October 16, 2017 by Duke Chronicle

The Chronicle

See Inside Florida State runs away from Duke’s defense

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ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH YEAR, ISSUE 23

TOWERVIEW Nina Wilder | Contributing Graphic Designer

Low socioeconomic students discuss what it is like to pursue tech By Shannon Fang Contributing Reporter

THE CLIMB Students recount climbing Baldwin Auditorium By Selena Qian Contributing Reporter

*Name has been changed to protect the student’s identity. Wilson residence hall was in an uproar. It was election night 2016. One student rushed into the common room, carrying a lifesize cardboard cutout of then-presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. During the night, sophomore Ben Peterson and three others climbed Baldwin Auditorium with the cutout, placing it on top. They tied it down with a hanger since they had no rope and weighed it down with rocks and a traffic cone. Peterson said he isn’t sure who came up with the idea to put the cutout on top of the roof, but several students had been upset about the election results. “It relieves a lot of stress and frustration,” Peterson said. “It was nothing harmful, but we made a statement.” Early the next morning, Duke maintenance workers took down the cutout. But several students with 8:30 a.m. classes noticed it in time to take videos of the removal. Peterson said he had always been curious about climbing Baldwin. A month and a half into his first year, he heard a few others in his dorm talking about it. The first time Peterson climbed, he was alone, wearing white shorts, a bright shirt and the wrong shoes for this kind of activity. He was somewhat visible even in the dark, but he said he wasn’t worried about getting caught. Since then, Peterson has climbed Baldwin about five times, often with friends such as fellow sophomore Ahmed Ahmed-Fouad. The first time Ahmed-Fouad climbed Baldwin, it was on a whim. When he mentioned to Peterson that he hadn’t yet climbed Baldwin, Peterson decided they should go together. It was around midnight, near the end of their first semester at Duke. “It was definitely harder than expected,” Ahmed-Fouad said. “[I thought] it would be an easy thing, where there’s a path that everyone takes, but it’s kind of like however you can find a way up, you find a way up.” For a while, the easiest way to start the climb was through a window

in the second-floor corner dorm room in either Bassett or Pegram. Senior Dane Burkholder lived in that room of Bassett his first year, but a metal grate had been installed prior to his arrival. “There were two or three instances where someone random would knock on my door to climb [Baldwin],” Burkholder wrote in an email. “I had to turn them away because my room didn’t work anymore.” That didn’t stop students from finding alternate routes. Ahmed-Fouad made the journey using a broken pipe that led him to the bridge between Baldwin and Bassett. He and Peterson took an orange traffic cone from outside Baldwin up with them, passing it back and forth as they went. At the top, they used it to mark their achievement. Ahmed-Fouad and Peterson weren’t the only ones either—at least a few students try to check this item off their bucket list each year, noted Stephen Bryan, associate dean of students and director of the Office of Student Conduct. John Dailey, chief of Duke University Police Department, added that DUPD received three calls last year about students climbing Baldwin. Bryan wrote in an email that students thought to have climbed Baldwin are asked to attend an administrative hearing with an OSC staff member. If the staff member finds the student responsible for violating policy, the punishment usually includes a disciplinary See CLIMB on Page 4

Special to The Chronicle Pictured above is the view from on top of Baldwin Auditorium.

Although computer science is one of Duke’s most popular majors, the decision to pursue a tech career can be particularly challenging for students of a lower socioeconomic status. The Chronicle spoke with two first-generation African American students who discussed how their backgrounds have impacted their experiences with computer science. Although sophomore Cameron King has at times struggled as a computer science major, he said resources at Duke have kept him from becoming discouraged. Senior Gilbert Brooks, by comparison, said his experiences growing up in a low-income family delayed his decision to pursue computer science and still impacted him in class everyday. “I think for people who are first-generation or minorities, you come from a background that when you say something, you need to do it—no matter how painful it is,” Brooks said. Brooks opted to pursue computer science midway through his Duke experience. A Gates Scholar, he came to Duke as a pre-medical student and continued the pre-medical path for two years. During his junior year, he changed his major to computer science. The reason it took Brooks so long to switch majors is because he is a first-generation college student. He did not have access to computer science in high school and did not know that computer science was something he could study when he See TECH on Page 4

History professor’s book gets national acclaim, criticism By Bre Bradham Local and National News Editor

A Duke history professor’s latest book has gained critical acclaim, but not without drawing criticisms from two fellow Duke professors. Nancy MacLean, William H. Chafe professor of history and public policy, released “Democracy in Chains: the Deep History of the Radical Right’s Stealth Plan for America” this past summer to national attention. The work—which focuses on the effects of the late economist James M. Buchanan—is one of five texts included on the shortlist for a National Book Award. However, Georg Vanberg, chair of the political science department, and Professor of Political Science Michael Munger have publicly written about problems they see with the text, with Munger going so far as to call it a “work of speculative historical fiction.” “The book traces the history of an idea—the idea of enchaining modern democratic government, as developed by James Buchanan,” MacLean told The Chronicle of Higher Education a few months back. “It shows how the idea came to appeal to an extremely wealthy and messianic individual, Charles Koch, who has harnessed it and organized other extremely wealthy donors to fund efforts, staffed by thousands of people, to radically alter our government in ways that will be devastating to millions of people and already seem to be producing an utterly unsustainable society in terms of social norms and governance.”

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PHOTO ESSAY

Duke during midterm week

Lilly Library was a common workspace for first-year students preparing for the first round of midterms in their college careers.

Sophomore Joel Mire studied for his Computer Science 201 exam late into the afternoon Monday in Von der Heyden Pavilion.

Midterm season has rolled around, and with it, plenty of stress and coffee. From Perkins Library to to the Brodhead Center, East to West Campus, here are pictures of students on that late night grind. By Mary Helen Wood Contributing Photographer

A lack of sleep would occasionally catch up with students, sometimes in the Bryan Center.

First-years Lyndsay Hastings and Yuexuan Chen took turns giving each other back massages to help de-stress.

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Five students were spotted having a group study session near Au Bon Pain Monday.

Late nights in The Edge were a common sight throughout the week.

Coffee from places like the Trinity Café was a valuable commodity as students fought to stay productive.

Students stayed in Perkins into the early hours of the morning, tediously preparing for the week’s exams.

The work space of first-year Amory Williams was the epitome of a study sprawl Tuesday night.

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TECH FROM PAGE 1 arrived at Duke. He added that Duke’s culture pushes students hard in the direction they initially decide—which can be both positive and negative. He said he was negatively impacted by following his advisors’ initial suggestions to continue his pre-med track and finally concluded that he was happier in the computer science classes. Brooks added that selective social circles are another major barrier of entry into computer science. The tech communities on campus that advertise as empowerment groups often require prior work experience, which Brooks said is not truly empowering. He also said that the more he delved into computer science, the fewer black students he saw in tech groups. “It was off-putting for me because I didn’t see anyone I knew. It was all these people who wore really nice suits, worked at Microsoft, Google, Uber. I haven’t worked in any of these places. I’m just trying to get my foot in the door,” Brooks said. “I’m just trying to make it.” Still, Brooks noted that Duke has provided resources that he has utilized, including Duke Innovation and Entrepreneurship—which connects Duke entrepreneurs to companies across the world. There, he learned about networking and was chosen as a Melissa & Doug Entrepreneur. He also participated in the electrical engineering and computer science student showcase, which he said was helpful. The event allows students to present their work and discuss job opportunities with company representatives. But Brooks suggested that Duke creates a program to help first-generation students acclimate to the rigor of campus by familiarizing themselves with the curriculum before they begin classes. He added that Duke should replicate its Cardea fellows program—which helps pre-medical students prepare for a healthcare

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profession—for computer science. “Actually put me through the schedule, show me the rigor that I am going to go through, because I have never seen anything like it,” Brooks said. “If your parents haven’t been to college, they don’t know, and you just don’t know enough as a first-gen.” He added that it is easy to go through Duke and not try and understand the lives of others, so it is important for people to care more. “If you come from a background of tech, and you have power in that realm, extend a hand,” Brooks said. “For those who come from a low socioeconomic background, you gotta reach out because—at the end of the day—you suffer the most if you don’t do that.” Like Brooks, King arrived at Duke with no computer science experience because his high school did not teach the subject. As a result, King—who is a Rubenstein Scholar and Washington Duke Scholar—said he tended to fall behind in his initial computer science classes. He was not familiar with certain concepts that other

from the career center. “Had I not had those resources, I definitely would have been discouraged last semester. After meeting with my professor, he told me that even though I didn’t do well in the courses, it shouldn’t deter me from following through with the major, which is why I’m still going,” King said. “Otherwise, I would have probably switched to something outside of [science, technology and mathematics.]” King said that people’s socioeconomic backgrounds could also affect how they choose their majors. Money was not the main reason he decided on a computer science degree over design, but he said he considered the economic reasons more than many of his peers. “When deciding a major and which internships you apply for—coming from a lessadvantaged background—you think more about how one thing will lead to another, which will Ha Nguyen | Staff Graphic Designer lead to getting a better job or higher-paying job, so you can help yourself and your family,” King said. “I feel like some of my peers who aren’t as students learned in high school. “I feel like often my peers have a better background worried about money can major in things that in computer science than I do because I picked it up in are deemed less profitable.” college, and a lot of them had knowledge of it in the schools that they went to,” he said. King noted that he maintained his grades in Computer Science 101 and 201 thanks to resources FROM PAGE 1 that Duke provides, such as peer tutors. However, as the classes became more advanced and his probation and a reflective assignment. schedule tightened, his GPA declined. Bryan encouraged students to find fun GPAs are particularly important in computer things to do that are safe and don’t break laws science. Jobs and internships are principally or Duke policies. merit-based, King said, so people of any “Serious falls from buildings occur every year background can apply for similar jobs, and the on college campuses,” Bryan wrote. “Even though more qualified candidate will likely be chosen. students may feel confident in their abilities, the Therefore, coming from a less-advantaged slightest misstep could result in tragedy.” background negatively impacted King’s Safety was admittedly one of Ahmedopportunities for internships. Fouad’s concerns when he climbed Baldwin. However, as a Washington Duke scholar, He said even Peterson, who is normally fairly King said he received increased support and light-hearted, was cautious and serious when resources. He added that he hasn’t worried about they climbed together. Peterson said he can the recruitment process because he has taken See CLIMB on Page 12 advantage of professional development training

CLIMB

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sportswrap october 16, 2017

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OUT OF REACH WOMEN’S GOLF: WINS TITLE BY ONE STROKE • WOMEN’S SOCCER: ROUTS MIAMI ON SENIOR DAY

FOOTBALL

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MISSED OPPORTUNITY

After entering the fourth quarter tied at 10, Duke came up empty on three straight drives By Ben Leonard Blue Zone Editor

After a perfect 4-0 start to the season, some believed the Blue Devils were ready to take the next step. But after three straight losses, Duke and its sputtering offense have fallen out of relevancy in the ACC. In their last three games, the Blue Devils have scored just three offensive touchdowns, and the offense struggled once again in a 17-10 loss to Florida State Saturday at Wallace Wade Stadium. Led by a balanced approach with an 18-of-21 performance from quarterback James Blackman and 115 rushing yards from Cam Akers, Florida State outgained Duke by more than 100 yards en route to a late victory. Duke had two late drives with a chance to score a game-tying touchdown and crossed midfield with no timeouts in the final minute. Blue Devil quarterback Daniel Jones made several impressive passes to get his team 30 yards from the end zone, but valuable time ticked away when Johnathan Lloyd was tackled in bounds with 30 seconds left, and a desperation Hail Mary was knocked down in the end zone as time expired. “It’s got to be my job and those other guys like [Jones] to rally the team and make sure there are no heads hanging or slumps or anything like that,” defensive tackle Mike Ramsay said. “It’s easy when you start 4-0 and lose three in a row for people to start hanging their heads, especially young guys. It’s our job to keep the morale high

Ian Jaffe | Photography Editor

Florida State won despite going nearly 45 minutes without a touchdown after its first score. in the locker room.” Jones was more efficient than he was in his 14-of-42 outing last week against Virginia, completing 22-of-34 passing attempts for 204 yards. The Seminoles dominated the time of possession by more than 10 minutes, however, thanks to an effective ground game. “We improved in the passing game and were able to execute, but were probably not consistent enough,” Jones said. “Obviously, we still have a lot to correct and work to do this week.”

The Blue Devils (4-3, 1-3 in the ACC) also struggled to make explosive plays in both phases of the offense, averaging just 5.5 yards per passing attempt with one play of more than 21 yards—a 57-yard pass to T.J. Rahming on a Jones scramble. Outside of Rahming, no Duke receiver had more than 20 yards receiving, and the Blue Devils had just one rush of more than 15 yards. “I kept thinking we were going to break a big long run,” head coach David Cutcliffe said. “We’re not quite built that way yet, but we want to be

built where we can have explosive plays running, on play action [and] drop back.” Nevertheless, Duke tied the game at 10 late in the third quarter, but a 42-yard touchdown run by Akers midway through the fourth quarter, just the second score on the ground of the season for Florida State, put the Seminoles ahead of the Blue Devils for good. Duke entered Saturday with the No. 7 rushing defense in the country, but struggled to slow the physical duo of Akers and 6-foot-3, 234-pound back Jacques Patrick, allowing 213 rushing yards between the two of them. “They’re big, physical backs,” Ramsay said. “We need to do a better job of tackling, regardless of how big the back is or who they are…. There are no ankle tackles with them. You have to be physical with them, rally to the ball, gang tackle and make sure that 11 hats get to the ball.” Despite their struggles in stopping the run, the Blue Devils forced enough key turnovers to keep themselves in the game against the talented Seminoles (2-3, 2-2). After being pushed around early and nearly staring down a 14-0 first-quarter deficit to the nation’s preseason No. 3 team, Duke looked sunk. Akers and Patrick left Duke defenders strewn all over the field on missed tackles, racking up 70 combined rushing yards on their first two drives. The Blue Devils couldn’t make plays in space, including on a crucial third-and-1 at the Florida See FOOTBALL on Page 9

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FOOTBALL

Duke defense struggles to bring down Seminoles By Hank Tucker Sports Editor

On Florida State’s first third-and-1 opportunity a little more than a minute into the game, Duke defensive tackle Edgar Cerenord and safety Alonzo Saxton II both made contact with running back Jacques Patrick behind the line of scrimmage. It was business as usual for one of the top run defenses in the nation entering the game. Except what happened next was not. Instead of going down, Patrick dragged Saxton past the first-down chains for a three-yard gain to extend a drive that ended in a Seminole touchdown. Missed tackles continued to be a theme for the Blue Devils, who allowed more than 200 rushing yards for the first time all season. “Defensively, we played well,” Duke head coach David Cutcliffe said. “If we tackled just

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Cam Akers was the first player to rush for more than 100 yards against Duke this year.

better, just better, then we [would have] played maybe terrifically because it would have been more stops.” Cutcliffe was concerned with the Blue Devils’ tackling in the second half of its loss to Virginia last Saturday, but the problem came to the forefront against the Seminoles. Although Duke shut down Miami’s 5-foot-9 Mark Walton and Northwestern’s 5-foot-11 Justin Jackson, neither was built anything like Patrick—a 6-foot-3, 234-pound power back. Patrick picked up 98 yards—averaging 5.4 yards per carry—and he was outgained by backfield mate Cam Akers, who ran for 115 on just 15 carries. In all, the Blue Devils allowed 5.7 yards per attempt on the ground, nearly double their season average of 2.9 entering the game. “They were definitely trying to bring it to us, and we knew more than one person would have to be there in order to take especially Patrick down,” said Saxton, who led Duke with 14 tackles. “We knew that we couldn’t just throw a shoulder in there. We would have to wrap and get their hips or legs or something and gang tackle to bring them down.” Although the Blue Devils kept Florida State off the scoreboard for the rest of the first half after its opening drive, the same thing happened on the Seminoles’ first opportunity of the second half on third-and-1 deep in their own territory. Patrick took the handoff and was immediately met by All-ACC linebacker Ben Humphreys, who had a clean path to Patrick and wrapped both arms around the running back. But Patrick somehow spun out of trouble for a 10-yard gain to help the Seminoles tack on three more points with a field goal. The game-winning touchdown with 8:23 remaining resulted from yet another missed tackle, this time with Cam Akers as the ballcarrier. On third-and-2, Akers ran up to

Ian Jaffe | Photography Editor

The Blue Devils usually needed two or three defenders to bring Seminole running backs Jacques Patrick and Cam Akers to the ground. the middle and shrugged off backup linebacker Koby Quansah’s attempt at a diving tackle before trotting 42 yards into the end zone. “Akers is terrific, strong—both of them, and they’re really good football players. Patrick is a really good football player,” Cutcliffe said. “You knew going in if we depended on a lot of one-on-one tackling with those kinds of guys, you’re not going to win every one of those battles, so getting two and three to the ball became critical.” Duke settled down in the second half, giving up just 34 rushing yards in the third quarter, but Florida State eventually wore the Blue Devils down enough to score the game-winning touchdown. The Seminoles converted three straight third downs on their final scoring drive against a Duke team that entered the day third in the nation in third-

down defense, only allowing opponents to convert 23.8 percent of the time. “I don’t think there was any shell-shock in playing Florida State. They just made some great plays, had some athletes on their side,” redshirt senior defensive tackle Mike Ramsay said. “They’re some big, physical backs.” The Blue Devils will face two more physical running backs in the next two weeks. Pittsburgh’s Qadree Ollison is listed at 6-foot2, 230 pounds, and Virginia Tech’s Travon McMillian is 6-feet, 210 pounds. If Duke does not fix the problems Florida State exposed Saturday, its skid could keep snowballing. “Sometimes it’s not just quote ‘tackling better,’ it’s how we can get to people,” Cutcliffe said. “Our kids were doing everything they could at times to get people on the ground, it just didn’t happen.”

WOMEN’S SOCCER

Blue Devils allow 0 shots for first time since 2003 By Jack Dolgin Staff Writer

Before Sunday’s game, the public address announcer at Koskinen Stadium asked the crowd to get rowdy, saying that the game day staff would throw pink-colored mini soccer balls from the top of Kennedy Tower. But there were no soccer balls for several minutes, foreshadowing the slow start the Blue Devils would need before getting on the scoreboard. And like the eventual tossing of the mini balls, once Duke scored, it did so in a flurry. After failing to capitalize on scoring chances in the first half, the fourth-ranked Blue Devils won their 14th straight game with a 3-0 victory against Miami Sunday afternoon and finished the game allowing no shots for the first time since MIAMI 0 Aug. 29, 2003. Once 3 the second half came DUKE around, Duke broke the game open with a goal by Kayla McCoy that was quickly followed by a Rebecca Quinn score, and Malinda Allen found the back of the net in the closing minutes to round out the scoring.

“It was difficult [to score at first] because they packed it in a lot, and so they had a lot of numbers, especially around their 18 and in the box,” Quinn said. “We were frustrated trying to play it through them and get those nice finishes behind their back line, so I think we sometimes settled for shots outside the 18.” Duke blew a few opportunities in the first half that resulted in the Blue Devils, undefeated in ACC play entering the game, being tied at the half with the Hurricanes—a team that has not won a conference game. Chelsea Burns had a penalty kick in the 14th minute, but shot it to the right at the lunging goalkeeper for her first miss at the spot in five tries this year. A little later, Quinn would have been on the receiving end of a free kick from Ella Stevens from outside the box, but standing near the penalty spot with a great chance for a header score, she uncharacteristically whiffed. Although Duke had no goals to show for it at halftime, it had outshot the Hurricanes 12-0, a theme that would continue. The Blue Devils (14-1, 7-0 in the ACC) never had any shots to stop, as Duke’s back line had hardly any threats to extinguish—Miami (4-9, 0-7) struggled to even get the ball past the Blue Devil midfield.

“We really pressed them, so we didn’t let them out of their half well,” Duke head coach Robbie Church said. “They didn’t get a lot of rhythm in their build-up.” McCoy, who struggled to recall how she

scored after the game, finished a cross from Dorsey that came on the ground and rolled across the box in front of the goal. McCoy met See W. SOCCER on Page 9

Sujal Manohar | Recess Photography Editor

After Duke played a dominant but scoreless first half, Kayla McCoy opened the floodgates with a goal in the 52nd minute.

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8 | MONDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2017

WOMEN’S GOLF

Duke holds off late Alabama surge to take crown By Drew Johnson Staff Writer

For a moment, it looked as if Alabama— which began the day trailing the Blue Devils by 10 strokes—was about to turn Duke’s terrific start to the Ruth’s Chris Tar Heel Invitational into a story of disappointment. But several Blue Devils ended their rounds with clutch performances, as the team bested the second-ranked Crimson Tide by four strokes during its final two holes to come out on top by a single shot. In its second victory through three events this season, No. 6 Duke finished with a 31-under-par total at UNC’s Finley Golf Course, marking the 15th time it has won the Chapel Hill event. Senior Leona Maguire also took home some individual hardware during the 54-hole tournament held Friday through Sunday, posting a tournament-record

12-under-par total to beat South Carolina’s Ainhoa Olarra by one stroke. “I saw so much poise in the last day of this tournament,” Blue Devil head coach Dan Brooks said. “I was really, really happy with what I was seeing. When you’re out there, you can sense when the team has moved up on you...They weren’t under any false pretenses. They knew that it was close.” Duke looked to be in a comfortable position for a victory before the start of Sunday’s round, holding a 10-stroke cushion against Alabama after shooting 17-under-par—the second-lowest round in school history—in round two Saturday. But the Crimson Tide responded by charging out of the gates Sunday, carding just one bogey as a team during their first nine holes compared to 10 birdies, which cut the Blue Devils’ lead to four with all players through seven holes.

Sanjeev Dasgupta | Sports Photography Editor

Leona Maguire shot 12-under-par for 54 holes to take home the individual title in Chapel Hill, staying in front of seven competitors who finished within three strokes of her.

Photo Courtesy of Andy Mead/UNC Athletics

Duke won the Tar Heel Invitational for the 15th time in school history, finishing one stroke ahead of Alabama.

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The scales continued to tip in Alabama’s favor late into the round, as Kristen Gillman, Lauren Stephenson and Cheyenne Knight piled on the birdies and were well on their way to carding rounds in the mid 60’s. Before long, Duke’s lead had vanished, and it found itself down by one with four holes remaining. Then, freshman Miranda Wang—who had just three birdies in her previous 30 holes when she teed off on the par-5 17th— dropped birdies on three of her final four holes of the shotgun-start event, finishing on the par-4 second hole with a 2-under-par round of 70. At about the same time, Virginia Elena Carta heated up late in her round at the perfect moment. The junior and former individual national champion birdied both the 17th and 18th holes to turn in a 69 on the par-72 course, helping her team move back ahead of Alabama while placing ninth individually, her

best result of the season. Along with Wang’s late birdies, Carta’s surge was enough for the team to hoist another trophy just down Tobacco Road. “I was walking with [Virginia] the last two holes—she put some of the best swings I’ve ever seen her take on the shots coming in on her last two holes,” Brooks said. “You can bet she knew that we were close and yet she puts some great, rhythmic swings on the shots, so I was very impressed by that.” But Carta’s and Wang’s late birdies would have meant nothing without solid play from their teammates throughout the weekend. Maguire opened the event with a 3-under-par 69 on the 6,379-yard track, then followed it with a bogey-free 66 during Saturday’s round before squeezing out a win with another 69 Sunday despite heavy See W. GOLF on Page 9

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FOOTBALL FROM PAGE 6 State 26-yard line on the opening drive, in which they seemed to have Patrick bottled behind the line of scrimmage. But the running back powered through several defenders for the first down. After a 12-play, 83-yard touchdown drive, the Seminoles threatened once again just outside the red zone up 7-0 in the first quarter. Akers and Patrick helped power the Seminoles all the way to Duke’s 31-yard line, priming them for another golden scoring opportunity. “We need to improve at the beginning of the half, the beginning of the game,” Ramsay said. “We’ve let offenses get rolling too early. We need to come out a little more firm, a little more ready to play, instead of letting them score and then we start playing.” But deep in Duke territory, a Florida State receiver slipped on third down, allowing Mark Gilbert to pick off Blackman, who had completed

Jonah Sinclair | Contributing Photographer

Shaun Wilson threw an interception to Emmett Rice on a trick play.

MONDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2017 | 9

W. SOCCER

his first seven passes. From there, Duke took the momentum, driving 15 plays and 66 yards before settling for a field goal. With a 7-3 lead and threatening again, head coach David Cutcliffe tried some trickery—to no avail. After Brittain Brown had taken three carries for 34 yards and Daniel Jones’ offense churned all the way to Florida State’s 36-yard line late in the second, Jones pitched it to Wilson, who lobbed it downfield to tight end Daniel Helm. Thrown into triple coverage, the pass was deflected up and picked off by linebacker Emmett Rice. The Seminoles had another chance to score, but unlike against Virginia and North Carolina, Duke held strong in the waning minutes of the first half. The Blue Devils responded to a field goal late in the third quarter with a seven-play, 75-yard touchdown drive, capped by a nine-yard run by Brown. On the next drive, they made another big play to gain possession in a tie game, with safety Jeremy McDuffie intercepting Blackman and returning it to near midfield. But Duke quickly went three-and-out with Quentin Harris at quarterback in place of Jones on third down, punting it away only to see Florida State take the lead on the next drive. “He’s a really good football player and deserves the ability to get out there and make plays,” Jones said of Harris. The Blue Devils will get a golden opportunity to snap their three-game losing streak next week at home against Pittsburgh, a team that has yet to beat a Power Five opponent this season. “We’re on the right track,” Cutcliffe said. “As crazy as this may sound, I’m excited about the opportunity that lies ahead of us. It has nothing to do with Pittsburgh. It has everything to do with Duke. What can we respond and do? I’m excited for the challenge.”

game, crossed the ball to Allen on a free kick, and Allen finished with a volley to the left side of the goal. The Blue Devils began the game by having senior goalkeeper Abby Pyne, who has missed essentially her entire career at Duke due to several knee surgeries, start the game in the field and then come out a few seconds later. The gesture was met with applause from a crowd that included many parents who came for Senior Day. “They’ve represented the university so well over their four years,” Church said of the seniors. “The group has gone the whole gambit and didn’t make the NCAA tournament, [made] the finals, the final eight, and who knows what their journey will be here at the end.” Duke is back in action on the road next week, first at Boston College Thursday at 7 p.m. and then at Syracuse Sunday at 1 p.m.

FROM PAGE 7 the ball in stride and poked it into the far side of the goal for the breakthrough. “We hadn’t had enough people in the box attacking her crosses as we wanted to,” McCoy said of her finish in the 52nd minute. “I think that cross, we had more people available to get on it.” Quinn then scored her second goal of the year just six minutes later when she hit the ball to the right of the keeper from the top of the box. That goal came off a corner kick, and it was not the last time the Blue Devils scored on a set piece. Allen scored her second goal of the year with two minutes remaining and the Blue Devils playing mostly reserves to wind out the clock. Olivia Erlbeck, a starter from last year who has only averaged 14 minutes per

a quiet scorecard Sunday that included 15 pars, two birdies and one bogey to yield a FROM PAGE 8 71 and finish in a tie for 13th. Boonchant pressure from several players—seven has now finished in the top-15 in each of her competitors finished within three strokes first three college starts. Ana Belac also had her best round of the of Maguire. “I’m really proud of both the team weekend Saturday, rolling in a 10-footer and my individual performance this for birdie on the 2nd hole and tapping-in week,” Maguire told GoDuke.com. birdies on holes 11 and 17 in a round of 69. “We played some true Duke golf this The sophomore opened with a round of 73 weekend against a very high-quality and closed with a 71, but made a crucial field. Everyone really dug deep coming birdie on the par-4 18th hole Sunday to help down the stretch to hold off Alabama, put her team in the winner’s circle. “You learn a lot when there’s situations and it gives us great confidence leading like this, when you find out what they’re into our final event of the fall.” When Wang had her off day Saturday capable of,” Brooks said. “I was just extremely with a 75, freshman Jaravee Boonchant pleased with what I saw this weekend.” The Blue Devils will tee up next Oct. 27stepped up to contribute to the 17-underNew York five Times Syndication 29 Corporation in Wilmington, N.C., for the Landfall par teamThe total, posting birdies and justSales 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018 Tradition, which they won by 11 strokes one bogey to shoot The Bangkok For 68. Information Call: native 1-800-972-3550 their last trip there in 2015. opened with a For round of 72 Monday, Friday and had during Release October 16, Saturday, October 7, 2017

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

The Chronicle

10 | MONDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2017

More than a numbers game

t the fall Board of Trustees meeting two Saturdays ago, Duke released its long-awaited endowment figures for the preceding fiscal cycle. As reported by DUMAC, the organization in charge of overseeing the university’s investments, Duke University’s total endowment now stands at $7.9 billion after having experienced 12.7 percent growth for fiscal 2017. Peer institutions have also reported similarly impressive endowment figures, with universities like Brown reporting a 13.4 percent annual return on its $3.5 billion endowment and Stanford reporting a 13.1 percent net investment return for its $24.8 billion endowment. All in all, Duke’s strong endowment figures for this year bode well for the University as a whole. After all, a significant portion of Duke’s annual multi-billion dollar budget originates specifically from the endowment. A stronger endowment results in more funds being made available for concrete improvements in the overall university, such as financial aid, construction and research. Nonetheless, much of the attention concerning the endowment is often directed towards its surfacelevel numbers than what such fiscal improvements can actually represent. More than just congratulating ourselves on a successful fiscal cycle, students and community members should seek to understand the tangible improvements that can be made to the university setting with such funds.

“I agree that regular order and the ability of the political parties to compromise is extremely helpful to having our government work effectively. A very large monkey wrench was thrown into the bipartisan works when Robert Bork was borked.” —Gus Barkley on Tim Kowalczyk’s Oct. 12 column, “E pluribus unum”

LETTERS POLICY The Chronicle welcomes submissions in the form of letters to the editor or guest columns. Submissions must include the author’s name, signature, department or class, and for purposes of identification, phone number and local address. Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns. The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

Similar to our obsession with college rankings, our collective attention to such news surrounding university endowments often coalesces around comparing the “winners” and “losers” in each numbers-driven rat race for collegiate supremacy. Harvard’s relatively laggard 8.1 percent return on its $37 billion endowment was even criticized as “disappointing” and “not where it needs to be” by the CEO of its endowment. Similarly, the New York Times described Yale’s 11.3 percent return on its

Editorial Board $27 billion endowment as “disappointing” and “laggard” for the Ivy League school. At 12.7 percent, on par with Cambridge Associates’ preliminary mean one-year return for 450 institutions in fiscal 2017, Duke’s annual rate of return for 2017 seems to signify for prestigeminded Dukies that we currently remain abreast of our elite peers. Such a purely prestige oriented approach to understanding the endowment, however, often ignores the real, tangible and diverse improvements to Duke, such as improving financial aid, that can be made using such funds. As of late, certain Congress members have pressured heavily endowed universities to spend more on financial aid or risk losing their tax-exempt status

as not-for-profit institutions; Duke should heed the call and make its own financial aid overhaul through our improved finances. Despite at the time possessing an endowment over two and six times that of Johns Hopkins and Georgetown respectively, Duke in 2015 reported a higher average annual tuition cost than both lesser-endowed peers. Duke also remains one of the few elite institutions in the country to still maintain loans within its financial aid despite universal moves by peer institutions towards a no-loan policy. Certainly, it is quite feasible for some portion of the improved university endowment to be devoted towards revamping financial aid at Duke. The improved financial state of the endowment represents an important opportunity to fund key changes to our university, especially in areas in which we remain laggard. Instead of merely congratulating ourselves on growing our endowment at similar rates to peer institutions, we as a university should aim to make physical, tangible changes—such as better financial aid—to Duke using our much improved finances. More than just representing a giant hedge fund dedicated to outperforming Harvard or Brown, the mission of Duke’s endowment is “to support the people, programs and activities of the university in perpetuity.” As a university with an $8 billion endowment, we should strive to do exactly that.

On majors and intentionality

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LIKHITHA BUTCHIREDDYGARI, Editor HANK TUCKER, Sports Editor KENRICK CAI, News Editor SAM TURKEN, Managing Editor VIR PATEL, Senior Editor ADAM BEYER, Digital Strategy Team Director IAN JAFFE, Photography Editor JACKSON PRINCE, Editorial Page Editor ALAN KO, Editorial Board Chair SYDNEY ROBERTS, Editorial Board Chair CHRISSY BECK, General Manager ISABELLE DOAN, University News Department Head JOYCE ER, University News Department Head BRE BRADHAM, Local & National News Head NATHAN LUZUM, Health & Science News Head SHAGUN VASHISTH, Health & Science News Head JIM LIU, News Photography Editor WILL ATKINSON, Recess Editor NINA WILDER, Recess Managing Editor SUJAL MANOHAR, Recess Photography Editor SANJEEV DASGUPTA, Sports Photography Editor MITCHELL GLADSTONE, Sports Managing Editor LEAH ABRAMS, Editorial Page Managing Editor CARLY STERN, Editorial Page Managing Editor NEAL VAIDYA, Audio Editor JAMIE COHEN, Social Media Editor JEREMY CHEN, Graphic Design Editor CLAIRE BALLENTINE, Towerview Editor JUAN BERMUDEZ, Online Photography Editor NEELESH MOORTHY, Towerview Editor NEELESH MOORTHY, Investigations Editor ABIGAIL XIE, Investigations Editor CAROLYN CHANG, Towerview Photography Editor CAROLINE BROCKETT, Recruitment Chair CLAIRE BALLENTINE, Recruitment Chair SHAGUN VASHISTH, Recruitment Chair SARAH KERMAN, Senior News Reporter KATHERINE BERKO, Senior News Reporter LEXI KADIS, Senior News Reporter MEGAN HAVEN, Advertising Director JULIE MOORE, Creative Director The Chronicle is published by the Duke Student Publishing Company, Inc., a non-profit corporation independent of Duke University. The opinions expressed in this newspaper are not necessarily those of Duke University, its students, faculty, staff, administration or trustees. Unsigned editorials represent the majority view of the editorial board. Columns, letters and cartoons represent the views of the authors. To reach the Editorial Office at 301 Flowers Building, call 684-2663 or fax 684-4696. To reach the Business Office at 1517 Hull Avenue call 684-3811. To reach the Advertising Office at 2022 Campus Drive call 684-3811. One copy per person; additional copies may be purchased for .25 at The Chronicle Business office at the address above. @ 2017 Duke Student Publishing Company

What’s a biomedical engineering degree worth if you only pursue one for its supposed prestige? Should you major in neuroscience without ever considering anything else? Why should you use electives to take finance classes in preparation for a career in banking, when you’d really rather explore cultural anthropology?

Sabriyya Pate IN FORMATION How can you justify taking a pre-medical track only to appease friends and family? Why only take “easy” classes to keep a high-GPA for law school admissions, instead of choosing classes based on topics and professors? Above all, are you truly engaged in your academics or does the pressure to prepare for a career after college prevent you from delving into your coursework? The answers to the above questions vary greatly between individuals, and the potential responses are unique functions of both the controllable and uncontrollable. There is a difference between not knowing what you want to do with your major, and not knowing why you are completing your major. The existence of the latter sentiment, not the former, is a threat to higher education as we know it. So what is it with students and asking “Why?” It cannot be a fear of being “that nerd”—definitionally, universities are hubs for those who love learning. Perhaps it is not a fear, but rather an absence of informal spaces that inspire individuals to interrogate their chosen academic paths. In addition to promoting formal campus resources, which are exceedingly easy to access, the broader university climate must sponsor the realms of questioning that inspire people to live intentional lives. For example, when picking classes, it is easy to get trapped in the process of planning requirements for your major, your minor and your certificate. This doesn’t leave much time to consider the fundamental value of a class, let alone ponder why you really want a Markets and Management certificate. Of course, people have real and conscionable reasons for pursuing majors that do not excite them. Finances, job security and familial obligations are staples of life, and its imperfections, and it is a tremendous privilege to remain unaware of these considerations. However, complete passivity is not a trait of the emboldened. For those who can afford to push back against constricting forces—such as the expectations of peers, assumptions about the future and simply not taking the time to discover interests—now is the time to explore.

Curriculum changes proposed in the future, and the debates that will ensue in light of them, are irrelevant if students are ultimately not intentional and purposeful with their pursuits. One idea to promote a culture of unfettered academic engagement on campus is to restructure the majors fairs, so that rather than than “selling” themselves, departments seek to uncover students’ passions and find best fits for them. Better yet, what if there were ways to test out different majors in a way that is more substantial than the majors fairs, but less intensive than taking a class? For example, seminar events that focus on what degrees from various departments mean to students majoring in the field would be widely attended. Rachael Lau, a sophomore from Illinois, coined the term “Explorations Fair” to describe a type of fair that allows students to test out various professional fields. This will allow them to develop a better conception of what life post-graduation can look like for a biomedical engineer, for example. This could build on the efforts of Sanford’s incredible EMBARK initiative, which seeks to expose students to the diversity of careers related to policy. Perhaps the Career Center can work with major departments to facilitate strategies comparable to those of the consulting, finance and tech industries that currently strategize to recruit from college campuses. It is no accident that a large percentage of Duke students go into banking and consulting, after all. Such firms have robust marketing schemes that target elite universities and foster reputations that draw students to apply. And, if the major options offered in both Trinity College and the Pratt School do not entice your intellectual curiosity, you may always apply to pursue Program II—an interdisciplinary course of study that allows students to meet their unique academic and intellectual goals. If interested, email Dean Rachael Murphey-Brown today. At the same time, I am not a Program II student and you are not a public policy major. Or at least, we are much, much more. Majors do not translate to passions, interests, values and ambitions, so let’s stop making the association. Ultimately, for the individual, making the most of a higher education is all about openly interrogating each and every one of our choices, and not deluding ourselves with our proclaimed intentions. New York junior Jiahui Liao said it best: “I know that I want to sell my soul to financial services for at least my first few years after college. But at least I know and can own it.” Whatever your calling may be, resist the pressure to shape your life to the fancy of presumed norms. In this four-year long incubator, as early as possible, we must learn to ask ourselves: what do I want to get out of Duke? Sabriyya Pate is a Trinity junior. Her column, “in formation,” runs on alternate Mondays.

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Debating guns and ‘Gorgias’ at Duke

n Plato’s ‘Gorgias,’ Socrates elucidates the relationship between philosophy and rhetoric. After debating with the famed rhetorician Gorgias, Socrates establishes that philosophy is an art—a true comprehension of a moral argument—whereas rhetoric is a skill oft

Jacob Weiss NOT JUMPING TO ANY CONCLUSIONS used for personal gain. Rhetoric, in short, is the ability to advance one’s particular philosophy; without either component—rhetoric or philosophy— an argument will never see the light of day. Should one utilize philosophy and neglect rhetoric, his or her words will fall upon uninterested ears. Should one utilize rhetoric and neglect philosophy, his or her ideas will remain unclear. In the wake of the tragic mass shooting in Las Vegas, those possessing a public forum to advance certain philosophies have been largely guilty of the latter. While the forum itself may differ—today a tweet or a page on the Chronicle; yesterday, a speech delivered at the base of the Acropolis— those speaking on the topic of gun control have employed the same preference of rhetoric over philosophy used by Gorgias in the Platonic dialogue. Whether it be Hillary Clinton tweeting an uninformed hypothetical about silencers in an effort to bash the National Rifle Association (NRA), the Chronicle editorial board using the incident to condemn “white masculinity,” or the famed conservative rallying cry of “stop exploiting victims for political gain,” modern day orators have taken the Gorgian approach of flattering their audiences with arguments to which they already identify. Those on both sides of the gun debate do this in lieu of discerning a proper philosophy on the gun state. I, for one, am convinced that there is a solution to the gun debate. I am also convinced that this solution has nothing to do with silencers, which—despite their name— do not actually silence the sound of a gun firing, nor the proportion of white males in the United States. I believe it does not necessitate “exploiting victims for political gain” simply by discussing it. I truly am convinced that this solution may only be arrived at if we are willing to debate the issue with both candor and compatriots passionate about more than just politics. Unfortunately, this means that the issue will likely have to be resolved outside of the chambers of Congress. Within the walls of Duke’s Richard H. Brodhead Center for Campus Life—more specifically, in the back of JB’s Roasts and Chops—I sat down with one such compatriot. We discussed what happened in Las Vegas and what, if anything, could be done to prevent similar incidents from happening again. Our Platonic dialogue began with me taking a pro-Second Amendment stance, in response to my partner-in-debate’s decisively anti-gun viewpoint. My opponent declared that only nonautomatic weapons, for the sole purpose of defending oneself from his or her neighbors, need be permitted—raising the contention that no person would need to own semiautomatic weaponry to protect oneself against other civilians if such caliber weapons were banned. He also claimed that the U.S. government could not possibly become a tyranny, eliminating the need for arms that could rival the military’s. I countered by providing numerous instances

of democracies that have turned into tyrannies. I cited two examples of when the United States infringed upon the rights of its citizens, as recently as the 1940s—the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II, and the compulsory sterilization of the mentally disabled and the mentally ill in some states prior to and even after the Supreme Court ruling in Skinner v. State of Oklahoma. He conceded that the possibility of tyranny does exist, but also replied, “By that logic, we should arm the mentally ill.” Furthermore, he stated that, if I were really passionate about the Second Amendment serving its fundamental purpose to resist government tyranny, I should not be in favor of limiting the U.S. populace to semi-automatic weaponry. For the sake of consistency, he stated, I should wish that Americans have the right to purchase tanks and rocket launchers. We were both stuck in our arguments. My opponent had based his argument off the notion that the potential for American government tyranny does not exist, and was proven otherwise; I had posited that Americans have a right to defend themselves against government tyranny, but could not reconcile that argument with the risk to security that unfettered access to arms presented. Over two plates of onion rings and strip steak, we had unearthed the central question behind the gun debate: how do we optimize the security of American citizens from both the government and themselves? For every point in the debate, there was a valid retort. The Founding Fathers did not write the Second Amendment to apply to modern weaponry. Then, should we not apply First Amendment protections to modern mediums of speech, such as radio and television? It would be impractical to confiscate all the guns. Maybe so, but why not try to limit proliferation? This is an argument from fallacy— just because it would be difficult to rid the country of guns, does not necessarily mean that we should not rid the country of guns. Even if we permitted U.S. citizens to carry any and all weapons, a civilian population could not resist the U.S. military. What about the efforts to stabilize Iraq after the 2003 invasion? Government tyranny must be resisted at all costs. What about the potential to misconstrue government tyranny? Some may argue that the actor who shot Rep. Steve Scalise was fighting tyranny. At the end of our debate, my opponent and I had made little headway on answering the central question to the gun debate, but we had gained a better understanding of both arguments—which is a hell of a lot more than Hillary Clinton, the Chronicle Editorial Board and conservative outlets like the National Review can say. Maybe an annual mass shooting is the “price of freedom;” maybe it’s a completely avoidable occurrence. Maybe American democracy has past the potential for tyranny; maybe, in the words of Benjamin Franklin, it is still “two wolves and a lamb voting on what they are going to have for lunch.” Maybe the solution is a complete and total repeal of the Second Amendment; maybe it is what we currently have. We will never reach consensus, however, if we continue to promote unsubstantiated ideas within neatly defined echo chambers. Optimizing the security of American citizens from both the government and themselves can only come from rigorous philosophical debate, in which facts—not Gorgian rhetoric—serve as artillery. Jacob Weiss is a Trinity senior. His column, “not jumping to acy conclusions,” runs on alternatde Mondays.

MONDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2017 | 11

‘No more news’ In light of recent political and environmental events, students at Duke have ceased reading the news in order to minimize stress and focus on how terrible their own lives are rather than worry about the general terribleness of everything else. When the nonstop current of natural disasters seemed to pause for a few hours at one point last week, wildfires picked up in California just a few days ago and reminded us just how s**t everything is. Today, students have finally given up hoping that s**t will ever stop. “When Harvey and Irma happened a few weeks ago I was pretty overwhelmed,” one student from South Florida said. “But then they kept reporting more tragedies, and then Mexico and Puerto Rico also got hit by

Daniela Flamini COLUMNIST natural disasters, and I just couldn’t keep up anymore.” One student from Los Angeles admitted, “When I first saw clips of the wildfires, I thought the apocalypse had finally begun. I’d been expecting it for a few weeks, to be honest. But it was just another random, depressingly bad natural disaster; it wasn’t titanic enough to end the world but just s**t enough to ruin my week.” The political climate, both domestically and internationally, has competed to deliver unbelievably frustrating and upsetting headlines. “Yeah, I’ve been trying to figure out what the hell has been going on in Spain for like the last two days. Still don’t really get it. But from the looks of it, it just looks really s****y,” one history professor noted to his class before beginning his lecture on the Middle Ages, what was once a happy time for Europe. As far as the Trump administration goes, both liberals and conservatives alike have begun to worry that things are getting out of hand. One junior expressed that though he felt hopeful that perhaps President Trump would be a big game-changer in American politics, he now wants to crawl in a hole every time he watches CNN. “When the throwing-paper-towel-into-a-crowd thing happened while Trump was in Puerto Rico, I thought at first that maybe I had accidentally opened up a satirical news article,” he explained. “But it was painfully true, and truly some s**t if I’ve ever seen it.” Journalism professors have been particularly frustrated with this growing trend, as keeping up with the news is generally a standard held for many of their classes. Nonetheless, one professor said that no matter how much he’s tried, he has not been able to convince his students to read the news. “They just won’t do it anymore,” he complained. “They tell me they’d rather fail my class than have to spend all their time angry at Trump or depressed about the weather.” As a result, very few students on campus seem to know about anything happening outside of Duke, and many have picked up other habits to replace what would have been the time they spent reading the news. “The Fix My Campus Facebook page has become one of my favorite places to go read about stuff. Since I’m definitely not going to listen to any s**t about real politics or current events, the tense policy arguments on Fix My Campus give me the perfect rush of rage,” one sophomore said. Many first-years, who generally tend to be much more hopeful about the future and genuinely believe they’re going to be able to one day affect change for the better, have been baffled by how unknowledgeable other students are about the status quo. One freshman girl said that last week in her U.S. Foreign Policy class, “A senior asked our professor what Venezuela was. And the week before that, I tried to bring up all of that s**t going on in Myanmar in our discussion, and everyone just gave me blank stares. Myanmar is a real place, right? That s**t is definitely happening. Does anyone know?” It seems that, for the most part, no one actually knows. Some seniors have come forth with admitting that since the beginning of the semester, they’ve entirely stopped reading anything longer than a tweet’s worth. One group of fraternity boys even tried to plan a lastminute trip to Puerto Rico over fall break, before realizing that the island is in shambles. “Yeah, we were pretty bummed when we googled ‘Fun things to do in Puerto Rico’ and realized that the country is actually undergoing a severe humanitarian crisis after the hurricane,” one of the frat boys explained. “But at least we ended up being able to go to Las Vegas last minute, so that was some good s**t. No recent disaster or catastrophe there whatsoever, thank God.” Though some worried that the students’ lack of knowledge about the world may enable them to act selfishly and insensitively, others argued that if too much attention was paid to current affairs outside of Duke, no one would have time to worry about issues pertaining to the university, or to deal with the stress of their own lives. “Look, I get that there’s more to life than just Duke, but my next round of midterms is coming up soon and I can’t afford the risk of opening up another super depressing BBC notification,” a student argued. “Last time I did, we were about to go to nuclear war with North Korea or some s**t. So no, thank you.” Daniela Flamini is a Trinity junior. Her column runs on alternate Mondays.

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CLIMB FROM PAGE 4 understand the dangers involved as well, particularly when students are intoxicated. But these concerns didn’t stop Ahmed-Fouad from climbing a second time. He wanted to see how far up he could go—he hadn’t gone as high as possible the previous time. Although he couldn’t reach the top because it was too steep and slippery, but he was high enough to have an expansive view of the city. “Durham’s really flat—there’s not a lot of really high buildings,

BOOK FROM PAGE 1 She noted that in telling the story of a man who believed that “government failed” because of self-interest seeking actors, she became fixated on the effects of the movement Buchanan was a part of, that she said could constitute “a fifth-column assault on American democratic governance.” John Martin, chair of the history department, wrote in an email that the nomination is a mark of pride for the department. “‘Democracy in Chains’ is a beautifully-written and courageous book that has the rare quality of reaching a broad public and sparking a national conversation,” he wrote. “For me, it is evidence that history remains a vital discipline for trying to make sense of our present political moment.” Duke professors’ critiques Munger, who penned a review of the book for The Independent Institute, called out MacLean for not consulting Duke’s political science department as she wrote it. Munger wrote that he, too, is a past president of PCS. He wrote in an email to The Chronicle that he has 35 years of knowledge of Buchanan and his work, but that MacLean never reached out to any of the three professors. Munger wrote that he too, is a past president of PCS. He wrote in an email to The Chronicle that he has 35 years of knowledge of Buchanan and his work, but that MacLean never reached out to any of the three professors. “The reason this matters is that all three of us—Brennan, Munger

The Chronicle

dukechronicle.com

so you basically get to see everything,” Ahmed-Fouad said. “Any tall building, anything out, any lights, you see everything in all different directions, which is p retty cool.” The five major unofficial graduation requirements have become a part of Duke’s student culture, passing from student to student by word-of-mouth. Along with climbing Baldwin, the other bucket list items are having sex in the Duke Gardens, having sex in the stacks in Perkins Library, driving around the Chapel Drive circle backwards and exploring the tunnels below East Campus. Ahmed-Fouad said he thinks the requirements are fun because students were the ones to establish them. He encouraged students to try some of the unofficial requirements if they find them interesting— not for the requirement aspect but just for the fun.

“It was exciting,” Ahmed-Fouad said. “I think it was something that if you’re physically able to do it, and you’re not afraid of heights, definitely something that you need to try.” Ahmed-Fouad felt the requirements could also change as new activities become more popular. He saw them as suggestions rather than “requirements” and thought they could eventually grow into a long list passed down through the years. Similarly, Peterson said the requirements all have a “mischief factor.” He said he enjoys them because they are adventurous and they change up the routine, noting that he has only one of the five unofficial graduation requirements left. “Memories like that are fun,” Peterson said. “[They] leave a lasting smile about what you did at school.”

and Vanberg—can attest that Buchanan was extremely cautious about the propriety of taking money from sources that attached any kinds of strings or conditions to a grant,” he wrote. Vanberg told The Chronicle he was disappointed by MacLean’s response, in that he felt she has not responded to others’ substantive critiques about out-of-context quotations or misunderstandings about public choice theory. He argued that Buchanan was not interested in day-to-day politics, and that his work was primarily “abstract economic and political philosophy.” He also rejected claims that Buchanan acted out of bad motives. Munger wrote that though MacLean cannot be accused of fabricating facts, the book’s substantive conclusions are “idiosyncratic interpretations of the facts that she selects from a much larger record, as is common in the speculative-history genre.” “As an actual history, as a reliable account of the centrality of the work of James Buchanan in a gigantic conspiracy designed to end democracy in America, it turns far away from its mark,” he wrote.

faculty, she said she was told “they have felt bullied by the people who are criticizing me.” These unnamed faculty, she said, were happy the book was published. She added that she has identified two themes among her critics. First, that they have not read her book and pointed out small flaws on individual points. Second, that her critics are often funded by the Koch network. But MacLean said she paid Buchanan the ultimate respect by reading as much of his work as she could get her hands on. In her interview with The Chronicle of Higher Education, MacLean said that one way to view the backlash is as a “backhanded compliment.” “This kind of strong reaction can suggest that a work is timely and important and lead more people to want to check it out,” she said.

MacLean’s defense The Chronicle emailed MacLean a list of nine questions in August. Citing her busy schedule promoting the book, she declined to answer. However, she pointed to an article in The Chronicle of Higher Education and an August podcast as addressing most of the questions presented. With regard to concerns that she did not reach out to Buchanan scholars at Duke, MacLean said on the podcast that she made it a point to not reach out to them because they had “undisclosed conflicts of interest” with Charles Koch. In private correspondence with other Duke political science

‘Author meet critics’ When Vanberg spoke to The Chronicle, he suggested an open and honest debate to engage in further intellectual discussion. “I could imagine having a kind of campus event in the Fall—author meets critics,” Vanberg explained. “I can’t imagine doing that kind of event in a setting in which the provision is going to be that anybody who disagrees with MacLean or who defends Jim Buchanan’s work must be a racist interested in preserving white privilege.” In the list of nine questions sent to MacLean, The Chronicle relayed Vanberg’s request for a debate. As of publication, MacLean has not responded to that request. Editor’s note: This is an abridged version of this article. The full version of this article can be found online at dukechronicle.com.

Innovating Your Duke Experience Enhance Your Major - Build Your Skill Set - Set Yourself Apart Certificate Information Session

Kip Frey - Interim Director, Duke I&E; Professor of the Practice of Law & Public Policy; President & CEO, Canines, Inc. Wednesday, October 18 6:30-7:30 pm, The Edge Workshop Room

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