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SILESHI AND DESALEGN
Black flies - Simulidae • These small flies can occur in vast numbers and cause serious annoyance. • Flocks will stampede, often with disastrous consequences • Bites are inflicted on all parts of the body, giving rise to vesicles which burst, exposing the underlying flesh. • Skin wounds with secondary infection and myiasis may result. Control
• Fly breeding sites may be eliminated by drainage.
• Fly breeding sites can be treated with diesel oil thinned with water to kill the larvae.
Haematopota spp. Horse flies • These large robust flies suck blood and inflict a painful bite.
• Several species of horse flies attack sheep and •
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goats. Animals get restless when horse flies are around and even small numbers of these flies are sufficient to hinder grazing. Losses become significant when infestations are heavy. They mechanically transmit a number of diseases such as anthrax, Anaplasmosis and Trypanosomiasis. They breed in or near water.
Figure 9.27. Biting fly – Tabanus..
9.5.3. Mosquitoes Mosquitoes are of various species such as Anopheles, Culex and Ades. They are important vectors of diseases like Rift Valley Fever, Bluetongue and others. They may occasionally attack animals in large numbers, causing severe losses in production. They are dependent on water for breeding. They are usually more prevalent during and after rainy periods. Control
• Mosquito breeding sites may be eliminated by drainage. • Mosquito breeding sites can be treated with diesel oil thinned with water to kill the larvae. 9.6. Important Infectious Diseases of Small Ruminants 9.6.1. Strategies and approaches used in Ethiopia Serious outbreaks of sheep and goat diseases such as sheep and goat pox, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), peste des petits ruminants (PPR), pasteurellosis and anthrax continue to occur in Ethiopia contributing to significant production losses. Widespread epidemics are controlled through prophylactic measures and nationally organized campaigns in the face of outbreaks. However, none of these diseases has been eradicated so Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program