Newark
Newark, New Jersey is one of the oldest cities in the entire United States. It was founded in 1666 and it went through a rapid growth through the 19th century. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Newark grew in population and industrial development, due to it’s geographic location, near New York City and the convenient port accessibility. The 20th century also became a turning point for Newark in part to the establishment of the Newark airport, which was the first major airport for the New York area, as well as the great development of highways and roads from the 1920’s to the 1950’s. These massive infrastructures created what we know today as Newark, a city where some live, but most pass by. My Thesis is about analyzing the aspects of Newark which have created spatial opportunities as well as spatial boundaries. These magnificent systems of transportation, take up a vast amount of the Newark’s area. The port, airport, highways, roads and train systems alone take up 40% of Newark’s entire square footage, leaving 60% of Newark to be split into, residential, commercial, educational and recreational areas. The good news is that several areas that pertain to the 40% of the infrastructure are placed in a system of layers, ex. Highways crossing above other highways; trains running above and below main streets and highways; highway loops creating big spaces in between exits, etc. These layers present potential areas for programming within. What would be the point of these “programs”? It is a very distinct issue that Newark needs to improve upon and the question should be, how do we get Newark to slow down, to be more appreciated by those who just pass by? How do we get the people who reside in Newark to interact with those who just know Newark from up above, those who see Newark as a blur as they are passing by? The idea is to slow the traffic down with the programs that will be created within the layers. These programs will be accessible to Newark residents as well as Newark visitors. They will be centers where both communities can interact among each other and find common “likes” and individual needs that each community has but that they can access together. There are five main areas where these potential centers could be created, all of which are highly dense with commuters and residents of Newark, concentrating on areas such as the port, airport, and downtown Newark. With the integration of these programs, the residential community will not only be able to experience other people who might be beneficial and influential to the city, but the visiting community will understand and will be able to see from the centers, what it is like to be a resident of Newark, watching the transit pass by in front of their eyes. These new points of view that will be given to the visiting community will help with getting them more involved with the Newark community, as they will understand more of how the city is formed and experiences that could be changed or suggested, to keep on improving the lifestyle in Newark.
Newark is located on the east coast of the United States, in New Jersey, about 10 miles away from New York City
Original Purchase 1666
Area Occupied by Founders
Second Purchase 1677
Annexed in the 1800’s
Incorporated in 1836
Newark beginning of 1900’s
1880
1938
Airport
Newark, New Jersey is one of the oldest cities in the entire United States. It was founded in 1666. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Newark grew in population and industrial development, due to its geographic location, near New York City and the convenient port accessibility.
2010
278,154 Newark Resident
Newark Commuter
= 50,000 Newark is the largest city in New Jersey. Newark has a population of 278,154 making it the largest municipality in New Jersey and the 65th largest city in the U.S.
New Jersey Transit (Buses, Trains, Light rail vehicles)
Newark International Airport
Holland & Lincoln Tunnels
Newark has over 300 types of business. 1,800 retail
540 wholesale establishments
8 major bank headquarters
The port is the largest cargo facility in the Port of New York and New Jersey
The average household income in Newark is
$26,913
24,000 people are employed in EWR & about 157,000 jobs are derived from airpor activity. Newark Liberty contributes about $18.5 billion in economic activity to the New York-New Jersey metropolitan region including more than $6.7 billion in wages and salaries. Pennsylvania Station in Newark sees approximately 400,000 passengers per week. The annual revenue for the NJ rail is $60 million. The New Jersey Turnpike alone handles 205 million vehicles per year. $350 million in revenue. NJ gets 80% of it’s tax revenue from the turnpike. Garden State only gives 10%.
Preventing Newark from becoming “the blur� before reaching NYC
Roads 4%
Highways 7%
Trains 6%
Port & recreation 12%
Newark Airport 11%
40% of Newark is comprised of Transport 60% of Newark is left for all other programs, including recreation, retail, residential and educational among others.
Commuter vs
60%
40%
s. Resident
1
2
3
4 5
Main Roads
1 Branch Brook Park Baseball fields, wild life, beautiful views
2 Residential
3 Downtown
Office buildings, Retail stores, Undergraduate Education, Prudential Center
4 Commercial Centers
5 Park & Cementery
recreational park, cementery and golf course
New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95) Interstate 280 Interstate 78 Garden State Parkway U.S. Route 1/9, U.S. Route 22 2
3 1
Highways
Layers Streets & City
1
Highway
2 NJPAC
Railroad
3 Pulaski Skyway
1 2
3
Trains
1 Abandoned
Much of the old railroad takes part of the city.
2 Pennsylvania Station
downtown area, offices, retail, train service to NYC.
3 Air Train
The local trains have a specific stop where people can go to the air train .
1
2
Airport & Port
1 Airport Multiple stores & restaurants. Chapel for religious practice in Terminal C. Views of Manhattan
2 Port major imports
How is Newark being affected?
Newark
City of Layers
BRIDGE SYSTEMS
PENNSYLVANIA STATION
ACROSS HIGHWAYS
AIRPORT MADNESS
Newark Visitors & Residents meet me halfway
Park daycare dancing Offices
green house community Garden Art display gallery Grocery store
Rest stop Music Theater Garden/ park
Health center, Painting, underground jog, bike channel... lights from highway into tunnel
Ideas to form a Community
Recreation
nal Center
Frequent R
Rest Areas
Communit
ty Gardens
Pedestrian Streets & Gardens