Biodiversity and Knowledge For a new model of development
ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND REGIME OF SOCIAL AND SOLIDARITY ACCUMULATION
It is a social and solidarity economy; It recognizes the human being as the subject and purpose, it purports a dynamic and balanced relationship between society, State and market, in harmony with nature; and it aims to ensure the production and reproduction of material and immaterial conditions which enable "buen vivir" [a good way of living].
The economic system is integrated through economic, public, private, mixed, popular and solidarity organizations. Art. 283 of The Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador
Article 283 of the Constitution of Ecuador
SOCIETY IN HARMONY WITH NATURE bio-knowledge
The functioning of the economy should minimize environmental and social impacts of production and industrial activities.
and valuation of ecosystem services articulated with natural heritage, human talent, research, technology and innovation.
This approach represents a big opportunity to diversify the country's productive matrix.
DEVELOPMENT MODEL The productive transformation of a primarily exporting economy to one based on the production of knowledge is sought, to ensure rights are guaranteed and to meet the population’s needs, fostering national capacities in a balanced manner.
1ry Exporter
Meet the basic needs 3ry Exporter
Productive process
economical infrastructure demographic technological environmental Social network
TRADE E x po r t s a nd i m por t s 1290082189312 16104100790272
246583936768 1611170439168 1077591699456 3205506531328 1578096260608 845525796592 1069119319040 16927173000000 820973535232 328203138048 136666206208 392457249792 44489916416
4384254853120 1176890245120
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Type of export
3205506531328 388712624896
1000000000000
1578096260608 16927173000000
1176890245120
1000000000000
1338311393280
1000000000000 1077591699456 1000000000000 1000000000000 1069119319040
16104100790272 820973535232
4384254853120
845525796592 246583936768136666206208 1611170439168 328203138048
Source: UN COMTRADE, World Bank , United Nations, Global Footprint, Penworld (2012)
1290082189312
44489916416
20
PARTNERSHIPS AND TRADED PRODUCTS Transmission apparatus for radio
Transmission apparatus for radio
0.7
Hardware/Software 0.6
0.5
Oil
0.53
integrated Circuits 0.57 Parts and accessories for software / hardware
Electrical circuits for0.47 radio
0.4
0.3
Bananas 0.2
integrated Circuits
coffee
0.14
0.1
automobiles aircraft 0.08 Engine Parts and Accessories Medicaments automobiles Oil
0.01 -0.02 0.4 1 1.6 2.2 2.8 3.4 4 4.6 5.2 5.8 6.4 7 7.6 8.2 8.8 9.4 10 10.611.2 11.812.4 13 13.614.2 14.815.4 16 16.617.2 17.8 0.1 0.7 1.3 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.7 4.3 4.9 5.5 6.1 6.7 7.3 7.9 8.5 9.1 9.7 10.3 10.9 11.512.1 12.713.3 13.9 14.515.1 15.7 16.3 16.917.518.1 Telecom -0.1 automobiles -0.11 -0.12 -0.09 -0.1 -0.14 -0.14 Oil Fuel -0.12 -0.12 Iron Charcoal -0.12 -0.12 Soja-0.14 0
-0.2
Source: UN COMTRADE (2012)
automobiles
diamonds
South American Botanical Exports 2008 Volume (kg) and Value (United States dollars)
Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD. 2012. Trade and Biodiversity: the BioTrade experiences in Latin America.
GUIDELINES FOR WORLD WIDE STRATEGIC INSERTION
What to trade? Regardless of whether they are small or large, open or closed economies, those that are technology intensive economies tend to have better living conditions The production structures that are service intensive also have a positive correlation with social indicators The buen vivir [good way of living] should define a production structure that maximizes social welfare but with a restriction imposed by the biological capacity of the nation.
Source: United Nations, UN COMTRADE
BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS WORLD WIDE
Ecuador
Source: Myers, N. et al. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403, 853.
BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS WORLD WIDE Ecuador •
Among 17 megadiverse countries
•
Principal hotspots within the country • The Humid forests of the northwest • The outside faces of the Andes mountain range • The Amazon forests of the northeast • Galapagos Islands
•
In a territory of 109,484 sq.mi, Ecuador houses more than 15.000 native plant species, out of which 4.173 are endemic
Humid Forest Northwest
Galapagos Islands
Andes Mountains
Amazon Forest
Source: Convention on Biological Diversity. 2014. Ecuador – Country Profile. // Jørgensen et al. 2000. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador
WEALTH IN THE GLOBAL GEOPOLITICAL SCENARIO
… the prognosis of a great move of the geopolitical power from the desert - petroleum producer countries towards the tropical regions, highly rich in biodiversity. “ In a world based on biology – Amstrong writes -, our relationships with Ecuador (talking of a representative country…) would be more important than those with Saudi Arabia”. The reason: Ecuador has a lot of biodiversity – and, therefore, genetic diversity – with potential value for the world. That is worth to Ecuador, would it be the same for Brazil? or for Central Africa?
Source: Revolutionary Wealth By Alvin Toffler, Heidi Toffler
Long term Strategy for Accumulation and Redistribution
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Accumulation for transition and deepening of redistribution
Distribution from the accumulation and consolidation of the strategy for selective substitution of imports
Consolidation of exports substitution and distribution from the accumulation
Productive Reconversion
Transference of Applied Technologies
Primary Exporter
R & D in Technological Areas
New Industries
Technological Innovation
Technological Services
Innovation
POTENTIAL OF BIODIVERSITY Levels of Biodiversity Genetic Diversity (Diversity within species)
Species Diversity (Diversity among species)
Ecological Diversity (Diversity of species’ habitats)
Bio-based Goods & Services Pharmaceutical Bioprospecting Botanical Medicine
Biological Control and Crop Protection Bioremediation
Ecological Restoration Ecotourism
Source: Hassan et al. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being:Â Current State and Trends: Findings of the Condition and Trends Working Group
PUBLIC INVESTMENT PRIORITIES Strengthening Human Talent
$
Strengthening PRIs, Universities and Research Centres
Communication Schools
2007
2010
Construction Infrastructure
R&D Expansion of investment
R+D
2012
2015
Cluster Consolidation
2025
Innovation
I+BD+i
BUSINESS MODEL - HOW DO WE DO?
Technolog ical assets Idea Bank Business Incubators Business enhancer Science and Technology Park
Human Talent Scouting Coaching Mentoring
Resources Management Venture capital Seed Capital Angel Capital
Basic public services Drinking water Sewerage Irrigation Parks and gardens Renewable energy
Managing soils Basic infrastructure Support infrastructure
ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH
INCUBATION
STARTING
INITIAL DEVELOPMENT
ESCALATION
NEW RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Public and Private Investment Public Investment
Private Investment
Time Death Valley
First Revenue
TRIPLE MODELO TRIPLE HÉLICE State
Academy
HELIX MODEL
State
Industry Industry
Academy
Laissez – faire Model
Statist model
State
Academy
Industry
Normative model - considers open innovation
WHAT'S INSIDE?
Examples involving the State: Tsukuba Daedeok Fraunhofer Silicon Wadi
TechnoIndustrial Parks
Inn贸polis
Technical institutes
University
Incubators and accelerators
R&D Centers
Technologybased companies
Technology Parks
District of life Basic research
Development of technologies
Commercialization of new technologies
High-tech manufacturing industry
CONTRIBUTION TO CHANGE PRODUCTIVE MATRIX PRIORITY AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE
ICT
LIFE SCIENCES
RENEWABLE ENERGY
NANOSCIENCES
PETROCHEMICAL
CHAINS TO STRENGTHEN
Software
Agricultural Tech.
Bioenergy
Textile fibers
R&D derivatives
Communication Equipment
Pharmaceutical
Appliances
Smart Materials
R&D plastic Cosmetics
Medical Instr. Transport and logistics
www.yachay.gob.ec