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When rubbing the back, the first lubrication motion is followed by a stroking type of effleurage down the spine and out the lateral muscles. From the neck and shoulders down to the buttocks, the muscles are symmetrically massaged with firm pressure and gentle stroking. Kneading motions are typically alternated with the stroking. Finally after a brief percussion, called tapotement, a light effleurage completes the treatment. This most basic type of massage is very helpful to tone a sluggish circulation, relaxing the person for rest or sleep. Contrast Baths As the name implies, a contrast bath consists in the alternate application of hot and cold water to any part of the body. The alternate contraction and dilation of the blood vessels which results, improves the circulation and rapid removal of waste products from the area. By repeated changes this effect is heightened, resulting in a greatly increased blood flow through the area. Oxygen and nutrient elements, necessary for nature’ s healing processes are provided, as well as white blood cells, which help the body defend itself against infection. To begin a contrast bath, secure two containers, large enough to allow the water to cover the extremities. Basins, plastic or metal garbage pails, or a double sink in the kitchen will work fine. Consult a thermometer for proper temperature, since it is important to have the heated water at the correct temperature. The affected limbs are placed in hot water, at 105° to 110° F., for three or four minutes, then immersed in cold tap water or ice water for 30 to 60 seconds. Begin with the hot water and end with the cold water, changing back and forth, from three to six times. After each treatment, the extremity is dried carefully and kept warm. Contrast baths are useful in several conditions. Poor circulation caused by many blood vessel diseases can be improved, although in such situations temperatures above 105° are usually contraindicated. The cold water should be used for only about 30 seconds, and a treatment should be finished in neutral to hot water, instead of cold. Arthritis improves with contrast baths. Begin with temperatures of about 110° F., and change to tap water on a four and one minute cycle. After four to six changes, end with hot water. The treatment should be repeated at least twice daily.