COPD Management NURS 370

Managing

You have been diagnosed with a breathing problem called COPD.

COPD stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

COPD is an illness that makes it difficult to breath and often progresses with time.

Smoking is one of the most common causes of COPD.

COPD obstructs the flow of air in and out of the lungs.

COPD is a general term which includes three common (long term) breathing problems.

ď‚— Emphysema is a breathing problem that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs. Smoking is the most common cause.

ď‚— Chronic Bronchitis is increased cough and phlegm (mucous) production and airway inflammation caused by infections and/or smoking.

Common symptoms of COPD are shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness and “air hunger.”

 Treatment of COPD can help relieve symptoms, decrease the frequency of lung infections and minimize it’s impact.

COPD can not be reversed or cured.

Fortunately COPD can be managed.

 Asthma is an illness which results in airway tightness (bronchospasm). An asthma “attack” can be triggered by dust, dust mites, cigarette smoke, pollution, extreme temperature change, exercise or allergens.

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Prevention of Flare-ups (Exacerbations)

ď‚— If you smoke, quit. ď‚— Avoid irritants like second hand smoke, pollution, dust.

Pulmonary Rehab Some people with COPD may benefit from an individualized program to help build endurance and to learn energy management and activity planning for ADLs (Activities of Daily Living).

Treatment

 Oxygen, oxygen therapy helps to get more oxygen into the blood.

 Breathing exercises can help remove CO2 that is trapped in the damaged lung tissue.

 Bronchodilators - these are medicines that help “open up” the airway allowing oxygen in and CO2 out.

Bronchodilators make breathing easier.

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Steroids - Your doctor may prescribe steroids to help decrease inflammation in your airway.

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Immunizations – The flu and pneumonia vaccine can help prevent a flare-up of COPD. –

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Nutrition and Hydration - Staying properly hydrated helps to make mucous more thin in order to “mobilize secretions” or cough up excess phlegm.

Some people with COPD feel too weak to eat, and when full they may feel it is harder to breath. Small frequent meals are suggested to maintain strength and health.

Remember COPD is a progressive disease that can not be cured. However, it is an illness that can be managed and it’s progression can be slowed down. Ask your doctor about a consult with a Pulmonologist (Lung Doctor) and ask about the right medicines, therapy and other resources such as Respiratory Therapist, Dieticians, Nurses, Physical and Occupational Therapies.

References: Karch A. (2013). Focus on Nursing Pharmacology 6th Edition. Philadelphia, PA. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams and Wilkens.

Kee J., Hayes E., McCuiston L. (2015). Pharmacology a Patient Centered Approach 8th Edition. St. Louis MO. Elsevier Saunders.

Porth C. (2011). Essentials of Pathophysiology 3rd Edition.

Philadelphia, PA. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams and Wilkens.