Eva Itzkowitz

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โ€ซื™ืžื™ ื”ืชื•ืโ€ฌ

โ€ซื”ืžืื™ื™ืจืช ืื•ื” ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅโ€ฌ โ€ซื•"ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืคืจ"โ€ฌ


โ€ซื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ืื™ืก ืจื•ื–ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœื•ืก ืื ื’ ืœืกโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชThis publication was made possible by Lois Rosen, Los Angelesโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืื’ืฃ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืืžื ื•ืช ืข"ืฉ ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืžื™ ื”ืชื•ืโ€ช :โ€ฌื”ืžืื™ื™ืจืช ืื•ื” ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื•"ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืคืจ"โ€ฌ โ€ซืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื•ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌืชืฉืข"ื’ (ื™ื ื•ืืจโ€ช-โ€ฌืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ โ€ช)2013โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื”โ€ช :โ€ฌืื•ืจื ื” ื’ืจื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืจื™ื›ื”โ€ช :โ€ฌื›ื ืจืช ื™ืคืจื—โ€ฌ โ€ซืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืชโ€ช :โ€ฌืžื™ืจื‘ ืคื™ืžื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ืžืื™ื™ืจืชโ€ช :โ€ฌืฆื•ืจ ืงื•ืฆืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื™ืฆื•ื‘โ€ช :โ€ฌืกื˜ืคื ื™ ื•ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืคืงื”โ€ช :โ€ฌืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืคื•ื’ืœืžืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื“ืคืกื”โ€ช :โ€ฌืžืคืขืœื™ ื“ืคื•ืก ื›ืชืจ ื‘ืข"ืžโ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื”โ€ช :โ€ฌืื™ื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคืจ "ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชOn the cover: Illustration from the book A Visit to Jerusalemโ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ืงื•ืฉืจืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืช ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื™ื™ืจืช ืื•ื” ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืขื ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ื•ื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื ื•โ€ฌ โ€ซืืš ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืžื™ ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชืโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžืฉื ืช โ€ช 1957โ€ฌืขื“ โ€ช ,1975โ€ฌืื™ื™ืจื” ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅโ€ฌ โ€ซืขืฉืจื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื "ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืคืจ" ื•ืขื ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืขื“โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืžื” ืืœื•ืฃโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืœ ืกืงืกื•ื ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช โ€ช .1922โ€ฌื‘ื ืขื•ืจื™ื” ื ื—ืฉืคื” ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืชโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื‘ืฉื ืช โ€ช 1939โ€ฌื ืืœืฆื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืžื•ืœื“ืชื” ื•ืœื”ื’ืจ ืœื™ื•ื•ืŸโ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื ืœืžื“ื” ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืืชื•ื ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘โ€ช 1945-โ€ฌืขืœืชื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ืโ€ช .โ€ฌืื™ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ืกืคืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืื•ืจื™ืืœ ืื•ืคืงโ€ช ,โ€ฌื“ื•ื“ ืคืืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ืžื™ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ึนื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ืืจื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืœื‘ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื’ื ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขื’ื•ืข ื•ืจื’ืฉ ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ– โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืžึผื•ื›ึผืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื™ื™ืจื” ืื•ื” ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื ื” ืœื” ืžืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื“ืžื™ืืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืจืื” ืื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช โ€ช 1957โ€ฌื•ื”ื•ื“ืคืก ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ื ืงืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืื—ืจ ืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื ื” ืœื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืขื“ ืœื™ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื“ืžื•ืชื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ืชโ€ฌ

โ€ซืžืชื•ืšโ€ช" :โ€ฌืฉืžืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื ื”'ืœื”"โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชFrom: Hannaโ€™s Sabbath Dressโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ช3โ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซืžืชื•ืšโ€ช" :โ€ฌื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”"โ€ฌ

โ€ซืžืชื•ืšโ€ช" :โ€ฌืื‘ื ืฉืœื™"โ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชFrom: A Family Dayโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชFrom: My Fatherโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืงื“โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืชโ€“ื”ืœื‘ ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื•ืช ืคื ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ืืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืคื’ืฉโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืžื›ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื–ื›ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ื–ื”ื•ื‘ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื” ืœื” ืฉืงืจื ื™ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื ืฉืœื—ื•ืช ืืœ ืฉืžืœืชื” ื”ืžื•ื›ืชืžืช ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉืžืœืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื•ืื•ืจโ€ช .โ€ฌืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืชโ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชื—ื›ืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœื ื›ืžื• "ืฉืžืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื ื” ืœื”" ื”ืžืชืืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืคืœืื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื™ืจื” ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืืช ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจื˜ื˜ืช ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืืš ื’ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื•ืœื ื–ื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืงื™ืคื” ืื•ืชื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœื” ื—ื•ืฃโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžื’ืœื” ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืชืžื•ื ืช ืื™ื“ื™ืœื™ื” ื•ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืžืžื ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืœืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ช4โ€ฌโ€ฌ


โ€ซืžืชื•ืšโ€ช" :โ€ฌื”ื™ื“ื“ ืื ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ!"โ€ฌ

โ€ซืžืชื•ืšโ€ช" :โ€ฌื”ื™ื“ื“ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืคื!"โ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชFrom: Hurrah! Iโ€™m All Grownupโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ชFrom: Hurrah! I Am a Doctorโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซื”ืื ื•ื”ืื‘ ื‘ืื™ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ื“ื’ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื—ื™ืงื•ื™โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืื™ืžื ืฉืœื™ ื•ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ื‘ืช ื•ื”ืื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกืคืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ (ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืืช ื™ืžื™ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืŸ) ื ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืคืงื™ื“ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืขื•ืœื” ื’ื ืžื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉื ื™ื•ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืจื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื’ื“ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”โ€“โ€ช :60โ€ฌื”ืึตื ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื”ืื‘ ื ื•ืฉื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ื”ืจืคืชืงื ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืื™ืคืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ื™ื“ืžื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื™ืจื” ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืœ"ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืคืจ"โ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื“ื“ ืื ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ! ืžืฆื™ื’ ืกื“ืจืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื—ื•ืจื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœโ€ช" :โ€ฌื”ืื•ืžื ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื• ื™ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ?"โ€ฌ

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โ€ซืžืชื•ืšโ€ช" :โ€ฌืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื"โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชFrom: I Work Like My Dadโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซื‘ืกืคืจ ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื (ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื™ืืœ ืื•ืคืง) ืžืื•ื™ืจื™ื ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซ ื“ื™ื™ื’โ€ช ,โ€ฌืจื•ืคืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื•ืคื” ื•ืขื•ื“ โ€ช -โ€ฌื•ืžืฆื“ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื™ืœื“ ื”ืžื—ืงื” ืืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ืžื•ืงื˜ื ืชโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ซ"ืื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื” ืœื—ื ื˜ืจื™ ื•ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื’ื ืื ื™ ืœืฉ ื‘ืฆืงโ€ช ,โ€ฌืœืืคื•ืช ืœื—ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื’ื ืื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื“ื“ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืคื! ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืชื”ื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ืโ€ช:โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืจื•ืคืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืึตื ืžื•ื“ืื’ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื–ื™ืจื•ื– ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืขืฆืžืื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื™ื“ืืœ ืฉืœืื•ืจื• ื—ื•ื ื›ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื”โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืจืื™ื ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื ืขื“ืจื™ ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืืš ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื ืžืฉืงืคื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ึดื‘ืจึผื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืžืื™ื™ืจืช ืื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ืืžื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืืœืโ€ฌ โ€ซืกื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื•ืจื™ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ– โ€ฌ

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โ€ซืžืชื•ืšโ€ช" :โ€ฌื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื"โ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชFrom: Children from Around the Worldโ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซื”ืกืคืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื (ืžืืช ื ื’ื“ื•ืช) ืžืกืคืจ ืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืืŸ ื”ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™โ€ช,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ึถื ื™ึผื•โ€“ืกึทืืŸ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืงืจืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฆื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื™ืŸโ€“ืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœโ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื™ืœื“ ืื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™โ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืœืฆื“ื• ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•โ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”โ€“โ€ช 60โ€ฌืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื›ืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ืžืกืจ ืœื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื–ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืœ"ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืคืจ"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขืจื›ื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌืœืžืฉืœโ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื™ืจื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืขโ€ฌ โ€ซืขื•ื“ื“ ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืžื™ืจ ื•ืžื›ึผื•ื ื” "ื”ืฆื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืฅ"โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซื’ื ื”ืกืคืจ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืžืืช ืž ื›ืจืžื™) ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืขืจื›ื™ ืœืื•ื ื•ื“ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืชืืจ ื˜ื™ื•ืœโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌืื™ืžืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื•ืกื™ ื•ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืืชืจื™ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืชโ€“โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืชโ€ช .โ€ฌืื™ื•ืจื™ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื ื•ืคืš ืจื’ืฉื™ ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื›ืš ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืชโ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

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โ€ซื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžืจื—ืง ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื” ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื™ืจ ื›ืžืกืžืšโ€ฌ โ€ซืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืฉืืคื• ืœื—ื ืš ืœืื•ืจื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ืโ€ช .โ€ฌืœืงื•ืจื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ ื‘ืŸโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืžื™ื ื• ื™ื‘ืœื˜ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื’ื“ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืขืจืฆื” ืœืกืžืœื™ ื”ืœืื•ืโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืžืื– ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœืโ€ช .โ€ฌืืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืคืขืจโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืœื‘ ื”ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ืœื’ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ ื•ืœืฉืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืžื™ื”ื” ื–ื• ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืกืžืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจื” ื•ืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ื™ึนื•ื‘ืœโ€ช :โ€ฌื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืื™ื•ืจ ื–ื”โ€ช ,โ€ฌืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืื™ืงื•ื ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื•ืจืืชโ€ช ,โ€ฌื•ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืขื•ืคืจโ€ช .โ€ฌื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืกืžืœื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื›ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ื ื ืฆื—ื™โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซืกื•ื“ ืงืกืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ึผื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื‘ื˜ืช ืืœื™ื ื• ืžืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืืคื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—โ€ช ,โ€ฌื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืœื• ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืขืจื•ืš ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื”โ€ช .โ€ฌื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื•โ€ช ,โ€ฌื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืื™ื•ืจื™ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซืฉืœ ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅโ€ช ,โ€ฌื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•โ€ช.โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซืื•ื” ืื™ืฆืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅโ€ช2012 ,โ€ฌโ€ฌ โ€ซโ€ชEva Itzkowitz, 2012โ€ฌโ€ฌ

โ€ซโ€ช8โ€ฌโ€ฌ


as the charactersโ€™ direct gaze and their smiley countenance, establish an emotional, experiential connection between the reader and the transmitted information (p. 7). The seamless integration of prose and fact, fiction and information, characterizes the collaboration between Itzkowitz and the Ofer Library. Values are interwoven into the narration about distant lands. For instance, among the illustrated children of the world is Oded, the kibbutz-dweller known as the โ€œbrave sabra.โ€ The book A Visit to Jerusalem (by M. Carmi) also seeks to instill national and religious values. The book depicts a family visit to Jerusalem, Israelโ€™s capital city, highlighting Jewish-Israeli heritage sites. Adding an emotional dimension to the informative aspects of the book, the illustrations contribute to the formation of national pride. โ–  Looking back at the illustrations half a century later, they demonstrate the place of illustrated childrenโ€™s books as cultural documents reflecting the norms and values then instilled in children. The contemporary critical reader might be struck by the distinct gender roles and the admiration of national symbols, which have since undergone change. Yet, in spite of the time gap, the illustrations speak to the current yearning to protect and preserve the innocence of childhood. This yearning is evoked most strongly by the publishing houseโ€™s signature illustration, designed and painted by Itzkowitz some fifty years ago, which has since become iconic in its own right. At its center sits a girl reading, with a fawn (ofer in Hebrew, as in the name of the publishing house) standing behind her. Thus is a symbolic parallel drawn between the two, as representatives of eternal innocence. The secret charm of childhood arising from the collection of illustrations lies, therefore, in the safety and lucidity of the world depicted, where each person plays a unique role and everything is arranged according to a set order and hierarchy. It is this clarity, more than any other aspect of Itzkowitzโ€™s illustrations, that stands out in contrast to contemporary childrenโ€™s books.


on the cover of My Father (both by Yemima Sharon) clearly demonstrate the social expectations placed upon parents and the totality of their role, also evoked by the possessive titles. The illustrations explicitly delineate traditional gender roles, reflecting the ideal family dynamics in the 1960s: the mother as the caretaker, both of the home and of the children, while the father plays an active, adventurous role at home and outside of it (p. 4). โ–  Every little kidโ€™s desire to be grownup and to resemble the adults he or she admires is at the heart of many books illustrated by Itzkowitz on behalf of the Ofer Library. The book Hurrah! Iโ€™m All Grownup presents a series of rhyming questions and answers demonstrating the relativity of size: โ€œIs he actually a grownup or still a little child?โ€ (p. 5). The book I Work Like My Dad (adaptation: Uriel Ofek) portrays fathers engaged in a variety of occupations โ€“ fisherman, physician, baker, and more โ€“ while the flip side of each page shows a child imitating his or her father: โ€œMy father bakes fresh bread and delicious cakes; I, too, knead dough, in order to bake little rollsโ€ (p. 6). The illustrations to Hurrah! I Am a Doctor also depict children playing adult roles with utmost solemnity: the boy enacts the part of the doctor, while the girl embodies the anxious mother (p. 5). The titles of the books urge the children to grow up quickly and gain independence, an ideal in light of which children of that era were raised. Contemporary eyes may perceive the straightforward, uncynical illustrations to be very simple, but it is thus that they exemplify the bookโ€™s role as a tool in the process of socialization. The illustrator does not view her work as fine art, but rather as a means of informing children about the basic concepts of reality and the future. โ–  The book Children from Around the World (by A. Gadot) is a compilation of anecdotes from the lives of the Mexican Juan, the Japanese Heniu-San, Carl from Switzerland, the Chinese Shin-Chon, and other children across the globe. Each illustration portrays a girl or a boy in traditional attire, surrounded by imagery typical to their environment, offering the children of the 1960s information that would otherwise have been inaccessible to them. The stories accompanying the illustrations, as well


The exhibition ties Eva Itzkowitzโ€™s name to the illustrations that have marked our childhood, but whose creator remained unknown until now. Over nearly two decades, from 1957 to 1975, Itzkowitz illustrated dozens of childrenโ€™s books in collaboration with the Ofer Library and with its founder and director, Shlomo Aluf. Itzkowitz was born in Saxony, Germany, in 1922. The victim of anti-Semitism, she was forced to leave her homeland in 1939. She studied portraiture at the Academy of Athens in Greece, where she remained until the end of the Second World War, immigrating to Israel (then Palestine) in 1945. Her illustrations adorn the books written by Uriel Ofek, David Peโ€™er, Yemima Sharon, and many others. The typical childhood portrait fashioned by Itzkowitz has touched childrenโ€™s hearts for many years and continues to evoke longing and nostalgia in adults. โ–  Eva Itzkowitzโ€™s best-known book is Itzhak Dmiโ€™elโ€™s Hannaโ€™s Sabbath Dress, first published in 1957 and reprinted in numerous editions since. The illustrations enable us to easily follow Hannaโ€™s whereabouts from morning to evening, even without consulting the words of the narrative. Her figure is always foregrounded, drawing the readerโ€™s attention to her facial expressions. Revelatory of her feelings at every encounter, they facilitate the readerโ€™s comprehension of her adventures. Most memorable is the figure of the golden-haired Hanna, whose coal-stained dress is whitened and illuminated by moon rays. Though the story contains a fantastic element linking the girlโ€™s good deed to the Sabbath atmosphere, the illustrations remain simple, maintaining a clear order that does not aim at over-sophistication (p. 3). โ–  Unlike the marvelous occurrence described in Hannaโ€™s Sabbath Dress, most of the books illustrated by Itzkowitz mirror the daily experiences of Israeli children, elucidating that which takes place in grownup society. The defined, material worldview they delineate is simultaneously colorful and optimistic. The figure of the boy or girl stands at its core, enveloped by the familial framework that offers a safe haven. The style of the illustrations reveals a sincere desire to create an idyllic, harmonious picture on behalf of the children, from which they may learn all about life. In Itzkowitzโ€™s illustrations, the mother and father infuse a sense of security and stability into the lives of children, while serving as role models. The portraits of the mother and son on the cover of the book My Mother and the picture of the daughter and father


Days of Innocence Illustrator Eva Itzkowitz and the Ofer Library


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