CITA BIM Gathering 2017, November 23rd – 24th
A Study on Supporting the Deployment and Evaluation of Government Policy Objectives Through the Adoption of Building Information Modeling 1Shiyao
1,2&3
4
Kuang 2 Dr. Alan Hore, 3Dr. Barry McAuley and 4Prof. Roger P. West
School of Surveying and Construction Management, Dublin Institute of Technology, Bolton Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
E-mail: 1bmcauley@cita.ie
2
alan.hore@dit.ie
3
rwest@tcd.ie 4shiyao.kuang@mydit.ie
Abstract ̶ The world's urban population is increasing by 200,000 people per day which has now resulted in the construction industry exploring new technologies and processes to reduce construction costs, make buildings more efficient and boost economic development. An example of such an emerging process is Building Information Modelling, which is now recognised as a transformative milestone for the extended use of digital technologies. The correct application of BIM can result in public sector bodies using the model to automate the creation of inventory lists for equipment and reduce redundancy in the maintenance of facility data for FM activities. This paper will investigate international BIM policies and the key areas that must be addressed if they are to be successful. The methodology involved an initial desktop based research exploring existing literature on global BIM policies. The findings show that if a Government lead mandate is to be successful then it must be partnered with both adequate standards and funding. It is hoped that the research findings will support not only the business case for the adoption of BIM by the Irish state but also the requirement to partner this approach with the correct resources.
Keywords ̶ Building Information Modeling, National Government Policy, Mandatory Policy
I BACKGROUND The world's urban population is increasing by 200,000 people per day, all of whom need affordable housing [1]. This type of global macro-trends has challenged the construction industry to explore new technologies and processes to reduce construction costs, make buildings more efficient and boost economic development. Despite this the recent World Economic Forum (WEF, 2016) reported that while most other industries have undergone tremendous changes over the last few decades, the construction sector has been hesitant about fully embracing the latest technological opportunities. WEF (2016) acknowledges that this is beginning to change thanks to digitalisation, innovative technologies and new construction techniques, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) [2]. BIM has grown in importance and is now recognised as a transformative
milestone for the technologies [3, 4].
extended
use
of digital
BIM is recognised as an effective process which can improve efficiency and productivity within the industry, and has quickly become a requirement for international governing bodies [5]. Post construction, public sector bodies can use the model to automate the creation of inventory lists for equipment, populate current FM systems and reduce redundancy in the maintenance of facility data for FM activities [6]. This paper will investigate international BIM policies and the key areas that must be addressed if they are to be successful.
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CITA BIM Gathering 2017, November 23rd – 24th
II AIM AND METHODOLOGY The methodology involved an initial desk-top based research exploring existing literature on global BIM policies. Based on the previous global BIM research performed by the BIM Innovation Capability Programme (BICP) of Ireland, ten countries have been selected that represent a high BIM maturity [7] This research focused on how particular international BIM programmes are organised, managed and the level of governmental support that is evident within those jurisdictions. The BICP research team originally focused on Australia, Canada, China Finland, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Scotland, Singapore and South Korea. For the purpose of this paper, this list will be narrowed down to those which only have a Government lead mandate / requirement in place i.e. China, Finland, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Scotland, Singapore and South Korea. The paper will aim to advance the findings of the BICP research team’s paper under the following established headings. • •
Policy: What type of requirement / mandate was issued by each country? Funding: What type and level of funding is required from each jurisdiction? Standards: What guidance and support mechanisms have each country deployed?
III BIM POLICIES
have issued publications and best practice guides toassist industry with any proposed mandates. The UK Government’s Construction Strategy published in May 2011 set out an aim to reduce the cost of public sector assets by up to 20%. To achieve this the government introduced a mandate requiring a minimum of Level 2 collaborative BIM on all centrally funded public projects by 2016. This mandate came into effect in April 2016. The government also established a dedicated BIM Task Group to assist in delivering this aim by providing support to the government and construction industry. The mandate has been considered as one of the reasons for the rapid development of BIM applications within the UK.[12,13] In December 2015, Germany's Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) launched its strategic Road Map for BIM within the transportation infrastructure sector [34]. Leading institutions and associations from design, construction and operations started the limited company Planenbauen 4.0 “Digitisation of Design, Construction and Operations” in February 2015. This joint and unique initiative supported by the German government is intended to guide and steer the implementation of BIM, or digital design, construction, operation and asset management across the entire industry in Germany [13] In 2013, a review of Scotland's public-sector procurement was carried out. The key target involved ‘projects across the public sector adopting BIM level 2 by April 2017’. Additional key targets in the 2013 review included reducing carbon and achieving higher building performance. The Scottish Future Trust (SFT) formed the BIM Delivery Group for Scotland in August 2015, and a Scottish BIM Implementation Plan was published in October 2015 [14].
BIM has been recognised as an innovation in the construction market by international project management. Public sector bodies and governments around the world have recommended or mandated the use of BIM as a strategy for addressing declining productivity [8]. A move towards BIM capability and expertise requires firms to re-evaluate and reengineer their business practices, while also highlighting that cultural business change is another challenge [9]. It will take money and time to train the staff to use BIM, to procure equipment and software, and to learn the BIM application, thus, generating loss to a certain degree [10] Therefore, many companies are not willing to undertake these risks and in instances a mandatory policy may be required.
The Confederation of Finnish Construction Industries decided in 2002 that BIM would be a core element of the future direction of the Finnish construction industry. More recently the City of Helsinki (The Real Estate Department), HUS (The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa), Senate Properties and City of Vantaa (The Real Estate Department) have produced a BIM project guideline for clients [13]
There can be many barriers keeping project participants from using the latest technologies including fears of low success, failure, high initial investment costs, the time to learn how to use the software and, most of all, the lack of support from senior leadership of the company [11]. If a Government policy is to be successful, then it will be necessary for adequate measures to be put in place to address these concerns. A number of governments
Recently, the EU BIM Task Handbook (Figure 1) has defined a strategic framework that provides a common approach for BIM's introduction into the European public sector. Establishing public leadership, communicating vision and fostering communities, growing industry capability and building a collaborative framework are the four high-level areas to fulfil, and each contains specific actions for the public stakeholder to consider. The
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CITA BIM Gathering 2017, November 23rd – 24th framework provides those stakeholders starting their journey with a direct route and offers a cross-check to those that have already begun [15].
The government body in Singapore issued largescale subsidies in June 2010 to encourage enterprises to start applying BIM. Each business can request financial subsidies with an upper limit of 105,000 SGD. Enterprises can use this funding for early staff training, BIM hardware and software, as well as project consulting expenses. China, as seen in the 2011-2015 Five-year Digital Construction Development Outline, have offered project incentives. The National Construction Management Committee also offer awards for organisations using BIM application. [15] The UK government has provided financial support to achieve a level 2 development for the industry and plans to invest £15 million into BIM level 3 [19]. France has invested €20 million to support their construction stimulus plan in 2015 and to implement 500,000 units of housing at the end of 2017 [20]. In October 2016, the Finnish Government started a new programme called KIRAdigi which is aiming for wider digitalisation of the construction industry, not only BIM. The programme duration runs until 2018 and has a total budget of €16 million [7]. The Federal Ministry of Transport and digital Infrastructure provides financial aid to four pilot BIM projects within a research project in the area of road and rail construction, with a total of € 3.8 million.
Figure 1–Strategic framework for public sector BIM programmes–EU BIM Task Handbook. [5] Some Asian countries are committed to relying on top-down leadership to promote the application of BIM. In Singapore the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) had a roadmap for BIM that pushed its construction industry to be using BIM widely by 2015. A related, major initiative of that government is to improve the construction industry’s productivity through the use of BIM by 20-30%. The BCA have mandated that all buildings over 5000 square meters need to deliver a BIM model [16]. In 2011, the application of BIM technology within China was proposed in the 2011-2015 Five-year Digital Construction Development Outline published by China's Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. It states that the enterprises employing the application of BIM technology will be provided by tax incentives. This series of incentive policies resulted in a number of Chinese organisations moving towards a BIM workflow. Construction enterprises with grade-A level qualifications are required to use BIM technology [17]. South Korea has a BIM regulatory requirement in place since 2011. The Public Procurement Service (PPS) made BIM compulsory for all projects over S$50 million and for all public-sector projects by 2016. The South Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport have provided S$5.8 million over a period of three years to build open BIM-based building design standards and information technology [18].
IV FUNDING Many governments have used financial support as an incentive for industries to take BIM action and further their digitisation agenda.
V STANDARDS As for international BIM standards, ISO has organised some important standards early from the IFC to IDM to IFD. In 2016, a first milestone for BIM in European standardization was reached with the adoption of the first three European Standards. This was a result of the work by the European Committee (CEN/TC 442) which was set up in 2015 to develop a structured set of BIM standards. CEN/TC 442 has developed three international standards: •
EN ISO 16739:2016 - Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for data sharing in the construction and facility management industries.
•
EN ISO 29481-2:2016 - Building information models - Information delivery manual - Part 2: Interaction framework.
•
EN ISO 12006-3:2016 - Building construction Organization of information about construction works - Part 3: Framework for object-oriented information [13] In 2013 the British Standards Institute (BSI) released a PAS (Publicly Accessible Standard) which was sponsored by the Construction Industry
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CITA BIM Gathering 2017, November 23rd – 24th Council (CIC). PAS 1192-2:2013 ‘Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using building information modelling’ was developed as an industry standard to provide specific guidance for information management requirements associated with projects delivered using BIM (BSI, 2013). Alongside PAS 1192-2:2013, there has been a range of supporting guideline documentation published including; Employers Information Requirements; CIC BIM Protocol, 2013; Outline Scope of Services for the Role of Information Management, 2013 and COBieUK-2012, UK edition of the schema for Construction [13]. All these standards are also used within Scotland. In Germany VDI2552 will become the German national BIM standard and will be developed in cooperation with the German Institute for Standardization–DIN [7]. PPBIM (XP P07-150) is a French standard, published in December 2014, which provides a methodology to define and manage construction product properties for digital use [13] The InfraBIM requirements (vol 1-7) were published in 2015 by buildingSMART Finland. The first volumes are now available in English. The resulting documents are used as general technical references and modelling guidelines during procurement and construction. The guidelines are accompanied by the Inframodel 3 data exchange format and the InfraBIMClassification System. The results of InfraBIM pilot projects are available online but are presently not available in English [13]. In China, a BIM application standard across all processes will be developed by next year. The standard will detail information transactions between different major stakeholders and define BIM language for easier cooperation.[21]. The Korean Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs published a National Architecture BIM Guide in 2010 to explain how to adopt BIM for all stakeholders [22]. The Singapore BIM Guide Version 1.0 was launched in May 2012 [23]. It was updated and revised into the Singapore BIM Guide Version 2.0, and released in August 2013 [24]. These BIM reference guides explain the roles and responsibilities of project members when adopting BIM.
VI KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS A review of international jurisdictions has shown that if a Government lead mandate is to be successful then it must be partnered with both adequate standards and funding. The mandate must be reflective of the country’s national needs and should indirectly show the benefits of BIM use.
A well-considered mandatory policy can promote the BIM process within the Irish construction industry. Although the Irish government has acknowledged the importance of BIM it is still behind when compared with other countries. The adoption of mandatory BIM policies and partnering incentives will be a catalyst to help Ireland's construction industry catch up with the general global trend.
REFERENCES [1] McGraw Hill Construction, (2014a), The Business Value of BIM for Construction in Global Markets, McGraw Hill Construction, Bedford MA, United States [2] World Economic Forum (2016) Shaping the Future of Construction A Breakthrough in Mindset and Technology, World Economic Forum. [3] Smyth H. (2010), Construction industry performance improvement programme: the UK case of demonstration project in the construction improvement programme [J], Construction Management and Economic, 28(3):255-270, Construction Management & Economics [4] Autodesk white paper for BIM [EB/OL] 2007, Autodesk, USA, viewed 10 December 2007, http://usa.autodesk.com/revit/white-papers/ [5] The Stationary Office (2014). Construction 2020: A Strategy for a Renewed Construction Sector. Government Publications [6] Brindal, T.N and. Prasanna, E. (2014) Developments of Facility Management Using Building Information Modelling, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 4 [7] McAuley, B., Hore, A., West, R. and Kuang, S. (2017) Stewardship of International BIM Programmes: Lessons for Ireland, Proceedings of the 3rd CitA BIM Gathering, pp 1-9, Croke Park, 23rd – 24th November [8] Kassem, M., Kelly, G., Dawood, N., Serginson, M. & Lockley, S. (2015), BIM in facilities management applications: a case study of a large university complex, Built Environment Project and Asset Management, Vol. 5, Issue 3 pp. 261 – 277 [9] NBS, (2015), National BIM Report, NBS, RIBA, London [10] YAN, H. and DEMIAN, P. (2008). Benefits and barriers of building information modelling. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering
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CITA BIM Gathering 2017, November 23rd – 24th (ICCCBE XII) & 2008 International Conference on Information Technology in Construction (INCITE 2008) [11] Migilinskas, D., Popov, V., Juocevicius, V., and Ustinovichius, L. (2013). The Benefits, Obstacles and Problems of Practical BIM Implementation, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania. [12] BSI, (2011) A report for the Government Construction Client Group: Building Information Modelling (BIM) Working Party strategy paper. 2011 [13] Hore, A., McAuley, B. and West, R. (2017) Global BIM Study, CitA BICP, p. 52 [14] The Scottish Government, (2013), Review of Scottish Public Sector Procurement in Construction, October 2013, p. 105 [15] EU BIM Task Group, (2017), Handbook for the introduction of Building Information Modelling by the European Public Sector, EU BIM Task Group, EU [16] L Wah. (2014). THE SINGAPORE BIM ROADMAP. Government BIM Symposium [17] Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. (2011). The 2011-2015 five-year Digital Construction Development Outline [18] Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (South Korea). (2010). National BIM Roadmap. [19] HM Treasury and The Rt Hon George Osborne. (2016). Budget 2016. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/upl oads/attachment_data/file/508193/HMT_Budget_20 16_Web_Accessible.pdf [20] Le Plan Transition Numérique dans le Bâtiment, (2015), Plan for the digital transition in the building industry, June 2015 [21] Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. (2017). Consultation Paper of Chinese BIM Standard [22] Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, (2010), National Architecture BIM Guide [23] Building Construction Authority, (2012), Singapore BIM Guide Version 1.0, May 2012 [24] Building Construction Authority, (2013), Singapore BIM Guide Version 2.0, August 2013
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