ISSN 2050-6732 (Print) ISSN 2050-6740 (Online)
Counter-IED Report Autumn 2016
“LAST CALL, CLOSING GATES… TO TERRORISM”; SOMETHING BETWEEN REALITIES AND DREAMS ABOUT SAFE AIRPORTS ADVANCES IN LASER EXPLOSIVES DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES FEMALE ROLES RELATED TO IEDs IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (IEDs): A HUMANITARIAN MINE ACTION PERSPECTIVE EFFECTIVE POST-CONFLICT COUNTER-IED AND EOD TRAINING, SKILLS AND CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT FOR OUR EOD FORCES UNDERWATER EO – RISK, MITIGATION AND LOGISTICS THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL REGULATIONS ON ISLAMIC STATE BOMB-MAKING CAPABILITIES IN IRAQ IEDs - MAOIST INGENUITY CHALLENGE FOR INDIAN POLICE FORCES EXERCISE BISON COUNTER 16
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ISSN 2050-6732 (Print) ISSN 2050-6740 (Online)
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS
IFC QINETIQ NORTH AMERICA 5
ICOR TECHNOLOGY
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THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC
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DSA DETECTION
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SCANNA MSC LTD
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FOREWORD By Rob Hyde-Bales, Consulting Editor, Counter-IED Report
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PRIMETECH - A DIVISION OF FAE GROUP S.P.A.
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SERIM RESEARCH CORPORATION
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UK SECURITY EXPO 2016
15 “LAST CALL, CLOSING GATES… TO TERRORISM”; SOMETHING BETWEEN REALITIES AND DREAMS ABOUT SAFE AIRPORTS By Lieutenant Colonel Jose M Rufas, Head of the Defeat the Device Branch, C-IED Centre of Excellence 22
ISDEF EXPO 2017
23 ADVANCES IN LASER EXPLOSIVES DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES By Thermo Fisher Scientific – Portable Analytical Instruments 30 4
CBRNe SUMMIT EUROPE 2017
COUNTER-IED REPORT, Autumn 2016
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
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COUNTERING THE HYBRID THREAT: C-IED’s ROLE IN COUNTERING THE UNCONVENTIONAL SIDE OF WARFARE By Lieutenant Colonel Jose M Rufas, Head of the Defeat the Device Branch, C-IED Centre of Excellence
37 FEMALE ROLES RELATED TO IEDs By Zsuzsanna Balogh, PhD, project manager, NATO HQ SACT 43
COMBAT ENGINEER 2016
44 IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (IEDs): A HUMANITARIAN MINE ACTION PERSPECTIVE By Dr Robert Keeley, Chief Technical Advisor, Danish Demining Group (DDG) 50
MILIPOL QATAR 2016
51 CREATING A PEACEKEEPING C-IED CAPABILITY THROUGH TRAINING By Robert Shaw, Security and Intelligence consultant 56
EOD/IED & COUNTERMINE SYMPOSIUM 2016
57 EFFECTIVE POST-CONFLICT COUNTER-IED AND EOD TRAINING, SKILLS AND CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT FOR OUR EOD FORCES By Rear Adm. Brian Brakke, Commander, Navy Expeditionary Combat Command/NECC Pacific 61
11TH ANNUAL HOMELAND SECURITY WEEK 2016
62 UNDERWATER EO – RISK, MITIGATION AND LOGISTICS By Richard Battrick MSc MPA Eng FIExpE, Battrick Consultancy Limited 6
COUNTER-IED REPORT, Autumn 2016
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS
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UDT ASIA 2017
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BIDEC – BAHRAIN INTERNATIONAL DEFENCE EXHIBITION & CONFERENCE
71 THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL REGULATIONS ON ISLAMIC STATE BOMB-MAKING CAPABILITIES IN IRAQ By Damien Spleeters, field investigator for Conflict Armament Research 75
NCT CNRNe & EXPLOSIVE ASIA 2016
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ISDEF EXPO 2017
77 ISLAMIC STATE CONCEALING LOOSE POWDER EXPLOSIVES IN VBIEDs By Michael Cardash, Chief Superintendent (Ret.) 88
CBRNe SUMMIT ASIA 2016
89 IEDs - MAOIST INGENUITY CHALLENGE FOR INDIAN POLICE FORCES By Colonel H R Naidu Gade (Retd.) 96
INDO DEFENCE EXPO & FORUM 2016
97 EXERCISE BISON COUNTER 16 By Major Jonas Frohlund, Chief of the Training and Exercise Section, Göta Engineer Regiment in Sweden 103 CALL FOR PAPERS – COUNTER-IED REPORT OBC ENDEAVOR ROBOTICS 8
COUNTER-IED REPORT, Autumn 2016
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FOREWORD
FOREWORD By Rob Hyde-Bales, Consulting Editor, Counter-IED Report
S
ince the publication of the last edition of CounterIED Report, two reports have been published on recent British military operations and resultant consequences. The first was the long awaited report on the findings of the Chilcot Inquiry into the disastrous 2003 Iraq War. These findings were far more detailed than other inquiries into this war and chronicled assiduously the major shortcomings of senior politicians, civil servants and military personnel in the planning for the preparation, conduct and aftermath of the war. Consequences of mistakes made are still very much apparent, firstly in the complexity of IEDs in Iraq and Syria today and also the genesis of the so-called Islamic State - ISIS – both due to the disastrous decision by the Coalition to disband the Iraqi Army in 2003. The more recent inquiry was by the UK Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee into the 2011 air campaign undertaken by the UK and France to overthrow the Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. The committee found that the campaign lacked a coherent strategy. The serious consequences of this action are manifold. The air attacks resulted in Libya becoming a lawless, chaotic and dysfunctional state, as it remains to this day. The attacks resulted in the regime’s ammunition compounds being opened to terrorists and insurgents. The same thing happened after the 2003 Iraq War. In both cases the looted ammunition was used, inter alia, in the production of IEDs. The current political and security vacuum in Libya is also responsible for the huge numbers of illegal migrants flooding across the Mediterranean Sea to Italy. It seems that we are much better at identifying lessons from campaigns than learning from them.
In her article, Lieutenant Colonel Zsuzsanna Balogh of HQ SACT Norfolk, USA describes the prominent roles played by females in IED attacks over the past three decades. Her paper examines the motivations of women to assist in or directly commit these atrocities and also how they may exploit their gender in the process. Of note was the assassination of Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 by a female suicide bomber. As well as voluntary female suicide bombers, she also describes the activities of Boko Haram in Nigeria where young women and girls are coerced into suicide bombing attacks. In his article, Damien Spleeters of Conflict Armament Research - CAR - examines the impact of regional and national regulations on ISIS bomb making capabilities. CAR is a highly proactive organization that operates in hostile areas in Iraq and Syria. The organization has gathered substantial evidence that details the supply chain of ISIS IED making components. Specifically he explores the impacts of two new policies. Firstly is the Turkish ban on the domestic sale of nitrate based fertilizers and secondly the addition of aluminium powder to the EU Regulation covering the marketing and use of explosives precursors. Dr Robert Keeley of the Danish Demining Group in his article - IEDs – a Humanitarian Mine Action Perspective - looks at the growing issues facing the humanitarian sector in the overall area of Counter-IED. He examines the overlap in terminology for the terms IED, booby trap and mine and suggests an IED classification matrix to clarify terminology. He highlights the dilemma faced by NGOs, who are asked by donors to undertake IED Disposal and the inherent impartiality and security implications for those NGOs. counteriedreport.com
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FOREWORD
In his article on airport security, Lieutenant Colonel Jose M Rufas of the C-IED COE examines the security vulnerabilities in airports today in the light of the recent terrorist attacks at airports in Brussels and Istanbul. He quotes the example of the Ben Gurion airport in Tel Aviv
Armed Forces. Different C-IED enablers participated including EOD teams, Weapons Intelligence Teams, a Joint Deployable Exploitation and Analysis Laboratory – JDEAL – with its Joint Deployable Capability, and Military Working Dogs. US JIDA also participated. The
– arguably one of the most secure airports today – and lessons that can be learned. He recommends practical enhancements to improve overall standards in the critically important field of airport security. RADM Brian Brakke, Commander US Navy Expeditionary Combat Command Pacific, provides a detailed and informative article on Effective Post Conflict C-IED and EOD Training, Skills and Capability Development for US Navy EOD forces in the light of the 2000 bombing of USS Cole and the attacks of 9/11. He outlines their Design for Maintaining Maritime Security in response to three main challenges facing the US Navy today – a heavily trafficked and contested maritime environment, an ever growing information environment and the exponential increase in the field of technology. He describes the training for EOD technicians and the importance of ensuring that lessons are learned and not relearned. In their article, Advances in Laser Explosives Detection Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific – Portable Analytical Instruments, describe the challenges of rapidly identifying unknown chemical substances such as the components of HME and associated precursors in the field. Portable spectroscopy, most often Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared – FTIR - are used to conduct these analyses that maybe required by civilian, security, defence and first responder organizations. The article describes three Thermo Fisher Scientific analytical instruments that use either Raman or FTIR spectroscopy or a combination of the two and tests undertaken by US DOD on these instruments. Tests indicated that best results were achieved by the instrument combining both types of spectroscopy. Major Jonas Frohlund of the Swedish Army Engineers describes Exercise Bison Counter 16 that took place in Sweden 15-26 August. It was an ambitious exercise, the aim of which was to provide training on the whole C-IED concept rather than individual components. 22 nations participated and BC 16 was hosted by the Swedish
exercise comprised Enhancement and Integration training followed by a LIVEX during which a multinational C-IED Task Force deployed together with the JDEAL. The overall impression of BC 16 was very positive and that it provided a challenging exercise for all participants. These and other excellent articles comprise this edition of Counter-IED Report. ■
12 COUNTER-IED REPORT, Autumn 2016
Rob Hyde-Bales biography During his career in the UK Royal Engineers, Rob Hyde-Bales was responsible for landmine clearance in Libya and, more latterly, Afghanistan in the running of the first United Nations humanitarian landmine clearance training programme – Operation Salam. The programme trained Afghan male refugees in landmine clearance techniques, and Afghan women and children in mine awareness and avoidance training. More recently he set up the Caribbean Search Centre in Kingston, Jamaica. The Centre is designed to train security forces across the Caribbean in modern search techniques. After retiring from the army he joined Cranfield University at Shrivenham, near Oxford, and undertook a research project on behalf of the UK Ministry of Defence that examined ways to improve the sharing of IED threat information between the military and civilian organisations in hazardous areas.
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CALL FOR PAPERS
COUNTER-IED REPORT WINTER 2016/17 and Spring/Summer 2017 editions Counter-IED Report editorial team would like to invite government bodies, army personnel, researchers, industry experts to contribute their articles, case studies, white papers to the report. We are looking for both theoretical and practice based non-promotional editorial contributions. Winter 2016/17 edition deadlines: Abstract submission: 11 November 2016 Full article submission deadline: 12 December 2016 Spring/Summer 2017 edition deadlines: Abstract submission: 17 February 2017 Full article submission deadline: 31 March 2017 All enquiries and articles should be submitted by email to: editorial@deltabusinessmedia.com *Fees apply for publication of articles submitted by commercial and for-profit organisations. All articles are subject to editor’s approval.
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