When sencence rhymes with conscience by DensityDesign

WHEN SENTENCE RHYMES WITH CONSCIENCE

an exploration of the endless debate about the right penalty for sex crimes

WHEN SENTENCE RHYMES WITH CONSCIENCE

Politecnico di Milano School of design A.Y. 2013 / 2014 Master of science in communication design

WHEN SENTENCE RHYMES WITH CONSCIENCE

A REPORT BY Fe derica Carbone F ra nces ca Cas ad io Leda Palermo S a ra Piccolomini M i c hela Zap p aro li

TEACHING

ASSISTANTS

Ciuccarelli Paolo

Mat teo A zzi

Fat to re Marco

Michele Ma uri

Mandato Stefano

Azzurra P i n i

R icci Donato

Giorgio Ub ol di

Politecnico di Milano School of design A.Y. 2013 / 2014 Master of science in communication design

INDEX

P REFACE _ 11

A DEEP E R IN SIG HT IN TO SE XUA L V I O L E N C E Expl or i ng t h e top i c Sexua l v iole n ce, a n ot de fin e d d e f i n i ti o n _ 1 5 Differe n t crim e s of sexu al n at u re _ 1 6 Laws re gardin g rape Pen al tie s for sexual viole nce _ 19 Life im prison m e n t , ch e mical cast rati o n , d e ath p e n a l ty _ 2 0

PENALTY FOR R A P E : W H AT I S T H E M OST D E B AT E D? / A g lob al p o int o f v iew Choice of the qu e ry Wh ich count ry t h e discu ssion abou t t he p e n a l ty fo r ra p e i s m o re d eve l o p e d i n? _ 27 Choice of the dom ain Res earch of t h e pe n alt ie s in e ach dom a i n _ 2 8 Choice of the words Google tren d of sign ifican t te rms _ 3 0 Finding Focus on English -spe akin g cou n t rie s _ 3 2

PENALT Y FO R R A P E : W H AT I S T H E M OST D E B AT E D? / An g lo p hone co untr y p o int o f v iew Building t h e corpu s of u rls From qu e rie s to u rls _ 37 Cor pus an alysis How s ite s are involve d in t h e disc u ss i o n _ 3 8 The co n te n t of site s _ 4 0 Geograph ical re fe re n ce s from tex ts _ 4 2 From corpu s an alysis to de bate Cross in g of t h e dat a obt ain e d fro m th e a n a l ys i s _ 4 4 Death pe n alt y in I n dia _ 4 6 Finding Findin g ou t a con t rove rsy from th e n e t _ 4 8

DEATH PENALT Y FO R R A P I STS I N I N D I A : A WAY TO S I L E N C E O R I G N I T E A D E B AT E ? / Focu s on In d ia new laws Building the (n ew) corpu s of u rls From quer ie s to u rls_ 53 Cor pus analysis Localis ing th e u rls _ 5 4 Dis cover ing issu e s from t it le s _ 5 6 Wikipedia a n a l ys i s _ 5 8 Which actor s a re i nvo l ve d i n t h e d i s c u ss i o n _ 6 2 The debate How actor s are involve d in t h e discu ssi o n _ 6 4 How s ites are involve d in t h e discu ssio n _ 6 6 Relations hips am on g corpu s u rls _ 6 8 Under standin g t h e n e t work _ 70 Finding Most s ites a gain st de at h pe n alt y, doe s i t re f l e c t th e re a l i ty? _ 74

EVERYO N E AG A I N ST D E AT H P E N A LT Y, C A N W E K N OW I T FO R S U R E ? / Th e vo ice s o f o rd ina r y p e o p le Building t h e corpu s of com m e n t s Extra ct in g com m e n t s from site s a l l ow i n g d i s c u ss i o n _ 79 Comme n t s an alysis Four d iffe re n t fact ion s _ 8 0 The deb ate Relati on sh ips am on g t h e fact ion s _ 82 Words u se d by diffe re n t fact ion s _ 84 Finding A broade r framework t h rou gh t h e l a n g u a g e o f o rd i n a r y p e o p l e _ 88

HOW INDIA S E E S H E R S E L F A N D H OW OT H E R S S E E H E R / Eye s of d if fe re nt co untr ie s Building the corpu s Images ext ract ion _ 93 Images analysis What do pict u re s t alk abou t ? _ 9 4 How do colo u rs ch an ge? _ 9 8 Raising awa re n e ss t h ro u g h i m a g e s _ 1 0 0 Finding Dif ferent co u n t rie s: diffe re n t topics? _ 1 04

CON CLUSION The endless debate about the right penal ty for s ex u al c ri m e _ 1 0 9

PREFACE

Sexual violence is part of a serious public health problem related to power imbalance between genders. Rape directly touches a number of women every year and in many ways, but not only: rape directly impacts children of all ages as well as adult men. Apparently women are the most affected by this kind of violence; according to the new report released by WHO some 35% of all women will experience either intimate partner or non-partner violence all around the world. This is evidence that sexual violence ought to be considered a social issue that effects all of societies. The entity of the problem brings a very big controversy always arises from the questions: “Are human rights respected?”, “can the rapist be re-educated?”, “may it work as a deterrent?”, and many other questions of this sort, which aren’t often answered objectively. However, we can identify different trends of thought that vary by country, by culture and by religion, because cultural factors have a relevant role in people’s opinion. So it is important to take into account the surrounding

circumstances, that are an important key to understand the results of the debate analysis. The controversy related to the penalties led us to focus on countries rather than on cultures, because it is the choice of the language for the research is the result of a thinking about populations and ethnic groups and takes into consideration also the cultural context. The report has a tripartite structure because it starts ments for sexual violence from a global point of view; in the second part we focus on the point of view of anglophone countries, from which we get the theme to be analyzed in the third part, that can be considered the central research deeply analyzing the matter. The new focus is the controversy about death penalty for rape in India. The debate raised by a recent fact evidence of this also in the results of our research, that shows how the web users act towards the issue. 11

0 A DEEPER INSIGHT INTO SEXUAL VIOLENCE

TOOL USED IN THIS CHAPTER _ Wi ki m i ndm ap

CAP 0 _ A deeper insight into sexual violence

EXPLORING THE TOPIC

Sexual vi ol e n ce, a n ot d e f i n e d d e f i n i t i o n -

sexual assault; instead other

rape

as sexual assault. Sexual violence or sexual assault is any sexual act that is perpetrated against someone’s will. Sexual violence encompasses a range of offenses, including a completed nonconsensual sex act (rape), an attempted nonconsensual sex act, abusive sexual contact (unwanted touching), and non-contact sexual abuse (threatened sexual violence, exhibitionism, verbal sexual harassment). All types involve victims who do not consent, or who are unable to consent or refuse to allow the act.

“A consistent definition helps researchers measure risk and protective factors for victimization in a uniform manner and examine trends over time and compare the problem across jurisdictions” cdc.com

Other words like rape, sexual assault or sexual abuse are Rape

CAP 0 _ A deeper insight into sexual violence

EXPLORING THE TOPIC

D ifferent c r i m es of s ex u al n at u re

KI ND OF C RI ME

vis_0.b

Sexual violence/assault Starting page and “sexual assault” page. High degree of similarity.

Vis_0.a

Rape

Wikimindmap Raw tool

“Rape” page and its hyperlinks.

Illustrator is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_violence which is lo-

Child sexual abuse -

pages linked to the starting page. sexual violence and sexual assault, rape child sexual

groping

“Child sexual abuse” page and its hyperlinks.

Groping “Groping” page and its hyperlinks.

Other Quite generical hyperlinks. 16

starting page

n tio ra et n pe al xu ng e ity s ssi e tiv ki rtur ry l ac to tuto sexua sta an m hu diction juris

sexual violence rape

ault al ass sexu

use l ab ua x e s ild ch

groom

child prostitution child labour /

traffic of ch ild

ren child po rnograp hy

Ch ild Pr ot ec ps tiv yc e ho log Ser vi ica ph l a ces ysi cal buse a Cen c ters hild ne buse g f Con trol a or dise lect nd P reve ase ntion

chil d ab use

frotteurism groping molestatio n testicle s

inde Univ cent ex de ersity posure p of P an ress enn sylv vic xiety ion ania ps tim i y z se ch at i xu ol on o al st gica im lt r ul at aum io a n

n tio ia oc ss A ric at ty i hi tiv yc ac Ps l an xua er ic ord er n se sire hy dis m ap ess A ma l de ogr str hu xua orn tic se ild p uma ch st-tra po est inc ophilia ren d il w) ped la of ch or ( ation min ploit ce al ex f Justi sexu tute o al Insti Nation

sex u age al as of c sau ons lt e con nt sexu se al int erco nt urse Unite d Nati Bureau on of Justic e Statist cs rape of males by males prison rape crimes against humanity genocide order ress dis ant matic st u gn a tr re st p po ion fect ed in auma t it r m t s l n tra ime ica ally log r cr tch sexu cho wa y s p Wa ion ts t igh ocia ion R s n rc ma al As coe Hu ic d Me an ric e Am

subcategories

reproduction human sexual HIV activit y adu l pri tery alc son oh rap e ol int ox ica tio n

very al sla sexu

ra pe

of Ju st ice St p a r se xu ison tist al c vio rap s len e ce

ge nd er

y vit cti ase la ua ise tion t d n ex n s for eve sen ch r on at ma s P c W er hu nd of nt l a ge hts Ce o r a g nt Ri Co an m Hu

Bu re au

commercial sexual exploitation of children sex trafficking hts human rig n tio prostitu n forced itatio explo ery slav ex s CO ES UN

VIS _ 0.a

VIS _ 0.b

SEXUAL VIOLENCE/ SEXUAL ASSAULT

COLOR CODE

Referred to the victim Referred to the perpetrator Referred to the modalities

Unwanted sexual contact that stops short of rape or attempted rape. This includes sexual touching and fondling (some states use this term interchangeably with rape).

RAPE _

SEXUAL ABUSE

Victims forced to sexual activity through threats or physical means, using no weapon but physical force.

PARTNER RAPE

The perpetrator is the individual's current partner (married or not), previous partner, or co-habitator.

STRANGER RAPE

Blitz Sexual Assault (rapidly and brutally assault with no prior contact)

Battering rape (the experience of both physical and sexual violence within a relation-ship)

Contact Sexual Assault (the suspect contacts the victim and tries to gain her or his trust and confidence)

Force-only rape (motivated by a perpetrator's need to demonstrate power and control) Obsessive/Sadistic rape (torture and perverse sexual acts.)

3 major categories includ:

Home Invasion Sexual Assault (a stranger breaks into the victim's home)

WAR RAPE

Committed by soldiers, other combatants, or civilians during armed conflict or war.

Forcing an undesired sexual behavior in victim unable to give consent. Child Sexual Abuse sexual violence of children. In some case it includes incest. Contact Can Include: Fondling Obscene phone calls Exhibitionism Masturbation Intercourse Oral or anal sex Prostitution Pornography Any other sexual conduct that is harmful to a child's mental, emotional, or physical welfare Abuse of mentally or physically disabled people Drug facilitated sexual violence

MOLESTATION _

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other sexual verbal or physical conduct that affects an individual's work or school performance. Quid pro quo (When a perpetrator makes conditions of employment contingent on the victim providing sexual favors) Hostile environment (when unwelcome, severe and persistent sexual conduct on the part of a perpetrator creates an uncomfortable environment)

CAP 0 _ A deeper insight into sexual violence

LAWS REGARDING RAPE

Pen al t i es for s exual v i ol e nce rape

PENALTIES

01/ Hard labour It is a type of work that has the value of punishment for breaking laws or the value of employment with the aim of reeducation.

02/ Imprisonment a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state.

03/ Life imprisonment Life imprisonment is any sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime under which the convicted person is to remain in prison for the rest of life or until paroled.

04/ Chemical castration It is the administration of medication designed to reduce libido and sexual activity. Unlike surgical castration, chemical castration doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t castrate the person, nor is it a form of sterilization.

05/ Death penalty It is a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state.The methods of implementation are determined state by state. 19

CAP 0 _ A deeper insight into sexual violence

LAWS REGARDING RAPE

Life i m pr i sonm en t , ch e m i cal cast rat i on , d e at h p e n a lty Here you can see the worldwide diffusion of three penalties for rape mentioned before.The maps emerge that chemical castration is more spread than death penalty and life imprisonment. The latter hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t a large diffusion because in the majority of the countries the penalty is simply prison for a limited number of years. Also death penalty for rape is not much in force, because most times it is used only in case of death of the victim. The methods of execution for this punishment are different, but since 1976 the lethal injection has been used in 80% of cases.After the indignation for the case of the girl in New Delhi who was brutally raped to death aboard a bus in 2012, even the Indian Parliament has approved the death penalty for cases of rape leading to death or leaving the victim in a permanent vegetative state. The last penalty is chemical castration that has a large diffusion and it is increasingly adopted. The treatment can be voluntary or mandatory, according to the legislation of the country: in many cases it is voluntary and mandatory for the second offense against children. 20

D E AT H P E N A LT Y D I F F U S I O N

China Iran Iraq Kuwait Kirghizistan

Mongolia Pakistan Palestine Sri Lanka Syria

Tagikistan Thailand United Arab Emirates USA

VIS _ 0.c

LI FE I MPR I SON MEN T D I FFU SI O N

Argentine Australia Austria Chile Egypt France

India Indonesia Latvia Macedonia Malaysia Peru

Somalia South Africa South Korea United Kingdom

CHE MICAL CASTRATION DIFFUSION

VO LUNTA RY Britain Denmark France Germany Spain Sweden

FORCIBLE Estonia Moldavia Poland Republic of Macedonia Russia South Korea

1 PENALTY FOR RAPE: WHAT IS THE MOST DEBATED? A global point of view

CHOICE OF THE QUERIES

CHOICE OF THE DOMAIN QUERIES “Sexual violence” punishment “Violence sexuelle” peine “Violencia sexual” pena “Violenza sessuale” pena

Google.com Google.fr

CHOICE OF THE WORDS

CHOICE OF THE WORDS FOR THE QUERIES

Google.es Google.it 4 CORPUS OF 100

COUNTING WORDS RELATED TO RAPE PENALTIES IN EVERY CORPUS SITES COMPARISON OF DATA OBTAINED AND CHOICE OF THE DOMAIN OF RESEARCH

COMPARING TRENDS OF THE QUERIES THROUGH GOOGLE TREND TOOL

TOOLS USED IN THIS CHAPTER _ Googl e Trend _ Googl e Sc raper _ Tag Cl oud Generator

CAP 1 _ A global point of view

CHOICE OF THE QUERY

Which coun t r y t h e d i s c u ss i o n a b o u t t h e p e n a l t y fo r ra p e i s m o re d eve l o p e d i n?

01/

English-speaking countries

02/

Italy

03/

France

04/

Spain

CAP 1 _ A global point of view

CHOICE OF THE DOMAIN

R e searc h of the p e n al t i e s i n e ach d om ai n

0 1/

Google.com

100 urls

0 2/

Google.it

100 urls

0 3/

Google.fr

100 urls

0 4/

Google.es

100 urls

“sexual violence” punishment; carcere ergastolo

“

The vis_1.a com

Google Scraper Google.

prison

Google. com death penalty is

prisión

VIS _ 1.a

“death penalty”(1313) imprisonment (668) “life imprisonment” (630) “hard labor” (582) “chemical castration” (131)

carcere (459) “pena di morte” (321) ergastolo (288) “lavori forzati” (162) “castrazione chimica” (28)

“peine de mort” (561) emprisonnement (347) “travaux forcés” (330) “condamnation à pepétuité” (62) “castration chimique” (53)

prisión (485) “pena capital” (140) “trabajo forzado” (9) “castración química” (3) “condena perpetua” (0)

CAP 1 _ A global point of view

CHOICE OF THE WORDS

G o ogl e trend of s i g n i f i can t te rm s

QU ERI ES

sexual violence were sexual abuse sexual assault rape and molestation sexual assault -

rape

“Sexual violence” “Sexual assault” http://wiki.answers.com punishment. penalty, that indicates

rape

“Sexual abuse” KI ND OF GRAP H

with the words penalty, death penalty

Sexual Assault Google Trend

Average Average trend of each term between 2005 and 2013

http://wiki.answers.com sexual abuse rape

Rape

Interest over the time Trend of each term between 2005 and 2013

VIS _ 1.b

AVERAGE

INTEREST OVER TIME

CAP 1 _ A global point of view

FINDING

Fo cu s on En gl i sh - s pe aking countrie s

Google.com

2 PENALTY FOR RAPE: WHAT IS THE MOST DEBATED? Anglophone country point of view

BUILDING THE CORPUS QUERIES “Sexual violence” punishment “Sexual assault” punishment Rape punishment “Sexual abuse” punishment

CORPUS ANALYSIS TAGGING URLS ACCORDING TO SITE CATEGORY

100 100 100 100

GLOBAL CORPUS OF URLS

400

TAGGING URLS ACCORDING TO SITE CONTENT

CLEANED CORPUS OF URLS

383

EXTRACTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES FROM THE TEXTS

FROM ANALYSIS TO DEBATE CROSSING OF THE DATA OBTAINED FROM THE ANALYSIS

FINDING

TOOLS USED IN THIS CHAPTER _ Googl e Sc raper _ Geo Extrac ti on

CAP 2 _ Anglophone countries point of view

BUILDING THE CORPUS OF URLS

Fro m qu er i e s to u r l s Google.com

100 urls

“Sexual violence”

100 urls

“Sexual assault” +

punishment

Rape

100 urls

“Sexual abuse”

100 urls

400 urls Cleaned urls

383 urls

CAP 2 _ Anglophone countries point of view

CORPUS ANALYSIS

How sites are involved in the discussion

SI TES C ATEGORI ES

01/

Encyclopedias

Websites with general information regarding sexual violence. -

2.a

02/

Online magazines

Web newspapers, news agencies, portals and each kind of websites containing news.

03/

Legal websites

Websites dealing with legal subject matter (websites of lawyers, schools of law, forum..) 38

04/

Organizations

Websites of non-governmental organizations (websites for petitions and activist blogs included).

05/

Institutions -

tal websites.

06/

Communities

Social networks, forums, blogs and every kind of website that allows people to express their opinion.

N . of u r ls

VIS _ 2.a

150

120

5 u rls

85 urls

“Sex ua l v iolence” punishm ent

R a pe punishm ent

“ Sex ua l a buse” punishm ent

“ Sex ua l a ssa ult ” punishm ent

Encyclopedias

Online magazines

Legal websites

Organizations

Institutions

Communities

CAP 2 _ Anglophone countries point of view

CORPUS ANALYSIS

Th e con ten t of si tes

SI TES CONTENT S

01/ Child abuse Sites that deal with causes and consequences of sexual violence against a child.

0 2/ Debate about the right penalty Sites that deal with the most suitable punishment for those who commit sexual crime

03 / Definition and information about sexual violence Sites that provide information regarding several facets of sexual abuse.

“grass cutting for rapists”

04/ Grass cutting for rapists Sites regarding a case happened in Kenya: six rapists were sentenced to cut the grass at the police station.

violence”

05/ Death penalty for rapists Sites dealing with the effectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent in sexual crimes.

2.b

06/ Information about sexual violence in a specific country

“child abuse” “Sexual abuse punishment” “Inor “Death penalty for rapists”

07/ Preventing and punishing sexual violence at university Sites that deal with harassment and sexual violence in campus.

08/ War rape

VIS _ 2.b

60 50

50 40 30

20 10

50 40 30 20 10

“Sexu al v iolence” punishm ent

R a p e p u ni s h me n t

20 10

“Sexu al a buse” punishm ent

Gl o bal co r pu s of u r l s

N. o f u r l s

Co n ten t s

“S exu al ass au l t ” p u n i s h me n t

CAP 2 _ Anglophone countries point of view

CORPUS ANALYSIS

G e ographi c al refere n ce s f rom tex t s With the tool Geo Extraction -

ASIA 2.c -

India,

41% words related to United States. Kenya -

3 / Pakistan 2 / Afghanistan 2 / Singapore 2 / Korea 1 / Turkey 1 / Iraq 1 / China 1 / Syria 1 / Yemen

73 / India

VIS _ 2.c

AMERICA

Canada Haiti Colombia Nicaragua Bahamas

A FR I C A 59 /

25 / Kenya 7 / Congo 1 / Marocco

13 /

36%

1/ 1/ 1/ 1/

16%

E U R O PA

OCEANIA

4 / Ireland 3 / Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 / United Kingdom 1 / Switzerland 1 / Scotland 1 / Greece

Australia

VIS _ 2.d

CAP 2 _ Anglophone countries point of view

FROM CORPUS ANALYSIS TO DEBATE Iraq

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Congo

U.S.

Crossi ng of the dat a obt ai n e d f rom t h e an al ysis Iraq

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Congo

U.S.

Pakistan

U.S.

Kenya

India Scotland

Greece

2.d _ Legend

U.S.

Colombia

U.S.

Ireland N. of urls Greece

Scotland Colombia

Turkey

Iraq

Canada

U.K.

Debate about the right penalty Definition and information about sexual violence

United States Grass cutting for rapists is closely linked to Kenya which is the place Death penalty for rapists India

Yemen

Afghanistan

Ireland

Grass cutting for rapists

Pakistan

Death penalty for rapists Information about sexual violence in a specific country Preventing and punishing sexual violence at university War rape

U.S.

India

U.S. China

Syria Korea Bahamas Haiti

Singapore

Nicaragua

country

U.S. section is the

Sites where no country is mentioned

Switzerland

Canada U.K.

Australia

Congo

Kenya

Morocco

Ireland

Bosnia and Herzegovina Pakistan

U.S.

Kenya

India U.S.

U.S. Greece

Scotland Colombia

Turkey

Iraq

Canada

U.K.

Yemen

Afghanistan

Ireland Pakistan

India

Congo

Kenya

China

Syria Korea

U.S.

India

Bahamas Haiti Nicaragua

Switzerland

U.S.

Singapore

Canada U.K.

Australia Morocco

Ireland

VIS _ 2.e

CAP 2 _ Anglophone countries point of view

FROM CORPUS ANALYSIS TO DEBATE Iraq

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Congo

U.S.

D eath penal ty i n I n d i a -

2.e Debate about the right penalty and Death penalty for rapists

_ Legend Not considered Considered N. of urls Debate about the right penalty Definition and information about sexual violence Grass cutting for rapists

Death penalty for rapists Information about sexual violence in a specific country Preventing and punishing sexual violence at university War rape Sites where no country is mentioned

U.S.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Pakistan

U.S.

Kenya

India U.S.

U.S. Greece

Scotland Colombia

Turkey

Iraq

Canada

U.K.

Yemen

Afghanistan

Ireland Pakistan

India

Congo

Kenya

China

Syria Korea

U.S.

India

Bahamas Haiti Nicaragua

Switzerland

U.S.

Singapore

Canada U.K.

Australia Morocco

Ireland

CAP 2 _ Anglophone countries point of view

FINDING

Findi ng out a con t rove rsy f rom t h e n e t -

3 DEATH PENALTY FOR RAPISTS IN INDIA: A WAY TO SILENCE OR IGNITE A DEBATE? Focus on India new laws

BUILDING THE CORPUS

CORPUS ANALYSIS

QUERIES “Death penalty” rape India “Capital punishment” rape India Hanging rape India

150 150 150

GLOBAL CORPUS OF URLS

450

CLEANED CORPUS OF URLS

LOCALISING URLS

DISCOVERY ISSUES FROM TITLES TAGGING URLS ACCORDING TO ACTORS

331

FROM ANALYSIS TO DEBATE TAGGING URLS ACCORDING TO OPINIONS

FINDING

NETWORK OF URLS

W WIKIPEDIA ANALYSIS

TOOLS USED IN THIS CHAPTER _ _ _ _

Geo IP Tag Cl oud Generator H yphe Gephi

CAP 3 _ Focus on India new laws

BUILDING THE (NEW) CORPUS OF URLS

Fro m qu er i e s to u r l s -

150 urls

“Death penalty” “Capital punishment”

rape

India

150 urls 150 urls

Hanging Google.com

450 urls -

Cleaned urls

331 urls

CAP 3 _ Focus on India new laws

CORPUS ANALYSIS

Loc al i si n g t h e u r l s

_ Legend N . of ur ls

tool Geo IP

/ 5

6 / 10

3.a

11 / 15 16 / 20 > 200 N o url s

VIS _ 3.a

CAP 3 _ Focus on India new laws

CORPUS ANALYSIS

D is cover i ng i ssue s f rom t i t l e s

Issue discovery

3.b, where there -

VIS _ 3.b

india get death penalty (12) delhi rape case (12) men sentenced to death (12) the national (9) gang-rapists sentenced to death (8) death for rape (8) al jazeera america (8)

court sentences four (8)

dna (8) p enalty execution (8)

raping woman (8)

big story (8) f our convicted (8)

fox news (8) death by (8)

morning herald (8) death penalty india (8) indian gang rape-murder (8) human rights (8) cnn (6) ctv (6)

new delhi rapist (5) the native (5) i

facebook (5) d

elhi gang-rape convicts (5) n

ndian gang rapists will hang (5)

bus gang rape suspect found hanged (5)

harvard gazette (5)

free malaysia today (5)

ew delhi gang-rape (5)

punishment for rapist-murderer (5) nirbhaya rape case hangs himself (5)

president clears stricter law against rape (5)

says judge (5)

delhi gang rape it (5)

latino times (5) b ndtv (5)

us rape (5)

asia news (5)

insights (5)

firstpost (6)

debates capital punishment (5) gang rape death penalty (5)

capital punishment laws in the spotlight as delhi gang (5)

CAP 3 _ Focus on India new laws

WIKIPEDIA ANALYSIS

How the page â&#x20AC;&#x153;2012 D e l h i g an g rap e â&#x20AC;? ch an g es -

_ Legend

2012 Delhi gang rape

Paragraphs existing since the creation of the Wikipedia page.

On Wikipedia.org there is an entire page dedicated to -

victim

The graph 3.c

tion and sentencing

The chart 3.d 58

Treatment and death of rape Convic-

Paragraphs added during the time

VIS _ 3.c

03/02/2013

29/12/2012

10/09/2013

Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance

Death of the victim

India rape verdict

Incident External links

Victims

Treatment and death

References

2012 Delhi gang rape Arrests

Categories

Location and geographical attributes. 02/

Opinions

Words, verbs or adjectives that express an opinion.

03/

References

Proper names and historical events.

4.c 4.d

04/

People

Opinions Locations People References Perpetrators Victim

People who talk about it. 05/

Victim

Death penalty is the best solution!

Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m usually against death penalty, but in this case...

No death penalty! Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ineffective and barbaric.

No death penalty! They have to suffer!

Attributes and terms related to the victim. 06/

Perpetrators

Attributes and terms related to guilty rapists. 84

ex u

gr at ifi

I understan d

imo

I support

sudden stop

long drop

death

barba ric tolera te just ice han gin g me asu res sim ple jus tic e ra pe ca Is se up po Ia rt gr ra ee pe bl am cas e e ga m e

st pi ra x se to lty in ui t g lled no ki

to fs

er ght dau n me wo t en oc inn ter sis

ecute will ex lution is the so penalty

VIS _ 4.c

ba ca d tio n g juv ang ini lle dn a law rap ing

a ag

e rap ic tem sys e crim iary judic

wsj t acti vists te rnatio nationa nal l crime record s bureau

fast I believe I said no

governmen t

life imprisonment

ipc

I respect

mother

rigorous torture

militants

medieval

president society

indian Mub ai Ara bia New Delh Us i a& Eu Eu rop rop e e Ka do ma W ez da Ch in a M ec ca M ed in a

pal

le peop nds frie Os NG law

tio Na

ya an on ps e m rje te O t a Ch y o nj na am br

or ai

ial

Victim

vi Phoolan De Bush Sr

Nathan Dunlap

Perpetrator

Js Verma

References

kade

People

Gilley

Location

Tushar Ro

Opinion

themes:

n n asia ista han Afg t wes rado Colo

Sm ith a Ca st W ro W nn I is R I ad Mu er rali dh ara n Kas ab Man son Mura t Mo rriso n Maith ili Pat il Gandh i

m al

i ba um ata M k l Ko lhi sia De one d ica In er Am b ara A US

i jS

r ka

vit Ka

Ka l

d ite

factions:

ish

p al

h t pi at ca nt of oi rt Ip so y an vs po e liev be

sty In

LEGEND

righ

Amne

lty

VIS _ 4.d

p op

h is

t e en a ur ty e p nd nm rt al fc o o o m t n a t o s s p t t s se ga t ri ct us val ic g ic te e re e ry rt pe t ro or n rs e ve no p ty m e ca e in su ia l ve ar a h ee n ns so c ie m pe ro die ex nal ath g d pp de nde o rb ler sti ang ea mp agr pe lam gai eat poi ny ovs elie pe ste rim dic st el said fe i res go u ud u n e ill a e e s i b y o a a a m u o u b I i p s m I h s j a I b t l r w j d c I s d r a b p li I f m ri i I te cu

l so

Opinions A

Death penalty is the best solution!

Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m usually against death penalty, but in this case...

No death penalty! Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ineffective and barbaric.

No death penalty! They have to suffer!

Total of word

N. of word

ta pi

a re

e n op i ta ia lh Eur e is i a do e es rica i a m da a ina ba ata i an t i ra n D p a n a & n c o h a b b e o n a fg i s olo b ra c ed um lk elh do m z i r d i a a w a e d e u e r s s s h a o A C w M C w in U A M M M Eu K D K A ne U A A In

Locations

e rje te t r a p e r on ka ma Ch la til kad de ris an ra ro un y on a Pa Ro i or D r st Ra Sh Sub njo ps y m i a l M s h r a an er t m ne m itha l C nis II b ta hi e vi pa an Si ra sa ait sha and illey s V ath ush n la ia W Ka Ru Dh Oj Ch Ka Sm Ar De W Mu Ka M Tu G B G N G

a ny

References

sj w

l s na rd tio eco a r rn ts nte ime t is n r I t tiv ty al c me ts en y c r s n t s ne ion er he itan sid ciet l t h t v e il o m a c a n rig A pr so p go ip m m

People

tio ca

le ds s op ien go aw l n pe fr

d te

io at

tifi ra

lg x ua se o ilty ex t s le s in gu d of ng inil a st pi an ot ille ad ct w v ga ju n k m ra b a dn la

Perpetrators

p ra

t er en en ht er oc om ug n st a i d w in s

Victim

CAP 4 _ The voices of ordinary people

FINDING

A b roader fram ework t h rou g h t h e l an g u ag e of o rd in a r y p e o p le

4.b, is an -

5 HOW INDIA SEES HERSELF AND HOW OTHERS SEE HER Eyes of different countries

TOOLS USED IN THIS CHAPTER _ Googl e Im ages Scrap e r

BUILDING THE CORPUS

IMAGES ANALYSIS

QUERIES “death penalty” rape India

DOMAINS Google.com Google.in

GLOBAL CORPUS OF IMAGES

TREEMAP OF EACH CORPUS IMAGES

450 450

900

CHROMATIC ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS OF SENSITIZING IMAGES

FINDING

CAP 5 _ Eyes of different countries

BUILDING THE CORPUS

Im ages extract i on

Google Search

google.in google.com “death penalty” rape India -

“Death penalty” rape India 450 i m age s

450 i m age s

CAP 5 _ Eyes of different countries

IMAGES ANALYSIS

What do pictures t a l k a b o u t ?

CATEGO R IES 01/ People Person or few people in the foreground. 02/ Crowds

vis_5.a and vis_5.b google.com are posters and crowds,

Crowd of people, often protesting. 03/ Posters People protesting with posters. 04/ Commemorations

google.in

People commemorating the death of a victim with candles in their hands. 05/ Victims Victims of sexual violence.

Google.com shows especially

06/ Tools Images with tools related to the trials or to the methods of implementation of the death penalty. 07/ Slogans

the rapists; instead Google.in -

Slogans with the aim of raising awareness of the issue of death penalty or rape. 08/ Illustrations Illustrations about sexual violence or death penalty.

VIS _ 5.a

200

150

100

_ .com

_ .in

100

150

200

N. of im a ges

VIS _ 5.b

G O OG L E.COM Slogans

People

Illustrations

Tools Victims

Commemorations

Crowds

Posters

VIS _ 5.c

G OOG L E. I N Commemorations

Posters

People

Slogans

Victims

Tools

Illustrations Crowds

CAP 5 _ Eyes of different countries

IMAGES ANALYSIS

How do col our s ch an g e?

GO O GLE.CO M

vis_5.d

GO O GLE.IN

VIS _ 5.d

G OOG L E.COM

GO O GLE.IN

Gradients that show the predominant colours in each mosaic

CAP 5 _ Eyes of different countries

IMAGES ANALYSIS

R isi ng awareness t h rou g h i m ag e s

CATEGO R IES

zation to realize other ones that take into considera-

Google.com 01/ Women and children

02/ Hands

vis_5.g), that disvis_5.e) shows the spread -

03/ Violence

04/ Trial symbols

vis_5.f) is still the gradient that helps the reader to localize

05/ Slogan

Google.in 06/ Nooses and punishments

100

VIS _ 5.e

GOOG L E.COM

GO O GLE.IN

Image of awareness Others

101

VIS _ 5.f

G O OG L E .COM

GO O GLE.IN

Women and children Nooses and punishments Hands Slogan Violence Trial symbols

102

Gradients that show the predominant colours in each mosaic

VIS _ 5.g

G OOG L E. I N

Nooses and punishments Violence Hands

Range of colour

103

CAP 5 _ Eyes of different countries

FINDING

D ifferent countr i es : d i f fe re n t top i cs? -

Google. com and Google.in

104

CONCLUSION

THE ENDLESS DEBATE ABOUT THE RIGHT PENALTY FOR SEXUAL CRIMES

We started our research with the question: “Penalty for rape: what is the most debated?”, the answer was “death penalty and moreover geographically framed in India”. The research protocol we created to get this answer and investigate the dispute under consideration has a unidirectional structure and allows us to bring into foment of the report. That’s the reason why the latter part of the report can be considered the centerpiece of the research. The death penalty for sexual violence in India is currently a matter of much debate in the English-speaking countries and we wanted to underwhat are the opinions of ordinary people. We discovered that the focus of the controversy is not as black and white as one could think; even if in developed countries should be clear to all that the death penalty is not the right solution, not everyone was in favour of death penalty abolition. In such cases the

rightness of a penalty is strictly connected with personal background, culture and beliefs. In these terms, we can say that the research protocol designed can be used as a format for every digital research that want to understand how we, citizen of both the world and the web, face the controversies. Finally, the last thing worthy of note is the role of journalism in our research. In fact in all the research we did the main Internet actor is journalism. This was expected because the latter part of our protocol is based on a recent fact of crime that has echoed worldwide. Is important to highlight that the magazines online are connected to many other typology of websites in fact newspaper articles are often quoted to ignite discussions on non-journalistic sites. That the newspapers had a lot of importance was to be expected but that organizations, activists and feminists, being talked about so much in the news articles for their appeals against death penalty, had so trivial importance in the analysis of the actors involved, was not to be expected. 107

TABLE OF URLS USED

Capter 1

http://kff.org/news-summary/promote-womens-rights-punish-perpetrators-to-endsexual-violence/ http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/09/13/delhi-gang-rape-activistsidINDEE98C09F20130913 http://www.africaportal.org/dspace/articles/preventing-and-punishing-sexualviolence-work-international-conference-great-lakes http://www.indianexpress.com/news/delhi-gangrape-death-penalty-wont-endsexual-violence-say-activists/1169212/ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/10/dr-congo-urged-punish-soldiersover-rapes-20131020151429145110.html http://focusweb.org/content/statement-women%E2%80%99s-and-progressivegroups-and-individuals-condemning-sexual-violence-and http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/31/kenya-gang-rape-protests-nairobiattackers-grass-cutting-punishment http://www.prio.no/utility/Download.ashx?x=320 of-sexual-violence-and-intimidating-victims/ http://thinkprogress.org/health/2013/03/20/1746141/india-rape-penalty/ http://icpdbeyond2014.org/whats-new/view/id/95/act-now-act-big-to-end-sexualviolence-in-drc http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/02/11/india-reject-new-sexual-violence-ordinance http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/news-item/colombian-authorities-fail-to-stop-orpunish-sexual-violence-against-women http://worldpulse.com/node/77342 http://www.trust.org/item/20121003164700-wfzh8/ http://southasia.oneworld.net/newsmakers/womens-groups-condemn-sexualviolence-oppose-death-penalty http://www.morungexpress.com/weekly_poll_result/103636.html http://www.rnw.nl/africa/article/act-now-act-big-end-sexual-violence-drc

http://www.childrenareunbeatable.org.uk/the-case-for-reform/sexual-violence.html

Que r y:

parliament_n_2924462.html http://www.raisehopeforcongo.org/content/initiatives/violence-against-women http://www.thefword.org.uk/blog/2013/08/india_needs_com http://www.ohchr.org/en/newsevents/pages/rapeweaponwar.aspx http://colombiareports.co/colombia-fails-to-punish-sexual-violence-amnestyinternational/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyvc2oNkQBg http://english.mogef.go.kr/sub02/sub02_32_01.jsp http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/india-death-penalty-will-not-end-violence-againstwomen-2013-09-13 http://sasvy.com/ http://www.interactivetheatre.org/resc/history.html http://www.bunker8.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/history/36809.htm http://www.unfpa.org/emergencies/manual/4.htm http://www.muslimwomennews.com/n.php?nid=5983 http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/10/117_53165.html http://www.untogo.org/News/UN/Angelina-Jolie-urges-UN-to-punish-rape-inwarzones http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/12/world/africa/12diplo.html https://www.facebook.com/events/505868172767740/

â&#x20AC;&#x153;sexu al vio l e n ce â&#x20AC;? pu n i s h m e n t

http://www.jstor.org/stable/1410370 http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2013/09/06/punishing-sexual-violence/ http://www.beaconreader.com/jean-friedman/sexual-violence-in-india-no-easyanswers http://www.ucanews.com/news/india-passes-tougher-law-on-sexual-violence/67817 http://ibnlive.in.com/news/statement-by-womens-groups-and-individuals-condemning-sexual-violence-and-opposing-death-penalty/312096-3.html

109

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/statement-by-womens-groups-and-individuals-condemning-sexual-violence-and-opposing-death-penalty/312096-3.html http://www.globalhealthhub.org/2013/11/07/promote-womens-rights-punishperpetrators-to-end-sexual-violence/ http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/sex-violence-and-punishment/ article4267210.ece http://crime.about.com/od/v_domviolence/a/abuse_types.htm http://www.publicintegrity.org/accountability/education/sexual-assault-campus http://www.amnesty.ca/news/news-releases/india-new-sexual-violence-law-hasboth-positive-and-regressive-provisions http://www.change.org/en-IN/petitions/a-comprehensive-response-to-sexualviolence http://wssnet.org/tag/sexual-violence/ http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/news/issue.cfm?id=3466 http://www.sdnp.org.gy/16days/node/59 http://hornbillunleashed.wordpress.com/2013/10/14/51351/ http://www.equalitynow.org/category/issues/sexual_violence http://www.equalitynow.org/es/node/1685 http://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_cha_chapter32_rule93 http://www.middlebury.edu/media/view/240951/original/ http://sanhati.com/excerpted/6175/ http://arc.eppgroup.eu/press/showpr.asp?prcontroldoctypeid=1&prcontrolid=11636 &prcontentid=19332&prcontentlg=en http://www.amnesty.ie/node/3393 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_Haiti http://www.fris.org/Laws/WVLaws.html http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jowh/summary/v019/19.4freedman.html http://www.wluml.org/node/7259

http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/02/12/rights-groups-slam-proposed-sexualviolence-laws/ http://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/rape-sexual-violence/ http://www.pinterest.com/pin/274156696038816731/ http://sgdatabase.unwomen.org/searchDetail.action?measureId=10585 http://www.awid.org/Library/Legislating-against-sexual-violence-the-Kenyanexperience2 http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2013/sc11043.doc.htm http://www.mncasa.org/about.html http://www.indiatogether.org/2013/sep/wom-rapedeath.htm http://www.sacw.net/article5375.html http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=1207228 http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/03/07/173657424/law-targets-sexualviolence-on-college-campuses http://ejil.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/2/253.full http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/opinion/tackling-sexual-violence-against-womentime-get-serious http://act.amnesty.org.in/india_death_penalty_will_not_end_violence_against_ women http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2149077/Women-Alabama-prison-sufferedfrequent-severe-sexual-violence-guards-PUNISHED-tried-report-crimes.html http://ablawg.ca/2010/08/20/sentencing-for-spousal-sexual-violence-different-butequal/ http://journals.sfu.ca/jgcee/index.php/jgcee/article/download/68/50 http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/abrahams/delhi-rape-case-capital-punishmentisnt-justice/ http://www.ipas.org/en/News/2011/December/On-behalf-of-Nicaraguan-sexualviolence-victims--Ipas-helps-petition-human-rights-commissi.aspx

http://www.jeunesviolencesecoute.fr/espace-jeunes/quest-ce-que-la-violence/types-

http://www.agoravox.fr/actualites/societe/article/statistiques-de-la-police-et-dela-55516 http://dcalin.fr/textoff/violences_sexuelles_1997.html http://www.jcomjeune.com/vivre-sa-sexualite/victime-de-violences-sexuelles-quefaire http://www.initiadroit.com/dossiers.php?theme=11 http://www.lemauricien.com/article/inde-la-peine-mort-les-violeurs-delhi-il-fautdevelopper-autre-culture

Que r y:

et-viol.html http://www.20minutes.fr/monde/inde/1071557-double-peine-victimes-violencessexuelles-inde-rurale http://www.lemonde.fr/a-la-une/article/2013/07/25/le-debat-sur-les-violencessexuelles-agite-la-societe-indienne_3453330_3208.html http://www.marieclaire.fr/,agressions-sexuelles-et-tentatives-de-viol-comment-lesdistinguer,20258,409882.asp http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viol sexuelles http://www.stop-violences-femmes.gouv.fr/Violences-sexuelles,312.html http://www.amnesty.be/doc/Violences-sexuelles http://pony.over-blog.net/article-description-des-infractions-relatives-aux-violencessexuelles-en-rdc-75043614.html http://www.centrelavi-ge.ch/index.php?q=victimes-que-faire/violences-sexuelles/ http://www.memoireonline.com/07/09/2284/m_La-repression-des-infractions-serapportant-aux-violences-sexuelles-dans-le-contexte-de-crise-de-la21.html

110

1245&mid=14386&language=en-US http://www.amnesty.fr/AI-en-action/Violences/Peine-de-mort/Actualites/Inde-non-lareprise-des-executions-7374 http://www.enfance-et-partage.org/spip.php?article225 nouvelle-ordonnance-n-est-pas-conforme-aux-standards-internationaux http://www.seneweb.com/news/Afrique/des-violeurs-condamnes-a-une-peine-dejardinage-les-kenyans-s-indignent_n_109722.html http://cartables.net/grenier/b_o/bo_viol1.htm http://www.haut-conseil-egalite.gouv.fr/violences-de-genre/reperes-statistiques-79/ http://www.globalrights.org/site/DocServer/DRC_SexViolencePamphFIN_Eversion.

â&#x20AC;&#x153; vi o l en ce sexu el leâ&#x20AC;? pe i n e

http://www.globalrights.org/site/DocServer/DRC_SexViolencePamphFIN_Eversion. pdf?docID=5444 http://www.violences-sexuelles-info.fr/infractions.htm http://sos-inceste-violences-sexuelles.org/infractions.htm http://www.lapresse.ca/international/asie-oceanie/201212/30/01-4607483-inde-ladouble-peine-des-victimes-de-viols.php http://www.fmreview.org/fr/RDCongo/mosely%20et%20al.htm http://www.france5.fr/emissions/le-monde-en-face/viol-double-peine_12537 http://www.resilience-psy.com/spip.php?article113 http://livewire.amnesty.org/fr/2013/01/03/debat-sur-le-viol-en-inde-pourquoi-lapeine-de-mort-nest-pas-la-solution/ sexuelles-en-rdc-les-victimes-doivent-etre-indemnisees-et-les-13205 http://www.france24.com/fr/20131031-kenya-manifestations-nairobi-violeurspetition-liz http://www.oboulo.com/droit-prive-et-contrat/droit-penal/dissertation/caspratique-violences-sexuelles-114063.html 2ca0b0c76636&owner=2c021c7d-11ea-4fb8-ba02-f5ac6d06e0c4 http://vosdroits.service-public.fr/particuliers/F2274.xhtml http://www.equalitynow.org/fr/take_action/agissez_action411 http://lelivrenoirdesviolencessexuelles.wordpress.com/ http://www.societecivile.cd/node/3089 http://www.criminologie.com/article/viol http://www.blogdegerardpicovschi.com/html/articles/1425001425.html http://www.senat.fr/lc/lc21/lc210.html http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2013/9/26/angelina-jolie-dresse-contre-violences-sexuelles-comme-arme-guerre-231209.asp http://cooperation.net/nonokanzumba/violences-sexuelles-en-republique-democratique-du-congo-origine-nature-bilan-et-suggestions. http://fr.globalvoicesonline.org/2012/12/27/132821/ le=2166 http://www.endvawnow.org/fr/articles/776-les-agressions-sexuelles.html

0e8ab951 http://www.latempete.cd/component/content/article/1-nation/1508-violencessexuelles-a-kinshasa-.html http://rhei.revues.org/37 http://www.liberation.fr/societe/2013/11/29/viols-sur-fond-de-rites-vaudous-8-et15-ans-requis-contre-les-accuses_963038 http://www.dhnet.be/actu/faits/ils-violent-une-adolescente-leur-peine-debroussaillerautour-du-commissariat-526ea19f35703b126538993f http://www.un.org/apps/newsFr/storyF.asp?NewsID=29703&Cr=pillay&Cr1=inde http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2013/07/16/1672222-cahors-condamne-pourviolences-sexuelles-et-physiques-sur-sa-compagne.html http://ppbdi.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2579:genreg-lesviolences-sexuelles&catid=58:genre-sante-et-environment&Itemid=205 http://radiookapi.net/actualite/2013/03/04/beni-des-avocats-accusent-la-justice-deprononcer-des-peines-mineures-contre-les-violeurs/ http://www.terrafemina.com/societe/international/articles/1935-haiti-les-viols-etagressions-sexuelles-se-multiplient-dans-les-camps.html http://www.irbms.com/violences-sexuelles-et-sport http://www.quotidien-nouakchott.com/amsme-violences-sexuelles-faites-auxhttp://www.lavoixdunord.fr/france-monde/inde-la-double-peine-des-femmes-agressees-dans-les-zones-jna0b0n940844 http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20131028183952/ http://360.ch/blog/magazine/2013/03/violences-sexuelles-inde-mobilise-21291/ http://www.atfs.fr/pages/16-le-devenir-des-auteurs-de-violences-sexuelles-apres-leursortie-de-prison-4896301.html http://www.inegalites.fr/spip.php?article1528 http://www.vos-droits.justice.gouv.fr/mineurs-victimes-11965/mineur-agresse-ouabuse-sexuellement-20720.html http://www.rgs72.org/pages/genre16b.html http://archives.24heures.ch/actu/suisse/initiative-veut-retablir-peine-mort-2010-08-20 http://reliefweb.int/report/world/le-canada-demande-la-reconnaissance-des-violenc-

peine-capitale-justice http://www.ariegenews.com/ariege/actualites_economie/2013/69896/viols-surfond-de-rites-vaudous-des-peines-de-7-et-14-ans-de-prison.html http://christineld75.wordpress.com/2013/09/13/a-new-delhi-les-4-violeurs-denirbhaya-condamnes-a-mort/ http://www.criavs-ra.org/lettre.html?PHPSESSID=b294266350445432382b2b22

http://www.7sur7.cd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51749:lagrace-presidentielle-exclut-les-condamnes-pour-l-violences-sexuelles-corruptiondetournement-des-deniers-publics-r-

http://www.larazon.es/detalle_hemeroteca/noticias/LA_RAZON_165486/italiaaprueba-una-ley-que-endurece-penas-a-delitos-con-violencia-sexual-2 http://www.es.amnesty.org/noticias/noticias/articulo/la-pena-de-muerte-no-pondra-

a-la-violencia-de-genero https://www.mehanviolado.com/leyes-sobre-agresion-sexual-en-espana/ http://www.misna.org/es/justicia-y-derechos-humanos/violencia-sexual-en-delhi-losacusados-son-culpables-expectativa-por-la-pena-10-09-2013-813.html http://www.hispantv.es/detail/2013/03/01/215422/2-marineros-de-eeuu-recibenpenas-de-prision-por-violencia-sexual http://www.xabierpita.es/?p=3064 http://penal.blogs.lexnova.es/2013/04/30/la-violencia-sexual-infantil-en-espana/

professeurs-de-coran-coupables-de-violences-sexuelleshttp://www.irbms.com/violences-sexuelles-et-sport

Que r y:

http://www.elpais.com/sociedad/2013/09/13/actualidad/1379070993_820358.html http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/institutodelamujer/index.php/violencia-degenero-132/guia-juridica-de-violencia-de-genero-y-derechos-de-las-mujeres/iviolencia-de-genero/suspension-de-la-ejecucion-dela-pena-en-los-delitos-relativos-

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http://www.diarioinformacion.com/opinion/2013/09/27/la-violencia-sexual-codigopenal/1419536.html http://www.mediterraneosur.es/fondo/violencia.html http://gara.naiz.info/paperezkoa/20130915/422410/es/La-violencia-sexual-unatortura-silenciada http://www.otromundoesposible.net/noticias/india-no-a-la-nueva-ordenanza-sobreviolencia-sexual http://www.alboan.org/portal/seccion.asp?N=978 http://www.lavozdigital.es/cadiz/v/20130911/mundo/violadores-amanat-enfrentanpena-20130911.html http://adavas.objectis.net/recursos/guia-de-informacion-y-de-actuacion-frente-a-laviolencia-machista/violencia-sexual http://www.pensamientocritico.org/meegan1013.htm http://www.europapress.es/epsocial/ong-y-asociaciones/noticia-ai-asegura-solucionviolencia-contra-mujeres-india-no-pena-muerte-reformas-20130913125225.html http://www.intereconomia.com/noticias-gaceta/iglesia/iglesia/polemica-panama-porun-proyecto-ley-para-introducir-pena-muerte-2011 http://www.mujeresycia.com/index.php?x=nota/51447/1/india-la-violencia-contralas-mujeres-exige-leyes-mas-estrictas http://mujerinvestigadora.lacoctelera.net/post/2012/10/29/contexto-legal-laviolencia-sexual-las-americas http://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/sociedad/noticias/5140026/09/13/Ai-asegura-quela-pena-de-muerte-contra-las-violadores-indios-no-resolvera-la-violencia-contralas-mujeres.html http://www.marisolcollazos.es/articulos/penal/Pena-muerte-perpetua.php http://www.diariodelaire.com/2013/07/violencia-sexual-machista-en-los.html http://foro.enfemenino.com/forum/f141/__f774_f141-Debate-pena-de-muerte-ocastracion-a-los-violadores.html violacion,b5730805e0701410VgnCLD2000000ec6eb0aRCRD.html http://www.linguee.es/espanol-ingles/traduccion/endurecer+las+penas.html http://karolch.obolog.com/pena-muerte-peru-1685050 http://www.abc.es/sociedad/20130829/abci-violadores-india-reduccion-pena-201308291225.html http://www.mujeresenred.net/spip.php?article1453 http://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20130625/54376952669/siria-endurecepenas-por-maltratos-a-ninos-en-su-guerra-civil.html http://amnistiainternacional.org/publicaciones/14-colombia-cuerpos-marcadoscrimenes-silenciados-violencia-sexual-contra-las-mujeres-en-el-marco-delhttp://www.elsevier.es/es/revistas/semergen---medicina-familia-40/violencia-domestica-maltrato-sexual-legislacion-13085861-tema-central-2006 http://www.redcontralatrata.org/?rubrique46&entidad=Instrumentos_ Juridicos&id=2234 http://www.izaping.com/18816/vergonzosas-sentencias-sobre-violencia-sexual.html http://www.canalsolidario.org/noticia/23-millones-de-ninos-victimas-de-violenciasexual-tu-lo-entiendes/33527 http://www.iurologico.com/unidad-de-medicina-sexual/ violencia-de-genero http://aciab.org/spip.php?article263 http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=174230 para-secuestrador-tres-chicas/1811990/ http://blog.educastur.es/correlavoz/2009/09/08/violencia-sexual-entre-menores/

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http://www.congordvisible.org/genero/articulo.php?id=actualidad&uuid=361 http://www.amecopress.net/spip.php?article9330 http://www.asociaciontoes.es/violencia-contra-mujeres/alto-la-violencia-sexual/ http://www.nodo50.org/ceprid/spip.php?article1734 http://www.comunicandoenigualdad.es/1/campana_de_prevencion_del_femicidio_ en_guatemala_1137962.html http://www.tercerainformacion.es/spip.php?article56639 http://www.diariodecadiz.es/article/elpuerto/1656396/chamizo/aboga/por/proteger/ los/menores/la/violencia/sexual.html http://es.noticias.yahoo.com/video/celebraciones-en-la-india-por-202712802.html http://www.religionenlibertad.com/articulo.asp?idarticulo=30181 http://www.sc.ehu.es/scrwwwsr/Medicina-Legal/salud%20sexual/2%AA%20 Presentaci%F3n%20diapositivas.ppt http://www.clinica-el-bosque.com/2642/ecuador-se-niega-a-victimas-de-violacionsexual-la-posibilidad-de-abortos-seguros-y-licitos/ http://conlaa.org/numero.19/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6 5&Itemid=71 http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2013/01/23/internacional/1358967445.html http://www.euroxpress.es/index.php/noticias/2013/1/21/el-padre-de-la-joven-indiaviolada-pide-la-pena-de-muerte-para-los-agresores/ http://suite101.net/article/violencia-sexual-en-nicaragua-a40097 http://noticias.juridicas.com/articulos/55-Derecho%20Penal/200206-19561326510231761.html http://www.redescristianas.net/2013/07/12/el-papa-endurece-las-penas-contra-lapederastia-y-el-blanqueo-de-dineropablo-ordaz/ http://www.ayto-aljaraque.es/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1 78&Itemid=218 http://fcompany.blogspot.com/2009/03/violencia-de-genero-recursos-ayuda.html http://www.topforo.com/asociacioncivilcasadelaesperanzatucasaam/foro. php?idpag=5&idtema=12396 http://www.elcomerciodelecuador.es/mundo/delito-violacion-mundo-agresion_sexual-penalizacion_0_758924195.html http://www.larepublica.es/2013/06/nace-mehanviolado-com-una-web-que-ensenacomo-actuar-ante-la-violencia-sexual/ http://www.eldiario.es/desalambre/igualdad/agresion-Tahrir-atacan-llamad-telefonos_0_149785056.html http://www.observatorioviolencia.org/noticias.php?id=1906 http://www.republica.com/2013/07/11/el-papa-sigue-la-linea-de-benedicto-xvi-yendurece-las-penas-contra-la-pederastia_676075/ http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/1754009/0/200-millones-ninos/violencia-sexual/ informe-plan/ http://autodefensafeminista.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id= http://ultimahora.es/mallorca/noticia/noticias/internacional/penas-entre-anos-paraseis-bosnio-croatas-por-limpieza-etnica.html http://ciberdelitos.wordpress.com/tag/abuso-sexual/ http://www.diariodesevilla.es/article/andalucia/1236335/gallardon/llama/padre/marta/ para/hablar/sobre/endurecer/las/penas/los/menores.html http://www.zonaereader.com/articulo/el-nuevo-c%C3%B3digo-penal-fuera-piratasy-protestas http://niagarank.es/feminismo/1373285013904 http://www.psicologia-online.com/foros/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=63727 http://www.hombresigualitarios.ahige.org/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=1691:la-violencia-sexual-contra-mujeres-un-arma-politica-

Que r y: http://www.altalex.com/index.php?idnot=42189 http://www.ilfazioso.com/approvato-dalla-camera-il-ddl-sulla-violenza-sessualepene-piu-severe-per-gli-stupratori.html http://www.professionisti.it/enciclopedia/voce/656/Violenza-sessuale http://www.diagnose-gewalt.eu/recht-it/gesetzliche-grundlagen-italien/bestimmungen-zur-gewalt-gegen-personen/straftaten-mit-strafantragsrecht http://www.diritto.it/docs/34506-il-reato-di-violenza-sessuale-in-ambito-domestico-soprattutto-a-danno-di-minori http://www.diritto.it/docs/24902-sospensione-dell-esecuzione-della-pena-edelitti-di-violenza-sessuale-indirizzi-ermeneutici-prevalenti http://www.ilmessaggero.it/marche/violenza_sessuale_allenatore_rugby_ascoli/ notizie/358607.shtml http://www.blitzquotidiano.it/cronaca-italia/cassazione-violenza-sessuale-non-gravelecita-la-sospensione-della-pena-1643321/ http://www.dilei.it/attualita/pinkpoint/nuova-legge-violenza-sessuale.html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/f264/__f838_f264-Come-la-legge-disciplina-laviolenza-sessuale.html http://mattinopadova.gelocal.it/cronaca/2013/07/17/news/violenza-sessuale-suminore-pena-ridotta-al-vigilante-1.7436386 http://www.perledonne.info/violenza.htm in-india http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/violenza-sessuale/ http://www.lastampa.it/2012/02/02/italia/cronache/per-violenza-sessuale-di-gruppoanche-pene-diverse-dal-carcere-vzeoiJlhUkKJfgSe4vb4iJ/pagina.html http://www.agrigentonotizie.it/cronaca/violenza-stalnkig-condannato-salvatoreannolino-agrigento.html sessuale-dei-minori.htm http://www.brocardi.it/codice-penale/libro-secondo/titolo-xii/capo-iii/sezione-ii/ art609bis.html http://www.primopianomolise.it/news.aspx?news=10516 http://www.professionisti24.ilsole24ore.com/art/AreaProfessionisti/Diritto/DIR_VIOLENZA%20SESSUALE.shtml?uuid=e4d6a096-aaee-11db-a31900000e25108c&type=Libero http://www.asianews.it/notizie-it/Condannati-gli-stupratori-di-New-Delhi.-Rischiano-la-pena-di-morte-28970.html http://www.tesionline.it/v2/appunto-sub.jsp?p=219&id=196 http://www.corriereirpinia.it/default.php?id=999&art_id=40549 http://ricerca.quotidiano.net/index.shtml?ricerca_libera=violenza+sessuale&sort =swishrank http://www.mauriziobossi.it/diritto/violenza_sessuale.asp http://www.newz.it/2013/10/18/violenza-sessuale-su-annamaria-scarfo-confermatele-condanne-leggero-sconto-di-pene-in-appello/175802/ http://www.primadanoi.it/news/cronaca/541349/Violenza-sessuale--ClaudioMastramico-ed.html http://27esimaora.corriere.it/articolo/india-approvata-la-pena-di-morte-per-icrimini-sessuali/ http://www.studiolegaledelalla.it/cose_da_sapere/violenza-sessuale_difesa-violenzasessuale_609-bis-c-p-_liberta-sessuale_difesa-penale-violenza-sessuale_difensorevio/

http://www.lecceprima.it/tag/violenza-sessuale/

â&#x20AC;&#x153; vi o l en za s e ss u a l e â&#x20AC;? pe n a

aggravata-per-annolino/ http://www.agrigentotv.it/agrigento-violenza-sessuale-stalking-pena-aggravataannolino/ http://www.marzorati.org/pagina17.html http://www.giustiziapertutti.com/diritto-penale/giustizia-penale/la-condanna-perviolenza-sessuale-comporta-sempre-lapplicazione-delle-pene-accessorie.html http://www.webalice.it/stefaniasavorani/ordinamento_europeo.htm http://www.irpiniaoggi.it/index.php/cronaca-in-irpinia/2-cronaca/113722-violenzasessuale-di-gruppo-pena-ridotto-per-un-giovane-ucraino.html esposte-al-pubblico-pene-piu-severe-e-nuovi-reati http://247.libero.it/rfocus/19031747/1/violenza-sessuale-di-gruppo-pena-ridotta-perun-giovane-ucraino/ http://www.ilpiacenza.it/cronaca/tentato-bacio-collo-condannato-5-mesi.html http://www.laleggepertutti.it/35408_partner-pene-piu-severe-in-caso-di-maltrattamento-e-violenze-familiari http://www.luigiligotti.it/2012/09/15/difendere-i-soggetti-piu-deboli-e-tutelare-ibambini-dallorco/ http://www.lazio.cgil.it/romaest/pages/violenza%20sessuale.htm http://www.overlex.com/leggiarticolo.asp?id=1304 http://www.uominibeta.org/articoli/pena-di-morte-in-nuova-guinea-per-violenzasessuale/ http://www.studiocataldi.it/news_giuridiche_asp/news_giuridica_12680.asp http://guide.supereva.it/carceri/interventi/2006/06/258072.shtml http://www.avvocatofrancescodandria.it/violenza-sessuale/ http://www.bambinicoraggiosi.com/?q=node/544 http://www.qoop.it/similar/cassazione-violenza-sessuale-non-grave-lecita-la-sospensione-della-pena__3c5c1c4cdb2970e7723a698cbf458b86 http://www.quicosenza.it/le-notizie-dell-area-urbana-di-cosenza/6202-deve-scontarela-pena-per-violenza-sessuale-arrestato-dai-carabinieri http://www.trs98.it/?tag=violenza-sessuale http://www.arezzonotizie.it/archivio/home/cronaca/item/95867-sacerdote-palpeggiagiovane-accusato-di-violenza-sessuale-patteggia-la-pena/ http://www.civitanovalive.it/?p=18692 condanna-per-violenza-sessuale/ http://www.ivg.it/2012/10/albenga-violenza-sessuale-e-maltrattamenti-assoluzione-epena-ridotta-per-francesco-russo/ http://frontierenews.it/2013/02/india-e-violenza-sessuale-una-riforma-che-noncentra-il-problema/ http://www.online-news.it/2011/11/28/violenza-sessuale-sconto-di-pena-peramantino-mancini/ http://www.womenews.net/spip3/spip.php?article12053 http://www.oknovara.it/news/?p=64484 http://parcodeinebrodi.blogspot.com/2013/07/papa-francesco-tortura-e-violenza. html http://www.oggi.it/posta/tag/violenza-sessuale/ http://www.cremonaoggi.it/2013/07/12/le-ruba-un-bacio-e-violenza-sessualecondannato-a-nove-mesi/ http://www.repubblica.it/2007/10/sezioni/cronaca/sardo-violenza/sardo-violenza/ sardo-violenza.html http://www.falsiabusi.it/area_giur/diritto/c062.htm

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http://gvgiusti.tripod.com/legislazionesanitaria/id31.html http://www.guidelegali.it/stampa-articolo/la-sospensione-condizionata-dellapena-1631.aspx http://www.ilgiornale.it/tag/violenza-sessuale.html http://www.ilgiorno.it/lodi/cronaca/2013/10/31/974784-Violenza-Sessuale.shtml http://www.pdl.it/notizie/24183/sbai-certezza-della-pena-per-il-reato-di-violenzasessuale http://www.beppegrillo.it/listeciviche/forum/2013/03/maggior-contrasto-allaviolenza-sessuale-su-donne-e-minori.html http://www.mclink.it/n/dwpress/dww31/pass/art4_p.htm http://www.corrierediragusa.it/articoli/cronache/vittoria/23434-violento-la-moglienel-2012-3-anni-da-scontare-in-carcere.html http://www.ntr24.tv/it/news/cronaca/deve-scontare-una-pena-per-violenza-sessualearrestato-un-quarantaduenne.html http://www.internazionale.it/news/asia/2013/09/10/la-violenza-sessuale-e-inaumento-in-india/ http://www.studiocerbone.com/pena-sospesa-se-il-reato-e-meno-grave-cassazionesentenza-n-34945-del-2013/

http://www.estense.com/?p=319196 http://www.scoopsquare.com/post/it/2013/10/11/11/936271-agrigento-violenzasessuale-e-stalking-pena-aggravata-per-annolino.html http://www.personaedanno.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=437 62&catid=205&Itemid=455&mese=10&anno=2013 http://www.msos.it/portale/contenuti/conoscerli-per-difendersi/violenza-sessuale systemPrint http://livesicilia.it/2012/06/19/deve-espiare-la-pena-residua-per-tentata-violenzasessuale_157472/ http://www.reporternuovo.it/2013/02/05/lindia-ha-approvato-la-pena-di-morte-per-ireati-legati-alla-violenza-sessuale/ http://www.provincia.biella.it/on-line/Home/Servizion-line/Consiglieradiparita/Stalking/documento20404.html http://www.jus.unitn.it/Cardozo/Review/misc/violses.htm http://www.gds.it/gds/edizioni-locali/palermo/dettaglio/articolo/gdsid/237327/ delitto_di_violenza_sessuale_in_caso_di_bacio_sulla_guancia/ http://cronacaeattualita.blogosfere.it/2013/02/stupri-in-india-approvata-la-pena-dimorte-per-i-crimini-sessuali.html

Capter 2 Que r y: http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/crime/artikel.php?ID=289459 http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-11/news/1993011046_1_child-sexualabuse-sentence-abuse-cases http://chfs.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/D89DAD72-CA9E-456D-B4BA-DB0A4A468FE9/0/ ChildSexualAbuse.htm http://criminal.lawyers.com/sexual-crimes/blogs/archives/53-What-is-the-penaltyfor-Child-Molestation,-Sexual-Assault,-Sexual-Battery,-Prostitution-or-LewdConduct.html http://www.cbc.ca/newsblogs/yourcommunity/2013/02/is-canada-too-soft-on-childsexual-abuse.html http://www.thefuturegroup.org/youwillbecaught/law_Germany.html http://www.vachss.com/help_text/corporal.html http://answers.uslegal.com/criminal/child-molestation/15607/ abuse-child-abuse-rabbis abuse-child-abuse-rabbis abuse-sexual-abuse-corporal-punishment http://crime.about.com/u/ua/sex/ChildSexualAbuse.htm http://criminal-law.freeadvice.com/criminal-law/violent_crimes/sexual-abuse.htm html punishment/ http://digitaljournal.com/article/357196

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http://drdorothy.info/services/sexual-abuse-recovery-2/aftereffects-of-sexual-abuse/ mental-aftereffects-of-sexual-abuseincest/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse_laws_in_the_United_States http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/9716482/ncaa-reduce-penalties-pennstate-regarding-jerry-sandusky-child-sexual-abuse-matter sexual-abuse-death-penalty-lives-on/19620 http://koehlerlaw.net/assault-theft/sexual-assault/ http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Child+Molestation http://newsok.com/authorities-claim-pastor-used-sexual-abuse-as-punishment/ article/3556115 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1977268 http://punishmentwithoutcrime.wordpress.com/category/paedophilia/child-sexualabuse/ http://rapsinews.com/legislation_news/20130709/268099531.html http://ridalaskaofchildabuse.org/CSA.html http://risexcrimes.wordpress.com/penalties/ http://standupagainstviolence.org/child-sexual-abuse.html http://students.adelphi.edu/sa/sexual-assault/applicable-laws.php http://theviewspaper.net/punishment-for-sexual-abuse/ http://ukpaedos-exposed.com/facts-and-stats-on-child-abuse/sentences-explainedfor-sexual-crimes/ http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-01-07/child-sexabuse/52431616/1 http://www.allaahuakbar.net/article_showall.asp?cat_id=301&parent_id=26&sub_

â&#x20AC;&#x153;sexu al ab u seâ&#x20AC;? p u n i s h m e n t

http://www.cga.ct.gov/2002/olrdata/kid/rpt/2002-r-0836.htm http://www.childlineindia.org.in/child-sexual-abuse-law-and-lacuna.htm http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/Child-Abuse.htm http://www.criminallawyerillinois.com/2010/04/18/what-is-criminal-sexual-abusein-illinois/ http://www.edreferral.com/articles/sexual_abuse_&_ed.htm http://www.examiner.com/article/un-peacekeepers-punishment-for-sexual-abuseslap-on-the-wrist http://www.frankmungoattorney.com/kentucky-criminal-law-info/sex-offensekentucky/sex-abuse-in-kentucky.html http://www.fris.org/Laws/WVLaws.html jaime-galdamez-as-punishment-for-sexual-abuse.html http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/copyright?hl=en&docId=CNG.b59e8d61ce 0cc6ac88b4065f406e930a.1e1 http://www.grabellaw.com/child-molestation-and-sexual-abuse.html punishment/ http://www.infoniac.com/breaking/court-consider-death-penalty-child-sexual-abuse. html http://www.irinnews.org/report/76342/nepal-risks-of-child-sexual-abuse-growing http://www.islandpacket.com/2013/06/21/2550554/st-helena-man-gets-lifesentence.html http://www.justia.com/injury/sexual-abuse/ http://www.justice.gov/criminal/ceos/citizensguide/citizensguide_sexualabuse.html http://www.ketv.com/news/local-news/omaha-priests-found-guilty-by-church-ofsexual-abuse-of-minors/-/9674510/23107592/-/isycj1z/-/index.html http://www.lacriminaldefenseattorney.com/Criminal-Defense/Sex-Crimes/ChildAbuse.aspx http://www.lacriminaldefenseattorney.com/Criminal-Defense/Sex-Crimes/ChildAbuse.aspx http://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-200.html http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/sexual-abuse---criminal.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1603642

http://www.newsminer.com/news/local_news/sentence-in-fairbanks-sexual-abusecase-overturned/article_1c770f12-1ea2-11e3-ab58-001a4bcf6878.html http://www.nospank.net/holm.htm#introduction http://www.nwmindia.org/articles/provisions-that-address-child-sexual-abuse http://www.nyccriminallawyer.com/sex-crimes/sexual-abuse-charge-in-new-york/ http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/22/us/two-more-priests-found-unsuitable-inphiladelphia.html http://www.oklahomalegalgroup.com/child-abuse http://www.pandys.org/articles/sexualabusegrooming.html http://www.pandys.org/articles/sexualabusegrooming.html http://www.prevent-abuse-now.com/law3.htm#AState http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213406001451 http://www.shouselaw.com/nevada/child-sex-abuse.html http://www.star-telegram.com/2013/07/10/4994700/arlington-man-gets-maximumpenalty.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/10174076/Pope-Francis-toughens-up-Vatican-laws-on-child-sex-abuse.html http://www.todayszaman.com/news-256459-turkey-introduces-harsh-punishmentfor-sexual-abuse-of-children.html http://www.tulsasexcrimeattorney.com/Sex-Crimes/Child-Abuse.aspx http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/153720/draft-bill-to-toughen-sexual-abusepenalties-in-turkey.html http://www.txcrimdefense.com/child-sexual-abuse.html http://www.txcrimdefense.com/child-sexual-abuse.html http://www.uncommonforum.com/viewtopic.php?p=536350 http://www.victimsofviolence.on.ca/rev2/index.php?option=com_content&task=vie w&id=331&Itemid=21 http://www.wcsap.org/child-sexual-abuse http://www.womenslaw.org/statutes_detail.php?statute_id=2649 http://wyattlaw.com/showcase/minimal-punishment-after-guilty-verdict-for-childsexual-abuse/ https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/sexabuse/sexabuseb.cfm

sexual-abuse-as-punishment-for-adopted-daughters

Que r y: http://arizonasexcrimesfaq.com/category/sexual-assault/ http://boston.com/community/blogs/crime_punishment/2011/04/breaking_silence_on_campus_sex.html http://crime.about.com/od/Crime_101/f/What-Is-Sexual-Assault.htm http://crimeblog.dallasnews.com/2012/09/mckinney-man-gets-stacked-prisonsentences-for-sexual-assault-of-a-child.html/ sentencing.html http://dmcantor.com/sexual-offenses/sexual-assault/ http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Canadian_Criminal_Sentencing/Cases/Sexual_Assault http://feminist.org/blog/index.php/2013/02/04/india-enacts-harsher-punishmentsfor-sexual-assault/ http://hrbrief.org/2013/04/india%E2%80%99s-new-sexual-assault-ordinance-allows-

for-capital-punishment/ http://le.utah.gov/~code/TITLE76/htm/76_05_040500.htm http://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/45/5/45-5-502.htm http://maryland-criminallawyer.com/maryland-assault-lawyer/sexual-assault.html http://news.oneindia.in/2013/07/17/punishment-for-sexual-assault-just-5-hits-withshoes-1261372.html http://news.stv.tv/north/248614-ian-paterson-appealing-18-month-sentence-forsexual-assault/ http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indian-citizens-protest-gang-rape-gainincreased-punishment-sexual-assault-crimes-2012-2013 http://sacetalks.wordpress.com/2009/06/26/sentencing/ http://sistertoldjah.com/archives/2013/06/15/navy-judge-obama-exerted-unlawful-

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http://spriggslaw.com/18222.html http://students.adelphi.edu/sa/sexual-assault/applicable-laws.php http://thinkprogress.org/security/2013/06/14/2160871/house-ndaa-mst/ http://tribune.com.pk/story/612578/war-against-rape-sexual-assault-women-mpasdemand-speedy-trial-death-sentences-in-rape-cases/ http://vacode.org/18.2-67.5:2/ http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/military_lawyers_confront_changes_ as_sexual_assault_becomes_big_news/ http://www.aifs.gov.au/acssa/pubs/sheets/rs1/ http://www.allgov.com/news/controversies/air-force-version-of-punishing-sexualassault-no-promotion-130311?news=849386 http://www.armstronglegal.com.au/criminal-law/offences/sexual/ http://www.aware.org.sg/rape/ http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/court-told-six-month-sentence-for-sexualassault-was-too-lenient-614575.html http://www.centenary.edu/handbook/appendices/sexual_assault http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/criminal_law/criminal_offences/ law_on_sex_offences_in_ireland.html http://www.colorado-criminal-law.com/colorado-sex-assault-guide/colorado-lawsex-assault-sentencing.htm http://www.colorado-criminal-lawyer.com/felony_cases/sexual_assault.html http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/s_to_u/sentencing_manual/s3_sexual_assault/ http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/sexual-assault.htm http://www.daftmoo.org.uk/mooforum/showthread.php?835-maximum-sentencefor-sexual-assault http://www.edmontonpolice.ca/CommunityPolicing/PersonalPropertyCrimes/SexualAssault/WhatisSexualAssault.aspx http://www.ehow.co.uk/facts_5114856_sentencing-guidelines-sexual-assault.html http://www.gcsu.edu/womenscenter/projectcare/sexualassault.htm http://www.grabellaw.com/sexual-assault.html http://www.grllaw.com/PracticeAreas/Sexual-Assault-Rape.asp assault_n_3916383.html http://www.judcom.nsw.gov.au/publications/benchbks/sentencing/sexual_assault. html http://www.kltv.com/story/24048109/35-year-prison-sentence-handed-down-toman-for-continuous-sexual-assault-of-a-child http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/920 http://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-200.html http://www.legalmann.com/CriminalDefense/SexCrimes/SexualAssault.aspx http://www.loc.gov/lawweb/servlet/lloc_news?disp3_l205403485_text

http://ablawg.ca/2010/08/20/sentencing-for-spousal-sexual-violence-different-butequal/ http://act.amnesty.org.in/india_death_penalty_will_not_end_violence_against_ women http://arc.eppgroup.eu/press/showpr.asp?prcontroldoctypeid=1&prcontrolid=11636 &prcontentid=19332&prcontentlg=en http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/02/12/rights-groups-slam-proposed-sexual-

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http://www.mariomadridlaw.com/sex-crimes/houston-area-man-sentenced-to-life-inprison-for-aggravated-sexual-assault-of-child http://www.mississaugacriminaldefencelawyers.com/index.php?page=sexual_assault http://www.navytimes.com/article/20130723/NEWS06/307230032/ http://www.oag.state.tx.us/teens/crime/assault.shtml http://www.policymic.com/articles/29935/sexual-assault-in-the-military-97-5-of-allmilitary-rapes-aren-t-punished http://www.prevention-violence.com/en/int-143.asp http://www.preventsexualassault.army.mil/faqs.cfm http://www.pringlelaw.ca/practices/5-sexual-assault-and-sexual-offences http://www.protectourdefenders.com/statement-air-force-report-on-sexual-assaulthighlights-need-for-sentencing-reform/ http://www.publicintegrity.org/2010/02/24/4360/lack-consequences-sexual-assault http://www.rapereliefshelter.bc.ca/faq/what-kinds-penalties-does-sexual-assaultcarry-if-someone-found-guilty http://www.rocketswag.com/legal/criminal-lawyer/assault/Sentence-For-SexualAssault.html http://www.roscommonherald.ie/2013/11/18/court-told-six-month-sentence-forsexual-assault-was-too-lenient/ http://www.sexassault.ca/criminalprocess.htm http://www.sexualityandu.ca/sexual-health/sex-and-the-law/sexual-assault http://www.statisticbrain.com/mandatory-prison-sentence-statistics/ http://www.stopvaw.org/basic_2 military-punishment-1.252865 http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/how-canadas-sex-assault-lawsviolate-rape-victims/article14705289/?page=all http://www.thejournal.ie/judge-sexual-assault-cases-640188-Oct2012/ http://www.thelawpages.com/court-cases/maximums.php http://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/2011/05/16/jail-sentence-handed-outfor-sexual-assault http://www.todayszaman.com/news-332072-education-director-at-work-despitesentences-for-sexual-assault.html http://www.torontocriminallawyers.com/criminal-charges/sexual-assault http://www.tulsasexcrimeattorney.com/Sex-Crimes/Sexual-Assault.aspx http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/04/05/sexual-assault-victims-no-longerneed-to-fear-punishment-for-treatment http://www.uwgb.edu/counselinghealth/sexual_assault/dpp.asp http://yourlaws.ca/criminal-code-canada/271-sexual-assault http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/panchayat-announces-bizarre-punishment-for-sexual-assault_862748.html http://zvulony.ca/2010/articles/criminal-law/sex-assault/

violence-laws/ http://colombiareports.co/colombia-fails-to-punish-sexual-violence-amnestyinternational/ http://crime.about.com/od/v_domviolence/a/abuse_types.htm http://deathpenaltynews.blogspot.com/2013/03/india-passes-strict-new-sexualviolence.html http://ejil.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/2/253.full http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_Haiti

Que r y: â&#x20AC;&#x153;sexu al vio len ceâ&#x20AC;? pu n i s h m e n t

http://english.mogef.go.kr/sub02/sub02_32_01.jsp http://focusweb.org/content/statement-women%E2%80%99s-and-progressivegroups-and-individuals-condemning-sexual-violence-and of-sexual-violence-and-intimidating-victims/ http://hornbillunleashed.wordpress.com/2013/10/14/51351/ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/statement-by-womens-groups-and-individuals-condemning-sexual-violence-and-opposing-death-penalty/312096-3.html http://icpdbeyond2014.org/whats-new/view/id/95/act-now-act-big-to-end-sexualviolence-in-drc http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/09/13/delhi-gang-rape-activistsidINDEE98C09F20130913 http://kff.org/news-summary/promote-womens-rights-punish-perpetrators-to-endsexual-violence/ http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jowh/summary/v019/19.4freedman.html http://sanhati.com/excerpted/6175/ http://sasvy.com/ http://sgdatabase.unwomen.org/searchDetail.action?measureId=10585 http://southasia.oneworld.net/newsmakers/womens-groups-condemn-sexualviolence-oppose-death-penalty http://theelders.org/article/sentencing-rapists-death-wont-tackle-root-causesexual-violence http://thinkprogress.org/health/2013/03/20/1746141/india-rape-penalty/ http://worldpulse.com/node/77342 http://wssnet.org/tag/sexual-violence/ http://www.africaportal.org/dspace/articles/preventing-and-punishing-sexualviolence-work-international-conference-great-lakes http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/10/dr-congo-urged-punish-soldiersover-rapes-20131020151429145110.html http://www.amnesty.ca/news/news-releases/india-new-sexual-violence-law-hasboth-positive-and-regressive-provisions http://www.amnesty.ie/node/3393 http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/india-death-penalty-will-not-end-violence-againstwomen-2013-09-13 http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/news-item/colombian-authorities-fail-to-stop-orpunish-sexual-violence-against-women http://www.awid.org/Library/Legislating-against-sexual-violence-the-Kenyanexperience2 http://www.beaconreader.com/jean-friedman/sexual-violence-in-india-no-easyanswers http://www.change.org/en-IN/petitions/a-comprehensive-response-to-sexualviolence http://www.childrenareunbeatable.org.uk/the-case-for-reform/sexual-violence.html http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2149077/Women-Alabama-prison-sufferedfrequent-severe-sexual-violence-guards-PUNISHED-tried-report-crimes.html http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/opinion/tackling-sexual-violence-against-womentime-get-serious

http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/news/issue.cfm?id=3466 http://www.equalitynow.org/category/issues/sexual_violence http://www.equalitynow.org/es/node/1685 http://www.forskningsradet.no/servlet/Satellite?c=Prosjekt&cid=1226485778252&pa gename=kjonnsforskning/Hovedsidemal&p=1228296172523 http://www.fris.org/Laws/WVLaws.html http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/02/11/india-reject-new-sexual-violence-ordinance parliament_n_2924462.html http://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_cha_chapter32_rule93 http://www.indianexpress.com/news/delhi-gangrape-death-penalty-wont-end-sexualviolence-say-activists/1169212/ http://www.indiatogether.org/2013/sep/wom-rapedeath.htm http://www.interactivetheatre.org/resc/history.html http://www.ipas.org/en/News/2011/December/On-behalf-of-Nicaraguan-sexualviolence-victims--Ipas-helps-petition-human-rights-commissi.aspx http://www.jstor.org/stable/1410370 http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/10/117_53165.html http://www.mncasa.org/about.html http://www.morungexpress.com/weekly_poll_result/103636.html http://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/rape-sexual-violence/ http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/03/07/173657424/law-targets-sexualviolence-on-college-campuses http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/12/world/africa/12diplo.html http://www.ohchr.org/en/newsevents/pages/rapeweaponwar.aspx http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/abrahams/delhi-rape-case-capital-punishmentisnt-justice/ http://www.publicintegrity.org/accountability/education/sexual-assault-campus http://www.raisehopeforcongo.org/content/initiatives/violence-against-women http://www.rnw.nl/africa/article/act-now-act-big-end-sexual-violence-drc http://www.sacw.net/article5375.html http://www.sdnp.org.gy/16days/node/59 http://www.thefword.org.uk/blog/2013/08/india_needs_com http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/31/kenya-gang-rape-protests-nairobiattackers-grass-cutting-punishment http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/sex-violence-and-punishment/ article4267210.ece http://www.trust.org/item/20121003164700-wfzh8/ http://www.ucanews.com/news/india-passes-tougher-law-on-sexual-violence/67817 http://www.unfpa.org/emergencies/manual/4.htm http://www.untogo.org/News/UN/Angelina-Jolie-urges-UN-to-punish-rape-inwarzones http://www.wluml.org/node/7259 http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2013/09/06/punishing-sexual-violence/ https://www.facebook.com/events/505868172767740/

Que r y: http://5newsonline.com/2013/10/26/rape-suspects-punishment-mow-grass/ http://answer-islam.org/Rape.html http://askville.amazon.com/punishment-rape/AnswerViewer.

do?requestId=89184796 http://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/19430/death-sentences-for-rape-in-india-cuttinggrass-for-rapists-in-kenya/

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http://en.islamtoday.net/node/1076 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_regarding_rape http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1279834/ http://islam.about.com/od/crime/f/rape.htm http://jezebel.com/kenyans-pissed-that-rape-suspects-had-to-cut-grassas-1452938543 http://merirei.com/avaaz-the-worlds-worst-punishment-for-rape/ http://missoulian.com/news/local/billings-teacher-to-serve--day-rape-sentence-inmontana/article_c1f4e546-125d-11e3-b7fe-001a4bcf887a.html http://newindianexpress.com/nation/Youth-gets-death-penalty-for-raping-murdering-minor/2013/11/22/article1905289.ece http://news.msn.co.nz/worldnews/8749178/top-kenya-judge-acts-over-rapepunishment http://news.oneindia.in/india/delhi-gang-rape-case-hc-starts-hearing-arguements-ondeath-sentence-1334972.html http://news.yahoo.com/4-men-given-death-sentences-india-gang-rape-090906857. html http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/indian-citizens-protest-gang-rape-gainincreased-punishment-sexual-assault-crimes-2012-2013 http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014241278873238646045790668441 88789748 http://somalilandpress.com/the-world%E2%80%99s-worst-punishment-forrape-45413 http://spa.qibla.com/issue_view.asp?HD=12&ID=15659&CATE=10 http://thestir.cafemom.com/in_the_news/163427/suspects_in_teens_gang_rape http://thewillnigeria.com/news/rape-of-toddler-senate-demands-maximum-punishhttp://thinkprogress.org/justice/2013/11/15/2949891/alabama-rapist-punishment/ http://toostep.com/debate/should-death-penalty-be-given-to-rape-cases http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2013_11_02/Court-hears-appeal-ver-the-deathpenalty-in-Delhi-gang-rape-case-3194/ http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-02/kenyan-gang-rape-accused-ordered-tocut-grass/5066182 http://www.answering-christianity.com/que10.htm http://www.avaaz.org/en/justice_for_liz_loc/ http://www.aware.org.sg/rape/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-24078339 http://www.bustle.com/articles/7743-kenya-rape-grass-cutting-punishment-causesnational-uproar http://www.care2.com/causes/whats-the-punishment-for-raping-a-14-year-old-girlapparently-not-jail-time.html http://www.cbc.ca/news/will-india-gang-rape-death-sentences-change-anything-1.1670056 http://www.cga.ct.gov/2003/olrdata/jud/rpt/2003-r-0376.htm http://www.change.org/en-IN/petitions/death-for-rape-capital-punishment-forrapists-of-the-delhi-gang-rape http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/sex-crimes/ statutory-rape-charges-punishment-defense http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2479778/Nairobi-police-punish-gang-rapemen-making-mow-station-lawn.html http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-delhi-gang-rape-case-convicts-invoke-mahatma-gandhi-to-oppose-death-penalty-1917498

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gangrape-convicts-to-death-1096893.html http://www.foxnews.com/us/2013/11/20/alabama-woman-receiving-support-afterspeaking-out-about-rape-light-punishment/ http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/11/07/teen-rape-grass-cutting-punishmentgalvanizes-support-in-kenya-for-invisible/ http://www.france24.com/en/20130912-india-rape-terrorism-death-penalty http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/3084919/posts http://www.fresnobee.com/2013/11/18/3617166/death-sentence-for-eddie-ricky.html http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/delhi-gang-rape-activistsquestion-euphoria-over-death-sentence/article1-1121790.aspx html http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/rape-punishment-sparks-protestin-kenya-8916496.html http://www.indianexpress.com/news/punishment-for-rape/1054217/ http://www.irinnews.org/report/18447/pakistan-girl-gang-raped-as-local-punishment http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0433_0584_ZS.html http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/x9H2JRZcZR7JlVCiqMuVoO/Delhi-gangrapepunishing-juvenile-criminals.html http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/delhi-gang-rape-sentencingjudge-2265890 http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/11/alabama-man-no-prison-time-rapingteenager http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/mumbai-gang-rape-in-parliament-anger-anddemand-for-punishment-410435 http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/demonstrators-outraged-grass-cuttingpunishment-kenyan-gang-rape-case-article-1.1504718 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/17/nyregion/30-year-sentence-for-rape-of-birdwatcher-in-park.html http://www.osho.com/Topics/TopicsEng/CrimePunish.htm http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?206690 http://www.prio.no/Projects/Project/?x=899 http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/abrahams/delhi-rape-case-capital-punishmentisnt-justice/ http://www.pudr.org/?q=content/delhi-gang-rape-case-futility-capital-punishment http://www.radford.edu/content/va-chiefs/home/october-2008/cruel-unusualpunishment.html http://www.rferl.org/content/india-rape-legislation-parliament/24935460.html http://www.smh.com.au/world/kenyas-lawnmowing-rape-sentence-sends-1-millionhttp://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000096460&story_title=kenyanspetition-over-grass-cutting-punishment-for-busia-gang-rape http://www.tehelka.com/there-cant-be-a-uniform-punishment-for-every-case-ofrape/ http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/india-rape-death-sentence-wasmore-drama-than-deterrence/article14372544/ http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/31/kenya-gang-rape-protests-nairobiattackers-grass-cutting-punishment http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/delhi-gangrape-all-four-accused-sentencedto-death/article5123772.ece http://www.theindiankanoon.com/2012/09/section-376-of-ipc-punishment-for-rape. html https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/Chapter265/Section22 https://www.facebook.com/DeathForRape.DFR

Capter 3 Que r y: http://abolishdeathpenaltyindia.blogspot.com/2013/04/rape-convict-dharampal-notto-be-hanged.html http://abolishdeathpenaltyindia.blogspot.com/2013/11/man-sentenced-to-deathfor-haridwar.html http://animeshkmishra.com/of-rapes-and-capital-punishment/ http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130904033051AA2gzLi http://bargad.org/2013/01/21/death-penalty/ http://bigstory.ap.org/article/authorities-set-verdict-new-delhi-rape-case http://bigstory.ap.org/article/indian-rape-victims-mother-urges-death-penalty http://bigstory.ap.org/article/look-capital-punishment-india http://blog.caritas.org/2013/01/14/capital-punishment-no-answer-to-rape-crimesin-india/ http://blog.tehelka.com/hanging-criminals-wont-help-reduce-rapes-education-will/ http://blog.tehelka.com/if-not-capital-punishment-for-a-rapist-india-should-look-atchemical-castration-as-an-option/

http://hrbrief.org/2013/04/india%E2%80%99s-new-sexual-assault-ordinance-allowsfor-capital-punishment/ http://iarunraj.blogspot.it/2013/09/for-you-nirbhaya-hang-rapist.html http://ibnlive.in.com/news/punjab-government-favours-capital-punishment-in-brutalrape-cases/313967-3-241.html http://idiva.com/news-work-life/main-accused-in-nirbhaya-rape-case-hangs-himselfyou-say/20114 http://impunitywatch.com/gang-rape-trial-sparks-scrutiny-over-indian-death-penaltyambivalence/ http://indianexponent.com/47692/why-capital-punishment-cant-bring-justice-deathpenalty-just-makes-killers-of-us-all.html http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/december-16-gangrape-death-sentence-all-fourguilty/1/309251.html http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/delhi-2012-gangrape-convicts-death-penaltyquantam-of-punishment/1/309529.html

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“cap i t al p u n i s h m e n t ” ra p e I n d i a “d eat h p en a l t y ” ra p e I n d i a h an g i n g ra pe I n di a

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Politecnico di Milano School of design A.Y. 2013 / 2014 Master of science in communication design

politecnico di milano a.y. 2013 /2014