11-29-2018

UNDER PRESSURE, 2

MONET OR MUSIC, 7

OFFSITE FEES, 8

PERFECTLY BALANCED, 11

BU student organizations aid stressed students during finals season.

A CFA talk examines Claude Debussy’s label of the “impressionist artist.”

The Editorial Board evaluates high bills faced by some urgent care patients.

Women’s hockey sits at 4-4-4 heading into a weekend series against BC.

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2018

THE INDEPENDENT STUDENT NEWSPAPER AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY

YEAR XLVI. VOLUME XCIV. ISSUE XII

First weed shops open for business

BY NATALIE PATRICK

DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

SERENA YU/ DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

The Boston University campus along the Charles River. The U.S. government’s Fourth National Climate Assessment mentioned environmental changes likely to impact the country’s economy, infrastructure and tourism.

BU responds to findings in climate report

BY LAUREN ASHE

DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Environmental advocates at BU are taking action to reduce the school’s environmental impact in response to a National Climate Report released Nov. 23 by the United States Global Change Research Program.

The report, which is the USGCR’s fourth since 2000, describes the current and projected impacts that climate change could have on the United States. The 2018 report predicts detrimental impacts on the economy, infrastructure, tourism, agriculture and air quality, among other areas.

Anthony Janetos, director of the Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future and chair of the Department of Earth and Environment, has worked on all four reports and said that people should take its findings seriously.

“It’s a pretty stark reminder that the U.S. is already experiencing these impacts,” Janetos said.

“They’re serious and warrant a response.”

BU’s Climate Action Plan, which was adopted in Dec. 2017, focuses on decreasing the university’s greenhouse gas emissions and increasing its resilience to environ-

mental changes. Janetos said the plan includes a goal to reduce the university’s net carbon emission to zero by 2040.

In September, BU announced that it had signed an agreement to purchase renewable energy from a wind farm in South Dakota. The purchase will offset all of the university’s emissions from electricity — which is more than half of its total emissions — according to Janetos.

Lisa Tornatore, sustainability director for Sustainability@BU, said that one way the university is responding to climate change is by constructing flood-resistant build-

ings with mechanical and electrical equipment on higher floors to eliminate potential damages in the future.

Both the Rajen Kilachand Center for Integrated Life Sciences and Engineering, which opened in September 2017, and the planned data sciences center to be constructed at the corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Granby Street, follow the “elevation for resilience” recommended in the university’s Climate Action Plan, Tornatore said.

“This means our buildings and our people will be able to recover CONTINUED ON PAGE 4

The first two legal recreational marijuana dispensaries in Massachusetts opened Nov. 20 in Leicester and Northampton, and as of Sunday, had together made more than $2 million in revenue.

The state Cannabis Control Commission reported that a total of 56,380 units from the two shops were purchased in the first five days of business, with an average of 3.4 units per transaction. Customers spent an average of $39.33 on each unit purchased.

Massachusetts voters approved legalizing recreational marijuana for those over the age of 21 in 2016, but the CCC did not vote to approve the first final licenses for marijuana establishments until October of this year.

While recreational marijuana is now legal, more than 80 communities have banned recreational cannabis dispensaries as of July, though 53.6 percent of Massachusetts voters supported legalizing recreational marijuana in 2016. Another 110 communities enacted moratoriums on the opening of dispensaries.

Cultivate, located in Leicester, was one of the first two marijuana dispensaries to open in the state after receiving approval from the CCC. “We are honored to be making history today and want to thank the Town of Leicester and Cannabis Control Commission for their hard work in delivering on what the people of Massachusetts voted for over twoyears ago,” said Sam Barber, CEO and founder of Cultivate, in a press release.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 3

Task Force plans for 2030 City offers aid to homeless community

BY KIRAN GALANI

DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

The Boston University Strategic Planning Task Force has begun work on its strategic plan for the next decade and is holding listening sessions to get the BU community’s thoughts on what should be included.

The task force, led by BU Provost Jean Morrison, was put in place this fall to develop a vision for the university in 2030, BU President Robert Brown wrote in an email. The university implemented its first strategic plan in 2007, he wrote.

“Strategic planning is a complex and comprehensive process that is only undertaken about every decade because of the time needed to implement the vision,” Brown wrote.

The university will use the new plan to help guide decision-making, direction and university priorities in the years leading up to 2030, said Kimberly Howard, a task force member and associate professor in the

Wheelock College of Education and Human Development.

The task force is currently working on gathering input from BU staff, faculty and students by holding numerous “listening sessions” across campus, Howard said.

“We have invited anyone and everyone across the university community to attend these sessions and provide us with their thoughts about where they think the university should be going,” Howard said.

The final listening session will be held on Jan. 30, 2019. Following the sessions, the task force will try to identify major themes and priorities from the community’s vision for BU in 2030, Howard said.

“At that point, our task as a task force will be to take all of that feedback across the various constituents and really sift through it to see what the themes are,” Howard said. “So, in many ways it’s a great, big, qualitative CONTINUED ON PAGE 4

HA NGUYEN/ DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

A man seeks shelter in the Hynes Convention Center MBTA station. The City of Boston is working to provide services and resources to aid people who are homeless this winter.

BY ANDY VO

DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

With winter storms and freezing temperatures approaching, the City of Boston has been working with numerous city agencies, homeless shelters and other community partners to provide resources and ser-

vices to aid the individuals affected by homelessness this winter.

A Nov. 22 tweet from Boston Mayor Martin Walsh’s account urged residents to aid those at risk during periods of inclement weather.

“Extreme cold weather and winter storms can put homeless people,

who may suffer from medical and behavioral health conditions, at risk,” the tweet said. “If you see one of our neighbors in the cold today please call 911.”

In a statement released in 2016, the City announced that the Department of Neighborhood Development, the Boston Public Health Commission’s Homeless Services and the Mayor’s Office of Recovery Services are coordinating efforts with a goal to ensure the safety of people who are homeless.

The City said these groups would work together on emergency shelters, outreach providers, substance abuse services and other community or municipal partner agencies.

BPHC stated that winter storms and extreme cold weather pose dangers to individuals who are homeless and suffer from medical or behavioral health problems.

In an October Executive CONTINUED ON PAGE 2

2 NEWS

BU groups tackle end-of-semester student stress

CAMPUS Crime Logs

BY ALEX LASALVIA

DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

The following reports were taken from the Boston University Police Department crime logs from Nov. 24–28.

Alarm at 53 Bay State Road A motion detector tripped a break-and-enter alarm at 11:55 p.m.

Tuesday. Officers did a full sweep of the building and determined that it was all clear.

Suspicious package at Rich Hall

ILLUSTRATION BY MAE DAVIS/ DFP FILE

As the end of the semester approaches, Boston University student organizations are looking for ways to help students better cope with their academic stresses.

BY JENNIFER SURYADJAJA DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

As the end of the fall semester approaches, Boston University student organizations are working to develop new plans and activities to help students cope with the stresses surrounding the increase in assignments and exams.

BU Student Government, for example, will hold R and R — short for rest and recreation — sessions Dec. 14 and 15. SG press secretary Sydney Gullett wrote in an email that the sessions give students an opportunity to take a break from studying during finals week.

“The purpose of R and R is to give students a space to relax and re-engage during finals season,” Gullet wrote. “It is important for students because it will allow students to destress and hopefully revitalize their study efforts.”

Howard Thurman Center Director Katherine Kennedy said that although the HTC does not have any additional programs scheduled during finals, the center will be placing additional emphasis on the programs it already offers.

Kennedy said the HTC offers regular programs such as a weekly tea times, book clubs and opportunities for students to engage with open discussion with one another.

“Our daily intention is to help students de-stress, and all of our programs are designed to complement their academic lives,” Kennedy said.

Kennedy said she hopes the students who come to the HTC leave having learned how to better handle their feelings and fears.

In addition to the HTC, BU offers year-round support services for students, such as academic advisers and tutors. BU spokesperson Colin Riley said students should take advantage of these resources in order to feel less stressed and more prepared for their assignments and finals.

“Make sure that from here to the end of the semester that you have been able to receive all the types of support to help you complete your semester as strong as you like,” Riley said. “If students have been somewhat conscious all semester, hopefully they won’t be under extreme stress.”

Riley said it is the university’s “daily intention” to help students manage and cope with stress, not just an end-of-the-year goal.

“We put extra emphasis on [weekly programs] near the end of the semester in preparation to help [students] through any anxieties they may be feeling,” Riley said. “We feel all of our programs are there to help students on a daily basis and deal with the demands of the academic life.”

BU students said they feel more stressed out toward the end of the semester, though they do not plan to attend the stress management events.

Olenka Tytla, a junior in the College of Arts and Sciences and Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, said that she usually manages her workload on her own instead of participating in de-stress activities on campus.

“I’ve never really participated in the stress-buster activities,” Tytla said. “It always conf licts with the work that I have to do anyways, so I sort of skip that to do work on my own routine.”

College of General Studies

sophomore Evelyn Perez said she thought de-stressing programs would work better if they were centered around specific issues.

“I do think having [them] geared towards more specific demographics helps students more because they find people who relate to them,” Perez said.

Nicholas Rodelo, a sophomore in CAS, said that he often feels stressed out toward the end of the semester as deadlines and finals are approaching.

“I feel like I reach a burnout point every year,” Rodelo said. “I feel for the first three-quarters I’m fine or I’m starting to get a bit stressed, and towards the end of the year, you have to grind for the rest.”

B e sid e s C of f e e a nd Conversation, a weekly current events discussion run by the HTC, Rodelo said he wasn’t aware of any other stress management programs put on by the center.

“I honestly don’t know how much you can do with programs like that,” he said. “I feel like a lot of it is personal management in my own opinion — I just put too much on myself.”

Boston offers homeless individuals winter resources HOMELESS, FROM PAGE 1 Summary report, titled “Coastal Resilience Solutions for South Boston,” Walsh acknowledged the broader impact of climate change beyond the environment and atmosphere in regard to the toll it can take on communities.

“Boston is proving that climate resilience doesn’t just protect us from storms and rising tides - it also enhances our neighborhoods and improves quality of life all year round,” Walsh said in a letter in the report. “… In 2018, we all felt the effects of climate change in our neighborhoods. We saw stronger rains and higher flooding along our waterfront during three big winter storms.”

The City is continuing last year’s collaboration with the Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development and the Massachusetts Executive Office of Health and

Human Services to make a shelter bed accessible to every person in need of one this winter.

BPHC lists key public health and public safety partners as the Emergency Shelter Commission, Boston Emergency Medical Services, Boston Homeless Services, Boston Police Department, Boston Park Rangers, Boston Health Care for the Homeless, Bridge Over Troubled Waters, DMH Homeless Outreach Team, MBTA Police, Pine Street Inn, New England Center and Home for Veterans, Rosie’s Place and FamilyAid Boston.

Michele Chausse, director of communications at Rosie’s Place, a shelter for homeless women, said the organization has been expanding the breadth of their aid.

“Our job is to provide a safe place and opportunity for our guests,” Chausse said. “We serve thousands of women a year who look for a wide range of services, and our services

continue to expand.”

Chausse also spoke of the efforts at Rosie’s Place to make the shelter a more accessible resource for women in Boston, as well as one that avoids special interests.

“We are out in the community reaching the same kind of women we see who possibly can’t make it to where we are located, so we have outreach in Boston Public Schools, in local courthouses and also at a housing development,” Chausse said. “We receive no government money, so we really can listen to the women we serve.”

Barbara Trevisan, vice president of marketing and communications at Pine Street Inn, a New England organization that provides housing and other services to people who are homeless, wrote in an email that outreach teams are sent out to canvass the city and urge homeless people to come inside.

“They bring blankets, hot food

and warm clothing to those who choose to stay outside. Our goal is to move people off the streets, out of shelter and into permanent housing where they can be become stable,” Trevisan wrote in an email.

Nicole Berry, 39, of West Roxbury, said she thinks one way the city could help people who are homeless cope with the cold weather is by putting out free jackets or backpacks in public for those who need them.

“The homeless are people, too,” Berry said. “We should help our fellow man.”

Amy Brown, 39, of West Roxbury, said she supports the city’s efforts to help individuals who are homeless during the winter.

“I like what the City does, because I don’t think people should be in the streets because of the cold,” Brown said.

Ayodele Abinusawa contributed to the reporting of this article.

A suspicious package was reported at 9:38 p.m. Tuesday. It was determined to be garbage that had just been disposed of.

Pedestrian struck in South Campus A pedestrian was hit by a car at 7 p.m. Monday at the intersection of Arundel Street and Beacon Street.

Boston Police responded to the scene.

Fire alarm at Warren Towers The fire alarm in Warren Towers was activated at 5:36 p.m. Tuesday.

The original alarm was caused by steam, and an additional activation was caused by a malicious pull of the alarm.

CITY

Crime Logs

BY JULIA SULLIVAN

DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

The following reports were taken from the Boston Police Department crime logs from Nov. 23–26.

Police respond to potential burglary At 1:30 a.m. Monday, a person awoke in the night to the sound of the front door opening and saw an intruder. The intruder then quickly exited the apartment. No valuables were taken.

Victim threatened with social media blackmail A person was ordered to pay $1,000 by the suspect under the threat of posting incriminating photos on social media at approximately 2:00 a.m Nov. 23. The victim sent the suspect $350, though the suspect later demanded an additional $250.

Cocaine, assault and weapon arrest Two suspects were arrested for various assault and weapons charges at approximately 12:24 a.m. Sunday.

When searched, one suspect was found to be in possession of what appeared to be crack cocaine.

NEWS 3

Boston partners with Verizon to expand technological capacity

BY KYLIE MCDANELD

DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Boston Mayor Martin Walsh announced a new partnership with Verizon on Nov. 20. The alliance will make Boston one of the most technologically advanced cities in the United States, according to a press release from Walsh’s office.

The partnership is an expansion of Verizon’s 2016 commitment to bring its fiber-optic Fios network to Boston, according to the release.

Under the new 10-year wireless agreement, Verizon will expand its wireless small cell network in Boston to make its existing 4G LTE network more efficient in terms of speed and capacity.

David Weissmann, public relations manager for Verizon, said the company is very excited to further their relationship with Boston.

“This is really just an extension and a growing of that existing relationship that has been beneficial to both the city and Verizon,” Weissmann said.

Verizon plans to expand relationships with universities in the Boston area to attract young talent, according to a press release from the company.

“Boston [University] and the other universities in Cambridge and the surrounding areas are giving us high-quality employees who are designing our network and creating an opportunity for us,” Weismann said.

Verizon also made an original $300 million investment to build a 100 percent fiber-optic network platform across the city. With the expansion of Verizon’s wireless cellular network, their total investment nears $600 million.

The City of Boston will implement a streamlined permit process for Verizon for installing new small cells. The City’s press release stated the partnership is a reflec-

tion of the City’s commitment to enabling a more competitive broadband marketplace to ensure that Boston residents and businesses can choose from a more varied and affordable range of high-speed internet options.

Other efforts by Walsh’s office regarding technology include continuing to protect net neutrality, supporting Boston’s Digital Equity Fund and expanding WiFi hotspots to be accessible outside through the Wicked Free Wi-Fi initiative.

Boston’s Digital Equity Fund, which was launched last year, dedicates $35,000 to grants for nonprofit organizations that promote the City’s goal of ensuring that all residents have equal access to innovative digital services.

“Our partnership with Verizon reflects one goal: to make sure all

of Boston’s residents have access to the most advanced digital technology both now, and in the future,” Walsh said in the City’s release.

“We’re making sure Boston is the best digital city in the nation, and through partnerships with companies like Verizon, residents will have better, more affordable options, as we work together to create inclusive growth for our city.”

Verizon will contribute an additional $1 million to the Boston Digital Equity Fund over eight years to help support these community-based organizations that provide residents with affordable broadband access.

Verizon also announced its plans to do a long-term lease in The Hub on Causeway, which will include 16 floors and more than 450,000 square feet, with five floors solely reserved for incuba-

tors, accelerators and partners of the company.

The company plans to expand their local wireless network and to provide remaining neighborhoods in the city with access to Fios Internet and TV, according to the Verizon release.

Kyle Malady, chief technology officer at Verizon, said the City of Boston has been a great partner to Verizon in building the digital capacity of the city.

“Together we’re creating a platform of innovation with the latest technology that will benefit Boston residents, businesses, universities, first responders and visitors for decades to come,” Malady said in the Verizon release.

Carol Wirtz, 29, of Brighton, said she was excited to have more technological choices.

“I think it’s about time,” Wirtz

said. “There’s really not that much out there for sources. There’s Comcast, there’s RCN, there’s Verizon Fios, but that’s been a little bit behind compared to all the rest for high speed price.”

Frank Garro, 56, of Back Bay, said he was excited for the prospect of the government having a stake in technological infrastructure.

“I think that infrastructure like that should be socialized,” Garro said. “It should be run by the government. I think it’s a good thing.”

Angela Borzell, 30, of Brookline, said she felt unsure about the fast developing pace of new technology in Boston. “[Boston] is a city full of universities and the best in the world, and people from all over the world come here, and I think it should be at the top of the line when it comes to internet,” Borzell said.

SOFIA KOYAMA/ DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Boston Mayor Martin Walsh and Verizon announced a new partnership to make Boston a more technologically advanced city. Verizon is expanding its network speeds, Fios internet and cable television in the city.

Recreational marijuana stores open for business in Massachusetts MARIJUANA, FROM PAGE 1 Before approving licenses for cannabis shops, the CCC did background checks on businesses.

According to the CCC, the businesses must follow their mandatory seed-to-sale tracking system.

“We are so excited to finally have the the public try the products we’ve obsessed over for the

past year. At the same time, we will be educating them about safe storage, use and, of course, the regulations,” Barber said in the release.

Cultivate said in the release they plan to create more jobs next year and currently have 35 people working for the business full-time.

Ross Hurlock, 23 , of

Watertown, said he thinks the marijuana industry will benefit large businesses.

“I mean, there are going to be some local Massachusetts residents who are going to do quite well, but I suspect that it’ll be the big players who will do well,” Hurlock said.

Maurice Palmer, 24, of Jamaica

FELIX PHILLIPS/ DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Massachusetts’ first two marijuana dispensaries opened Nov. 20. As of Sunday, together they have made over $2 million in revenue.

Plain, said he thinks that people of different generations will have various reactions to marijuana use.

In particular, he said, young people will be more accepting toward use of the substance.

“I feel like millennials and the younger generation — they don’t really care that much, it’s just kind of like, ‘Do your own thing,’” he said.

Seth Blumenthal, a lecturer in Boston University’s College of Arts and Sciences, taught a writing course on marijuana in American history and said many suburban areas have a “not in my backyard,” or NIMBY, mentality toward the drug. He said people in these areas have made efforts to ban the establishment of marijuana retailers in their towns.

“It is a classic example of NIMBYism because in 2016, 55 percent of residents in Massachusetts voted in favor of legalizing recreational marijuana,” Blumenthal said.

Blumenthal spoke to the Newton City Council as an expert on behalf of marijuana dispensaries. He said he was brought in after a group of residents, who called themselves “opt-out” advo-

cates, moved to ban dispensaries in the city.

Blumenthal said he thinks the movement to ban marijuana shops in individual towns is ironic in a state where marijuana is legal.

“The idea that these people in these towns will be buying and consuming marijuana in large quantities, but that it’s not OK to have pot shops in their own towns, I think perpetuates this sort of embarrassing tradition,” Blumenthal said.

Jon Ericksen, 25, of Brighton, said he thinks new marijuana businesses will be beneficial for the finances of the state, as the criminal justice system will no longer spend as much money on prosecuting marijuana-related crimes and marijuana purchases will add to the economy.

“While it’s criminalized, you’re just creating a hassle for the criminal justice system, having to arrest those people,” Ericksen said. “But making it legal, you can just flip that and make the money go towards the state.”

Joel Lau, Chloe Jepsen, and Shayna Scott contributed to the reporting of this story.

4 NEWS

RACHEL SHARPLES/ DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Boston University students walk down Commonwealth Avenue. The BU Strategic Planning Task Force is developing a vision for the university in the year 2030.

BU task force begins strategic planning for next decade TASK FORCE, FROM PAGE 1

project that we will be engaged in once we are finished with the data gathering process.”

BU students had several suggestions for changes that could be implemented as part of the new strategic plan.

Pedro Henrique Junqueira, a freshman in the College of Arts and Sciences, said he appreciates the task force’s willingness to take community suggestions.

“I think BU should give more scholarships to internationa l

programs,” Junqueira said. “I think they should renovate at least Warren, and I think they should improve the BU shuttle program and make it more regular.”

College of Communication junior Hannah Schweitzer said that the most important change she wants to see is the availability of feminine hygiene products in bathrooms on campus.

“My No. 1 thing, and I know that this won’t be that hard to achieve, is that all the bathrooms

don’t have tampons or feminine hygiene supplies,” Schweitzer said. “It just seems crazy to me that you can build a whole new building, but you can’t provide tampons in bathrooms.”

Erin Nev il le, a graduate st udent in Sa rgent Col lege of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, said that she feels her college does not receive enough funding.

“It’s one of the best colleges in the countr y for healthcare, and there’s no money that’s ever

put into it,” Neville said. “The school [building ] is pathetic compared to Questrom, so if there’s one thing that should be changed, it’s that.”

Howard, who is a member of the task force, said that while it is too early to tell what the focus of the next strategic plan will be, a large majority of the suggestions so far have focused on BU’s teaching, research, service and outreach missions.

Daniel Dahlstrom, another member of t he Strateg ic

Planning Task Force and a philosophy professor in CAS, said the diversity of both the voices on the panel and the voices being heard by the panel have resulted in interesting discussions.

“The world is changing, so a university has to have aspirations that don’t leave it behind,” Dahlstrom said. “On the other hand, there are certain traditional things that the university has done, and it would be a pity to lose that through the desire to keep up with the times.”

University prepares for projected climate change impacts REPORT, FROM PAGE 1

more quickly from a flooding event,” Tornatore said.

For the United States as a whole, Janetos said that the country’s economy is expected to lose hundreds of billions of dollars due to greenhouse gas emissions by the end of the century.

“If there is no response in terms of adaptation and emissions continue as they are, the U.S. could end up seeing a loss in economic productivities that is 5 to 10 percent

of our annual GDP,” Janetos said.

“That’s certainly big enough that it shouldn’t be ignored.”

According to Janetos, some of these damages are already in effect. The government report says the United States will experience “more frequent and intense extreme weather and climate-related events” in the coming years as a result of changes in average climate conditions.

These effects can also be seen in Boston, Janetos said, refer-

ring to a nor’easter in March that caused flooding in the city and other coastal communities in Massachusetts.

Above all, Janetos said, students should understand the urgency of climate change.

“This is not an issue that is just for our children, grandchildren and far off generations in the future,” he said. “We are seeing these impacts right now. These impacts are happening faster, more frequently and at greater magnitude than we had

imagined when we first started off.”

BU students said that it is necessary to take action to improve the current, and predicted, state of the environment.

Dev Mehrotra, a junior in the College of Engineering, said he thought the issue of climate change deserves more attention.

“I think this is something that needs to get looked into more because it is a very real problem,” Mehrotra said. “I think the issue is some people may not really see

the direct effects, but they are still there.”

Zoe Dewitt, a College of Communication sophomore, said that she hopes the report will encourage people to take sustainability more seriously in the future.

“We already see things like the California wildfires, hurricanes and the fact that it hasn’t really snowed here in Boston,” DeWitt said. “It’s scary. It’s just going to get worse.

We really do need to do something to stop it.”

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SCIENCE

FEATURES 5

Students’ on-campus lifestyles put them at greater risk for flu

BY ROSHINI KOTWANI DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Whether it’s sleeping, studying or eating, college students are constantly in close contact with one another. While this proximity allows social interactions to grow, it simultaneously catalyzes the spread of viruses.

Carlos Acuña-Villaorduña, an infectious disease specialist and assistant professor of Medicine at Boston University, said key causes of this trend are young people’s high amounts of social contact and activity.

According to AcuñaVillaorduña, the influenza virus colonizes in the respiratory tract through respiratory droplets, which can be produced by either coughing or sneezing. These droplets then congregate on surfaces open to a number of people, including tables, computers or the floor. “[College students] are always mixed together, which is not a bad thing, but this allows them to get the virus more easily,” AcuñaVillaorduña said. “The other reason is that students are young healthy

people. If elderly people get sick, they isolate themselves, but young people keep working and fueling the virus’ transmission.”

Joshua Barocas, who is also an infectious disease specialist and assistant professor of Medicine at Boston University, said the virus can be spread additionally through inhaling when an infected nearby person talks.

Even touching objects that a person with the flu comes in contact with, such as a doorknob, puts someone at risk for contamination, according to Barocas.

Aside from uncontrollable factors such as close proximity and lack of individual space, Barocas said college students can control how they react within the first 48 hours after exposure. These two days help determine the extent of viral contraction.

“The things to think about are the first 48 hours,” Barocas said. “As soon as symptoms come on, be them fevers, [gastrointestinal] upsets or infection, as soon as you start feeling these symptoms, the best thing to do is to create a six foot parameter

you should maintain with people.”

It is not uncommon for students to ignore these symptoms and continue to remain within the vicinity of others, Barocas said. Potential motivation for such behavior may stem from group projects or penalties for absences from class or exams.

“I don’t think college students necessarily have bad habits,” he said.

“Everyone is just within six feet of each other, whether it’s in the dorm, cafeteria or campus.”

For these reasons, both AcuñaVillaorduña and Baracos highlighted the importance of vaccinations.

“Though [a vaccine] is not 100 percent effective, it decreases the severity,” Barocas said. “Every year we hear people complain that they got the flu shot and still have the flu.

They would be a lot more sick had they not gotten the shot.”

According to an October 2017 survey by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, though 70 percent of US college students believe it is important to get a flu shot, only 46 percent actually do.

Acuña-Villaorduña said that another effective method for reduc-

ing the transfusion of viruses on college campuses is to hold individuals accountable for hygienic etiquette.

Cassie Berta, a sophomore in College of Arts and Sciences, said she has observed inconsiderate sanitary behavior from others on campus.

“Sometimes, I’ll see people eat, cough or sneeze on a napkin and then leave it wherever they are,” Berta said. “They don’t throw it away or pick it up.”

Acuña-Villaorduña said it is vital that students recognize how their actions, when they are sick, may affect others.

“Part of recognition is cough etiquette. If you need to cough, you need to avoid coughing over surfaces,” he said. “Handwashing is important. Remember that the flu can deposit on surfaces.”

Berta said she believed a greater emphasis on flu education would help students avoid it.

“I think there is general health consciousness, but kids don’t seem to be too concerned with it until they actually get sick,” Berta said.

The Centers for Disease Control

and Prevention encourages students and educators to wash their hands, cover coughs and get vaccinations to effectively slow the spread of viruses.

However, Acuña-Villaorduña said the elimination of the flu all together proves to be more complex.

“The problem with the flu is that every year, it changes,” AcuñaVillaorduña said. “Normally, once we get the flu, our body produces antibodies. Every year, after the virus changes, your body can no longer protect you.”

According to AcuñaVillaorduña, viruses and bacteria are rapidly evolving species. Predictions are difficult to make and, thus, effective preventative methods cannot be prepared beforehand.

According to Barocas, health advocates and classes should constantly inform students of preventive information, even when they are healthy, rather than wait until students get sick.

“Once college students learn how to interact in the real world, I think there is potential for decreased infectivity with precautions,” he said.

Painting workshop helps BU community practice wellness

BY AMELIA MURRAY-COOPER DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Paintbrushes glided across canvases leaving behind trails of color in a workshop Tuesday at the Boston University School of Public Health. Students and faculty members were invited to relieve stress and express emotion through art.

Express, Heal, and Triumph, an SPH student organization founded in April, hosted the workshop, called “From Authenticity to Healing.”

According to Bhumi Vinay Patel, founder and president of EHT, the program consists of three theme-based activities that explore different modes of expression.

“My motive behind this program was to create a space on campus where people could comfortably come in and express themselves,” Patel said. “Through this program, we are providing opportunities to share life stories through different communication media.”

Patel said that as an international student from India, she initially created EHT to support other students dealing with culture shock and homesickness.

However, people of all backgrounds are welcome to participate in the workshops, Patel said.

“I started this because I wanted to help people with their health and help them cope with depression if they were living away from home,” she said.

“It’s an informal place where they do not need to come in as professionals.”

According to Patel, her vision for EHT was made possible with the help of Annliz Macharia, EHT’s communications coordi-

nator, Rory Moore, EHT’s social media coordinator, and Brenda A much i, EHT ’s workshop coordinator.

The first event of the series, “From Resiliency to Expression,” was held in October and led

by Scarlet Soriano, a doctor at Boston Medica l Center.

According to Patel, attendees wrote letters to themselves about the challenges they overcame in life.

A month later, she said the letters were sent back to the writers to remind them of their resilience.

Moisès Fernández Via, founding director of Arts/Lab @Med Campus, instructed the “From Authenticit y to Expression” workshop.

According to Via, Arts/Lab was created six years ago as an experimental space for students in the College of Fine Arts to work on theater, music and visual arts projects in partnership with the BU Medical Campus.

“Our mission is to invite new generations of healthcare providers and artists to jointly reimagine the role of arts in society’s well being,” Via said in an interview.

Tuesday’s event invited participants to connect with their inner emotions through painting.

According to Via, artistic activities enrich the healing process by adding a level of humanity to healthcare.

“Patients lose a sense of their dignity by just being seen and understood as their health condition,” Via said. “Arts in the context of healthcare can bring people to reconnect and re-experience their own sense of worthiness and health that is present despite the condition they are

SOFIA KOYAMA/ DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Moisès Fernández relates art to healthcare as instructor of the workshop “From Authenticity to Expression” held Tuesday at the School of Public Health. Fernández works as the Arts/Lab program’s founding director at BU Medical Campus.

facing.”

Via said that he was interested in speaking at the workshop because its themes aligned with his personal views.

“Authenticity is a certain . bravery to relax in who you are,” he said. “Healing is not outsourced and does not take place somewhere else but is a real, truly personal process. Authenticity makes complete sense here, as it is the key that unlocks this process.”

According to Via, if patients are determined to recover, then their attitudes can play a positive role in the healing process. He said medical treatment is essen-

tial, but recovery also requires inner motivation.

“The point of art is not only expression, not only bringing out, but also connecting in and leaning into what is going on with you,” he said.

Shana Kilcawley, a freshman in the Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, said that artistic expression can encourage useful skills.

“I had a program at my high school where we taught middle school girls how to dance and do math,” Kilcawley said. “That showed me that dance and other forms of art can be really helpful and therapeutic for people.”

The final portion of the EHT series, “From Determination to Triumph,” will be led by Ivy Watts, a project specialist at Partners HealthCare and an SPH alumnus, and will focus on storytelling skills.

Patel sa id “ Fr o m Determination to Triumph” will build upon themes explored in previous workshops to help students overcome hesitancy and uncertainty.

“Not everyone can express so easily,” Patel said. “Some people find it very difficult. We want them to take away the confidence to express themselves and be themselves.”

6

FEATURES

COMMUNITY

BU graduate makes global impact with The Amal Alliance

LEXI PLINE/ DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Danielle De La Fuente speaks at the “Plight of Refugees” event in the Pardee School of Global Studies. La Fuente discussed her work as the founder and director of The Amal Alliance, a nonprofit organization.

BY MICHELLE BRANDABUR DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

For Boston University alumna Danielle De La Fuente, helping displaced children in refugee camps around the world seemed to be the best use of her degree from Boston University’s Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies.

In 2017, La Fuente founded The Amal Alliance, a non-governmental organization “dedicated to empowering displaced children through social development programs at refugee camps and informal settlements around the globe,” according to the organization’s website.

La Fuente discussed her role in the NGO at “Plight of Refugees: Social Inclusion in a Migration Context,” which was hosted at

Pardee.

She said her time in Greece, where she first saw the lifelessness and despair among children in refugee camps, inspired her to create The Amal Alliance.

“Moving past extreme poverty were the eyes of the children,” La Fuente said in the talk. “These children had nothing to live for. That is a reality I choose not to accept, and I decided to do something about it.”

After this experience, La Fuente said she found few organizations working to improve the lives of children in refugees camps. Seeing this, she decided to focus The Amal Alliance on helping displaced and refugee children “by turning on the inner light and dissolving the darkness that surrounds them.”

The Amal Alliance gets its

name “Amal” from the Arabic word for hope and the Malaysian word for charity, while “Alliance” represents the organization’s efforts to empower and bring people together, La Fuente said in an interview.

Since 2017, La Fuente said she has expanded the reach of the nonprofit to work with children in the United States, Greece and Lebanon with projects in Kenya, Mexico, Uganda and Turkey on the horizon.

She said The Amal Alliance takes on a holistic approach to education and helps provide a sense of normalcy to childhood.

La Fuente discussed several of the programs the Amal Alliance offers, including Smile 4 Happiness, which is involves recreational activities, athletics, mind-

fulness and creativity. The alliance also created Reading 4 All, which offers informal educational programs for children that help them learn to read and that are considerate of language barriers.

All of the programs emphasize developing motor and cognitive skills as part of the children’s’ education, La Fuente said.

“Movement is the foundation for all learning,” she said in the talk.

“We use yoga, dance, arts and crafts to relax the nervous system to make learning fun and approachable. The idea is to restore their identity that they have lost. Mindfulness and play counter the effects of stress.”

La Fuente told the story of a woman she worked with in a teacher training who had been abducted by the Islamic State.

LEXI PLINE/ DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

A book of stories written by student writers is read at the “Plight of Refugees” talk held in the Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University. The talk addressed social inclusion in the context of migration.

The Amal Alliance founder said yoga was an unsettling practice for the woman, but after a few days of training, she spoke to La Fuente about her breakthrough.

La Fuente recounted that the woman said, “For the past three years, my children and I have had nightmares for every night, but for the past two nights since working with you, no nightmares.”

Noora Lori, assistant professor of international relations in Pardee, said the refugee crisis is creating a population “that is completely disenfranchised.”

“Human migration is as old as human beings themselves,” she said. “We have made this crisis.

This is a manmade crisis. The real injustice is the fact that even after people have moved, we don’t let them register their kids or let them work.”

Lori also discussed how students can get involved in helping end the refugee crisis in Boston.

“There are immigrant communities in Boston that need support,” she said. “Fighting discrimination at every level is really important.

Don’t call other humans illegal.

Only acts can be illegal.”

Avisha Goyal, a junior in Pardee, attended the talk and said she was drawn to it because she wanted to expand her knowledge on the topic.

“I am taking a class on refugee politics and was interested in learning more,” she said.

Goyal said that as an international relations major, she is interested in non-governmental organizations and politics. After hearing La Fuente speak at the event, Goyal said she was looking to get involved with The Amal Alliance herself.

“I am going to fill out an application shortly,” she said.

FEATURES 7

BUSINESS

Terriers InBiz: ENG seniors launch online commerce startup Verto

BY MARTHA MERROW DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Pablo Ferreyra is a Boston University engineering student, Hackathon winner and now CEO of startup Verto. The brainchild of Ferreya and co-founder Soon Hong, Verto is an e-commerce marketplace that brands itself as an improved and collegiate version of Craigslist.

Verto is an online space made exclusively for college students to safely buy and sell goods, according to its website.

Ferreyra, a senior in the College of Engineering, has been leading a growing team of BU students and professionals since the startup’s creation in June. He said Verto, which means, “exchange,” in Latin, seeks to make e-commerce safer, easier and more affordable for college students.

Verto launched on Sept. 13, and Ferreyra said that since sales opened up on Oct. 8, the startup has gained more than 700 users and amassed over 300 sales.

Verto launched its second release Wednesday to “fix bugs and glitches,” according to the CEO. In Januar y 2019, Verto will expand to eight more colleges and universities in the Boston area, including Boston College, Wentworth Institute of Technology and Tufts University, Ferreyra said.

Hong is also a senior in the College of Engineering, and in addition to co-founding Verto, he serves as Verto’s chief technology officer. The co-founders met while working on a series of hackathons together across Boston, Ferreyra said.

The pair participated in

PHOTO COURTESY OF VERTO

Pablo Ferreyra, the co-founder of Verto, works together with other students in Boston University’s BUild Lab.

BostonHacks Fall 2017 — placing second place in their category — and the fall 2017 Wellesley College hackathon, together. According to Ferreyra, they decided to invest their collected prize money in funding their next joint project.

“Our success really gave us the confidence that we could build scalable technology that people could use and enjoy,” he said.

Ferreyra said Verto was in part inspired by Hong when he witnessed “Allston Christmas,” the annual end-of-the-summer move-in period in Allston when student tenants attempt to get rid of their unwanted belongings in the streets.

In surveying the chaos, Ferreyra and Hong said they wondered if there was a better way to meet the needs of college students.

“Verto was born to solve issues of college students having to encounter awkward, stressful and unsafe situations when buying and selling pre-owned goods,” Hong said.

That summer, Ferreyra and Hong surveyed more than 300 BU students around campus, researching what students liked and didn’t like about e-commerce companies such as Poshmark, letgo and Craigslist, Ferreyra said.

He said the team discovered a few repetitive narratives. Students often felt that the sale wasn’t worth the delivery or hassle, and for female students especially, it felt unsafe to meet up with a stranger to complete a transaction.

According to the CEO, only students with a verified .edu email address can use Verto, and by part-

nering with Postmates, a courier company, the app can have the seller’s product delivered to the buyer for them. To keep users’ financial information safe, Verto uses Stripe, a third-party payment platform, to handle card information.

Verto is free to use, and doesn’t take a commission fee from sellers, according to their website.

Ferreyra said surviving in the e-commerce marketplace will be difficult, but he believes that Verto has an edge by catering to an underserved college niche. He said he hopes to scale his startup within the Greater Boston community and, eventually sell the technology to Amazon or another leading company.

Ferreyra said the hardest part of starting an e-commerce platform is that no one wants to list

their products if there are no buyers.

“The buyers don’t come to the site if there’s no products there, so it’s becomes a real chicken or the egg situation,” he added.

To better understand the marketplace, Ferreyra said he has been taking master’s courses in cybersecurity and computer networking in addition to working 40 to 60 hours a week on the e-commerce site.

“The College of Engineering teaches a lot of the ground work, but not much of the cutting-edge technology that we needed to understand for Verto,” Ferreyra said.

Christina Song, a senior in the College of Communication, is Verto’s marketing manager. For the past few months, Song has been working to broker partnerships with brands to sponsor the startup and sell their items on Verto, she said.

“We want students all over the world to discover the convenience Verto brings to their lives as we continue to prioritize students’ safety, time and comfort with constant development,” Song said.

Ferreyra said that heading a startup as undergraduates has been fulfilling, especially as the team has watched Verto go from a pilot platform used mostly by friends and families to one used by hundreds to make real sales.

“Sometimes, the College of Engineering makes you feel like you’re not that good of an engineer, especially when the exam averages in most classes are in the 40s and 50s,” Ferreyra said. “But being able to actually build a team and product, and then use it solve a real world problem, it’s really cool.”

ARTS

CFA lecture explores mislabels, misnomers of Impressionist artists

BY CANDICE LIM

DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Music and Impressionist art collided Monday night in the College of Fine Arts, as a lecture delved into the mislabels and misnomers of French composer Claude Debussy.

Pierre Nicolas Colombat, a doctorate of musical arts candidate in CFA, presented “Music, Monet, and Misnomers” and took to the podium to give a lecture on Debussy’s controversial status as a member of the Impressionist movement.

Colombat, who first began playing piano at age five, said he found a deeply rooted connection to Debussy’s artistry. As the son of a French father and American mother who both teach French, the language was an integral part of his upbringing as a child and a musician.

“I can really feel when I play his music that he was looking for something beautiful — that he, Debussy, thought was beautiful — not what French society would think was beautiful,” Colombat said in an

interview.

Colombat said in the lecture that Debussy was both the definition and antithesis of French culture at the artist’s time. It was Debussy’s ability to blend genres while creating an intrinsically French soundscape, Columbat said, that made him “one of the most significant French composers in the history of French composers.”

“Debussy is one of the leading figures at a time when the cross between the arts was increasing more and more,” Colombat said.

“And now the door is blown wide open, so anything is anything.”

The crux of Colombat’s presentation marked the distinction between Impressionist painters and the musicians who lived during the Impressionist era.

Gila Goldstein, chair of CFA’s Piano Department, said she hoped the lecture would encourage students to explore the implications of calling a musician an impressionist.

“It’s food for thought,” Goldstein said. “The musicians who

wrote at the time were titled by the same name, but it’s actually a topic for discussion, because Debussy himself resented that name.”

Goldstein, who organized the lecture, said she found Colombat’s presentation helpful in defining the Impressionist movement itself.

“Impressionism is very crazy.

There’s no defined lines — it’s all about color and different shapes of colors,” Goldstein said. “It’s not just about describing a specific object, but it’s more about … what does it evoke, and what does it make you feel?”

In between his PowerPoint slides, Colombat took to the grand Steinway piano behind him. As he played the first notes of Debussy’s “Nocturne No. 5 in B Flat Major,” Owen Dodds, a first-year graduate student in CFA, nodded along to the performance.

Dodds, who said he was a big fan of the lecture, said that Debussy had an affinity for adding layers of “light” to his music.

“I like what he said about the

different sources of light coming from different angles,” Dodds said.

“This is a C minor chord, and then all of a sudden you have an F major underneath it, which shines a new light, and a window opens, and a new light comes in, which I thought was interesting.”

Goldstein said she sees this light in Debussy’s series of preludes through his decision to wait to title his pieces until the very last page. “[Debussy] wanted people to expand on their imagination and not necessarily … imagine what he had in mind,” Goldstein said.

“He wrote the title at the end of the piece. He wanted the music to evoke some different opinions, different feelings.”

As a musician and performer, Colombat said he feels a strong sense of desire from Debussy’s pieces.

“I am inspired by this combination of intense inner human desire and searching for something and also extreme detail in his com-

position,” Colombat said. “That’s something that you find in few composers — this extreme desire to search for something new.”

Despite scholarly comparisons between Debussy’s music and Monet’s paintings, Colombat said the key to avoiding mislabeling a musician’s era or movement is simple: trust what you know.

“When you’re encountering a piece of art, don’t try and translate it,” Colombat said. “Don’t try and explain too much of what’s going on to the point where you put labels on things.”

For Colombat, humility is the best method of approaching another composer’s work.

“Being humble, for me, in this case means that you let the work of art speak for itself, and you don’t try to add on too much of what you think the piece of art is doing because everybody will interact with it differently,” Colombat said.

“We need to be humble and let pieces of art be themselves and not use too many labels.”

8 OPINION

EDITORIAL

Massachusetts must address hidden fees at urgent cares Imagine one day you wake up with a cough. After several hours, you develop a fever and get the chills. You think to yourself, “this is probably strep throat, nothing too serious.” So you head to the closest urgent care facility, describe your symptoms and get a strep test.

Whether the test is positive or not, you are charged an astounding $300. You are angered, since you only expected to pay $50 — your standard co-payment. But there is a $250 off-site hospital fee. In Massachusetts, this is not an uncommon occurrence.

As detailed by The Boston Globe, there have been severa l complaints submitted to Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey’s office relating to multi-hundred dollar bills faced by some patients after they visited a physician’s office or urgent care facility.

These health care centers are able to charge such enormous costs by listing, for example, a “hospital” fee on a patient’s bill. In Boston, many physician offices and urgent care facilities are owned by large hospitals such as Brigham and Women’s Hospita l or Massachusetts General Hospital.

It is rarely discussed, but according to the Globe, outpatient and similar fees have increased over the last 10 years.

Medicare and some insurers have scrutinized these charges, yet more needs to be done on the state level to prevent this pricing malpractice.

Healthcare is not a transparent sector of our economy. In a July sur vey by the New England Journal of Medicine

Catalyst Insights Council, only 17 percent 16 centers in Massachusetts — five of of healthcare facilitators described their which are under the UMass Memorial organization as “very mature” or “mature” Health Care umbrella. in addressing transparency.

Urgent care facilities have many benHowever, there have been a pleth- efits: they allow for more accessibility ora of laws passed by states across the and offer the potential for cheaper care, country to push for greater transparency and they ease congestion of already overin the healthcare sector. Last year, the crowded hospitals. But going to an urgent Massachusetts Senate passed Bill S.2202, care facility is not equivalent to going to which includes a provision that would the hospital. Urgent cares facilities can prevent hospitals from charging outpa- sometimes be more concerned with the tient costs for many services. “urgent” aspect of their business than they However, the bill is currently in a are with the “care.” legislative abyss, with little motivation While qualit y of care is of parashown from the House to consider it. mount importance, price transparency A rise in the number of urgent care facil- is important, too. Anyone would be outities is relatively new to Massachusetts. raged if they were charged $400 for treatFor example, in 2012, CareWell Urgent ment for an eye injury. Anyone would be Care owned only one clinic in the state. furious if they were charged $800 for the Now, six years later, they’ve established removal of several warts. These aren’t

simply hypotheticals. This happened in our state.

If an urgent care facility is owned by a private hospital, then that hospital has the right to charge additional fees. But is the quality of care better at a facility owned by a large hospital than at one that is not? It’s tough to say. Regardless, responsibility lies with the hospitals to prove that it is beforehand.

The largest concern with hospital ownership of these facilities is their ability to hide additional fees. These organizations must be transparent about their pricing prior to when a patient is seen.

The ow nership of urgent ca res themselves by hospitals is not the issue.

Greater integration of healthcare to provide better treatment is beneficial, but ownership should not lead to exploitation.

T

hese health care centers are able to charge such enormous costs by listing, for example, a “hospital” fee on a patient’s bill. In Boston, many physician offices and urgent care facilities are owned by large hospitals such as Brigham and Women’s Hospital or Massachusetts General Hospital.

CROSSWORD

This week’s crossword puzzle is brought to you by Virginia Traub

COURTESY OF MIRROREYES.COM / CROSSWORD ANSWERS AVAILABLE ON https://dfpress.co/2E2v2Ut

DOWN

ACROSS 1. Disabled 5. Moon of Saturn 10. Foment 14. Pitcher 15. Skyward 16. A pouch in some birds 17. Placenta 19. Daughter of Zeus and Demeter 20. Pelt 21. Gladden 22. Smelter waste 23. Splashed 25. A watery discharge 27. Make lace 28. Unlucky 31. Chocolate substitute 34. Future fungus 35. Genus of macaws 36. Again 37. Shout 38. Radar signal

39. A parcel of land 40. Moses’ brother 41. Chip dip 42. Attacker 44. Ancient unit of measure 45. Annoyed 46. Ensnarled 50. Worries 52. Skin layer 54. In song, the loneliest number 55. Overhang 56. Likeness 58. Layer 59. Sharpshoot 60. Copied 61. Countercurrent 62. Everglades bird 63. What we sleep on

1. Flips (through) 2. Dreadful 3. Parisian subway 4. Before, poetically 5. Pill 6. Homeric epic 7. Legal wrong 8. Not morning 9. Greatest possible 10. Build up 11. Sport played on ice using brooms 12. Hearing organs 13. It was (contraction) 18.

Rehabilitation 22. Apollo astronaut Slayton 24. Put away 26. Stringed instrument 28. Trail 29. Colored part of an eye 30. The thin fibrous

bark 31. Serene 32. Dwarf buffalo 33. Fetched 34. Tearing up 37. Walk in water 38. Pow! 40.

Northern diving birds 41. Egyptian peninsula 43. Blood vessel 44. Tiny village 46. Balderdash 47. Jeweler’s glass 48. Ceased 49.

Accomplishments 50. Celebration 51. Police action 53. Arab chieftain 56. South southeast 57. Bar bill

Breanne Kovatch, Editor-in-Chief Mike Reddy, Managing Editor t h e i n d e p e n d e n t s t u d e n t n e w s pa p e r a t b o s t o n u n i v e r s i t y

46th year | Volume 95 | Issue 12

Jen Racoosin, Campus Editor

Isabel Owens, Editorial Page Editor

Jaya Gupta, Layout Editor

The Daily Free Press (ISSN 1094-7337) is printed Thursdays during the academic year except during vacation and exam periods by Back Bay Publishing Co., Inc., a nonprofit corporation operated by Boston University students. No content can be reproduced without the permission of Back Bay Publishing Co., Inc. Copyright © 2018 Back Bay Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

Hannah Schoenbaum, City Editor

Vigunthaan Tharmarajah, Photo Editor

Shaun Robinson, Multimedia Editor

Diana Leane, Features Editor

Alex del Tufo, Blog Editor

Shakti Rovner, Office Manager

Lily Betts, Sports Editor

OPINION 9

MODERN MUSINGS:

COLUMNS

AMERICAN PROTEST:

Confronting our colonialist past Trump hides from climate change

BY AUSMA PALMER COLUMNIST

Millions of Americans gathered around their dinner tables to celebrate Thanksgiving with family and friends last week. Though most no longer observe the holiday for its origins as a get-together of the Native Americans and Pilgrims, there are many Native Americans who cannot forget the scars colonization left on their culture and way of life.

The specter of colonialism still hangs over indigenous communities around the globe. You would hope that our country and others, with the legacy of colonization that resulted in the oppression and destruction of indigenous peoples and their way of life, would try to right the wrongs of our ancestors hundreds of years ago. Yet we continue to fail the indigenous peoples by denying their most basic requests for autonomy and respect.

It is clear from recent events that the ideology of colonialism still pervades many people’s thinking, and it is time we address that fact and make reparations in any way we can.

Despite decimating the populations and destroying much of the way of life of Native Americans, the United States has failed to reconcile with or improve the treatment of Native Americans to this day. The Standing Rock protests in 2016 are one of the most recent acts to challenge the disrespect of the Native American people and their territory. The clash that ensued between protestors and the army showed that we have not progressed whatsoever from our dark past.

More recently, the Medford Public Library in Massachusetts attempted to auction off sacred Native American artifacts. It was only halted after a petition was circulated where Native American leaders demanded the auction be stopped.

Still, this auction highlights a greater issue with how many people treat Native Americans — they feel entitled to what is not theirs, what were, in all likelihood, stolen artifacts, and they fail to consider the feelings of Native Americans by failing to consult tribal leaders on the property rights of the artifacts.

It is disgraceful that in the hundreds of years since the founding of this country, some people’s views have not progressed compared to the colonizers.

Other former colonies around the world still deal with similar disrespect and mistreatment from their former colonizers. Like many museums, the British Museum in England continues to house stolen artifacts from colonial times, such as Hoa Hakananai’a, a “moai” statue from Easter Island.

Last week, Tarita Alarcon Rapu, the governor of Easter Island, visited the museum and pled with its curators to give the statue back to the people of Easter Island — its rightful owners for whom the statue has deep spiritual and cultural meaning.

Another incident relating to colonialist issues is the death of John Allen Chau, an American missionary who travelled illegally to North Sentinel Island in the Indian Ocean. He had the explicit goal of converting the Sentinelese people to Christianity. The Sentinelese are protected by the Indian government, and their island is completely isolated from the outside world.

The most inconceivable aspect of this event is that a Christian American man still believes he has the right to invade a native community and upend their way of life.

After all of the lessons that have been learned from the decimation of indigenous populations and cultures, a man still believed good would come from the infliction of his religion upon the native people.

It is disgraceful that our nation and others have not learned, from the hundreds of years of suffering native peoples endured at the hands of European colonizers, to have basic respect and regard for these communities.

It is now or never that people will finally acknowledge the evils that were committed during these shameful eras of human history and acknowledge it in a genuinely meaningful and tangible way. At the very least, this means returning stolen artifacts as a show of respect to those communities.

In the United States in particular, this means paying reparations to the relatives of Native Americans whose lives were destroyed by the colonization of this country, whether that be in the form of government benefits, returning stolen lands, artifacts and artwork, or recognizing the sovereignty of Native American territory.

The Native American Rights Fund and the National Congress of American Indians are just two of the many Native American organizations working to hold the U.S. government accountable for the destruction it caused their people and culture, and these goals can be achieved by joining or donating to the cause.

We must ensure that the voices of indigenous communities are heard and that we respect their cultures and ways of life, once and for all.

BY MEREDITH VARNER COLUMNIST

There is only one word to describe the Trump administration’s recent attempt to hide the climate change report that came out Friday: cowardice. The administration refuses to look at the scientific facts and would rather continue on in ignorance and stupidity as the Earth dies around us every day.

T he Fou r th Nationa l Cl imate Assessment was released Nov. 23, a whole month earlier than it was originally intended to be released. Not so coincidentally, that was also Black Friday, a day where few people are paying attention to the news.

Black Friday is a busy day full of shopping, eating leftovers and recovering from the holiday craziness. It is common knowledge that many people are not monitoring the news like they would on a normal day.

The Trump administration took advantage of this fact and released the report so that fewer Americans would read it and realize how perilous the climate change situation is. They are trying to hide the terrifying facts from us and keep on living in ignorant bliss.

The report concludes overall that the world’s temperature is rising and that this could largely be due to humans. It goes on to name the vast economic, health and environmental impacts of the rising temperatures.

All in all, within the next few decades, America will start feeling disastrous impacts from climate change in all aspects of society, as the report says. The entire report, if you choose to read it, is truly terrifying and a real call to action.

Bear in mind that the report is not simply speculation by unprofessional people.

It was put together by 13 federal agencies and more than 300 climate scientists. The credibility of this science could not be more established.

What was Donald Trump’s response to

this? He said, “I don’t believe it,” according to CNN. The man with no degree in any field of science whatsoever took plain facts, presented by 300 climate scientists, and simply does not believe them.

To cite some of President Trump’s other brilliant responses to climate change, we can turn to his Twitter account.

Last Wednesday he tweeted, “Brutal and Extended Cold Blast could shatter ALL RECORDS - Whatever happened to Global Warming?”

If our president took the time to simply Google climate change impacts, he would know that extreme weather patterns not previously seen before are direct results of global warming. So, the fact that it was so cold this past Thanksgiving could be global warming, after all.

Other similar tweets by Trump show that he thinks global warming is immediately cancelled out when it gets cold, which is not at all how global warming works.

Clearly, our president does not know the difference between weather and climate.

As I learned in middle school, weather operates on a day-to-day basis and climate is over time. Therefore, climate change is something seen gradually, not on one cold day. If Trump looked at the zoomed-out picture, he would see that every year it is getting warmer and warmer.

Why would he do that, though? Why not instead just take every piece of hard, scientific fact and completely deny it on the basis of trying to meddle with the economy? He once tweeted, “The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive.”

News f lash: this report shows that on its current trajectory, climate change would cause hundreds of billions of dollars in damage from rising waters, health crises and much more. It is actually in the economy’s best interest if Trump would acknowledge our dying planet and decide to do something about it.

Not only was the government unethical in strategically releasing the report on Black Friday to minimize the amount of people who saw it, but Trump denies that any of the information it portrays is correct. Both of these transgressions are what make America the laughing stock of the world.

As the American people, we must go read the report they tried to hide from us and demand action. It is not even about the future generations anymore. We are going to be affected within the next 30 years. It is about the present and saving the earth now.

KYLE PATTERSON/DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

INTERROBANG

Khloe Kardashian’s daughter said her first word -- We here at the ol’ Free Press want to know, what would BU community members’ first words be?

CGS: aslkfnlakdnv

Questrom: Daddy?

ENG: Send help

Frats: Bruh

Sargent: Hydrate or diedrate

Warren: Evacuate!

COM: F 4 F

SHS: Good luck!

FreeP: Can I record?

10 SPORTS

Men’s basketball cruises past New Hampshire, 82-53

BY DYLAN WOODS

DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Boston Universit y men’s basketball played their penultimate game of a long road trip in Durham, New Hampshire, against the University of New Hampshire Wednesday.

The Terriers (4-4) ballooned an early lead by as much as 23 in the first half and never let up for an 82-53 win over New Hampshire (2-5).

“I was really happy with our defensive intensity,” head coach Joe Jones said. “[We had] a lot of energy, great communication, … [and] we were really positioned well. They really listened to the game plan.”

BU held the Wildcats scoreless for the first five minutes of the game, forcing them into tough shots that resulted in clanks off the rim. For the half, New Hampshire shot just six for 21.

By the time UNH scored their first bucket, they had used two timeouts, and the Terriers had racked up 13 points.

Java nte McCoy got BU started with two three-pointers.

The sophomore guard was playing not far from Phillips Exeter Academy, where he spent his high school days.

BU continued to dominate UNH in the first half, stretching their lead out to 30-9 and, eventually, 42-25 at halftime. Junior forward Tyler Scanlon led the team with 8 points, and sophomore forward Sukhmail Mathon had eight rebounds.

As a team, the Terriers shot 17 for 33 from the field in the first half, including six for 15 from three. For the Wildcats,

JUSTIN HAWK/ DFP FILE

Junior forward, Tyler Scanlon, led the Boston University men’s basketball team with 15 points Wednesday against the University of New Hampshire.

senior guard Jordan Reed led on offense with 12 points in the first 20 minutes.

The Terriers finished the game shooting 52.5 percent from the field and 44.4 percent from three. On the other end, New Hampshire shot 29.2 percent on all attempts and 23.8 percent on threes.

BU also won the turnover battle, forcing 14 blunders and surrendering 11. The Terriers went on to score 23 points off those

mistakes, while UNH brought home 10.

BU’s defense did not allow a single fastbreak point in the entire game.

Scanlon led all scorers with 15 points, and McCoy was close behind with 14. The two combined to shoot nine for 18, including seven for 11 from deep.

The Terriers’ bench was given plenty of minutes as well, with 13 total players getting out onto the court.

Redshirt freshman guard Alex Vilarino and freshman forward Jack Hemphill combined to score 19 of BU’s 33 bench points.

Freshman guard/forward Fletcher Tynen led the subs in minutes with 18 and in rebounds with five.

“If we’re going to develop into the team we think we can be, our freshman class has to continue to improve,” Jones said. “It was good to see [the bench] step in.

They were ready to play tonight.”

With the win, BU edges closer

to returning home for the first time since Nov. 11. After a game at Elon University Saturday, they will return to Case Gym Dec. 4.

For now, Jones said he is happy with how his team is looking and how they can continue to improve.

“You’re going to win some, you’re going to lose some,” Jones said. “But if you’re focused on the right things [and] about getting better, at some point you’re … going to win enough.”

Starting lineup looks sharp as Terriers trounce New Hampshire

BY ETHAN FULLER

DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Boston University women’s basketball won at home Wednesday, beating the University of New Hampshire 60-39. The Terriers moved to 3-2 on the season, while the Wildcats dropped to 1-6.

BU came into the evening having gone over a week since their last match, a 67-65 win over Bryant University Nov. 20. Meanwhile, New Hampshire was coming off of their first win of the season, also over Bryan but five days later.

Both teams struggled out of the gate, with UNH holding a slim 11-9 advantage after the first 10 minutes of action. The Terriers grabbed their first lead of the game early in the second quarter, when sophomore guard Katie Nelson canned one from outside the arc to set the score at 16-15 BU. Junior forward Nia Irving then took the helm for the Terriers. Irving scored 10 of her 16 total points in the second frame, including an off-balance layup that also drew a Wildcat foul.

Irving exhibited a variety of post moves Wednesday, skills the forward said she’s been working on. Irving described how she uses these skills on the court.

MADDIE MALHOTRA/DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Junior forward Nia Irving was Boston University women’s basketball’s leading scorer against the University of New Hampshire Wednesday, notching 16 points.

“I try to switch up my moves as “For us to have balanced scoring much as possible,” she said. “I’ve is huge,” Moseley said. “On any given been trying to figure out a different night, knowing that somebody can arsenal to see what works.” step up [is important].”

After trailing 0-6 to open the Off the bench, freshman forward contest, the Terriers headed into Chiara Tibbitt added four points. halftime ahead 31-24. Irving and Fellow freshman for ward Riley freshman UNH guard Kari Brekke Childs led the game in rebounds led all scorers at the break with 10 with nine boards, and sophomore points apiece. forward Mackenzie Miers grabbed BU continued their momentum six of her own. early in the third quarter. They got As an upperclassman, Irving has off a quick five-point run, sparked taken on an increased leadership by a three-pointer from senior guard role. The Maine native said she is Lauren Spearman. looking to follow the example set From there, the Terriers did not by last year’s strong senior class. She look back, outscoring the Wildcats also said she wants to be someone 18-9 in the third quarter, widening who her teammates can look up to. the gap to 49-33. BU then started “It’s trying to fill in their footsteps the fourth with seven straight points. and trying to take over that leadership Wednesday’s contest saw BU hold role so that the younger kids on the their opponent under 40 points for the team have someone to look to for first time since 2014. The Wildcats guidance,” Irving said. shot 30 percent from the floor and The Terriers’ next contest will 10 percent from the three-point line, also be their fourth home game this while the Terriers converted 47 per- season, with the team looking to cent of their total shots. maintain their unbeaten record at For BU, every member of the Case Gym. starting lineup scored at least nine “We really want to focus on and points. Head coach Marisa Moseley maintain that record,” Irving said. said she was impressed with the all- “It’s just really special to be able to around effort from each of her five win in front of our family and friends starters. and fans.”

Follow along with BU Sports on Twitter: @DFPSports

SPORTS 11

Women’s hockey defeats Brown 5-2 in lead-up to BC series

BY LILY BETTS

DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

A third-period surge from the Boston University women’s hockey team led the Terriers (4-4-4, 3-4-4 Hockey East) to a 5-2 victory over Brown University Tuesday.

After a puck deflected into the BU net tied the game 2-2 a little over eight minutes into the third period, senior defender and tri-captain Reagan Rust scored the first of the Terriers’ three late goals three minutes later.

On a night where five Terriers recorded goals, BU head coach Brian Durocher said he was impressed by the roster’s consistency throughout the game.

“It was a real solid performance all the way around,” Durocher said. “… At eight [or] nine minutes left, Brown could have had one big play, and we’d have been in trouble, but many, many people contributed.”

Rust attacked the Brown (5-6-1) defense early, forcing Bears goaltender Calla Isaac and for ward Shay Maloney to step in front of her shots early in the first period.

Despite the Terriers’ offensive dominance through the period, outshooting Brown 20-5, the Bears scored first off of junior forward Sena Hanson’s shot from the faceoff circle.

BU responded in under f ive minutes after a pass from sophomore forward Nara Elia assisted on senior defender Connor Galway’s first goal of the season during a delayed penalty against Brown.

“The scoreboard showed a close wasn’t a shutout victory. up and execute it,” Durocher said.

S o p h o m o r e f o r w a r d Je s s e Compher set the Terriers up for game, but we didn’t play very well Confidence will be key in the “We didn’t really play like that last their go-ahead goal with a faceoff in any real area,” Durocher said. the Terriers performance against time. I told them, ‘It’s OK to admit win in the offensive zone, setting “From a confidence standpoint or a the Eagles this weekend, Durocher you’re playing a good team, but don’t make them look good because you up linemate and redshirt junior just plain execution standpoint, we said. tri-captain Sammy Davis to score didn’t do very much in that game.”

“They got [to] keep their head aren’t playing well.’”

While Durocher said that the her eighth of the season and break Terriers’ production that game the two’s tie as top goal-scorers.

BU kept the Bears off of the came in part due to luck, the four scoresheet throughout the second goals are twice the 1.5 goals per stanza, but what Durocher described game that the Eagles allow their as a f unny bounce put Brown’s opponents on average.

Freshman goaltender Maddy Hanson back on the scoresheet McArthur has started in 15 games for a 2-2 game.

R u s t r e s p o n d e d w i t h h e r for BC, earning a .931 save percentgame-winner soon after, and the age on a 1.53 goals against average.

T he Ea g le’s defense is a lso three-goal streak ended with a shot on an empty net to extend a backed by senior defender Megan four-game goal streak for freshman Keller, who returned to BC this year after taking a leave of absence forward Mackenna Parker.

“We didn’t get down,” Durocher during the 2017-18 season to represaid. “We got a great shot from sent the United States at the 2018 Reagan to make it 3-2. … I really Winter Olympics.

The team’s leading goalscorer, did like the overall play and the fact that we played pretty close to a real sophomore forward Daryl Watts, good 60-minute game and showed beat out BU alumna Victoria Bach a little resiliency towards the end.” to become the first underclassman The Terriers will start a series to ever win the Patty Kazmaier against No. 4 Boston College this Memorial Award last year after weekend, opening play in the Conte leading the nation in scoring.

This season, Watts’ 1.00 point Forum Friday.

The game comes 10 days after per game average ties her for ninth the two teams’ first meeting of the in the Hockey East, while BC’s season Nov. 20, where BC (12-4) Makenna Newkirk is tied with Compher for fourth. topped BU 4-3.

BC w i l l enter the match Durocher said that, despite the final score showing only a one-goal having dropped its most recent deficit, his team underperformed match against No. 5 Northeastern in several areas and committed University in an overtime decision.

PHOTO BY MADDIE MALHOTRA/ DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF In the four games before the technical errors, such as going Senior defender and tri-captain Reagan Rust dominated Boston University womoffsides and giving up too many Northeastern (12-1-2) loss, the win en’s hockey offense against Brown University Tuesday. Rust scored the Terriers’ game-winning goal. against BU was the only match that penalties.

BU men’s, women’s basketball to face Elon, Delaware Saturday

BY NICK TELESMANIC DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

MADDIE MALHOTRA/DAILY FREE PRESS STAFF

Senior forward Naiyah Thompson leaps up to make a shot during Boston University women’s basketball game against the University of New Hampshire Wednesday.

After picking up wins Wednesday, Boston University men’s basketball will face off against Elon University and BU women’s basketball will play the University of Delaware Sunday.

Both BU basketball teams beat the University of New Hampshire Wednesday. Men’s basketball (4-4) routed UNH (2-5) with a score of 82-53 at Lundholm Gym. Women’s basketball (3-2) had a commanding 60-39 win against UNH (1-6) at Case Gym. BU men’s basketball head coach Joe Jones said he wants to make sure the team remains focused following their win against the Wildcats.

“We’re focused on the task at hand,” Jones said. “We’re taking it one game at a time, trying to get better in practice and trying to get better in games.”

Elon (3-4) is coming off of a 92-59 win against Central Penn College (2-3). The Phoenix fell victim to three straight losses before the Central Penn victory.

Senior guard Steven Santa Ana tallied 18 points, 12 rebounds and five assists in the Central Penn win. Santa Ana became the 43rd player in program history to pass

the 1,000 point mark and currently sits at 1,007 points.

Santa Ana is currently ranked second in scoring with 94 points and has averaged 13.4 points per game.

Leading the Phoenix in scoring is senior forward Tyler Seibring, who has notched 103 points for an average of 14.7 per game. Together, these two players combined have scored 39.7 percent of the team’s total points this season.

The Terriers had their own duo of point production in their win against the Wildcats. Junior forward Tyler Scanlon scored 15 points, and sophomore guard Javante McCoy scored 14 points.

Coming off of a 2-3 road trip, Jones said he thinks things will get easier for the Terriers once they have a better balance between home and away games.

“We haven’t even talked about being on the road,” Jones said. “It will be good to play a more balanced schedule in December. … I feel bad for our guys that they’ve been on the road so much.”

D el a w a r e w omen’s ba s ket ball (3-3) will face BU coming off the Florida Atlantic University Thanksgiving Tournament, where they took a loss against Bradley University (5-0) and a win against

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Lafayette University (3-3). After losing their first two games this year, the Hens have won three of their last four and have the opportunity to rise above .500 for the first time this season with a win.

In their game against Lafayette, the Hens have a trio of double-digit producers. Sophomore guard Justina Mascaro led the team with 14 points, junior guard Bailey Kargo tallied 13 a nd ju n ior for wa rd Sa mone DeFreese had 11.

BU women’s basketball had a set of four double-digit producers against the Wildcats. Junior forward Nia Irving dropped 16 points, senior guard Lauren Spearman had 11 and both senior forward Naiyah Thompson and sophomore guard Katie Nelson scored 10.

BU women’s basketball head coach Marisa Moseley said she thinks the team will be ready to face the Hens Sunday.

“I think they know everyone has to do a little bit more and carry a bit more weight,” Moseley said of the senior class. “I’ve been really impressed with how they’ve come out and contributed each game.”

Nick Telesmanic, Dylan Woods, and Ethan Fuller contributed to the reporting of this article.

“It’s just really special to be able to win in front of our family and friends, and fans.” ­ Women’s basketball forward Nia Irving on — the success of her team. p.10

Sports Thursday, November 29, 2018

“[We had] a lot of energy, great communication,…[and] we were really positioned well.” ­— Men’s basketball coach Joe Jones on his team’s win Wednesday. p.10

Behind the Glass: Mike Yeo and Ron Hextall are out

BY LAURA GUERRIERO COLUMNIST

Following a slow start to the 2016-17 season, the St. Louis Blues fired head coach Ken Hitchcock.

Associate coach Mike Yeo took over for the remainder of the season. It was early 2017, and Hitchcock had already announced he would retire at the end of the season. It didn’t seem like a fair move then, and it still doesn’t sit well now.

That season, St. Louis finished third in the Central Division. In the 2017 playoffs, the Blues made it to the second round, losing 2-4 to the Nashville Predators, who then went on to the Stanley Cup Finals. The Predators lost 4-2 to the Pittsburgh Penguins.

Fast forward to this season — after finishing fifth in the Central Division at the end of the 2017-18 season and missing the playoffs, the Blues are off to yet another slow start.

The team sits at the bottom of the Central Division and is second to last in the league, only above the Los Angeles Kings.

As we enter the third month of the season, the time has come to start making moves that will change the direction of teams in a downward spiral. So, naturally, what have the Blues done?

They fired Mike Yeo. This seems very reminiscent of two seasons ago, except this one has come two months earlier in the season.

W hile the str ug gling Blues definitely need something to come around and change their momentum, I’m not sure if jumping back onto the “fire the coach” train was the

best move.

Last season, the team was unable to produce enough wins to lift them to the playoffs. It was the first time in six seasons that the Blues missed the postseason.

Heading into the 2018-19 season, St. Louis transformed its roster.

Centers Tyler Boza k and Ryan O’Reilly, as well as a familiar face in left winger David Perron, all joined the Blues. The Blues also got rid of centers Patrik Berglund and Vladimir Sobotka in their trade for Ryan O’Reilly, removing players that weren’t producing enough for the team.

With a refreshed roster, why is the team still not playing at the level it is expected to play at? We don’t really know, but fire the coach and see if that helps.

Another firing making headlines is the Philadelphia Flyers’ release of general manager Ron Hextall Monday.

Currently, the Flyers are last in the Metropolitan Division and third to last in the NHL. They are yet another team that is performing worse than expected, but instead of firing their head coach, they immediately fired their general manager.

This move seems a lot less strategic for Philadelphia, especially given the fact that the new general manager can’t necessarily come in and overhaul the team right away.

At least with a new head coach, there can be an immediate change in the types of drills and play the team is following. It seems silly to fire the general manager first, but it may be a necessary move for the team if they want to make big trades by the deadline.

One of the criticisms of Hextall was that he was not ag gressive enough when making moves for the team. Obviously, hiring a new GM would signal that the team is looking to potentially overhaul itself by the trade deadline in hopes of reviving their chances of making a playoff run during the second half

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of the season.

Unless the team is going to start trading players immediately, the short-term effect of hiring a new GM will not be noticeable since nothing is directly changing among the players or coaching staff.

As understandable as it is to fire a coach or GM when a team is doing poorly, it seems that the push to fire these individuals is coming earlier and earlier in the season.

Yes, teams want to be competitive, and when a team is experiencing a rough patch in the season, it has become an almost knee-jerk ref lex to blame the coach or GM for these issues. But that doesn’t necessarily mean that they should fire their head coach at the first sign of trouble.

When a team is doing poorly, it’s not just the coach’s fault. Sure, the offense might be consistently

scoring goals for the team, but if the defensive unit isn’t working at the same level and opponents are outscoring every game, that might not be a coaching issue and more of an issue with cohesion on the team.

I’m not advocating for keeping coaches when the team is driven to the bottom of the rankings, but organizations should take the time to exhaust all of their options looking inward at the team before doing so.

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THURSDAY, NOV. 29

FRIDAY, NOV. 30

The Boston Bruins welcome the New

Men’s hockey will host BC at Agganis Arena in the battle of Commonwealth Avenue, 7:30 p.m.

York Islanders to TD Garden, 7 p.m.

SATURDAY, DEC. 1

Women’s hockey will host BC at Walter Brown Arena in the battle of Commonwealth Avenue, 3 p.m.

11/15/18 10:45 AM

SUNDAY, DEC. 2

MONDAY, DEC. 3

The Washington Redskins visit Women’s basketball welcomes

the Philadelphia Eagles on Mon-

Delaware to Case Gym, 1 p.m.

day Night Football at Lincoln Financial Field, 8:15 p.m.