t h e Missing S h o p m a n u a l
TABLE SAW
{ the tool information you need at your fingertips }
T h e Missing S h o p M a n u a l
Table Saw { the tool information you need at your fingertips }
skills institute press
skills institute press
skills institute press
Distributed By Fox Chapel Publishing Color Version
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B&W Version
© 2013 by Skills Institute Press LLC “Missing Shop Manual” series trademark of Skills Institute Press Published and distributed in North America by Fox Chapel Publishing Company, Inc., East Petersburg, PA. Table Saw, ISBN 978-1-56523-791-9, is a reprinting of Table Saw, ISBN 978-1-56523-471-0, first published in 2010 by Fox Chapel Publishing. Portions of text and art previously published by and reproduced under license with Direct Holdings Americas Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Table saw. pages cm. -- (The missing shop manual) Includes index. ISBN 978-1-56523-791-9 1. Circular saws. 2. Woodwork. I. Fox Chapel Publishing. TT186.T314 2013 684'.08--dc23 2012048685 To learn more about the other great books from Fox Chapel Publishing, or to find a retailer near you, call toll-free 800-457-9112 or visit us at www.FoxChapelPublishing.com. Note to Authors: We are always looking for talented authors to write new books. Please send a brief letter describing your idea to Acquisition Editor, 1970 Broad Street, East Petersburg, PA 17520. Printed in China First printing Because working with wood and other materials inherently includes the risk of injury and damage, this book cannot guarantee that creating the projects in this book is safe for everyone. For this reason, this book is sold without warranties or guarantees of any kind, expressed or implied, and the publisher and the author disclaim any liability for any injuries, losses, or damages caused in any way by the content of this book or the reader’s use of the tools needed to complete the projects presented here. The publisher and the author urge all readers to thoroughly review each project and to understand the use of all tools before beginning any project.
Contents Chapter 1: Choosing a Table Saw . . . . . . . . . 6 Chapter 2: Table Saw Setup . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Chapter 3: Table Saw Blades . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Chapter 4: Table Saw Safety . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Chapter 5: Ripping Wood to Width . . . . . . . .56 Chapter 6: Crosscutting Wood to Length . . . . .70 Chapter 7: Angles and Bevels . . . . . . . . . . .79 Chapter 8: Work Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Chapter 9: Dados, Rabbets, and Grooves . . . . .98 Chapter 10: Table Saw Joinery . . . . . . . . . 106 Chapter 11: Moldings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Chapter 12: Table Saw Jigs . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
What you will learn
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Chapter 1 Choosing a Table Saw, page 6
Chapter 2 Table Saw Setup, page 14
Chapter 3 Table Saw Blades, page 32
Chapter 4 Table Saw Safety, page 42
Chapter 5 Ripping Wood to Width, page 56
Chapter 6 Crosscutting Wood to Length, page 70
Chapter 7 Angles and Bevels, page 79
Chapter 8: Work Supports, page 84
Chapter 9 Dados, Rabbets, and Grooves, page 98
Chapter 10 Table Saw Joinery, page 106
Chapter 11 Moldings, page 114
Chapter 12 Table Saw Jigs, page 122
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Chapter 1:
Choosing a Table Saw Whether you are working with milled boards from a lumberyard, old barn siding, or sheets of 4-by-8 plywood, the table saw is an excellent all-around tool for cutting wood to width (ripping) and length (crosscutting). The table saw also excels at sawing grooves, at making cuts at an angle (miters) and also with the blade tilted (bevel cuts). If these operations were all it could do it would still be a most valuable tool. But the saw also accepts a variety of blades and accessories, from roller stands that assist with unwieldy panels (page 62) to molding heads capable of producing elaborate decorative trim. And with help from the simple, inexpensive shopmade jigs, the table saw is also unsurpassed for repeat cuts and making such fundamental woodworking joints as the lap, box, and open mortise-andtenon joints (page 107). The precision and power of a table saw allow for many different cuts with small risk of error. Sawing square and straight with hand tools requires considerable skill and time. Following procedures outlined here can produce clean, accurate cuts consistently with little effort.
6
Table saws are designated according to blade diameter. Models are available in 8-, 10-, and 12-inch sizes. The
1: Choosing a Table Saw
With a workpiece clamped firmly to a tenoning jig, cut the tenon part of an open mortiseand-tenon joint.
8-inch benchtop and 10-inch contractor style models, however, are the most popular home workshop saws. When choosing a table saw, first consider the type of woodworking you will be doing. The basic requirement for a table saw—for cabinetmaking or general use—is it must be capable of cutting a 2-by-4 at both 90 and 45°. The enclosed stationary saw typically uses a 1.5- to 3-horsepower motor to drive a 10-inch blade. Properly tuned and maintained, it can mill 3-inch stock repeatedly without overheating. If most of your work is with ¾- or 1-inch-thick stock typically used for cabinetmaking, the open-base contractor’s saw is less expensive. It has adequate power and can be mounted on a mobile base. For occasional use on light stock or where space is at a premium, the 10-inch bench top saw can easily be hauled around the workshop or the job site by one person. Beware of exaggerated horsepower ratings. Check the motor plate: An honest 1.5-horsepower motor should draw roughly 14 amps at 115 volts; a 3-horsepower motor should draw 14 or 15 amps at 230 volts.
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1: Choosing a Table Saw Bench Top Saw 8
Bench Top Saw With its built-in guides, the table saw sets up quickly for both square and angled cuts. Furthermore, it cuts much more accurately than the hand-held circular saw. Available in full-size and tabletop models, a typical table saw uses 10-inch blades that cut 3 1/2 inches deep. Because table-saw blades cut on the downstroke, cut plywood with the good side up. A metal rip fence, adjustable along guide bars, ensures a straight cut. There is also a pivoting miter gauge, which slides along a slot in the table, that feeds boards into the blade at any angle. Two controls, the blade-tilt knob and blade-height crank, adjust the angle and height of the blade itself. A table insert, which keeps sawdust from falling into the motor, is removable for changing blades. For safety, a plastic guard covers the blade.
1: Choosing a Table Saw
Bench Top Saw (continued)
Bench Top Saw
Blade guard Rip fence
Miter gauge Blade-tilt knob
Blade-height crank
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Blade guard
Contractor's Saw
1: Choosing a Table Saw
Contractor's Saw
On/off switch
Fence lock Blade-height crank
10
Rip fence Extension table
1: Choosing a Table Saw
Contractor's Saw (continued)
Contractor's Saw
Blade-tilt knob
Rip fence guide bar
11
Tapers (continued) Guide bar
Toggle clamp
Workpiece
Tapers
Base
5: Ripping Wood to Width
Lip
Shopmade Jig Build a jig exactly like the one shown on page 126 but without the handle. To position the workpiece for the taper cut, raise the saw blade to its highest setting. Butt one side of the jig base against the blade and position the rip fence flush against the other side of the base. Mark a cutting line on the workpiece, then place it on the base, aligning the line with the edge of the taper jig’s base nearest the blade. Holding the workpiece securely, position the guide bar against it, with the lip snugly against the end of the workpiece. Screw the guide bar to the base and press the toggle clamps down to secure the workpiece to the jig base. Set the blade height. With the jig and workpiece clear of the blade, turn on the saw. With your left hand pressing the workpiece toward the rip fence, slide the jig and workpiece steadily across the table, making sure that neither hand is in line with the blade (above).
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Chapter 6:
Crosscutting Wood to Length As cutting with the grain is synonymous with the use of the rip fence, so crosscutting is defined by the device used to make the cut: the miter gauge. The general technique for making a crosscut, begins with correct hand placement to keep the workpiece both flat on the table and firmly against the miter gauge. The workpiece is fed into the blade at a steady rate. As with ripping, make sure scrap pieces do not pile up, and keep both hands out of line with the blade. Keep the rip fence well away from the blade to prevent any cut-off part of the workpiece from becoming trapped between the blade and fence and kicking back. The slower the feed, the smoother the cut. Although a combination blade can be used for crosscutting, a crosscut blade will produce a finer cut. With a long workpiece, attach an extension to the miter gauge窶馬ormally, a piece of hardwood 3 to 4 inches wide and 2 feet long. Use the miter gauge extension in conjunction with a stop block to make repeat cuts. For wide panels or long boards, a shop-made crosscutting jig (page 128) will ensure very accurate cuts. The jig can also be used for smaller pieces. Many experienced woodworkers consider it the single most indispensable accessory for crosscutting.
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Before measuring or marking a workpiece for a crosscut, cut one end of it square. To avoid jamming the blade, align the workpiece with the blade so that it will trim ½ inch or so. With the thumbs of both hands hooked over the miter gauge, hold the workpiece firmly against the gauge (right) and push them together to feed the workpiece into the blade. (Caution: Blade guard removed for clarity.)
Checking for Square
6: Crosscutting Wood to Length
Making a Crosscut
Use a combination square to confirm that the cut end of the workpiece forms a 90° angle with the edge. With the workpiece and square held up to the light, there should be no gap visible. Mark an X on the cut end to help you remember which end has been squared.
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Repeat Crosscuts
6: Crosscutting Wood to Length
Repeat Crosscuts
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Stop block
Setting Up the Cut Clamp a board to the rip fence as a stop block. To prevent jamming the workpiece between the stop and the blade—which could lead to kickback—position the stop far enough toward the front of the table so that the workpiece will clear the stop before reaching the blade. To line up the cut, hold the workpiece against the miter gauge and push the gauge and workpiece forward until the workpiece touches the saw blade. Slide the workpiece along the miter gauge until the cutting mark is aligned with the blade (above). Be sure to unplug the saw before you work on this set-up.
Repeat Crosscuts (continued) Holding the workpiece firmly against the miter gauge, pull both back from the blade and butt the stop block against the workpiece (left). Lock the rip fence in position. Check to see that the workpiece does not contact the stop block when the workpiece reaches the blade.
Making the Cut
Repeat Crosscuts
Set the end of the workpiece flush against the stop block. With the thumbs of both hands hooked over the miter gauge, hold the workpiece firmly against the gauge and push them together to feed the workpiece into the blade (left). (Caution: Blade guard removed for clarity.)
6: Crosscutting Wood to Length
Positioning the Rip Fence
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Repeat Crosscuts
6: Crosscutting Wood to Length
Repeat Crosscuts (continued)
Miter gauge extension
Stop Block Screw a board to the miter gauge as an extension, ensuring that one end of it extends beyond the saw blade. Push the miter gauge to cut off the end of the extension. Turn off the saw, then slide the miter gauge to the front of the table. Measure and mark the length of cut on the extension (above). Align a wood block with the mark and clamp it in place as a stop block.
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Wo o dwo r k i n g $ 1 2 . 9 5 U S
Shop in f o r m at i o n woodworke rs ne e d to
Succeed
When you unpack a new table saw—whether it’s a bench top, contractor or cabinet saw—the enclosed manual doesn’t venture much beyond basic safety, assembly, and set-up. That leaves some head-scratching when it’s time to turn it on and start cutting. Where’s the manual that covers all the things your new table saw is designed to do? The Missing Shop Manual–Table Saw takes that next step with you. In addition to explaining the basics of safety and set-up, this handy reference will help you get the most for your money by getting the most from your equipment. From cutting dados and molding to creating jigs, you’ll discover the techniques and tips you need to maximize your table saw’s performance. Even if you’ve been woodworking for years, you’ll wish this was the manual that originally came with your new table saw. G e t the c o m p l et e se t f or y our shop :
UPC
ISBN: 978-1-56523-791-9
Distributed By Fox Chapel Publishing