solution provider could not have been more apparent.

Their Equipment Guides, adverts, products, images, listings and more details were all admired by the highlevel staff at the show, but the new name has only just taken effect.

The reason for this is due to that the International Milling Directory provides content and information in an aesthetically pleasing printed format with great design and flexibility to be the most up to date resource in the industry.

Also at VIV Europe was a great array of new machinery on show. Many international visitors from the 22,000strong attendees made their way to the International Milling Directory's stands to make enquiries about our products. More on the event later in the issue.

As reported in my previous column, social networking continues to grow.

Many thanks to our communities on Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn, that is achieving great linkages and drawing in more digital readership.

Also, following on from the previous issue, there was great appreciation for some features closely aligned to flour milling with the Roller Milling Revolution which we ran in the last issue of the magazine.

It is leading us to trace our routes back in time to when roller milling first entered the international market and the role the UK played in its wider uptake.

With that in mind IMD is visiting the Milling Archive in Reading, England, to learn more about the role GFMT – as Milling magazine - played in this development and how we might better address the industry globally from our strong and deep routes in the UK milling industry.

We encourage listed members to check and update their own listings regularly, inform us of new products or updates to existing details. Navigate to www. internationalmilling.com or email me at tomb@ perendale.co.uk for more on how to ensure the information you want, is published.

international milling .com

The premier resource for the global milling industry ONLINE | PRINT | MOBILE

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10 | May - June 2014

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ASSOCIATIONS

FLOUR

Polish Millers Association in Warsaw Poland

Polish Millers Association in Warsaw (SMRP) is an independent, voluntary and non-political organisation that assembles the owners of private mills and other persons working in the milling industry within Poland.

SMRP was established on November 21, 1990.

This millers organisation is the only one in the whole of Poland with its statutes registered in Warsaw Voivodeship Court. The activities of SMRP are based on the membership fee.

The main goals of the SMRP are: • To represent the flour milling industry vis-à-vis the Polish Government • To liaise the millers and other persons in connection with the flour milling industry in order to develop new technology in milling industry • To improve their knowledge and exchange best practices • To promote good relationship between members of SMRP www.usarice.com

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The European Flour Milling Association Europe

National Association of Flour Distributors Inc United States, Canada, Mexico and the Carribean

The NAFD is a 95-year-old organisation made up of bakery product distributors and suppliers from throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Carribean.

It represents billions of dollars in sales and services to the industry.

Its goal is to exchange ideas and knowledge to improve companies, their products, communities and industry The mission of the NAFD is to serve the interests of its members who are engaged in the flour industry and those companies allied thereto by providing educational, professional and networking opportunities by holding meetings and conferences for the mutual improvement and education of its members.

Working to develop and encourage the practice of high ethical standards among members serving our industry; collecting and disseminating information helpful to its members.

Exchanging and compiling information with respect to all new laws and other local and legislative developments at the state and local level which affect our industry.

Actively providing opportunities for the exchange of ideas and information concerning the flour industry for study and discussion.

Each of these activities substantially contributes to the success of our members and the accomplishments of the NAFD and provides the mechanism for future activities www.thenafd.com

The European Flour Millers' association is the voice of the European flour milling industry both at European and international level.

Members are the national flour milling associations from 27 European countries. In representing over 90 percent of the milling capacity in Europe, it is able to reflect credibly and authoritatively the interests of the industry.

Mission • To guarantee the European flour milling sector right to be competitive and innovative, whilst promoting its responsibility in food safety, nutrition and health • To improve and strengthen sustainable production of European flour • To support these objectives by instigation of scientific research and lobbying, monitoring of its products and best practice dissemination amongst the members Priorities • Promoting food safety throughout the flour supply chain whilst avoiding an excessive regulatory burden • Securing competitive access to raw materials in the quality and quantity required, including the management of extreme price volatility and maintaining a sufficient level of protection against flour imports • Contribute to improving the competitiveness of the flour milling sector • Facilitate restructuring of the flour milling industry at EU level to eliminate substantial over-capacity & contribute to maintaining sufficient export activity • Defending and promoting, with the help of national associations, the sustainable, wholesome & healthy image of flour based-products www.flourmillers.eu

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nabim (National Association of British and Irish Millers) UK

UK flour millers are proud of the role they play in society, delivering efficiently produced, high quality safe food for the consumer. nabim membership encompasses virtually all the commercial flour milling businesses in the UK. Associate members, businesses such as plant breeders, grain merchants, pests control companies, engineers or packaging manufacturers linked with the industry also play an important part in the Association. nabim is governed by an Executive Committee which is designed to be representative of member companies. The President is elected at the AGM, normally for a term of two years, along with the Treasurer and Vice President. A number of other committees deal with specific areas of activity and are the main mechanism for discussion and development of policy. nabim has three principle functions: • To promote the flour milling industry's views to government, parliamentarians, regulators, the media and other interested bodies • To improve the understanding of the operational requirements of the flour milling sector • To provide information and advice to its members on a wide range of subjects affecting flour milling www.nabim.org.uk

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Australian Technical Millers Association Inc. Our Purpose is to provide a network for members of the Cereal Milling and Processing related industries to encourage professional development and technical leadership and advance the status and knowledge of the milling industry. We do this by providing a forum for networking and exchange of ideas with emphasis on training and educational opportunities.

Our Members are linked to the cereal milling and processing industries through an interest in technical milling and industry issues and often work in remote locations with limited opportunity to meet with and share experiences with fellow industry participants. Membership is based on an individuals membership as part of a professional association.

Member benefits include Increasing technical skills and knowledge through provision of training courses, meetings, seminars and plant inspections. Regular newsletter to inform members and to promote and report on industry events. Biennial Conference to foster closer cooperation between members, increase knowledge and skills and encourage best practice standards based on local and international participation.

Website access to a range of relevant publications and DVD's on technical milling, training, safety and other industry related topics.

Shared sense and pride in being part of a traditional and important industry sector that enables the link from grain grower to the consumers food supply.

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M lling

International

Directory

North American Miller’s Association USA

The North American Millers’ Association (NAMA) represents millers of wheat, corn, oats and rye in the US and Canada. Our members take the raw grain and, through grinding and crushing, create flour and other products that are used to make such favourite foods as bread, pasta, cookies, cakes and snack foods.

Associate members provide products and/or services to the milling companies.

These include milling machinery and systems, packaging materials, cargo transportation, vitamin and mineral additives, fumigants and other pesticides, financial services and seed wheat, corn and oats.

It represents the milling industry with the federal government and Congress.

One of NAMA’s primary goals is to ensure that it nation has a plentiful supply of top quality grains, produced in the most efficient, sustainable and safest way possible.

NAMA also plays a vital role in delivering nutrition to American consumers, as well as providing nutritious grain-based products to help feed those around the world.

Foods made from the flour, meal and oats milled by NAMA members are important components of a healthy diet. Complex carbohydrates in grain-based foods provide essential fuel for the body while both whole and enriched grains are good sources of key nutrients, vitamins and fiber which can help prevent disease.

“We’re proud to be the indispensable link between the raw grain and the healthy, good-for-you products that have sustained and enriched people’s lives for centuries,” says the Association. www.namamillers.org

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Role of extruders

in Halal food production

by Mian N. Riaz, Food Protein Research and Development Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. Email: mnriaz@tamu.edu

H

alal is means while permitted, or

the Arabic word that “permitted or lawful”, haram means “not forbidden”.

Foods consumed by Muslims that meet the Islamic dietary code are halal.

According to a latest estimation, there are about 1.8 billion Muslims in the world today and they comprise 25 percent of the global population of seven billion people.

Muslims are required by their faith to consume only halal products.

An estimated 70 percent of all Muslims adhere to at least some of the restrictions associated with halal foods. As a result, the halal food market has exploded in the past decade and is still growing. The global halal food market is currently valued at US$660 billion per year.

Demand on the increase everywhere

Demand for halal foods is increasing, not only in the US, Europe and Canada, but also in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, North Africa and Australia.

By meeting halal requirements, a food company will have access to over eight million Halal consumers in the USA and more than 1.8 billion consumers worldwide.

By making a halal food a company has opportunities in halal markets that are cur-

rently closed to their products. Halal is not for Muslims only, it is for entire mankind, halal means wholesome and hygienic food which is good for health.

Besides Muslims, other segments have joined the ranks of halal consumers, as these types of foods gain worldwide recognition as being safe and hygienic.

Non-Muslim consumers like them, because of their additional safety and sanitation features, making them less likely to be cross-contaminated.

Therefore, there is tremendous economic opportunity for food manufacturers to meet the needs of halal consumers.

Processing for halal

There are different food processing methods which the industry can use to produce halal food.

The method of food processing depends on the finished product and the objectives of the processing.

For some food, processing can be done simply by heating the ingredients using a toaster or oven whereas for some other foods processing may be more sophisticated and detailed.

Extrusion is one of these methods that can be used to process varieties of food. A food extruder is a device that expedites the shaping and restructuring process for food ingredients. Extrusion is a highly versatile unit

operation that can be applied to a variety of food processes. Extruders can be used to cook, form, mix, texturize and shape food products under conditions that favor quality retention, high productivity and low cost.

The use of extruders in the food industry has been expanding rapidly over the past few years.

"Extrusion technology is ideal for halal food processing in that it combines several steps in one and thus avoids opportunities for contamination with non-halal food products" During the recent years, quite a number of technologies in food processing have emerged and made an impact on the availability and variety of food products. Food extrusion is one of these latest multidimensional food processing techniques.

Great possibilities are offered in the food

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processing field by the use of extrusion technology to modify physicochemical properties of food components. The extruded food, besides its preserved and frequently even enhanced biological value, can be characterized by physicochemical properties superior to the original raw material.

"Extrusion cooking is defined as a unique tool to introduce the thermal and mechanical energy to food ingredients, forcing the basic components of the ingredients, such as starch and protein, to undergo chemical and physical changes" Extrusion cooking is defined as a unique tool to introduce the thermal and mechanical energy to food ingredients, forcing the basic components of the ingredients, such as

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starch and protein, to undergo chemical and physical changes.

Extrusion combines several unit operations including mixing, cooking, kneading, shearing, shaping and forming so it is a highly versatile unit operation that can be applied to a variety of food processes. Extrusion has for years provided the means of producing new and creative foods.

One major advantage of extrusion cooking is the capability to produce a wide range of finished products with minimum processing times and by using inexpensive raw material.

Some of the foods which are currently processed using extrusion technology are: • Co-extruded snacks and other food items • Precooked pasta • Noodles, spaghetti and macaroni • Third generation snacks • Texturized vegetable protein (soy & wheat) • Semi-moist foods • Meat analogues • Stabilization of rice bran • Multicolor food and snacks • Cereals and corn flakes • Corn and tortilla chips

An opportunity

In extrusion cooking several steps are combined in a single continuous unit which offers several advantages to food manufacturers, resulting in making it a more

economical method than traditional food processing.

Extrusion technology offers an opportunity to food industries to produce halal food which is suitable for the halal consumer.

In order to produce halal extruded food products, all the raw material needs to meet the Halal requirement.

No processing aids or other additive should be added which are from animal sources, unless they are from halal slaughtered animals.

Also there should not be any cross contamination during and after extrusion of food with non-Halal ingredients.

Halal extruded products should be kept in clean area after processing, drying and coating.

Extreme caution needs to be considered when applying flavoring and coating.

Only halal certified flavors and seasoning should be used. Storage area needs to be clean and free from insect contamination with proper label for Halal storage.

In summary extrusion technology offers several advantages to the food industries and can produce excellent halal foods for the growing halal market.

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Fortification Global leaders hoping to fight anemia with rice fortification

by Sarah Zimmerman, Communications Coordinator, Food Fortification Initiative (formerly the Flour Fortification Initiative)

I

n 1995, JavaScript was introduced as a computer programming language, DVDs were announced for media storage, Microsoft launched Windows 95 and 33 percent of non-pregnant women ages 15 to 49 years old worldwide had anemia.

Computer technology has made tremendous strides since 1995, but by 2011, the global percent of non-pregnant women with anemia had only dropped to 29 percent, as published in The Lancet Global Health in July 2013.

Global leaders in grain fortification are hoping that the technology for rice fortification will soon match the pace of computer technology development and lead to more success at preventing nutritional anemia.

“People around the world get most of their calories and carbohydrates from foods made with wheat, maize or rice. To the extent that we can fortify them, the greater health impact we will have,” said Reynaldo Martorell, Woodruff Professor of International Nutrition and Senior Advisor at the Global Health Institute at Emory University in Atlanta, GA, USA. Martorell is also a member of the Flour Fortification Initiative (FFI) Executive Management Team.

Adding minerals and vitamins during the process

The type of fortification Martorell refers to is adding vitamins and minerals during the industrial milling process so that consumers will have more nutrients in their staple foods.

Flour is commonly fortified to prevent nutritional anemia and neural tube birth defects such as spina bifida. Rice fortification presents a largely untapped opportunity.

Since beginning in 2002, FFI has focused on industrially milled wheat flour with some efforts in maize fortification. The work is expanding to include fortification of industrially milled rice because it has the potential to affect billions of people, said Scott Montgomery, FFI Director.

The highest concentrations of people with anemia, and countries with some of the highest estimates of pregnancies affected by neural tube defects, are in south Asia and West Africa. In these areas, rice is often the most commonly consumed cereal grain.

These fortified rice kernels are made with a high concentration of vitamins and minerals. They are blended with unfortified rice then packaged for consumers. Buhler Group photo.

Consequently several international groups are accelerating efforts to fortify rice.

The World Food Programme, for example, regularly includes fortified rice in its food distribution programs. The international non-profit groups PATH, the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), and the Micronutrient Initiative are also working on projects related to rice fortification.

The 2011 percentage of non-pregnant women worldwide with anemia represents 528 million women.

For comparison, that is more than eight times the total population of the United Kingdom. Anemia leads to fatigue which lowers productivity. It limits a child’s ability to learn and the child never regains that mental capacity. Anemia can even cause maternal deaths.

Three technologies

Anemia can be caused by multiple factors such as chronic infections and parasites, but a common cause is deficiency in iron and other nutrients.

In the United States, for example, adding folic acid to enriched grains has virtually eliminated anemia caused by vitamin B9 deficiency in older adults.

Fortifying with folic acid, a form of vitamin B9, has also been estimated to prevent 38,417 neural tube birth defects in one year, for an average of 105 healthier babies a day.

Three primary technologies are used to fortify rice: extrusion, coating, and dusting.

Extrusion involves making dough from rice flour and nutrients then putting the dough through an extruder to make rice-shaped kernels. This can be done at various temperatures.

Coating requires spraying rice with a mix of vitamins and minerals plus ingredients such as waxes and gums that help the nutrients adhere to the rice. The fortified kernels are then blended with unfortified rice, usually at ratios between 1:50 and 1:200.

Rice is sometimes fortified by dusting it with a powdery mix of vitamins and minerals. Dusting is not appropriate in cultures where rice is rinsed or cooked in water that is discarded as these steps will wash off the added nutrients.

Extruded or coated rice kernels are considered premix, and this must be identi-

cal to unfortified rice. In many cultures, rice preparation includes picking out kernels that do not conform in color, shape, or texture.

Consequently, for fortified rice to be effecTable 1 – Top 25 countries in rice available per capita

Country

Rice Available (grams per person per day)

Population (in thousands)

Bangladesh

475

147,030

Lao People's Democratic Republic

454

6,112

Cambodia

439

13,978

Viet Nam

387

86,901

Myanmar

386

47,601

Thailand

365

68,706

Indonesia

349

237,414

Philippines

338

91,703

Guinea

290

9,761

Madagascar

289

20,124

Sri Lanka

284

20,669

Guinea-Bissau

271

1,484

Liberia

263

3,836

Sierra Leone

253

5,739

Guyana

224

753

Korea, Republic of

223

47,964

Nepal

218

29,433

Brunei Darussalam

211

392

Korea, Democratic People's Republic

209

24,238

China

209

1,342,428

Malaysia

203

27,949

Senegal

196

12,107

Comoros

188

716

India

187

1,207,740

Suriname

186

Population total (in thousands)

520 3,455,298

Population figures from the United Nations Population Division Grain availability from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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tive, the premix needs to meet the consumers’ expectations for how rice should look, taste, and smell.

FFI recently reviewed published literature about rice fortification. Ten studies in controlled environments compared a variety of health outcomes between individuals who received fortified rice and those who received non-fortified rice.

These studies were conducted in the Philippines, Brazil, Nepal, Mexico, India, and Thailand, and typically used extrusion rice technology. Rice was fortified with nutrients including iron, folic acid, thiamin, niacin, vitamin A, and vitamin B12. Some of the health outcomes investigated included anemia, iron deficiency, body iron stores, plasma ferritin, and plasma retinol. The results included: • Four of the eight studies that investigated anemia found statistically significant declines in anemia prevalence.

• Five of the six studies that investigated iron deficiency observed statistically significant reductions in the fortified rice group.

• Two of two studies observed statistically significant improvements in body iron stores.

• Five of seven studies observed statistically significant increases in plasma ferritin.

• One of six studies observed statistically significant increases in plasma retinol.

The challenge now is making rice fortification feasible for entire populations so that more people have access to these

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health benefits. Rice fortification is most easily implemented in modern mills with a production capacity of at least 5 metric tons an hour. Rice can also be fortified in large distribution channels such as government programs.

The cost of fortification

The cost of rice fortification varies greatly based on the type of fortification technology used, whether fortified rice is produced locally or procured from another source, and the ratio of premix blended with unfortified rice.

A facility which produces rice premix may need an initial capital investment of US$0.3 million, US$0.75, or US$4 million for coating, cold extrusion or hot extrusion technology, respectively. Alternatively, rice premix can be ordered from another source then blended with unfortified rice. That option requires the on-going costs of shipping fortified rice from the premix plant to the blending facility.

On-going costs to fortify depend in part on the number of nutrients included. Rice fortification costs range from US$6 to US$20 per metric ton of rice fortified with iron, folic acid, vitamin A, thiamine, niacin, vitamin B12, and zinc. The cost range assumes the rice premix is blended with unfortified rice at a ratio of 1:100. At that ratio, the consumers' price increase is estimated to be between 2% to 5% of the current retail price.

Rice fortification is considered economically feasible if the population consumes at least 100 grams per capita per day. The 25

countries with the highest amounts of rice available for human consumption, according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, have a combined population of 3.4 billion (See Table 1). Yet of these, only the Philippines has mandatory rice fortification. Other countries with legislation to require rice fortification are Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, and Papua New Guinea.

Like any new intervention, rice fortification faces multiple challenges before it reaches large-scale implementation. The potential health impact justifies continuing efforts to make rice fortification feasible.

More

information

FFI Website: http://www.ffinetwork.org/ about/faq/faq_rice_industry.html

About the author:

Sarah Zimmerman is the Communications Coordinator for the Flour Fortification Initiative (FFI) which offers advocacy and technical support to countries as they plan, implement, and monitor grain fortification programs. With a bachelor’s degree in journalism, Sarah wrote stories for daily newspapers and marketing pieces for private-sector organizations before joining FFI in 2008.

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Fortification Flour fortification with vital vitamins and minerals Micronutrient deficiencies & the consequences

by Martina Mollenhauer and Lena Kampehl, Mühlenchemie GmbH & Co. KG, Germany

C

hronic malnutrition endangers millions of lives throughout the world. A lack of essential vitamins and minerals causes health conditions typically manifesting as impaired energy, stunted growth, damage to the nervous system and heightened susceptibility to infection.

Vitamins, minerals and trace elements serve to maintain important bodily functions and act as biocatalysts in almost all of the body’s metabolic processes.

Vitamins are involved in breaking down and converting carbohydrates, protein, fat and minerals. Minerals control the transmittal of nerve impulses and muscle activity. But although vitamins, minerals and trace elements are so important, the body is unable to synthesize and store them in sufficient quantities. People must therefore rely on their daily food to supply these essential micronutrients.

Since wheat, maize and rice flour are staple foods almost everywhere in the world, an ideal way to prevent malnutrition is to fortify flours with micronutrients.

Baked goods and pasta products are firmly anchored in the traditional diet of almost every country.

The success of flour fortification

Contrasted with the great benefit to a nation’s health and economy that can be gained by tackling the issue of malnutrition, flour fortification is a low-cost remedy.

According to Emory, Rollins School of Public Health, it costs US$0.50 per person and year to fortify flour. Depending on the type of fortification and the volumes required, the costs can be reduced to US$0.10.

Since modern mills are generally well equipped for flour fortification, the only costs incurred in the further course of the fortification process are for the purchase of premixes at a price of a few US dollars per tonne of flour.

One success, documented by the Food Fortification Initiative (FFI), shows that fortified wheat flour has led to a reduction in the number of newborns with neural tube defects. (see Figure 1).

Increasing numbers of countries therefore mandate flour fortification.

Depending on local eating habits, the fortification of wheat, maize or rice flour is decreed. The FFI reports in May 2014 that

79 countries require flour to be fortified with at least iron and/ or folic acid.

Tailored to countries and customers ELCOvit premixes

The requirements are as varied as the countries and cultures. The mix of additives must be adjusted to meet the exact needs of the country.

The first step is to identify what nutrient deficiencies exist, how widespread they are, how high the per capita consumption of bakery products and pasta is, and how finely or coarsely ground the flour will be when the premix is added.

Whereas, for example, minerals make up 1.7 percent of whole wheat, this share falls to 0.5 percent in fine white flour. Figures can be extrapolated to the various grinding degrees. Depending on how finely the flour is ground, greater or smaller quantities of nutrients are lost.

For decades Mühlenchemie has cooperated closely with mills and knows about their particular circumstances on site.

ELCOvit premixes are customised mixes of micronutrients, chosen to meet the exact requirements of the specific country.

The combination of micronutrients reflects regional deficits, eating habits and the availability of food. The bioavailability of the micronutrients is also taken into consideration, to ensure that the fortified flour has the desired effect.

Selecting the raw materials for the perfect premix

Apart from cooperating with the mill, Mühlenchemie has the advantage of access to the group’s trials laboratory, where the analysis parameters as well as substances’ use in the finished product can be tested.

The selection of raw materials is of prime importance in order to create premixes that can be easily and reliably dosed in a range of climatic conditions.

At the Stern-Wywiol Gruppe Technology Centre a variety of raw materials are tested for suitability and stability.

Sieve or particle size analysis is a basic test procedure. It is an important quality criterion in selecting the raw materials because only the correct distribution of particle sizes will pre-

Figure 1: Success of fortification vent the additive and the flour from demixing.

Because many vitamins and minerals are sensitive to UV light, oxygen, heat or humidity, the raw materials are tested for stability and flowability, in order to select the best ingredients.

Vitamin A, for example, is very easily oxidised and is therefore used in the stable form ELCOvit A 250.

This form of vitamin A was developed in cooperation with BASF using their beadlet technology; it is dried in an especially gentle process and stabilised with an effective antioxidation system. The special granulation which makes it suitable for the milling industry was developed in cooperation with Mühlenchemie. Compared with other products, it is far less likely to form lumps.

Testing the finished products

Apart from selecting the raw materials, it is necessary to investigate how the premixes behave in flour and the finished products.

Are there any undesirable colour changes, by-products, discernible tastes or such like?

Mühlenchemie has a wide range of technical resources which can be used to test these matters.

In the trial bakery, for example, tests reveal whether an iron preparation leads to black specks on the bread’s crust.

The impact of colouring vitamins on pasta can be examined in the pilot plant where pasta can be produced using industrial methods. Does riboflavin turn the water in which noodles are boiled yellow, or does it colour rice?

These and many other issues can be examined and the results used to produce the optimum premixes.

Apart from standard premixes that match

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Figure 2: Legislation on fortification of wheat flour

statutory requirements, customers may choose from special mixes which can be integrated into existing grinding and blending processes.

Precision feeder EMCEtec GLD 87 - Easy to use, sturdy dosing devices are part of the full service package of skilled support that Mühlenchemie offers mills to assist the process of achieving reliable flour fortification. The precision feeder can be integrated into any existing grinding or flour processing system.

Quick test for iron, zinc and vitamin A Portable quick tests complete the range of methods to ensure that flour fortification schemes are efficient and sustainable.

Here Mühlenchemie cooperates with the

Figure 3: Comparison of vitamin A powders in respect of their tendency to form lumps after storage for one hour at 35°C and 80 percent relative humidity. Left: competing product; right: ELCOvit A 250

established manufacturer BioAnalyt, which develops innovative measuring instruments for the rapid quality analysis of vitamins, minerals and trace elements.

The iCheckTM test kits are easy to use and reliably show the iron, zinc and vitamin A content of a substance within a few minutes.

Dedicated partner with know-how

Close cooperation between Mühlenchemie, the Food Fortification Initiative, Hellen Keller, the Spina Bifida Society and other organisations ensures that training and workshops are available to the

employees of mills or state organisations throughout the world.

Part of the mission is to impart knowledge of the options for flour fortification and why it is necessary, besides teaching the correct handling and storage of ELCOvit premixes and, obviously, how to use the test kits for analysis.

Applications engineers visit the local millers to offer all the advice and support they want when putting their flour fortification programmes in place.

More

information:

Website: www.muehlenchemie.de

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GM soybeans – The on-farm facts

by Laura Foell, Farmer Director of the United Soybean Board, USA

O

ur farm is in the western part of the state of Iowa in the mid-west of the United States of America. It was first farmed in 1880 when my husband’s great grandfather bought the land and started farming it.

Today, my husband Bill and I are the only workers on the farm and are responsible for all of the farm’s operations. We grow soybeans, maize and asparagus on nearly 400 hectares.

For more than 40 years our farm has been managed using conservation practices such as buffer strips, managed grassland and contours. We look after our land. It is our livelihood. So we use the best practices and the best tools available. And biotechnology is one of those tools.

Agricultural biotechnology is probably one of the most controversial technologies introduced to modern farming. Since 1996, when the first genetically modified crops were grown, there has been a constant barrage of opposition to the use of the technology. This opposition at times based on myths and misunderstanding, often ignores what is happening at farm level where the benefits of biotech crops – agronomic, economic and environmental - are enjoyed by farmers across the world.

When it comes to biotech, farmers look on it as yet another tool. And their approach to adoption is similar to any other tool. If it works they will use it. If it doesn’t work they won’t use it.

The results on adoption of the technology on the farm speak volumes. Earlier this year, the annual report from the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA) reported that last year 18 million farmers across 27 countries grew biotech crops on more than 175 million hectares. Many of these farmers raise their crops on small farms, such as the seven million farmers in India who grew biotech cotton.

The ISAAA report showed that from 1996 to 2012, biotech crops contributed to food security and sustainability by: “increasing crop production - valued at US$116.9 billion; providing a better environment, by saving 497 million kg of pesticides; reducing CO2 emissions by 26.7 billion kg in 2012 alone – the equivalent to taking 11.8 million cars off the road for one year and conserving biodiversity by saving 123 million hectares of land”.

Most adopted biotech crop

Biotech soybeans are one of the most adopted crops with nearly 50 percent off

all biotech crops grown in 2013. In the US, soybeans are grown across 29 states with more than half of total production being exported. In 2013, some 93 percent of total soy production of 82 million tonnes was biotech compared with just two percent in 1996 when biotech soybeans were first available.

We first grew herbicide tolerant soybeans on our farm in 1996 on a very small scale to see if the technology worked. It did.

And we have been using it successfully ever since.

In fact, since 1996 the technology has boosted US farm incomes by US$16.7 billion with an average cost saving per hectare of US$45. Additionally, there has been a decrease in herbicide active ingredients of 27.6 million kgs resulting in a decrease in environmental impact of 22.2 percent..

However, it’s not just US farmers who enjoy these benefits. I have been able to visit farms in Argentina and Brazil and farmers there have the same experience as us - which helps to explain why adoption of biotech soy is at 99 percent and 90 percent respectively in both countries.

Like other crop farmers the world over, weeds are a fact of life on our farm. Having a technology that helps control weeds without harming the crop or the soil is one of the main reasons behind the high adoption rate of herbicide tolerant soybeans. These soybeans are genetically modified to be resistant to the complementary weed killer, for example glyphosate or glufosinate.

Aside from weed control, one of the main advantages using herbicide tolerant soybeans for farmers such as my husband and me is being able to use no-till or conservation tillage. This means we do not have to deep plow our land - a necessary part of conventional tillage to control weeds by basically turning the soil over and burying the weeds. This system is labor-intensive because after plowing, the soil needs further mechanical tillage requiring more field trips which also means more diesel fuel. Tillage also leads to soil erosion as the soil is broken down into particles which can be blown or washed away. Further, with conventional production the crop needs to be sprayed, often multiple times, with a number of different chemicals, to control weeds.

With no-till or conservation tillage, no deep plowing is necessary. Instead, we can use a burn-down herbicide application directly over the previous year’s crop residue to kill off any weeds. Soybean seeds are then sown directly into the ground through the old crop residue without disturbing other

areas in the field. This crop residue will eventually break down into organic matter thus aiding soil health.

10 top facts

The top ten facts behind adoption of biotech soy production: 1. Reduces time and labor: No-till and conservation tillage means fewer hours on a tractor and fewer labour hours to pay. For example, on our 400 hectare farm the time savings can be as much as 500 hours a year 2. Saves fuel: On our farm we have cut our diesel fuel use from 80 liters a hectare to 32 liters 3. Reduces machinery requirements: Fewer trips save an estimated US$12 a hectare on machinery wear and maintenance costs. We also don’t need heavy cultivation equipment meaning capital cost savings. For example, our ‘youngest’ tractor is 25 years old 4. Improves soil condition: A continuous no-till on conservation till system increases soil particle aggregation (small soil clumps) making it easier for plants to establish roots. Improved soil tilth also can minimize compaction.

Compaction is also reduced by fewer trips across the field 5. Increases organic matter: The breakdown of the previous year’s crop residue means increased organic matter in the soil. As a result we are continually building top soil. On our farm the soil’s organic matter has increased over the years we have been using biotech. Plus the land’s water holding capacity is improved because the earthworm population has not been disturbed through tillage which means there are more earthworms and earthworm tunnels.

These tunnels allow rain water to flow into the soil instead of washing off the land 6. Traps soil moisture to improve water availability: Keeping crop residue on the surface traps moisture in the soil by providing shade which helps to reduce water evaporation 7. Reduces soil erosion: Crop residues on the soil surface reduce erosion by water and wind. Depending on the amount of residues present, soil erosion can be reduced by up to 90 percent compared to an unprotected, intensively tilled field 8. Improves water quality: Crop residue

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to reduce herbicide runoff into surface water by more than 50 percent 9. Increases wildlife: Crop residues provide shelter and food for wildlife, such as game birds and small animals 10. Improves air quality: Crop residue left on the surface improves air quality because it: reduces soil erosion, thus reducing the amount of dust in the air; reduces fossil fuel emissions from tractors by making fewer trips across the field; and reduces the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by tying up more carbon in organic matter

Magic bullet

Despite these benefits, biotech is not the ‘magic bullet’ for sustainable agriculture.

The most important thing is that farmers develop a farming regime that is perfectly adapted to the conditions on their farm. Our stewardship programs use sustainable techniques such as crop rotation and precision farming, and to use fertilizers and herbicides as little and in as localized a manner as possible.

While the technology has brought tremendous benefits to farmers across the world, it is not a panacea and there are several issues about which we as farmers have concerns.

First, glyphosate-resistant weeds have occurred in some regions in the US This is not a result of biotech as such as weed resistance will eventually occur with most chemicals, but mainly because of the repeated use of glyphosate. This over-reliance can be combated by

the use of broadleaf herbicide tank mixes and development of new biotech varieties resistant to other herbicide chemistries.

Another concern is that the success of biotech has resulted in a reduction in the development of non-biotech varieties by seed companies. Non-biotech seeds are still available but future development of new non-biotech varieties will be increasingly under pressure.

Finally, the delay in approvals of biotech events in regions such as the EU has caused trade disruption.

As an ever increasing number of biotech crops are developed there is increasing pressure on regulatory authorities to approve these traits for commercialization.

Anti-biotech sentiment in regions such as the European Union has resulted in a politicization of the approval process with factors other than science becoming the de facto arbiter of commercialization.

These delays in approvals mean that it is taking the EU much longer than other regions, such as the Americas, to approve biotech crops. This in turn impacts trade as any unapproved biotech crops cannot enter the EU and on several occasions when this has happened, it led to higher production costs for EU livestock and poultry producers.

Further, the wide scale adoption of biotech soy in the main exporting countries means that non-biotech soy is both hard to find and expensive with such crops often costing double the commodity crop.

Until now, biotech soybeans have had agronomic traits which benefited the farmer. For

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consumers, who might wonder what biotech crops will do for them, the second generation of biotech soy varieties are now being produced which have added value traits for specialty oils with increase stability, or soybeans with higher protein levels, or higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids that can help protect people from heart disease or provide better food processing qualities such as a high oleic soybean oil.

Given the confusion and concern among many consumers about biotechnology I take part in a number of consumer education programs. Consumers need to know that responsible food production and the cultivation of biotech crops is no contradiction. Growing biotech crops has actually made us more aware of conservation and sustainable farming.

Bill and I are little different to farmers the world over, large and small, in our approach to farming.

Basically, we all look after our land and the environment in which we live and work.

To do this we will use those farming practices, tools and technologies that are safe, efficient and beneficial for our farms, our families and the generations to come.

Biotech soy is one of those tools which benefit not only us as farmers but also the wider society which enjoys the considerable environmental and socio-economic advantages of sustainable production without additional cost.

ISAAA: Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/ GM Crops 2013 Brookes G and Barfoot P (2014) Economic impact of GM crops: the global income and production effects 1996-2012

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Botanical Warfare

The natural alternative to prevent Coccidiosis and Necrotic Enteritis

by Meriden Animal Health

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ince the European Union’s (EU) ban on the use of Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in animal feed in 2006, the need to find novel strategies to maintain and improve poultry gut health has become ever-important.

This is because over the years, use of AGPs has managed to control a range of pathogens that can cause poultry intestinal disease.

These diseases, which include Coccidiosis and Necrotic Enteritis (NE), can significantly affect the health and performance of birds and result in severe economic losses in the industry.

Since the ban on AGPs in feed, these diseases have become increasingly commonplace.

Components contained in essential oils such as Carvacrol and Thymol found in Oregano oil offer an alternative and natural solution in the war against poultry gut health diseases.

Cell invaders

only reduced mortality but also lessened morbidity of the disease in poultry.

Since the 1950s, various types of anticoccidials have been produced from different drugs and chemicals. Some of the older chemicals such as amprolium and nicarbazine are still being used today. Most are no longer in use or allowed in various countries, due to proven toxicological findings or a lack of efficacy due to the development of resistance by the coccidia.

In the 1970s a new class of antibiotics was discovered. These were named the ionophores and eventually replaced the earlier chemical compounds. Ionophores are unique, because they permit a small amount of coccidian to survive and complete their life cycle within the intestines of the bird, enabling the bird to develop a certain level of immunity. This allows a greater degree of protection against the parasite and is a very efficient method of control.

However, these more recent developments were still not able to address the issue of resistance and soon enough, most species of coccidian had developed resistance to all the ionophores available in the industry.

Conversely treatment of NE has a much shorter history as even as recently as 1997 it did not merit special attention in an international poultry disease directory (van der Sluis, 1997). It was at the beginning of the 21st Century it emerged as a worldwide problem.

A survey in 2001 indicated that 31 percent of broiler flocks in the UK suffered from NE (Hermans and Morgan, 2003). The reason for

Coccidiosis is caused by a protozoan parasite known as Eimeria that invades the cells of the poultry intestine. Several species of coccidia are known to affect poultry and they include Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina, E. necatrix, E. maxima and E. brunette. Each species is known to cause a separate disease, exhibiting a characteristic degree of pathogenicity. Coccidia also have a genetically-fixed self-limiting lifecycle, thus the severity of each coccidiosis is positively correlated with the number of infected oocysts ingested.

Coccidia oocysts are practically ubiquitous in the poultry environment and even new houses where poultry have not been kept previously will quickly become contaminated (Reid, 1989; Williams 2005).

Necrotic Enteritis (NE), on the other hand, is associated with the gram positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacteria Clostridium perfringens. This bacterium is also common to the poultry environment and forms part of the normal gut microbiota in poultry and other species. There are five major strains of C. perfringens labelled A to E and classified on the basis of the toxins the organism produces. Type A is the strain that Figure 1: The effect of oregano oil on sporozoite-infected enterocytes within the is most commonly found in the gastrointeslumen (Do you have a version of this without reference to Orego-stim or it is easy tinal tract and associated with NE manifestato change to just oregano oil based product or something?) tion. Furthermore, NE is often associated with prior infection of coccidiosis.

Both diseases can manifest themselves in two forms: acute clinical this is because NE in poultry has long been controlled incidentally by characterised by sudden increase in flock mortality with no prior some in-feed AGP’s including virginiamycin and bacitracin (Johansson warning symptoms or the sub-clinical form which is milder but usually et al., 2004). Some in-feed ionophorous anticoccidial drugs also possess activity against Gram positive bacteria such as Clostridium does not have any peak mortality.

With the subclinical form, production losses ensue due to perfringens (Watkins et al 1997). Withdrawals and reductions in the decreased digestion and absorption, reduced growth rate and use of in-feed AGPs have contributed to the growing incidence of increased FCR resulting from intestinal damage. It is for this reason this disease. the sub-clinical form is considered to result in the greatest economic losses and therefore more important as it can persist in broiler flocks The battle against coccidiosis and NE undetected with birds and remain untreated for a long period of time An outbreak of coccidiosis and/or NE in a poultry flock has a very (Dahiya et al 2006). negative economic impact for the poultry producer. There is an immediate and considerable drop in production figures as well as the recovery and re-establishment period after treatment being History of disease treatment First attempts at treating coccidiosis date back to an outbreak in slow. Some flocks never fully recover or regain their full production poultry 70 years ago, using sulphonamides. Through further experi- potential.

NE carries further risk as the causative agent, Clostridium permentation, poultry producers in the United States found in the late 1940s that the most economic method of treating the disease was fringens, poses a significant threat to public health too. Hence, it is a via continuous usage of sulphaquinoxalines in the feed. This not well-recognised fact that treatment alone cannot prevent the eco-

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nomic losses. It is well-established within the poultry sector that the only choice is therefore prevention of the disease. However, an effective and sustainable prevention and control programme against the disease is not easy.

Coccidiosis is particularly difficult to combat because several different species of Eimeria exist in the field. Poultry may become infected with different species because the immunity that develops after infection is specific only to one species. Eimeria has a very complex life cycle that involves many developmental stages within the host cells. Each Eimeria type is able to infect only one host species and they each attack different segments of the intestine in their host.

The disease carries losses for the producer in the form of mortalities, reduced market value of the affected birds and sometimes culling or delayed slaughter time. Another predisposing factor is the confined host-rearing conditions, which lead to an increase in the numbers of oocysts, which are ingested by poultry via the litter. These lead to destruction of the integrity of the intestinal mucosae and interfere with nutrient absorption, ultimately causing diarrhoea, which in turn causes high medication costs. Ultimately, all these setbacks lead to huge losses for the producer.

Another factor is the increasing incidence of drug resistance to field strains of coccidia. The conventional methods to control the disease include using certain coccidiostats or coccidiocidal drugs.

Producers are adding a number of anticoccidial drugs to commercial feed to control the recurring coccidial challenge. In the case of salinomycin, it is known that at approximately day 28 of the broiler production period, performance declines in birds receiving the anticoccidial due to the presence of subclinical coccidiosis. Under normal management conditions, this is a typical occurrence when this ionophore is used.

To prevent widespread resistance to the narrow range of anticoccidial drugs available in the field, nutritionists and veterinarians have resorted to devising and implementing many different forms of complex anticoccidial shuttle and rotational programmes in an attempt to achieve optimal efficacy with minimal side effects.

However, the design, implementation and monitoring of such programmes has become extremely complicated and fraught with obstacles and risks. For example, poultry flocks cannot be treated with nicarbazine during early autumn or spring because sudden heat waves can result in high mortality, even in young birds.

Albeit still valuable to the industry, ionophores also have its own share of dangers. Detectable residual levels of coccidiostats have been found in commercial broiler meat and table eggs.

A relatively common problem that poses devastating consequences is the accidental feeding of diets containing coccidiostats to non-target animals. For instance, turkeys fed rations containing salinomycin may encounter an increase in mortality, whereas broiler breeders fed rations containing nicarbazine may be affected by a drop in egg production and infertility.

Last but not least, producers need to consider the extra time and money spent by the feed mill for flushing systems of coccidiostat residues, the planning and mixing of various different batches of medicated feed and attempts to avoid cross contamination of drug-free withdrawal feed. Residual effects, if ever found in the poultry meat or eggs, may pose a serious problem for producers who wish to export their produce to countries where legislation requires drug and residue-free chicken meat and eggs and where demands for such healthy produce are on the rise.

Not only does subclinical infection NE impact on bird performance but intestinal damage also allows the bacteria to reach the bile duct and portal blood stream. When this occurs the liver can be colonised by high numbers of C. perfringens resulting in cholangiohepatitis. Often liver lesions are found during meat inspection at slaughter without any sign of clinical disease in the flock, resulting in a large number of condemnations.

Prevention and management of NE is further compounded by the multifactorial nature of the disease. A number of predisposing factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease including nutrition, stress and coccidiosis.

These factors contribute to creating an intestinal environment that favours growth of C. perfringens. Diets with high levels of

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indigestible, water-soluble NSP such as wheat and barley are risk factors as well as high dietary concentrations of animal protein.

Anything that results in high concentrations of protein in the gastrointestinal tract is a predisposing factor as the protein acts a substrate for the bacteria (Timbermont et al 2011). Any factor that causes stress in the chicken, alters the intestinal environment and could also induce NE. This could include changes in diets such as moving from starter to grower diets and/or stocking density (McDevitt et al 2006).

However, it is coccidosis that is the most important predisposing factor. Coccidiosis outbreaks often precede outbreaks of NE in the field. It has also been shown that Eimeria oocysts or an overdose of commercial coccidiosis vaccines containing attenuated Eimeria strains, act synergistically with C. perfringens (Park et al 2008).

Eimeria parasites kill epithelial cells when they colonize the small intestine. This allows plasma proteins to leak into the gut lumen thereby creating a substrate for C. perfringens (Van Immerseel et al 2004). In addition to this, C. perfringens is able to utilize mucus as a substrate and intestinal mucogenesis is increased in an immune response to coccidial infection (Collier et al 2008).

Coccidial Vaccinations: A Boon or a Bane?

Vaccination is an obvious alternative system to control coccidiosis.

Currently, a number of coccidial vaccines have been developed and used commercially. Most coccidial vaccines include a low dose of the live parasite as a key ingredient to stimulate protective immunity. These have been used in millions of chickens.

However, the parasite can still cause disease in vaccinated chickens if their immune systems are already compromised, damaged or suppressed by other infectious agents.

In the field, once birds have been exposed to coccidia, they develop immunity after approximately three cycles of oocyst production. Although live or attenuated parasites have been widely used as a commercial vaccine, antigenic variability between the Eimeria species present in the vaccine and those in the field, restricts the effectiveness of commercial vaccines.

There is also a price to be paid for protection against a potential threat. This could be in the form of the high cost of vaccines, time spent administering the vaccines, losses due to vaccine reactions in live vaccines and localized tissue damage in killed vaccines.

The disadvantages associated with the live vaccines are problems with uniform vaccine application, excessive vaccine reactions, unwanted spread of the vaccinal viruses, extreme handling requirements needed to maintain viability of the vaccinal organisms and last but not least, the emergence of necrotic enteritis. The relationship between coccidioses and NE is still poorly understood and is therefore a major factor limiting use of anticoccidial vaccine in broilers (Williams 2003).

Furthermore, the risk of vaccination failure cannot be totally eliminated . A vaccination failure occurs when, following vaccine administration, the chickens do not develop adequate protection and are susceptible to a field disease outbreak. There are several factors, including high levels of maternal antibodies, environmental extremes, inadequate nutrition, parasitism and other concurrent diseases that can also contribute towards vaccine failure.

Improper handling or administration of the vaccine should also be considered.

A new natural weapon: Botanical Warfare!

Essential oils from plants have been used by humans for centuries for medical purposes so it is no surprise that with the ban on AGP’s in the EU, there has been growing attention to their potential as feed additives. Compared with synthetic antibiotics or inorganic chemicals they are considered natural, less toxic and residue-free (Hashemi et al 2008) and also offer a cost-effective solution. Oregano oil in particular has been identified as a natural alternative in the prevention of coccidosis and NE. Oregano oil contains phenolic components called carvacrol and thymol. These help to reduce mortality caused by gastrointestinal diseases by preventing the occurrences of gastrointestinal

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efficiency with carvacrol and thymol. Essential oils stimulate digestive secretions; bile, mucus and enzyme activity were also reportedly enhanced (Platel and Srinivasan 2004). Carvacrol and thymol also have significant antioxidant properties (Cuppet and Hall, 1998).

Taking all of this into account, botanical warfare through the use of essential oils such as oregano oil, offers a viable alternative for the natural prevention of coccidiosis and NE, as well as supporting poultry gut health. However it is important to note that in the literature, some discrepancies exist in the efficacies of essential oils. This is because they can vary in composition and quality according to the processing they have been subjected to, therefore it is important to use a product which contains high specification oregano oil, with the right balance of carvacrol and thymol with proven efficacy.

Figure 2: Oregano oil based product weight gain (Bar) & Feed conversion (Line) 11-19 days pathogen invasion. Aside from offering a solution to coccidiosis and NE, extensive research has demonstrated oregano oil can provide additional performance benefits. Furthermore there is no evidence of any bacterial or coccidian resistance from oregano oil. This is because of the primitive and straightforward mode of action. No withdrawal period is required either so, oregano oil can be used safely right up until the slaughter period.

In humans and animals, the upper layer of enterocytes is constantly shed and replenished every 4 to 7 days. Oregano oil speeds up this natural renewal process creating an environment that is hostile to the coccidial lifecycle. The sporozoite-infected cells are thus shed before the next developmental stage thereby disrupting the life cycle and preventing coccidiosis.

This rapid shedding of the intestinal cells also prevents thickening of the intestines caused by E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria that may be potential secondary invaders. The accelerated rate of epithelial cell turnover results in lesser contamination of the emerging enterocytes and improved absorption capacity for nutrients.

Further to this, a number of recent studies have reported that essential oils can have a direct effect on the eimeria oocysts. Remmal et al (2013) tested the in vitro efficacy of eight EO components at killing oocysts and carvacrol, the main constituent in oregano oil, was found to have the greatest efficacy of those tested. Thymol also ranked highly compared to the other components tested.

In a trial conducted in the USA by Colardo Quality Research Incorporated, an oregano oil-based product was fed to chicks that had been challenged with coccidiosis oocysts in order to evaluate the ability of the product to protect against a coccidiosis challenge, in comparison to a commonly used ionophore coccidiostat, which was salinomycin. The results indicate that the Oregano-based product gave effective protection against the coccidiosis challenge. The level of protection achieved by the oregano product group was similar to the protection provided by salinomycin at 55gr/tonne.

In the same experiment, performance of chicks fed Orego-Stim in the presence of a necrotic enteritis challenge was also evaluated.

Oregano oil was compared with Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (BMD) in this part of the experiment. Results showed that the oregano product gave effective protection against the necrotic enteritis challenge model. The level of protection achieved by the Oregano product was similar to protection provided by BMD at 27.5gr/tonne.

Carvacrol and thymol have both been demonstrated to have anti-microbial activity against C. perfringens as well as other pathogens including salmonella and e. coli. In vivo studies in broilers have further demonstrated the antimicrobial efficacy of oregano oil against C. perfringens and hence protection against NE (Jamroz et al 2003; Mitsch et al 2004). The mechanism of antimicrobial control is poorly understood but it is believed to be related to the potential of the hydrophobic essential oils to intrude into the bacteria cell, disintegrate membrane structures and cause ion leakage.

Clearly this antimicrobial effect will have beneficial effects on the gut microbiota and health in general, thereby improving performance. The reduction in immune response has further benefits for performance. However positive effects on nutrient digestibility have also been reported. Halle et al 2004 have reported improved feed

References Collier, c.T., Hofacre, C.L., Payne, A.M., Anderson, D.B., Kasier, P., Mackie, R.I. and Gaskins, H.R. (2008). Coccidia-induced mucogenesis promotes the onset of necrotic enteritis in chickens. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 122, 104-115.

Cuppet, S.L. and Hall, C.A. (1998). Antioxidant activity of Labiatae. Advances in Food Nutrition Reseach 42, 245-271.

Dahiya, J.P., Wilkie, D.C., Van Kessel, A.G. and Drew, M.D. (2006). Potential strategies for controlling necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens in post-antibiotic era. Animal Feed Science and Technology 129, 1-2, 60-88.

Hashemi, S.R., Zulkifli, I., Hair-Bejo, M., Farida, A. and Somchit, M.N. (2008). Acute toxicity study and phytochemical screening of selected herbal aqueous extract in broiler chickens. International Journal of Pharmacology 4, 352-360.

Hermans, P.G. and Morgan, K.L. (2003). The epidemiology of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Research in Veterinary Science 74, supplement A, 19.

Jamroz, D., Orda, J., Kamel, C., Wiliczkiewicz, A., Wertelecki, T and Skorupinska, J. (2003). The influence of phytogenetic extracts on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and gut microbial status in broiler chickers.

Journal of Animal Feed Science 12, 583-596.

Johansson, A., Greko, C., EngstrĂśm, B.E. and Karlsson, M. (2004). Antimicrobial susceptibility of Swedish, Norwegian and Danish isolates of Clostridium perfringens from poultry and distribution of tetracycline resistant genes.

Veterinary Microbiology, 99, 251-257.

McDevitt, R.M., Brooker, J.D., Acamovic, T. and Sparks, N.H.C. (2006) Necrotic enteritis: a continuing challenge for the poultry industry. World’s Poultry Science Journal 62, 221-247.

Mitsch, P., Zitterl-Eglseer, K., Kohler, B., Gabler, C., Losa, R. and Zimpernik, I. (2004). The effect of two different blends of essential oil components on the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens in the intestines of broiler chickens.

Poultry Science 83, 669-675.

Park, S.S., Lillehoj, h.S., Allen, P.C., Park, D.W., FitzCoy, S., Baurista, D.A. and Lillehoj, E.P. (2008). Immunopathology and cytokine responses in broiler chickens coinfected with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens with the use of an animal model of necrotic enteritis. Avian Diseases 52, 34-39.

Platel, K. and Srinivasan, K. (2004). Digestive stimulant action of spices: A myth or reality? Indian Journal of Medical Research 119, 167-179.

Reid, W.M. (1989). Recommending sanitary practices for coccidiosis control. In P. YvorĂŠ (Ed.), Coccidia and Intestinal Coccidiomorphs (pp 371-376). Paris: INRA. Williams, R.B. (2003). Coccidial and clostridial interactions in broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis. World Poultry, Special Supplement Coccidiosis,4, 26-28.

Remmal, A., Achahbar, S., Bouddine, L., Chami, F. and Chami, N. (2013).

Oocysticidal effect of essential oil components against chicken eimeria oocysts.

International Journal of Veterinary Medicine Article ID 599816, 8 pages DOI: 10.5171/2013.599816 Timbermont, L., Haesebrouck, F., Ducatelle, R., Van Immerseel, F. (2011). Necrotic enteritis in broilers: an updated review on the pathogenesis. Avian Pathology 40, 4, 341-347.

Watkins, k.L., Shryock, T.R., Dearth, R.N. and Saif, Y.M. (1997). In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens from commercial turkey and broiler chicken origin. Veterinary Microbiology, 54, 195-200.

Williams, R.B. (2005). Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity. Avian Pathology 34, 3, 159-180.

Van der Sluis, W. (1997). Poultry diseases around the world. World Poultry, 13, 7, 32-44.

Van Immerseel, F., De buck, J., Pasmans, F., Huyghebaert, G., Haesebrouck, F. and Ducatelle, R. (2004). Clostridium perfringens in poultry: an emerging threat of animal and public health. Avian Pathology33, 537-549.

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Milling Industry’s Largest Gathering in the Middle East & Africa The 25th Annual IAOM MEA District Conference & Expo will be held at the Cape Town International Convention Centre (CTICC), Halls 4A & 4B on 3-6 December 2014.

Conference and Expo Highlights • Largest gathering of flour & feed milling industry machine suppliers, grain millers and commodity traders from the Middle East, Africa and all over the world • Captivating and vibrant keynote speakers for Management, Technical and Trading sessions • Extensive networking opportunities

Top Notch Keynote Speakers • World renowned keynote speakers include Dr. Beau Lotto, Neuroscientist & Founder Lottolab (UK) and Daniel Basse, President & founder, AgResource Co. (USA) • Evening Functions in Cape Town’s most elite venues • English and Arabic simultaneous translation available • Full access to conference presentations and expo

Management Keynote Speaker Dr. Beau Lotto

Neuroscientist & Founder, Lottolab (UK)

Trading Moderator & Keynote Speaker Daniel Basse

Mike Krueger

Founder & President, The Money Farm (USA)

President & Founder, AgResource Co. (USA)

REGISTER NOW

Organized by:

Mideast & Africa District

www.iaom-mea.com/IAOM-SOUTHAFRICA2014/ Email: info@iaom-mea.com or call 0096824711755

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IAOM

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118th Annual Conference & Expo

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rain milling professionals consistently find that the IAOM conference experience affords them an opportunity to enhance and advance their careers through comprehensive education programs, to connect with their industry peers at exciting networking events, and to develop relationships with vendors who offer the products and services they need to efficiently do their job.

The IAOM Annual Conference & Expo is the premier educational event for grain milling and seed processing professionals. The annual event gathers milling and allied trade professionals from around the world for three days of education, networking and fellowship.

Educational and technical programs presented at the conference assist millers in improving yields, productivity, customer satisfaction and safety. The programs are presented by seasoned professionals in the field who have experienced the issues affecting millers first-hand.

In addition, the annual conference also includes the world’s largest Expo for milling professionals, typically featuring over 100 companies displaying milling and processing equipment and related services.

Having spent five thrilling and educational days last October in Souse, Tunisia, for the regional conference for IAOM Africa & Middle East, it was an honour to have been invited to the 118th Annual IAOM Conference and Expo in Omaha, Nebraska, US. Whilst in Tunisia I had interviewed Melinda Farris for GFMT magazine, talking about her ninth year at IAOM and seventh year as Executive Vice President. Melinda pointed out the challenges ahead.

Challenges for IAOM

With 16 different regions, there was talk of restructure. Having visited some of the regional events, which were becoming very successful in their own right, it would appear that some millers and suppliers focus more on the regional meetings than the larger annual conference and expo.

So six months on, I find myself in Omaha at the Hilton, at the top of the escalators registering for the 118th annual International Association of Operative Millers (IAOM) conference and expo.

Check in and registration is smooth and efficient, I have my badge and deck of perforated tickets allowing me entrance to and participation in, the many well thought out and planed receptions, dinners, meetings and conferences.

As the exhibition was erected, it was clear from Melinda what the focus was for this year’s IAOM Annual Conference and Expo.

Or course with such a well-structured organisation with committed committees, there are of course many foci, however what stood out for me was the need to entice new blood into the milling industry.

Course at all levels

The courses offered by IAOM are available at all levels, Melinda talked about the need for more qualified milling and science graduates, the need for more qualified head and shift managers, the need to recognise professional millers who want to pursue a long term career path and of course the biggest of them all, and the need to attract a new generation of millers.

With these challenges in place, the milling industry has already indicated the need for a robust career kit, which can be used to help attract high school and college graduates into the world of milling.

During the conference there was a booth available for anyone in the milling industry that was attending the conference to go into and record a segment about how they got into milling, what they like and enjoy about a career in milling, etc. These testimonials will then appear on the new grainmillingcareers.com website to help form state of the art career kits.

Highlights

Once again the IAOM Annual conference and expo has been a resounding success, with so much in the program it was impossible to capture every exciting and informative moment, however, I have put together a selection of the IAOM’s highlights in the following pages which covers the event, from the Buhler welcome reception, through to the IMEF Breakfast, the exciting Product Showcases and informative Educational sessions, through to the AGM and much more. If you could not make it, it is fair to say you missed out.

If the following pages entice you to come along to the next conference and expo don’t leave it too late. It is being held on May 4-8, 2015 at the Renaissance Palm Springs Hotel and Palm Springs Convention Center, Palm Springs, California, US. Join hundreds of milling professionals from across North America and around the world when they convene in Palm Springs in 2015 for the next IAOM Annual Conference & Expo.

See you there in 2015 Darren Parris Darren Parris is the head the GFMT International Marketing Team

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IAOM opening reception evening Left: Harrold, Keven & Mike from Essmueller Company and Doug from Safe Grain/Maxi Tronic Inc

Right: Dave, Dan, Chris & Robert from Industrial Fumigant Company (IFC)

Right: Mike & Rich from C-Tec AG

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Left: Melinda Farris

icking off a superb start to the IAOM Annual Conference and Expo being held at the Hilton Omaha was the Buhler reception. As many hundred milling professional s from all over the world came together at Buhler’s opening reception.

Right: Lindsay and Mike from Electro Sensors

With fabulous food and gratis liquid refreshments Buhler succeeded in bringing together all the right people to truly set the scene for what was a successful IOAM expo and conference.

Left: Steve & Barry from Design Corrugating with Howard from Conagra Mills

Left: Andreas from Buhler with Jose, Eliseo from Fundiciones Balaguer, Enrique from Molinos Modernos S.A. and Mark from Mocasa.

Left: Tim, Randy, Matt & Franz from Buhler Right: Paul Walti from Buhler entertaining Scott Montgomery from FFI Left: Joe from Buhler with Deming from Satake, Steve from Sefar and Al from Hogg Packaging Corporation Right: Ruifeng Li the team from Baixiang Food Group (Henan) in China

Right: Ken Hofstra, Head Miller with Howard, DAllas, Brad and Scott from Richardson MIlling Limited

Right: David, Bill, Mike and Tom from Corbion Caravan with Damon from Miller Milling Co.

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28 | May - June 2014

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International Milling Educational Foundation (IMEF) Breakfast

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fter two days of successful committee meeting and a fantastic welcome reception given by Buhler the focus moves to the formalities of the International Milling Educational Foundation (IMEF) Breakfast.

Double Donor Districts honored on district donor plaque.

Breakfast with donors, scholarship and award winners

Mr Sidles announced the IMEF Benefactors Award

Bright and early Wednesday morning we all convened in the Hilton Ballroom for bacon and eggs. After a scrumptious morning snack, we sat back coffee in hand to enjoy the mornings presentations.

Hosted by Damon Sidles, who wastes no time in highlighting the IMEF priorities for the year ahead. He says: 1) “We would like to offer more scholarships to those who would like to enhance their skills and to add to their knowledge of grain processing.

2) “We will be providing grants for professional management speakers who address conferences worldwide.

3) “We want to develop senior milling executive workshops.

“These are all viable goals that can be reached as long as IMEF continue to have the support of the industry. IMEF would like to thank all who have given to the endowment fund,” he explained.

On that note, Mr Sidles on behalf of the IMEF invited anyone who would like to make a contribution to come to the front of the room.

After collecting in the very generous donations, Mr Sidles introduced the Friends of IMEF award. Unfortunately, none were in attendance. However, the three people highlighted were: Masayuki Kawahashi, Thomas Sliffe nad Ernest Van Vleet.

Mr Sidles, continued to host a number of awards and highlighted key supporters of IMEF and Friends, Contributors and Donors.

Mr Sidles announced that two districts had reached “donor level of giving” these two districts will be added to the district donor plaque, which will be on display at the IMEF headquarters.

The IMEF Benefactors Award was won by Grain Millers Inc., Keith Horton from Grain Millers, Inc came on stage to accept the award. The company had made a generous pledge at last year’s conference. Keith had announced his intention to give generously to the foundation and in doing so would create a scholarship in the name of Grain Millers Inc. co-founder Christian F. Kongsore. The scholarship would be given to one of the top grain science students at Kansas State University.

So the Christian F Kongsore Scholarship Award was born. On addressing the audience, Keith said Christian could not attend the conference but is very excited and honored to be able to lend his name to such an award.

Keith went on to explain a little about Christian F Kongsore. He was Born in Oslo, Norway in 1927 and worked in the family mill as a second generation miller. He graduated from K - State in 1954 and then worked for Fisher Mills, Pillsbury and Continental Grain,

culminating in building 17 flour mills in various countries.

Keith announces the first recipient of the Christian F Kongsore Scholarship Award was Miss Jodi Roberts.

In her application Miss Roberts noted that she was hooked on milling from the very first time she toured the Hal Ross Flourmill. She has been selected to attend K-state studyabroad program at Swiss Milling School in the fall 2014 semester.

Filling the bin

Rounding up what was a well planned and excellent breakfast meeting, Damon Sidles announced the ‘Filling the bin for the future’ IMEF Scholarship program. A scholarship program for people already in the milling industry.

Recipients include: • Ryan Legge: Used his scholarship to work on correspondence course • Steve Carpenter: Will be using his scholarship to participate in a resident milling program course later this year • Md Abu Zahid: Engineer, will be using his scholarship to improve his knowledge of milling operations Mr Sidles, closes off the awards section of the mornings event and hands the reins over to Jim McCarthy, President of the North American Millers Association (NAMA) to talk about the “Power of Flour.”

GFMT's sister publication, The International Milling Directory was on hand at IAOM to offer a complimentary copy of the industries premier buyers guide and directory to as many millers as possible!

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30 | May - June 2014

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The Power of Flour NAMA sees more change ahead The floor was given over to Jim McCarthy, president of the North American Millers’ Association and guest speaker at IMEF’s breakfast meeting

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rowing up in Washington DC Jim McCarthy started out working for a US Senator on Capitol Hill before moving on to work for five years at Hershey Food Corporation. During this time he earned an MBA and a Law Degree.

He then went on to work at the Snack Food Association for 22 years, including 14 years as its President.

Now President of North American Millers Association, (NAMA) which was

time there has been a sea change with consolidations and mergers. For example, back in 1990 the top 10 millers were a little different to those today, he told delegates.

Having explained his own background and a brief history of NAMA, Jim McCarthy gave a talk on the power of flour, in which he touched upon the politics surrounding flour today.

Food safety, nutrition and the supply chain are ‘the three pillars’ that support NAMA’s success as an organization. These were his points of reference.

1990 Miller

2014

Capacity

% of Industry

Miller

Capacity

% of Industry

Con Agra Inc. 226,900

19.8%

Ardent Milling

513,600

34.4%

Adm Milling Co. 169,700

14.8%

Adm Millingco.

281,100

18.9%

Cargill 148,700

13.0%

Milner Milling

164,000

11.0%

The Pillsbury Co. 119,700

10.4%

General Mills

77,500

5.2%

Cereal Food Processors

68,300

5.9%

Miller Milling-Nisshin

76,100

5.1%

General Mills Inc.

66,700

5.8%

Bay State Milling

75,100

5.0%

Dixie Portland Flour Mills

55,000

4.8%

Mennel

40,900

2.7%

Bay State Milling Co.

53,250

4.6%

Bartlett Milling

40,500

2.7%

Nabisco

28,000

2.4%

Kraft Foods

31,000

2.1%

Mennel

22,700

2.0%

North Dakota Milling

30,000

Total 958,950

83.5%

created in 1998, McCarthy explained how NAMA was a combination of the National Miller Federation, American Corn Millers Federation, American Oat Association and Protein Grain Products International.

Representing the wheat, corn and oat milling industries and the international trade for milled flour.

Mr McCarthy spoke about there being 45 members across 38 states and Canada, representing 170 mills which is around 90 percent of the total industry production in North America producing around 80,000 tonnes per day.

There has been change and there needs to be more change as the growth in volume produced is increasing, at the same

Total 1,329,800

2% 89.1%

Mr McCarthy grew up in Washington DC and understands just how important constituent power is and why the food industry needs a presence in Washington.

His goal has always been ‘to bring business and government together’ and as the president of NAMA he does just that - working with many organisations to make sure that NAMA’s members are well represented before government, so that the needs of the milling industry are understood by the decision makers who really can make a difference to the future of milling.

When discussing food safety Mr McCarthy explained how NAMA endeavors to promote the use of and safety of

GMO, joining forces with Wheat Innovation Alliance who are active in educating public and media on the importance of GMO wheat.

NAMA has also joined the coalition for a safe and affordable food supply to support legislation for ‘voluntary’ GMO labeling, as ‘mandatory’ GMO labeling will only cause confusion and suspicion of food products approved by the FDA. Mr McCarthy pointed out that with coeliac disease only effecting one percent of the American population and 93 percent having no dietary problems at all with wheat, NAMA feels the popularity of a gluten-free diet has really got out of hand, and he looks to set the record straight by working with Wheat Foods Council and Grain Foods Foundations.

US Dietary Guidelines are being revised and NAMA wants to preserve the current recommended guidelines of six servings of grain a day. NAMA also urges lunch programs not to set any maximum on grain products.

The American milling industry had some issues with rail supply last winter so NAMA is trying to make sure this does not happen again.

NAMA is taking action by becoming a member of the Agriculture Transportation coalition, working with Canadian allies on legislation and commenting on US Surface Transportation Board. It is also pursuing a trucking strategy for the milling industry.

Mr McCarthy finished his session by highlighting the key roles of NAMA: • Ensure the interests of our members are well represented before government • Promote the adequate supply of quality grains • Provide timely information to our members and allies • Increase public awareness of our products • Support the increase consumption of our products

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IAOM EXPO

Robert, Chris, Dan, Dave & James from IFC Service

Rusty and Guenter from Static Binder

Bernd Kruse and Carl-Ludwig Bollweg from Schule, also representing Kahl

Melike Arikan from Alapala with Hidayet, Tuncay and Sibel from the Turkish Grain Board

Deming Sun from Satake, rice and grain colour sorting machines.

Bibiana and Dayn from Omas

Regan Heaton and Daniel Wambeke from Scafco Grain Systems

Bernie Jansen and Quin Vincent from VAA

Bob Warren and Tim Larsen from Rentokil

Bryson Ramsey from LIftco LLC, specialising in Belt And CAge Manlifts

Cimbria

Robert Cook, Vice President of Biomist

Sou Yuzhong from the Kaifeng Maosheg Machinery Co

Richard and Nick from Vortomech

Carl Swisher & Rick Fifer from 4B Components Ltd.

Clint Steele and Paul Sondgeroth from Todd & Sargent

Harold Mauck and Mike Resner from Essmueller - Bulk Material Handling Equipment

Craig and Steven from IntraSystems

Henning and Thomas from Fawema

Hidayet, Tuncay & Sibel from th to Seyit & Diwakar

Stephen Nenonen, Sales Director for Romer Labs

Doug McCan from Maxi-Tronic

he Turkish Grain Board next r from imas North AMerica

Joe and MIke from SEFAR

Ertan Kaya from Erkaya Laboratory Instruments

John Hunter from Buhler

Fabrizio, Marco, Gerald and Christopher from Ocrim

Craig and Steven from IntraSystems

Tom and Nick from Blower Engineering

Steve and Wylie from BS&B - Explosion Protection Technologies

Garip Cantemir from Urgur showing a customer the inside of an Urgur machine

Steven and Mike from BinMaster stood next to the Smart Bob

Josh and John from Green Future structual Innovations

Keith Robinson from Copesan

Gary and David from AMVT colour sorting

Jamie & Matt from Chantland

Michael Cowl and Terry Geraghty from Tapco Inc

Kristen McCarty, Laboratory Manager from Brabender

Thorsten Muenker from Siwaco

Tod and Israel from Sentry

Todd Morey, Nathan Huning and Scott Hanson from Airlanco

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34 | May - June 2014

GRAIN

IAOM MPAU S Sifter Azurit ‘S’ for food safety Bühler

John Hunter from Buhler presented one of the best Showcases of the day. He starts his presentation by explaining why there is an ‘S’ after the prodcut name. "The MPAU S-Sifter is to show that it has been designed with a clear focus on food safety" says Mr Hunter.

“We need to address the needs of the modern food industry and we are being directed by regional, national and global regulations as they are implemented. Safety is always a priority for our customers.

“As with our other sifters this MPAU S features excellent sift performance and the number one thing we all need on a sifter is stainless steel lining with insulation for food safety. Insulation reduces condensation in machine, which is a risk at some times of the year.”

In addition to this great design we have Novapure sieve boxes and frames, we have eliminated all wood from machine and replaced it with a hi-tech synthetic material.

“A key requirement of this material is that it needs to deliver the ware performance including stainless steel sieve inserts where sieve clothing is glued onto the frame. It has one side access and is therefore very easy to clean.

“You can move it

Millguard-Pro

Protecting property, lives and businesses CMC Industrial Electronics Douglas Forst, president and founder of the small, boutique electronics company based in British Columbia called CMC Industrial Electronics, explained the company’s main business in hazard monitoring. Protecting peoples property, human lives and grain elevators in the grain business.

CMC Industrial Electronics were commissioned to solve a roll stand problem at large a company, and quite by chance when Douglas Forrest met the company’s maintenance manager there was a typical roll stand in an older mill from the 1920s-1930s to work on.

“If you look at this machine you will see there are just a couple of very small sensors added which are used to measure characteristics of the machine,” he says pointing to a presentation slide.

“We do it with red baring sensors, vibration and speed, connected to a special network called an ‘intrinsically safe network’ which means you can use low cost cable to wire the system with us to 32 sensors on one devices.

“It’s a very low cost systems and neat thing is that it’s serviceable by peo-

Technology on display

closer to a wall to make use of space available at your mill,” he adds.

The sifter area is 9.6m2. The approximate capacity of machine five mesh 250 micron 14 tons per hour. Larger mesh sizes means you can increase capacity, he says.

“At 58-inch, five foot deep, 90-inch wide and 94-inch high to the top of the frame will fit onto most mill floors. And its easy to get in for maintenance.

To keep the space envelope the motor has been put at the back.

Mounted directly behind the machine for easy accesses and maintenance. Counter weight is strung underneath machine instead of in the middle of the sifter.

Nova Technology uses a single cleaner that cleans both sieve screen and box. This has been simplified. Novafit is also retrofitted into some older models.

Features and options available include: safety ropes, probe that will detect motion of sifter to make sure that it is correct and not out of level.

“The key benefits are that we are delivering excellent setting performance while delivering the food safety requirements we need in the modern food industry.

“We are in the food industry and we have to make sure we meet its requirements,” he concludes.

ple in your plant with no electricians, no screwdrivers or the need for waterproofs,” he adds.

“You may not realise it but many of you reading this article have CMC’S hazard monitoring systems in your milling plants today: they have 150,000 points monitored in North America alone.”

When creating a hazard perception device for use on roll stands the challenge for CMC was two fold: baring failure and roll fire. The first was easy to fix. The roll stand part was much more difficult. CMC adapted one of its infrared sensors so that it could be used on the stand. The challenge for infrared on a roll is coping with dust. CMC figured out how to do it.

“The system is designed and certified for use in a class two-div-one environment. It has been tested by a certified testing agency and is suitable and fully approved for use in,” he adds.

Key benefits include protects milling operations prevents catastrophic failures and enables scheduling of proactive maintenance.

&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

GRAIN

Pro-Tector

Your best defense against metal Magnetic Process Equipment (MPE) As customers face increasingly stringent product safety standards, Material Process Equipment (MPE) has sought to provide a new and better way to prevent both ferrous and nonferrous metals from contaminating final product.

The result, the MPE Pro-Tector which efficiently combines the simplicity of a magnetic separator with the reliability of a metal detector in one compact unit.

This innovative new system assures the quick, easy removal of metals from the product stream, while its size accommodates the tight spaces commonly found in production facilities.

Designed for use in gravity-feed pipes to monitor for metal contaminants in continuous-flowing granules or powders such as sugar, flour, corn meal or spices, the Pro-Tector’s integrated drawer magnet provides maximum magnetic separation of contaminants.

Product first flows through the drawer magnet, which is located at the top of the unit, and then ferrous-free product contin-

Valve Bag Packaging

Highest capacity four-packer in the world Haver Filling Systems Rim Boltong, from Haver Filling Systems, started his Showcase presentation on Valve Bag Packaging by telling the audience that he definitely had some exciting things to show in filling flour into valve bags.

“At Haver, we first look at your product to get an understanding of their properties. We look at bulk densities and how the product flows and how to best dose it into the bags.

“We have a wide arsenal of techniques available to bring the product into the bag.

“When it comes to bag valve technology we employ empowers that are either vertical or horizontal, depending on the bulk density of product. We can use air for coarse products or mixed products or oily or liquid containing products.”

Mr Boltong mentioned other more traditional methods, which are much slower, explaining that they also use gravity when possible, which allows faster packaging of products.

He then demonstrates what it looks like to bring product into a bag using the impeller method; this is the preferred method for flour because flour has such small particle sizes and it flows relatively easily.

“The bag is applied to the spout; the impeller is turning the paddle wheels; the impeller is forcing product into the filling pipe where we are applying some air into the filling pipe to help aerate the product and get it into the bag.

“You can imagine we have to remove around 50 liters of air and then when you remove air you also remove some of product - with this system it is bringing that back into your hopper and recycling it. It’s a closed system.”

There is an inflatable sleeve that prevents the dust from exiting the bag.

“It’s important as we are filling that we are inflating the sleeve of the spout meaning we are not releasing any dust into the atmosphere. All the product and dust is going into the bag.”

“We have an aeration pad, to bring fluidization to the product to help it flow.

The impeller is turning and compacting the product.

What is excellent about using the impeller process is we get up to 80 percent density, which is the high-

May - June 2014 | 35

ues through a gravity-feed metal detector.

The Pro-Tector’s integrated drawer magnet employs twin layers of rare-earth magnetic tubes to provide maximum magnetic separation of metal contaminants, and its quick-clean feature allows the operator to clean the unit in less than 10 seconds.

Extremely reliable and easy-to-use, the Pro-Tector’s integrated metal detector features a straightforward operating system the quickly guides the user through set-up and operation. Designed for intuitive use, the effectiveness and ease of use makes this metal detector the premier choice for manufacturers unwilling to compromise on product safety or quality.

Recognised as the world standard for design, easy use and reliability, MPI drawer magnets deliver maximum capture of metal contaminants and assist food processors and others to keep product contaminant free and to protect processing equipment from damage.

est densification possible using mechanical methods.

“We can go anywhere from a one spout solution to a 10 spout solutions. What that means is per spout we are looking at approximately 200 bags per hour at 50lb weights so, we can go anywhere from 200lbs to 2000lbs and above when your talking smaller bags.

“We have recently installed a 10-spout installation in the northeast for flour. It can do 2000 bags per hour at 50lb weights and whilst it leaves a very small footprint we are confident that this is the highest capacity flour-packer in the world.

Some of the advantages of the roto seal is that one operator can run a whole packing plant - 2000 bags per hour.

“In a 20 by 20 footprint we can produce 2000 bags per hour, which is pretty much unheard of. In addition to all this speed and efficiency we must also pay attention to the cleanliness, that’s an issue we are always addressing, not least in terms of food safety but because of explosions and protection.

The magic happens here

“We have installed a roto-packer in The Netherlands for potato starch, which is a more difficult product than flour.

“As bags are singled out and picked up with suction cups, they are put into a sero-driven grip band and shot into the air and onto the spout. We find this to be an accurate and reliable way of bringing the bags onto the spout.

“Then this is where the magic happens, which is when the bags land on the spout it automatically raises or lowers depending on bag size and product. The spout has the sleeve. The bag is firmly nested in a bag chair supported on all sides. The bag is filled rather slowly. The power of the system allows each bag to have time to be filled, release air then sealed and discharged.

“High rates are achieved by having multiple spouts working at same time.

“Each head has its own weighing electronics which constantly feeds back the weight of the bag to the weighing electronics so it can adjust itself. This allows bag weights not to drift much,” he adds.

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36 | May - June 2014

GRAIN

Problem solving in the milling industry

by Dr Jeff Gwirtz, JAG Services Inc, US

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problem solver is someone who examines problem, someone who considers relative perspectives and solution models. Listen, observe and use all your senses. Sharpen your skills and understanding. Everyday should be a learning opportunity in the flourmill.

Become a lifelong learner.

In preparation for this presentation I looked over at least 14 different textbooks on the section about problem solving.

It was clearly the most limited volume of information you could ever imagine because it all has to do with four steps and the fact that in order for you to solve a problem you really have to have a base of knowledge of these four steps.

This assumption is identified in almost every mathematics course presented at university, even in England! These four steps are: understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan and looking back.

“A problem is a disparity between where you are and where you want to be.” – Dr Jeff Gwirtz

The Deming Cycle

The Deming Cycle: ‘plan, do, check, act, cycle’ considered statistical process control.

The Deming Cycle has been revised about four or five different times to fit various disciplines. These techniques are essential to take you from where you are to where you want to be and of course you have to ask questions.

In typical understanding of questioning and fact finding there are several entry questions: who, what, when, where, why. I suppose to some of you engaged in magazine production you include these questions in your particular articles in order to bring that article to fruition.

There are a few rhetorical constitutions or dispositions that you should think about as you’re in the process of solving a problem and developing an understanding about the problem.

Some things sound very simple, but there is dispute about fact: What do you really know and what had really been just

an assumption? There is also often a dispute about definition - how do you define things?

Again I suggest that if you follow the thought processes of a lawyer you might get a little bit lost in that area!

But the definitions and the differences between the definitions can be very subtle.

I’ve had long discussions over several beers about the difference between a flow diagram a flow chart and flow sheet and I still don’t understand.

The dispute about the nature of the act and what was done, who did it, was it intentional, was it not intentional and disputes about jurisdiction and procedure: These are very classic argument methods.

Another opportunity to enhance your understanding of a problem is to use Ishikawa’s fish bone diagram. This includes six Ms and these Ms suggest any variation in the outcome or change in process may be as a result of: manpower, mother nature, measurements, methods, material and manufacturing,

Bloom’s taxonomy

Bloom’s taxonomy: as flour millers we need to be ‘higher order’ thinkers, the people on the floor running your mill need to be ‘higher order’ thinkers, you need to be a ‘higher order’ thinker. You can’t live on things you have remembered but how you synthesise, analyse, apply, evaluate, create solutions or solve problems.

What you need to understand about solving problems in a flourmill is that many of the answers have already been identified for you: the flow sheet is the dictionary of what’s happening.

I trust the system but this trust is always verified.

A system may tell you a bin is full but a good rap on the side of a bin will tell you if its full or empty too.

I’ve learned some things about solving problems from different parts of the mill and that’s what I’d like to share with you today.

In sizing stock I had a problem with open dry good ash and low yield, and when we closed ground we had a high ash and very good yield. These two things are a complex matrix of two points.

How we addressed the problem: Read the flow sheet, pull samples of every stock.

Stock appearance alone can be misleading.

Read flow sheet, address the problem and not the symptoms.

I questioned what was reasonable when it came to dust.

You should have an idea of what are

reasonable expectations for this process as the collection and disposition of dust filter stock has changed over time.

It has moved from bucket elevator systems, where we had good suction and poor suction, to rolls with perspective quantities of bran in their systems. Flour and sock choke was evident around a roll stand.

Overlooking obvious problems

So often that happens to us. Sifting efficiency is what needs to be addressed.

Often we forget basics and fundamentals.

The choke is not always the source of the problem. Sifting, suction and grinding, these things are all interconnected.

Screen splitting: what did I observe?

Two identical sifter boxes making the same separation on identical stock producing different qualities and quantities of scalp material.

Roller bin mill adjustments could make or correct the problem.

We observed that the scalp from one of several sifter boxes appeared to be rich as a result of that incomplete sifting. We studied the product guess what?

We looked at the flow sheet! We screen tested the product under the rolls, we screen tested the product in the sifter, we attempted to rebalance the load but the problem was we couldn’t correct it. We still had scalp and we had just changed the location of the problem.

The layout of the system would not permit equal distribution of that load for the different locations of the mill.

How many times do we see things like this set up in order to split the stock-there is certainly nothing wrong with it but I would ensure that the product is homogenous and most of our products in flour mills are not.

The balance of those sifter boxes could not be controlled and as I thought about it I thought “what are my sifter loading expectations?”

Increasing or decreasing the loads of sifter boxes assuming that this is the same material in each sifter box we expect changes in the scalp as the load increases.

We’d see an increase in potential through in that scalp.

If we put that in terms of efficiency in sifting separation it would go down instead of making an increase in the perpetual through.

Flour production would go up. Flour in the carryover would go up affecting downstream milling operations.

You want low ash flour n one sifter box.

You get a low ash flower but you get a lot of carry-over in the next grain system. You want to shift the particle size of the flour?

You increase the load the particle size of the flour will go down.

Quick release

I did run into a problem where we couldn’t open a roll enough to achieve the target quick release. We couldn’t open up a

&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

GRAIN

GM’s naughty words list General Motors’ lawyers put together a list of words that could no longer use at GM. Instead of ‘having a problem’ there is an ‘issue,’ ‘condition’ or ‘matter’.

“In addition, there were several hundred other words that came into play, that I will not take the time to share them with you today, but I do have a list of synonyms that I want to share,” says Dr Jeff Gwirtz of JAF 2003 and K-State JAG from 2011.

“Through my career there have been many words I’ve heard to describe a problem. While I was with Ralston Purina Co you could not say you had a ‘problem’ you had an ‘opportunity’ so everything was an ‘opportunity’.

“I’m sure in the world of supply chain management you too have a word that’s used in place of the world ‘problem’.

“A problem is a disparity between where you are and where you want to be.

“I’m not talking about physically I’m talking about the process, particularly within respect of operations in a flourmill,” says Dr Gwirtz.

May - June 2014 | 37

roll enough: that’s a strange problem.

The stock that was coming down to the roller mill - it was already too fine to begin with. What happened? I read the flow sheet I checked the stock (the stock doesn’t lie).

Flow sheets sometimes lie – Let’s blame the engineers who don’t take time to redraft the flow sheet! We have to have an up-todate flow sheet.

Grinding too close

Grinding too close: all the bran whether its coarse. The product was sieved over a 21er that was 1041 microns approximately, it may have been broader but it was still slithering. I think that if you slither the bran the propensity to increase the ash in the flour goes up. The challenge of getting the endosperm off the bran hinges on getting the proper quick release.

One of the last milling story problems where I learned a little bit about problem solving was in the process of adjusting a purifier 7.

I observe large pieces of bran coming off the purifier at a significant rate.

We observed this and it wasn’t consistent with what I had really expected. What we did was we got out the flow sheet!

We identified what we expected to be there. We ran sieving tests. We took the sifter apart and we found a large hole. How did I know it was going to be there? I read the flow sheet.

Sometime in life you will end up looking

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at a new machine or set of machines or processors and I offer you these things to think about: • Ask yourself about the material and processing objectives of the machine • What are the physical dimensions of the machine?

• What are the materials of construction?

• What are the drives, what do the drive systems look like?

• What are the general equipment adjustments available to the operator?

• What kind of material or stock is to be processed by the machine?

• What are the sanitation issues associated with the machine?

• What maintenance skills are needed?

• External inputs?

• Do you need a fan somewhere?

• Do you need compressed air?

• What is the dependency or relationship between the equipment and the system?

• You can look at the incoming material, the expected uniformity quality quantity and rate • Look at the inputs - quality, quantity, and rate • Process objectives, whether it’s to reduce size or make some kind of separation Having knowledge is the key to critical thinking having flow sheets being able to determine what’s not there.

Leverage every tool that you have to solve problems.

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Educational Session

NIR

Shifting protein target closer to your specification

O

n a bright warm Thursday morning at IAOM in Omaha we sit down to listen to Jeff Boedigheimer enlighten us on utilising NIR technology for inline process control. Jeff starts by talking about goals: • How you can save time and money by improving your grain blending or flour production by utilizing in-line NIR technology. Reducing protein losses or moisture variation • The ability to eliminate sample ware from your process as well as reduce rework • Ensure you’re producing your product close to your specification “I’m certain that many of you use near infrared technology in your mills. It’s widely accepted technology that’s been used in the agricultural industry for many years primarily in the bench top mode where you take a sample from the process and you then present it to the instrument.”

“What we’re trying to achieve with the next approach in the industry is move it in-line.” *When you take into consideration errors associated with the bench top analyser plus sampling error, you actually have to make a determination as your process variation is going to be wider than it should be. *So when you go continuous and analyse a sample and get results every 20 or 30 seconds you actually remove sampling errors. You’re able to reduce your standard deviation, change your process variation from an out-line approach to an in-line approach. *Really the concept with in-line standardisation is to see how much variation you have in your process. When you’re running with a bench-top analyser you typically have a wider variation than you’re running with to compensate for a safety margin.”

He went on to say, that when you look at doing the genus analysis you have greater improvement and confidence in your analytical results and therefore can shift your target and reduce your standard deviation. You’re basically shifting your protein target closer to your specification.

In-line can be used in grain receiving to segregate grains or grain blending for protein analysis further down stream.

“So what we’re looking at is reducing that protein variation and that’s really where the economics come into play in flourmills.”

From a moisture perspective, whether that is whole grain to ensure your tempering is correct or on the flour side to make sure moisture is at specification or to bring it up closer to your target of 14 percent, in-line can provide a solution, he says.

“Also on the flour side we measure ash with in-line analysis that’s to make sure that you’re not out of spec.”

An example of one company’s experience showed in-line on protein blending in wheat

saved approximately US$100,000 annually by targeting 13.1 protein from 13.4. Average saving are about US$0.04 per hundredweight (45Kgs).

“One of the things we have focused on a lot with our in-line technology is the detection limit of the analyser.

That’s the ability to detect a change in the process and what you will be able to see is those statistics. So with whole grain moisture our process detection had been down to 0.011 and protein 0.022.

“These are very important statistics, it gives the analyser the ability to detect a change and gives him the confidence that the analyser is repeatable.”

Another example of how an inline can be utilised effectively in a daily operation, where whole grain in this example the target spec was between 11% and 13% protein and here you can understand the product is above 13% so this type of technology can really be beneficial.

React and make changes whether you have the ability to make a manual change or operators can make changes or implement the technology into a plc or a pid loop that automatically makes corrections for you.

In-line allows you to take in the trending or the ability to see trends in real time.

One of the things you’ve got to keep in mind when you’re doing lab analysis or bench top analysis is you have that time difference between results when you pull samples every half hour or two hours? That’s where the power of inline comes in because you can take away that potential variation that could occur.

The flour plant is a harsh environment. You’re dealing with dust, vibration and various temperature swings. It’s important to take into consideration, with an inline analyser, the things that have been done to the equipment so that it can withstand the test of time in that kind of environment.

“Things we’ve implemented include: high rating, dust tight and watertight enclosure. We use USDA approved hygiene components and all our components are USDA certified. We also have the ability to put them in classified areas Class 1 or Class 2 where we can propose a solution.

Also with an inline analyser as with any NIR there’s a light source, that’s what you need within the instrument. What we implement is a dual lamp in the actual analyser so if one burns out the other takes over automatically. This is critical when you’re running operation 24 hours a day seven days a week.

In-line analysis: • It’s all about reducing standard deviation to ensure production of a consistent product.

Do that and you will be closer to your target. If you’re closer to your target you’ll gain extra profit • Reduce the sampling and analysis time is also to consider. That’ll be done less frequently and you’ll be eliminating sampling error from the process • You can look at this as reducing rework as well • Typical payback is between 6-12 months Foss has 60 years of experience in analytics in the grain industry. With over11,000 Infratechs for protein analysis installed worldwide.

In a quarter of a century of inline technology it has now installed 500 systems worldwide.

Safety in the flour mill by design food safety aspects

Randy Schmidt from Buhler speaking on food safety aspects of machine design and operation started his talk by showing steps which Buhler uses to ensure sanitary design of its equipment as well as the hygienic facility designs.

There are two organisations that can help when it comes to designing food processing facilities that are specific to flour mills.

The European Hygienic Engineering and Design Group, a consortium of equipment manufacturers, food industry companies, research institutes and public health authorities is an organisation that is much used throughout Europe.

In the US there is the 3-A Sanitary Standards Inc (3ASSI), commonly consulted in for food industry North America non-profit organisation representing the interests of regulatory, sanitarians, equipment fabricators and food processors.

Both are non-profit organsations focused on the promotion of safe food and hygienic design.

Both have common goals and exchange draft guidelines to stay in sync with each other. Even contents with all EHEDG guidelines have been cross-referenced with 3ASSI.

Materials in construction

The two organisations cite stainless steel as a logical option for material constructions give guidelines and specifications as to the quality that must be met as well as the finish of the steel.

Two different types of stainless steel surface treatment: the product touching parts are polished with a surface finish of 0.4 micrometers and the non-touching parts are electro-polished with a finish of 0.8 micrometers; both exceed the recommendations of both orginisations.

Rubbers or soft materials guidelines, chemical temperature and steam stress crack resistant are MBR-type material closed cell that do not absorb cleaners.

Lubricants

Equipment needs to be designed to avoid product contact with lubricants.

Secondly, lubricant needs to conform to FDA or NSF guidelines which are geared toward filter lubricants of treated drinking water.

We put an additional seal in gear box to help protect the crucial interface between the gearbox and the product area.

Wiring and cabling

Routing of wiring and cabling through enclosed junction boxes and support brackets need to be designed in a way to eliminate the accumulation of material and designed to eliminate dead spots or areas that aren’t easily cleaned and where the growth of bacterial could occur. Most of the cable routing is inside the leg of the machine. Motor cables are routed by cable tray with grids in the control cabinets.

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Dust formation

Equipment must be designed in a way that doesn’t generate dust. Tight access doors to eliminate leakage or cross contamination are critical. These access points need to be easy to remove to eliminate dead spots or accumulation of dust.

Cleaning

Needs to be easily cleaned. Easy access. All components easy to remove eliminate all gaps and crevices. Radius corner. Rather than have sharp 90-degree corners.

Using NSDF micro feeder as the example for hygienic machine design. You can understand the detailed steps we take to ensure the most sanitary design of our equipment using both 3ASSI and EHEDG guidelines helps us meet these strict hygienic guidelines.

The golden rule of zoning

Move on to some of rules for designing complete food processing facilities.

The golden rule for Buhler is to arrange the plant design into its different hygienic zones, labeling these zones as either a nozone, low-, medium- or high-risk zone.

No-zone pose almost no food safety risk at plant: Outside areas; separate administration offices; were smoking, eating and drinking is permitted.

Low-risk includes areas where direct contact with finished products is not likely.

This may include grain receiving, loading bays or quarantine rooms for product.

May - June 2014 | 39

Medium-risk zone are closer to area where food contamination could occur.

Stairways, elevators and areas typically where most processors have rules and guidelines like washing hands, etc. Wood should be eliminated as much as possible Zone 1, the high-risk zone where there is the highest chance of product contamination, include mill grinding, finish product, storage, bagging and packing facilities.

So following VRC’S hygienic design of food factories guidelines plants are encouraged to divide the facility into these hygienic zones. No color-code for no-zone 4; zone 3 – green; zone 2 – orange; zone 1 red. This helpselps processors. We try to enhance this by the location of the zones and clear divisions such as doors and walls.

They enhance guidelines by having walls between places.

Building design key factors

Little things make big differences, such as type of flooring - ideally smooth surface floors that are easy to clean yet safe to walk junction between equipment and building itself weather floor ceiling well pay special attention to how that junction will take place.

Temporal water control system equipment should be designed so that it does not contribute to non-hygienic conditions, but also needs to be maintenance friendly.

As with plant sifters, temporal water control systems should have suspension points for are integrated into the ceiling structure.

Bin design

On the inside of product bins all corners should be rounded excluding discharge points.

Surfaces need to be prepared to meet the specific requirements of the product that is to be stored. Two basic philosophies for bin top design - raised manhole covers may be less likely to have contaminates inadvertently entered in from the top. Adds more hassle for cleaning. Flush manhole covers makes cleaning floor and area much easier but must have good seal to prevent contaminates from entering the bins.

Summary

In summary selecting the right building concept is key, ultimately determining the added value of your investment prerequisites.

Obviously, hygienic concepts is part of the project concept phase and this needs to be talked about in great detail at the very beginning of a project phase and needs to be kept in mind throughout the entire project with building engineering according to hygienic concepts and high quality execution of the construction and instillation work.

Hopefully, with all that kept in mind and everybody following those prerequisites, we would end up with a clean and appealing processing facility that’s easy to clean, complies with food safety requirements and happy customers thank you.

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IAOM

AGM

Hightlights

F

ollowing the official opening of the 2014 IAOM Annual General Meeting in Omaha, vice-president Damon Sidles moved a special motion of standing remembrance for members lost in the past year. They included: Jack Higginbotham, Alvin Albert Prinzine, Harry Myers III , John. E. Webster, Carl Bush and Richard Robertson.

The Treasurer’s Report by Roy Loepp stated the cash asset position of IAOM stands “solidly at this point in time” with the organization functioning within budget. It was noted that conferences and correspondence courses had boosted revenues through 2013. Preregistering expo exhibitors had also helped the organisation’s financial position.

It was also noted that 42 percent of IAOM members are international and there is a move to internationalise the membership further.

Key points

Martin from the Education Committee, reported that three meetings had been held since the Niagra Falls Conference and Expo.

A new chairperson is being sought, following Lionel Helweg's resignation from the commitee, who will be appointed by the IAOM President Damon Sidles as soon as possible.

New Education Committee members include: Doug Stuckey - ADM Milling; Chris Caplinger - Bunge Milling; Steve Matson Horizon Milling; Jim Haggart - Star of the West Milling and Joe Woodward - ADM Milling. More individuals from within the membership are being sought to serve.

Correspondence Courses units 1, 2 and 3 are being reviewed currently and are being translated into Spanish and Arabic.

Mill Maintenance and Fundamentals

This course is going well and more are being planned. Two short courses - Fundamentals of Milling 1 and 2 - received very good reviews by participants. The course was taught by Jeff Gwirtz of JAG Services Inc. The course was held in Cremona, Italy.

The IAOM will be holding it's Mill Maintenance I course in Kansas City, Missouri, on October 20-22, 2014. Plans are also being made to offer a Grain Milling Certificate as a part of the Regional Training Program.

Food Protection Committee

Ron Galley, Food Protection Committee (FPC) chairperson reports that his committee met 3 times since the last Annual Conference and Expo.

The committee heard an update on Food Safety and EPA’s proposal to remove fluoride and chloride tolerances in food and to remove the effects of fuming and profume.

During this meeting, the committee finalised its work on the IAOM IPM manual for stored projects and risk management. Jim Bears of NAMA proposed this in early 2012 and this document is now complete and is published on the IAOM’s website. The FPC then met and held a conference, the committee briefly heard about the FDA regulations and inspections. Earlier this week, the committee met with four vendors to talk about allergens and cross-contamination.

Technical Committee

Jim Doyle, Technical Committee chairman reports that recent meetings have focused on education and training programmes such as IAOM to partner with community colleges.

Challenges, new projects and packaging issues were all discussed.

One universal challenge is hiring capable and competent employees.

Damon Sidles, Treasurer and IAOM President Joel Hoffa's recent meeting with the Middle-East and African office of IAOM in Muscat, Oman was reported upon.

Trade shows and educational programmes were held which meant good attendance levels.

Craig Froehling from Cargill updated the group on NFPA changes and Jess McCluer gave regulatory updates to the committee.

Ruedi Weiss from Buhler gave a presentation about the technological trends taking place in the industry around the world to the committee.

Environmental, Health and Safety Committee Anthony Yount, Environmental, Health and Safety Committee chairman says there is a variety of issues to be addressed, but the three most important ones are OHSA's new requirements, NFPA combustable dust standards and the combustable dust inspections from OHSA. The committee intends

to share a document within the next three months on ‘our mission of promoting and sharing ideas with industry to give a vital function to the industry’. More individuals are invited to join.

Employer Relations Committee

David Pickett, Employee Relations Committee chairman is working to recruit more members to the committee. New appointments incoude: Troy Anderson, Horizon Milling; Kurt Wetzel and John Shouse, Knappen Milling. The committee is working on a new recruitment website, www.grainmillingcareers. com and more topics for the 2015 Conference.

Elections

Roy Loepp for the open Vice-President post, nominated and elected by the committee.

Brad Allen for Treasurer, nominated by the committee and elected by an unanimous vote.

IAOM ACE (Annual Conference and Expo

application) was available again this year.

IAOM is pleased to provide this and look forward to doing more in the future.

Nominating Committee

The Nominating Committee recognizes Royal Denning as a distinguished member.

Safety awards

ConAgra Mills, Puerto Rico and ConAgra Mills, Ohio, USA, won the awards.

For 10 years in a row, these mills have been awarded safety awards, so this special award has been given in recognition of their achievements.

Winners of the 5 consecutive year safety award went to: ADM Seaforth, Liverpool; ADM, Corby, Northants, Great Britain and King’s Flour Mill, West Yorkshire.

The board of directors were then installed.

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High feedstuffs costs:

Improving nutritional value of swine diets by processing conditions

by Ester Vinyeta, Animal Nutrition Manager, Bühler AG, Feed & Biomass

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ig production costs have increased more than 10 percent during the last five years, primarily due to higher feedstuff prices.

Feed costs contribute more than 60 percent of total pig production costs (in the USA and Brazil even as high as 70-75 percent, respectively (LEI, 2013)).

As feed milling affects the dietary nutritional value and feed efficiency of pigs, profit over feeds costs can be improved by optimising the feed milling process.

The effects of processing of feed on its nutritional value are highly underestimated.

Profit of animal production in the end is determined by both feed production costs and animal performance. Both should both be optimised to get the highest return on investment, as the highest feed mill throughput will probably not result in the best technical quality of the feed.

On the other hand the best technical quality might not be needed for maximised nutritional value or optimal pig performance.

Feed millers have a very large tool box to optimise technical quality of the feed.

Here, attention is paid to grinding and compacting (or pelleting), which are the tools that have the higher impact on nutritional quality of feed, assuming that dosing and mixing will be done with the right accuracy.

Grinding for optimal particle size

In pigs it is consistently shown, oppositely to broiler production, that reduction of dietary particle size improves daily gain and feed conversion rate (FCR).

Goodband et al. (1993) reported that FCR improved by more than five percent when reducing feed particle size from 767µm to 634µm (dgw, dry sieving) of corn in meal diets and Rojas et al. (2013) demonstrated that reducing particle size of corn-

based diets improves nutrient digestibility and energy value of feedstuffs by increasing surface area (see Figure 2).

The type and intensity of grinding (roller mills verses hammer mills) has an impact not only on particle size distribution, but also on particle shape, bulk density and surface area.

These are additional criteria to consider when evaluating the impact of grinding process on digestibility and animal performance.

At this point, it is important to realize that, although optimal feed particle size ranges from 500-700µm, there is no single optimum value as the optimum depends on

al. (2012). They showed that particle size, especially the coarser fractions, had larger impact than feed form in barley and sorghum diets (see Figure 3).

From grinding to pelleting

Grinding and pelleting are tools that interact: At one side grinding affects pellet quality and on the other side pelleting reduces particle size further. The effects of grinding on pellet quality are discussed at end of this paper.

The pelleting step is considered a “secondary grinding”. It has been shown that the

Figure 1: Feed mill plant, a tool box to optimise feed value type of raw material (for example, type of cereals, soybean meal, DDGS), feed form (mash verses pellet), age of the animal (piglet, growing/finishing pig, sow) and health status.

Despite the linear increase in feeding value by reduced feed particle size (see Figure 2), too small particles are disadvantageous as they might cause gastric ulcers.

In addition, fine grinding requires high energy inputs.

Effects of cereal type and feed form on pig performance were studied by Gidley et

percentage of coarse fraction (> 1.4mm) is reduced by 15 percent in coarse meal diets after pelleting, and the fine fraction (<0.4mm) is increased by more than 5 percent (Wolf et al. (2010) after pellet analyses with wet sieving method. In order to assess the grinding effect of pelleting , wet sieving of mash before pelleting and pellets is the recommended method

Pelleting improves pig performance

Pelleting improves feed efficiency in pigs

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by more than five percent, compared to meal diets, as shown both in nursery pigs and in growing-finishing pigs.

This effect, however, is dependent on the conditioning time and temperature and shear forces during pelleting.

There is little consensus about the reason for increased performance in pigs fed pelleted diets. Some argue it is because of increased bulk density and palatability, which is not in agreement with decreased feed intake observed in some cases. Others claim that a higher growth is due to higher nutrient digestibility due to starch gelatinisation and protein denaturation.

Crumbled pellets, conditioned at 90째C improved feed efficiency by 5.2 percent compared to meal diets in five weeks-slaughter pigs fed wheat-barley-corn based diets, whereas expandate feed (120째C) resulted in lower benefit over mash and crumbled pellet (Millet et al., 2012).

In nursery pigs, total tract digestibility of protein and energy improves when feeds are conditioned and pelleted or extruded.

Lundblad et al. (2011) showed that there was no additional benefit of expanding over steam pel-

May - June 2014 | 43

Figure 2: The metabolise energy (Kcal ME/kg DM) increase by reduction of particle size in corn-based diets fed as meal in barrows (29kg BW) (Source: Modified from Rojas et al., 2013)

leting at 47째C or 90째C on feed efficiency.

However, extrusion in spite of having reduced feed intake, probably caused by low bulk density, resulted in increased piglets performance, due to higher nutrient digestibilities.

Pellet quality (PDI) has a large impact on production performance of pigs.

When percent fines exceeds more than 20 percent at feeder, benefits of pelleting will be much smaller. Main factors affecting PDI and their relevance are indicated in Figure 5.

Formulation-sizespecification

Figure 3: Effect of grain type, feed particle size (regrinding of particles with size >1.8mm or >0.9mm in barley and sorghum respectively) and feed form (mash verses pellet) on FCR in growing pigs

Diet formulation: Experienced nutritionists and feed millers know that wheat-based diets result in better PDI compared to corn-based diets; increasing protein content improves PDI, and specific protein sources, such as soybean isolates have larger effect (Briggs et al., 1999).

Different fiber can have opposite results: adding five percent of cellulose may have positive effect, whereas lignin at same amount has detrimental effect (Buchanan & Moritz, 2009).

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The selection of the die (diameter and active hole lengths) is upon diet formulation and target PDI. It seems obvious that when hole length is increased, PDI is improved but production (tonne/hour) is decreased and energy consumption increased. The economical optimum at feed mill may not fit with the optimum for animal production.

Take home messages

Figure 4: Effect of feed structure on performance of growing-finishing (five weeks-slaughter) pigs fed wheat-barley-maize-soya diets.

DDGs have variable effect on PDI, depending on particle size, fiber and protein content. Several authors (Feoli, 2008 and Knauer et al., 2013) found that adding 30 percent DDGs increased PDI, whereas other studies show a decreased pellet durability when increasing inclusion level in the diets (Fahrenholz et al., 2013, Loar et al., 2010).

Particle size: Reduction of particle size improves pellet quality (PDI) as has been shown in some studies: in corn-soy diets, reduction from 1000µm to 400µm improved PDI from 79 to 86 percent/m (Wondra et al., 1995) and from 543µm to 233µm the PDI improvement was up to 99 percent (Stark, 1994).

Similar results were found by Knauer

et al. (2013) when reducing particle size of soybean meal to 450µm.

In the case of DDGS, it has not been shown clear improvement of PDI by reducing particle size whereas it seems there is a benefit of when DDGS have been previously pelleted in origin and re-grinded in the feedmill.

Conditioning and die specifications: considering a range of particle size of the mash between 500-700µm, the conditioning temperature should range between 60°C to 80°C to achieve good PDI (fines ≤10 percent).

In general, pig diets are pelleted at 4mm, but hole length varies considerably among regions and feedmillers, from 4x40 up to 4x60/70.

- Profit over feeds costs can be improved by optimising the feed milling process.

Optimising nutrient utilisation by the animal has a tremendous impact in pig production costs - The optimal feed particle size ranges between 500-700µm (dgw), but depends on type of raw material, feed form, age of the animal and health status - Particle size and feed form affect feed intake and feed efficiency. Bulk density and percent fines or PDI should be accounted for to optimise animal performance - Pelleting improves feed efficiency by more than five percent compared to meal diets, providing a good pellet quality The benefit of more intense thermal treatment, such as expansion is not clear.

Extrusion process may increase digestibility of nutrients in nursery pigs but attention to feed intake should be paid.

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Harvest conditions:

Effects on wheat quality and routes to addressing issues of agronomic, processing and financial

by Mervin Poole, Analytical Service, Cereals and Ingredients Processing Department, Campden BRI, UK

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or the 2013 crop of UK wheat, the weather during planting was poor hence, farmers sowed more spring wheat, but because the weather improved, the final crop quality was average.

The aim of the miller is to maintain the production of flour that performs consistently in processing.

Hence, the miller tests wheat quality to maintain the quality of the raw materials entering the mill.

Quality means different things for different products and therefore a number of factors are important when assessing wheat quality.

Some quality issues will render wheat unsuitable for human or even animal consumption. Wet wheat is unsuitable for safe storage and can lead to fungal-based spoilage or premature germination.

Wheat contaminated by the addition of foreign material, ergot or chemicals leads to food safety risks. Partially germinated grains, those of low density, of unsuitable varieties or low protein content may be unsuitable for processing.

The role of the grower

Growers play a key role in producing high quality wheat. They begin influencing wheat quality by selecting appropriate varieties for the soil type and climate. The planting season defines the varieties sown.

During the lifecycle of the plant, the farmer monitors plant health. They use this

information to treat the crop with nutrients such as nitrogen and sulphur and chemicals such as herbicides and pesticides to encourage healthy plant growth.

The weather influences plant growth and the opportunities to plant seeds and apply treatments can limit the farmer’s control of wheat quality. After harvest, the safe storage of wheat before trade to the miller is essential. For further information see, The Home Grown Cereals Authority (HGCA) “Grain Storage Guide for Cereals and Oilseeds,” which applies food safety approaches to the storage of cereals (www.hgca.com).

The variety of wheat largely defines the quality of subsequent products, for example, flour. The genetics of a variety endows resistance to disease and premature germination whilst also defining grain shape, specific weight, resistance to variations in harvest conditions and the ability to store protein efficiently.

To support the farmers in selecting appropriate varieties in the UK, the National Association of British and Irish Millers (nabim) publish a categorisation of wheat varieties, summarised in Table 1, based on at least three years of trial data. The trials consider the suitability of the wheat for bread and biscuit processing.

The role of the miller

The miller is responsible for supplying consistent flour of the quality required by the baker and therefore demands control over wheat quality. A contract of trade

defines the quality measurements and sets acceptable limits.

These tests include rapid tests by mill intake laboratories that enable the efficient unloading of wheat.

However, where quality raises concerns, further testing may be required.

The miller uses rapid tests, summarised in Table 2, to measure the quality of traded wheat at the mill. These include a visual inspection to determine the suitability of the wheat for milling and may result in rejection: Damaged grains could indicate infestaTable 1: Categorisation of wheat varieties, published by nabim to communicate their preference for UK wheat varieties demonstrated as suitable for processing (Source: nabim Wheat Guide 2013 www. nabim.org.uk) Group 1

These varieties perform consistently in milling and baking.

Group 2

These varieties exhibit breadmaking potential, but not of the consistent high performance of those in Group 1. Some speciality varieties may be included.

Group 3

These varieties are suitable for biscuit, cake and other softmilling, low protein applications.

Group 4

These varieties do not meet the processing quality criteria described for Groups 1-3.

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tions by insects or mites. Enzymes produced by insects to digest wheat proteins render the protein unsuitable for some baking applications Odours, taints, shrivelled, pink or green grains may suggest contamination by mould or chemicals, which indicates a risk of poisonous mycotoxins or dangerous chemicals entering the food chain Ergot is a fungus from the genus Claviceps.

The fruiting bodies are dark coloured fungal spores known as sclerotia that contain poisonous alkaloids. They have a creamy white centre of similar size and density to a wheat grain and are therefore difficult to separate from wheat. The risk to human and animal health excludes wheat from the food chain if it contains these poisonous sclerotia. Furthermore, the EU Commission Regulations (Numbers 1234/2007 and 1272/2009) have set maximum levels permitted under EU regulations of 500mg/kg of sclerotia in wheat Dark coloured grains can indicate heatdamage due to drying the wheat at high temperatures. Heat above approximately 40˚C damages the proteins in wheat making them less capable of producing a functional gluten network Skilled intake technicians may recognise varieties by visual examination. A passport scheme supports the traceability of wheat and states its variety. As a significant proportion of quality is fixed by variety, this is a key indicator of quality and further testing may

May - June 2014 | 47

be required if the sample does appear as expected

Moisture, protein and other factors

Independent to the visual inspection, the miller measures moisture because wheat cannot be stored safely above 14.5 percent moisture on a mass basis.

Drying grain is expensive and grain is traded based on weight.

Therefore, the miller does not wish to pay for either the cost of drying or the extra weight of the water included with the grain.

The miller measures protein content because specific products need appropriate flour protein for their manufacture. The

acceptable threshold for bread wheat is 13.0 percent. Below 13.0 percent wheat protein, the derived flour is incapable of maintaining the consistent bread loaf-volumes expected by consumers.

Premature germination of wheat due to variety, moisture and heat in either the field or following storage causes the production of an enzyme, which breaks down stored starch to sugar. The miller measures the quantity of this enzyme by the Hagberg Falling Number test.

Low Falling Number values indicate excess enzyme. The threshold for bread wheat is a minimum of 250s. Below this level, the enzyme releases too much sugar, which feeds the yeast causing uncontrolled holes or

Table 2: Tests used to assess wheat quality in a mill intake laboratory Test Sensory evaluation

Considerations and impact

Limits

Infestation, odours, taints, heat-damage and variety all suggest safety and quality failures

Protein content

poor bread volume and texture

>13% on a dry matter basis

Moisture content

Unsafe for storage, costly to dry,

<14.5%

Specific weight (Hectolitre weight or bushel weight)

Low density equates to lower flour yields during milling and below 76kg/hl indicates grain quality problems

>76kg/hl

α-Amylase content (Hagberg’s falling number)

Too much sugar released from the starch during baking.

Dark, sticky breadcrumb with large holes.

>250s

F

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GRAIN

darkening of the breadcrumb structure.

Both of these contribute to undesirable bread, which does not meet consumer expectations. Excess enzyme can also lead to stickiness of the dough and crumb causing dough processing and bread slicing failures.

"The miller is responsible for supplying consistent flour of the quality required by the baker and therefore demands control over wheat quality. A contract of trade defines the quality measurements and sets acceptable limits" The miller measures the density of the wheat. Known as the Hectolitre or Bushel Weight tests, the results help identify shrunken grain due to disease, drought or damage from insect infestations.

The acceptable threshold for bread wheat is 76kg/hl.

expectations of a disastrous harvest. The final quality assessments suggest the quality of the harvest was average.

Based on HGCA estimates, the total UK wheat yield decreased from 15.2mt in 2011, to 13.3mt in 2012 and 11.9mt in 2013 (www.hgca.com).

Nabim classify Group 1 and Group 2 varieties as potentially suitable for bread making.

The basic intake requirements used to assess quality include; a specific weight of greater than 76kg/hl, a protein content of greater than 13.0 percent and Falling Number values greater than 250s.

The proportions of samples meeting these criteria when surveyed after the 2011, 2012 and 2013 harvests are summarised in Table 3.

We made a comparison of the 2013 and 2011 crops. We did not compare the 2012 crop because it was abnormal and the quality was not a reflection of average crop performance in the UK. Of the nabim Group 1 and 2 varieties harvested in 2013 more samples met the intake requirements for falling number than 2011 but fewer met the requirements for protein or specific weight.

Table 3: Proportions of wheat samples surveyed from the 2011-13 UK bread making crops that met the mill intake criteria limits for specific weight, protein content and Falling Number (source data from: www.hgca.com) % of samples tested that met intake requirement of:

Group 1

Group 2

2011

2012

2013

2011

Specific weight (>76kg/hl)

91

10

25

Protein (>13%)

50

50

50

Falling number (>250s)

86

56

93

Higher levels are associated with higher flour yields from the wheat because plump grains have lower surface bran to endosperm ratios.

The conclusions of these tests will influence the suitability of the wheat for processing into flour and its sale to a baker. The results will conclude the trade agreements for the wheat and define the payment the farmer receives for their crop.

Farmers are dependent on weather throughout the lifecycle of the plant to produce good quality wheat.

Late summer, autumn and winter of 2012 were very wet and prevented the sowing and establishment of wheat in the UK because the land was too wet to work.

In response, the farmers selected more spring wheat varieties and sowed these in the spring of 2013. Opportunities for good plant husbandry during the life cycle of the plant improved following a cold spring. The warm and dry summer increased plant growth rates. The farmers harvested the crops under dry conditions.

After harvest, they stored the wheat under controlled conditions to maintain quality. The summer and harvest conditions in 2013 helped the crop to recover from

2012

2013

86

8

73

37

60

28

84

38

90

The farmers concentrate on producing good quality wheat throughout the lifecycle of the plant. For the millers, the commercial incentives to use locally available wheat outweigh the cost of importing wheat.

However, the negative effect of any food safety scare outweighs any commercial incentive to use the most readily available crop.

The 2013 harvest in the UK

Dry conditions prevailed during the 2013 UK harvest.

The dry conditions helped avoid premature germination and enabled safe storage of the crop. The Falling Number values of >250s in more than 90 percent of breadmaking samples meant that excess sugars in baking were unlikely to be common. The bakers can easily compensate for low levels of enzyme in the bakery and therefore the low level of enzyme is unlikely to cause concern.

Low specific weight in 2013 appears to be due to a proportion of small or shrivelled grains.

It is of concern because it is predominantly evident in the survey of Group 1 varieties. The root cause of such shrivelled

grains is important because drought, premature harvesting or disease can define the risk of using these samples in the food chain.

Small grains due to drought or premature harvesting will result in a low flour yield and potential bran contamination without careful and costly mill adjustment. Small grains due to disease are associated with higher mycotoxin risks associated with mycotoxin producing fungi such as the Fusarium species.

Mycotoxin contaminated samples are excluded from the food chain when safe limits are exceeded. However, specialist equipment is available that can separate samples based on their density to recover the plump grains. This expensive process will recover a proportion of plump grains from the sample.

Grain sorters, which rely on image technology, remove individual grains contaminated by Fusarium.

However, not all Fusarium species produce mycotoxins. Hence, the removal of all Fusarium contaminated grains by grain sorters is both wasteful and expensive.

With only 28 percent of Group 2 wheat meeting the grain intake specifications in 2013, low protein is a potential problem.

The main impacts of low protein bread wheat are low and inconsistent loaf volumes.

The baker can add gluten to improve the loaf volume.

However, this is expensive because gluten is manufactured from wheat.

A remaining option is to import wheat of the appropriate quality. This incurs higher transport costs. However, this option may be associated with lower risks and processing costs, causing it to be a realistic option.

In conclusion, the harvest conditions have lead to a small, average quality UK crop in 2013. Although the crop was better than anticipated, the penetration of the quality is unlikely to compensate for the shortage.

Hence, imports of wheat to meet the demand for consistent products are likely to continue.

About the author:

Mervin Poole manages the analytical service of the Cereals and Ingredients Processing department at Campden BRI. The service supports innovation and training at Campden BRI by providing testing to the cereals, ingredients and animal feed industries.

Campden BRI is the UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest independent membership-based organisation carrying out research and development for the food and drinks industry worldwide. It is committed to providing industry with the research, technical and advisory services needed to ensure product safety and quality, process efficiency and product and process innovation.

Contact Mervin on: mervin.poole@ campdenBbri.co.uk or telephone: +44 1386 842287

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50 | May - June 2014

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The importance of a secure supply chain

W

ith the global population expected to reach nine billion by the year 2050, the question of how to produce food for all those extra mouths is a worrying one for anyone involved in agriculture.

Suppliers of feed and grain to the world’s livestock and animal industry are under immense pressure to not only provide an efficient service, but to ensure that products meet tough safety standards.

While few companies are completely transparent about their supply chain – intense competition makes them wary of disclosing too much – in a market where trust and reliability is a crucial element of business, customers need to see the full picture.

It’s a point that Chris Barnes knows all too well, in his new role as head of supply chain and procurement at pathogen control specialist Anitox.

“Trust is what underpins the client relationship in any business,” says Mr Barnes and the animal feed safety industry is no different.

“Coupled with that is the expectation from key customers, of an ever increasing range of value-added services and innovative products that will improve their feed conversion ratios (FCRs),” adds Mr Barnes.

Supplying clean and safe feed is of paramount importance to businesses in the feed and grain market, especially where animal health is concerned - there is no room for error.

As a specialist in the control of pathogens and microbes in feed, Anitox has to ensure that its products reach customers in the best possible condition, being able to fulfill potential and perform at maximum efficacy.

“In this marketplace your commercial success is dependent on the reliability and performance of your products. Anitox prides itself on its science-backed approach to business, so the challenge is to build a supply system that reflects this principle while building us a reputation as a reliable supply partner.

“In the feed safety industry that kind of reputation is invaluable,” says Mr Barnes.

Understanding demand

Supply excellence starts with a thorough understanding of a company’s clients’ businesses, he explains. That means gathering a full understanding of demand and how it fluctuates – fundamental knowledge if you’re to ensure your product is in the right place at the right time.

“There’s no substitute for this. Neglect it and all confidence will be lost.”

Mr Barnes cites the example of one of the company’s main products, Termin-8.

It’s a feed additive that’s used to eliminate pathogens and microbes from animal feed.

“To reach the intended results and fulfill customer’s expectations, our product must be delivered on time, in a safe and secure manner. Part of the success of our products depends upon a fully-functioning supply chain system, that can guarantee safe passage of our product so that it delivers the results we promise.”

Armed with the knowledge and understanding of a client’s demand profile, forecasting models can identify and highlight occasions when the supply chain might fall short, as well as predicting when product needs to be readily available for despatch.

Planning to match demand is the core of a solid and reliable supply chain model.

Global supplies

Modern global trade means many manufacturing companies are reliant on raw material supply from anywhere in the world, thanks to ever more efficient transportation links.

Of course, while that means costs can be reduced, it brings with it a particular type of risk.

“Price and quality may dictate that you buy your raw materials from halfway across the world,” Mr Barnes acknowledges.

“But the further the product has to travel, the more likely it is that something will go wrong at one point or another.

“In a supply chain role, you’re prepared to expect the unexpected. What is Plan B? “For us, it’s about ensuring there’s always someone else who can supply your most important raw materials at very short notice.

No matter what the problem, or whose fault it was, telling your customer that our supplier let them down simply won’t suffice.

We must be prepared to present alternatives and work on a solution to supply our customer’s needs.”

Supply chain links

It’s inevitable that supply chain links will break from time to time, but the measure of a good company is how well it deals with those situations.

“Demand fluctuation presents us with

our trickiest challenge,” continues Chris, “which results in two problems in particular: over-stocking and short supply time.

“Over-stocking can mean a product is stored for longer than anticipated.

Sometimes that happens in locations that aren’t ideal for long-term, or even mediumterm storage. That can result in product loss and economic losses.

“Meanwhile, short supply creates the opposite problem: an inability to fulfill an order while leaving the customer with a loss of confidence and without the product it needs,” Mr Barnes.

Now that Anitox is in an expansion phase, that brings with it an entirely new set of challenges. Growing size and customer base demands that plans are put in place to stop gaps appearing.

“If you’re moving into new areas, then inevitably it increases the distance between the production base and the customer’s location.

“At Anitox, for example, we have half of our manufacturing sites in North America and yet our customer base is global. By 2020 we expect to be doing more business in Latin America and Asia than the rest of the world put together.

“We’re continually scrutinising our supply chain, to identify and resolve potential risks with our manufacturing set-up. The constant reassessment of potential solutions, whether that’s relocating manufacturing plants, building new ones or looking for alternative sourcing to better supply our wider markets, means we’re always best placed to react to events.”

Creation of new local manufacturing plants can bring huge benefits, creating new business opportunities and increasing consumer confidence by shortening the link in supply – but they’re reliant on having the volume of product flowing into that area.

“By predicting and modeling this type of movement, we can make plans that allow us to secure an efficient supply chain system into the future,” says Mr Barnes.

Whatever the line of business, customer commitment and confidence-building is enhanced through the creation of honest and transparent supply chain models. Not only does it identify potential risks, but it also forces the business to address any problems head-on.

&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

GRAIN

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&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

52 | COMMODITIES

GFMT’s market analyst John Buckley reviews world trading conditions which are impacting the full range of commodities used in food and feed production. His observations will influence your decision-making.

The USDA expects world barley output to drop by about 12.6m tonnes in 2014/15, offset only partially by higher starting stocks (up by about 3.6m tonnes). Main declines are seen within the EU (minus 4m tonens), where less spring barley will be sown, reversing last year’s trend when a lot of spare land was left over from failed winter wheat plantings.

GRAIN

Season of plenty beckons

W

here will wheat prices be in six months time? Will the bellwether CBOT market be lingering in its recent range of $6.50/7.00/bushel - or down to the mid $5’s as some investment bank analysts have recently suggested? Will European milling wheat prices stick with the E200/205/tonne indicated by Paris futures – or reflect the US trend with a 20% decline by end-year?

Much depends on the fruition of recent favourable outlooks for the next world crop. The USDA’s first take on this is for 697m tonnes – 17m less than last year’s, yet still just over estimated consumption (seen down by 6.6m tonnes). FAO/AMIS meanwhile suggests something in the order of 700m-plus while others are even prepared to countenance the possibility of crop close to last year’s record 714m.

It’s early days yet to be too complacent about crops that, apart from India’s, are not yet ripe, let alone ‘in the bins.’ Comfortingly for consumers, though, we might remember that last year’s first forecast from the USDA was about 701m tonnes – 13m lower than it turned out.

The International Grains Council was initially even more pessimistic about 2013 prospects, looking for 680/682 in its early forecasts.

The biggest surprise last year was probably the extent of Canada’s crop increase as amazing yields delivered a record 37.5m tonnes – over 10m more than the previous year. Canada will also be the main component in this year’s anticipated decline. Though much of its predominantly spring-planted crop isn’t even sown yet due to wet, cold weather, the USDA is looking for a drop in production back to the 28.5m tonnes level – accounting for more than half the anticipated decline in the world crop. Lower crops are also expected in Turkey (-3m), Ukraine (-2.3m) and Australia (-1.5m) and smaller producers (a combined 4.5m tonnes). Outside of Canada, though, the biggest fall is in the USA where drought is expected to slash production of its most important export class, hard red winter wheat, and total wheat production is seen dropping by 4.5m tonnes to a ten-year low of just 53.4m.. The US, long the world’s leading wheat exporter (but probably ceding that place to the EU this season), also starts with its

&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

GRAIN

lowest carryover stocks in many years – about 12m less than it began with at the start of this decade.

On the plus side, Argentina – one one of the top 5 exporters - is expected to produce 2m more this year and, provided the government doesn’t interfere too much with export policy, could ship 6.5m tonnes after managing only 1.8m this past season. Apart from Australia (+1m)

and Russia (+800,000 tonnes), most of the other year-on-year changes to prospective export market shares are on the debit side. However, against that, import demand will not reach last year’s record 158.4m tonnes (plus 12m on the previous year) and may instead retreat by about 7m, largely due to smaller requirements from China, Iran and Brazil. Also, we should not forget India’s potential to export an awful lot of low/middling quality wheat. It has probably produced a record/ near record crop for the third year running – about ten million tonnes more than usual, holds enormous stocks and needs only a moderate rise in world prices (and a bit more pro-active approach from the Indian government) to start pouring this into export channels.

The markets have had a fairly volatile two months since our last review. A fairly strong supportive undercurrent has emanated largely from two factors – the poor state of the US hard winter wheat crop and fears that a political meltdown in Ukraine will spark a Russian invasion, disrupt shipping schedules and amid western sanctions and Russian retaliations, create a hole in the assumed supply of wheat and maize exports from this region.

As pointed out in our last review, markets have probably been over-reacting somewhat to this issue. Russia and Ukraine have set a low benchmark for world wheat and maize export prices over recent seasons, diverted much demand away from traditional exporters, especially from the more contested markets of the MENA (middle east/North Africa) region and effectively allowed the EU to have its cake and eat it – i.e. to export record amounts of milling wheat while keeping its own feed consumers satisfied with cheap maize and, to a lesser extent, feed wheat imports. But CIS export campaigns for this season are already on the home stretch and, so far, both have continued to ship out huge amounts of both wheat and maize without disruption (even from the key Ukrainian export port of Odessa when hostilities recently flared there).

While business as usual has continued from the two main CIS

May - June 2014 | 53

suppliers, Europe has also sold off its wheat surpluses freely, benefitting from the relatively firmer wheat prices that have ensued on US and global markets. Canada, as mentioned above, still has a lot of its record crop to sell with March stocks about double last year’s levels with a heavy emphasis of these being held on-farm, rather than in commercial hands.

So far most of the pointers towards 2014 world wheat production are fairly favourable. Even if yields don’t quite match last year’s levels, Russia and Ukraine combined may come close to last year’s bumper 74.4m tonne crop. EU output is expected to rise by at least 1.5m – though, with an early start, plenty of rain and a decent summer, it could gain even more.

Late planting of the US and Canadian spring wheat crops – key components of the global top-quality hard bread wheat supply – does not seem to be over-exercising the trade at the moment. The current view is that most of this grain will get sown to plan while Canada has still has those large stocks from last year’s crop. Australia’s wheat crop, another key quality contributor, is being sown under mostly normal conditions and could be another large one.

Wheat prices as we go to press are at similar levels to this time last year in Chicago and Europe, whereas maize is about 20% cheaper than it was then. Does that mean wheat is over-valued, in feed markets at least, by 20% (as the bank forecasts above seem to imply?).

Perhaps the fact that banks, who have pulled a lot of money out of commodities, especially the ‘agrics’ over the past year are talking grain prices down rather than up – as they so often have in recent years – is an encouraging sign for consumers.

MAIZE surplus on the way It has been a choppy couple of months for maize prices on the leading US market, driven by unhelpful US planting weather and fears that political meltdown in Ukraine might disrupt export shipments from what has recently been the world’s fastest-growing corn supplier.

Yet the US crop is now going in according to plan and the Ukrainian situation – while apparently far from resolution – has not had any significant impact on trade - just as we expected in our last issue.

Further forward, of course, the possibility of political issues turning to military conflict has not gone away. And there remains the nagging question of how a collapsing Ukrainian currency and other factors reducing its use of expensive, largely imported, yield-boosting agrochemicals may deplete yields. Yet sowing of Ukraine’s 2014 crop (and Russia’s) has been going at a rapid clip, much earlier than last year’s crops, which were delayed by a late spring. Planted area will probably be close to last year’s in both countries (maybe even up a bit in Russia, where some spare land was available after wet weather delayed and downsized its winter wheat plantings). The generally favourable outlook was underlined by the first global crop estimates for the coming season from the USDA, suggesting Ukraine at 26m and Russia at 12.5m tonnes. That’s a drop of 4.9m for Ukraine from last year’s record harvest but still far more than it normally produces (10-20m) and it also has an unusually large carryover stock of 3.4m

&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

54 | COMMODITIES

tonnes to supplement its exportable supplies. Russia’s crop forecast, meanwhile, is almost 1m tonnes bigger than last year’s. USDA has the two countries’ combined export potential at 19.5m tonnes – only 3m less than last year’s peak and compared with only 6-10m normally.

It could even go higher if yields have been under-estimated – which they may be, given the favourable weather both are currently enjoying.

Overall the USDA’s first take on the 2014/15 season for maize (starting September 1) promises abundant global supplies, well in excess of demand, leading to steep growth in global and, especially US, carryout stocks by September 2015.

The all-important US crop is currently forecast almost unchanged from last year’s at around 354m tonnes. That figure could go higher still if the US plants more than the 91.7m acres that USDA forecasts (down from 2013’s 95.4m due to lower prices) which some think possible given the amount of land that went unsown after a wet spring.

The rationale is that the US actually has far more acres to divide up this year, allowing it to expand soyabeans, as it plans, without taking so much away from maize, their main rival for land. The main obstacle to maize sowing has been wet, cold weather which has been overcome in the main Corn Belt but left some northern states lagging. Farmers running up against last planting dates for crop insurance may turn to soyabeans, which can be sown later but our sources suggest that, at most that would affect about 1m acres. As we went to press, though about 88% of the crop was in the ground and amid plentiful moisture

GRAIN

revised up this season to a record 13m tonnes and seen repeating that in 2014/15. It’s interesting to note that, at the star t of this season, EU maize impor ts were expected to drop from 2011/12’s 11.4m to just 7m tonnes. Overall, though, global corn impor t trade is seen slightly lower next season, another restraint on prices.

Despite China using more, foreseen global consumption of corn at 966m tonnes still lags forecast total fresh supplies, leading to stocks rising by over 13m tonnes globally and by almost 15m in the US. These figures will also work against higher corn prices and if the wheat market starts to lose its current large price premium to maize, that could put the latter grain under further downward pressure. The current futures market projection for corn a year hence is similar to spot prices – just under $5/bu or about $185-190/tonne. With recent new crop offers by the CIS countries and by Brazil and Argentina undercutting the US, corn could get cheaper than this before 2014 is over.

Other feedgrains

and rapidly warming weather, has a good shot at achieving the USDA’s fairly high ‘trendline’ yield forecast of 165.3bu/acre.

The past season’s demand for US maize, export and domestic, is estimated to finish at 346m tonnes while next season’s total offtake is forecast at 340m. That should allow carryover stocks (at September 2015) to rise from an already comfortable 29m to 44m tonnes or more. Other main crop changes for maize (versus last season’s) include 2m more for Argentina offset by 1m less for Brazil. Both will carry in large stocks so their exports are actually seen higher at a combined 38.5m tonnes versus last year’s 31m. That would significantly outweigh the expected smaller Ukrainian crop.

The world’s second largest maize producer and consumer, China, is also expected to make its usual annual increment to production, though, so far, this is estimated at only about 2.3m tonnes versus the 12-14m jumps that characterized the past few years. Overall, world output – like the USA’s – is seen identical to the past season’s 979m tonnes.

A forecast rise of 17m tonnes in maize consumption is spread over a large number of nations on the basis that corn - which is still 20% cheaper than it was this time last year – will continue to expand custom at the expensive of relatively less attractively-priced feed wheat. The outstanding growth factor, though is China, seen boosting its consumption by 10m tonnes to a new record 222m. That’s broadly in line with China’s average annual growth trends over the past few years but importantly, most of this is coming out of China’s own domestic crop. Moreover, China will continue to hold massive reserve stocks of corn – USDA sees these around 79m tonnes – slightly larger than this year’s carry-in stocks, 11m more than in 2012/13 and a staggering 27m more than it was estimated to hold five years ago.

China is currently auctioning these off – which seems to put the lid on last year’s theories that China would provide a bonanza 10m tonnes or more of import custom for US and other exporters. In fact, the USDA sees China’s imports from all sources dropping to 3m tonnes and has also revised down this season’s total to 4.5m.

The other key factor for maize is Europe’s own import demand,

The USDA expects world barley output to drop by about 12.6m tonnes in 2014/15, offset only partially by higher starting stocks (up by about 3.6m tonnes). Main declines are seen within the EU (minus 4m tonens), where less spring barley will be sown, reversing last year’s trend when a lot of spare land was left over from failed winter wheat plantings. Among the other big traditional suppliers of barley, lower plantings and a retreat from last year’s above trend yields are also expected to reduce Canada’s crop by 3m tonnes and Australia’s by 1m although Russia’s crop is seen about 700,000 tonnes higher.

Barley consumption is expected top drop by about 3m tonnes, two-thirds of that fall within the EU, where it loses out to plentiful maize and feed wheat, the rest mainly in Canada and Australia. Given the much smaller crop, that will not prevent stocks declining by about 6m tonnes to their lowest for some years. Whether that will generate any independent strength in barley prices is uncertain as the main consumption outlet in the livestock sector remains vulnerable to competition from other, probably cheaper feed grains. Also global barley import trade is seen remaining flat at around 20m tonnes.

Sorghum area is seen similar to last year’s but yields could improve with better weather in several regions, adding about 2m tonnes to the world total. Demand is expected to grow to absorb that, especially in China, where it has been replacing US GM maize but not much change is expected in world carryover stocks and the price outlook, tied to cheaper corn is seen lower overall.

&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

GRAIN

May - June 2014 | 55

Oilmeal outlook Oilmeal/protein supplies are looking fantastic for the year ahead as the top soyabean producers again head for record crops (chart).

Overall world production is seen advancing by about 16m tonnes to nudge 300m for the first time ever, largely due to the US (+9.4m) and Brazil (+3.5m). Together with Argentina, these countries will have expanded their contribution by a staggering 30m tonnes over just two years.

reflected in forward soya meal prices that are already quoted nearly 20% cheaper than spot. Of course, we still have to see what the northern hemisphere summer and Latin America’s later planting weather brings before counting these crops in the silos. But it is certainly an encouraging start.

KEY FACTORS AHEAD - WHEAT • World wheat stocks will grow, despite a lower crop as consumption falls too • World wheat trade is seen declining from this season’s record high • India may step up its exports – it certainly has plenty of wheat to spare • Canada has large unsold, old crop stocks • Wheat feeding levels and wheat value will be under further pressure from new crop maize, especially within the EU. • Political instability in Ukraine might yet affect its new crop marketing • Will an El Nino bring dry weather to Australia?

COARSE GRAINS Global crush on the other hand is only expected to advance by about 9.5m tonnes for the second year running, resulting in carryout stocks piling up for a third year to a new record 82m tonnes by September 2015. The lion’s share of stock accumulation will be in the USA, in sharp contrast to the past two years of extremely tight endseason stocks after heavy export campaigns. The carryover should provide a formidable anchor on CBOT soyabean futures prices and the world market. So should the record crops in South America as it undercuts US prices. Most of the demand growth is again in China (crush +4.1m tonnes).

With Canadian rapeseed, Ukrainian sunflowerseed and the global cottonseed crop expected to contract slightly, soya will effectively enlarge its share of the world oilmeal market to about 68%, allowing it exert its downward price pressures across the board. That’s already

• The maize market expects another season of plenty, led by stock growth within the USA – still far and away the world’s largest supplier of this grain • Large Brazilian and CIS crops for a third year running will make for continuing brisk export competition, keeping prices under downward pressure • The EU will probably see its third season of massive maize imports, weighing on internal feedgrain prices – not least feed wheat • China – as warned in our last issue – is releasing some of its own huge stocks, cutting its import needs.

OILMEALS/PROTEINS • Big US and LatAm crop surpluses will continue to set the backdrop for cheapening meal supplies – even as production of competing oilseeds retreats slightly

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Dust Explosions - How to demonstrate DSEAR/ATEX Compliance The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK Contact: Caroline Chapman +44 20 8331 8646 Wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.uk http://www.bulksolids.com

XV International Grain Round "Grain market - yesterday, today, tomorrow" Kempinski Grand Hotel Gelendzhik, Gelendzhik, 353461 Russia Contact: Anna Gerasimova Tel: +7 (495)607 82 85 ext. 124 Email: gaa@grun.ru. http://www.grun.ru/en

Focus on Solid Waste: Handling, Feeding and Storage of Solid Waste Materials The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK Contact: Caroline Chapman Tel: +44 20 8331 8646 Email: wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.uk http://www.bulksolids.com

Ildex Myanmar Yangon, Myanmar Contact: Ms. Nathaporn Vasinyont Tel: +662 670 0900 ext. 109 Email: nathaporn.vas@vnuexhibitionsap.com http://www.ildex.com

23rd - 25th September 14

23rd Annual IGC Grains Conference The Tower Hotel, Tower Bridge, London, UK Contact: International Grains Council Tel: +44 20 7513 1122 Email: conf@igc.int or igc@igc.int http://www.igc.int/en/conference/confhome.aspx

VIV China New China International Exhibition Center (NCIEC), Hall West 1 and 2, 88 Yu Xiang Road, Tianzhu Area, Shunyi district, Beijing, China Contact: Ms Ma Jing (Suzy) Tel: +86 10 649 80 454 Email: ma.jing@vip.163.com http://bit.ly/18fJmPi

18th - 19th June 14

5th - 8th October 14

10 June 14

Risks in Agri Trading: Emerging Markets Summit 2014 Geneva, Switzerland Contact: Jessica Jonah Tel: +44 207 490 4332 Email: jessicaj@irn-international.com http://www.agritradingrisks.com

18th - 20th June 14

2014 AACC International Annual Meeting Providence, Rhode Island, USA Contact: Rhonda Willkie Tel: +1 651 454 7250 Email: rwilkie@scisoc.org http://bit.ly/130zc1N

7th - 9th October 14

Indo Livestock Jakarta, Indonesia Contact: Ms. Devi Ardiatne Tel: +62 21 864 4756 ext. 85 Email: info@indolivestock.com http://bit.ly/17OZgBj

Oilseed & Grain Trade Summit Hyatt Regency, 601 Loyola Ave, New Orleans, LA 70113, USA Contact: Michelle Marshall Tel: +1 978 887 8800 Email: mmarshall@highquestpartners.com http://www.oilseedgrain.com

26th - 27th June 14

15th - 17th October 14

2014 Asian Starch Conference No.2345 Longyang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201204, China Contact: Ashley Lin Tel: +86 021 33392322 Email: ashley.lin@ubmsinoexpo.com http://bit.ly/1hFFC1i

Vietstock 2014 Saigon Exhibition and Convention Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Contact: Ms.Duangcheewan Jaikla Tel: +6626426911 Email: Duangcheewan.j@ubm.com o http://www.vietstock.org

See our coverage of VIV Europe on page 58

15th - 16th October 14

65th JTIC International - The Milling and Cereal Industry Meeting, Reims, France Contact: Nelly Duprat Tel: +33 01 4707 2069 Email: aemic@wanadoo.fr http://www.jtic.eu

21st - 23rd October 14

28th - 30th October 14

AgroExpoSiberia Novosibirsk Expo Centre Stantsionnaya Street , 104 630071, Novosibirsk, Russia Contact: Nadja Mazko Tel: +49622113 57 15 Email: n.mazko@ifw-expo.com http://www.ifw-expo.com

4th - 5th November 14

Overview of Particulate Handling Technology The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK Contact: Caroline Chapman Tel: +44 20 8331 8646 Email: wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.uk http://www.bulksolids.com

Biomass Handling, Feeding and Storage The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK Contact: Caroline Chapman Tel: +44 20 8331 8646 Email: wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.uk http://www.bulksolids.com

27th - 29th October 14

Eurotier Messegel채nde Hannover, Germany Contact: Heinzbert Mies Tel: +49 69 24788 204 Email: h.mies@DLG.org http://www.eurotier.com

GLOBALG.A.P. SUMMIT 2014 Abu Dhabi, Jumeirah at Etihad Towers Contact: Nina Kretschmer Tel: +49 221 579 93 693 Email: summit@globalgap.org http://www.summit2014.org

11th - 14th November 14

GET YOUR EVENTS ON THE GO For more event information, visit our Events Register at: www.gfmt.co.uk/ events.php Or find up to date event information on your mobile with our web app. Visit www. perendale.com on your device

Gra n Afr ca AFRICA GRAIN, PULSES AND TECHNOLOGIES CONGRESS & EXPO

We are meeting in AFRICA for THE FUTURE OF THE WORLD

29-30-31 October 2014

African Union Conference Hall - Addis Ababa / ETHIOPIA ORGANIZERS: AFRICAN UNION

FDR ETHIOPIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

PARANTEZ CONGRESS

www.grainafrica.org

SUPPORTING FOUNDATIONS: - T.R. Ministry of Foreign AямАairs Embassy of Addis Ababa

- Pan African Chamber of Commerce

- Africulture Platform

58 | EVENTS

EVENTS EVENTS EVENTS EVENTS EVENTS EVENTS EVENTS EVENTS EVENTS EVENTS

VIV had the WOW factor 20th - 22nd May

V

IV Europe, at the Jaarbeurs e x p o s i t i o n ce n t re i n Utrecht, The Netherlands, exceeded all expectations. And the show was specifically tailored to give the visitor a unique experience.

CropTech-FeedTech at VIV Europe 2014

O

n the second day of VIV Europe 2014, the Quest Room hosted a successful 90 minute CropTechFeedTech debate. Over 50 attendees joined together with four highly qualified speakers to debate ‘Digital Trends and Technology in Milling’.

T h e f i r s t s p e a ke r, K a r e l Vervaet from Adifo spoke on the developments in the feed formulation software, Bestmix.

This based on detailed analysis of recipes and the future of realtime changes at the point of need. The powerful software has a critical role to play with qucik raw materials analysis, overall production and that new lots can be optimised according to the customer's own needs.

The second speaker was Henri Michels, Technical and Commercial Director of Dinnissen. Innovation of raw materials processing for feed was his focus. Henri looked at dif ferent feed materials, even insects and algae, and how research and development was starting to reflect processes to accommodate a new generation of animal feeds in a reliable and safe way.

Dinnissen's goal is to process feeds with higher levels of vitamins, quality and sustainability.

The Netherlands has recently founded a Feed Design Lab in Wanssum and Dinnissen is a founding member, and aims to work with others and benefit from sharing know-how and ideas, as well as their expertise to create even better processes for raw materials, animal feed, petfood and even food products.

The third speaker was Thomas

Four years on and following the widespread disappointment caused by of the Icelandic volcanic ‘ash cloud’, this show was at a cross roads – would the intensive livestock industries respond positively?

The work done around the world over the past two years or so, holding road shows, regional expos and other meetings by the VIV team culminated in what proved to be in May, a huge success.

Jorgensen from Source Technolog y, a subsidiary of Wenger.

In-line sampling and analysis for feed and food extrusion forms a minority part of the overall business today, Source Technology hope to change that.

Digital and automated in-line sampling systems can eliminating human error within the process.

In addition, protein, moisture and more can be analysed and the production process altered thereby changing and improving the physical product in real time.

Bulk densit y, product size, moisture, par ticle size, fat absorption, floating or sinking ability (for fish feed), can all be analysed using different sensors or devices and all done in-line.

Fluctuation levels are much lower with in-line analysis - plus or minus one to five percent - when compared to 20 percent with manual analysis systems.

Finally, Paul Koolen of Selko Feed Additives (a Nutreco company) spoke last on Food and Feed Mill Efficiency.

Selko's innovations are seen at a both microscopic level within the feed, and on a higher level with the equipment, software, laboratory services. Developing simple technologies without requiring large capital investments, especially for developing parts of the world, is necessary.

The speaker panel draw together concluding remarks through a quick-fire debate, with discussion highlighting joint needs to control process accuracy with those controls as close as possible to the process itself.

Around 25 minutes of questions from attendees, from countries such as Egypt and Morocco, rounded off a very successful CropTech-FeedTech event.

VIV was back with a bigger bang than before and with a new ‘wow’ factor.

It was the experience VIV turned on for visitors that made this show uniquely different. Right from crossing the road to the Jaarbeurs side of the steet, the visitor could detect something different. A blue carpet stretched right from the cycle path and along its 200-metre length were sharply attired young ladies in blue uniforms welcoming visitors individually.

The registration area was filled with music and low level lighting along with high-level tulips in their multitude of colours.

Registration was easy t o ne got i at e w i t h v i si t or information, wardrobe and restaurant/bar all in this central area at the heart of which was the round VIP meeting and dining area which has tasteful seethrough curtain walls. A display of unique industry equipment was showcased for those who wanted to relax a little and take in the atmosphere before getting down to business.

Inside the halls which split off from the main entrance and the wide corridors made negotiating the exposition a pleasure for visitors even when the peak times were reached.

The animal feed and nutrition halls were packed with visitors throughout the first two days and only relaxed on the third.

At all times there were quality visitors walking past exhibitor booths.

20,000 visitors was the total target and with credit to the organisers, it was indeed met and surpassed: a total of 20,214 was achieved over the three-day period.

One of the organisers, Niek Reichgelt, director of research and development international at VNU Exhibitions Europe, described to GFMT why he was satisfied and considered the event a major success.

What impressed him most was that the attendance from developing regions of the world which made up 43.5 percent of all visitors.

The demographics of visitors includes Eastern Europe, Middle East, South America, Central America, Africa and Asia.

The domestic and local markets were best represented and the industry sectors (from highest to lowest) of: poultry, pork, beef,

dairy and fish & seafood were all represented.

In addition over a third of all visitors had concrete investment and buying purposes for attending.

A not her impressive result , particularly for this magazine, was the number of exhibitors displaying products and services targeted at the animal feed sector, including grain and raw material processing equipment.

Our sector gained the highest interest rate of all, at 42.6 percent, from a visitor survey.

As with any show, you had to be there to get the best from it. But on this occasion VIV surpassed expect ations and may even have changed the way visitors are treated by other competing events. At all times the visor experience as paramount in the eyes of the organisers – even as we left the event back down the blue carpet we were greeted with thank you’s from the uniformed girls and given gifts of candy and snacks as we departed.

A night to remember

The festivities began the night before the opening day.

The re-designed ‘Supernova’ suite of conference rooms, above the exhibition halls caste a very futuristic atmosphere of space and travel. The main meeting hall, itself round played the centre piece to the VIP cocktail reception, an event sponsored by Rabobank.

Three different speakers and ad d re s s i n g t h re e d i f f e re n t subjects from a unique 360 degree podium with four screens gave the audience an experience to savour.

Again it was about the visitor experience and Ruwan Burcelo, the event ’s manager beg an proceedings and set the scene saying there were achievable goals to learn from both within and outside the industry.

The f irst speaker, Dr A alt Dijk huize n from R abob ank g ave a f a scin at ing t alk on ‘High-productive and efficient agriculture: a sustainable approach?’ Not only were the subjects topical – and which GFMT will report on in following issues – but the opportunity to network with the movers and shakers of the industry from around the world unique.

The finale was from a group of singers and Mr Burcelo closed the event with flowers for all speakers.

&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

GRAIN

May - June 2014 | 59

Anitox launches Finio at VIV Europe

R

ick Phillips, CEO and P re s id e n t a n d P i e t e r Wolleswinkel, Commercial Director for EMEA, launched Anitox’s new pathogen control additive for feed, Finio, at VIV Europe. Tom Blacker of GFMT magazine was lucky enough to be invited to the product launch.

Rick Phillips described the launch as “a very exciting moment for Anitox, as we have spent a lot of time in our laboratory researching a nd d eve l o p i ng Fi n io". H e explained, “poultry production around the world is changing and changing fast. Affordability and affluence is increasing, and as a result people are asking for more animal protein, which is good news for our industry - it means our industry is growing.

H oweve r, i t d o e s p re se n t challenges. Customers demand safe foods. They are well informed and asking some very specific questions about the source and safety of the foods they feed their families. Questions such as:

where has it come from? How was it produced? Was it grown under environmentally friendly conditions?”

“Today, feeding rations free from harmful pathogens should be routine; it should be standard operating procedure. In order to produce animal proteins under a comprehensive food safety programme you must be able to demonstrate that feed has been treated to control harmful pathogens. Feed is a fomite for infections in live production.

Pathogens in feed undoubtedly affect food safety, but they also impact on the animal itself, affecting the intestinal health of the bird's performance and profitability.

Mr Phillips, who is a veterinarian by training, talked about the increasing efficiency with which the poultry sector converts cereal grains into animal protein. “We are blessed with this very efficient animal - the chicken – and with geneticists who, through breeding, provide us with high performing

birds capable of converting grain to meat very efficiently. Today demands on the intestinal tract is extreme, and the impact as a result of the presence of pathogens is increasingly significant.”

“The challenge for the poultry industr y is both simple and complex. Consumers want af fordable animal protein produced safely, sustainably and without compromising welfare.

As an industry we must meet that challenge and, at the same time deliver profitability and ensure the reinvestment necessar y to continue to advance our knowledge, skills and services.

“As Einstein once said, 'the world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking. So, at Anitox, we listened to what our customers were telling us and asking of us, and we went back to the drawing board. We asked our scientists to develop a product capable of reducing the pathogen load in feed and keeping that load low

throughout the journey from mill to on-farm feeder. And we asked them to deliver that without relying on formaldehyde so that producers operating in challenging regulatory environments can access the same high quality feeds as those in markets where formaldehyde remains an option.

Anitox confirmed that customers in Belgium, Italy and Taiwan are already using Finio. Mr Phillips vowed that Anitox will continue to “increase our footprint around the world”.

Get all the latest event info on your smart phone, with our event register.

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VIV China 2014 September 23-25, 2014 | Beijing, China

REGISTER NOW for FREE entrance at www.viv.net

The international Feed-to-Meat platform for mainland China

&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

60 | May - June 2014

The

interview

GRAIN

Nigel Bennett, secretary, nabim

In this issue we talk to the secretary of nabim - Nigel Bennett. nabim has three principle functions to promote the flour milling industry's views to government, parliamentarians, regulators, the media and other interested bodies; to improve the understanding of the operational requirements of the flour milling sector; to provide information and advice to its members on a wide range of subjects affecting flour milling.

How old is nabim and why was it first established? nabim was founded in 1878. A meeting of leading millers had been called on 11 April that year with the express purpose of discussing and creating a national association.

Agreement was duly reached and the inaugural meeting of nabim was held on 27 April 1878. The association’s main object was the advancement of common interests by legitimate means, including the collection of technical, practical and commercial information, largely related to the spread of rollermilling across Europe.

How important was the 1880 exhibition in London to the development of the industry and the association?

This exhibition, the first major event organised by nabim, is credited with being the catalyst in promoting the British roller revolution of 1885-95.

1891 saw Joseph Rank open, in Hull, the most advanced roller mill in Britain, and other large port mills also switched to rollermilling.

Between 1878 and 1900, it is estimated that the number of mills in Britain fell from 10,000 to 2,000.

What is the key role of the association today and does it have international role to play?

The association’s aims and objectives have not changed much since 1917, the year of its incorporation and first articles. To promote the interests of the UK flour milling industry by: establishing the industry’s needs and communicating them to all relevant parts of the supply chain; anticipating, monitoring and influencing legislative and trade developments through effective relationships with policy-makers and others in London, Brussels and further afield; advancing the highest possible standards of training and health and safety; identifying technological needs and investing in research when best conducted on a collective basis; promoting a positive image for the industry and its products; sourcing and supplying sound information to members on factors affecting sectoral competitiveness; and acting as a forum for discussion on all legitimate issues affecting the industry’s competitiveness. nabim is very active within the European Flour Millers Association (EFM) and recently hosted, in Edinburgh, its biannual Congress. We are a major presence on EFM’s Technical Committee which is of increasing importance as the European Commission seeks to regulate extensively on food safety matters. Meanwhile, global relationships are maintained with, for example, North American wheat growers.

How has the UK flour milling industry changed over the years?

I suppose the key difference is in the number of milling companies.

During the first half of the twentieth century the number fell from around 2,000 to 200 (running about 500 mills). Today there are just 30 or so milling companies in the UK, operating around 50 mills. Key milestones? 1939 – Government takes over all flour mills to achieve maximum production. 1946 – Bread rationing introduced. 1953 – Milling industry decontrolled. 1973 - UK entry into the European Union, a driver in the milling industry working

with farmers and breeders to increase the amount of UK wheat that can be used for milling. 1998 – demise of Spillers Milling, one of the ‘big three’ milling companies.

Can you give us some basic statistics of the industry?

Each year, the UK flour milling industry produces around 5m tonnes of flour, from over 7m tonnes of wheat. In the early 1970s, around 30% of the wheat used by UK millers was grown in the UK. Nowadays, that figure is closer to 85% (though 2012 was an exception because of the worst UK harvest on record).

Is training a key role in the association's activities?

Not only does training feature in nabim’s aims and objectives but the industry sees nabim’s distance learning programme (the correspondence courses) as the bedrock of milling training – and has done so for a century or more. The industry provides the tutors and examiners, vital to the success of a programme that is ‘developed by millers, delivered by millers, for millers’. The learning material is kept up-to-date; students are provided with expert support; and retained knowledge and understanding is assessed by formal written examination.

How wide-ranging is that training both in terms of learning and in geographical reach?

Our training programme provides a comprehensive overview of the milling industry and process, covering everything from health and safety to quality assurance, from debranning to bulk outloading. Hundreds of students from around the world enrol for the courses each year. A more ‘exclusive’ programme is the Advanced Milling Diploma, run every three years in partnership with CampdenBRI and the Buhler Training Centre in Switzerland. nabim is also engaged in providing resources to support its member companies’ training and development in everything from practical skills to personal and management development.

What is the future for nabim?

Bright – provided we can continue to engage with the whole industry and enjoy their commitment in terms of both finance and time.

What are the challenges the industry faces today?

How long have you got?

Here are four: Misinformation on the nutritional and health value of flour products. The need to maintain sufficient supplies of milling quality wheat. Increased regulatory intervention often based on the development of more sensitive tests to detect contaminants in food. Competitive pressures in the multiple retail sector with implications for its supply chain.

This interview is also on the Global Miller blog at http://gfmt.blogspot.co.uk

"nabim was founded

3

in 1878. A meeting of leading millers had been called on 11 April that year with the express purpose of discussing and creating a national association"

Elevator & Conveyor Components 4B Braime +44 113 246 1800 www.go4b.com

Enzymes

Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - in association with our sister publication The International Milling Directory

Airlocks

Ab Vista +44 1672 517 650 www.abvista.com

Certification Unormak

+31703074120

www.unormak.com.tr

R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com Romer Labs +43 2272 6153310 www.romerlabs.com

Amino acids

+1 450 799 2000

GMP+ International

+90 332 2391016

Analysis

JEFO

www.gmpplus.org

www.jefo.com

Equipment for sale ExtruTech Inc

Conveyors

+1 785 284 2153

Vigan Enginnering +32 67 89 50 41 www.vigan.com

www.extru-techinc.com

Extruders

Colour sorters

Almex +31 575 572666

B端hler AG

www.almex.nl

+41 71 955 11 11

Evonik

www.buhlergroup.com

Andritz

+49 618 1596785

Satake

+45 72 160300

www.evonik.com

+81 82 420 8560

Animal Health & Nutrition Cenzone

www.andritz.com

www.satake-group.com

Dinnissen BV

Computer software

+31 77 467 3555

+1 760 736 9901

Adifo NV

www.dinnissen.nl

www.cenzone.com

+32 50 303 211

Insta-Pro International

www.adifo.com

+1 515 254 1260

M端hlenchemie GmbH & Co KG

Cultura Technologies Limited

www.insta-pro.com

+49 4102 202 001

+44 1257 231011

www.muehlenchemie.de

www.culturatech.com

Bakery improvers

JS Conwell +64 21 043 1027

Format International Ltd

Bags Mondi Group +43 1 79013 4917 www.mondigroup.com Peter Marsh Group +44 151 9221971 www.petermarsh.co.uk

Bin dischargers Denis +33 2 37 97 66 11 www.denis.fr

Bulk storage Bentall Rowlands +44 1724 282828 www.bentallrowlands.com Chief Industries UK Ltd +44 1621 868944 www.chief.co.uk Croston Engineering +44 1829 741119 www.croston-engineering.co.uk Silo Construction Engineers +32 51723128 www.sce.be

+44 1483 726081 www.formatinternational.com

www.jscextrusion.com

Feed processing

Colour sorters

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21

SEA S.r.l.

www.ottevanger.com

+39 054 2361423 www.seasort.com

Wynveen

Coolers & driers

+31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Consergra s.l +34 938 772207 www.consergra.com FrigorTec GmbH +49 7520 91482-0 www.frigortec.com Geelen Counterflow +31 475 592315 www.geelencounterflow.com Famsun (formerly Muyang)

Flour Rank Hovis +44 1494 428000 www.rankhovis.com

Grain handling systems Cargotec Sweden Bulk Handling AB +46 42 85802 www.cargotec.com

+86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

Elevator buckets

Silos Cordoba

Alapala

+34 957 325 165

+90 212 465 60 40

www.siloscordoba.com

www.alapala.com

TSC Silos

Tapco Inc

+31 543 473979

+1 314 739 9191

www.tsc-silos.com

www.tapcoinc.com

Westeel

STIF

+1 204 233 7133

+33 2 41 72 16 80

www.westeel.com

www.stifnet.com

Cimbria A/S +45 96 17 90 00 www.cimbria.com

Hammermills B端hler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Genc Degirmen +90 332 444 0894 www.gencdegirmen.com.tr Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

Wynveen International B.V. +31 26 47 90 699

NIR systems

www.wynveen.com Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 532 5265627 www.yemtar.com

Filip GmbH

+49 6227 732668

+49 5241 29330

www.nir-online.de

www.filip-gmbh.com

Packaging

Genc Degirmen CB Packaging

+86 21 64188282

www.cbpackaging.com

www.zhengchang.com

Mondi Group

Kepler Weber Group

+43 1 79013 4917

+55 11 4873-0300

www.mondigroup.com

www.kepler.com.br

+49 203 7788 0

www.fine-tek.com

K

www.symaga.com Tornum AB

Akzo Nobel

+46 512 29100

+46 303 850 00

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Borregaard LignoTech

www.vega.com/uk

+47 69 11 80 00

Temperature monitoring Agromatic +41 55 2562100

www.lignotechfeed.com

www.agromatic.com

Pest control

Dol Sensors

+49 5422 95030

Rentokil Pest Control

+45 721 755 55

www.neuero.de

+44 0800 917 1987

www.dol-sensors.com

www.rentokil.co.uk

Pipe systems

www.buhlergroup.com GAME Engineering Ltd

CY

+34 91 726 43 04

www.payper.com

+44 1444 870055

+41 71 955 11 11

MY

+34 973 21 60 40

Vega

Buhler AG

CM

Symaga

www.bredol.com

Mill design & installation

CMY

PAYPER, S.A.

Pelleting aids

+886 2226 96789

Y

www.mysilo.com

www.ehcolo.com

www.binmaster.com

M

+90 382 266 2245

+45 75 398411

+1 402 434 9102

C

MYSILO

Ehcolo A/S

BinMaster Level Controls

Neuero Industrietechnik

www.obial.com.tr

Palletisers

Level measurement

Loading equipment

+90 382 2662120

www.ugurmakina.com

www.brabender.com

FineTek Co., Ltd

Obial

+90 (364) 235 00 26

www.bastak.com.tr Brabender

Silos

Ugur Makina

+90 312 395 67 87

07:18:17

www.gencdegirmen.com.tr

+44 7805 092067

Bastak

9/11/12

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Zheng Chang

Laboratory equipment

Game Engineering logo FINAL.pdf

Sifters

NIR-Online

+44 1522 868021 www.game-engineering.com Gazel Degirmen Makinalari +90 364 2549630 www.gazelmakina.com

+44 2074 932521

+49 571 9580

www.nabim.org.uk

Used around

all industrial Process control sectors.

Suffolk Automation

Fr. Jacob Sรถhne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu

Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu+44

1473 829188

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Recruitment JCB Consulting +44 161 427 2402

+81 82 420 8560

www.jcb-consulting.com

www.satake-group.com IMAS - Milleral

nabim

Jacob Sohne www.jacob-pipesystems.eu

Satake

Training

Rolls

Valves +1 785 825 7177 vortex@vortexvalves.com www.vortexvalves.com Rota Val Ltd +44 1249 651138 www.rotaval.co.uk

Vibratory equipment Mogensen Raw Materials Handling +44 1476 566301

+90 332 2390141

Leonhard Brietenbach

www.mogensen.co.uk

www.milleral.com

+49 271 3758 0

Vibrafloor

www.breitenbach.de

+33 3 85 44 06 78

Moisture analyzers

OJ Hojtryk

CHOPIN Technologies

+45 7514 2255

+33 14 1475045 www.chopin.fr Doescher & Doescher GmbH +49 4087976770 www.doescher.com Hydronix +44 1483 468900 www.hydronix.com

www.oj-hojtryk.dk

www.vibrafloor.com

Weighing equipment Parkerfarm Weighing Systems

Roll fluting

+44 1246 456729 Fundiciones Balaguer, S.A. +34 965564075 www.balaguer-rolls.com

Safety equipment Rembe

www.parkerfarm.com

Yeast products Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030 www.leibergmbh.de

+49 2961 740 50 Seedburo +1 312 738 3700 www.seedburo.com

www.rembe.com

Second hand equipment Sanderson Weatherall +44 161 259 7054 www.sw.co.uk

To include your company in both the Grain & Feed Milling Technology market place, and The International Milling Directory, contact: Tom Blacker +44 1242 267700 โ ข tomb@perendale.co.uk

&FEED MILLING TECHNOLOGY

PEOPLE

64 | May - June 2014

GRAIN

INDUSTRY FACES

Oro Agri strengthens its communications Oro Agri Inc, a global leader in agricultural adjuvants, has announced the appointment of Rich Fedigan as its Marketing Manager for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) countries.

In this newly created position, Rich will be responsible for the marketing and communications of the company’s complete range of products in the US, Canada and Mexico.

“The company has undergone recent strong growth which has made it necessary to add this new marketing position,” said Riley Reynolds, sales manager, at Oro Agri Inc. “With annual product sales having increased by more than 30 percent each year over the past few years, it is vital Rich Fedigan that the marketing and communication efforts are also expanded and developed. Rich’s extensive experience in the agricultural industry provides us with the senior level management and leadership that we need to ensure continued and sustained growth in the market place.”

Mr Fedigan’s career in sales and marketing includes positions with both agricultural product manufacturers and agencies. Most recently, he was director of marketing communications with Marrone Bio Innovations. Previously he has worked for Reinke, Bayer ES and Monsanto.

He holds degrees in agricultural economics from Ohio State University and Penn State University.

New operation manager at Biorigin Aiming to promote an even higher integration between its business units and keeping the commitment with total traceability all throughout the production chain, Biorigin now has a new operations manager for its Brazilian Unit, César Augusto Porto Martins.

Mr Martins has 17 years of experience in process, production and development of products in large companies in the food and packing industries. He began work at Zilor (Biorigin´s mother company) in 2004 as an industrial processes specialist and in 2007 he took charge of operations management of the UBG Plant, specializing in sugar and ethanol.

At Biorigin Mr Martins will be responsible for managing Biorigin’s Pure Culture Plant, as well as its Sugar and Ethanol César Martins Plant, both located at Quatá, Brazil.

César has a master’s degree in chemical engineering, focusing on research and development of chemical processes at the Universidade Federal de São Carlos (Brazil) and International Executive MBA in Business Management by Fundação Getúlio Vargas (Brazil).

McLain named CEO & President of Garner Industries

Scott McLain

Garner Industries of Lincoln, Nebraska, US has announced the promotion of Scott McLain to Chief Executive Officer & President of Garner Industries.

Scott is a graduate of Nebraska Wesleyan University and joined the company in 1992, having served as President since 2000 in progressive roles managing the company’s sales, marketing and manufacturing operations. This promotion recognises Scott’s experience developing and leading Garner Industries to substantial growth by expanding sales, executing investments in infrastructure, and implementing disciplined cost management.

Steve Harris retires from Meriden After over 40 years in the industry, Steve Harris, founder and Managing Director of Meriden Animal Health, has retired from the business.

Since selling the company in March 2012, Meriden Animal Health has continued to grow sales and successfully meet the needs of the many loyal customers who believe in both the company and its products.

Mr Harris spearheaded the development of the pioneering phytobiotic product, Orego-Stim. The first natural product of it's kind, Orego-Stim has become a global success and a key product in the animal health industry. The success of Meriden Animal Health was further bolstered by the development of the Fusion Feed Safety Range, tackling the Steve Harris ever-growing issue of mycotoxins in animal feed.

As the founder of the company and the brains behind this ground-breaking product, Steve will be missed by his dedicated team of staff and the many friends he has made in the industry. However, he is now moving on to a new chapter of his life which will clearly be just as successful.

New Honorary Member of FEFAC Mr Marek Kumprecht has been elected 'Honorary Member' on the occasion of the 57th Annual General Meeting of the European Feed Manufacturers’ Federation (FEFAC) in Liège. The FEFAC General Assembly made the election for his exceptional dedication and personal commitment to expand regional cooperation and membership in Central and Eastern European countries for the benefit of the European feed industry.

He convinced the Czech feed industry to become the first FEFAC member from the new EU candidate countries in 2000. He organised the ground-breaking EU TAIEX/FEFAC workshop for all EU candidate countries in Prague in 2002, opening a series of 15 bilateral and regional workshops on EU feed safety legislation resulting in membership applications of 12 national feed associations from the new EU Member States, EU candidate and neighbouring countries. His inimitable personal style blending highest professional ethics and diplomatic skills, seasoned with a good dose of Czech humour, have made him the perfect ambassador helping to reshape FEFAC’s membership landscape.

Mr Kumprecht holds a Master of Science (MSc) in Animal Nutrition and serves as Sales & Marketing Manager at Royal De Heus, a.s. Before that, he was Managing Director at Afeed, a.s. and Trouw Nutrition Biofaktory.

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