North American Clean Energy - September October 2010 by North American Clean Energy

VOLUME 4

ISSUE 5

Getting the Highest Solar Module Quality & Performance How and why PTC Ratings work Connecting Renewable Energy to the Electric Transmission Grid

HVDC Technology Optimizing Wind Turbine Controls

PLUS Show in Print features: • Solar Power International

Geophysics & Geothermal Exploration

• CanWEA 2010 • 2010 Geothermal Energy Expo

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to learn more Visit us at Solar Power International in booth 909 © 2010 Satcon Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. Satcon is a trademark of Satcon Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

VOLUME 4

ISSUE 5

contents Getting the Highest Solar Module Quality & Performance How and why PTC Ratings work Connecting Renewable Energy to the Electric Transmission Grid

HVDC Technology

NACE News

Treasury Publishes New Q&A as Year-end Deadline Approaches

Optimizing Wind Turbine Controls Geophysics & Geothermal Exploration

10 PLUS Show in Print features: • Solar Power International • CanWEA 2010 • Geothermal Energy Expo 2010 Conference & Expo

12 On the cover: Canadian Solar announced this 1.12 MW solar installation at the Mineta San José International Airport in May 2010. Cover photo courtesy of Canadian Solar www.canadiansolar.com

Wind energy

Investing in clean energy

Show-in-Print: CanWEA 2010

Geothermal energy

The Key to Getting the Highest Solar Module Quality & Performance

Connecting Renewable Energy to the Electric Transmission Grid

The Future of Wind Energy

Optimizing Wind Turbine Controls: Isn’t it time to do it?

Benefits of Type Certification for Wind Turbines: Three steps to get started

Events calendar

129

EDITOR

Michelle Froese mfroese@nacleanenergy.com ART DIRECTOR

Rommel Ramirez production@nacleanenergy.com SALES MANAGER

Ian Stuart istuart@nacleanenergy.com SALES

Ian Stuart istuart@nacleanenergy.com Jake Fidler jake@nacleanenergy.com Dave Benton dave@nacleanenergy.com CIRCULATION MANAGER

Kristy Vail circulation@nacleanenergy.com ACCOUNTING

Alison Bell abell@nacleanenergy.com PUBLISHER

Ian Stuart istuart@nacleanenergy.com 255 NEWPORT DRIVE, SUITE 336

122

126

Smarter Management of Solar Power Key Benefits of Roll Form Technology

112

Hydro and Marine energy

Thermostats vs. Hygrostats: Condensation control in electronic enclosures

Geothermal Energy Expo 2010 115 BioPower

Solar Racking, IBC & Taking the Time to Protect Yourself Solar products

Show in Print: Solar Power International

A Turning Point for the Concentrated Solar Power Industry: Delivering bankable energy solutions

departments Solar energy

What You Should Know About Financing a Solar Project in Today’s Market

September / October 2010 Volume 4, Number 5

Case Study: Historic Transmission Project Choosing the Right Wind Turbine Lubricant to Optimize Production Critical Surface Preparation for Clean Energy Applications

Port Moody, B.C. V3H 5H1 Phone: (604) 461-6223 North American Clean Energy is published bi-monthly by Action Media Ltd. Subscriptions: $48 per year. Foreign $89 per year. Editorial, Advertising, Production and Circulation are at 255 Newport Drive, Suite 336, Port Moody, B.C. V3H 5H1 (604) 461-6223. North American Clean Energy accepts no responsibility or liability for reported claims made by manufacturers and/or distributors for products or services; the views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of North American Clean Energy. No portion of this publication may be reproduced without the permission of

Offshore Wind and the Canadian Market

Wind products

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Government Recapture Rights under ARRA’s Renewable Energy Grant Program

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112

Geothermal Exploration: Using geophysics to reduce risk

113

Geothermal Heat Pumps Thrive in Today’s Environment

122

Biomass Heat is Not Coal

123

BioPower products

124

Maintaining a Competitive Edge in the Biomass Industry: Flexible material handling solutions

Return undeliverable U.S. addresses to 515 University Ave., Henry, IL 61537. Subscription updates can be made at circulation@nacleanenergy.com.

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126

Small Hydropower: A renewable resource that could sweep the nation

128

Hydro and Marine products

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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editor's note You’ve likely heard the expression ‘making something out of nothing.’ Well, it seems new research is attempting to do just that. In the ongoing search for renewable energy sources, scientists are trying to harness and harvest electricity out of mid air. Although air would appear to consist of a whole lot of nothing, turns out it is actually full of electrical charges. Presented in a report at the 240th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) earlier this year, Fernando Galembeck (a PhD from the University of Campinas in Sao Paolo, Brazil) and his team not only debunked the myth that water droplets in the atmosphere are electrically neutral, even after touching charged dust particles or other liquid droplets, but they also found that water in the atmosphere picks up charges. They proved this by measuring the charge of silica and aluminum phosphate, two common airborne substances. When the air is humid, silica turns negative and the aluminum phosphate gets a more positive charge—knowledge that one day may even be used to solve and control lightening strikes. Moreover, this research of “harnessing hygroelectricity” could eventually be developed into an alternative source of energy. Much like rooftop solar panels, imagine a ceiling of hygroelectricity collectors at home or in the office. “Our research could pave the way for turning electricity from the atmosphere into an alternative energy source for the future,” said lead scientist, Galembeck. “Just as solar energy could free some households from paying electric bills, this promising new energy source could have a similar effect.” (source: www.sciencedaily.com) At a time when the economy is still recovering (or reeling, depending on how you look at it), affecting jobs and project financing, and oil spills continue to hit the news (with yet another, smaller rig exploding into in the Gulf of Mexico at the beginning of

September), it’s nice to imagine a future where something as significant as energy could be made, seemingly, out of nothing. This issue, we focus on many positives including the bankable energy solutions solar power and, especially, the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) industry are now beginning to offer; the future of wind energy, including the world’s largest wind energy project or contract ever signed by a US utility, the Alta Wind Energy Center (AWEC) in California, which will have the capacity to generate 1,550 megawatts of renewable energy; and, the promise of geothermal exploration. We also look at legislation, from the ARRA cash grants to the recently proposed rules for the reduction of boiler emissions by the US Environmental Protection Agency, which, at first sound quite environmentally progressive. However, they do not differentiate the growing biomass heat industry or biomass-fueled heating systems (be sure to check out page 122). As I imagine a near-perfect future, I leave you with a letter from one of our readers. I realize I’m circling back to the BP oil spill (discussed at length in my note last issue), but building the future takes time, and all of us: I enjoyed reading your editor’s note from the July/August 2010 edition of NACE. It’s amazing to me, but I do feel many people aren’t (in spite of all the coverage) really taking in just how destructive an event this oil spill is. Your numbers show it, and, more importantly, your note tells us all how to get involved. I think that last point is sorely lacking from all the talk that comes from Washington, BP, and the President himself. Time to write a letter to my congressman, or check out www.matteroftrust.org. ~ Bill P. There’s a quote that goes, “When it comes to the future, there are three kinds of people: those who let it happen, those who make it happen, and those who wonder what happened.” ~John M. Richardson, Jr. Remember to get involved.

Michelle Froese

news bites Facts about wind energy’s emissions savings In an attempt to set the record straight in the battle between facts about wind energy and fossil fuels, the American Wind Energy Association’s (AWEA) recent data and analysis have demonstrated that the emissions savings from adding wind energy to the grid are even larger than had been commonly thought. In addition to each kWh of wind energy directly offsetting a kWh that would have been produced by a fossil-fired power plant, new analysis show that wind plants further reduce emissions by forcing the most polluting and inflexible power plants offline and causing them to be replaced by more efficient and flexible types of generation. Read more at www.awea.org/newsroom/pdf/08-27-10-Wind_and_emissions_response.pdf. AWEA | www.awea.org

Tool to connect the solar supply chain The International PV Equipment Association (IPVEA), an independent, non-profit organization of manufacturers and suppliers of photovoltaic fabrication equipment and related raw materials, introduces the PV Matrix, an innovative new solar supply chain tool. The IPVEA Matrix illustrates and links the complete PV Value Chain. Located online, the tool is designed to provide a central source of information to connect the solar industry. The PV Matrix separates solar technology into four main segments: silicon, organic, R&D, and installation and power generation. Each segment expands to show categories within that technology. For example, silicon expands to raw material to wafer, wafer to cell, and cell to modules. From there, each subsection further breaks down. This is beneficial because it simplifies technology and allows visitors to find specific information and locate key suppliers. Visitors and suppliers can both work and interact with other companies. Companies listed on the PV Matrix can also improve their networks, as well as company sales, profile, and exposure to the PV industry. Additionally, the Matrix provides customizable microsites where visitors can view image libraries, data sheets, white papers, product brochures, videos, and more.

DOE funds algal biofuels research The US Department of Energy (DOE) announced the investment of up to $24 million this past summer for three research groups to tackle key hurdles in the commercialization of algae-based biofuels. The selections will support the development of a clean, sustainable transportation sector—a goal of the Department’s continued effort to spur the creation of the domestic bio-industry while creating jobs. Developing cost-effective renewable transportation fuels is a key component of the Administration’s strategy to cut greenhouse gas emissions and move the nation toward energy independence. “The United States must find effective ways to hasten the development of technologies for advanced biofuels made from algae and other renewable resources to reduce our need for foreign sources of oil,” said Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Cathy Zoi.

Check it out at www.matrix.ipvea.org.

The three consortia selected for funding are: • Sustainable Algal Biofuels Consortium (Mesa, Arizona); • Consortium for Algal Biofuels Commercialization (San Diego, California); and • Cellana, LLC Consortium (Kailua-Kona, Hawaii).

International Photovoltaic Equipment Association (IPVEA) | www.ipvea.org

Department of Energy (DOE) | www1.eere.energy.gov

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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Treasury Publishes New Q&A as Year-end Deadline Approaches By Leah S Karlov & Joanna Grossman

he year-end deadline is quickly approaching for new renewable energy projects to start construction to qualify for the federal cash grant in lieu of the 30% investment tax credit. Because renewable energy projects receiving cash grants must reach certain development milestones (including site control, procurement arrangements, locking in funding, and environmental reviews) before breaking ground, a great deal of attention is focused on what it means to start construction for purposes of meeting the year-end deadline. In addition to earlier guidance, on June 24th, 2010, the US Treasury published a series of questions and answers (the “Q&As”) clarifying what it means to start construction for purposes of the cash grant.

Background

Section 1603 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 provides cash grants to owners (and, in some cases, lessees) of solar, wind, and certain other renewable energy projects, the construction of which begins by December 31st, 2010. Construction is treated as having begun when either: 1) physical work of a significant nature has begun; or 2) costs have been paid or incurred that satisfy a 5% safe harbor. Physical work of a signiﬁcant nature

Probably the most important news in the Q&As is a warning that “Treasury will closely scrutinize any construction activity that does not involve a continuous program of construction or a contractual obligation to undertake and complete within a reasonable time, a continuous program of construction.” Treasury provided this warning in the context of acknowledging that laying the foundation for a single wind turbine generator will satisfy the requirement construction has commenced for a 50-turbine project. The warning is equally applicable to solar and other renewable energy projects. Consequently, project sponsors and investors may be more inclined to rely on the 5% safe harbor to avoid the risk construction delays could preclude cash grant eligibility. The Q&As provide additional examples of what constitutes physical work of a significant nature while, at the same time, clarifying the boundary between eligible electrical generation equipment and ineligible transmission assets. For example, the Q&As clarify that physical work on a transformer that steps up the voltage of electricity produced at a facility is considered physical work of a significant nature because such equipment is specified energy property. In contrast, work on a transmission tower does not count as physical work of a significant nature because transmission equipment is not specified energy property. Another example addresses roads built on the construction site. Roads integral to the qualified facility (e.g. onsite roads that move materials to be processed and roads to operate or maintain the facility) are specified energy property. Starting construction on these integral roads will satisfy the commencement of construction standard. However, roads that provide access to the site and roads used solely for employee and visitor vehicles do not constitute specified energy property and, consequently, commencing construction of those roads cannot be counted as beginning construction. Similarly, clearing land or erecting fences does not qualify as physical work of a significant nature; nor does dismantling an existing facility to build a new one. Work carried out pursuant to a binding contract with a third-party contractor or component vendor may count if the work commences after the contract is entered into. Work performed on inventory of a supplier produced or manufactured before the contract was entered into cannot be counted as physical work of a significant nature. If a binding written contract is entered into with a supplier that produces the same goods for multiple customers, the contractor must be able to demonstrate when the work began with respect to the particular property that will be delivered to the applicant. For this purpose, the supplier may use any reasonable and consistent method to allocate work between customers.

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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Leah S. Karlov is Of Counsel in the Tax Department of Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP.

Joanna Grossman is an associate in the Tax Department of Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP.

Five percent safe harbor

Under the 5% safe harbor, commencement of construction is deemed to occur when more than five percent of the eligible property costs have been paid or incurred. Without elaboration, the Q&As states that the 5% safe harbor will be satisfied when five percent or more of the total cost of eligible property is paid or incurred. Costs incurred for ineligible property such as perimeter fencing, transmission and interconnection, buildings, employee parking, and other ineligible property will not count. In general, costs are not treated as incurred for purposes of the 5% safe harbor until purchased property or services are delivered or title to the property passes to the applicant (the so-called “economic performance” rules). When relying on the work of a contractor to satisfy the 5% safe harbor, the applicant may treat costs as paid or incurred when costs are paid or incurred by the contractor. Applicants may also include costs paid or incurred by a supplier that is manufacturing property or components for the applicant pursuant to a binding written contract. As with the physical work of a significant nature standard, costs must be incurred after the binding written contract is entered into, and must be reasonably allocated to the specified energy property of the applicant. The ability to treat costs incurred by a supplier as if they were incurred by the applicant only applies to those contracting directly with the applicant. Consequently, costs incurred by a component supplier to a contractor will not be treated as incurred until the components are provided to the contractor (not as the costs are paid or incurred by the supplier). Treasury has also clarified that the cost of components will be treated as having been incurred when title to the components is transferred to the applicant, even though components may be stored at the manufacturer’s premises. Additionally, the Q&As reiterate it is not sufficient to show an applicant reasonably expected costs incurred by December 31st, 2011 to exceed five percent of the project costs. Rather, the costs incurred must be equal to or greater than five percent of the actual total cost of the specified energy property. If a project includes multiple units of specified energy property (e.g., multiple wind turbine generators) and less than five percent of the cost of the eligible property in the entire project has been incurred before year’s-end, an applicant can elect to treat the project as including less than all the units of property and apply for a cash grant on that lesser number. What’s next?

At this point, developers and lenders are rushing to get construction of their projects started to meet the December 31st, 2010 deadline. As for alternatives, legislation has been introduced in Congress to provide a refundable 30% tax credit with respect to qualified projects the construction of which commences before January 1st, 2013, and which are placed in service before specified termination dates. Though, in some respects, the refundable credit would provide greater flexibility than the cash grant program, a significant drawback is the tax refund could be delayed. Instead of being paid within 60 days following submission of a completed application, as is currently the practice with the cash grant, the tax refund would not be paid until some time after the due date of the applicant’s tax return for the tax year in which the property is placed in service. At this point, we are assuming that for purposes of applying the commencement of construction requirement of the proposed legislation, the existing guidance and Q&As would remain applicable. Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP | www.milbank.com

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What You Should Know About Financing a Solar Project in Today’s Market

Pioneer Union Elementary School District’s solar farms qualified for an estimated $2.8 million in accelerated depreciation and federal tax incentives, and another $1.4 million in cash rebates through the California Solar Initiative (CSI) program.

By Wim Goethals

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quiet, yet critical, evolution is taking place within the financial landscape for solar projects. During the last year, financing conditions improved as more investors and banks stood ready to bankroll solar photovoltaic (PV) projects. On the other hand, this positive effect was somewhat dampened by incentive levels dropping faster than anticipated or, in some cases, those incentives being suspended or even eliminated altogether. One thing is clear: expect to see a flurry of activity in the last quarter of 2010, as everybody tries to get the maximum amount of megawatts in the ground ahead of the federal grant expiration. Despite this uncertainty, securing the financing for these PV projects might not be as difficult as it was one to two years ago. There are several reasons why investors and banks have fallen in love (albeit not passionately) again with solar PV. First and foremost, photovoltaics truly are a proven technology. The first solar installations implemented decades ago are still functioning and producing ahead of budget. Secondly, this proven technology also happens to generate very stable, predictable, and transparent cash flows—a critical characteristic that every investor appreciates and values. Lastly, and perhaps in response to the subprime credit excesses of the recent past, the financial community values the concept of deploying capital in projects that return a tangible benefit to society. Nevertheless, there are obvious downsides to investing in solar PV, specifically in the United States where no Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) exists. Having made the decision to explore renewable energy, most customers do not buy a PV

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installation on a balance sheet, but rather opt for a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) under which a specialized company will buy and finance the installation for them, and sell the electricity output back at a pre-agreed price. Compared with a typical solar PV project in Germany, or in the Canadian province of Ontario (or any other region with a FiT in place), there are two considerable downsides to this approach when it comes to financing the installation. First, and most obviously, we are no longer talking about government-backed cash flows with a little bit of production risk. PPA-financings are non-recourse loans exposed to corporate credit risk. Secondly, and probably more importantly, there is no such thing as a standard PPA. Combined with the plethora of state and local incentives out there, this means that any serious investor will have to go through a lengthy due diligence process before committing a single cent to a project. Given the comparatively small amounts of money involved in solar PV financings (e.g., a 500 kWp installation requires around $2 to $2.5 million), this means investing a huge amount of intellectual capital on a per dollar basis. This complexity is frequently underestimated by people new to the industry (or new to the US market). Inexperienced project developers or integrators all too often bring “unfinanceable” PV projects to investors. In reaction, during the last year, investors have been channeling more and more of their dollars toward the “institutional” developers, seeking a sense of security in these companies because of their size, proven track-record, and strong balance sheets.

Going on the Offensive: Understand what impacts ﬁnancing decisions

Going on the offensive should not, however, discourage new entrants or small developers. As the old sports adage goes: sometimes the best defense is a good offense. Such an approach begins by understanding the top drivers that impact how—or if—a solar project gets financed. Doing so means asking some tough questions. For example: Does the project actually “pencil out?” When financing a solar PV project, investors will assume corporate credit risk, energy production risk, project documentation risk, and tax risk. They will expect to earn a little bit more than just the Treasury rate (or a corporate bond for that matter). It is important to be realistic. Is the PPA a financeable contract? This is the tricky one. Since a significant part of the value of the incentives is taxdriven, care has to be given that these tax benefits end up with the party that can use them. Retain legal counsel to make sure the PPA respects all the rules and regulations regarding pricing of these contracts, buyout options, and other service components. Is the customer financeable? In essence, through a PPA, you’re financing the customer. In general, the customer will need to be investment-grade or better. How financeable is the EPC contractor and technology? The partner actually installing the PV system and guaranteeing the successful function and performance over the contract’s lifetime must have a proven track record of success and a strong balance sheet. Experienced developers put their contractors through a rigorous partner screening process using criteria such as: • Has the company implemented this type of project before? • Are the company’s projects still operating as they should? • Does the company have the financial strength and wherewithal to see the project through to the end? • Does the company share the same values and business strategies? With any one of the above components missing or out of synch, it would be difficult to obtain financing for a solar project in today’s market. Yet, the evolution continues. Any realistic developer or investor knows that there are no federally mandated, nationwide incentives on the horizon. With that knowledge, the solar energy landscape in the US will belong to

those individuals and companies willing to embrace the complexities of solar financing on a state-by-state basis—in each case performing the relentless, but wholly necessary due diligence so that the resulting solar PV projects deliver solid financial benefits and, arguably, more importantly, establish a base of clean, renewable energy.

Wim Goethals serves as Head of Finance Americas for Enfinity America Corporation. Enfinity finances, develops, builds, operates, and maintains commercial solar energy systems. Enfinity America Corporation www.enfinitycorp.com

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A Turning Point for the Concentrated Solar Power Industry Delivering bankable energy solutions By Jayesh Goyal

he potential for the concentrated solar power (CSP) industry to generate electricity has been discussed for years, but the ability to deliver on that potential has never been as good as it is today. The International Energy Agency reported in May 2010 that CSP could provide 11.3% of global electricity by 2050. Meanwhile, the market for CSP plants is expected to grow by 20% annually over the next decade, reaching an estimated installed capacity of more than 20 gigawatts by 2020. States like California and nations like Australia, India, and South Africa are establishing bold renewable energy goals that can only be met with significant input from CSP technologies. Clearly, there is a vast global market for CSP. However, the industry is at a turning point. Many large projects have been announced and power purchase agreements (PPAs) have been signed, yet there have been numerous delays and cancellations, and difficulties in obtaining project financing are creating roadblocks. The key to capitalizing on the market opportunity lies in the ability to get projects financed, and that requires CSP companies to deliver on price and performance promises. Essentially, from a lender’s perspective, the key questions relate to reliability, cost, and performance as follows…

How reliable is the technology?

Demonstrating the reliability of CSP technology is essential. Actual operating plants with historical performance data are the best proof point. Certifications by credible and independent entities are essential to reinforce the claims made by technology players. For example, AREVA Solar has used its Kimberlina plant to demonstrate the reliability of its Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) technology, resulting in the company becoming the first solar steam boiler manufacturer to receive the “S” Stamp Certification from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Getting this kind of third-party certification would have been impossible without having a field installation producing electricity daily. Other CSP firms like eSolar and BrightSource have also built demonstration plants to prove their technology. A prudent approach to reducing risk is to build progressively larger plants so magnifying their scale is not as daunting. The success of these relatively smaller projects reassures traditionally risk-averse utilities that a technology is ready to provide reliable service in today’s market. For example, the successful implementation of solar steam augmentation at the Liddell Power Station in Australia gave the Australian government enough confidence in the technology to commit funding toward a 44 MW booster project at the coal-fired Kogan Creek Power Station. Proving reliability greatly increases the chance that such projects will be funded. Does the price provide a good return?

Numerous large projects have been announced in the past several years, but they haven’t always come to fruition. Many projects secure PPAs at prices that make the returns on the project marginal, so any unforeseen cost increases make the project unviable. This industry problem is what Greentech Media Research analyst Brett Prior pointed to in his recent posting, “A signed PPA isn’t enough. Why? Economics.” Prior states: “Many of these PPAs have prices that won't allow for a reasonable return for the equity investor (8% to 9% unlevered, or 13% to 16% levered) and, as such, they likely won't be able to attract the funds required to build the project.” Companies need to be realistic about their pricing outlook and build in contingencies for cost and schedule overruns. PPAs are important, but success as an industry will be measured by an ability to provide high-performance installations at 12

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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The Kimberlina Solar Thermal Power Plant in Bakersfield, California is the first new CSP plant to come online in California in nearly 20 years, and the first in the US to utilize Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) technology.

This 9 MW solar steam system boosts power at the coal-fired Liddell Power Station in New South Wales, Australia, making it the world’s first solar/coalfired augmentation facility in the world. a competitive price. Put simply, can we deliver? The answer: yes. We’ve seen the photovoltaic sector lower costs as technologies have advanced and the supply chain has been streamlined. The same trend is expected in CSP as more plants get built and large industrial players bring their supply chain and scale efficiencies to these projects. This will allow firms to provide market-competitive pricing with assured returns for the investor. Who is guaranteeing delivery and performance?

Unsteady financial markets and uncertain tax policies have led to a situation where many projects, even when they get private financing, are structured in such a manner that the room for error and the chances for a safe return are slim. To put this in perspective, since 2002 slightly more than 50% of renewable projects have either been delayed or cancelled, according to the California Public Utilities Commission. After ‘transmission,’ ‘financing’ was cited as the top barrier to development. Since there are market and technology risks that could jeopardize returns, CSP companies need to be able to offer customers credible schedule and performance guarantees. Because many CSP companies are start-ups, they do not have the strong balance sheet needed to provide credible guarantees that would enable them to secure project financing. That is why some CSP companies are seeking to pair their technology with the financial backing of large, industrial players. In March, AREVA purchased the CSP start-up Ausra to form AREVA Solar. Similarly, Siemens purchased Israel’s Solel in October 2009, and Alstom recently announced a minority stake in BrightSource. The financial backing of these major players is needed to signal to power customers that CSP projects can provide safe returns on an investment. In the end, credibility based on execution and financial strength will likely be the critical factor for success in the industry. As project financing shakes out, it’s anticipated the market will be dominated by a few strong players that can successfully answer investors’ make-or-break questions. Jayesh Goyal is the VP of North American Sales for Mountain View, California-based AREVA Solar, Inc. AREVA Solar, Inc. | www.areva.com

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solar energy

Solar Racking, IBC & Taking the Time to Protect Yourself By Wolfgang Fritz

he US market, once the leader in solar energy manufacturing and development around the world, has recently lost its lead. However, energy experts in Europe predict the US will likely surpass Japan and Germany in solar power market share in years to come, making it the largest photovoltaic (PV) market on the globe. In fact, despite a rocky economy in 2009, the US PV industry still managed to expand by 38% in installed capacity while total installed cost of solar systems dropped by 10%. The design of mounting systems for solar installations of all types should follow the latest building codes to provide owners, investors, insurance companies, and municipalities with security that the systems will be safe over the lifetime of the structure. Unfortunately, the codes have not been able to keep up with the rapid development within the industry; thereby, leaving designers with a lot of room for interpretation and uncertainty. Rigorous structural analysis of the racking systems cannot only ensure stakeholders of the integrity of a system, but also yield significant potential for optimization, as well as cost savings. In the United States, the governing body for all structural design pertaining to buildings is the International Building Code (IBC). At the moment, the 2006 Edition is still widely used in the building industry while the 2009 Edition was recently issued. With specific regard to minimum design loads for buildings and other structures, the IBC refers to the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Standard 7. This standard addresses the calculations of design loads for dead, wind, and snow loads, which are generally the most common for solar power installations in the majority of states within the US. In order to perform the design in accordance with IBC, the following questions have to be answered first: In which state is the system located and in what municipality or zip code will it be constructed? These questions are very important as wind and snow conditions vary significantly throughout the United States. Is the system roof- or ground-mounted? For roof-mounted structures, the PV system is generally considered a component of an existing building; whereas, for ground-mounted structures, the PV installation is consid-

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Is the site located on the seashore, on open fields with scattered obstructions, or in a forest or a city center? Depending whether or not the approaching wind will encounter obstructions before meeting with the structure has a big influence on forces exerted on the system, and even snow accumulation around solar panels. Once all questions are answered, the design work can begin. The wind speed can now be converted into a wind pressure and factors for wind direction, gust effect, structure height, exposure, terrain, and structural importance have to be applied. The magnitude of these coefficients also depends on the size of the installation. ASCE 7 provides charts and tables to aid in the design, but the decision of which graph to use is in part left to the designer. After the wind loads are determined, they have to be combined with the snow and dead loads using load factors provided by the IBC. Each member has to be designed separately taking into account its geometry, location within the system, and material properties. The structural analysis will then yield forces that have to be transferred to the underlying building structure in case of roof-mounted installations, or to the soil for ground-mounted arrays. In the latter case, soil tests, including tests for corrosion potential, need to be performed to ensure a safe and economical design that can endure a design life of 20 to 30 years. The building code also allows for the use of wind tunnel tests to assess the wind loads on structures such as PV systems on roofs. Seeing that solar power systems on roofs have become popular only in recent years, wind tunnel tests can be very useful to assess loads on the systems if they are performed correctly. While the code provides requirements how they should be performed, it is often hard for a building or for permit officials to determine whether or not the assumptions made are appropriate. For wind tunnel tests to be adequate and code compliant, they have to be performed using a boundary layer model, which accounts for variations in wind speed with height and models turbulent wind conditions as found around building structures correctly. The most common wind tunnel tests used in the car industry employ only laminar flow regimens, which are not representative of conditions around buildings and generally yield lower design forces. Building officials need to be aware of the various tests available to make an educated decision about structural design calculations provided by designers. Solar PV installations represent a large investment for developers and owners of systems. Rigorous structural analysis in support of the design of these systems in accordance with the local building codes provides stakeholders of PV systems with BOOTH 1625 the necessary security that the system will be safe over its entire lifetime. It is very important for owners of systems and building officials to request detailed structural analysis to ensure a safe design over the lifetime of the structure, so the potential for failures of systems during extreme weather events, as well as the impact to life and property can be minimized. Officials, developers, and owners should not hesitate to ask the racking manufacturer for detailed calculations in addition to standard verbiage letters stating that the codes were followed. After all, any failure of a system will not only result in potential loss of property, investment, and human INTERLOCKING SYSTEM life, but will inevitably also taint a still young but fast growing industry as a whole. SET SPACING BAR SEISMIC RATED EDPM PADDING

ALTERNATIVES

Wolfgang Fritz, Ph.D., P.E. is the vice president of engineering for Schletter Inc. Schletter Inc. | www.schletter.us

WWW.APALTERNATIVES.COM

Modular Solar Racking for Ground and Roof Mounts SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

Next on the list of information needed are the surroundings of the project site.

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ered a building itself. The way wind influences the system and, hence, the design forces are very different in either case. The building code clearly prohibits the designer from assuming a component to be designed as a building itself unless it is over 700 ft2, which is generally never the case for a roof-mounted solar installation.

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Solar thermal solutions Solar Skies Mfg. is now offering a full line of stainless steel, high-performance storage and drain back tanks and components. The tanks are: SRCC OG300 certified; easy to install and maintain; available with or without heat exchangers; made of a durable outer shell for rust and impact resistance; environmentally safe and CFC-free; and, offer water blown insulation. Solar Skies Mfg., LLC manufactures solar thermal collectors and distributes solar tanks and components for both residential and commercial use. The SRCC-rated collectors and solar tanks are offered in a multiple of series and a wide range of sizes. To ensure they continue to offer valued services and products to customers, Solar Skies has relocated to a 40,000-square-foot facility, designed to support lean manufacturing principles, which ultimately deliver greater value and turn-around time. Solar Skies | www.solarskies.com

Solar converter step-up transformer Pacific Crest Transformers offers the SPSU photovoltaic solar converter step-up transformer, ideal for connecting solar farms to the electricity grid at large-scale solar power installations. Reliable and efficient, the SPSU is uniquely designed for the additional loading associated with non-sinusoidal harmonic frequencies often found in inverter-driven transformers. An innovative system of multiple windings reduces transformer costs and minimizes transformer footprint by combining the step-up function to fewer transformers than other systems. The SPSU model features circular windings that spread the radial forces evenly over their circumference and have cooling ducts throughout the coils, eliminating hot spots that lead to premature breakdown and transformer failure. Coil end blocking with heavy duty three-gauge steel bracing and proprietary pressure plates contains the axial forces exerted during a fault condition. These forces can cause telescoping of the coils, shortening transformer life. Designed and constructed to meet and exceed earthquake standards, the SPSU PV solar converter step-up transformer also incorporates a variety of fluids, including less flammable fluids required for enclosed applications. Pacific Crest Transformers www.pacificcresttrans.com

solar energy PV coating technology & vacuum solutions Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum presents the UNIVEX research and experimental coating system, along with their new DRYVAC pump systems. The full-line vacuum portfolio supports all manufacturing processes within PV applications in the rough, medium, high, and ultra-high vacuum regime. Pumping technologies, systems, and services include components, standardized systems, and fully customized vacuum solutions. The product range comprises oil sealed rotary vane and piston pumps, dry compressing and oil-free pumps, vacuum boosters, turbomolecular, oil diffusion and cryogenic vacuum pumps, as well as standard and customized research coating systems. From the research stages of PV and nano technologies, Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum offers customers optimized vacuum solutions, driving down cost of ownership and enhancing production reliability and profitability. Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum www.oerlikon.com/leybold | www.leyboldchampion.com

Micro-inverter for monocrystalline & polycrystalline PV modules

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Direct Grid Technologies, LLC has announced a new series of OEM grid-tie micro-inverters that mate to a variety of monocrystalline and polycrystalline type modules. The DGM-S250 offers a power output of 250 watts, and the DGM-S460 offers an unprecedented 460 watts. Similar to its predecessor, the DGA Series, the DGM Series units use Direct Grid’s unique closed-loop MOSFET planar architecture, which offers high power and excellent thermal management—resulting in unparalleled efficiency and reliability. The DGM-S250 is designed to mate with a single 60 cell 210-240 watt module while the DGM-S460 is suited to mate with a two 60 cell 210-240 watt modules. For original equipment manufacturers, power tracking voltage inputs can be modified to suit custom maximum power point ranges. The SMART DGM Series also includes Echelon communication that permits each micro-inverter in the network to communicate with a remote access node. Power data, temperature, diagnostics, and unique identification code are routinely collected from each micro-inverter, and this network communication provides theft deterrence. The resulting data can be graphically presented to end-users for easy system monitoring. Certifications targeted for the DGM Series will include UL1741/IEEE1547, VDE 0126, FCC Part15, and CE. Direct Grid Technologies, LLC www.directgrid.com

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Solar combiner conﬁgurator Bentek Solar offers manufacturing and engineering solutions for complex electro-mechanical and power distribution systems for the semiconductor and solar industries. The company recently launched the Bentek Solar Configure-To-Order (CTO) Solar Combiner Configurator. The Bentek Solar CTO configurator simplifies the configuration and quoting of custom CTO solar combiners. This tool has been designed to meet the needs of the marketplace for fast, accurate response to system designs and costs for complex components, and provides quotes to customers within 24 hours or less. Bentek Solar | www.benteksolar.com

Will your module last? Put it to the test. Encapsulation for semiconductor & solar applications Greene, Tweed is continuing to enable the next generation of semiconductor and solar technology, expanding their ProTechna encapsulation capability to provide the ultimate level of protection in critical applications. ProTechna safeguards sensitive components, eliminating direct exposure to damaging conditions such as temperature, plasma, chemical, and abrasion. This enhanced protection minimizes harmful particulation, extends operational service life, and maximizes production capabilities. As part of the company’s portfolio of OpTegra integrated solutions, Greene, Tweed’s ProTechna capability offers custom solutions that solve critical environmental challenges to maximize production. Their engineers evaluate each customer application, providing technical expertise to select the material and design a solution with the ultimate level of protection and performance for critical components. From process doors to chamber lids and gates, ProTechna shields components from aggressive chemical and thermal attack in semiconductor and solar production. ProTechna also enables multiple components to be integrated into a single-part solution. This part count reduction simplifies installation, as well as reduces inventory and maintenance costs. Greene, Tweed | www.gtweed.com

Your company may be a market leader, but are your products ready for the long haul? One sure way to know is to employ Atlas testing products and services designed specifically for the solar energy market. With our proprietary Atlas 25PLUS Comprehensive Test Program, we can determine how PV modules will stand up to UV, salt spray corrosion, moisture, heat, freezing temperatures and extreme outdoor conditions. Put the elements to work for you and gain a reputation for reliability and durability. Visit www.solardurability.com today to request a free white paper on the Atlas 25PLUS program.

Introducing the new Atlas XR360 PV Module Weather Durability Testing System Combining the advancements in environmental chamber and xenon solar simulation technology, the XR360 comes in three models with capacity to test more than 90% of current PV modules. • Chamber is equipped with four high performance water-cooled xenon arc lamps • Full climatic functionality • Expanded capability to run IEC environmental tests

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solar energy

The Key to Getting the Highest Solar Module Quality & Performance How and why PTC Ratings work By Alan King

he Standard Testing Conditions (STC) ratings provided by solar module man- Conditions that manufacturers report and, therefore, more indicative of the real ufacturers have long been the solar industry’s de facto method of identifying a amount of solar energy a module will generate. There is a growing perception that, given module’s anticipated electrical output. However, the test that most accurately because of the STC test’s highly controlled environment, STC ratings over-report reflects the electrical output of a given module is that performed under PVUSA and under-deliver electricity output. This inaccuracy concerns solar module purTesting Conditions, known as PTC ratings. chasers and project designers who want to invest in modules that deliver the maxiIn California, PTC ratings are required for modules to be eligible to receive mum amount of energy and fastest ROI. PTC ratings are typically approximately California Energy Commission (CEC) incentive funds through the California Solar five percent lower than STC ratings, and are increasingly used by project developInitiative, and can be a factor in determining the amount of rebates a system owner ers to model the expected power output of systems. receives. PVUSA Test Conditions measure a solar photovoltaic (PV) module’s The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) and the California Energy power output at atmospheric conditions that more closely resemble true solar and Commission (CEC) began administering the California Solar Incentive (CSI) climatic variable conditions than those simulated by Standard Testing Conditions. A program in 2007. The CEC created a performance-based system of incentives to higher PTC rating indicates higher actual on-site solar energy production per-watt determine the amount of rebates to which a given installation is entitled. CEC installed, which leads to faster return on investment. In the 1990s, a group of public and private corporations To learn more about PTC ratings, collaborated with the US government to create a national visit: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995pgec.rept...... cooperative research project called Photovoltaics for Utility Scale Applications (PVUSA), whose purpose was to assess the viability of utility scale PV electric systems and new PV To learn more about PTC ratings for companies and modules, visit: technology. PVUSA developed a rating methodology for PV www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-300-2008-007/CEC-300-2008-007-CMF.PDF module performance evaluation and performed its first tests at a University of California, Davis solar farm that was conFor a list of modules that qualify for CSI rebates, go to: structed by PG&E in 1986 and sold to the California Energy http://www.gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov/equipment/pvmodule.html Commission in 1997. The test objectives were: 1. Evaluate the performance, reliability, and cost of promising PV modules and balance-of-system (BOS) components side-by-side at a single location; assess PV system operation and maintenance in a utility setting; 2. Compare US utilities’ hands-on experience in designing, procuring, and operating PV systems; and, 3. Document and disseminate knowledge gained from the project. Although initially designed for utility scale installations, the PVUSA rating method has become a PV rating standard for solar modules in a variety of applications (including residential and commercial), and is now required to enter the California Energy Commission’s rebate program. PVUSA’s Testing Conditions collect data on a module’s power output for a designated period of time under conditions of 1,000 Watts per square meter solar irradiance, 20° Celsius air temperature, and a wind speed of one meter per second at 10 meters above ground level. The solar industry considers these test conditions to be more reflective of real-world solar and climatic conditions than the Standard Test

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rebates are awarded based on the expected performance of the specific installation to ensure that California proportionally rewards PV systems that provide maximum solar generation. Per CSI requirements, solar generating equipment and modules must be PTC-rated and listed by the CEC and, at least, have a 10-year warranty to be eligible for incentive payments. California has been a leader in the solar industry and is currently the only state to which PTC ratings are directly pegged to incentives. The California Energy Commission’s decision to reward top-performing systems (as measured by their PTC ratings) has benefited California’s solar industry because it ensures that system owners get the greatest energy production per rate-payer dollar. Higher-quality solar installations deliver better power performance in the field, which directly translates to higher rebates in California that help end-users manage costs. Alan King is the vice president of sales for the United States Division of Canadian Solar, Inc. Canadian Solar | www.canadian-solar.com

High efficiency by 3-Level Topology 650V 3-Level-Modules with PressFIT-Technology Infineon‘s new family of 3-Level Inverter modules offers significant advantages for designing highly efficient UPS and solar inverters. the three level inverter proves to be an attractive candidate for low and medium power low voltage applications which require high switching frequencies, complex filtering and high efficiency like double conversion UPS and solar inverters. Integrating all elements of a phase leg into one module optimises stray inductance and handling efforts. ■

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solar energy

Thermostats vs. Hygrostats: Condensation Control in Electronic Enclosures Energy savings alone are enough to justify the decision By Gary Silk

Condensation: An overlooked cause of failure

Condensation causes electrical and electronic components housed in enclosures to fail prematurely. At up to 65% relative humidity, the probability that condensation will form remains low. Condensation can be eliminated, however, by keeping the environment inside an enclosure at a temperature of as little as 9° F (5° C) higher than that of the ambient air. The warmer the air, the more water vapor it can contain. When air cools it can no longer hold the water vapor it contains, and reaches what is called the “dew point”—where condensation occurs. Outdoor equipment in renewable energy applications such as grid-tie matching inverters, pitch and yaw control controls for wind turbine applications, and tracking

control systems for solar applications are particularly at risk as condensation occurs with the shift between daytime warming and nighttime cooling. Even indoor systems can be susceptible to the formation of condensation through humidity and temperature variations. Enclosure heaters and controls

Heaters are typically applied to enclosures that house electronics for two reasons: 1. To keep the electronics above a safe minimum operating temperature, typically 32° F or 0° C; and, 2. To control condensation from forming on electronic components. Heaters should be operated by control devices such as thermostats, hygrostats, or a combination device called a hygrotherm.

Thermostats vs hygrostats

The following focuses on condensation control while comparing the use of thermostats and hygrostats to determine which control device is best for controlling condensation. Heating requirements of a typical application

One representative application is solar tracking controls. Typically, a NEMA 4 enclosure houses the tracker control system. Enclosure sizes vary, but a common size is 36" H x 24" W x 10" D. Engineers wanting to develop one product solution that can be applied throughout North America must design the thermal management system to handle ambient temperatures as low as -40° F (-40° C), and dew points in the high 70° F range. Common practice is to keep the interior of the enclosure at or about 40° F (4° C). To maintain the enclosure interior at or above 40° F (4° C), in this example, a heater with at least 700 watts of heating power would be required. This same heater also has enough capacity to control condensation. To isolate the condensation control aspect of the thermal management system, it is necessary to focus on the operation of the heater only at temperatures above the minimum safe operating temperature of 40° F (4° C). Controlling condensation using a thermostat

To use a thermostat to control condensation, it would have to be set at the high 70° F range. For this example, a temperature of 77° F (25° C) has been chosen. The heating power required to raise the interior temperature of the enclosure, from the base heating level of 40° F (4° C) to 77° F (25° C), is approximately 335 watts. Only when the dew point is actually at 77° F is the 335 watts of heat really needed. Since the heater will be energized at all temperatures up to and including 77° F, the energy and heater life are being wasted at all times when the dew point is below 77° F. Assuming the heater runs 50% of the time, the basis to determine how much energy is used and the cost of that energy can be established. This correlates to a total of 4380 hours of an 8760-hour year the heater will be operating—due to the thermostat being set at 77° F (25° C) versus 40° F (4° C). Using the required 335W of heat and the current average cost of energy in the US, which is about nine cents per kilowatt hour, approximately 1467 kilowatt hours of electricity is used per year to eliminate condensation incidents at a total annual cost of about $132 per tracking system controller. 20

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Controlling condensation using a hygrostat

A hygrostat switches a contact energizing the heater based on a relative humidity set point. If a hygrostat is set to 65% R.H., the heater will only have to raise the interior of the enclosure 9° F (5° C) to prevent a condensation event. Again, assuming the heater is running 50% of the time, relative humidity will be above 65%* and the heating power required to raise the temperature by 9° F (5° C) is only 81 watts. Using the same numbers from the above example (4,380 hours x 81 watts = 355 kilowatt hours), at the same nine cents per kilowatt hour, means the cost of controlling condensation using a hygrostat would be about $32 per year. Compared to the $132 per year using a thermostat, this yields a cost savings of about $100 per year. Although the hygrostat is about four times the cost of a thermostat, the increased cost is made up very quickly from the energy savings. Cold winters & humid summers

In many geographic areas of North America, the temperature gets colder than the electronics minimum safe operating temperature, and opposite season dew points above 65% are common. In these areas, a dual-function hygrotherm is the optimum control device. A hygrotherm combines the functions of a thermostat and a hygrostat, so that the same heater will be energized either when heat is required due to low ambient temperatures or when the relative humidity is high enough to cause a condensation event. Conclusion

Hygrostats are a much more energy efficient control device for ensuring control system enclosures remain condensation free. *Assuming relative humidity will be above 65% half of the time is a very conservative estimate. Assuming relative humidity was above 65% for a lesser percentage of the time, which is more realistic, would result in the cost savings associated with using a hygrostat being even greater as the heater would be energized less than 50% of the time. STEGO, Inc. | www.stegousa.com

Second-generation micro-inverter In 2010, Delta Energy Systems started development of the next-generation micro-inverter known as the SOLIVIA .25 M. The SOLIVIA .25 M micro-inverter, expected to ship in Q2 2011, is an exciting addition to the existing SOLIVIA line that includes four new high-efficiency grid-tie inverters for the North American market. Several key benefits become apparent for the SOLIVIA .25 M: they are very compact and easily installed directly within a solar module frame; each unit serves to convert a single solar module’s DC power to grid compliant AC power eliminating the need for expensive DC disconnects and combiner boxes; and, each unit offers per-module Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), which leads to greater efficiency and greater energy harvest from the complete solar array. The SOLIVIA .25 M will have a nominal output power of 250 watts and be oriented to 250 watt poly- and mono-crystalline modules. The micro-inverter is targeted to have a high CEC efficiency of 95.5% and a target MPPT efficiency of 99.9%. The micro-inverter will feature an enclosure protection class of NEMA 6/IP67, and operate in a wide temperature range of -25° C to +85° C, making it ideal for installation in protected outside areas. Delta Energy Systems (Germany) GmbH | www.solar-inverter.com

Ultrasonic reciprocating coating system Sono-Tek Corporation is currently highlighting their ultrasonic coating equipment, including a high-speed ultrasonic reciprocating coating system, HyperSonic. The HyperSonic system is designed to coat large area solar glass (up to 122cm) with uniform, thin-film anti-reflective coatings. SonoTek’s ultrasonic coating technology applies an optimum anti-reflective layer, maximizing the light available for conversion and increasing transmission over the sun’s incident angles. Traditional CVD and PVD for solar glass coatings are expensive, slow batch manufacturing processes. Pressure nozzles are capable of spraying anti-reflective suspensions; however, they have critical process limitations. Significant overspray and clogging, along with poor deposition control and inconsistent uniformity are major drawbacks to pressure nozzle technology. Sono-Tek’s ultrasonic nozzles are able to overcome these limitations with minimal bounceback and overspray, non-clogging performance, and uniform thin-film coatings. The benefits of ultrasonic coating include the ability to control thickness of deposition, drop size control (by varying nozzle frequency), and tight drop distribution resulting in precise, uniform deposition. Ultrasonic nozzles are ideal for spraying nanosuspensions, commonly used in anti-reflection coatings, as the continuous ultrasonic vibration of the nozzle deagglomerates particles and keeps them evenly suspended in solution. Sono-Tek | www.sono-tek.com

solar energy

Smarter Management of Solar Power By Darren Hammell

he sun is not always shining. On a second-by-second basis the sun is more difficult to predict than the wind. A passing cloud can take a one-megawatt solar array from 100% down to 10% capacity in a couple of seconds, whereas blowing wind tends to drop off more gradually. Fortunately, the sun is also predictable. It will rise in the morning and reach its peak intensity close to when the electric grid is struggling the mostâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;hot summer days in the late afternoon and evening. Although many believe grid-tied photovoltaics are already a cost-effective investment for society and societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s electrical needs, it would certainly be better if those pesky solar problems of unpredictability and intermittency could be solved. Though doing so will take effort by all industry stakeholders, there are already some ways to integrate a commercial-scale solar array with buildings and the electric grid to the benefit of the system owner and the grid as a whole.

Integration with on-site generators

When the grid goes down, a solar array shuts off. Many sites, particularly agricultural, have diesel generators that will turn on to provide backup power, but the array will

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sit idle. This type of installation, which covers almost every commercial-scale installation, adds intermittency to the solar equationâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the electric grid reliability itself. It is possible to integrate arrays with on-site generators, allowing the array to continue operating when the grid goes down, but many customers arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t aware that this is an option. Integrating solar with on-site generators can save fuel and money while increasing a customerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s positive perception of their solar system, all at a nominal cost.

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Trimming backloads during a gridâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s peak usage times provides clear benefits to the electric grid and, as time-of-use pricing becomes prevalent, provides economic benefits to the user. Noncritical loads can be shut off at peak times, or heating and cooling loads can be shifted earlier or later to minimize energy consumption during certain times of day. Load curtailment does not have to be simply â&#x20AC;&#x153;on or off.â&#x20AC;? Imagine a variable speed motor drive that dynamically controls the speed of a pump or fan to reduce its energy use when there is less power coming from the array. By combining these two functions, the load profile of the motor can be completely flattened, saving money and supporting the electric grid. Energy storage

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Integrating an energy storage system, such as batteries, with the solar array provides a broad range of additional possibilities. With proper controls and communications, the solar resource can be viewed by the grid operator as truly predictable and reliable, responding to price signals, time-of-use needs, and providing grid support functions in real-time.

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Microgrids

When multiple loads, storage, and generation sources are managed effectively, the value, reliability, and security of an energy system are maximized, and this is the basis of the idea behind microgrids. From the user perspective, all available resources are being utilized to their maximum efficiency and effectiveness, based on the price signals and environmental signals available. For the grid operator, an end-user microgrid provides a redundant method for ensuring the safety and security of the grid.

Lightweight density micro-inverter SPARQ Systems Inc. has launched its first product, a reliable, high-efficiency compact micro-inverter for use with solar photovoltaic panels. A powerful energy harvester, SPARQ’s microinverter systems are 30% more efficient than conventional string inverter technology, operating even under very low light conditions, or under partial shading or snow—turning on earlier in the morning and working later in the evening. And, because SPARQ micro-inverters allow each PV panel to operate independently, they eliminate the “Christmas tree” effect of conventional string inverter systems, where the shading or failure of one unit affects nearby panels. This makes the SPARQ micro-inverter uniquely suited to urban areas, where light conditions are highly variable. The SPARQ product also features an industry first: a 25-year lifespan, which exceeds that of solar panels.

Other distributed generation

The same opportunities and advantages of combining existing generators, load control, communications, and storage apply not only to solar, but also many other forms of distributed generation. Wind energy, wave and tidal power, and other alternative energy sources could benefit from integrating more closely with the electric grid and the user’s facility. Integrating with the electric grid

Most of these options are cost-effective for the commercial solar array owner, whether it is the host site or a separate entity through a power purchase agreement. However, things like large-scale energy storage provides benefits to the electric grid that are not easily monetized by the installer of the storage. For this reason, groups including the US Department of Energy (DOE) are incentivizing the development of new technologies that will help the industry climb down the cost curve much faster. The DOE’s Solar Energy Grid Integration Systems (SEGIS) program emphasizes the development of advanced inverters, controllers, and other balance-of-system components for PV distributed power applications that are “behind the meter.” Not only will this accelerate the adoption of higher-value solar arrays that include load control, communications, and energy storage, it is necessary to have these technologies available once the penetration levels of “intermittent generation resources” like solar and wind reach high enough levels. Conclusion

For marginal or no cost, solar systems can be made to integrate better with existing customer and electric grid infrastructure in ways that are cost-effective for all stakeholders. These solutions exist today, but are rarely used as they are seen as only adding complexity to an otherwise simple grid-tied solar array. The industry will be doing customers a service, however, by anticipating the longer-term issues that occur with high-penetration levels of solar and other alternative resources, while learning about the solutions that are available. Darren Hammell is the co-founder of Princeton Power Systems, and currently serves as the company’s executive VP of Business Development. Princeton Power Systems www.princetonpower.com

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solar energy

Planning of PV systems & multiple PV arrays

All-purpose modules

Securing PV cells

ClearPower CS5T, designed for skylights, carports, greenhouse roofing, facades, and applications requiring light transmission, is a robust solar standardized module with a tempered glass front, transparent backsheet, and anodized black (or silver) aluminium frame. ClearPowerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s junction box is specially designed and positioned behind a solar cell for a more aesthetic appearance. Canadian Solar also offers MaxPower CS6X, a robust solar module with 72 solar cells. Applications include utility commercial/industrial roof-tops, rural area applications, and other on-grid and off-grid applications. The companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s meticulous design and production techniques ensure a high-yield, as well as longterm performance for every module produced. Their rigorous quality control and in-house testing facilities guarantee Canadian Solarâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s modules meet the highest quality standards.

Bryce Fastener, Inc. presents a high-tech security nut called the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Penta Nutâ&#x20AC;? that is simple, foolproof, and inexpensive. Specifically designed to repel all security bit tips and vice grips, the Penta Nut is perfect for securing PV cells and related assets at a solar installation from theft. Made from high-strength 316 stainless steel, the Penta Nut is both highly durable and corrosion resistant. Todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s renewable energy solutions such as solar panels and wind turbines require a significant investment. Equally significant security measures need to be taken to protect those investments. Bryce Fastener has spent years of research and development to make one of the most secure fastener locking systems available. Bryce Fastener, Inc. | www.brycefastener.com

Canadian Solar | www.canadiansolar.com

PV*SOL Expert, the dynamic simulation program with 3D visualization and detailed shading analysis of PV systems from Valentin Software, is now available in Version 4.5 with Photo Planâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the integrated photo dimensioning program. Using a digital photo of the installation site, the roof, and the planned PV system can be presented photorealistically, and all essential roof dimensions analyzed. In addition to photorealistic presentation, the 3D visualization in PV*SOL Expert 4.5 offers many new design objects. In the terrain view menu, there is now a universal object in cylinder form and a bay window, and the building view menu now has an air outlet pipe, saw tooth roof, fire wall, projecting roof, satellite dish, parapet, and maintenance path. Also new, the multiple coverage feature, which allows several buildings or dormers to be covered with PV modules, as can bay windows, walls, saw tooth roofs, and projecting roofs. PV*SOL Expert offers an excellent new side menu with a tree structure showing inverter configuration and associated functions. By clicking on an element in the structure, the selected system part with inverter configuration is highlighted and the camera zooms in on it. The side menu can be hidden as required. Valentin Software | www.valentin-software.com

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Solar tracking drives for CSP power generation systems Cone Drive Gearing Solutions has developed a precision solar tracking drive design scalable to any mirror surface area. The key to the design is Cone Driveâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s true double enveloping worm gear technology, which provides greater durability and precision. The overall tracking drive gear ratio can be 100,000:1 or larger to provide extremely high-resolution mirror movements. The tracking drive accuracy is maintained through the power generation system lifetime. The custom design of the tracking drive focuses on providing the lowest cost solution that exceeds the application performance specifications. Cone Drive Operations Inc. | www.conedrive.com/solar

Slide-in system for thin-ďŹ lm solar installation Bosch Rexroth offers an innovative slide-in system for installing frameless thin-film solar modules made by Bosch Solar Energy AG. The ideally matched combination between support and PV module enables solar modules to be installed twice as fast as they would with conventional mounting systems. Speed is assured due to the reliable, easy to use slide-in technology, which relies on tracks instead of the usual clamps. The PV modules are simply inserted into the guide pieces and fastened instantly. The system cuts installation time in half to 15 seconds per module, meaning nearly twice as many modules can be installed using Rexroth slide-in technology as they would using a conventional, four-point clamping system in the same amount of time. As installation brackets and clamps are no longer required, material costs are also reduced by about 40%. The system is built on a base frame, which features variable table lengths, bracket spacing, and insert depth. Together with the slide-in track, the frame forms a complete unit, which securely encloses solar modules on a permanent basis. With their hardened front glass, Bosch Solar Energyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s micromorph thin-film solar modules can withstand mechanical loads up to 2,400 Pascal in this mounting system. This corresponds to 350 kilograms of weight acting on the module. Bosch Rexroth www.boschrexroth-us.com

www.wielandinc.com

North American Clean Energy

solar energy

Key BeneďŹ ts of Roll Form Technology By Brian Rodgers

he solar industry is a rapidly growing and expanding market. This is primarily due to the cost of energy, which has dropped significantly in the past few years. This decrease is attributed to the intense price competition among cell and module manufacturers. However, cost reductions are also available in the mounting and racking system. With this continued growth and need for low-cost mounting and racking systems, the benefits of roll forming can be used to an advantage.

Roll Forming and how it works

The processes most commonly used in todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s metal forming industry are extrusion, press brake, and stamping. Despite its long history as a highly effective, proven process, roll forming is still widely misunderstood and underutilized. Roll forming excels in applications that require products with high volumes, tight tolerances, and consistent complex cross sections. Roll forming is, in essence, a simple process: a continuous forming operation in which a long strip of metal (typically coiled steel) is passed through consecutive sets of rolls, or stands, at room temperature. Each set of rolls or stands perform incremental parts of the bend until the desired cross-section (profile) is obtained. Technically, the process of roll forming pertains only to the bending of metal; however, its inherent benefits extend far beyond. Many competing production methods require secondary operations such as welding, stamping, embossing, painting, and contouring. Roll forming technology can combine many of these operations into a fully integrated process. This in-line integration eliminates unnecessary part handling and secondary operations; thereby, reducing operational set-up and capital costs.

profile, and high-volume productivity. Roll forming typically creates product runs with superior surface finishes, meeting extremely tight dimensional tolerances, and consistent part uniformity. Material options are extensive and roll forming is able to utilize materials regardless of the type of coating, thickness, or width. Typical roll forming mills can accommodate material gauges ranging from .010" to 1.000" thick. The bend radii will differ based on the profile and application, but one material thickness is the normal inside radius using mild steel and, then, two to three times that in higher strength materials.

Quality advantages

Roll forming offers many distinct advantages when compared to alternative metal forming methods. Most of these come from its ability to accurately process a variety of raw materials, flexibility in the production of multiple lengths having the same

Comparing other metal forming processes to roll forming Extrusion

Generally speaking, the consistency of extrusions compares well to that of rollformed products and carries relatively inexpensive tooling costs. Extrusions can run unlimited lengths of product and multiple cross-sections with the same tooling, at the same time. How8JOE t 4PMBS t (FPUIFSNBM ever, when an overall comparison to roll forming is made, the drawbacks of extrusions become evident. The majority of extruded metal is aluminum. In addition to this lack of variety, the average cost of aluminum is substantially higher than that of steel. Extrusions are also capable of creating complex design features, but if any holes are required, they need to be added in a secondary operation. Roll forming can incorporate punching, embossing, and contouring in-line to add value and significantly reduce operating costs. The extrusion process is limited in regards to the minimum material thickness it can form. The wider a section is, the heavier The success of your investments can ride on the accuracy of your measurements. With 35 years of the wall thickness needs to be for proper proven field experience, unmatched reliability, and exceptional measurement quality, you can trust extruding. The extrusion process also has Campbell Scientific data acquisition systems when your measurements matter. difficulty holding flatness and straightâ&#x2C6;&#x2020; 'JOE PVU NPSF 435.750.1880 8JOE Solar ness tolerances with thin-walled sections. www.campbellsci.com/renewables

Monitoring and Control

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ANNIVERSARY

Comparatively speaking, press brake processing has an advantage over roll

forming in small run quantities. In fact, many roll form sections begin as press brake products. Press brake processingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main benefit is low tooling costs, but that benefit is limited on long lengths and the trade-off of slower production time. Roll forming can produce the exact same sections as press braking at higher rates with better tolerances and fewer visual tooling marks. Because the material enters the mill as a continuous coil, the process creates an exceptionally repeatable section that can be cut to any desired length.

might even be able to combine two or more shapes into one efficient, complex shape. Additionally, simulation software, including FEA (Finite Element Analysis), allows roll designers to accurately model the process to find potential issues before roll tooling is produced and the critical tryout phase begins.

appliances to alternative energy, and practically everything in between, roll forming has helped shape the world we live in. Because of its flexible design capabilities, production efficiency, quality output, and cost-effectiveness, roll forming continues to provide a unique tactical advantage to manufacturers and design engineers working to create innovative solutions using optimized production process technology.

Forming innovation

Roll formed designs are an integral part of many industries, and have been for centuries. From agriculture to aerospace,

RFC | www.frcorp.com

Stamping

In common practice, stamping and roll forming processes rarely compete. Many stamping products are unique in their cross-sectional forms. These parts usually have many profile changes through the length of the part including changes in material thickness. Stamping can produce all of these features in a progressive stamping die by allowing the part to travel from station to stationâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;adding features and forming the product at each stop to produce a finished part. The larger or longer the finished part, the bigger the stamping press required to handle the tonnage required in production. The cost of these dies, especially when compared to roll form tooling, is excessive and usually requires a large capital investment. Advantages that increase with steel strength

Roll forming further separates itself from other metal forming processes when it comes to processing higher strength steels. The same strength requirements can be achieved with less weight by using thinner gauge steel. This weight savings is critical in many industries. The common disadvantage of highstrength metal is less ductility. To create acceptable parts using high-strength steel, stamping, and brake presses need to hit it harder and bend it farther to make it spring back to a desired shape. This one-time hit can cause non-pliable materials to break or tear. During the roll forming process, the material is formed at a gradual, continuous pace. This slower rate helps prevent breakage and tearing. The roll form tooling is more cost-effective than the comparable addition of stamping die sets, and can hold tighter tolerances. Flexible technology for advanced applications

Whether designing a new custom shape or redesigning a part that has been in use for years, experience and the latest technology can help to maximize the roll forming process to create exactly whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needed for a given application. Depending on the application requirements, a good roll form engineer and tooling designer

Bright Thinking in Solar North American Clean Energy

solar energy

Connecting Renewable Energy to the Electric Transmission Grid Trending Toward Innovative HVDC Technology The Neptune RTS undersea cable transmits 500 kVs over 65 miles between Hempstead, New York and Sayreville, New Jersey without the intermediary facilities or energy losses associated with long-haul AC systems.

By Jennifer Rouda & Silvia Yanez

evelopers of grids to serve large-scale solar and wind installations are now considering modern High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) as an appealing business model due to the potential cost savings and environmental advantages for long-haul, point-to-point transmission systems. HVDC systems have unique characteristics that make them smart options for certain electric transmission problems and, from an environmental permitting viewpoint, may have significant advantages given their reduced footprint over long distances, the possibility to efficiently deliver power through existing energy corridors, and the reduced risk of agency and community controversy. Renewables developers recognize HVDCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic value proposition

Although several of the first successful HVDC projects in the US have avoided significant land impacts by using subsea routes, several long-haul HVDC lines are currently proposed to move green power from the rich wind resources in Wyoming and the Plains states to hungry load centers in Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and the East Coast. Although AC systems work well for interconnecting power to the grid locally, when transporting higher voltages over greater distances, developers can realize economic savings with HVDC. For example, compared to HVAC, construction costs for installing HVDC lines are reduced because fewer sets of conductors are required, overhead clearance requirements are reduced, and intermediate stops to deliver power locally (with their added permitting and materials costs) are not required. Additionally, HVDC is more efficient because less energy is lost in transport and can be more controllable in accommodating the load variability typical of renewable resources. Environmental Advantages of HVDC: Reduced footprint saves time & money

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HVDC systems can also have environmental advantages that translate into cost and permitting schedule savings. When compared to AC systems of similar capacity, a major advantage of HVDC systems is the reduced footprint resulting from narrower permanent rights-of-way (ROWs) and the smaller amount of land required to build and operate the converter stations at each end of the line, as opposed to multiple intermediate facilities. Additionally, while converter stations may have associated visual, cultural, noise, or land use impacts, a reduced footprint can equate to diminished biological and cultural survey requirementsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;both time consuming, limiting factors for permitting schedulesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and fewer impacts on land use and wildlife habitat. This is particularly important where ROW grants are expensive to procure or threatened or endangered (T&E) species habitat is present, as T&E species mitigation can be a significant expense in and of itself. The reduced ROW requirements for HVDC are also beneficial for existing congested corridors because replacing existing

AC lines with DC can increase the power transmission capacity in the same available space. AC and DC lines can also coexist within the same already approved, dedicated corridors, assuming reliability requirements are met. According to AREVA, a HVDC solutions supplier, the same tower body, foundation design, and ROW width can support a 220kV AC line or a 380kV DC line that could deliver 300% more power. This significant reduction of materials and land use requirements translates into valuable potential environmental benefits—not only in terms of the permitting process, but also in terms of the use of or effect on resources. Additional HVDC environmental advantages include reduced visual impacts from shorter towers and fewer structures, reduced electric and magnetic fields (EMF), and lower corona effects and radio interference, which may be key community and agency concerns. State renewable performance standards are ratcheting up across the nation with 10% to 40% renewable energy required by most states by between 2015 and 2025. To meet these mandates, the industry must implement creative solutions for delivering solar and wind power from remote locations to city users. According to the Western Wind Solar Integration Study released by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory last May, the Western US energy grid could accommodate up to 35% renewable energy by 2017—assuming significant grid upgrades are completed.

applications for the converter station sites and onshore and offshore transmission line corridors. This process involved early participation of environmental, technical, and legal teams to develop a permitting strategy, meetings, and negotiation with regulatory agencies, and an early focused public involvement process. With this successful strategy, the project was completed ahead of schedule and within budget and constructed in an environmentally sound manner, avoiding major fishery and other environmental and cultural sensitive locations. The project was fully permitted in 2006 and became operational in June 2007. For unique projects like the Trans Bay Cable and Neptune RTS, the cost of installing converters to connect DC segments to the ex-

isting AC grid is often warranted, even for relatively short distances. Considering the reduced environmental impacts and faster permitting schedules, HVDC is a cost-effective strategy, particularly for developers of long-haul transmission projects. Jennifer Rouda is a principal transmission planner, and Silvia Yanez is an environmental engineer with Ecology and Environment, Inc. (E & E). E & E is a global consulting firm currently completing the environmental permitting for several long-haul HVDC projects. Ecology and Environment, Inc. | www.ene.com

R O L L F O R M I N G C O R P O R AT I O N

HVDC Success on Two Coasts: The San Francisco Trans Bay Cable & the Neptune RTS Projects

A unique, offshore HVDC success story is the San Francisco Trans Bay Cable (TBC) project. The 53-mile-long 400 MW HVDC submarine electric transmission line was installed to transfer energy from an existing Pacific Gas and Electric transmission substation in Pittsburg, California to the San Francisco peninsula. HVDC was selected since undersea AC cables incur more line losses, DC power is easier to control, and a DC system could reliably deliver 400 MWs of power to San Francisco. Due to proactive issue identification and active stakeholder engagement, the public/private partnership project completed environmental permitting on schedule and is expected to be operational by late 2010. Another successful HVDC project is the Neptune Regional Transmission System (Neptune RTS). The 65-mile-long, 500-kV subsea HVDC transmission network connects Hempstead, Long Island to Sayreville, New Jersey with 660 MW of transmission capacity. More than 50 miles of the route is undersea in the outer New York Harbor and the Atlantic Ocean, with a small portion of onshore underground line built in an existing ROW. The environmental permitting process included state and federal

Where Innovation Takes Shape.

Strong. Durable. Cost-effective. These are the characteristics you need in solar panel mounting systems — and Roll Forming Corporation can deliver like no one else in the industry. As part of the world’s largest custom roll forming group, with 11 affiliate companies in 10 countries, we leverage the very latest technologies and innovations from around the world to transform your unique vision into reality. Roll Forming Corporation has all the capabilities to deliver above and beyond your expectations. tel: 502-633-4435 fax: 502-633-5824 email: Sales@rfcorp.com www.rfcorp.com

Roll Forming Corporation

North American Clean Energy

solar energy

Encapsulant ﬁlms for PV modules The Dow Chemical Company (Dow) is introducing ENLIGHT Polyolefin Encapsulant Films, which can enhance efficiencies in PV module production and lead to lower conversion costs. The films also can provide greater module stability and improved electrical performance versus traditional encapsulants (such as EVA-based products), which improves the reliability and extends the service life of PV modules. The new encapsulant films are suitable for C-Si and thin-film modules. Based on fully integrated polyolefin technology, these encapsulant films: provide Water Vapor Transmission Rates (WVTR) that can range from 10 to 20 times higher than EVA materials; allow excellent adhesion to glass under various lamination conditions; show no creep in use; offer a better matched refractive index to glass compared to EVA; and are listed with Underwriters Laboratories (UL) as “Recognized Components.”

Solar metering pump Larox Flowsys is setting a new industry standard for peristaltic pump technology with their metering pump, the LPP-M. Larox metering pumps are infiltrating the solar sector with applications like solar panel manufacturing, which require pumping chemicals such as silicon, titanium dioxide, and lime. LPP-Ms are ideal for pumping diverse slurries and accurately metering a wide range of media while upholding excellent chemical resistance. The tube technology that is made from thermoplastic materials is designed for the chemical industry to ensure secure operating conditions for both the environment and operators. The LPP-M provides superior accuracy for processes because the flow rate is not affected by variation of the discharge pressure condition. Positive displacement of the tube bore with zero-slip provides same output volume on every cycle. Larox Flowsys Inc. | www.larox.us

The Dow Chemical Company www.dow.com

High-performance fuse & fuseholder combo for PV systems Added to Schurter’s portfolio of products for the solar industry are the new ASO series fuse and FSO series fuseholder, designed to protect DC applications from the potentially devastating effects of low short circuits and overvoltage conditions in systems upwards of 1000 VDC. The new fuse and fuseholder are intended for use in grid or off-grid solar strings, inverters, battery charges, and combiner boxes. The ASO fuse has a quickacting characteristic according to UL 248-14. It is a standard midget size 10.3x38mm size. Current ratings range from 1A to 30A with a breaking capacity of 20 kA, and operating temperature is -40°C to +85°C. The fuseholder mounts in a standard 35 mm DIN Rail. A pressure plate connection accepts 8-14 AWG stranded wires or 10-14 AWG solid wires. Units can be ordered in 1-, 2-, or 3-poles. Both ASO and FSO are cURus agency approved, RoHs compliant and halogen-free. Schurter Inc. www.schurterinc.com/new_fuses

at all AZZ locations

There’s only one way to keep yours untarnished. Galvanize. There’s much more than steel at risk when you consider anything but galvanizing to protect the life of your structure. Strengthen your reputation while going green. Visit us online to learn more. azzgalvanizing.com

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

We Protect More Than Steel.

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Concentration solar power With over 39 years of experience in glass bending and tempering technology, Glasstech introduces the CRB-S 1900 for the Concentration Solar Power market. The CRB-S 1900, capable of producing trough reflector glass shapes up to 1.9 meters in width, is the newest addition to the breakthrough Glasstech CRB-S technology for solar parabolic trough glass shaping and strengthening. The CRB-S technology precisely shapes 4mm low-iron glass up to a width of 1.9 meters, while fully tempering the part. The system consumes less energy than traditional forming methods, as well. All of these advantages, along with flexibility, productivity, and quality, go into a Glasstech system.

Maintenancefree cycling AGM batteries for renewable energy Trojan’s high-quality line of cycling absorbed glass mat (AGM) batteries for renewable energy applications provide optimum performance without the need for maintenance. Featuring advanced design elements like a robust plate structure and a grid-design optimized for high-power density, Trojan’s cycling AGM batteries are low-temperature tolerant, shock and vibration resistant, and have a low internal resistance for higher discharge current and higher charging efficiency. Due to their higher discharge current capacity, AGM batteries are often used for backup power supply or grid-tie with battery backup systems in which the batteries are not cycling on a daily basis. Most commonly used in standby applications, many AGM batteries are not designed for true deep cycle applications. Trojan’s cycling AGM batteries are unique in that they have been designed for true deep cycling applications, combining the convenience of maintenance-free AGM technology with the cycle life needed for demanding renewable energy and backup power applications. Trojan’s durable and long-lasting 12 Volt cycling AGM batteries are available in Group 24, Group 27, or Group 31 sizes.

Glasstech | www.glasstech.com

Get Your Green Light Faster E & E drives schedules for project success. SITING We specialize in streamlining the electric transmission environmental permitting process to meet project schedules. E & E will help you efficiently choose the most viable corridor and reduce the huge volume of geographic information to a few buildable routes.

Trojan Battery Company www.trojanbattery.com/Products/ RenewableEnergy.aspx Transmission Jennifer Rouda (415) 981-2811 jrouda@ene.com Offshore/ Wave Energy Bill Daughdrill (850) 435-8925 bdaughdrill@ene.com

ICC-certiﬁed composition & shake roof mounts Quick Mount PV’s composition and shake roof mounts are now ICC-certified for strength, quality, and waterproofing. With patented technology, these mounts use allaluminum flashing and standoff block, plus stainless steel hardware to ensure a 50-year life. Quick Mounts install faster than any flashed mounting, saving time and money. Quick Mount PV www.quickmountpv.com

Wind Mark Schmitt (716) 684-8060 mschmitt@ene.com

PERMITTING E & E helps clients develop a strategic permitting map. E & E can conduct required studies and prepare all federal environmental impact statements, stateequivalent impact assessments, and local use permits. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT Our job is to work with agencies and the public to identify benefits and site transmission lines to avoid sensitive locations that could delay the schedule.

Solar Nick Figone (415) 981-2811 nfigone@ene.com Geothermal David McIntyre (619) 696-0578 dmcintyre@ene.com Hydroelectric Frank Groznik (503) 248-5600 fgroznik@ene.com Energy Efficiency Mark Casell, LEED-AP, CEM (716) 684-8060 mcasell@ene.com

ecology and environment, inc.

Celebrating 40 Years of Green Solutions www.ene.com

North American Clean Energy

solar energy

Solar hot water systems

Water tank vision & welding machine

Premium Solar LLC is a master distributor for Ezinc’s thermosiphon solar hot water systems. Available in 46-gallon (KG-170) and 80-gallon (KG-300) units, they are certified by the SRCC, FSEC, and Energy Star. The units feature high efficiency, have no moving parts, and require very little maintenance. Hot water is obtainable in all four seasons of the year by capturing the UV light, which means that four hours of partial sunlight per day is all the Ezinc Thermosiphon solar heaters need to produce hot water. The closed-loop, passive system uses glycol to heat the water and does not require a pump or control unit, making it very dependable and great for residential and commercial applications. The Ezinc closed-loop system primarily works by glycol circulation, assisted by gravity. Premium Solar also provides Ezinc SRCC OG 100 certified Solar Thermal Collectors (4 x 8 and 4 x 6.5), and Ezinc 4 x 10 thermal collector is in the process of being certified. Ezinc will also apply for another five different SRCC OG 300 certifications for indirect solar water heating systems by combining Ezinc Collectors made in Turkey and solar tanks made in the US.

SK Brazing Company introduces a Water Tank Vision and Welding Machine to compliment their full production line for hot water solar panel manufacturing. This new machine welds end caps of water storage tanks to water tank bodies using TIG, MIG, plasma, CO2 or laser welding. Water tank production capacity can be increased with high-quality through tight dimensional control, minimal heat distortion, and uniform welding. Assemblies are loaded with or without the end caps spot welded onto the main tank body. If necessary, the machine will start by rotating the assemblies on lathe style fixturing to spot weld, which is critical to minimize heat deformation during final welding. The visioning process then rotates the assemblies to verify tolerancing of the joint circumference between the end caps and tank body, using laser sensors to check the height variation and vision sensors to check the width variation with all measurements displayed on the machine’s Vision Scanning Monitor. If visioning confirms all tolerances are within 5mm, final welding commences. The machine will not weld if the tolerances exceed 5mm. Vision and welding cycle times are typically two to three minutes for tanks between 280mm and 350mm. The machine design is flexible to weld multiple water tank sizes and materials, including stainless steel and aluminum.

Premium Solar LLC | www.presolarnet.com

SK Brazing Company | www.skbrazing.com

Laser technology for CIGS metal coil inspection

Flip-up racking for roof-mounted systems

CIGS production on metal substrates critically depends upon pristine coil quality. Scratches, inclusions, bumps, and dents in the coil translate into efficiency loss due to shunts and shorts. The strip surface must be blemish-free and smooth. Traditional vision systems usually fail at detecting coil defects at the level required (2μm to 10μm) as missed defects and false hits result. Dark Field Technologies has modified its proven, patent-pending laser technology for the in-line inspection of shiny metal coils. This system utilizes proprietary dark field optics and high-speed scan cameras to easily detect scratches and other defects. The systems are 100% solid state, self-aligning, maintenance-free, and are simple to install. NxtGen ReflecXun systems deliver what the current vision systems cannot—high-resolution, reliable, consistent, 100% metrology of shiny steel and aluminum coils for all visual defects. Defect maps, alarms, defect clusters, repeating defects, and other capabilities ensure the quality of the coil, on-line, in real-time. Dark Field Technologies | www.darkfield.com

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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AP Alternatives is a manufacture of modular solar racking systems for commercial and utility scale, field and roof-mount projects. Their newest product, the Solar Ray, is designed for framed modules to be mounted at an angle on a flat roof. The Solar Ray has a unique flip-up feature for easy panel wiring and maintenance. The system requires no penetration to the roof and has low ballast requirements along with a protective seismic rubber padding on all roof interface surfaces. The Solar Ray is a complete interlocking system that requires no pre-layout marking and no measuring when installing. The system can be ordered with the preferred tilt angle and optimal isle spacing between panels for desired access. The Solar Ray is completely prefabricated in-house and requires no drilling or fabrication in the field. Being the manufacture of all of their products, AP Alternatives has designed each racking system to be installer friendly and cost-efficient. AP Alternatives | www.apalternatives.com

wind energy

The Future of Wind Energy By Greg Schulte

vents throughout 2010 have reminded the world of the crucial role that energy plays in our daily lives and in the health of the global economy. With the world’s population expected to reach eight billion by 2030 and the worldwide energy demand expected to grow about 40%, the energy industry will be challenged to provide more reliable, clean, and affordable options than ever before. Without doubt, wind power has caught the nation’s attention as an important part of the energy solution. The US Department of Energy has set a goal of generating 20% of electricity from wind by 2030, and more than half of the states in the US already have utility scale wind farms feeding electricity into local grids. The next 15 years or so will be especially exciting, as new breakthroughs and legislation propel wind energy into the mainstream. For wind power to progress as desired, however, many chips will need to fall into place. Related companies and wind industry leaders must flood the market with innovation, hard work, cooperation, and financial investment. Meanwhile, US legislation must send a long-term signal that the wind power industry needs to invest and grow in a steady, sustained fashion.

Increasing the performance of wind

In the private sector, increasing the performance of wind turbines is an effort that is already underway and will continue to be funded. Wind companies will strive to achieve greater dependability of turbine components, increase efficiencies, and build on recent technological advances. The renewable energy sector will continue to push the limits of today’s technologies and solutions, making the next generation of equipment even better. Improvements across the board

In 2004, Vestas and NEG Micon, a Danish wind turbine manufacturer, merged to become a major player in modern wind energy. In a field in which the only constant is change, the world can expect to see similar events in the coming years. As investors become more interested, legislation is passed, and the demand for wind power grows, today’s companies will continue to be nimble in their offerings and company structure. With research and additional technological advances, these companies will be the driving force behind wind power and its transition as an energy source that’s on par with fossil fuels. Greg Schulte is president and CEO of Bonfiglioli USA, a designer and manufacturer of gear motors, drive systems, and planetary gearboxes. The company also develops systems that integrate electronic, hydraulic, and mechanical engineering. Bonfiglioli USA | www.bonfiglioliusa.com

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Many experts in the field agree that reaching the Department of Energy’s 20% goal by 2030 will require progress in areas across the board, such as: • Increasing the lifecycles of wind turbines by manufacturing more simple and reliable internal parts; • Developing a national super-grid capable of storing wind energy and delivering it efficiently from the sparsely populated areas where it is gathered to more densely populated areas where it is most needed; • Helping energy regulators, legislators, and energy delivery companies create an atmosphere of cooperation that rewards new and innovative ways to deliver larger amounts of wind-generated energy into the system; • Mass-producing turbines to reduce their cost below the current price, which are currently at $3 million each; • Establishing the harnessing of wind energy as an international priority in which corporations, researchers, and individuals build on each other’s successes; • Protecting wind power’s position as an environmentally preferable energy option by seizing all opportunities for improvement, and; • Finding ways to extract more energy from the wind beyond the 80% of the theoretical maximum that most current designs currently obtain. Changes in the industry

The systems of today are not the same systems as ten years, or even five years ago. Inverters are more complex and offer better optimization. Systems that once utilized worm gearboxes have now installed planetary gearboxes or swing gearboxes in larger units. Wind turbines, once weighing in at 3,800 kg, have become lighter—and the trend is expected to continue as blades become more efficient and lightweight. Technology isn’t the only aspect of the wind power industry that has changed in past years; the players have changed, too. There are only a handful of companies who have consistently been under the same management. Even the largest of major manufacturers have experienced changes. For example, in 1997, Enron Wind Systems, part of the Enron group, acquired Zond Corporation of California. At the time, Zond was the United States’ largest developer of wind power. In 2002, Enron Wind was acquired by General Electric, now a global wind turbine supplier. Or, consider Vestas, which sold and installed the first successful wind turbine in 1971.

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wind energy

Optimizing Wind Turbine Controls Isn’t it time to do it? By Fred Belen

iscussed below is a vision for moving from where the industry is today to the progressive improvements now attainable for future wind turbine control. Given that wind turbines have to operate through the dynamics of uncertain and imperfect airflow, sensors and controls can make a major contribution to performance and profitability. The existence of nacellemounted look-ahead laser wind sensors, capable of not only high data rates, but also various schemes to map the inflow, leads to the developmental path discussed below (also illustrated in the diagram). Incremental improvements in turbine efficiency and stress control are expected at each stage leading to an optimized control/sensor suite.

Thirdly, the information measured at the rear of the turbine is obtained after the air mass has passed the turbine. There is, therefore, no possible way to have proactive, anticipatory, or feed-forward control using this data. Installation of strain measurement into the blades, towers, shafting, or other components gives an indication of operating conditions. These stresses and strains can be linked to a feedback control loop. While this provides one direct measurement of the turbine’s interaction with the wind, it only generates a sensed control trigger after the mechanisms have already experienced excess stress and strain. Stress and vibration data is difficult to use for discerning whether a yaw or blade pitch correction is needed. Using strain feedback, the duration of this undesirable condition can be reduced, but events still use up the finite fatigue life of the components prematurely. This approach also increases the cost of the blades and other instrumented components. Improving yaw control brings big gains

The addition of a forward measuring laser wind sensor provides the control system accurate wind direction information in the undisturbed flow as it approaches the wind turbine. Tests using just this more accurate wind direction information have demonstrated both significant increased power output and reduced stresses from better alignment to the wind. A forward-looking laser not only provides a more accurate flow direction, but the absence of blade wake effects allows this information to be fed to the control system without long averaging periods. Less averaging informs the control system of the actual flow dynamics as they occur. By virtue of the laser wind sensor measuring wind at various ranges in front of the wind turbine, control actions gain anticipatory data for feedforward controlling. This can be implemented as merely a timing advantage to reduce lag in yaw corrections, as well as the ability to track wind changes and gusts to determine not only their predicted time of arrival at the wind turbine, but also to inform the control logic with information on the “depth” or duration of an approaching gust.

Why is it needed?

Intelligent blade pitch adds more beneﬁt

Collecting wind data at the rear of the wind turbine nacelle results in several significant compromises. First, both the effect of the bluff body of the nacelle itself and the blade blockage effects on the airflow have to be corrected using wind speed dependent transfer functions. These empirical correction factors do not account for any flow regimes other than perfect yaw alignment, so in periods of even the slightest misalignment to the wind, the transfer function no longer accurately corrects the measurement. Secondly, the flow encountered at the rear of the nacelle is heavily affected by the wash or wake of the passing blades. Current practice is to use long (up to 10 minutes), rolling or binned averages to smooth out the wake impulses. Not only is this imprecise, but it also disguises actual fluctuations in the wind and drastically affects the response time of the control system.

A laser wind sensor looking ahead in the inflow can also provide the blade pitch control logic with wind speed changes and wind speed gusts before they arrive at the blades. This information can also allow estimation of the precise arrival timing to correlate with the reaction times of the pitch control mechanism. The result is a reduction of time spent at a suboptimal blade angle to the flow and experiencing unexpected loads or stress. Laser wind sensors can be designed to provide multiple measurement points simultaneously at known locations in the inflow to provide spatial flow mapping at multiple ranges. With this spatial wind speed and direction information, the shear and veer of the flow in the inflow can be determined in real time. The pitch control of each blade can then be timed to the sweep angle so it is optimized based on the spatial wind conditions it is actually passing through. While laser wind direction data can greatly improve the alignment with the wind over time, the relatively slow yaw response of the large nacelle mass compared to the rates of wind direction change results in transients of misalignment, which can be addressed with individual blade pitch adjustments to minimize the vibration caused by the leading/following blade effects. This is similar in concept to the blade pitch adjustments made on helicopters to compensate for the relative airspeed of leading/following blades in forward flight.

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Though current turbine designs are based on unitary blades that account for the spanwise (radially) differences of flow and moment with taper and twist, those designs are based on the assumption of a uniform flow field perfectly normal to the plane of the blade rotation. In fact, as a result of spatial and temporal wind speed and direction variations, the flow field at any point in time is not truly uniform in the radial direction. Even informed individual blade pitch control has to select a best compromise angle of attack for the entire blade length and does not have the ability to handle span-wise flow differences. With real-time spatial wind speed and direction data from a laser sensor, high response rate aerodynamic devices along the blade span could be actuated to correspond to local relative wind. This could be implemented using various flaps, jets, or tabs as developed for aircraft wings or rigid sails. Combined with the other control advances, this stage represents an optimization of active controls. Ever increasing sophistication is projected for wind turbine sensors and controls with resultant step-wise increases in efficiency and reductions of undesirable stresses. Wind turbine control practice can begin to catch up to university research and aerospace now that forward-looking laser wind sensors can provide the needed wind accuracy, timeliness, data rates, and spatial mapping. It is time for the wind energy industry to start gaining the power performance and stress reduction advantages. Fred Belen is the senior technical advisor for Catch the Wind, Inc. Catch the Wind, Inc. | www.catchthewindinc.com

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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wind energy

Beneﬁts of Type Certiﬁcation for Wind Turbines Three steps to get started By Thore Lapp

Schunk Components for Wind Turbines Schunk Graphite Technology and associated members of the global Schunk Group manufacture a complete line of products used in the production and maintenance of Wind Turbines. These include carbon brushes, brush holders, brush rockers, lightning protection systems, shaft grounding assemblies, flexible current connectors, and slip rings. Our newest additions are signal brush holder assemblies that can be used with VESTAS® turbines (see photos below), and a signal brush holder assembly that can be used with GE® 1.5 MW turbines.* Schunk manufactures the materials used in these products and can work with you to optimize the products for the greatest efficiency in your turbines. We support our broad offering of products with sales, customer service, and technical experts across all of North America.

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*Vestas is a registered trademark of Vestas Wind Systems A/S. GE is a registered trademark of General Electric Company.

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The following outlines the three basic steps of the type certification process… Step One: Design approval—type testing

To begin, the design of the turbine must be approved and certified. Type testing is an integral part of the design and certification process to validate the design calculations, to optimize control, performance, and noise behavior, and to verify the performance of the safety and control systems. Results of the type testing tell the operator how well the turbine handles extreme loads and provides assurance that the turbine reaches its calculated lifetime, and keeps the calculated efficiency factor up. The safety configuration and the operational assumption are also evaluated. After these initial steps are completed, the product certification and the manufacturing inspections take place. These include the inspection and the approval of materials and components, as well as the production supervision for the blades, the machinery components, the tower, and the foundation. The evaluation of the manufacturer’s quality management system covers the whole range of activities necessary to assure the quality of the wind turbine. The certification of the manufacturer’s quality management system according to ISO 9001, including the design evaluation, covers a large part of these requirements. In general, the QM system is certified by an accredited certification body. However, the link between quality management and product quality needs to be specifically named. Benefits of certification and approval of the design include:

US and European patents pending

ind power is becoming increasingly important as a source of clean, renewable energy. Despite many other innovative technologies, all parties agree on one thing: the power of wind must be harnessed. But, how does an organization get started? How does it stay profitable? Most importantly, how does it ensure quality and safety? In a technical review, the overall plans of the wind turbine are assessed to verify their compliance with the applicable requirements and relevant national or international standards. Approval covers all aspects of the plant. Even though in some countries, such as Europe, type certification is not mandatory, it should be a requirement for the operator, their safety, and their financial departments.

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• Verification of fatigue and extreme loads; • Assessment of safety and control system; • Safety configuration and operational assumptions; • Design assessment by detailed parallel computation: - rotor blades and machinery components, - tower and foundations, - electrical components and control system; and, • Review of operating and maintenance instructions.

Step Two: Product certiﬁcation

After both the design and the product certification have been approved, the turbine itself is tested. During this test run, an experienced testing, inspection, and certification partner performs functional and safety tests. If the turbine passes these important tests, the final inspection of commissioning will be supervised. Once everything is deemed to work properly, the expert writes a type-test conformity statement. This ensures the wind energy systems function reliably. Additionally, type certification provides verification to the purchaser of a wind turbine that a particular wind turbine model has been approved by a certified wind energy certification body. In a technical review, the overall plans of the wind turbine are assessed to verify their compliance with the applicable requirements and relevant national or international standards. Benefits of product certification and manufacturing inspections include: • Inspection and approval of materials and components; • Review of material and quality assurance records; and, • Production supervision for blades, machinery components, tower, and foundation. Step Three: Type certiﬁcation

Type certification assists in risk management by helping reduce the likelihood of accident occurrences and their impact, resulting in lower insurance rates. All in all, type certification helps assure the safe and long-term operation of the turbine so the calculated profitability can be attained; thereby, ensuring the investment remains a wise and safe one. Benefits of type certification include: • Function and safety tests; • Inspection of commissioning; • Acoustic noise measurements; • Type-test conformity statement. Thore Lapp is the business development manager for TÜV SÜD America Industry Services. From planning wind farms to designing wind turbines, TÜV SÜD’s Wind Certification Services portfolio offers comprehensive, customized consultancy, and service throughout all stages of a company’s project. TÜV SÜD | www.tuvam.com

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wind energy

Case Study: Historic Transmission Project Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project is setting a new standard for long-distance transmission in America By Nikki Cummings

uly 27th of this year marks the groundbreaking of the world’s largest wind energy project, the Alta Wind Energy Center (AWEC), located near Tehachapi, California. Once complete, AWEC will have the capacity to generate 1,550 megawatts of clean renewable energy—nearly double the capacity of the largest existing project. It shouldn’t come as any surprise this happened in Tehachapi, long considered the birthplace of wind in North America. It’s been 30 years since the first wind turbines were installed in the Tehachapi-Mojave Wind Resource Area, considered one of the windiest places in the world. The area is enjoying new life thanks to a new transmission line and a 20-year contract with Southern California Edison (SCE) and Terra-Gen Power for the Alta Wind Energy Center, 1,550 megawatts (MW) of wind energy development. It represents the largest wind energy contract ever signed by a US utility, and it means

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wind developers now have better access to the California grid with an ability to sell to multiple utilities. It has proved to be a catalyst for multiple projects including Coram Ridge, Windstar, and Alta I-V. According to Randy Hoyle, vice president and head of Wind Development for Terra-Gen Power, LLC, “The 720 MW first phase of the project will increase California’s installed wind capacity by nearly 25%, and contribute substantially to the state’s renewable energy needs.” After overcoming numerous regulatory hurdles, SCE officially began construction of its Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project (TRTP). The first phase cost $1.8 billion and will result in a high-voltage transmission system capable of delivering 4,500 MW. Executed power purchase agreements to date will allow up to1,500 megawatts or more of power generated from new projects. TRTP transmission project is nearly 100% a Network Facility, meaning it expands and improves the general existing transmission grid in the area served as opposed to being an extension cord reaching out to an isolated area. In Network Transmission, if any one line breaks, there is an alternate path so power can shift directions to maintain the reliability of the Network.

Funding for major Network Transmission facilities is a big issue. TRTP funding crossed two major and critical hurdles. The first required an answer to the following: are the new transmission facilities Network, and if they are, do they sufficiently benefit the transmission system to be rolled into transmission rates paid for by all users of the transmission system in the state? TRTP passed that hurdle by the configuration of the system, and the massive amount of clean, renewable energy it would bring to the state, helping meet the RPS goals. Then, there was a second question: who would ‘Up Front Fund’ this two-billiondollar transmission project? Once the Network hurdle is crossed, it triggers repayment over a five-year period for any such line in California that is completed and successfully operates. But, who fronts the initial costs? In this case, the CPUC ordered SCE to Up Front Fund. SCE objected, filed an appeal, and the Appeal Court sided with SCE, stating it was their choice as to who would be required to Up Front Fund—either SCE themselves, or the generators who would be connecting to the new lines. Fortunately, once the principle of free choice was decided, SCE informally elected to Up Front Fund as the process created certainty the facilities would, in fact, be Network, and that they would get repaid. The approval of the TRTP is a notable exception to the difficulties with longdistance transmission in America. In fact, it’s the first major transmission project in California being built specifically to access renewable generators in a remote, windrich resource area. “Prior to that system coming, we weren’t growing and we weren’t going to. We couldn’t take one more watt,” says Linda Parker, executive director of the Kern Wind Energy Association. “The construction of the transmission line is a major accomplishment that many people have worked tirelessly on. It gives the wind indus-

try options and the ability to contract with other electric utility companies.” Scaling transmission

Numerous entities played a role in the conception, planning, development, and approval process for TRTP, which has involved a number of precedentsetting decisions, both regulatory and in the courts. It demonstrates and sets an example for other badly needed transmission infrastructure projects in this country. Hal Romanowitz, president and COO, Oak Creek Energy Systems, said it is important transmission expansion facilities be well-planned and scaled to serve the large regional needs if they are to succeed. “Getting the transmission expansion scaled to the proper level, and getting the costs rolled into rates paid by users of the system is extremely critical. This is one of the biggest problems blocking transmission expansion success across the country. To be proper, such user funded expansion needs to be part of a regional transmission planning process, so that the expansion is properly scaled, and will best serve broad needs. One issue is that in some states, users are strongly objecting to pay for transmission used to transport new renewable energy across their state to others in remote locations.” But first, it is important to understand how vital major transmission expansion is to bringing renewable energy to the forefront. There are early costs, but there are also huge economies that can result from creating larger balancing areas. “This is critically vital to our country, as well as to our state,” explained Romanowitz. “Very commonly, the reason most opposition exists to major transmission expansion is to prevent these expansions, which create new competition to entrenched economic interests, but this is a travesty that needs to be corrected.” For example, one high-cost utility with high-cost generation will find its generation is no longer competitive when new transmission brings in lower cost, remote generation. A low-cost generation utility will object because it wants to keep its low-cost generation to itself, and not let its neighbors get access to those low-cost benefits. With that in mind, TRTP represents the first construction of a “public” transmission line that carries electricity generated at the park straight to the grid. This state initiative to upgrade the transmission out of Tehachapi began in 2008, and is expected to be completed by 2012. Officials estimate that it will eventually provide 4,500 megawatts of electricity, which could make it the largest wind project in the nation. The new

wind farms are eventually expected to comprise 1,750 to 2,000 turbines. Not only does this triple the size of any existing US wind project, but it is also expected to out-perform the world’s current largest wind farm. Phase 1 of the TRTP, which includes segments 1 through 3, out of 11 planned segment improvements, is expected to be complete this year.

Nikki Cummings is the co-owner and president of World Wind Services and a Tehachapi native. She is currently serving as president on the Board of Directors for The Wind Energy Center, and Board Member of the San Diego Chapter to Women of Wind Energy. World Wind Services | www.worldwindservices.com

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wind energy

Choosing the Right Wind Turbine Lubricant to Optimize Production Performance characteristics provide valuable insight to the renewable energy market By Fred Mitchell

o ensure that newer and older wind turbines operate reliably and are able to produce the maximum amount of electricity, it is imperative companies utilize proper lubricants. The design of a well-balanced wind turbine lubricant is complex and can be confusing when trying to differentiate products on the market. The following information outlines the performance characteristics that maintenance professionals need to consider when selecting a wind turbine lubricant for the main gearbox. By evaluating these product attributes, maintenance professionals can make a more informed decision when it comes to selecting the right lubricant.

which has been formulated to prevent micropitting. The micropitting protection of a gear lubricant is measured using the FVA 54 Micropitting Test. All major gear manufacturers recommend that maintenance professionals use an oil with a rating of at least ‘=10 high.’ It is important to note that micropitting protection of a second fill lubricant will not fix gears that have already started to develop micropits. However, the performance feature should be addressed after gears have been replaced to help promote efficient production and prolong the life of new gears.

The heart of the turbine

Anti-scuffing & bearing protection

The main gearbox is the heart of most wind turbines as it drives the generator. With their advanced designs and their overall importance to system performance, it is of little surprise they can be very costly. For example, when factoring in all expenses, replacing a gearbox for a 1.5 MW turbine can cost a company more than $250,000, which includes the price of a new gearbox, the crane rental, and the lost revenue from downtime and manpower. Typically, gearboxes come from the factory filled with synthetic lubricant that is designed for the turbine to operate for approximately three years. However, the standard length of the warranty now for most gearboxes is only one year. Once the gearbox is no longer under warranty, maintenance professionals will be responsible for choosing the replacement lubricant, often called the second fill or service fill. When considering the potential challenges and costs associated with maintaining a wind turbine gearbox, it is recommended that maintenance professionals utilize a wellbalanced gearbox lubricant that can deliver exceptional protection over the long haul.

Scuffing, characterized by material transfer between sliding tooth surfaces, occurs when there is inadequate film thickness of the gear oil and creates metal-to-metal contact between gears. If scuffing persists, gears will need to be replaced prematurely. The FZG Scuffing Test (DIN 51354-2 mod) measures the scuffing resistance and anti-wear performance using standardized gear-sets under various temperatures and speeds. Lubricants are rated based on their Fail Stage (FLS). Maintenance professionals should employ an oil with ‘FLS>14.’ One of the most common areas of gearbox downtime is related to bearing failure due to poor lubricant quality and application. The FAG FE8 Four-Stage Test for Wind Turbine Gear Oils measures a lubricant’s performance on a bearing under varying load, speed, and temperature conditions. The four stages of the test are wear test, mixed friction, life test, and sludge. Based on the collective results of the four stages, lubricants are rated on a scale of ‘1’ to ‘5.’ A score of ‘1’ indicates that the lubricant provides superior bearing protection. Viscometrics

Performance characteristics Micropitting protection

The drive to minimize up-tower weight has resulted in compact gearbox designs that include the use of case hardening of the gear surfaces. Case-hardened gears exposed to unpredictable winds and loads found in wind turbines (carburized, nitride, induction, and flame hardened) are susceptible to micropitting and require a gear lubricant that protects against this type of wear. Micropitting is a surface fatigue phenomenon, primarily observed in gears and rolling element bearings. Starting within the first few hours of operation, micropitting can cause numerous surface cracks. The cracks propagate at a shallow incline angle to the surface (usually <30°), forming extremely small micropits with a magnitude typically < 10 microns (μ). The micropits aggregate to produce a continuous fractured surface. Individual micropits have a size of 5μ to 20μ, and depth up to 10μ, making them invisible to the unaided eye. The width of a human hair is about 40μ, so while the size of the micropits may seem small, these pits can reduce gear tooth accuracy and even lead to gear breakage. To minimize the chance of unscheduled downtime and gear replacement, maintenance professionals can use an oil, 40

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

Viscometrics refers to a lubricant’s ability to maintain its viscosity over a range of cold and hot temperatures. From day to night and summer to winter, turbines can operate at temperatures as cold as -45°C and as hot as 80°C. To determine if a lubricant can withstand temperature changes, maintenance professionals can evaluate a product’s viscosity index. The viscosity index is tested by using ASTM D2270 and indicates a lubricant’s resistance to change viscosity with temperature. Maintenance professionals should look for products with a score of ‘160’ or higher. Synthetics offer significant viscometric advantages over their mineral-oil based counterparts and provide excellent lubricity over a wide range of temperatures. For this reason, synthetic-based products are more prevalent for gearbox oils. For example, Mobilgear SHC XMP 320, a PAO-based gear oil endorsed or approved by a large percentage of wind turbine, gearbox, and bearing manufacturers worldwide delivers a VI of ‘164.’

nent life dramatically. An oil’s filterability, its ability to pass through filters and not clog them under actual field operating conditions, is often times overlooked. Standard filterability tests typically only evaluate new dry oil, which may or may not be indicative of what the conditions are like while in operation. It has been documented at large wind farms that the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) expense to replace filters, even as little as twice as often as recommended by an OEM, can run well over $275,000 annually. It is also important to understand how an oil’s additive package impacts its filterability. Filterability is generally talked about in terms of micron (μ) rating. Often times, 2μ kidney loop filters and 5μ main filters are used to clean the oil and protect wind turbine gearbox components. Care must be taken that micron rating and filter material is properly understood and treated. Sometimes additives can be filtered out or have the tendency to drop out of an oil, especially if the oil holds water. Filterability varies in an oil depending if it is wet or dry. To understand this relationship, it is imperative to consult a lubricant manufacturer and filter suppliers to find the oil that works best with the filters in a system. Water tolerance

Oil and water in a gearbox should not mix. However, keeping oil completely separate from water in a wind turbine is practically impossible due to the inherent nature of how turbines operate. While the blades are turning, gearboxes operate at temperatures as hot as 203° F (95° C). Then, when the blades stop turning, the gearbox cools down and draws in the moisture or humidity from the air. So, as it breathes, water enters the gearbox. Employing an oil with poor water tolerance can result in residue formation and oil breakdown. To prevent these water-related issues from occurring, it is important to find a gear oil that does not have a tendency to retain water, but still provides adequate equipment protection in the presence of small amounts of water. An oil’s water tolerance characteristics are evaluated by ASTM D1401, measuring an oil’s ability to shed water. This measurement is given in terms of time (minutes), and maintenance professionals should look for an oil with a score of ‘15 minutes’ or less. Making the right decision

Wind turbine gearbox oil is in one of the most challenging industrial lubricant applications in the modern industrial world and requires cutting-edge technology. By evaluating the performance characteristics outlined in this article, maintenance professionals will gain valuable insights needed in selecting the wind turbine gearbox oils that will help increase productivity, minimize downtime, and reduce maintenance and component costs. Fred Mitchell is the equipment builder engineer for Mobil Industrial Lubricants.

Filterability

AGMA guidelines have set forth some very stringent requirements for gear oil cleanliness in main gearboxes. Reason being, maintaining a clean oil will increase compo-

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L`] fY[]dd]%egmfl]\ Naf\a[YlgjÂŽ laser wind sensor measures three-dimensional wind speed and direction in l`] mf\aklmjZ]\ Yaj gml lg +(( e]l]jk af ^jgfl g^ l`] lmjZaf]& L`ak ^Y[adalYl]k keYjl]j$ ^]]\%^gjoYj\ lmjZaf] control using the most accurate wind measurements available.

INTELLIGENT YAW CONTROL keeps the turbine blades facing into the wind, by sensing changes in the wind before it reaches the turbine. Improved alignment with the wind increases power output and reduces wind turbine maintenance costs and downtime by lowering off-axis stress loads that damage turbine components.

PREDICTIVE BLADE PITCH CONTROL allows for smoother operation at rated power. Stress and fatigue can be reduced when blade pitch control is based on detecting approaching wind gusts. Rated power output can be maintained even in inconsistent wind without additional stress on system components. HELPING WIND BECOME A MORE COMPETITIVE AND PROFITABLE GLOBAL ENERGY SOURCE

Nakal ;LO Yl ;YfO=9 *()( :ggl` -*+ Yf\ ;`][c Gml Gmj Hjg\m[l <]egfkljYlagfk Jmffaf_ L`jgm_`gml l`] =p`aZalagf

MORE POWER & LESS STRESS = MORE PROFIT INTRODUCING WINDSEEKERâ&#x201E;˘ HAND-HELD LASER WIND SENSOR Instantly measure wind speed and direction up to 1000 meters using a compact, lightweight device! Clearly visualize the nYjaYZd] oaf\ [gf\alagfk Yl \a^^]j]fl `]a_`lk oal` l`] Zmadl%af oaf\ hjgĂ&#x161;daf_ eg\]& L`] a\]Yd lggd ^gj oaf\ hjgkh][laf_$ lmjZaf] siting and turbine performance evaluation. Copyright ÂŠ2010 Catch the Wind, Inc. All rights reserved.

www.catchthewindinc.com sales@catchthewindinc.com

wind energy

Critical Surface Preparation for Clean Energy Applications By Kumar Balan

urface preparation and clean energy…the relationship between these two seemingly unrelated topics is not immediately apparent. In fact, unless victimized by the unfortunate situation of component failure due to corrosion, the significance of surface preparation will likely remain elusive. So, what’s their relationship exactly? In the metal fabrication industry, whether the focus is on assembling wind towers to harness wind power or on manufacturing sluice gates to control water flow, surface preparation of these metal components plays a key role in the life of coatings. Given harsh field conditions, all steel components used in the manufacture of such components go through a surface preparation process prior to assembly. The following discussion will be restricted to the mechanical pre-treatment technique of blast cleaning. Steel surface basics

The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC) identifies five initial rust conditions before surface preparation. This covers the range from plain mill scale to rust and pitted conditions. These are identified as Conditions A, B, C, D, and G (note: related images available in the SSPC Publication 02-12). The commonly encountered conditions are A, B, and C. Condition A – steel surface is completely covered with adherent mill scale and little or no rust visible. Condition B – steel surface covered with both mill scale and rust. Condition C – steel surface completely covered with rust; little or no pitting visible.

This is defined by SSPC and NACE as: Removal of nearly all mill scale, rust, rust scale, paint, or foreign matter by the use of abrasives propelled through nozzles or by centrifugal wheels, to the degree hereafter specified. A Near-White Blast Cleaned Surface Finish is defined as one from which all oil, grease, dirt, mill scale, rust, corrosion products, oxides, paint, or other foreign matter have been completely removed from the surface except for very light shadows, very slight streaks, or slight discolorations caused by rust stain, mill scale oxides, or light, tight residues of paint, or coating that may remain. At least 95% of each square-inch of surface area shall be free of all visible residues, and the remainder shall be limited to the light discoloration mentioned above. Blast cleaning basics

Mechanical pre-treatment of steel can be carried out using blast nozzles or centrifugal blast wheels. All other factors being stable, productivity of the cleaning operation is directly proportional to the amount of abrasive being propelled on the part being cleaned. Airblast nozzles (3/8" diameter at 60 psi) propelling metallic abrasive typically discharge 10% of the blast media propelled by a centrifugal blast wheel (15" diameter wheel, 20 HP motor). Blast nozzles are typically used when the application requires cleaning with non-ferrous media. Centrifugal blast wheels are either direct-driven or belt-driven through a bearing system. The resulting line speed of the associated blast machine is directly proportional to the total connected wheel horsepower. The production process & surface preparation

The resultant expectation of surface finish is traditionally SSPC-SP-10 / Sa 2-1/2 / NACE 2 or Near-White Blast Cleaning.

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Consider the wind power industry as an example (ship-building follows a similar sequence of activities). Raw stock consists of plate steel in a thickness range of 1/2" to 2". Such plates are pre-blasted in a multiple blast wheel plate cleaning machine, which cleans plate from four feet up to 15 feet wide, at line speeds starting at five feet per minute and increasing based on wheel HP. Blast wheels are located at strategic locations to clean both sides of the plate, simultaneously. Such machines have replaced acid pickling lines and offer an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical stripping. A clean part offers better bonding—whether it is paint, adhesives, or any other coating when compared to a part that has not been blasted. The savings in paint, etc., are significant, especially in high-volume environments. Preservation lines, commonly found in shipyards and large Continued on page 44.

Raising steel monotower hub height with the Atlas CTB, erected on a low-cost, wide-footprint foundation, brings you improved output and attractive ROI.

wind energy Critical Surface Preparation for Clean Energy Applications

â&#x20AC;Ścontinued from page 42. Such airblast booths can be up to 100 feet long and can accommodate up to eight operators, manually blasting the inside and outside of the part by indexing it on rollers to access the entire inside surface. A typical turnaround time for a 60' section, using six to eight operators, is about six hours for manually blasting and removing abrasive from the inside. Blast machines & ventilation

Blasting processes, whether with ferrous or non-ferrous media generate a lot of dust. Sources of dust include: a) breakdown of blast media; and b) scale or other contaminants dislodged from the component being blasted. By design, blast machines have to be ventilated and the dust filtered in order to avoid contamination of ambient air. Collectors are available in two types: dry and wet. Dry collectors with cartridgestyle filters and bag houses with bag (sock) style filters are more commonly used. Wet collectors are required when filtering ventilation air that contains certain hazardous material with a propensity for fire or explosion. Ventilation system designs will normally comply with universally accepted standards, such as ACGIH (American Conference of Industrial Hygienists). Summary

metal processing facilities, consist of a pre-heater and blast machine upstream to the paint booth. Plates and profiles are treated through the blast machine and cleaned to a near-white or white metal finish to ensure uniform paint adhesion and consistent dry film thickness (DFT). Continuing with the production process in the wind power industry, the blasted plates are rolled into sections referred to as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;cans.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; These cans vary in diameter and length depending on their location in the wind tower assembly. These cans are welded together along their seams to form the assembly. Upon completion of welding, they are manually blasted as an assembly to clean the welded seams and other discolorations generated by the production process.

Surface preparation has evolved over the years from blasting with sand to utilizing recyclable ferrous media such as shot and grit and some specialized non-ferrous media such as ceramic. Machines are now built with sophisticated controls including PLCs and computer controlled operator interfaces. Such features provide remote monitoring of equipment and repeatability of machine performance. With the evolution of this industry, surface preparation has become a key factor in longevity of equipment and reliability of the entire operation. Therefore, it is important for designers in this sector to take the time to understand the significance of this process. Wheelabrator | www.wheelabratorgroup.com

Renewable energy

Technical by nature... QUALIFIED BY EXPERIENCE www.gl-garradhassan.com 44

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Wind project design & assessment tool AWS Truepower, LLC recently announced a new version of their wind prospecting and resource analysis application. windNavigator 2.2 sets a new industry benchmark for on-demand, high-resolution wind data, allowing wind project developers to expedite all aspects of project design and assessment. windNavigator 2.2 supports wind project siting, resource assessment, and now project design and automated business processes with fast, convenient access to high-quality wind project design data. Users can easily conduct initial project design work including preliminary turbine layouts, initial energy estimates, meteorological tower siting, and more when combining windNavigator data sets and wind farm design software to capture a true picture of a site or project area’s potential for wind development. The windNavigator application programming interface (API) gives subscribers the ability to “plug in” to windNavigator’s wind resource database to target, automate, and expedite marketing and sales processes. windNavigator 2.2 also includes hourly resource information for small wind application load assessments and high-quality modeled data for Measure-Correlate-Predict (MCP) analysis. AWS Truepower, LLC | www.awstruepower.com

Lubricant for wind turbine gearboxes A more efficient wind turbine that can generate even more wind driven electricity is now possible with the introduction of the new Dow UCON GL-320 lubricant. Dow UCON GL320 lubricant was developed to better lubricate the gearboxes of wind turbines, though the same lubricant can be used effectively for other types of gearboxes. Power producers may produce and sell more power with this lubricant for three reasons. First, in cold weather, turbines can shut down due to filter failures caused by high-lubricant viscosity. The higher inherent viscosity index of UCON GL-320 lubricant addresses this issue without the need for additional VI improvers. Second, when turbine output is at the maximum, high-gear oil temperatures can lead to shutdowns. UCON GL-320 lubricant has a higher heat capacity than hydrocarbon oils, which allows it to move more heat, reducing these shutdowns. Lastly, UCON GL-320 lubricant has better lubricity at ambient conditions meaning that it has the potential to shift the power versus wind speed curve to the left, leading to greater power output when the production is less than the maximum design output. UCON GL320 lubricant is available in bulk, drums, or 20L containers. DOW | www.dow.com/ucon

A Renewable Energy Leader

ion ... s s a p r u o is n io t Construc ss long lasting busine reward. ur relationships are o Offices in Indiana, Texas, and Ontario, Canada

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wind energy

Offshore Wind and the Canadian Market

Aaron Atcheson is National CleanTech Practice Group leader at Miller Thomson LLP.

Push & pull in the new economy By Aaron Atcheson

ncentives were provided and a development process put in place, followed by announcements of significant projects and investment in the jurisdiction. Then, without warning and after resources had been allocated, an about-face was made by a government facing external and internal pressure. Several of the most significant projects became incapable of being built, creating a crisis of confidence within the finance community in regard to a renewable energy sub-sector.

Haven’t we seen this movie before?

Despite the constant refrain of the business community regarding the necessity of maintaining consistency in government programs and incentives in order to not chase investment out of the sector, the government of the Canadian province of Ontario and its power purchasing body, the Ontario Power Authority (OPA), have made several changes in regard to its programs and requirements for the renewable energy sector within the last several months that have angered project developers and raised doubts within the finance community.

The amendment of the very popular Feed-in-Tariff program to provide a significantly lower tariff for small ground-mount solar projects was based on an overwhelming response and the perception that developers were taking advantage of an unintended quirk in the pricing model. However, the proposed rule restricting offshore wind developments to areas greater than five kilometres from shore appears to have been a response to criticism by environmental groups about the effects of the largest offshore turbines being situated near human and wildlife populations. When the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources announced in January of 2008 that it would be taking new applications for offshore wind projects, the Liberal government declared that the previous moratorium period involved completing significant study of offshore wind development potential, the establishment of key partnerships and an in-depth analysis of certain “social and ecological values.” Further support for this sub-sector was provided with the $0.19/kWh price for offshore wind included in the FIT program pricing model when publicized in the summer of 2009, raising the interest of some significant players in the global wind industry, as

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We are Aevenia. The way energy moves.

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Navigating the maze of competing energy solutions isn’t easy. WORKING WITH YOUR LAW FIRM SHOULD BE. To be a player in the evolving energy industry, you need lawyers who can keep you a step ahead. Our attorneys bring 30 years of industry experience, innovation, and a track record of success in regulatory and legislative matters, transactions, mergers and acquisitions, project development, finance, labor and litigation. When you want to move forward in the complex energy landscape, choose a firm that can help you find the right path. Choose Winston & Strawn.

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Europe

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well as groups like the local utility in Toronto, Ontario—Toronto Hydro. Less than a year later, and less than eight months after the MNR issued approval to Toronto Hydro to build an anemometer to test the near-shore wind resource in Lake Ontario, the industry is reeling from the announcement of a proposed requirement that no turbines be permitted within five kilometres from shore, effectively wiping out the Toronto Hydro project, amongst others, and making its recent investment in testing equipment redundant. The government has issued a discussion paper, posted the requirements for public comment, and promised consultation sessions this fall. Part of the justification of this geographic restriction is that certain Great Lakes states are considering similar restrictions, yet the US government granted the industry a major victory this spring with the approval of the Cape Wind project in Nantucket Sound at the same time as Ontario was reversing course under pressure from environmentalists. Granted, the mix of federal and state control over offshore wind projects in the US constitutes a significant drag on development in this area, with the Cape Wind approval, the Obama administration has signalled that it is serious about encouraging offshore production of electricity. So, why the reversal in Ontario? The change in tack appears to be a manifestation of the tension within the larger environmental movement between those seeking to replace the most polluting of the existing electricity sources with cleaner, renewable energy facilities, and more stringent environmentalists that are suspicious of the large industrial wind developments being proposed on- and offshore in Ontario. The Liberal government would like both of these groups to support them in the 2011 election. They also want to avoid driving the reactionary NIMBY (“Not in My Back Yard”) crowd, that rises to meet many new wind projects, into the arms of the Progressive Conservatives. The Ontario discussion paper on the proposed restrictions states that the “five-kilometre shoreline exclusion zone” is a result of the Ontario government being committed to protecting inland water bodies and ensuring safe beaches, drinking water, food and fish, as well as the province’s natural and cultural heritage. Project proponents are asking why this commitment did not come into play earlier, allowing them to plan projects to avoid the now restricted near-shore areas. Others note that although the restriction is clear that no wind development will occur within five kilometres of shore,

the documentation explains that site-specific factors may require a project to be located even further than the fivekilometre limit, resulting in greater uncertainty among those considering a project. When the Ontario government introduced its Green Energy Act, intended to expand renewable energy production, encourage energy conservation, and create green jobs, along with the much-lauded FIT program, much was made of the possibility that Ontario would increase

employment in new green sectors as a way of emerging from the global recession and manufacturing slump. It appears that Ontario’s early lead in the pursuit of offshore wind energy opportunities in the Great Lakes may be challenged by the many US states now actively encouraging development. Miller Thomson LLP | www.millerthomson.com

Our welding and cutting solutions will blow you away.

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What’s the most efﬁcient way to produce your wind tower? Turn to ESAB for a complete manufacturing solution. We have everything you need, all in one place – from mechanized cutting machines to automated welding systems to the broadest selection of filler metals and fluxes. Our experts will provide a turnkey solution, from factory layout to unequalled support that will keep your operation running at maximum efficiency. So let ESAB power the fabrication of your wind tower.

ESAB Welding & Cutting Products / esabna.com / 1.800.ESAB.123

North American Clean Energy

wind energy Hoist snag load prevention Drivecon has introduced LoadLock, a free feature now available on all Drivecon closed-loop hoist inverters. LoadLock is the industry’s first snag load prevention feature that proactively minimizes the effects of operator induced shock loading. In any hoisting application the operator is tasked with slowly raising a load off of the ground. Given this is dependent on the individual operator, it can frequently cause shock loading, and can result in cumulative fatigue on the crane’s mechanical and structural components. By activating the LoadLock feature, the inverter will constantly monitor for a rapid increase in torque (snag load) and, if sensed, LoadLock will automatically decrease the hoist speed until the torque stabilizes and/or load is off of the ground. Once stabilized the speed will resume to the original speed requested by the operator. The end result is optimized cycle time and minimized impact to the crane's traditional wear items. This feature can be especially helpful with cranes used in delicate lifting applications and process duty environments. Drivecon | www.drivecon.com

More than renewable energy. It’s a renewed way of thinking.

PCL understands the complexities of wind, solar, hydropower, and bioenergy production and works with our partners to provide EPC and BOP construction services that surpass expectations time and time again. For more information contact Terry Olynyk at: Office: 905.803.4510, ext. 4588, Mobile: 416.902.4588, Email: tolynyk@pcl.com

www.pcl.com

wind

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hydro power

bio energy

Positive displacement rotary pumps OLAER USA screw pumps offer a high-quality, reliable solution for the efficient movement of fluids within a system or application. Applications include lube services such as for wind turbines and gearboxes. They are positive displacement rotary pumps with an axial flow design that has only three moving parts. The power rotor is the only driven part that extends outside of the case. The idler screws actually act as sealing parts and are turned hydraulically by the fluid being pumped. There is only a rolling action between the drive screw and the idler screw. This rolling action eliminates noise and vibration, ensuring a long life. The advantages are: constant flow, even in the presence of varying system backpressures; low noise and vibration levels, minimizing foundation requirements; high-efficiency, independent of viscosity or temperature variations; non-pulsating flow, without the need for pulsation dampeners; and, reliable performance and long-lasting life. Olaer USA Inc. | www.olaerusa.com

High lift crane Wind Composite Service Group (WindCom) is now offering rope composite services, which allows for fast deployment of composite technicians. It is particularly geared toward advanced inspections and light cosmetic composite work. WindCom rope techs are all experienced composite technicians and are trained under the demanding IRATA standard. As of October, WindCom will also be the first company in North America to deploy a 100m High Lift crane for the performance of quality composite services in turbines. The WindCom High Lift crane service offers the most competitive solution for the execution of serial cosmetic and mid-level structural repairs on turbines rated up to 3 MW. Wind Composite Service Group www.windcomservices.com

North American Clean Energy is published 6 times a year. To subscribe, go to www.nacleanenergy.com

wind energy

Split-ring/Epoxy mounting kit

Surge protection

Yaw & pitch drives

To simplify the protection of bearings in VFD-driven motors, Electro Static Technology has introduced the Split-Ring AEGIS Bearing Protection Ring with Conductive Epoxy Mounting. Developed for fast, easy field installation without detaching coupled equipment, the new Split-Ring kit offers the most effective long-term protection of AC motor bearings from electrical damage, providing a path of least resistance and safely channeling VFD-induced bearing currents to ground. The unit has a 360° circumferential inner ring of conductive microfibers permanently secured in place by the patented AEGIS FiberLock channel. The unique FiberLock channel design not only prevents the microfiber brushes from loosening or falling out, but also protects them from breakage. When used by HVAC service contractors, motor repair shops, and plant maintenance departments, the conductive-epoxy-mounted Split-Ring AEGIS Bearing Protection Ring prevents bearing noise, downtime, and costly motor repairs/replacements. In addition to the ring, the kit contains engineered silver-filled conductive epoxy. After removing the paint from the installation area of the motor end bell, the installer mixes the epoxy resin and activator, applies the adhesive to the back side of the ring, centers the ring halves around the motor shaft, and holds them in place to allow the adhesive to set. The entire procedure, including cleaning the end bell, takes about 10 minutes.

The new ‘Surge Protection’ line from Thomas & Betts (T&B) provides premium protection for alternative energy sources from the damaging effects of electrical power surges. In fact, lightning damage is the single largest cause of unplanned downtime in wind turbines. The Thomas & Betts line provides complete surge protection, from individual components to an entire plant. T&B Surge Protection products are available with optional EMI and RFI filters to protect sensitive control systems from interference caused by variable frequency equipment. The T&B line includes individually fused MOVs to provide protection from extended surge events. Available surge ratings are 400kA, 240kA, 160kA, and 100kA per phase. DIN rail mounting is also available with these devices. By combining two or more T&B Surge Protection units in an electrical system, the product warranty is extended from 10 to 15 years.

Bonfiglioli’s 700T series planetary speed reducer is the industry standard for “smart” yaw and pitch control for wind turbines. Used to control such significant functions as rotor positioning and turbine power output control, the 700T series can be found worldwide in the latest, state-of-the-art wind turbines. Advanced technical features ensure the product can withstand even the most rugged and heavy-duty applications. Features include: flange mounted; modular product offering, which provides flexibility to meet customer requirements; integrated electric or hydraulic motor options; output shaft—splined or with integral pinion; rugged and reliable construction; high-torque capacity; output shafts supported by heavy duty capacity bearings; and, environmental protective coatings for the harshest conditions.

Thomas & Betts Corporation www.tnb.com

Bonfiglioli | www.bonfiglioliusa.com

Electro Static Technology | www.est-aegis.com

STRONGER THAN THE WIND Deep Foundation Systems * for wind turbines

Portable laser alignment tool Fixturlaser is the first laser alignment specialist to introduce a tool for shaft alignment that is ultra-portable—the Fixturlaser UPAD. Once in the nacelle, lack of space is the major concern. A technician is only able to access the machines from one side. To help, the Fixturlaser UPAD tool is attached to the technician’s arm allowing complete freedom and mobility during the entire measurement and alignment process. Services Techniques Claude Drouin Inc. www.stcd.ca

www.contechsystems.com ctswest@contechsystems.com Toll-Free: 1-888-818-4826 ctseast@contechsystems.com *Germanischer Lloyd certification pending; patent pending

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The trade-mark and registered trade-mark are owned by Con-Tech Systems Ltd.

Power distribution block connectors ILSCO is pleased to announce its expanded offering of Power Distribution Block (PDBs) connectors with a High Short-Circuit Current Rating (SCCR). All of the PDBs are either UL listed or UL recognized, and CSA approved to 600 Volts and up to 760 Amps. All PDBs are RoHS compliant and have a maximum SCCR with fuse protection up to 100,000 SYM Amps. All PDBs are manufactured from tin plated, high-strength aluminum alloy and are suitable for use with solid, stranded, or extraflexible aluminum or copper conductors. For those PDBs that are not designed with a cover there is an optional cover available. All PDBs are 90° C with the exception of the PDE and PDL series which are 75° C. ILSCO | www.ilsco.com

Missing A Piece? Challenge HYDAC and put our experience to the test. We can solve your puzzle! HYDAC products and solutions can be found in thousands of wind energy systems worldwide. From complete systems, including cooling systems for gear boxes and generators, to ﬁltration and diagnostic concepts for lubrication and hydraulics, the answer is HYDAC.

s Complete Package Solutions s Global Presence s Local Competence

Jib for windpower unit assembly & service work The 300-metric-ton LR 1300 SX is one of Liebherr’s most successful crawler crane models. The new LR 1300 SX version of this crane has a main boom that permits worthwhile increases in main boom and jib lifting capacities. In addition, the LR 1300 SX has a newly developed heavy duty jib for assembly and maintenance work on wind power installations. For this area of application, the crane is equipped with a narrow telescopic undercarriage for cost-effective travel movements when space on the ground is limited. The standard travel width of the LR 1300 SX is 8m, but the undercarriage can be closed up until its width is only 4.8m. The track width adjustment permits crane travel movements with all equipment installed. The new heavy duty jib is 8m long and rated for a maximum lifting capacity of 117t. Its full performance potential is revealed when it is used in conjunction with long booms and derrick equipment. The maximum possible combination of 113m main boom and 8m heavy duty jib results in a sheave height of 123m. Even this maximum configuration can handle loads of up to 42t. With the more customary configuration of 80m main boom and jib, the LR 1300 is able to lift more than 80t, with a sheave height of almost 90m. Liebherr | www.liebherr.com

Your Leader and Technical Solution Partner for Wind Power. ACCUMULATOR TECHNOLOGY Three distinct accumulator designs are available, bladder, diaphragm, and piston, ensuring the accumulator ﬁts the application rather than forcing the application to ﬁt the accumulator. Available up to 15,000 psi working pressure, HYDAC has the most complete range of accumulators, worldwide.

ELECTRONIC & DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY Our product range extends from simple pressure transmitters to the intelligent multiple pressure switches with customized software. In the ﬁeld of sensors, we employ different techniques, enabling us to offer solutions to a customer’s speciﬁc application.

FILTRATION TECHNOLOGY Components and systems for filtering solid, liquid, and gaseous contamination. HYDAC filtration products are also used for extracting water from hydraulic, lubricating, non-flammable and biological operating fluids.

COOLING SYSTEMS HYDAC offers a modular series of components and systems in the area of ﬂuid cooling technology. Our cooling technology is designed for engineered applications for wind technology, mobile equipment and industrial machines.

See us at:

H2O H2O

November 1–3 Booth #807 HYD1007-1266

North American Clean Energy

Solar Power International October 12th to 14th, 2010 • Los Angeles Convention Center—LA, California

www.solarpowerinternational.com Show in Print Features just some of the companies and technologies attendees will see at this year’s show.

Solar Power International is the largest solar conference and expo in North America. In 2009, the event broke all records: attendance by industry professionals soared to 24,000-plus, and the number of exhibitors topped 930. Given the surge in the solar energy market, the 2010 event will certainly set the bar even higher. All proceeds from Solar Power International help grow the US market through the efforts of non-profit organizers, Solar Energy Industries Association and Solar Electric Power Association.

Direct-ﬂow vacuum tube series

Thermal solar water heating systems

Deep cycle batteries

Suitable for a wide range of applications, the Vitosol 200-T direct-flow vacuum tube series is ideal for domestic hot water heating systems in northern climates. Plus, with versatile installations on roofs, walls, or freestanding, the 200-T can be easily incorporated into any architectural design.

Stiebel Eltron SOLKITS 2 and 3 thermal solar systems are Energy Star Rated and have SRCC OG300 system certification. Each solar closed-loop system includes SOL 25 PLUS flat plate collector panel(s) and mounting hardware, SB/SBB storage tank with heat exchanger(s), pump station with expansion tank, temperature/pressure gauges, pressure relief and check valves, and controller unit with corresponding sensors. There is a 10-year warranty on Stiebel Eltron solar panels and tanks.

Sun Xtender pioneered renewable energy storage batteries for off-grid and grid-tied systems. This is a deep cycle VRLA-AGM valve regulated lead acid battery with absorbent glass mat manufactured by Concorde Battery Corporation—the same design that has been proven and adopted by worldwide commercial and military users. The sealed, maintenance-free design means no spilling or spewing, no watering, and the option to operate upright, on its side or on its end. Deep cycle unique, high-density plate and grid technology with PolyGuard protection provides superior reliability, power, and extended cycle life. Sun Xtender features a low-impedance design, including Copper alloy, corrosion-free terminals that allow for maximum conductivity. There is no current limit with controlled voltage charging, and complete recharge is accomplished in a minimum of time.

Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc. www.viessmann.com www.viessmann.ca Booth 4729

Stiebel Eltron www.stiebel-eltron-usa.com Booth 4412

Components for Solar Applications 3RZHU 'LVWULEXWLRQ 6SOLFHU %ORFNV )XVH +ROGHUV 7HUPLQDO %ORFNV *URXQGLQJ /XJV

9ROW $& '& 5DWHG )OH[ :LUH &RPSOLDQW Visit our booth # 1320 at Solar Power International 2010

13300 Van Camp Road P.O. Box 468 Bowling Green, Ohio 43402 Phone: (419) 352-8441 Fax: (419) 352-0875 marketing@marathonsp.com

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High-efﬁciency solar inverter product family Eltek Valere introduces the Theia HE-T product line, which offers the industry’s highest power conversion efficiency for isolated inverters— maximizing the usable energy from solar power plants in commercial and residential applications. Solar inverters are the power electronics that convert the energy from the solar panel to AC power that can be fed into the electricity grid. The new product line from Eltek Valere sets a high-power conversion efficiency standard for isolated string inverters. The Theia family consists of string inverters that can be used in small applications such as residential, commercial buildings, or smaller standalone installations. Eltek Valere | www.eltekvalere.com Booth 6035

Sun Xtender | www.sunxtender.com Booth 1227

Dry pump for solar crystal puller & laminator applications Edwards recently introduced a new GXS dry pump designed to support pumping requirements for silicon ingot manufacturing and laminator applications in the solar industry. The GXS provides the optimized thermal control and dust handling capability needed to meet the pumping challenges encountered in these processes. The high atmospheric pumping speed capability of the GXS also enables faster chamber pump down, reducing cycle times and improving throughput. GXS uses a tapered variable pitch screw profile (patent pending) that allows for tight clearances without the need for rotor coatings. It also enables compression variations along the rotor axis for improved thermal stability and better thermal control, making it an optimal pump to handle the high flows of argon gas used in crystal pulling applications, as well as the dust generated during the manufacturing process. The GXS dry pump can operate on as little as 3.9 kW of input power (depending on the pump version) and uses 57% less energy than competing piston pumps. Edwards | www.edwardsvacuum.com Booth 520

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solar power international show in print Next-generation solar module Canadian Solar’s NewEdge, the next-generation module is a rail-less PV module designed for multiple types of mounting systems. It offers customers lower installation costs, aesthetic seamless appearance, auto grounding, and theft resistance. The all-black CS5A-MX is a robust all-purpose 72-cell solar module incorporating the Zep compatible frame. The specially designed frame allows for rail-free fast installation with the industry’s most reliable grounding system. The module uses high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon cells, laminated with a black back sheet and framed with black anodized aluminum. The all-black CS5A-MX is rated among the top for PTC efficiency and is an ideal choice for customers who are looking for a highquality, aesthetic module with the lower system costs. Applications include: on-grid and off-grid residential rooftops, as well as commercial/industrial rooftops, rural area applications, and solar power stations. Canadian Solar | www.canadian-solar.com/en Booth 3437

at 2 us 212 ll sit # a Vi th h H o t Bo Sou

powering change

PV mounting system for commercial ﬂat rooftops Cooper B-Line recently announced its new, highly flexible ARISTA Mounting System for solar photovoltaic commercial rooftop applications. The versatile ARISTA system is Cooper B-Line’s first available stocked solar PV mounting system, designed to meet budgetary and installation requirements. Unlike other PV mounting systems, the field adjustable ARISTA system’s pre-assembled fittings and clamps make installation quick and easy, resulting in a reduced cost per watt that lowers total installation costs. The system’s ultimate advantage is its high degree of labor savings. The adaptable ARISTA system can be used to support virtually any solar PV panel type or size, and can be landscape or portrait mounted. Ballasted and positively tied options provide added flexibility, while the system’s hinged design allows for rooftop maintenance without disconnecting panels. Constructed of standard, pre-assembled electrical components, the ARISTA system’s lightweight frames provide durable support for solar PV panels, effectively angling panels from 5° to 35° at 5° increments for maximum performance. Cooper B-Line www.cooperblinesolar.com Booth 1120

Powering change for RES Americas Daniel Menahem - Senior Manager, Development – Emerging Renewables

Renewable Energy Systems Americas Inc. is a leader in the energy industry, with over 4,800 MW constructed/under construction of renewable energy projects across North and South America.

Develops | Constructs | Owns | Operates Renewable Energy Systems Americas Inc. 11101 W. 120th Ave. Suite 400 Broomfield, CO 80021 303.439.4200

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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res-americas.com

Transformerless inverters The KACO transformerless (TL) blueplanet inverters are on their way to the US. KACO already successfully supplies reliable and cost-effective transformerless inverters throughout Europe. Now KACO will offer the US industry innovative TL products. These products offer enhanced CEC efficiency numbers and they help PV systems produce more kWhs than ever before, which makes solar more affordable than ever. KACO new energy, Inc. www.kaco-newenergy.com Booth 1501

because... watching people’s jaw drop when they see my meter spin backwards is priceless

...seriously? Who wouldn’t want their house powered by sunshine?

Deep Patel, GoGreenSolar.com

Andrew Wood, Solar San Antonio

our future depends on it

it’s... Free. Fuel. Forever.

Van Hausman, Sungevity

Liz Merry, Verve Solar Consulting

when you own a system, you own the energy

it’s the most elegant energy solution we have turning the sun directly into electricity is practically magic

it has provided my home with clean energy since 2007

Kelly Provence, Solairgen

Lucas Johnson, SUN (re)construction

Marc Fontana, GRID Alternatives Volunteer

solar does not spill, it doesn’t destroy mountain tops and it does not create radioactive waste Ryan Schaub, Lumos Solar

it is quiet, powerful, peaceful and smart

it makes the world a better place

Zara Scharf, Midwest Renewable Energy Association

Jan Kappes, Solar Enthusiast & Homeowner

Tell us why you

PV at www.iheartpv.com

Win a trip for two to Germany! See website for contest rules.

Brought to you by

www.kaco-newenergy.com • 866 522 6765

solar power international show in print Fully integrated solar carport Baja Construction introduces a new concept in PV systems for the commercial market—a fully integrated solar carport that utilizes Baja’s Solar Support System to carry PV modules, producing clean energy to power America’s businesses and the emerging electric vehicle market. Baja’s solar carport is a specifically engineered shade structure built right on a customer’s parking lot. It can be used as the sole PV solution or as a supplement to a rooftop PV solution. It differentiates itself from rooftop solar installations in that it has the secondary benefit of shaded parking, which may be a recognizable revenue source. Baja Construction | www.bajacarports.com Booth 3252

S O U T H E R N

C A L I F O R N I A

www.cityofperris.org

www.cityoftemecula.org

Single-axis tracking system with low height The SunCarrier 120 is a single-axis tracking system that permanently aligns the module surface with the current sun position via a vertical-axis. This ensures an ideal angle of incidence for the sunlight and provides an additional yield of 30% compared to fixed installations available on the market. Depending on the module type, an output of up to 24 kWp can be installed on the module surface of around 120 square metres. The SunCarrier 120 ideally complements the SunCarrier series portfolio with its product specifications. Due to its reduced height of only 4.3 metres, the system can be implemented easily in countries with installation height restrictions. The low height also results in a reduced wind load, enabling an increased focus on lightweight construction during the development stage and a significant weight reduction of the steel beam construction. Depending on the local requirements and the soil condition, customers can choose between concrete and screw-in foundations. The system is especially suited for a deployment between the 25th and 55th northern and southern latitude, and can be installed individually or in large-scale solar parks. SunCarrier LLC | www.af.net Booth 4259

www.murrieta.org

RENEWABLE www.ci.san-jacinto.ca.us

ENERGY

Riverside County is geographically located in one of the premier solar insolation regions in the world with a large population that will create demand for clean energy. ■ A GROWING GREEN ASSET INVENTORY ■ DESIRABLE LOCATION FOR INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING www.cityofhemet.org

THIS IS WHERE IT BEGINS!

■ OPEN LAND FOR LARGER SOLAR PROJECTS

WWW.RIVCOEDA.ORG

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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Extended AH battery ratings Rolls Battery is pleased to offer two additional 2V models to their Renewable Energy line-up: 2V S-1590 & S-1725. Similar to the popular 2V S-1380 and standard L-16 size, the S-1590 & S-1725 models include the four-post configuration, two posts per terminal, used to support the potential loads of 1,200 AH (S-1590) and 1,300 AH (S-1725) per cell on a 20 Hr rate. Rolls Battery | www.rollsbattery.com Booth 1715

Solar panel supports made simple.

Cablofil engineers have created a truly unique support system for ground-mounted solar installations – CFS. Every component of the CFS System is designed to reduce installation time and keep overall costs to a minimum. Pre-assembled grid tables eliminate labor-intensive “stick built” construction methods to reduce field installation costs and are engineered to withstand extreme static and wind loads. Plus, all hardware is RoHS compliant so the entire system qualifies for LEED points. Look to Legrand/Cablofil to show you the future.

See us at Solar Power International - Booth 235. designed to be better.

www.legrand.us/cabloﬁl 800-658-4641 8319 State Route 4 Mascoutah, IL 62258 USA

solar power international show in print Inspection system for wafers & cells ANTARES is a new and reliable microcrack inspection system for wafers and cells. The concept is contact-free and generates images of cells that are suitable for automatic error detection (which has not been an easy task for EL and PL imaging). The concept is robust and reliable; it is not disturbed by metallization or the natural grain structure. The inspection system is available as an inline tool or as stand-alone system, and includes the ability to sort-out of defective cells from stacks. The ANTARES inspection system can inspect mono- and poly-crystalline cells of 156 Ă&#x2014; 156mm2 (thickness from 150 Îźm up to 300 Îźm) and has a cycle time of two seconds per cell (one second per wafer), allowing use of standard automated production lines. Microcracks down to a length of 1mm can be detected reliably. Intego GmbH | www.intego.de Booth 3019; German Pavilion

Visit us in BOOTH 533 at Solar Power International in Los Angeles.

Our expertise + your expertise

Permitting & operating solar energy generation Ecology and Environment, Inc. (E & E) offers the professional environmental support required to site, permit, and operate solar energy generation and transmission facilities. E & E covers all the bases from water supply, wetland considerations, and ecological impact studies to land use, socioeconomic analysis, and community outreach. They recently helped a developer quickly obtain permits for a 39 MW photovoltaic project, one of the nationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest, which begins construction in California this fall. Operating from 31 locations from coast to coast, E & E is supporting the development of over 800 MW of PV capacity. Ecology and Environment, Inc. www.ene.com/service/energy/solar.aspx Booth 965

= a successful partnership Square-shaped monocrystalline cells & modules

Custom Automation Solutions for Green Industries s 0RECISION !SSEMBLY s -ATERIAL (ANDLING s 6ISION 'UIDED 2OBOTICS

s (IGH 3PEED !PPLICATIONS s 7EB (ANDLING 3YSTEMS s 4ESTING )NSPECTION

Isthmus is a worker-owned cooperative. 4035 Owl Creek Drive 58

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

Madison, WI 53718-4405 nacleanenergy.com

608.222.9000

isthmuseng.com

With its latest â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Quad Maxâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; technology, Trina Solar is launching a new product: high-efficiency, square-shaped monocrystalline cells and modules. Built into modules, Quad Max cells will boost module power output from 5% to 8% when compared to conventional monocrystalline modules. Trina Solar developed the Quad Max using innovative manufacturing processes and a proprietary, state-of-the-art metallization and passivation technique, in addition to two extra high-temperature thermal processes, as well as additional printing. These complex technological processes allow Trina Solarâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Quad Max to yield enhanced conversion efficiencies of 18.2% on average and up to 18.8%. The Quad Maxâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s square shape allows the cell to harvest more sunlight, avoiding the loss of surface area typical of conventional octagonally shaped monocrystalline cells. In module-form, the cells gain 5% more surface area than ordinary monocrystalline modules. Trina Solar | www.trinasolar.com Booth 3211

Lâ&#x153;&#x201C; 97% CEC EfďŹ ciency Lâ&#x153;&#x201C; 20-year Warranty Lâ&#x153;&#x201C; Maximum Uptime Lâ&#x153;&#x201C; Customizable Lâ&#x153;&#x201C; Shortest lead time Lâ&#x153;&#x201C; Made in America

PVP260kW Commercial Inverter

6]e eWZZ g]c `S[S[PS` eVS\ to check on your PV Powered inverter? PV Powered inverters are so reliable theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re covered by the industryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first standard 10-year nationwide warranty and our unrivaled optional 20year extended warranty. The simplicity of our patented design, using fewer components, gives PV Poweredâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s inverters the reliability to deliver maximum uptime, even in North Americaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s extreme climates. Best in class CEC efďŹ ciency, front access and features for faster, easier installation and maintenance keep energy production up and cost of ownership down. It all adds up to a signiďŹ cantly higher return on your investment and reduced levelized cost of energy (LCOE) by cutting Â˘/kWh today, tomorrow, and well into the future. For more information on PV Powered reliability, email info@pvpowered.com, visit pvpowered.com, or call 1-541-312-3832 Bend, Oregon.

AN COMMERCIAL INVERTERS

PVP 1MW PowerVault

PVP260kW

PVP100kW

PVP75kW

PVP50kW

PVP35kW

PVP30kW

COMPANY

solar power international show in print

Pluggable surge protection for PV systems Phoenix Contact’s VALVETRAB MS surge arresters protect photovoltaic systems up to 1000 V. The VAL-MS 1000DC/2+V-FM protects two-position DC voltage systems up to 1,000 volts. VALVETRAB MS is also available for other voltages commonly used in small-scale PV systems and power systems (12 V to 600 V DC). The railmountable arresters protect both insulated and solidly grounded systems. The protective circuit is thermally and dynamically monitored. In the event of damage, it disconnects the arrester from the generator. The VAL-MS surge arresters are available with or without remote indication contact. Phoenix Contact www.phoenixcontact.com/usa_home.htm Booth 4121

Self-locking pin Pivot Point Incorporated has invented a new quick-locking pin, the SLIC Pin. The pin functions as a pin and cotter all in one, and is particularly well-suited to solar frame and panel assembly. SLIC is an acronym for ‘Self-Locking Implanted Cotter’ and, as the name implies, the pin is secure and self-locking through the use of an implanted plunger (locking detent) that effectively functions as a self-contained cotter pin. The pin features a solid, spring-loaded “wedge-shaped plunger” that combines ease-of-use with secure fastening. The wedge-shaped plunger easily and automatically retracts when the pin is inserted into a hole. The angled, ramp-like face of the wedge ensures smooth insertion. Once fully inserted, the plunger springs back up, locking the pin into the application. The vertical face at the rear of the plunger prevents the pin from backing out. The SLIC Pin is intended for use as a semi-permanent quick-locking pin and can be used in a multitude of applications. Pivot Point Incorporated www.pivotpins.com Booth 2928

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Solar hot water insulation system K-Flex USA delivers long-lasting cost and energy savings with K-Flex Solar Twin System – ST, a quick and safe solution for insulating heat transport piping on new or retrofit solar hot water systems. According to industry reports, solar water heating is the most cost effective and environmentally friendly way to heat water for residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Solar hot water systems collect thermal energy from the sun and use it to heat water in place of using electricity or natural gas. A key element of this type of system is insulating the heat transport piping. Designed to minimize heat loss and simplify installation of fluid recirculation lines connecting solar panels and the water storage tank, K-Flex Solar Twin System – ST includes flexible stainless steel tubing covered with high-temperature rated insulation, a UV- and mechanical-resistant jacket, embedded temperature sensor wires, a complete range of fittings, and mounting accessories. K-Flex USA | www.kflexusa.com Booth 4523

Green application notes on solar & fuel cell testing In addition to the solar inverter testing applications, customers can learn how Agilent Technologies can help measure the power and heat produced by their design and, therefore, impact on the environment. Topics include correlating temperature to various electrical measurements and quantifying the power used by FPGA’s. To download per topic, visit the company website. Agilent Technologies www.agilent.com/find/ powerconservation Booth 5545

We’ve Already Developed the World’s First Preconﬁgured, Modular Solar Power Plant.

What’s next?

www.solon.com

With over 100MW of tracking systems contracted worldwide, at SOLON we don’t simply compete in the field of solar energy: we lead the way. Our preconfigured solar clusters are driving the development of utility-scale solar fields, enabling fast construction, low energy costs, and an excellent, predictable return on investment. Better for the environment, better for utilities, better for communities. What can we do for you?

solar power international show in print Solar bonding lugs The ERITECH brand of solar bonding lugs from ERICO is designed to bond the frames and mounting structures of solar photovoltaic systems in accordance with NEC requirements. These lugs are corrosion-resistant and galvanically compatible with copper grounding conductors and aluminum PV module frames. The solar bonding lugs are supplied with the required mounting hardware and are easy to install. The stamped lug has a lay-in feature that allows the positioning of the grounding conductor along multiple frames prior to securing the wire. In addition, the same hex head power driver can be used to install the lug to the frame and secure the wire into the lug. Stainless steel serrated washers provide a superior bond to anodized aluminum and a lay-in feature is ideal for installation underneath module frames. The lugs can accommodate #14 solid to #6 stranded AWG copper grounding conductors. They are also UL 467 listed. ERICO | www.erico.com Booth 4119

Utility scale PV inverter line SMA America LLC, the US-based subsidiary of SMA Solar Technology AG, has expanded its US line of utility products with the Sunny Central High Efficiency (HE) line of solar inverters. The new 500 and 630 kilowatt inverters provide integrators, project developers, and EPCs with a utility scale 1000VDC solution that features the industryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s best efficiency in the medium-voltage interconnection category. The Sunny Central 500HE features a maximum output of 550 kVA, while the 630HE produces 700 kVA. Both provide full AC-rated active power while maintaining a 0.9 lagging/leading power factor range, and while operating continuously at 50Â° Celsius. By connecting to an external medium-voltage transformer to accommodate long-distance power feeds to distribution substations, the HE line is ideal for utility installations and industry leading maximum and weighted efficiencies of 98.6% and 98.4% result in an outstanding energy yield. SMA America LLC www.sma-america.com Booth 3827

Circuit protection for solar applications Littelfuse has been working with engineers to develop and provide circuit protection for solar applications around the world. More than four million fuses have been installed to protect solar PV strings, inverters, and arrays. Littelfuse solar fuses and circuit protection products were designed specifically for solar PV applications. With product offerings such as the SPR and SPFR 1000VDC products, Littelfuse offers overcurrent protection up to 400 Amps. Littelfuse provides fuses and holders designed to meet the global requirements unique to solar applications, as well as ground fault and over-voltage protection devices for solar applications. Littelfuse, Inc www.littelfuse.com/green Booth 5523 62

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solar power international show in print Solar inverters SOLIVIA stands for “Solar inverters for versatile and intelligent applications,” and the company is offering four new models: SOLIVIA 2.5, 3.3, 4.4, and 5.0 NA G3. Each offers a nominal output power ranging from 2.5 to 5.0 kW, which complements SOLIVA’s already available European solar inverter product line from Delta. The high-frequency grid-connected SOLIVIA solar inverters from Delta are suitable for all commonly used solar modules (also for thin-film and rear-side contact PV modules) due to the implemented galvanic isolation and the integrated DC wiring box that accommodates either positive or negative DC grounding. All models incorporate an integrated lockable DC disconnect, which is mandatory for many local authorities, leading to reduced installation efforts and expenses as it eliminates the need for an external 600 Vdc disconnect switch. The high-frequency grid-connected solar inverters for the North American market operate within a wide temperature range, up to 50° C with full power output (without derating). This ensures high yields even for installations in warmer climates. Delta Energy Systems (Germany) GmbH | www.solar-inverter.com Booth 1609

Improved silicon pyranometer

r la

l at na us 11 tio sit 32 na Vi th ter o In Bo er w Po

Kipp & Zonen’s silicon pyranometer is now even more user-friendly. The SP Lite2, designed for all-weather measurement of solar radiation, has an integrated bubble level and adjustment screws for convenient installation. The successful SP Lite2 is widely used to measure solar radiation in entry level weather stations, particularly for agriculture and hydrology, and is supplied by well-known system integrators. SP Lite2 is also popular for routine monitoring of photovoltaic solar energy installations and in building control systems for lighting and environmental control. SP Lite2 can be directly connected to voltmeter or data logger. Direct readout in Watts per square meter (W/m2) can be derived from the measured voltage divided by the calibration coefficient. It is also fitted with the Kipp & Zonen high-quality yellow cable. Kipp & Zonen USA Inc. www.kippzonen.com Booth 2129

Turn-key solar power solutions With more than three-billion dollars of solar projects under asset management, and 200 MW installed worldwide, Enfinity provides turn-key solar power solutions for commercial, municipal, and utility customers. The company’s services include initial economic project analysis and project development; engineering and design through to the project financing; engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) coordination; and, asset management. The company has proven expertise in renewable energy systems, solid project credentials, and close relations with a wide range of investors. Enfinity is active in 21 countries across the globe and has been selected to build some of the largest projects in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.

Solar has never been more popular As the world’s most prestigious sport, F1 embodies the pursuit of excellence through technological expertise and innovation. At Trina Solar, it’s because of this shared passion for innovation that we’ve teamed up with the Renault F1 Team, one of Formula One’s most advanced teams. As solar accelerates on the track to grid parity, we think it’s time to bring solar to an even larger audience – the world. For more information, visit us at www.trinasolar.com

Official Sponsor of

Enfinity | www.enfinitycorp.com Booth 4207

“I need to replicate the unpredictable variables of the sun.”

Here’s the power to make them predictable. Designing solar arrays, fuel cells, inverters and other green technologies requires the ability to emulate real-world conditions. Agilent N3300 and 6060 eLoads, and B1505 SMU tools, help you gauge performance across widely varied energy loads. And Agilent E4360 Series Solar Array Simulators let you replicate the variable energy of the sun right from your bench top, making the unpredictable, predictable. Create a greener tomorrow with Agilent’s application briefs Characterizing the I-V Curve of Solar Cells and Modules Designing and Developing Terrestrial Inverters Using Solar Array Simulators Measuring Fuel Cell AC Impedance

Get your FREE “SAS, Testing/Energy Storage” and “Power Consumption Reduction” application briefs www.agilent.com/ﬁnd/gogreen © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2010

u.s. 1-800-829-4444

canada: 1-877-894-4414

solar power international show in print Condensation control STEGO Inc. has introduced two new Hygrostats that when connected to an enclosure heater will prevent condensation from ever happening. The EFR 012 Hygrostats sense relative humidity (RH) in control enclosures and, whenever the RH rises to a level where condensation could form, they energize a heater, expanding the air and causing RH to fall to a safe level. The EFR 012 Hygrostats provide simple and effective condensation control. Units are available either with a 40% to 90% RH adjustment range, or a 65% RH tamperproof fixed point setting. STEGO Inc. | www.stegousa.com Booth 871

String checker

Low Light Super-

A NIGHT & DAY DIFFERENCE The difference between Magnetek’s E-Force® Solar Inverter and the competition is night and day. • IEEE 1547 compliant

Magnetek’s modular grid-tied E-Force Inverters turn DC

• Over 97% efﬁcient at rated power

power produced by photovoltaic systems into clean, utility-

• 1MW system rating

grade, distributed AC power. The E-Force’s compact,

- Shelter enclosure option

ﬁeld-proven design increases the power harvested from

- Optional MV transformer and switchgear

renewable sources, reduces the time and cost of installation and assures a long service life. Magnetek’s 20 years of

• Optional utility grid support features - Adjustable lead / lag power factor for VAR support

renewable energy experience assures you of the most

- Low voltage ride through (LVRT)

advanced, proven power control technology available.

• Optional PV string isolation switch with visible disconnect (Ontario code compliant) • Optional utility-grade power meter • Ask about Magnetek’s patent-pending technology enabling energy harvesting in low-light conditions

Harvest More Green with Magnetek.

m a g n e t e k r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y. c o m reinfo@magnetek.com 866.381.2035

SolarBOS is pleased to announce its String Checker installation tool, now available for sale in North America. The String Checker gives system installers a way to check both the Open Circuit Voltage and Short Circuit Current with a purpose-built multimeter that clips into a SolarBOS combiner box. Installers no longer have to wait until system commissioning to check all the string currents—they can be measured at any time during construction. The String Checkers are rated for up to 600 VDC and 20 ADC, and are built within a rugged, weatherproof case. Test leads, battery, and battery charger are included. SolarBOS www.solarbos.com/products.php Booth 1221

Customized solar mounting systems Schletter has been developing, designing, and manufacturing racking systems for PV power installations for over 18 years. As one of the largest manufacturers in the industry, they have produced over 5 GW of installed module capacity on roofs and ground-mounted systems worldwide. All of the systems are modular and can accommodate any tilt angle and layout to give clients the most freedom during the design phase. Schletter employs state-of-the-art commercial engineering design tools as well as inhouse programs to allow for maximum material utilization of every member in each system; thereby, reducing material and the system cost. The most important aspect of the design is system quality in strict accordance with local building codes to ensure owners, investors, insurance companies, and municipalities that the system will be safe over the lifetime of the structure. Schletter continues to focus development on reduced installation time and a high degree of preassembly to reduce system cost. Schletter Inc. | www.schletter.us Booth 843

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WE INVITE NVITE YOU TO COMPARE. CO

With design and installation capabilities across the country, ProtekPark Solar works with elite solar developers and integrators to provide value engineered and customized structural solutions. Our durable, functional, attractive and economical structures are designed to outperform the competition in any environment. To learn more, visit us at SPI â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Booth 1031

protekparksolar.com 513-618-8364

William Patterson University, New Jersey

The Richard Stockton College, New Jersey

solar power international show in print

Funding for renewable energy projects

Integrated base power station for multiple inverters

PNCEF Energy Capital LLC (PNC) offers a source of funding to the renewable energy industry. PNC has the intellectual capital, financial capacity, and industry expertise to provide strategic solutions for client’s renewable energy needs. For example, PNC can provide tax equity and/or debt through a number of structures including PPA and direct lease models, operating or capital leases, and partnership flips. With clients including developers, end-users, and panel manufacturers, PNC has a history of successful execution nationwide. While PNCs focus to date has been on solar and energy efficiency deals, the bank is committed to renewable energy in all sectors.

More for less is the advantage that EPCs recognize in the one- to twomegawatt PowerStation solutions for utility scale, multi-megawatt PV projects. More points of efficiency for nearly half the current, size, and weight of alternate solutions. Solaron inverters already provide maximum energy harvests with 97.5% CEC and 98.5% peak efficiencies—at half the current of competing units. Integrated in the PowerStation conversion system, the inverters are connected in parallel to a single-winding, high-efficiency, medium-voltage transformer that costs far less than custom, dual-winding transformers. All necessary AC switch gear and electronics are included in the compact base station for easy, lowercost shipment, and installation.

PNCEF Energy Capital LLC www.pnc.com Booth 2912

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. www.aesolaron.com Booth 3313

nacleanenergy.com

Industrial embedded computing solutions

Molded vacuum interrupter

Used in renewable energy applications around the world, Moxa’s embedded computers and remote monitoring solutions are energy efficient, and their small form factor makes them cost-effective and easy to install. Moxa, a member of SunSpec Alliance, offers industrial system solutions for the solar community. Moxa’s Wireless W406 and UC-7112 embedded computers are commonly used as front-end communications computers that connect to the PV inverter, AI and counter input module, and solar power meter. They can also be used for remote monitoring, data acquisition, datalogging, and protocol conversion. Moxa’s ioLogik E1240 Ethernet I/O device with Active OPC Server proactively updates event messages to the control center with real-time stamps over the network, for effective integration with a real-time SCADA/HMI system.

The new Thomas & Betts Elastimold Molded Vacuum Interrupter (MVI) is maintenance-free and environmentally friendly, containing no gas or oil, and is available for subsurface, vault, tower, padmount, or riser-pole applications. The 38kV/25kA MVI incorporates Elastimold’s proven combination of EPDM molded insulation with a vacuum interrupter. This latest addition to their solid-dielectric family of switchgear features a 25kA symmetrical fault interrupting vacuum bottle and a magnetic actuator mechanism. The MVI will work with a broad line of control options, ranging from our Elastimold 80MAX Control to a variety of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories controls.

Moxa | www.moxa.com Booth 1650

T&B Elastimold www.utility.tnb.com Booth 157

High-performance crimping tools BURNDY announces the introduction of their new high-performance PATRIOT PATMD614V series crimping tools. These new tools continue to utilize 14.4 volt Ni-MH batteries, but are 50% faster than other brands using lithium-ion batteries and are 80% faster than previous models. The BURNDY highperformance PATMD6-14V tools complete a crimp on a 4/0 copper splice in approximately two seconds. The PATMD6-14V series of tools incorporate the latest engineering technology with a refined hydraulic system for ultraperformance, speed, and reliability even in the harshest work environments. The PATRIOT IN-LINE tools can be used in virtually any position due to their 350º rotatable jaws and audible “pop-off” crimp indicator. Plus, the ergonomically balanced design eases operation, even when wearing gloves. All PATRIOT tools feature the BURNDY INFINITY DRIVE transmission, which has a lifetime warranty. BURNDY | www.burndy.com Booth 1427

Surge protection for grid-tie solar power systems CITEL, Inc. has expanded its surge protector line to include models DS60PV and DS50PV, two wire and ground DC power surge protectors for applications up to 1000 Vdc. Designed for the most severe applications, DS60PV is a Heavy Duty DC surge protector, rated to withstand a direct lightning strike (10/350us waveform) as defined by ANSI/IEEE C62.412002 and IEC 61643-11. It is typically installed at the DC input to the inverter of a solar power system. For more general duty applications, DS50PV is surge rated at 40kA 8/20us, and engineered to protect against indirect lightning, AC utility grid surges, and internally generated switching transients and faults. These din rail mount devices can be integrated into a PV combiner box or standalone enclosure. CITEL is also pleased to announce model DS50PV as the first UL recognized DC Surge Protector with replaceable modules.

Energy monitoring & management Powerhouse Dynamics uniquely delivers Home Energy Intelligence for everyone with the eMonitor, a solution designed to monitor and manage all uses—and sources—of energy in the home and provide ongoing analysis, diagnostics, and alerts, as well as thermostat and device control. The eMonitor uniquely monitors at the circuit level, integrating energy efficiency and solar production, delivering the level of granularity and actionable intelligence required for effective energy management, cost savings, and home safety. Powerhouse Dynamics www.powerhousedynamics.com Booth 6009

PV testing & certiﬁcation services TÜV SÜD America offers photovoltaics testing and certification services for crystalline silicon and thin-film technologies. Along with their partner lab, Renewable Energy Test Center, TÜV SÜD provides a full suite of testing and certification for PV products under both international and US standards. They are able to complete most safety projects in less than six weeks to give organizations an expedient and cost-effective testing strategy. TÜV SÜD America www.tuvamerica.com Booth 3874

CITEL, Inc. | www.citel.us Booth 1425

North American Clean Energy

solar power international show in print

Controller for solar tracking applications

Solutions for automated production

Slew drives & larger solar trackers

Yokogawa Electric Corporation recently released their HXS10 controller, which controls the actuation systems that move heliostats (reflectors) and PV panels. The HXS10 helps maximize power generating efficiency by controlling the angles of heliostats and solar panels so they stay pointed at the sun as it moves across the sky. Compared to generalpurpose controllers, such as PLCs, the HXS10 has lower initial costs and requires less engineering time. Built of environmentally resistant and durable components, it can withstand temperatures ranging from –20° C to +70° C, meaning HXS10 is optimal for the control of solar power generating facilities installed in deserts and other harsh locations. It also offers a communication function that allows it to be monitored by a host system in a central control room. Moreover, to eliminate communication traffic overload and create a more secure and stable communication environment, each HXS10’s communications can be routed to the host system via another HXS10 unit.

The Energy Division of KUKA Systems North America offers engineering services, automated production modules, and complete turn-key production lines for the PV, solar thermal, and wind energy sectors. It is part of the KUKA Systems Group, a global supplier of flexible automation systems for the automotive, aerospace, energy, and industrial solutions sectors. KUKA Systems provides standardized solutions, which can be easily modified to suit customer-specific automation and working space requirements. KUKA Systems offers North American solar manufacturers two businesses in one: a global supplier of advanced solar production technologies, as well as a US-based integrator with demonstrated expertise in adapting those technologies for local use. KUKA Systems’ alternative energy product line-up covers almost every aspect of PV manufacturing—from the most sophisticated wire saw machines for slicing ingots into wafers to robotic work stations and full production lines to perform every task associated with assembling and testing PV modules.

IMO presents the new slew drive WD – LB 0140, which was especially developed to meet the requirements of solar thermal applications. The newly developed—and so far smallest—IMO slew drive stands out due to its extremely low-maintenance effort. It also has a high stiffness, which amongst other things is intensified by the elaborated slewing ring of the integrated IMO slew drive. A gearing with little axial clearance bears high demand on the precision of the position and the repetition when correcting the reflection mirrors. Appropriate heat treatment methods and coating processes, combined with the suitable lubricant and a new drive structure assure IMO, even under extreme environment conditions, offers an extremely long life span. With a compact design with a generously dimensioned output shaft for easy execution of supply lines, as well as individual adaptation of the drive motor and the provider system to customer specification, WD-LB 0140 can be integrated into almost every encoder system. Additionally, the environmental technology specialists will exhibit solar street lighting and solar home systems.

Yokogawa Corporation | www.yokogawa.com/us Booth 2807

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

KUKA Systems Corp. of North America www.kukanao.com Booth 109

nacleanenergy.com

IMO USA Corp. | www.goimo.com Booth 1743

Renewable Energy battery line US Battery is proud to release their all-new Renewable Energy battery, designed from the ground up. They have made improvements, which include their outside positive plates, OSP design, Diamond Plate Technology, and the all new Defender Moss Shield, making their new “RE L16 XC” battery line an ideal choice for renewable energy storage. US Battery | www.usbattery.com Booth 324

Electrical construction services Providing electrical construction services since 1891, MYR Group Inc. is a holding company of specialty construction service providers. With rapid growth in renewable energy, the skills of MYR companies are in demand to connect alternative energy sources to the US power grid. For nearly a decade, MYR companies have constructed substations, transmission lines, and collector systems for solar and wind farms nationwide. MYR’s Renewables division has the expertise needed for the success of these unique projects and provides clients with a single-point of contact throughout the duration of a project. MYR Group Inc. | www.myrgroup.com Booth 2131

High-density Li-Ion energy storage International Battery’s large-format prismatic rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are an ideal choice for solar applications requiring high-energy density in a scalable modular architecture. Offering robust thermal and cycling performance, as well as easy system expandability and comprehensive Battery Management Systems (BMS), International Battery’s lithiumion batteries are easily scalable from kilowatt-hours to megawatt hours. Made in the US and ideal for Smart Grid, utility energy storage, diurnal energy storage, industrial, military, and land/sea transportation applications, these lithium-ion cells offer quick charge times, small footprint, lighter weight, and excellent cycle life at high C rates, along with a low service maintenance and low capacity loss at high rates of discharge. Employing a unique environmentally friendly, water-based manufacturing process, International Battery’s Li-ion batteries meet a wide array of energy storage needs and offer several models that are UN Transport certified for shipments globally. International Battery www.internationalbattery.com Booth 1653 North American Clean Energy

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Solar-resource assessment & PV performance monitoring systems

Larger model residential inverters

Campbell Scientific now offers pre-wired packages for solarresource assessment and PV performance monitoring applications. These systems accurately and reliably measure on-site meteorological parameters, power generated, power consumed, and PV module temperature. Couple this measurement capacity with the ability to poll inverters and power meters to provide a single access point for all site data. Use Campbell Scientific’s LoggerNet 4.0 and LoggerNet Data Base software packages to automate data collection and data base archival from multiple sites. Alternatively integrate these packages into an existing SCADA or PLC infrastructure via ModBus or DNP3.0. Campbell Scientific designs and manufactures measurement and control instruments in the US, specializing in programmable, field-based dataloggers for environmental and industrial applications. With 35 years of experience and more than 150,000 units sold worldwide, Campbell dataloggers are well-known for quality measurements, versatility, and reliable performance—even in harsh, remote environments.

Solectria Renewables introduces the PVI6500 and PVI7500, expanding their residential inverter line to meet customers’ needs for larger model residential inverters. Solectria Renewables now offers eight residential inverter models ranging from 1.8kW to 7.5kW. The new PVI6500 and PVI7500 feature a wide operating voltage window, 96% CEC efficiency, a detachable wiring box, standard 10-year warranty, RS485/MODBUS RTU communication, and options for webbased monitoring and integrated panel assemblies.

Laser welding machine KIOTO Clear Energy, an OEM producer of solar thermal collectors and absorbers, presents its new laser welding machine: the 1,5 Mio. USD invest offers KIOTO the ability to produce Al/Cu or Cu/Cu absorbers in high-selective coated with full surface— now available in typical US sizes including 4" x 10" and 4" x 8". KIOTO Clear Energy S.A. de C.V. | www.kioto.com Booth 4826

Solectria Renewables www.solren.com Booth 3337

Campbell Scientific Inc. www.campbellsci.com/renewable-energy Booth 2424

Supply & Return lines for solar thermal water systems OmegaFlex introduces Solar-Trac flexible supply and return lines for solar thermal water systems. This new system provides the highest level of quality for tomorrow’s energy. SolarTrac is available in both insulated and un-insulated versions, adaptable to most solar thermal installation configurations. Solar-Trac Piping benefits include: T316L Stainless Steel; available sizes from 3/8" to 2"; tubing bends by hand; routes easily around obstacles; cuts using standard tubing cutter; special lengths available; Solar Flare fittings benefits include: self-flaring; no special tools; reliable metal-to-metal sealing surface; and, no gaskets or rubber washers. Solar-Trac by OmegaFlex www.solar-trac.net Booth 4222

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Solar Power Los Angeles 12 - 14 October 2010 Stand 2222

BETAflam® Solar – clean cables for clean energy BETAflam® 125 Solar is a label of our Solar- & Windpower business unit. BETAflam® cable are halogen free, flame retardant and electron-beam cross-linked. With TÜV/08.2007 approval and UL listing as „PV wire“ and „USE-2“, the cables are worldwide applicable. Solar- & Windpower business unit · www.leoni-solar-windpower.com The Quality Connection 72

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Hybrid lighting system The EverLast PVW Hybrid Induction Lighting System is a solar- and wind-powered area light system that utilizes a wind turbine, two solar panels, and a battery to store energy—making it a completely sustainable lighting system. Energy efficient, sensor-controlled EverLast induction lamps make this green technology possible. The EverLast PVW is compact in size, free-standing, and completely off the grid, allowing municipalities to reduce spending by reducing the energy and maintenance costs associated with other lighting systems. EverLast Induction Lighting (a product of Full Spectrum Solutions, Inc.) | www.everlastlight.com Booth 2120

100 MW inverter systems Alencon Systems, Inc. announced the release of a new series of grid-tied inverter systems engineered specifically to address every major aspect of large, utility scale renewable energy generation in the range from 4 MW to 100 MW. Their regulated current source technology provides impressive benefits: reliability backed by a best in class warranty/service package 99.1% CEC efficiency; active/reactive power control with cos(φ) +/- .9; robustness that allows low/zero voltage ride through; modularity with “hot,” swappable 2.5 MW Grid Inverter Package (GrIPTM) modules; and, 100% nominal output in all ambient temperatures. Coupled with a 2500V DC distributed harvesting network and a Virtual Reality 3D SCADA system, Alencon systems deliver up to 12% more energy into the grid. Alencon Systems, Inc. www.alenconsystems.com Booth 1709

Since 1942, providing solutions in power conversion, control and protection, Basler proudly announces Azimuth & elevation absolute encoder US Digital’s latest release is the HBA4 absolute, blind hollow bore shaft encoder. HBA4 absolute encoders are used as azimuth and elevation position sensors in two-axis tracking systems, commonly used in solar applications. The single turn encoder provides 16bits of resolution over 360° of shaft rotation and is available with a 12mm or 0.500" diameter bore size, with either a ball bearing or sleeve bushing bearing assembly. The HBA4 slips over a shaft and is locked in place with a nonmarring clamp mount. A flexible antirotation tether provides single-point mounting for bolt circles ranging from 2.50" up to 5.00" in diameter and compensates for shaft run out. The HBA4 communicates serially to a host via the industry standard RS485 bus and is sealed to an IP66 rating. US Digital | www.usdigital.com Booth 2815

THE NEW PCS-250

PV INVERTER The PCS-250 Grid-tied PV inverter is designed, manufactured and assembled in the U.S.A. Basler also designs and manufactures the bridges, enclosures, transformers and electronics, providing in-house control over all critical parts. Integrated Protection and High-Speed Ethernet Communications include IEC 61850, DNP 3 and Modbus protocols. High efficiency ratings provide maximum power. Assembled in NEMA-4/3R Weather-proof enclosures suitable for severe outdoor applications.

Available in June 2011

Basler’s reputation for quality and reliability are evident in all aspects of the new Inverter product line, which is available with a 10 year warranty.

www.basler.com/solar Corporate Headquarters Highland, IL, 62249 USA Tel 618 654 2341 info@basler.com

DESIGNED and MANUFACTURED in the USA

North American Clean Energy

solar power international show in print

Solar panel foundation

Ground-mount systems

PV weather products & services

CHANCE (Hubbell Power Systems) powerinstalled steel foundations can be used to support solar panels, small turbines, and a variety of equipment associated with clean energy. They are proven in the electric utility and telecommunications industry in a variety of applications, including steel transmission towers, substation, and equipment support applications. CHANCE also manufacturers a full line of power-installed earth anchors and foundations for tieback, residential, and soil nail applications, as well as micropiles used for supporting large buildings.

Patriot Solar Group, engineer and manufacturer of solar tracking systems, announces its new ground-mount systems. Patriotâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ground-mount system is a cost-effective solution to using solar energy. Made out of a three-piece, pounded post design, the system costs less than competitors. They are ideal for large commercial and utility scale installations, and are modular with quick assembly. With a rugged, weather-resistant design, the ground-mount system is backed by a 10-year warranty against mechanical failure of the frame construction. The systems are ideal for megawatt and multi-megawatt systems, and include millfinished rails designed for exact panel fit. The systems start at 1 kW and go up to utility size. Ground mounts can be custom fit to customerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs.

Q-Lab Corporation produces quality, affordable weathering products and services for the PV industry. Conducting accelerated weathering tests allows customers to make informed decisions about a productâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s durability in a reasonable amount of time. Q-Labâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s easy to use line of weathering test chambers includes the QUV Accelerated Weathering Tester, the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most widely used weathering tester, which provides the best simulation of short-wave sunlight and moisture for accelerated physical property testing. The Q-Sun Xenon Test Chamber is a weathering and light stability tester that realistically reproduces and accelerates damage caused by full-spectrum sunlight. Additional features, such as water spray, expand the number of unique environments that can be simulated.

CHANCE | www.a.b.chance.com Booth 543

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Patriot Solar Group | www.patriotsolargroup.com Booth 5719

Q-Lab Corporation | www.q-lab.com Booth 3477

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MEET US AT THE SOLAR POWER INTERNATIONAL TRADE SHOW

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ZillaÂŽ, a universal mounting and racking system, has just come out with new, never before seen, Electrical & Thermal Flashing Assembly. It is simply THE BEST on the market. The ZillaÂŽ Electrical & Thermal Flashing Assembly features a water-tight seal which doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t require caulk or rubber boots. Why choose a system where you have to replace the caulk every few years? You can have ZillaÂŽ for a lifetime! See a demonstration of the ZillaÂŽ Electrical & Thermal Flashing Assembly and check out all ZillaÂŽ products at Solar Power International, BOOTH 1064, this October.

, 'MFY 4PMBSÂ&#x2122; products are a quick and easy solution for insulating ďŹ&#x201A;uid recirculation lines in solar hot water systems. Designed to minimize heat loss, K-Flex Solarâ&#x201E;˘ delivers a cost effective and environmentally responsible way to heat water for residential and commercial needs. For more information, contact K-Flex USA today and receive your free sample of K-Flex Solarâ&#x201E;˘.

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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PLUMBING

HVAC/R

COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL

MARINE

OIL&GAS

SOLAR

KFAD-0086-0810

Solar electric solutions for installers SunWize Technologies is a distributor of PV systems and components (including modules, inverters, and BOS) to installers serving the on-grid residential/commercial, off-grid residential, and industrial markets. In addition to wholesale distribution, SunWize also installs residential and commercial PV systems, offers solar franchises, designs and integrates off-grid industrial systems and manufactures specialty modules for unique end-use applications. SunWize is backed by the reputation and stability of their parent, Mitsui & Co. Ltd, one of the world’s largest and oldest trading companies. SunWize Technologies | http://sunwize.com Booth 3911

Solar bypass solution Microsemi Corporation’s new LX2400 integrated circuit solution for the solar bypass function is designed to set a new standard in performance and cool operation. Its patented CoolRUN technology provides minimum heat generation— less than 100° C rise at 10 amps, setting the stage for higher current modules. Its 40-year high-reliability design provides extreme environment survivability to further support long-life warranties. The LX2400 Bypass is fully functional from -650° C to +1650° C, while passing 1.4 Joule lightning tests. Its typical forward voltage is rated at 50mV, 10A@850° C and its reverse current is rated at 100uA leakage@ 850° C. Its significant improvements in reliability over conventional bypass diodes can result in substantial reductions in warranty costs, increasing system profitability. Microsemi Corporation www.microsemi.com Booth 2949

Concentrator PV systems SolFocus will showcase its Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) systems, currently producing clean energy in California, Arizona, Mexico, Australia, and other high solar resource regions around the globe. The company’s CPV design utilizes high-efficiency multi-junction solar cells in combination with an advanced, reflective optical system to concentrate sunlight 650 times. The SolFocus system achieves high power production levels using durable, low-cost materials like glass and aluminum—materials that contribute to the system being over 97% recyclable. The dual-axis tracking system provides a broad shoulder of energy production from sunrise to sunset with a perfect match to peak demand. With high efficiency and volume manufacturing capacity, SolFocus CPV systems are scalable from one to 100+ MW installations. SolFocus, Inc. | www.solfocus.com Booth 2305

«Renewable energy – an excellent idea deserves excellent connections» Solar energy Connect with holistic RADOX® SOLAR connectivity solutions. Use our quality to secure your solar power. Wind energy Fiber optic, copper and wireless solutions for the nacelle and control system, and between towers in the windpark. MASTERLINE pre-terminated fiber optic cable system for safe, quick and easy installation

RADOX® Solar cables, connectors and junction boxes for high performance modules

USA and Canada: Toll free 1866 HUBER SUHNER

(1-866-482-3778) Fax 1 802-878-9880

HUBER+SUHNER AG Tumbelenstrasse 20 8330 Pfäffikon

Switzerland info@hubersuhner.com

hubersuhner.com

North American Clean Energy

solar power international show in print

ETL certiﬁed panel mount DC solar connectors

Cable protection systems

Alternative energy credentialing programs

Wieland’s PST 40i1 DC solar connectors now include ETL certification for their panel mount (bulkhead) connectors and field assembled units. ETL certification assures users that Wieland PST 40i1 panel mount connectors have been tested by an independent testing laboratory and conform to applicable performance and safety standards. Rated to 40A DC, use the panel mount connectors for enclosure applications including DC-DC converters, combiner boxes, and transition boxes. External installation of panel mount connectors allows an enclosure device to be tested off-site and shipped ready to install in the field. The contact’s wire size ranges from 2.5mm2 (14 AWG) through 10mm2 (8 AWG), allowing for higher gauge wire to mitigate voltage drops. Connector resistance, typically below one milliohm, minimizes power losses. NEC code requires a tool to disconnect the PV connection. Wieland PST 40i1 connectors provide a low-cost solution using a safety clip, which can be removed with a standard screw driver.

PMA is pleased to announce the launch of XSOL three-layer co-extrusion technology conduits. These conduits have an outer layer of modified Polyamide 12, a thin layer of a special bonding compound in the middle, and an inner layer of modified Polyamide 6. This combination of materials offers many outstanding characteristics. Above all, the conduits have excellent resistance to UV and weathering provided by the outer layer of PA12. They are highly flexible and resistant to continuous bending cycles but, at the same time, have very high compression strength and impact resistance even at low temperatures. Additionally, they possess good fire safety characteristics and are free of cadmium and halogen. The XSOL conduits belong to the PMAFLEX product range and are a medium duty conduit. They offer an extremely long life in external, dynamic, and static environments, as well as excellent resistance to compression and impact forces.

For over 32 years, ETA has met industry’s emerging technologies demands. Recently released, ETA International’s comprehensive Alternative Energy credentialing program is unlike any other green certification provider. The program currently offers Photovoltaic Installer (as well as Small Wind Installer and Commercial Wind Maintainer) “Hands-On” certifications. Each focus includes a threetier career track for individuals to expand their knowledge within alternative energy fields. The certification programs are accepted by many in the industry including all branches of the US Military, Motorola, Corning, and others. ETA is a member of the Canadian Solar Industries Association (CanSIA), Solar Electric Power Association (SEPA), and Continental Automated Buildings Association (CABA). The association is comprised of over 5,000 members, 700 subject matter experts who serve on various industry advisory committees, and 1,000 exam/certification administrators.

Wieland Electric Inc. | www.wielandinc.com Booth 1400

PMA USA, Inc. | www.pma-usa.org Booth 6210

Electronics Technicians Association (ETA), International www.certifymegreen.org Booth 2229

Pre-engineered racking systems Unistrut Energy Solutions now offers pre-engineered racking systems demonstrating a cost-effective support structure for photovoltaic panels in a wide variety of solar applications including rooftop, ground, and ballast-mounted installations. These systems provide labor and material savings to the marketplace. Four new designs will meet the wind load, snow load, dead load, and seismic requirements of approximately 75% to 80% of all commercial solar applications. With minor modifications the system can be customized to meet more specific requirements. The designs are flexible and efficient to optimize the use of product and affordable materials. These systems utilize a limited number of pieces for simple connections, and lengthened spans to minimize roof or ground penetrations. This makes the system easy to install resulting in a cost reduction of 30% to 35% over custom racking systems. Unistrut Energy Solutions www.unistrutenergy.com Booth 1515 76

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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Automated solar installations

Flat roof-mounting solution Engineered for flat roof-mounting applications, ISYS Roof Mount is a non-penetrating solution that can be installed at a rate of 2kW to 3kW per man hour, making it one of the fastest, easiest, and most cost-effective solutions on the market today. The configurable design accommodates 0° to 30° module tilt and best of all, requires no ballast blocks or concrete in 90mph to 120mph basic wind zones.The patented ISYS beams are designed to work with a variety of standoffs and flashings when attachments are necessary for seismic and high wind zones requirements. Accompanied by Unirac’s personalized Custom Solutions Division, a team devoted to supplying a complete suite of services including structural design services, onsite installer training, delivery logistics, and field support, are all personalized to ensure accurate installation.

AP Alternatives is a manufacture of modular solar racking systems for commercial and utility scale projects. They have created and patented the Solar Paver System, an automated installation system for utility scale ground-mount solar arrays, which greatly reduce the installation time, labor, and cost. By using factory production automation, they produce process/quality controlled modular racking with solar modules pre-loaded into the racking and delivered to the field pre-wired. With no fasteners required, the Solar Paver System is capable of array construction at a rate of 10 MW in 22 days with a field crew of 12; with the panel-to-panel wiring and cable management complete, ready for simple home run wiring in integrated wire management trays. AP Alternatives also offers a modular flat roof racking system, the Flat-Rac with the zero-fastener feature that can be configured project specific for high-density roof mount arrays. AP Alternatives, home of the angle roof mount Solar Ray, manufactures all of their own products efficiently, providing installers extremely competitive pricing for large solar projects. AP Alternatives | www.apalternatives.com Booth 1625

Unirac | www.unirac.com

Monocrystalline cell technology MAGE POWERTEC PLUS modules utilize a monocrystalline cell technology with an electrical efficiency of up to 17.3%. With allowable tolerances of up to +5 watts, maximum power is guaranteed without any compromise and nominal power is obtained or even exceeded. MAGE’s competitive 10-year product warranty far surpasses legal requirements and the added guarantee of 90% nominal power for 12 years and 80% for 30 years, providing customers with three full decades of reassurance. Due to their engineered hollow section frame and 3.22mm special solar glass, MAGE POWERTEC Plus models meet maximum demands with regards to stability and corrosion resistance. The high-quality EVA foil allows ideal embedding of the solar cells, while the weatherproof foil backing of the modules protects against humidity. In addition, these robust modules resist a maximum pressure of 5,400 Pa/113 psf. MAGE SOLAR Projects, Inc. www.magesolar.com Booth 2653

CALL 1 (888) 878-8750 TO FIND OUT MORE, OR GO ONLINE Heliodyne, Inc. • 4910 Seaport Avenue • Richmond, CA 94804 T: 1.888.878.8750 or 510.237.9614 • F: 510.237.7018 Information & Support: info@heliodyne.com Sales Inquiries: sales@heliodyne.com www.heliodyne.com

EXCELLENCE BY DESIGN

North American Clean Energy

solar power international show in print Velocity MW solar power plants SOLON Corporation offers a unique combination of PV module manufacturing and power plant expertise to the NA market—providing complete turn-key PV systems solutions from design and construction to financing and operation. SOLON’s modular Velocity MW solar power plants are designed to maximize kWh with the fastest realization of grid-connected solar electricity. Features include large SOLON modules; single-axis tracking; modular 1 MW blocks; centralized power conversion box; advanced SCADA system for remote monitoring and maximizing uptime; streamlined installation and reduced permitting time; and, scalable to 100 MW+. All Velocity solar power plants combine high-efficiency components with proven design and construction to reduce energy costs. Innovative financing through SOLON’s power purchase agreements provides the immediate benefit of lower electricity rates with no upfront investment—just a monthly solar electricity fee with predictable rates over the life of the contract. SOLON | www.solon.com Booth 4637

Silicon PV modules Solaria Corporation designs, manufactures, and markets silicon PV modules to solar system integrators, project developers, and electric utilities. Based on its patented low-cost technology, Solaria’s modules provide reliable performance while matching form, fit, and performance of conventional PV modules. Solaria modules are designed specifically for ground-mounted tracking systems and certified to UL1703 and IEC61215 standards. Solaria Corporation | www.solaria.com Booth 4837

Accurately Monitoring the Performance of your Solar Energy System

CSP & PV construction Mortenson Construction, a renewable energy contractor in North America, is widely recognized for their expertise in collection systems, substations, transmission lines, interconnect arrangements, and their rapidly growing CSP and PV construction experience. Mortenson has installed more than 9,100 megawatts of renewable wind power facilities and utility scale solar power systems over the past 15 years.

To maximize the effectiveness of your solar energy system, you need to know how it is performing. A Kipp & Zonen pyranometer accurately measures the solar radiation available to your system in real time. Comparing this with the power generated allows you to calculate the efficiency of the system. A drop in efficiency indicates the need for cleaning, ageing or a fault, allowing you to schedule preventive maintenance and to monitor your return on investment.

Mortenson Construction www.mortenson.com Booth 2119

Make that diﬀerence and contact Kipp & Zonen for the solutions available. Visit us at booth 2129 at Solar Power International 2010, Los Angeles, CA

Custom aluminum extrusions for solar application

SALES OFFICE Kipp & Zonen USA Inc. 125 Wilbur Place Bohemia NY 11716 USA Rodney Esposito T: +1 (0) 631 589 2065 ext. 338 F: +1 (0) 631 589 2068 M: +1 (0) 631 786 1 558 rodney.esposito@kippzonen.com www.kippzonen.com

Sapa Extrusions is a key supplier of aluminum profiles for the solar industry. Sapa’s Renewable Energy Organization provides solutions to all solar market segments including: PV mounting systems; module frames and components; CSP collectors; inverter housings and components; and, heat sinks for inverters. Sapa’s North American Technical Center works with clients to establish finished designs for innovative custom features and improved end-use applications. Sapa’s resources include custom extrusion design, finishing, and fabricating. Sapa Renewable Energy www.sapagroup.com/solar Booth 5746

Higher efﬁciency monocrystalline cells

Sealing, adhering & installation technologies ADCO’s proactive development focus is on edge sealants, attachment adhesives, primers, J-Box adhesives and pottants, frame adhesives, and rail bonding. Their total systems approach to material, equipment, reliability, and installation brings all the pieces together. Their innovative chemistries, which include polyisobutylene (PIB), acrylic, MS polymer, and polyurethane, among others, have proven track records of performance. “Best-inclass” moisture barrier with PIB makes it the perfect solution for UL certification. ADCO’s equipment alliances ensure their systems approach provides a material/ equipment integrated solution, with equipment expertise. Built around a century of glass-to-glass bonding, ADCO is a global provider for sealing insulated glass with in-field expertise with ‘peel & stick’ commercial roofing installation—areas that directly relate to solar PV module assembly and installation. ADCO Products, Inc. | www.adcocorp.com Booth 732

Following the trends in the PV industry, which always tend to propose higher power output, Upsolar is now extending its power range for their monocrystalline series. Standard 72 cells (UP-MM series) are available from 165Wp to 195Wp, thanks to the production of larger ingots (diameter 165mm). Usolar’s Black Series will also increase its output range from 160Wp to 190Wp. As a result of the company’s new Research Center, Upsolar is now conducting a series of tests to select the best components—several of the leading brands of junction boxes, TPT, EVA, glass, silicone, and frames are assembled and tested at their Shanghai laboratory. According to the results of these tests (in climatic chambers, outdoors, in the water etc.), Upsolar is able to choose the best for their clients. At the same time, cells are thoroughly checked at the production platforms to optimize the output of the products. Upsolar Co., Ltd. | www.upsolar.com Booth 3953

CAUTION

ONE MEAN BATTERY

Accelerated UV weathering system EYE Lighting International, a subsidiary of Iwasaki Electric Co., announced the introduction of a new super acceleration UV durability/weathering system providing the fastest acceleration rate in the industry. UV/weather durability testing is a necessity for any product that must endure the harsh treatment of Mother Nature. As PV module life expectancy extends beyond 30 years, faster accelerated life testing is critical for improved quality and profitability. EYE’s SUV-W151 system provides acceleration factors 10 times typical Xenon chambers. With more than 30 times natural sunlight UV energy, this system can simulate three years of outdoor exposure in only nine days of testing. Spectral filtering cuts UV irradiation below 295nm to replicate natural sunlight and correlated acceleration factors up to 100 times natural solar UV irradiation provide proven, extended outdoor exposure evaluation testing. All weathering parameters and cycle functions are fully programmable, including rainfall. EYE Lighting International www.eyesolarlux.com Booth 320

Available in 20 countries on 6 continents worldwide, Rolls offers the broadest product line of deep cycle, low maintenance and maintenance free batteries for the Renewable Energy market. From large-scale storage to small village electrification, our flooded or AGM storage batteries deliver the power you need every time. Each is backed by our industry leading warranty, solid reputation and 97% recyclable at end of life. Green just got a whole lot meaner.

T. 1.800.681.9914 E. sales@rollsbattery.com www.rollsbattery.com

North American Clean Energy

solar power international show in print DC ďŹ lter for PV systems Schurterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new DC filter, series FMER SOL is designed for use on the DC side of the inverter in photovoltaic systems and other DC systems. EMC standards impose strict limits on the noise generated from solar panel lines downstream from the grid. Using FMER SOL filter on the DC side of the inverter ensures EMC compliance. The FMER SOL is rated 25 A to 1500 A at 55Â° C ambient temperature, at voltages up to 1200 VDC. The filters also carry cURus and ENEC approvals up to 75Â° C ambient temperature, with corresponding reduced rated currents. Offered in both standard and medical M5 versions, the filters are equipped with screw clamps for types up to 150 A and copper bars for types upwards of 250 A. Schurter Inc. | www.schurterinc.com/pdf/english/typ_fmer_sol.pdf Booth 3242

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PV modules

Solar system integration & installation

Phono Solar announces another breakthrough in PV modules with the release of the PS240M-AC module. The PS240M-AC features a built in micro-inverter designed to simplify the installation process and increase the productivity of PV arrays. The Phono Solar PS240M-AC panel eliminates DC wiring, reduces costs, line losses, and shock hazard. Beginning in Q4 2010, the Phono Solar AC module will offer plug-and-play capabilities for PV system design throughout the US and the world. Phono Solar | www.phonosolarusa.com Booth 4489

Solex Energies is a solar system integration and installation company. At the root of their enterprise is a solid foundation in PV design, procurement, and construction (EPC), which allows them to continually strive to make solar a more viable alternative energy resource. Solex Energies staff and industry partners offer a full-service solution for solar design, contracting, procurement, installation, and system support. Solex Energies attributes are their leveraged purchasing power and superior aptitude for managing public, private, and government projects. They are authorized dealers and service technicians for quality warranted products that meet UL and CEC standards for safety and performance. Solex Energies www.solexenergies.com Booth 3557

Power transformer design & construction Virginia Transformer is at the forefront of engineering creative, cost-effective solutions for the alternative energy industry. With nearly a 40-year history in custom-design and construction of power transformers, VT has firmly established itself as a US transformer manufacturer. Their three state-of-the-art North American facilities produce power transformers for every conceivable applicationâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;GSU, drive duty, autotransformers, voltage regulator, power distribution, just to name a fewâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and their product line runs all the way from 300 KVA up to 300 MVA, both oil and dry type. They pride themselves on superior quality, customer service, the shortest lead times in the industry, and on an expert engineering staff that works from the 10,000+ designs they have archived to assist in designing the perfect transformer to meet customersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; specific needs. VT supplies transformers for utility, industrial, transit, commercial, alternative energy, and specialty markets worldwide. Virginia Transformer www.vatransformer.com Booth 136 North American Clean Energy

solar power international show in print Batteries for renewable energy applications MK Battery is proud to offer the DEKA UNIGY II Line for Renewable Energy applications. Designed with a modular approach to creating customized battery banks to meet most any voltage and capacity requirement, the multi-cell, modular design includes all racking, series connections, and terminals specified for a system. Comprised of two-volt AGM cells ranging in capacity from 107ah to 2,367ah, the Deka Unigy II Line is available either as single cell, two-volt cans that can be hand-carried and are stackable, or in multi-cell module configurations.

Newly released Electrical and Thermal Flashing Systems by Zilla are engineered to integrate with any system size and standard industry components. Both flashing systems provide strong, secure, simple installation for combiner and junction boxes, thermal systems, and much more. Leaving no parts exposed to degradation and requiring no caulk, these systems can be implemented on the roof or wall, require fewer penetrations than any other system (no need to find studs), and are leak-free with proper installation.

MK Battery | www.mkbattery.com Booth 1420

Next Generation Energy | www.ngeus.com | www.zillarac.com Booth 1064

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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Cable interconnect solutions

Greenpower Capital has partnerships with several institutional investors that represent a combined $30 billion in funds earmarked for solar and wind renewable energy projects. Their Early-stage Developer Buyout Program can pay a 3% to 6% developer fee upfront, depending on the project economics—the developer can stay in the project or opt out. Project should have site control and executed PPA. Greenpower’s Leasing Program provides flexible lease terms for smaller systems of 100Kw and up. Greenpower’s Equity and Debt Finance Programs can provide a developer with equity investment or debt financing. The Full Project Acquisition Programs are designed to purchase completed projects—the investor will contract for purchase prior or after construction. For pre-construction commitments, 100% of construction funds can be advanced in most cases, with final take-out purchase at COD. Project should be shovel-ready with requirements similar to the Earlystage Buyout, as well as interconnect agreement, system design, EPC contract, and the necessary approvals.

C&M Corporation | www.cmcorporation.com Booth 2409

Source: juwi AG

Project ﬁnance, leasing & acquisition

C&M Corporation is a vertically integrated manufacturer of bulk cable, coil cords, and cable assemblies, both molded and mechanical. The company produces a wide range of cable interconnect solutions for the industrial, renewable energy, military, data collection, datacom/telecom marketplaces, and more. C&M provides engineered interconnect solutions through reliable customer service, quality systems, and a wide breadth of manufacturing capabilities that include bulk cable production, internal mold tool fabrication, and innovative assembly constructions. Within the renewable energy marketplace, C&M has created interconnect solutions found in solar collector, solar concentrator, solar inverter, and wind turbine product platforms.

Greenpower Capital www.greenpowercap.com Booth 967

PV design & installation At Legrand/Cablofil, staff engineers are available to recommend the most efficient structure for installing a solar farm. Maximizing pier spacing and size can reduce costs and installation time. Their engineering staff can also specifically design a system to withstand PV wind and snow loads from supplied specifications. Before ordering, a complete report will be available that describes all components needed for the installation with supporting data and drawings. Legrand/Cablofil’s goal is a well-designed, easy to install, longlasting installation. Legrand/Cablofil www.legrand.us/cablofil Booth 235 North American Clean Energy

solar power international show in print

Solar PV modules The proprietary Day4 Electrode technology is the new standard for photovoltaic modules that virtually eliminates the power losses due to cell interconnections traditionally experienced in legacy solar modules. With over 2,100 independent electrical contacts on each cell, the Day4 Electrode is a highquality power collection system. Leveraging the flexible cell layout feature of the Day4 Electrode, the recently developed Guardian Technology creates a large number of independently operating segments within the module—up to three times more than standard modules—that are able to produce electricity even if one or more segments are shaded.

Solar hot water control units

Black frame & black back sheet modules

Heliodyne offers Delta-T controllers, its line of advanced solar hot water control units. The Pro Lite, which will be a new version of the Delta-T controller, is scheduled to be released this fall. They also offer a new iPhone/iPad app for the Delta-T Pro and Pro Lite controllers. The mobile app allows users to monitor and adjust their solar thermal system from the convenience of their smart phone.

The availability of a whole new fleet of black frame and black back sheet crystalline solar modules of ET Solar is mainly for the North American market, including both the US and Canada. The black modules significantly enhance the aesthetics for both residential and commercial projects, and the new fleet includes mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline modules. The black mono-crystalline ET-M572 series modules are made with black anodized aluminum frames and black triple-layer black back sheet. The ET-M572 175w to 185w series modules are encapsulated with 72 five-inch, high-efficient mono-crystalline solar cells with efficiency up to 14.1%. These sleek new modules are perfect for residential installations. The black multi-crystalline ET-P654, ET-P660, and ET-P672 series modules are made with black anodized frames only. They are encapsulated with 54, 60, and 72 six-inch multi-crystalline cells. The black framed multi-crystalline modules allow for a 200w to 280w power range, with efficiency up to 14.4%. The ET-M572 and ET-P660 series are a great match with micro-inverters that are often used in the US.

Heliodyne www.heliodyne.com Booth 4301

Day4 Energy www.day4energy.com Booth 2937

Steel galvanizing AZZ Galvanizing Services, a division of AZZ, Inc., is the largest steel galvanizer in the US, owning and operating 33 hot-dip galvanizing plants strategically located nationwide. AZZ operates kettles ranging from 25' to 62' in length. With the company’s network of plants, it is able to accommodate the largest projects with customized turnaround time at a competitive price. “GalvXtra,” its unique nickel-zinc alloy process, helps meet the highest quality standards that are necessary in the vastly competitive after-fabrication steel market. AZZ Galvanizing Services www.azzgalvanizing.com Booth 5834

ET Solar | www.etsolar.us Booth 3328

We put all the pieces of solar technology together.

ADHERING SEALING SURFACE PREP INSTALLATION

ADCO, a world leader in adhesives, sealants and primers, provides custom solutions designed to exceed the demanding specifications for the assembly and installation of photovoltaic modules. w w w . a d c o c o r p . c o m

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Custom automation solutions Isthmus Engineering & Manufacturing has been providing custom automation solutions to industry since 1980. Isthmus provides the solar industry with manufacturing solutions not otherwise available in the marketplace, resulting in higher efficiency, improved quality control, and lower manufacturing costs for solar products. Isthmus’ automation solutions apply the company’s expertise in a range of technologies including robotic integration, machine vision, custom material handling, system integration, custom packaging, web handling, and various other custom processes. Isthmus’ recent applications include integration of the Adept Quattro robot with vision guidance.

Renewable energy law ﬁrm

Isthmus Engineering & Manufacturing | www.isthmuseng.com Booth 533

Best Best & Krieger is the California connection for renewable energy projects, and are the go-to law firm for environmental compliance, water rights, land use permitting, energy contracts, and financing. Public entities and private ventures rely on Best Best & Krieger to strategically navigate projects through any regulatory hurdle or legal challenge. Their attorneys have successfully counseled clients regarding the development of solar PV, solar thermal, geothermal, wind, biofuel, and cogeneration facilities. Unique to BB&K is their nationally recognized expertise in water law and the high volume of projects they have worked on under the California Solar Initiative rebate program: BB&K Partner Sophie Akins has handled 15% of California’s public agency solar projects. With 200 attorneys and eight offices, Best Best & Krieger knows the laws that govern renewable energy projects and the agencies that enforce them.

Sputtering targets for thin ﬁlm solar cells

Best Best & Krieger | www.bbklaw.com Booth 2615

Custom-design structures M Bar C Construction is the solution for general contractors, corporate divisions, and government entities that desire large- and small-scale projects. Using light and heavy structural steel, they incorporate solar efficiency to parking lot canopies and carports, fixed and tracker system parking structure canopies, and ground-mounted units. M Bar C Construction provides cost-efficient solutions to customer’s design specifications, or they can provide a design build featuring the economical pre-fab industrial look, to aesthetically pleasing and award-winning custom structures. M Bar C Construction is licensed and compliant with Cal/OSHA safety programs, state prevailing wage law, and project labor agreements. They have also acquired a Division of the State Architect (DSA) pre-check approval number for their photovoltaic canopy design. M Bar C Construction www.mbarconline.com Booth 3353

Powerful thin ﬁlms needed? Go for our sputtering targets made of molybdenum and its alloys, tungsten, and chromium. Perfect quality for more efﬁciency in CIS/CIGS, CdTe, and CSP. Come and check us out: glasstec, Düsseldorf Solar Power, Los Angeles

www.plansee.com

solar power international show in print Waterproof solar installation Quick Mount PV makes code compliant, flashed mounting systems that attach solar racking and panels to composition, wood shake, and tile roofs. Quick Mount PV maintains the life of new and existing roof warranties by meeting all building codes and protecting the structure with proper waterproofing. The all-aluminum flashing and standoff block combined with stainless steel hardware give the product a 50-year life. No roof cutting is required, keeping the roof and its warranty safe. Designed by installers for installers, Quick Mount PV easily works with all leading racks. Patented proprietary technology creates a water impermeable bond between flashing and mount. Composition and shake mounts are ICC certified for strength, quality, and waterproofing. Quick Mount PV | www.quickmountpv.com Booth 1426

Solar water heating GLE Solar Energy has launched an innovative solar thermal product for the North American market. Their design is based on a technology utilized in Germany and China that has been in production for over four years. The new product offers a unique approach for solar water heating by offering a design that does not require being mounted on the roof and offers a minimum footprint. With the units mounted in a vertical position, the collector tubes offer 360Â° solar absorption. The collector technology and heat transfer design offer a longer collection time per day and reduce heat loss improving overall hot water production. The new products can be integrated into existing systems or as part of a new construction projects. With this unique design, it can be utilized as a fence, handrail, barrier, or simply as a standalone unit. Providing as much as 92,000 Btuâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s per panel per day, these units can be used in residential, as well as commercial applications. Existing system applications are radiant floor heating, pool heating, spa heating, domestic hot water heating, and industrial evaporation systems. GLE Solar Energy www.glesolar.com Booth 4727

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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Applied Energy Technologies (AET) offers their Rayport-series racking systems for the commercial flat-roof PV mount market. Installers across the US and Canada have noted the ease of installation and adaptability of the Rayport. Currently in use on small private buildings and large commercial rooftops, the Rayport has become the go-to flat roof solution. The Rayport system is now available in tilt angles of 0Â° to 30Â°, making it even more adaptable for projects with panel-output specific incentives. Rayport is completely made in the US, and soon will also be made in Canada. Applied Energy Technologies www.aetenergy.com Booth 974

Solar system design & installation PermaCity Solar specializes in energy solutions, ensuring its clients minimize their carbon footprint and maintain a long-term, competitive advantage by installing solar power systems engineered to significantly reduce energy costs. The company has demonstrated particular expertise in designing and installing its systems atop large commercial buildings, government institutions, and homes. PermaCity Solar believes that on-site, clean energy generation can be achieved through the implementation of solar systems that utilize environmentally friendly and energy efficient building materials in a cost-effective manner.

Deep cycle lead acid batteries Trojan Battery Company will present its full portfolio of high-quality deep cycle lead acid batteries for energy storage solutions in renewable energy applications and backup power systems. With over 85 years of experience in lead acid technology, Trojan Battery's advanced deep cycle flooded, GEL, and AGM batteries deliver reliable and long-lasting performance in demanding renewable energy applications. Trojan’s RE Series is also a line of advanced deep cycle flooded lead acid batteries optimized for renewable energy applications. Trojan’s energy storage products receive international recognition for delivering consistent, reliable power at the lowest life cycle system cost. The combination of innovative features like Trojan’s DuraGrid, MaxGuard XL separator, and Alpha Plus Paste with T2 technologies contributes to this line of batteries providing superior performance, rugged durability, and long life.

PermaCity Solar | www.permacity.com Booth 1333

There are Only Two Sources You Can Depend on...

Trojan Battery Company www.trojanbattery.com Booth 1521

Metal roll forming & assembly A metal roll forming and assembly company, Pyramid Mouldings supplies the structural frames for supporting solar panels, whether for PV or a concentrating system. They can handle any type of metal—from aluminum and steel to galvanized and stainless—and can roll form up to about 22" wide coils and 3/16" thick. With multiple facilities, Pyramid Mouldings has strategic sourcing arrangements with metal suppliers and is pursuing joint ventures to locate equipment in metal service centers to eliminate intermediate freight costs. Their goal is to simplify the supply chain and use lean manufacturing techniques, thereby, minimizing costs.

and We’re Not 93 Million Miles Away Solar Simulation Systems by EYE Any solar simulation system is only as good as its light source.

And, with local engineering, manufacturing, and support,

Only EYE Lighting/Iwasaki Electric designs and manufactures

there is no reason to look any further.

the light source and optics system in addition to complete solar simulation equipment. This unique integrated approach ensures that your simulator is designed from inception around

Call today or visit www.eyesolarlux.com to find a solution to your solar simulation needs.

the proper lighting system for your particular application requirements.

EYE LIGHTING I N T E R NAT I ON A L

www.eyesolarlux.com Mentor, OH 44060 | (888) 665-2677

EYE Lighting International of North America, Inc., a division of Iwasaki Electric of Japan

Pyramid Mouldings www.pyramidmouldings.com Booth 429

North American Clean Energy

solar power international show in print

Turn-key solar solutions

Experience You Can Count On Over 20 Years Experience Designing for the Utility-Scale Solar Industry

Solar 10 MWe Solar Thermal One Central Receiver Pilot Plant

Parabolic Trough Solar Panels

Solar Dish Technology

Hub City began designing and manufacturing custom gear drives for the utility-scale solar industry in the 1980s with Solar One, the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first solar power plant located in the Mojave desert.

Today, engineers put these rugged Hub City drives in parabolic trough tracking systems as well as Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) systems.

When you need single or dual axis tracker drives for collector troughs or units for other types of mounting and tracking systems for solar panels, you can count on Hub City to provide expert application support.

HUB CITY )NDUSTRIAL !VENUE s 0 / "OX !BERDEEN 3$ s &AX SALES HUBCITYINC COM s WWW HUBCITYINC COM

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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Schneider Electric introduces a new single-phase grid-tie inverter family designed for the residential PV market. These transformer-based inverters range from 2.8 to 5 kW and offer high-efficiency, simple installation, and meet Schneider Electricâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rigorous design and quality standards. Schneider Electric is also launching a new three-phase PV inverter, the GT500 480 is a 500 kW central inverter designed to interface at 480 VAC. The inverter is developed for rooftop and ground-mount installations either as a stand-alone unit or as part of our turn-key solutions. Schneider Electric is also introducing an innovative highvoltage solar Charge Controller for XW battery-based inverter systems. The MPPT 80 Amp charges 24V and 48V DC battery banks from PV arrays up to 600 volts, significantly reducing DC wiring and conduit costs and increasing installation flexibility. Schneider Electric www.schneider-electric.com Booth 1211

Complete line of grid-tied solar inverters Advanced Energy is a power and control technologies company for highgrowth, thin-film manufacturing and solar-power generation. The company recently acquired PV Powered, a manufacturer of grid-tied PV inverters that have set new industry standards in reliability and efficiency. AE Solaron and PV Powered inverters provide the industry with the broadest portfolio of inverters covering power ranges from 1100W to 500kW for residential and commercial applications, as well as factory integrated 1 MW to 2 MW size solutions for utility scale applications. The AE and PV Powered commercial inverter portfolio is now combined under AEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s global service offeringsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;including our 99% inverter uptime. Advanced Energyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s complete line of inverters is compliant with the Buy American Act and is eligible for use in government projects funded by the federal stimulus package. PV Powered | www.pvpowered.com Booth 1201

Sectional terminal blocks Marathon Special Products has released a new addition to their Sectional Terminal Block offering. The new 7/16" Sectional Terminal Blocks have been tested and comply with UL and CSA standards. This includes versatile capabilities such as use with multiple wires and with flexible stranded wire classes. These small profile blocks accommodate lugged or bare wires up to 40 amps, and are mountable on standard DIN rails. The new series has a robust design that allows it to withstand abuse that tends to break or distort existing sectional blocks. These blocks are ideal for elevator systems and industrial control panels where flexibility of circuit design is necessary. Marathon Special Products www.marathonsp.com Booth 1320

Roll forming Over 60 years of expertise in the design and production of roll-formed steel section, Roll Forming Corporation (RFC) has the capabilities to deliver custom roll formed and welded shapes, from simple to complex, to fit customerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s exact specifications. RFC is in the business of roll forming solutions for its customersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; real needs and concerns by utilizing design consultation to develop new solutions or by improving existing shapes using FEA (Finite Element Analysis). Materials range from HRPO, CR, HSLA, aluminum, pre-galvanized, post-dipped galvanized, and powder coated steel. As part of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest custom roll forming group, RFC offers the latest technologies and innovations from around the world to transform any unique vision into reality. Roll Forming Corporation www.rfcorp.com Booth 832

Grid-tied PV inverter

Utility ready PV inverter solution Satcon Technology Corporation, a provider of utility scale power solutions for the renewable energy market, introduced its next generation utility ready solar PV inverter solution, Satcon Equinox. With its unparalleled system wide intelligence, Edge MPPT performance optimization, and industrial-grade engineering, Satcon’s Equinox solutions deliver a best-in-class efficiency of 98.5% and offer the highest levels of system wide performance, uptime, and reliability. The Equinox solution comes complete with a NEMA 3R/IP54 enclosure and is available in three separate climate packages, enabling the industry’s widest thermal operating range. Building upon Satcon’s PowerGate inverter family, the world’s most widely deployed large-scale solutions, Equinox improves system-wide energy harvest and solar plant yield, enabling the large-scale solar industry’s lowest Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Satcon Technology Corporation www.satcon.com/pv_inverters/equinox.html Booth 909

Basler Electric introduces the first in a line of grid-tied PV inverters. The New PCS-250 is a 250kW inverter with integrated protection and high-speed Ethernet communications. Protocols available include IEC61850, DNP 3.0, and Modbus, plus high-efficiency ratings provide the maximum power output. Since 1942, Basler has manufactured equipment for power conversion, control, and protection for power generation, industrial, and utility markets with experience in all forms of generation including renewables. The PCS-250 is designed, manufactured, and assembled at their corporate headquarters, and Basler also designs and manufactures the bridges, enclosures, transformers and electronics, providing in-house control over all critical parts of the inverter. Utility grade construction and NEMA 4/3R weatherproof enclosures make the PCS-250 suitable for the most severe outdoor applications. Basler’s reputation for quality and reliability is evident in this new product line, which is backed by a standard 10-year warranty. Basler Electric | www.basler.com Booth 1621

What is the SunWize difference? “With SunWize I know that I am not on my own.” “They have the customer service and the product line I need. Steve Naccarato always responds to me quickly; my orders are shipped accurately and completely. And I love the simplicity and documentation of their Grid-Tie System packages.”

Richard Hahn Owner, SunRise Solar and Wind 3.6 kW grid-tie awning application at Sunrise Solar and Wind, Norfolk, VA.

Solar thermal systems sesign & simulation Announcing the release of Version 5.0 of T*SOL Pro. T*SOL, a program for the design and simulation of solar thermal systems, from Valentin Software. With T*SOL Pro 5.0, users will be able to select a US localized version of the software with solar thermal systems and domestic hot water tanks, as well as SRCC certified collectors. The localized version will have US measurement units as standard. Version 5.0 will also have a brand new program screen design and new graphics. And, for the first time, the software will include air collector systems and there will be a number of new tank systems with integrated auxiliary heating. T*SOL’s component database contains detailed data on tanks, heat exchangers, boilers, and over 2,000 flat-plate, evacuated and air collectors, as well as 375 SRCC certified collectors. The climate database contains over 1000 US locations and thousand’s of additional international locations. The new Internet update tool automatically checks whether additional collector data and new releases are available for download free of charge. Valentin Software www.valentin-software.com Booth 4021

Visit www.sunwize.com/difference or call us at 800.817.6527 and find out how the SunWize difference can help your business be successful.

North American Clean Energy

solar power international show in print

When it comes to mounting framed PV modules directly to standing seam metal roofs there really is only one way!

Site evaluation just got easier.

The new SunEye 210.

One-handed operation makes your shade measurements a snap. Preview mode shows the sun path overlay adjusted to the device’s orientation. Pitch and azimuth measurements are built-in.

THERE IS A REASON WHY THE INDUSTRY INNOVATOR IS ALSO THE MARKET LEADER! The quickest way! ay!! The easiest way! y! The right way!

Rail or DirectAttached Attached™ S-5!® mounting solutions lutions result in dramatically reduced costs.

Expert Tools. Better Solar.

Mounting hardware re as low as $.06 per watt*.

Watch an introductory video at www.solmetric.com

See us at Solar Power Intl. ntl.

Booth #3642 42

*To learn how visit www.S-5-solar.com/nace S5 l / or callll 11-888-825-3432. 888 825 3432

PV racking system fasteners Dura-Con Fastening Systems are available exclusively through Mudge Fasteners, Inc., and have transformed the solar power industry. Tested and proven for use in PV racking systems, Dura-Con fasteners reduce acquisition and installation costs up to 40%. Equal to stainless steel in resistance to environmental corrosion, Dura-Con fasteners overcome many of the problems associated with stainless steel. Galvanic corrosion in aluminum is eliminated, there is no galling during assembly, and predictable torque-tension results in more reliable clamp loads. Additionally, Dura-Con fasteners feature the added strength of alloy steel. Mudge Fasteners, Inc. www.mudgefasteners.com www.duraconfastening.com Booth 1538

Rooftop PV attachment kit

ERICO: Your Source for Solar Grounding Solutions ERICO is a recognized leader for providing high-quality, reliable facility electrical protection products for a wide variety of industries. Backed by extensive research and years of experience, our ERITECH® brand of grounding products deliver proven performance for your demanding solar applications. ERITECH® brand of Solar Bonding Lugs offer: t Unique lay-in feature: Pre-mount the lug before the wire

t Accepts #14 solid to #6 stranded AWG copper grounding conductors

t Easy installation; all necessary hardware provided including serrated washers for superior bond to anodized aluminum

t Versatility: The same hex head power driver can be used to install the lug to the frame and secure the wire into the lug

For more information on how ERICO can meet your solar product needs, call 1-800-677-9089.

t UL® 467 Listed

cULus is a registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

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In the solar industry, the challenge has been in how to attach PV modules to standing seam metal roof systems without jeopardizing roof material and warranties. S-5! has created a solution that fits the majority of solar panels and metal roofs on the market including exposed-fastened and corrugated profiles. The S-5-PV Kit is specifically designed to capitalize upon the benefits of 100% recyclable, lifetime maintenance-free metal roofing systems, while protecting the roof panels from penetration, leaks, and subsequent degradation. The S-5-PV Kit allows for a 30-year clean energy source to be combined with a 30-year green roof, and the S-5! zero-penetration technology creates the most sustainable roof system available, all without compromising the roof’s warranty. The S-5-PV Kit is one of the newest products in the line of S-5! clamps and attachment solutions, which have been installed on over a million roofs around the globe. S-5! | www.S-5.com Booth 3642

Grid-tied solar inverters The latest innovations presented by Ingeteam include grid-tied solar inverters, developed for the North American market. These new inverters to be exhibited include the single phase Ingecon Sun Lite 5 kw (with transformer and transformer-less), the three phase inverters Ingecon Sun Smart 15 & 25, and Ingecon Sun Power 100 KW. Ingeteam Energy designs and manufactures grid-connected and stand-alone inverters offering customers solutions for the equipment of PV plants, adapted to suit their specific control and generating requirements.

Sputtering targets for solar industry Thin-films deposited by PLANSEE coating materials are highly reflective, very conductive, and are able to significantly increase the effectiveness of solar cells. In addition to sputtering targets made of pure molybdenum and tungsten, PLANSEE also offers molybdenum alloys, chromium, and materials for absorber layers. More than 120 scientists, experienced technicians, and modern facilities make the most out of the thin-film materials. The advantage for the users: long lifetime because of an optimum layer adhesion on the substrate; high deposition rates through maximum density and a homogeneous microstructure; high efficiency due to good electrical conductivity and high purity; and, homogenous deposition rates through an optimized microstructure. PLANSEE has a fully integrated production chain from the processing of raw materials to the final product—research and development included.

Ingeteam | www.ingeteam.com Booth 943

ASO Solar Fuse and FSO Fuseholder Combo

PLANSEE | www.plansee.com Booth 3747

Solar solutions Petra Solar presents the SunWave UP Series system that combines solar generation, smart grid communications, and grid reliability functions in one powerful platform. The SunWave systems scale from a single panel to multi-megawatts providing cost-effective and intelligent solar solutions for utility, commercial, and residential installations. The utility grade pole- and streetlight-mounted solar PV system, along with a smart energy module offers a solar energy source tie directly to the secondary line of the distribution grid. A panel-level inverter with a real-time two-way communications system and a scalable smart-grid network management solution offers a 3-in-1 integrated platform with ease of installation, transmission, and distribution benefits. SunWave systems are suitable for commercial and residential installations. The modular architecture of the SunWave system with its interactive communication and monitoring platform provides significant benefits to residential and commercial clients.

www.schurterinc.com/new_fuses

Provides low short circuit current and overvoltage protection up to 1000 VDC in solar strings, inverters, battery charges and combiner boxes. – – – – –

Standard midget size 10.3 x 38 mm Quick-acting according to UL 248-14 Current rating ranges from 1 to 30 A Breaking capacity 20kA Touch-safe fuseholder mounts on DIN rail, or accepts 8-14 AWG standard wire; 1-, 2-, or 3 poles available

Petra Solar | www.petrasolar.com Booth 4201 North American Clean Energy

solar power international show in print Single axis tracker Thompson Technology Industries (TTi) has developed a new generation of the Sunseeker Single Axis tracker. This new generation allows for increased height of the system and mounting on uneven surfaces while saving 10% to 15% on installation and maintenance costs. This tracker breaks TTi’s previous standards in the industry with the ability to drive even more panels in a slightly increased “footprint” over the previous generation. Output is increased without sacrificing energy production. With even fewer motors, operations, and maintenance is lower and the tracker does not require field welding for installation. Savings are realized by the option to pile drive the support posts, which is less expensive and quicker to install. The tracker now has the advantage that allows it to increase the height to 78" and still meet a windspeed of 90 mph with the panels at 45°. The tracker delivers faster installation than traditional cement foundations, and I-beams now come standard with purchase and priced into the tracker system cost. Thompson Technology Industries (TTI) | www.ttisolar.com Booth 921

Here, the winds of change are actually the winds of opportunity

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Powerful, accurate, easy-to-use Design, simulation, ﬁnancial analysis Residential, commercial & utility-scale Download your FREE demo software at www.valentin-software.com

Booth 4021

Valentin Software, Inc. providing industry leading design, simulation and sales tools for over 20 year to solar professionals in over 70 countries.

renewable.idaho.gov

888.786.9455 – info@valentin-software.com

UL listed dedicated PV fuses Mersen (formerly Ferraz Shawmut) is proud to announce the release of the industry’s first UL 2579 listed range of dedicated photovoltaic fuses. Within the Helio Protection brand, Mersen introduces three new fuse lines: HP6M, HP10M, and HP6J. Designed to provide superior overcurrent protection at the combiner box and inverter levels, the new series covers applications ranging from 1 to 400A, 600VDC, and 1000VDC. The enhanced fuse construction of the Helio Protection series makes it ideal for continuous temperature and current cycling withstand adding to system longevity. Low minimum breaking capacity capabilities of 1.35 times the fuse-rated current value allows for safe circuit interruption under typical low-fault current conditions produced by PV arrays. Protect offgrid or grid-tied PV system from unexpected ground faults and line faults using the Helio Protection fuse line. Mersen | www.mersen.com Booth 836

PV wiring kit

SOLAR POWER INTERNATIONAL 2010 October 12-14 2010 Los Angeles, CA Booth: 109

NEW! KUKA AWSM 3800 / 4800 Advanced Wire Saw Machine

CUSTOMIZED TURNKEY SOLUTIONS · HIGHLY AUTOMATED BRICK AND WAFER LINES · AUTOMATED MODULE MANUFACTURING · PROCESS EQUIPMENT FOR WAFER AND MODULE MANUFACTURING · THERMAL COLLECTOR SOLUTIONS · PLANNING AND ENGINEERING · GENERAL CONTRACTOR

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

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Smart installers can save money and do neater work by fabricating PV cable to length. The Rennsteig Solar Crimp Kit is specially designed for PV-specific cables and terminals. It handles cutting, stripping, and crimping, so installs go quickly with no material wastage, and gives durable, standards-compliant connections. The Rennsteig Solar Crimp Kit is designed and crafted in Germany and comes with cutter, stripper, and crimper. Build quality and precision are absolutely top-drawer throughout. Crimp dies are available for terminals by all major manufacturers. Rennsteig Tools, Inc. | www.solar-tools.us Booth 434

Solar power engineering & construction White Construction offers a complete range of services to clients for solar power projects ranging from ground-mounted photovoltaic to solar thermal projects. As an established self-performing contractor, White Construction can handle solar project from engineering and procurement to completed construction. This turn-key approach has proven its value in over 4000 MW of wind power construction and over 5000 MW of gas turbine construction across the US and Canada. From this experience White Construction has the expertise, equipment, and management to ensure a solar power investment is completed safely, as scheduled, and within budget.

Structural solar canopies ProtekPark Solar is a supplier of structural solar canopies to institutional and commercial markets in the US. With structural design and installation capability in every state across the country, ProtekPark Solar works with elite solar developers and integrators to provide value engineered and customized structural solutions for each installation. Their principles are clear: structures need to be durable, functional, attractive, and economical. ProtekPark Solar’s trussed and cantilevered solar canopies are manufactured as tubular steel assemblies and coated with an industrial/marine-grade finish to create a long lasting, low- or no-maintenance structure that bolts up in the field. An aluminum racking system is integrated into the design and results in a “module ready” structural solar canopy delivered on time and within budget. ProtekPark Solar www.protekparksolar.com Booth 1031

White Construction | www.whiteconstruction.com Booth 4118

Solar cables LEONI Studer’s double-insulated, electron-beam, crosslinked cables meet the highest requirements for solar cables in the most important photovoltaic markets in Europe and the US. These cross-linked cables can be used unrestrictedly as a module or as a connecting cable. LEONI’s products have both TÜV approval for the European market and UL approval according to the latest NEC specifications (National Electric Code 2008 / UL Outline 4703). LEONI Studer AG | www.leoni-studer.ch Both 2222

Renewable energy business Idaho offers a diverse economy with a skilled and educated workforce, state-of-the-art facilities, and next-generation technologies. First in patents per capita, lowest energy costs nationally, most new companies, Idaho is a great place for business to thrive.

Finance Leasing Acquisition Greenpower Capital offers early-stage buyout, leasing, equity, project finance, and acquisition with 100% construction advance. We have experience in project development, so we understand how to help a developer achieve its goals. We can move quickly to approve and fund your project. Call or e-mail us today to find out how we can assist you.

Idaho Department of Commerce www.commerce.idaho.gov Booth 2813

Design, measurement & control applications National Instruments announced LabVIEW 2010, the latest version of the graphical programming environment for design, test, measurement, and control applications. LabVIEW 2010 delivers time savings with new features such as off-theshelf compiler technologies that execute code an average of 20% faster and a comprehensive marketplace for evaluating and purchasing add-on toolkits for easily integrating custom functionality into the platform. For field-programmable gate array (FPGA) users, LabVIEW 2010 delivers a new IP Integration Node that makes it possible to integrate any thirdparty FPGA IP into LabVIEW applications and is compatible with the Xilinx CORE Generator. National Instruments also implemented more than a dozen new features suggested by lead users through the LabVIEW Idea Exchange, an online feedback forum that marks a significant new level of collaboration between NI R&D and customers. National Instruments | www.ni.com Booth 538

(818) 623-4200 www.greenpowercap.com info@greenpowercap.com

proudly introduces Solar-Trac® Please visit us during Solar Power International at booth #2592

Flexible supply and return lines for solar heated water systems.

Solar-Trac Piping Beneﬁts: • T316L Stainless Steel • Available sizes from 3/8” thru 2” • Tubing bends by hand • Routes easily around obstacles • Cuts using standard tubing cutter • Special lengths available

Solar-Flare Fitting Beneﬁts: • Self-ﬂaring • No special tools • Reliable metal-to-metal sealing surface • No gaskets or rubber washers Highest level of quality for tomorrow’s energy

Omega Flex, Inc. 451 Creamery Way • Exton, PA 19341 ISO 9001 Registered Company 800.355.1039

www.omegaﬂex.com SLT-006 Rev 7/10

North American Clean Energy

solar power international show in print AluTec ďŹ&#x201A;at roof-mounting system The clampless mounting system AluTec is now available for flat roofs. This cost-effective, space-efficient insertion rail system evenly distributes load and eliminates the need for clamps; thereby, reducing installation time and creating a uniform, single plane appearance. AluTec works with most framed modules and mounting attachments (including L Feet, QuickMount, Tilt Legs, and Roof Hooks), and is fully compliant with national building codes. The system was invented in 1998 by SolarMarkt AG for the European industry, and has been in the US since 2008. AluTec offers a good price, versatility, and an elegant look. Session Solar | www.sessionsolar.com Booth 1350

Global solar irradiance measurement

Littelfuse Solar Fuses ÂŽ

Protecting Photovoltaic Applications Around the World Visit us at Booth #5523 at Solar Power International or at www.littelfuse.com/green

The new Hukseflux SR11-SE Pyranometer is the only laboratory validated COTS First Class pyranometer, which meets and exceeds the ISO-9060 Pyranometer Standard, specific to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Solar Energy Testâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; applications. The directional response of each SR11-SE is validated upon manufacture and documented in writing to ensure the highest possible measurement certainty on the measured solar radiation resource. Each SR11-SE is equipped standard with a Pt100 platinum RTD temperature sensor, enabling in-situ process correction of even the slightest temperature dependence bias (via dynamic slope correction algorithm), regardless of operating temperature. Available SR11-SE options include a factory calibrated built in 4 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 20 mA current transmitter with galvanic isolation, permitting extended sensor signal cable lengths without the possibility of signal degradation, or EMI noise-related effect. For cost-effective, high-accuracy solar irradiance measurement, the Hukseflux SR11-SE First Class Pyranometer is deal. Hukseflux USA | www.huksefluxusa.com Booth 2422

Solar test & measurement equipment

INTRODUCING THE ACCELERAÂŠ 300 HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER: ACCELERATE YOUR SAVINGS!

Energy from nature. The new AcceleraÂŽ 300 can extract up to 80% of its energy requirements from the air around it. Heat pumps have been around for decades, but a heat pump water heater is a brand new concept. The AcceleraÂŽ 300 works like an air conditioner - but instead of dumping the heat outdoors, it puts it into the water.

New!

The Acceleraâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s compressor and fan consume only 1 kWh of electricity to generate the heat equivalent of 3 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5 kWh. The efďŹ ciency of the unit goes up with increasing ambient air temperatures. This ground breaking efďŹ ciency redeďŹ nes what a water heater is capable of, and what savings can really mean ! FEDERAL TAX CREDIT: SAVE 30% UP TO $1,500 OF THE TOTAL SYSTEM COST!

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Solmetric Corporation delivers solar test and measurement equipment. Solmetric will be featuring the PVA-600 PV Analyzer, SunEye 210, and a recently updated PV Designer. The PVA-600 PV Analyzer has just been released and is an instrument to verify performance of a PV module or string. PV Analyzer is used to verify system performance during installation and annual maintenance and allows users to compare to models and identify issues during troubleshooting. The SunEye 210 is a handheld electronic device that allows users to assess total potential solar energy given the shading of a particular site. The SunEye 210 now has an extension kit, which enables measurements 20 feet from the ground. The latest version of PV Designer offers convenient layout features and enables users to lay out solar PV modules on a roof surface and calculate the energy production for your system with greater flexibility. Solmetric Corporation www.solmetric.com Booth 2321

Tracker for high wind loads The DEGERtraker 6000NT is designed for a module area of up to 53 square meters and can be used as standard, even under strong wind conditions, thanks to its sturdy construction. Tracking takes place on the basis of MLD (Maximum Light Detection) technology developed by DEGERenergie using the patented DEGERconecter control module. This technology has been proven to produce up to 46% more yield in comparison to fixed PV installations. The new twin-axle model is designed for installation on buildings and in open spaces. Depending on module type, the yield for systems using the DEGERtraker 6000NT lies between 4 kWp and 7 kWp. The system can be configured for a maximum wind load of up to 190mph.

Calibrated spectrometers StellarNet announces a new line of DUAL-DSR spectrometer systems specifically designed for a wide range of light measurements. These fiber optically coupled instruments provide absolute measurements in Watts/m2, Lumens/ m2, Radiant/Luminous Flux, and more across the 200nm to 1700nm range. The flexibility of these systems lends themselves to a multitude of applications such as solar monitoring, solar simulator classification, crop reflectometry, and more. The SpectraWiz software suite includes a solar match application that can be used to characterize solar simulators. The application panel calculates spectral irradiance and compares the results to the ideal percent for each range per IEC/JIS/ASTM. The proximity of the measured data to the ideal values results in classification of the solar simulator from A-D. A high-speed USB2 interface ensures rapid data transfer while the fiber optic input allows various sampling accessories including cosine receptors and integrating spheres, allowing them to be SpectroRadiometrically calibrated using NIST-traceable standards. StellarNet | www.stellarnet.us Booth 5209

DEGERenergie | www.degerenergie.com Booth 951

Leading the world in

cable protection systems

High performance polyamide conduit and ďŹ tting systems for the mechanical protection of cables and wires. PMA cable protection products are easy to install and offer all the characteristics important for demanding installations in the solar industry. With a range of over 6500 products PMA has built an unrivalled reputation for polyamide cable protection throughout the world. For more information about PMA products and services please contact us. 1." 64" *OD t 5PMM GSFF JOGP!QNB VTB PSH t XXX QNB VTB PSH

NICE CLIMATE. PERFECTLY PACKAGED. Renewable energy installation One-hundred percent employee owned, Rosendin Electric is the largest privately held electrical contractor in the US. To date, Rosendin Electric has constructed a multitude of renewable energy projects, totaling over 6,000 MW of generated solar and wind power. Rosendin Electric brings the expertise and capacity to service their customersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs for any mix of rooftop, ground-mount, and/or canopy based PV system installations. Rosendin Electricâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s core mission continues to be providing unparalleled service, safety, and value, which is the reason over 90% of their work is with repeat customers.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;I used to be a solar installer. When I founded Session Solar it was my goal to build a wholesale company that supports solar installersâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;from quality products and fair pricing to design support. Our priority is our clients, whether they are solar veterans or new to the business, we are here to help.â&#x20AC;?

When your packaged electronics application demands the best environmental protection possible, STEGO can help you with a wide range of innovative Thermal Management Products as well as other Enclosure Accessories, designed to exceed your requirements.

Elmar Niewerth CEO SolarMarkt US / dba Session Solar

Session Solar is a national distributor for installers, contractors and developers. We understand the varied needs of solar professionals and support our clients with: â&#x20AC;˘ Name brand products â&#x20AC;˘ Competitive pricing â&#x20AC;˘ Free design support

â&#x20AC;˘ Same day quotes â&#x20AC;˘ Superior client service â&#x20AC;˘ Project development

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Rosendin Electric | www.rosendin.com Booth 1251 www.stegousa.com 1-888-783-4611 tel 770-984-0858 fax 770-984-0615

North American Clean Energy

investing in clean energy

Government Recapture Rights Under ARRA’s Renewable Energy Grant Program By Sosi Biricik & Scott Morris

he American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”) represented a significant legislative step toward encouraging the development of renewable and alternative energy projects in the United States. Responding to the challenged tax equity market, ARRA contains a provision making tax credits convertible into an equivalent non-taxable cash payment from the Department of the Treasury. This federal money is available to all qualifying energy projects that are either placed in service during 2009 or 2010, or placed in service after 2010 if construction for such projects began during 2009 or 2010 (www.ustreas.gov/recovery/1603.shtml). If a project qualifies, the owner is entitled to a grant, which equates to 30% of the total eligible project cost basis, in most cases. Once money is dispersed, there remains a modicum of government oversight regarding the continued operation of the facility as a qualifying renewable energy source and the owner, thereof, as a qualifying owner. Specifically, Section 1603(f) of ARRA provides for recapture of the payment if “the project is disposed of, or

otherwise ceases to be a specified energy property” within the five-year recapture period following receipt of the grant money. Recapture would mean over this five-year span, a portion of the payment received must be repaid to the Treasury. Lenders providing long-term debt to projects receiving cash grants have had to consider whether a foreclosure on the project during the “vesting period” would trigger recapture of the grant, as well as the effect such recapture might have on a lenders’ collateral package (over which project finance lenders typically hold first liens). A related concern is a change in ownership during the vesting period prompted by the borrower, its sponsor, or other equity participants in the project. Over time, lenders have become more comfortable with the grant application and disbursement process, and have been able to include loan covenants and other protections against borrower action, which might result in a disqualifying event. Similarly, lenders are also careful to ensure no disqualifying event occurs as a result of a lender foreclosure upon borrower equity or upon the occurrence of a borrower event of default. (For example, lenders may require holders of the debt and their transferees to confirm they’re not “disqualified persons” under ARRA, and have developed innovative structures such as voting trusts and so-called “blocker companies” to insulate the entity, which is the grant recipient, from being “contaminated” by a disqualified person.) However, the question remains as to what risk, if any, the recapture right presents in a typical project financing. Significantly, applicants are not required to post a bond as a condition of receiving grant proceeds and the government does not require a lien on project assets as a condition to disbursing grant money. Instead, any recapture liability is considered “debt owed to the United States,” subject to the enforcement and collection by the US Department of Justice through “all available means,” and against “any assets” of the applicant entity. Although this may appear to be a meaningful remedy, in cases where the applicant is a special purpose entity, created solely to hold the assets and debts of the project being developed, this entity may well be insulated from any parent companies that might have assets sufficient to satisfy any recapture liability. Moreover, any recapture debt arising under ARRA rules are not considered tax liabilities. This implies the government will be an unsecured creditor without enhanced security rights in a bankruptcy proceeding of the project owner. Taken together, these subtleties seem to imply the government’s recapture claim is only at the project owner level and, in a bankruptcy of the project company, the government would line-up behind all secured creditors—most notably the project finance lenders—to claim its share of the project company’s estate. A judgment lien obtained by the government against the project company for the recapture liability would also be subordinate to prior perfected secured liens of the lenders. What does this all mean for project lenders and the government in the event a recipient of the cash grant suffers a disqualifying event that triggers recapture? As secured parties, the lenders would, presumably, have the prior rights to project assets—whether in a foreclosure scenario or as secured creditors in a project bankruptcy. In a foreclosure scenario, the project company could be left stripped of all meaningful assets, and the government would be required to enforce its claim

The requirement for commencement of construction in 2010 means construction ﬁnancings will likely be active as developers seek to meet this deadline.

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against an “empty shell.” On the other hand, an equity foreclosure by the lenders may not be as attractive if the recapture right has vested in as much as the government’s claim against the project company would remain, notwithstanding, the upstream change of control. There is little, if any, guidance as to how the government would address the issue of lack of meaningful remedies to enforce its recapture claim. The government retains a mandate to recapture grant funds “by any means available,” and one theory is that the recaptured amount could somehow be traced back to the ultimate recipient of the cash grant (the secured project finance lenders, for example). Is it possible the government could pursue lenders who have used the proceeds of the cash grant to repay debt on a restitution theory, predicated on an equitable injustice in allowing the project company to simply “shelter” the payment with the lender? Many industry participants might understandably assert the risk of such a creative approach is relatively small, especially given the chilling effect it would have on project development and financing that the cash grant was intended to stimulate. One avenue to potentially reduce perceived lender risk would be to require a creditworthy parent company indemnity or guarantee of any recapture liabilities that may arise within the five-year recapture period. Of course, a project company’s parent may be unwilling to provide such an indemnity, especially if the recapture event arose from actions it did not cause such as assignment of project company equity to disqualified persons by other equity participants. A sponsor may also be unwilling to provide indemnity in the event of a recapture liability stemming from an exercise of remedies by lenders. Affiliates of the disqualified project might have more cause for concern than the project lenders. If a liable project company does not repay its grant upon a disqualifying event, the government might well seek repayment from one or more parent or affiliate companies, either through a claim of substantive consolidation in a bankruptcy scenario or by piercing the corporate veil. Substantive consolidation is a rather unpredictably used equitable doctrine that treats separate legal entities as if they were merged into a single survivor with all the cumulative assets and liabilities. The result is claims of creditors against separate subsidiary debtors become claims against the consolidated survivor; effectively exposing

assets of affiliate companies to repayment of the government’s missing funds. Piercing the corporate veil is a legal remedy used to reach beyond the corporate barrier to attach liabilities when corporate formalities are not followed. Again, these theories are as of yet untested in the ARRA recapture context. In sum, ARRA Section 1603 has largely succeeded as a stimulus for new renewables projects. The requirement for commencement of construction in 2010 means construction financings will likely be active as developers seek to meet this

deadline. However, participants in this program should keep in mind the government’s recapture rights and ensure steps are taken to avoid a potential disqualification. Sosi Biricik is a finance partner and Scott Morris an associate in the San Diego, California office of Latham & Watkins. LATHAM & WATKINS LLP | www.lw.com

Innovative Energy. Innovative Strategy. Dickstein Shapiro works with renewable energy leaders like Competitive Power Ventures to make their business vision a reality. Our cross-practice team gives focused, competitive guidance on every aspect of a renewable power project, from fundamental corporate structuring to mastering the complex rules of today’s power markets. Whether your company is developing, ﬁnancing, operating, buying, or selling a renewable energy project, we will help you advance and realize your strategic business goals.

“In wind energy-related project development, transactional, and regulatory work, Dickstein Shapiro is our go-to ﬁrm for our most complex legal needs.” Sean Finnerty Senior Vice President of Renewable Development Competitive Power Ventures

Larry Eisenstat, Energy Practice Leader (202) 420-2224

eisenstatl@dicksteinshapiro.com

1825 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20006 (202) 420-2200 | dicksteinshapiro.com

North American Clean Energy

CANWEA November 1st to 3rd, 2010 • Palais des congrès de Montréal —Montréal, Quebec

www.canwea.ca/events Show in Print Features just some of the companies and technologies attendees will see at this year’s show.

Gathering issues and individuals from around the world, CanWEA 2010 offers an opportunity to network and remain informed. Drawing more than 2,300 attendees, 230 exhibitors, and more than 100 speakers, CanWEA’s Annual Conference and Exhibition continues to be Canada’s largest wind energy event.

Renewable energy consultancy

Cargo shipowning & chartering

GL Garrad Hassan is the world’s largest dedicated renewable energy consultancy and a recognized technical authority on the subject. It offers independent technical and engineering services, products, and training courses to the onshore and offshore wind, wave, tidal, and solar sectors. Although the GL Garrad Hassan name is new, the company has a rich heritage. It is borne of the integration of specialist companies that, united, form the renewable energy consulting division of the GL Group. GL Garrad Hassan is a consulting company; it has no equity stake in any device or project. This rule of operation is central to its philosophy, something which sets it apart from many of its competitors.

Fednav International Ltd. (FIL) is the freight arm of privately owned Fednav Limited, the largest dry-bulk and general cargo shipowning and chartering group in Canada. Incorporated in 1944, the Group’s primary activity is ocean freighting of bulk, breakbulk, and project cargoes. Each year, the Fednav fleet of approximately 85 vessels performs over 700 voyages, and transports more than 23 million tonnes. FALLine is a regular Fednav service specialized in the transport of steel products and general, and project cargoes including windmill equipment from the European continent to St. Lawrence and Great Lakes ports. FMT, a subsidiary of Fednav, operates ten breakbulk, bulk, and general cargo terminals. Fednav International Ltd. | www.fednav.com

GL Garrad Hassan | www.gl-garradhassan.com

Custom products for commercial wind turbines Schunk Graphite Technology, and associated members of the global Schunk Group, manufacture a complete line of brushes, holders, slip rings, rocker assemblies, and custom products that are compatible with almost all commercial wind turbines. Schunk products have been approved by many wind turbine OEMs worldwide and offer them increased uptime, as well as longer intervals between service shutdowns. Schunk Graphite Technology supports a broad offering of products with sales, customer service, and technical experts across North America. Schunk Graphite Technology, LLC www.schunkgraphite.com

Direct drive vertical-axis wind turbine Vbine energy has developed the world’s first direct drive vertical-axis wind turbine. Vbine’s turbine uses patented technology to deliver 5kw of power while providing unmatched durability and performance in lower wind applications. With a patented blade design that truly starts on its own with just a breeze and still draws the maximum horsepower from the wind. Vbine has built a 5kw generator with unmatched durability and low maintenance. Ideally suited for applications that require the utmost safety, Vbine’s low tip speed and stealth quite operation make it a perfect choice for urban settings with either a grid tie application or battery charge controller for remote installations. An industry first, the direct drive technology and low rotation speed lends itself perfectly to inline installations on communication towers. Vbine Energy | www.vbine.com

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

nacleanenergy.com

Manufacturing and R&D for wind industry Sarnia-Lambton, Ontario, Canada, is a growing global sustainable energy centre and a logical choice for manufacturing and R&D for the wind industry. Significant investment is taking place, with over 500 MW of wind power recently announced. As a global petrochemical and refining centre, Sarnia-Lambton offers an established industrial infrastructure including a comprehensive energy system. Sarnia-Lambton has skilled metal fabrication and engineering sectors, specializing in instrumentation and large-scale fabrication. Lambton College’s three-year Alternative Energy Engineering Technology program provides graduates trained in current and emerging energy technologies. In the heart of the Great Lakes industrial corridor, transportation routes include highway, rail, and deep water St. Lawrence Seaway port. Plus, zoned manufacturing sites are available just minutes from the Ontario/Michigan Blue Water Bridge commercial border crossing. Sarnia-Lambton Economic Partnership | www.sarnialambton.on.ca

Wind project construction & operation Renewable Energy Systems Canada Inc. (RES Canada), an affiliate of RES Americas, is a fully integrated wind energy company that develops, constructs, owns, and operates wind projects in Canada. They are part of the RES Group, which is a global builder of renewable energy projects.

powering change

Renewable Energy Systems Canada Inc. www.res-americas.com

Constructs Owns Develops

Operates

Turbines for distributed power applications Endurance Wind Power is a manufacturer of advanced wind turbines designed specifically for distributed wind power applications. Their line of modern, induction-based wind turbines brings efficient, reliable, safe, and quiet renewable energy within reach of homeowners, businesses, and institutions. These turbines combine the use of induction-based generators and the largest swept area available in their class to provide optimal energy capture and conversion. There are 5 kW, 35kW, and 50kW model sizes available to best suit customer needs. Endurance Wind Power www.endurancewindpower.com

Renewable Energy Systems Canada Inc. is a fully-integrated energy company that brings RES’ 27 years and over 4,800 MW of wind experience to Canada. RES Canada is an industry leader and your partner for construction and development. 300 Léo-Pariseau, Suite 2516 │ Montréal, Québec, H2X 4B3, Canada 514.525.2113 │ www.res-americas.com Visit us at CanWEA 2010 Conference - Booth #505 North American Clean Energy

canwea show in print EPC & BOP construction services The PCL family of companies is a group of independent construction companies that carry out diverse operations in the civil infrastructure, heavy industrial, and buildings markets. Together, these companies have an annual construction volume of more than $6 billion, making them the largest contracting organization in Canada and one of the largest in the US. PCL’s century long track record of adapting to market need to provide top-quality construction in a wide range of applications has positioned them to take the lead in the rising field of renewable energy. PCL is capable of providing EPC and BOP construction services for customers in wind, solar, hydropower, and bioenergy with the understanding that each renewable energy sector is different in technical nature, market maturity, and geographical location of the resource. PCL’s geographically diverse and flexible operations across North America afford the opportunity to serve clients in all renewable energy construction markets. PCL Constructors Canada Inc. | www.pcl.com

Hello, Portland.

Troutman Sanders LLP announces its Portland, Oregon office that will focus on energy projects and issues specific to the western United States and the Pacific Northwest. Troutman Sanders has counseled energy industry clients since the 1920s. Since then, a dynamic renewable energy practice has developed to advise clients at every stage, from investment and tax structuring to development, construction and operation. As your plans for solar, wind and renewable energy projects emerge, put the energy of our lawyers to work for you. For more information, contact: Antoine P. Cobb - 503.290.2315 antoine.cobb@troutmansanders.com

Matthew D. McVee - 503.290.2320 matthew.mcvee@troutmansanders.com

Lara L. Skidmore - 503.535.0645 lara.skidmore@troutmansanders.com

650 lawyers | 50 practice areas | troutmansanders.com/renewable_energy

Wind energy construction & operation Wind Prospect operates globally in all aspects of renewable energy development, construction, operation, and advisory services. They have developed and engineered wind energy projects around the world since building their first wind farm in 1992. Wind Prospect offers a complete range of services to assess the suitability of a site and win a planning consent. Some provided services are: site finding and feasibility studies; grid connections; wind resource assessment; environmental assessment; planning and consenting; health and safety; turbine selection; civil and electrical engineering; procurement and contracts; legal agreements; on-site monitoring; as well as, turbine inspection and commissioning. Wind Prospect, Inc. www.windprospect.com

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Siemens Energy is a global supplier of advanced-technology wind turbines and services for onshore and offshore wind farms. Currently, Siemens offers a 2.3-MW, 3.0-MW, and 3.6-MW product portfolio, which is designed for both onshore and offshore application. With decades of experience, Siemens has earned its unparalleled reputation for robust equipment by delivering excellence in performance and availability. Recently announced, Siemens Wind Power offers its new SWT-3.0101 direct drive wind turbine, featuring a compact system designed with 50% fewer parts. As a turbine equipment supplier, Siemens offers competitive pricing to include project management support, transportation, erection, commissioning, and service for large wind farm development. Siemens Energy | www.siemens.com

Wind turbine monitoring systems Turbine light control technology OCAS has introduced a new solution that greatly reduces the negative visual impact of wind farms. This proven, radar-based, on-demand light control technology is mounted on select turbine towers and allows for wind turbine lights to remain OFF at all times—unless an aircraft is detected on an unsafe heading toward the wind farm. By keeping the constantly flashing strobe lights off, the visual impact (light pollution) is reduced and wind farm community acceptance is increased. This will also help improve the permitting cycle for wind developers while increasing the responsible siting practices of the wind energy industry by keeping skies safe and communities happy. The system is approved by Transport Canada and the FAA. OCAS | www.ocasinc.com

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A German company, PRÜFTECHNIK’s core business areas are high-tech measuring systems for industrial maintenance and quality assurance. PRÜFTECHNIK solutions increase the availability and profitability of wind turbines and minimize the risk of downtime. The GL certified online monitoring system VIBROWEB XP for all machine types and sizes serve to optimize system availability and enable a high level of productivity. PRÜFTECHNIK also offers shaft alignment systems. Their awardwinning alignment products have become standard equipment in many sectors of industry. They keep in close touch with customers by not only offering precision instruments, but a range of high-end maintenance services such as balancing of rotor blades, end-of warranty inspections, troubleshooting, and remote monitoring of wind turbines in their certified monitoring center. PRÜFTECHNIK Maintenance Technology Service Inc. www.pruftechnik.ca

Gearbox assessment & monitoring

Wind turbine platform Safway Services provides safe, reliable, suspended access solutions and now offers the SafAscent Wind Turbine Platform for external wind tower access. Available for rental or sale, SafAscent is designed specifically for maintenance and inspection of wind turbines, enabling unrestricted access to the tower and blades. The 6'6" modular platform provides a safe, simple, and fast way to travel up the tower. Hoists ensure quick access to the work site, with quick climbing speeds of 35 feet per minute. Three sets of padded rollers protect the wind tower and blades. SafAscent exceeds OSHA, OH&S, and ANSI standards, and meets all UL & CSA requirements. Safway Services www.safway.com

GasTOPS provides products and services to the wind industry to monitor gearbox health using its flagship MetalSCAN product. MetalSCAN is an in-line, full-flow, oil debris sensor designed to provide condition assessment information necessary to effectively manage the risk associated with premature gearbox failures. MetalSCAN is available for installation on new turbines installed by the OEM or retrofitted in the field, including a comprehensive monitoring services package. The output of the sensor can be integrated to interface to an existing wind turbine controller; SCADA or as a standalone MetalSCAN Alarm Module with optional wireless communications. GasTOPS | www.gastops.com

Meteorological tower installation Rigarus Construction Inc. is an experienced turn-key communications facility with dedicated and highly qualified personnel determined to meet all specific requirements. Rigarus Construction has built relationships in the wind power industry providing installation of meteorological towers. The company further offers: supply and installation guyed and guyless/ self support; met towers; site layout; anemometer and instrumentation replacement; wind turbine tower erection; and, tower removals. Rigarus Construction also specializes in civil work providing foundation installations and roads. Rigarus Construction Inc. www.rigarus.com

High-energy production in lowto medium-winds The old rules have been broken. Too often, low- and medium-wind locations have been passed over in favor of high-wind zones. But the Vestas V112-3.0 MW, an innovative turbine with the largest wind-swept area in its class, opens new frontiers by delivering high-energy production for lowand medium-wind locations. With its unique 54.6 meter blades, enhanced power efficiency, and unsurpassed grid capability, the V112-3.0 MW represents massive advances in aerodynamics and energy production. And, with 60% more interior working space, the V112 delivers on the Vestas ongoing commitment to safety while simultaneously improving maintenance efficiency. Vestas | www.vestas.com

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canwea show in print Windmill transportation Transera International Logistics is a global project logistics company providing support and multi-modal transport solutions to the wind power industry. In conjunction with their Danish partner, BaltShip A/S, BaltShip A/S, which offers transportation of windmill turbines worldwide, they coordinate North American wind power projects via ocean, truck, rail, barge, and air. Transera International Logistics Ltd. www.transera-intl.com

HOW MANY TECHNICIANS DO YOU NEED

TO CHANGE A LIGHT BULB?

Wind energy projects in northern conditions The Wind Energy TechnoCentre is an independent organization active in developing know-how in the wind power sector, particularly in northern settings and complex terrains. It owns an experimental northern wind energy site, the Site nordique expĂŠrimental en ĂŠolien CORUS (SNEEC), that features two REpower MM92 CCV wind turbines with a capacity of 2.05 MW each. SNEEC aims primarily to carry out research, development, and technology transfer projects involving northern conditions. Services offered include: technical assistance for businesses, technological showcase, assistance in obtaining certification, product testing, applied research, and more.

Turbine blade servicing & repair Composotech Structures is a multi-functional composite manufacturer servicing the wind energy the US and Canada. With over 15 years of experience, they offer service, repair, and inspection of wind turbine blades and a manufacturer of flight and automotive simulators and tooling and moulds for wind turbine rotor blades and defense armaments. Rotor blade services include: a full-service blade repair facility; blade mould design & manufacturing; wind blade prototyping & manufacturing; leading/trailing edge repairs; pitch verification; rotor balancing; annual cleaning/inspections; NDT inspections; UT scans; static blade testing; shearography; and, thermography. With a focus on safety, Composotech has also developed an in-house training and certification program for both plant and field service technicians. Composotech has built a reputation supplying high-quality, close tolerance composite structures and tooling for a variety of international customers. Composotech Structures www.composotech.com

The Wind Energy TechnoCentre www.eolien.qc.ca

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Concrete wind tower base system

Gearbox ďŹ lter lifetime extension kit

The Atlas CTB Concrete Tower Base by Tindall is a revolutionary new hybrid concept that brings significant performance improvements to the wind industry. Comprising the lower 32m of a tower, the Atlas CTB is ideal for raising large turbines to heights of 100m to 130m. This flared-base, precast concrete lower section accommodates a conventional steel monotower upper section. The large-footprint base is composed of multiple precast staves that are erected and stabilized by a concrete transition. The components are easily transported by road and rail and are quickly erected on a simple ring foundation requiring 1/4 to 1/3 of the concrete found in conventional tower footings. The base also provides plenty of enclosed space for equipment/ mechanical storage.

Over the lifetime of a gearbox, filtration needs may change. When this happens, HYDAC has cost-effective solutions that allow for an expanded range of filter element options. Benefits include: longer service intervals; the ability to address oil-aging issues; improved oil cleanliness levels; two-stage filtration for protection during cold start and optimal use of available space; and, a simple design that keeps costs and installation difficulty to a minimum. It is important to always ensure the proper condition of turbine oil before attempting any changes to the filtration system. Ensure proper oil analysis has been completed using the oil manufacturers recommended test procedures.

Tindall | www.atlasctb.com

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HYDAC International www.hydacusa.com

SCADA & wind monitoring

Hydraulic torque wrenches SPX Bolting Systems Group features the Predator line of hydraulic torque wrenches, pumps, bolt tensioners, and power packs designed with the wind energy market in mind. Predator squaredrive torque wrenches are constructed with durable, but lightweight steel bodies, which make them perfect for the rigors of wind tower construction and O&M applications. SPX Bolting Systems Group offers new products designed specifically for O&M applications and construction, as well as global training and support. SPX Bolting Systems Group www.spx.com

Look for a new company, in name only: CG Power Solutions (formerly MSE Power Systems). With its subsidiary CG Automation, CG Power Solutions will demonstrate its new SCADA and wind monitoring systems technology. Combining this SCADA technology with its vast expertise in utility automation, CG Power Solutions is now positioned to offer more robust, featurerich interconnection systems that are essential for maximum wind farm productivity. This new technology allows CG Power Solutions to expand its scope of services to cover the complete integration of renewable generation into the utility grid, which offers tremendous benefits to its client. CG Power Solutions

Wind energy project risk DNV provides comprehensive services to help understand and manage wind energy project risk. Their experience includes both utility scale and small-scale applications of wind energy technologies for onshore and offshore projects around the world. Services include: asset risk management; HSE risk management; marine-offshore advisory services; project certification; project development assistance; project due diligence; testing and instrumentation; type certification; wind resource assessment; wind turbine engineering; and, DNV standards and guidelines.

Wind farm construction & electrical design Renewable Construction Services (RCS), a limited partnership between Rosendin Electric and The State Group (State), was formed to pursue and construct wind and solar projects in Canada and is currently the electrical design/build contractor for the St Joseph’s Windfarm in Manitoba. The State Group is a large, well-known multi-trade contractor with over 40 years of industrial contracting experience with specific expertise in power generation and substation projects. Rosendin Electric is currently the largest privately held electrical contractor in the US, completing more than 50 projects totaling over 6,000 MW. RCS brings the strengths of both partners to offer full EPC services for projects including electrical design and construction of collection systems, substations, transmission lines, and WTG wiring. RCS brings the experience, capacity, and resources needed to complete projects safely, on time, and with unparalleled reliability. Renewable Construction Services www.renewableconstructionservices.com

DNV www.dnv.com/windenergy

Vertical rail system for fall protection Workers ascending and descending fixed ladders must be protected from falls at all times. Capital Safety has developed an optimal fall protection system for turbine ladder climbing: the Railok 90 vertical rail system. The rigid rail system maximizes freedom of movement by not restricting foot space on the ladder rungs. The shuttle travels smoothly along the rail allowing the user to move up and down the ladder freely, and will not snag or resist the climber’s motion. In the event of a fall, the shuttle locks on the rail, arresting the fall while minimizing fall distances and load forces on the user. A unique metallic shock absorber integrated into the shuttle device further enhances safety and prolongs the life of the system. Capital Safety www.capitalsafety.com

Environmental consulting services Stantec provides professional consulting services in environmental approvals, engineering, architecture, interior design, landscape architecture, surveying, and project management for wind energy projects across North America. They have successfully assisted clients obtain permits, licenses, authorizations, and certificates and has the internal technical specialists to address bird, wildlife, fisheries, vegetation, and terrain issues. They help clients manage environmental issues professionally and proactively to ensure project success within the challenging regulatory environment. Stantec’s project management, procurement, and construction management (EPCM) teams are fully supported by electrical, mechanical, and civil/structural engineering disciplines; including their specialized wind facility and transmission engineers. They have designed over 3,000 MW of wind projects and performed over 12,900 MW of interconnect support services with electrical utility system operators throughout the US and Canada. Stantec Consulting www.stantec.com

Yo u r B e s t l e ga l re s o u rce f o r re ne w abl e energ y so l u t io ns

ENERGY CON T RACTS • ENVI RONMEN TAL COMP LIANCE P ERMI T T I NG & LAND USE • FI NANCI NG & I NVEST MEN T • WAT ER RIGH TS

Offic e s th rou g h ou t Ca l ifor n ia • v i si t www. b b kl aw. c o m

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Environmental assessments

Tandem twin welder

Hemmera is a wind energy environmental assessment (EA) provider in Western Canada, having obtained the first successful environmental certification for a wind project in British Columbia. Their experience has led them to support over 4,000 MW of proposed power on several distinct wind projects. From start to finish, Hemmera takes client projects through the federal and provincial EA processes. Their team is currently involved with environmental assessments for several of the largest and most complex infrastructure projects underway in the province. Hemmera | www.hemmera.com

ESAB’s new Tandem Twin submerged arc welding process increases metal deposition rate and cuts arc time in half. Tandem Twin welding combines tandem welding with twin wire welding to achieve the highest possible deposition rate. The twin wire welding process typically uses two relatively small diameter wires with a single power source and a single contact tip to increase deposition rates by 20% to 30% versus single wire DC SAW. Tandem welding uses two separate power supplies, two wire feeders, and two large diameter wires to achieve double the deposition rate as single wire SAW. The heart of ESAB’s Tandem Twin solution consists of two heads, each using twin wires, mounted on an ESAB Column and Boom. The heads are powered by one ESAB LAF DC power source and one ESAB TAF AC power source that deliver up to 1250 amp per head. ESAB is currently the only company offering this unique process.

Wind resource assessment & performance monitoring NRG Systems will present their WINDCUBE v2, WindLinx wireless service, and their complete wind measurement systems that have been an industry standard for over two decades. Used in resource assessment and wind farm performance monitoring, the WINDCUBE v2 is the lightest, most compact lidar remote sensor available. It collects actual measurements at heights up to 200 meters, mapping the vertical wind component, wind speed and direction, turbulence, and wind shear. Newly introduced this year, WindLinx is a unified wireless service that streamlines wireless account activation and overall management of met tower data transfer from multiple sites around the world.

Renewable energy consulting ﬁrm ORTECH Power is a renewable energy consulting firm that specializes in getting wind projects completed—from project management to permitting to financial analysis onto commissioning. ORTECH’s practical experience provides its’ clients with sound advice during all phases of a project. ORTECH provides a variety of technical services such as due diligence, wind resource assessment, micrositing/layout, financial analysis, engineering support, O&M budgeting/forecasting, M&A services, EPC RFP support, owners’ representative, and project management services. ORTECH Power | www.ortech.ca

NRG Systems | www.nrgsystems.com

ESAB | www.esabna.com

Wind power generators Sherwood Electromotion Inc. (SEI) are experts in wind power generators. Backed by over 30 years of experience, SEI is able to offer services to wind power generator manufacturers, as well as to wind power generator operators. For generator manufacturers, SEI offers contract manufacturing opportunities, in addition to warranty period repair and overhaul services for wind power generators rated 1 MW to 6 MW. For operators, SEI provides services for the repair and overhaul of wind power generators rated 1 MW to 6 MW, in addition to the supply of sub-assemblies and components for wind power generators. Sherwood Electromotion Inc. | www.sherwoodelectromotion.com

KR Wind - the global partner for your next wind energy project KR Wind is a turn-key provider for wind farm developers, investors/owners and manufactures worldwide. We provide logis c solu ons, inclusive road transport, shipping, crane erec on, installa on and partnerships that allow us to support and oﬀer “Balance of Plant” opera ons as needed by our clients. A safe working environment is our first priority and we strive to proac vely adapt our services to match the needs of our clients no ma er what the job entails – single service or turnkey solu on.

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Castings for wind turbines Castech Metallurgy is a ferrous foundry producing castings from one pound to over 30,000 pounds of net weight. Since 2008, Castech has developed the expertise in the production of large casting required for wind turbines, such as the hub that meets all European specifications. In partnership with its sister company, Plessitech, Castech can offer fully machined castings or fabrications including painting and assembly. Their operations are accredited under the norms of ISO-9001:2008. Castech Metallurgy Inc. www.castechinc.com

Gearing component supplier Carolina Gear & Components, or CGC, has spent years manufacturing large components for mining, metal processing, and heavy machine tooling applications, in addition to many others. The company not only subcontracts services such as heat treating, but they also oversee the entire operation, machining the blanks and handling the finish grinding themselves. They deal with large course-pitch pinions and gears up to eight meters for the mining and wind energy markets, all strictly according to AGMA, ISO, and DIN standards. The company also has a new addition under construction that will double their facility space to 50,000 square feetâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;once moved into the new quarters this fall, CGC will continue exploring new markets, in addition to those in which it is currently active, and will keep working to build its reputation in the wind energy industry as a supplier of quality gearing components. CGC also plans to explore additional capabilities and services such as repair and retrofitting of rotational type equipment, and testing and inspection, offering one stop supply shop for power transmission requirements. Carolina Gear & Components www.cgc-group.net

Engineered transportation services

Turbine for low wind regimes

Equipment Express was incorporated in 1950 and began as a transportation arm to two large US rigging companies. The company quickly rose to gain national and continental prowess in transportation management industry. Equipment Express has been providing turn-key solutions for many different types of projects over the years. They believe that when one incorporates the offloading services, as well as the transportation, this enables a project to share management, thereby avoiding delays and additional costs to the customer. Equipment Express provides fully engineered transportation services, heavy lift cranes, and rigging. Equipment Express www.equipmentexpress.com

The German-based wind turbine supplier REpower Systems AG introduces a new 2 MW turbine, specifically designed for the North American market. After introducing the turbines MM82 and MM92 in previous years, REpower Systems now unveils its plans to introduce a new 2 MW turbine with 100m rotor diameter, called MM100, which addresses low wind regimes in the North American market. Based on the same design concept as its predecessors, the MM100 implements a performance-enhancing, reliable design concept similar to the entire MM series and by that leverages the extensive experience of over 1.500 turbines already installed worldwide. After introducing the MM100, REpower plans to install first prototypes of this turbine in the US for the end of 2011. REpower Systems AG www.repower.de

Technical services to the wind turbine industry Canadian Space Services Ltd. (CSS) is a Canadian field service company providing comprehensive technical services to the wind turbine industry across Canada. They have recently diversified their offering to include the blade, spinner, and nacelle inspection, as well as the documentation and repair during the pre-commissioning phase of wind farm installations. CSSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s expertise in radome field service provides a solid foundation for rapid response to on-site repair, maintenance, and return-to-service warranty work. They listen to the urgency of each situation, then provide a timely quote based on the location of the wind farm and the specific type of technician team required. Once at the site, the CSS team will assess the situation and communicate a work task plan outlining the scope of work. Safe working practices dominate every work task as outlined in their safety manual and work procedures. Canadian Space Services Ltd. www.canspace.com

Data quality control WindServer, a trusted source for data quality control, data access, asset management, and site reporting for the wind energy sector, has a new look, feel, and enhanced reporting capabilities. The sleek and interactive digital dashboard provides users with the ability to view towers or sites at a glance. Not only will users be able to determine the health of sensors within seconds, but they will also be able to drill down to the smallest detail. Reports can be customized to include any number of chart types, and the improved data export provides easy access to raw data, validated data, and calculated values. GENIVAR | www.genivar.com | www.windserver.com

EPC/BOP wind power contractor Mortenson Canada Corporation is a full-service EPC/BOP wind power contractor in renewable energy construction. Since 1995, Mortenson has been at the center of over 90 wind projects totaling more than 9,100 megawatts, with 850 megawatts in five provinces. Mortenson will unveil its new Canadian headquarters, located in Toronto, in November 2010. Mortenson Canada Corporation www.mortenson.com

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Power engineering design & consulting

Full-service rock anchor contractor

Renewable energy power generation

Peak Power Engineering, Inc., a UniversalPegasus International company, provides power engineering design and consulting services to all segments of the electric power industry—rural electric cooperatives, municipalities, generation and transmission companies, investor-owned utilities, independent power producers, and alternative energy generation developers. Peak Power has performed hundreds of substation, transmission, and distribution projects from 25 kV to 345 kV, and has designed electrical interconnects for 60 wind farm projects totaling over 7,500 MW. Working with their sister firms in the UniversalPegasus family of companies, they offer power clients fully integrated packages of project services including surveying, environmental, GIS/mapping, front-end engineering development, engineering design and specification, equipment/material procurement, construction management, and inspection services.

Geo-Foundations Contractors Inc. is a provider of design-build geotechnical specialist contracting including drilled pile and rock anchor construction services for wind turbine foundation construction. They are a turn-key service provider performing—entirely with their own forces—all rock anchor related services including drilling, hydraulic conductivity testing, rock mass consolidation grouting, installation, grouting, and post-tensioning. Their large fleet of drill rigs and specialty post-tensioning jacks and apparatus enables their crews to achieve the high rates of production necessary to support fast-tracked turbine base construction schedules. GeoFoundations Contractors’ mobile teams of operators, laborers, and technicians perform work coast-to-coast in Canada, having so far installed over 25,000 lineal meters of rock anchors in seven different provinces in the past 13 years.

White Construction specializes in renewable energy power generation projects by utilizing the strengths of their long-standing history of heavy industrial construction. White Construction was one of the pioneering companies in the early days of wind farm construction across North America. Their experience, combined with high-quality standards and safety practices, has gained them recognition in the wind industry. Currently, they have installed more than 4,000 MW in the US and Canada. White Construction is distinctive in their ability to provide the engineering, procurement, and construction necessary to provide a turn-key approach to renewable energy project. They have the knowledge, experience, equipment, and management to ensure a project is on time, and within budget.

Geo-Foundation Contractors www.geo-foundations.com

HB White | www.whiteconstruction.com

Wind turbine repair IPS TRICO provides some of the most experienced and comprehensive capabilities in wind turbine repair, up-tower services, and replacement parts in North America. They repair all major brands of wind turbines in North America, and have developed and created repair procedures for many OEM’s. IPS TRICO is authorized by most OEM’s for generator repair and up-tower services, and now offer gearbox repair, as well. Their dedicated teams of up-tower wind service technicians are strategically located across the country to provide fast up-tower service. Their footprint of 16 regional service centers across the US, allows us to respond on a local, regional and national level. IPS TRICO also maintains a complete inventory of critical spare parts (e.g. bearings, slip rings, couplings, encoders, brushes, etc.) in support of customers. IPS TRICO | www.tricotcwind.com

Peak Power Engineering (A UniversalPegasus International company) www.universalpegasus.com

Renewable energy projects and O&M Specializing in design - build solutions for foundation support, ground improvement and ground treatment

Wind power support services

2OCK !NCHORS s -ICROPILES s *ET 'ROUTING s 3OIL .AILING s !NCHORED 3HOTCRETE 'ROUTING (OT "ITUMEN 2OCK 0RESSURE 3OIL 0ERMEATION #OMPACTION 302 Main Street North, Acton, Ontario, Canada L7J 1W9 Toll Free: 1-888-846-7858 Phone: 519-853-3216 www.geo-foundations.com

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Intertek’s wind power services support manufacturers, owners, and operators in the wind power industry with a broad range of services, including: certifications, field labeling, structural analysis and inspection, system certification, preventative maintenance, independent verification, and monitoring. Intertek’s open air test site for small wind turbines is the only wind testing facility in North America that is operated by an OSHA recognized Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory capable of providing small wind turbine system and electrical component certifications. As a recognized third-party testing company, Intertek increases sales opportunities for large and small wind manufacturers by providing verification of compliance with national and international wind turbine efficiency, performance, and safety requirements. Intertek | intertek.com/wind

EDF EN Canada – an EDF EN Company, entered the Canadian market in 2008 offering financial strength and technical innovation with more than 3,000 MW of renewable energy projects in service or under construction. enXco Service Corporation – an EDF EN Company, is a third-party operations and maintenance renewable energy provider in North America. For 23 years, eSC has ensured profitability for wind project owners by providing experienced and reliable O&M services, with more than 5,200 turbines under contract representing over 4,100 MW of generation. EDF EN Canada | enXco Services Corporation www.enxco.com

Wire & cable solutions Electrical Cable Supply Ltd. (ECS) is the largest independent supplier of wire and cable solutions coast to coast. Over the past 26 years, ECS has built a reputation for providing specialty cables for challenging applications such as wind energy, twohour fire rated life safety systems, marine, oil and gas environments, and the mining industry. In addition to technical engineering support, they offer many value-added services such as inventory managed programs, project and logistic coordination, and 24/7 emergency services. Electrical Cable Supply Ltd. www.ecswire.com

Wind power solutions

Cargo-handling services

Precision alignment for wind turbines

Modern power systems rely on sophisticated power equipment, where control and monitoring systems all work in harmony. ABB products, systems and services ensure reliable, high-quality power for wind power customers, from turbine manufacturers to grid owners. ABB provides support for its products and systems throughout their lifetime—from installation and commissioning services to preventive maintenance programs, upgrades, and replacement products. ABB delivers power and automation technologies that enable utility and industry customers to improve their performance while lowering environmental impact.

Logistec has over five decades of experience in cargo-handling services through a strong network of 23 strategic locations in Canada and the US. Logistec has been present since the wind energy sector’s explosive growth, working hand-in-hand with the world’s largest wind turbine manufacturers, logistics experts, and key transportation stakeholders offering efficient, cost-effective, and safe cargo-handling services that customers have come to expect. Logistec provides customized solutions to the wind energy sector’s unique logistics requirements through their vast expertise, strong market knowledge, and highly skilled and adaptable workforce. Whether it’s unloading or loading ships or barges, loading and securing complex components to truck or rail, or providing assistance in determining the most competitive and efficient cargo terminal in which to handle cargo, they handle cargo in the safest and most productive manner possible.

Performing maintenance in the nacelle of a wind turbine puts both staff and maintenance equipment to the test. Available space and design of the gearbox and the generator varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. The laser based shaft alignment tool and fixtures that are used need to be flexible and adaptable to conform to the specifications of each wind turbine manufacturer. Elos Fixturlaser AB has, over the years, acquired the expertise and trust required to develop and design both hardware and software unique to the major players in the wind turbine market. There are many factors to consider when performing wind turbine alignment: safety protocols and routines; the design of the turbine; if the alignment can be performed with or without coupled shafts; if the shaft is rotatable or not; etc. To overcome these factors, Elos Fixturlaser AB has different shaft alignment tools that can be used according to the wind mills needs: XA, GO, UPADXA, Shaft Hog (Dirigo).

ABB Inc. www.abb.ca/windpower

Logistec Corporation www.logistec.com

Solutions for wind energy

Wind turbines & hydraulic towers

American Superconductor (AMSC) offers a range of proven solutions for the wind industry. AMSC Windtec provides licenses and customized designs for multi-megawatt wind turbines. Customers receive unlimited service and support and can begin manufacturing wind turbines in as little as 12 months. AMSC Windtec is currently developing the SeaTitan wind turbine, designed to produce 10 MW or more of power per tower. Based on its PowerModule power converter, AMSC also provides wind turbine electrical systems and controls that enable reliable, highperformance wind turbine operation by managing power flows, regulating voltage, monitoring system performance, controlling the pitch of blades and the yaw of turbines to maximize efficiency. The company further provides D-VAR systems, which are helping to stabilize voltage levels at more than 70 wind farms around the world to meet grid interconnection requirements.

ReDriven Power’s 5, 10, 20, and 50kw tailless turbines provide an effective and efficient means of producing power. Hydraulic towers at 18, 24, 30, and 36 meters (60, 80, 100, and 120ft) lift and lower the systems, simplifying installation and maintenance. Perfectly suited for government, schools, farmers, business owners, or consumers, these systems cover the renewable energy production requirements for a large segment of needs. ReDriven Power’s systems feature the following attributes: eight levels of turbine safety, which includes dual active brakes and a clutch yaw system; hydraulic tower for reduced cost of ownership; innovative active yaw up wind and tailless design; touch screen interface; low wind start-up for maximum utilization of available wind resources; secure online power production monitoring for dealers and customers; real-time health monitoring on key metrics to ensure optimal performance; and, no crane required for installation or maintenance.

Services Techniques Claude Drouin www.stcd.ca

ReDriven Power | www.redriven.net

American Superconductor (AMSC) www.amsc.com

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Turn-key wind farm EBOP solutions

Oil ﬁltration systems

Wind turbine manufacturing

Turbine maintenance & repair services

The K-Line Group has constructed multiple wind farm projects across Canada, and has the experience and expertise necessary to assist in the development of any wind project. Specifically, the K-Line Group of Companies specializes in turn-key wind farm Electrical Balance of Plant (EBOP) solutions from 600 V to 230 kV. In-house capabilities include IESO and HONI submissions, civil, mechanical and electrical engineering, distribution, transmission, and substation construction, commissioning, and maintenance services, as well as 24/7 emergency response. With multiple office locations and over 500 MW of Electrical BOP installed, they are able to service North American and International markets alike.

C.C.JENSEN, a trusted partner for providing clean oil for wind turbines, manufactures soil filtration systems that remove harmful contaminants from gearboxes, bearings, and hydraulic systems. C.C.JENSEN Fine Filters systematically remove particles, oil degradation products, and water from the oil, which means less maintenance and improved up-time.

For more than 30 years, DMI Industries has built a solid reputation in heavy steel manufacturing, and now in wind towers. Wind turbine manufacturers rely on DMI for a best-in-class product built to their exact specifications, delivered on time, every time. Strategically located factories are fully integrated to take every tower section through every stage of the production process all at the same location, and DMI begins every project with the raw materials and processes that offer a superior product.

Skala provides quality inspection, maintenance, and repair services for utility scale wind turbine blades and towers using rope access capabilities. Skala teams provide expedient, cost-effective service because they don’t rely upon lifts or cranes to complete most work. The work is completed safely, efficiently, and economically with a focus on minimizing downtime of the asset. Services include tower and blade inspection, construction support, cleaning, coating, and fiberglass repair. Skala certified technicians are committed to professionalism, quality, and exceptional customer service.

C.C.JENSEN | www.ccjensen.com

DMI Industries www.dmiindustries.com

Skala | www.teamskala.com

K-Line Group | www.k-line.ca

Environmental & engineering solutions

Providing flexibility is a hallmark for Gamesa; the G5X 850kw, G8X 2.0MW, the new G9X 2.0MW, and the new G10X 4.5MW platforms ensure they provide the best wind turbine solution to match customer’s needs. Gamesa also introduces the new G97 2.0MW with an increased swept-area that optimizes energy capture and maximizes energy production and revenues. The new air-foil design reduces noise emissions to comply with local requirements. O&M is a critical component of keeping a fleet running optimally. Gamesa’s professional service team provides after-sales service and support, and can remotely verify the status, monitor, control, and diagnose a wind farm to ensure optimum performance. Having installed over 3,600 MW, Gamesa Energy further provides development, construction, and the sale of wind farms.

Golder Associates has 50 years of technical expertise, offering timely and cost-effective solutions for environmental and engineering needs. Golder’s services span the entire lifecycle of wind power projects— from resource assessment and siting, through licensing, to operational forecasting, environmental monitoring and decommissioning, as well as post-closure restoration. Innovative and technically driven, Golder engineers and scientists provide practical, solutions that meet the technical and business goals of clients. Their familiarity with current and emerging wind technologies, as well as their North American regulatory knowledge, is a proven asset in working through the environmental requirements in any jurisdiction. Golder wind power services include meteorological studies, pre-development monitoring (avian and bat conditions), construction logistics, viewsheds, impact assessment and permitting, construction compliance planning and monitoring, and operation compliance for on-shore as well as off-shore projects. Their services also include linear facilities such as transmission lines and access roadways.

Gamesa | www.gamesacorp.com

Golder Associates | www.golder.com

Wind turbine solutions

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Wind farm collector substations

Transcat is a supplier of hydraulic torque equipment, industrial tools, and test/measurement instruments. Couple this with their accredited calibration service, Transcat is in a unique position to help reduce overall wind energy tool procurement costs and improve safety. Transcat has a proven track record in assisting wind energy clients with tool standardization and measuring tool performance. They accomplish this by analyzing tool requirements and by providing a good/better/best recommendation. In addition, their proprietary asset management system allows Transcat to provide feedback on “in field” tool performance, which allows customers to make fact based tool decisions.

The technology employed in developing and commissioning a wind farm is unique. Once the turbines begin to spin, the focus turns to collecting, transmitting, and distributing the power created from the wind. Critical factors include understanding how much power is being created, and how to provide protection for the cables, equipment, and transformers as the power is moved up to the transmission lines. AZZ | Blenkhorn & Sawle solves these issues with custom engineered and manufactured collector substations for wind farm applications. From the collector bus switchgear, to the protective relay panels for cable and transformer protection, to the fully completed, factory tested enclosure, AZZ | Blenkhorn & Sawle has the experience to complete the project on time and under budget. Complete factory assembled systems allow the enclosure to arrive fully assembled, wired and tested, providing quicker installation, easier commissioning, and earlier transmission to the grid.

Transcat www.transcat.com/windenergy

AZZ | Blenkhorn & Sawle www.azz-bsl.com

Tools, torque equipment & test/ measurement instruments

Consulting engineering ﬁrm BBA is a Canadian consulting engineering firm numbering more than 500 employees. It offers engineering services with a high level of expertise, notably in the energy sector, and the mines and metals sector. BBA stands out in the engineering industry by its unique integrated service offer including executive consulting, operational technical expertise, and commissioning. BBA ranks among Canada’s “50 Best Managed Companies” according to a selection made by the firm Deloitte and CIBC. BBA | www.bba.ca

Meteorological and wind turbine generator O&M PRESTIGE ENERGIS services the North American Wind energy industry. Their services include various installation capabilities for wind farm projects. They provide meteorological and wind turbine generator (WTG) tower equipment installations and maintenance. They also provide engineering, installation, maintenance, and modification of lattice towers, monopoles, wind power structures, and equipment. PRESTIGE ENERGIS www.energis.prestigetel.com

Specialty lubricants for turbine applications Klüber Lubrication has been providing tribological solutions for over 80 years. As a worldwide manufacturer of specialty lubricants, one of their goals is to develop products and services that meet or exceed the extreme demands found in wind turbine applications. Klüber’s innovative lubrication program for wind turbines is designed to protect equipment and help make life easier by improving reliability and reducing maintenance costs. Klüber Lubrication www.klueber.com

Emerging environmental technologies In Elgin, they recognize the importance of sustaining growth and driving new investment for their communities. Innovative and forward-thinking interest from the public and private sector in the deployment of emerging environmental technologies, including wind, ethanol, waste treatment, and bio-energy, continues to grow. Elgin County is strategically located in the heart of southwestern Ontario, a province that has committed to renewable energy through the development of legislation with the Green Energy Act and the Feedin Tariff (FIT) program. Elgin is poised to benefit from upgrades to the transmission system with two 500 kV (proposed) core transmission projects slated to occur within the next five to ten years. Running just north of Elgin, the transmission system moves power from the region into the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Elgin County – Economic Development www.progressivebynature.com

Wind measurements & site assessments

Exothermic ignition system BURNDY announces the BURNDYWeld QIKLITE battery operated ignition system for exothermic connections. This new system uses innovative technology combined with traditional features and benefits unmatched in the industry. The BURNDY QIKLITE unit is the only remote exothermic system that guarantees ignition 100% of the time. The self-contained unit offers a built-in battery life indicator, 6' igniter cord, and separate buttons for power and ignition. Also, no starting powder is used with this system so emissions are greatly reduced. QIKLITE works with standard molds and weld metal, so contractors and installers can continue to use the same quality BURNDYWeld products, and have the option of using a traditional flint igniter or the new QIKLITE system. Another feature is the speed of ignition, with virtually no delay between depressing the “push to operate” button and ignition of the weld metal. This instant ignition feature offers quick reassurance to the installer, without the delay experienced with other options currently on the market.

Heating system ENGRENAGE PROVINCIAL INC. offers their new HS 16: Heating system. The HS 16 is connected to external control unit/PLC, offers a 20-minute pre-heating of H1 and H2 with 700W, as well as H1 with 2*100W and H2 with 2*250W. After 10 seconds of operating, the pump reaches a pressure differential of 1,5bar. Users can add H3 15kW (HS10 with 7.5kW), operate until 1.000cst (which are around 20cst H3 with maximum 2m/s), and there is no overheating.

When looking for technical and strategic advice in all areas of wind energy utilization, WindGuard North America, Inc., offers the combination of over 20 years of extensive, practical experience, and scientific know-how to provide the highest standard of services. WindGuard offers site assessments, wind measurements, anemometer calibration, project due diligence, and technical inspections, to name a few. Their reports are accredited and bankable, allowing customers to realize their wind projects efficiently. Their calibrations are MEASNET accredited. As WindGuard owns four wind tunnels, turn-around times of just a few hours, in some cases, can be realized. They consistently carry-out research and development projects for private and government clients, having actively advised the German Government, for example. WindGuard North America, Inc. | www.windguard.de

ENGRENAGE PROVINCIAL INC. www.engrenageprovincial.com

BURNDY | www.bundy.com North American Clean Energy

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Optical engineering design & LED technology The new L450 product range of red and red/white, medium-intensity LED obstacle lights incorporate one of the most advanced optical engineering design and LED technology enabling the development of the most cost-effective solutions for the medium-intensity obstruction light market. The new L450 products are focused on minimizing the visual impact that obstacle lights can have on the surrounding environment, while at the same time further reducing power consumption. The L450’s “all-in-one” concept follows the designs successfully adopted over the past 10 years in the L350 product with the light having a built in power module, controller, and GPS synchronizer. This product design makes the lights simple to install, enables them to operate reliably under the harshest conditions, and minimizes both the capital costs and cost of ownership. TWR Lighting Inc. www.twrlighting.com

Hydraulic braking solutions Svendborg Brakes is a manufacturer of hydraulic braking solutions for heavy industry. Svendborg employs technological expertise, market intelligence, along with highly competent personnel to fulfill customer requirements for reliable and cost-effective braking solutions. Furthermore, the braking solutions are customized to precisely match a customer’s requirements and applications. They offer solutions in which hydraulics, electronics, and advanced brake engineering are combined, as brakes have to operate when other parts have failed. Svendborg can handle any task in braking solutions, no matter how extreme. Svendborg Brakes A/S www.svendborg-brakes.com

EPC & environmental services

Re-engineered brush holder

Megawatt-class wind turbine

The AMEC Black & McDonald joint venture has served the wind energy industry for over fifteen years and has participated in more than forty completed wind farms, both on land and offshore. The joint venture provides a full range of environmental, engineering, procurement, and construction services. They provide these services on a design-build basis or through other contracting arrangements. AMEC Black & McDonald has the experience and resources to manage entire wind energy project developments from site assessment to design and installation to operational support. The joint venture’s EPC experience, combined with its worldwide project and construction management experience, has established a history of delivering projects on time and within budget by designing innovative facilities and processes, efficiently managing large and small industrial construction projects, and developing and implementing an effective project control program.

Mersen has re-designed the phase and ground brush holders for Hitachi generators installed in the GE fleet of 1.5 MW wind turbines. The new Mersen brush rigging assembly is a totally reengineered system, designed to reduce wear, maintenance, and downtime in the long term. The new brush holders are plug-and-play. Up-tower installation is fast, simple, and requires no modifications to the generator. The mass-produced holders, die-cast from bronze alloy, are sturdy and built to withstand rigorous field use and turbine maintenance without sustaining damage. Mersen engineered radialmounted brush holders to eradicate the previous reaction and trailing configuration and improve load sharing and equal wear rates between brushes. The brush dimensions were changed to provide equal surface area for the same energy transmission.

Expanding the output range and operating performance of its mid-sized (megawatt-class) wind turbines, GE has developed the 1.6 wind turbine with a 100-meter rotor. An upgrade of the existing GE 1.6 wind turbine with an 82.5-meter rotor, the new machine offers a 47% increase in swept area, which results in an 18% increase in annual energy production. The 1.6-100 builds on the proven experience of GE’s 1.5-megawatt wind turbine, the workhorse of the global wind energy industry with more than 13,500 units installed. The 1.6-100 also draws from GE’s 2.5xl wind turbine technology by incorporating proven, certified component designs from that machine. More than 230 GE 2.5xl wind turbines are installed worldwide and have compiled more than 2.1 million operating hours.

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

Mersen | www.mersen.com

AMEC Black & McDonald www.amec.com/wind

Fall protection For years, Tractel has been developing new technologies for fall protection in the wind industry. The evolution in emergency evacuation and rescue continues as Tractel introduces its second generation Derope emergency evacuation/controlled descent device. User feedback, experience and new technology have driven the design of this new generation of Derope devices. With an increased descent speed and twin exit hubs designed into the casing, the Derope GEN-2 is more efficient, but is also more durable. Additional new features include: dual descent control pig tails; external cooling fins; integrated rope locking cleat; and, completely sealed brake housing, which allows the Derope to be one of the few units on the market to pass the ridge wet and cold testing procedures of the Canadian Standards Association. Tractel | www.tractel.com

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High-power wind turbines

Wind resource assessment

Pioneer Wind is a manufacturer and marketer of advanced, high-power wind turbines and provider of related operations and maintenance services. Using proven technology, the company’s wind turbines deliver high performance and are ideally suited to North American climate conditions, wind regimes, and terrains. Pioneer Wind’s A-1650 and A-2000 wind turbines are three-blade, horizontal-axis designs with generation capacities of 1.65 MW and 2.0 MW, respectively. Each model features robust gearbox construction with an integrated rotor shaft, making the units more compact and silent. The combination of variable rotational speed and full span pitch control allows the turbines to operate at wind speeds from 3.0 to 3.5 m/s and reach rated output capacity starting at 12 m/s.

Meteodyn is an expert in CFD wind energy computation and assessment. Many major companies in the wind energy industry already use Meteodyn WT, the CFD software for accurate wind resource assessment—even on complex terrains. Meteodyn has developed two new options: the wind production forecasting module (short-term wind forecast system), and the Lidar correction module (to optimize the Lidar measurement and gain in accuracy for wind resource estimation). For small wind projects, they’ve launched UrbaWind: the CFD software specially engineered for wind energy assessment in urban and industrial areas. Meteodyn also carries out all studies involving wind parameters.

Pioneer Wind Energy Systems, Inc. www.pioneerwindenergy.com

Meteodyn America Inc. www.meteodyn.com

Coming November 2010 North American Clean Energy is pleased to announce a new sister publication,

European Clean Energy provides an informational look at all the top sources of renewable energy. Sign up for European Clean Energy today and receive an in-depth look at the newest products, services and technologies combined with regular features from industry experts, upcoming events and more! With over 20 successful years of experience in the publishing industry, we are committed in providing content that our readers want, in an environment that meets our advertisers’ needs. We ensure you reach over 17,000 key individuals and decision makers inﬂuencing and purchasing your products and services. This quality, professional magazine is published six times per year, European Clean Energy will be distributed within all major European nations and is available free to qualiﬁed subscribers.

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geothermal energy

Geothermal Exploration Using geophysics to reduce risk By Greg Hollyer & Roger Sharpe

Remote

MT Site

Reference

oday, we are witnessing an energy demand RT-130 that will continue to grow throughout this Ey Data Electrodes century as a result of continuing population Y Logger (steel plates or rods) growth, annual demand growth of eight percent Hy Ex X in developing countries, increasing transportaHx tion demand, and other factors. Unfortunately, Magnetometers conventional sources of energy, such as oil and Hz gas, may have already peaked in terms of productionâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;leaving us with relatively little time to find alternative energy sources to power our factories, homes, and vehicles. Governments are increasingly looking to alternative or non-conventional sources on which to base the economies and technologies of the future. These sources include wind, solar, tidal, and geothermal power. Geothermal exploration has also been a particular focus of the US government where, recently, the stimulus bill has provided Department of Energy (DOE) grants to developers. Geothermal energy is a form of energy extracted from either hot, dry rocks or hot, wet rocks. A variety of methods including geology, geochemistry, and geophysics are used to characterize heat sources prior to development and exploitation. One major challenge confronting geothermal companies is how to efficiently, economically, and effectively explore for and determine the optimal site location for drillholes, which target heat sources directly, or fluid reservoirs and conduits at depths of one to three kilometers or more. During the exploration phase, one of the key methods is ground geophysics. Methods, such as magnetotellurics (MT), can map resistivity to significant depths (up to 10km or more). MT delivers diagnostic information about geology, porosity, salinity, heat, geometry, and structure. It is relatively easy to deploy and can significantly reduce project risk. Risk is inherent to geothermal exploration and development. Not only must a productive source be located, it must also be characterized to assess geothermal potential. MT is one Site Array

1 Recording Unit (Data Logger) 1 GPS Synchronization clock

1 Ex and 1 Ey-Field Measurements

Electrodes: steel plates or rods

1 Hx, 1 Hy and 1 Hz Measurements

RT-130 Data Logger

Ex & Ey field measurement

Hx & Hy field measurement

of the main methods currently employed to reduce risk as it is a highly penetrating and resolving method. Electric and electromagnetic surveys (ex. MT) are particularly sensitive to the presence of geothermal fluids, especially relative to other ground geophysical methods such as seismic, gravity, and magnetics. Conventional wisdom says to start with gravity and MT programs as reconnaissance techniques, then to follow up with seismic as necessary to deliver more details on geometry during the final stages of exploration. A typical MT program will require acquisition, quality control, processing, and interpretation to deliver a final, high-quality and interpretable result. Data are typically acquired on lines or semi-regular gridsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;depending on the property and the geologic objectives. Grid surveying is most popular for three-dimensional targets such as reservoirs and heat sources. Typical site intervals are 500m and 1000m. Grid acquisition lends itself well to 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D interpretation analysis. Line-based acquisition is typical where targets are fault structures for fluid conduits (basin and range faulting in the western US). In practice, an MT sounding site is easily deployed because it is man-portable. The environmental footprint is modest, consisting of a few shallow holes dug by hand using a pick and shovel. Systems typically comprise three magnetometer coils for orthogonal measurement of magnetic fields and two grounded electrical antennae for orthogonal measurement of horizontal electric fields. Pairs of electric and magnetic measurements produce spectral Cagniard impedance soundings that are then mathematically inverted to produce a resistivity model of the subsurface under the survey area. When all five magnetic and electric sensors are used, the survey is known as tensor magnetotellurics and it provides the most complete set of MT information possible. MT signal sources are typically natural occurring phenomenon such as lighting, sunspots, and solar wind. Magnetospheric and ionospheric interactions result in a more or less continuous spectrum of periodic current flow in the earth. There are several named and common spectral measurement ranges, such as audio-magnetotellurics (AMT). For deep (500m and greater) geothermal surveys, the important spectral band lies in the range 1000 seconds to 250 Hz. For shallower studies, the common AMT bandwidth is 10 seconds to 10 kHz. MT data undergo rigorous, non-trivial signal extraction and quality control procedures. A continuous time-series of information is collected by the MT logger. Culture, such as power-lines, industrial noise, local traffic, and even movement of a small piece of metal near the sensors, are much stronger than MT signals. A remote reference site having low noise, or noise that is not coherent with the local site, is important. Sophisticated robust processing methods estimate the transfer functions that map MT signals to resistivity. Processed MT results are input into geophysical modeling algorithms, powerful inversion programs that generate approximate geologic sections. Based on intrinsic geophysical parameters, these sections are a key interpretational aid and can provide significant insights into the nature of geothermal reservoirs to depth. Integration with surface geochemistry, drill samples, satellite imagery, geology, and other geophysical data, such as gravity and seismic, completes the targeting picture. Geothermal exploration and development is an exciting field, driven by the economic realities of peak oil, and the feasibility of powering cities, factories, and vehicles with clean and renewable energy from the ground. Now MT and other techniques deliver new tools to help extract this valuable resource. Greg Hollyer is the manager for sales and market at Quantec Geoscience, and Roger Sharpe is a senior geophysicist based out of the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Reno office. Quantec Geoscience | www.quantecgeoscience.com

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Geothermal Heat Pumps Thrive in Today’s Environment By Shawn Melton

Tested Toughness.

of mind. In 2009, the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act instituted a 30% tax credit on the total installation cost of an Energy Star qualified residential geothermal system. This incentive virtually eliminated the price premium that previously impeded the upfront cost comparison of geothermal systems against their conventional counterparts, and it remains in place through 2016. An increasing number of states and local utilities are also offering their own rebates or incentives for geothermal

■

Lockable tophead option for directional drilling

■

Hydraulic rod breaking systems available

■

185K

ncreasing awareness of the benefits of geothermal heating and cooling has heat pumps, adding to the technology’s awareness and accessibility. Individual driven impressive industry growth over the past several years. During a down provinces also provide incentives for installation in Canada. economy, the sales growth is even more remarkable. Most of the major geothermal manufacturers report seeing significant year over year growth and predict that How geothermal systems work trend to continue over time. Extremely high levels of efficiency are possible because geothermal heat pumps From a residential application standpoint, geothermal awareness has never simply use electricity to move heat, versus actually producing it. A geothermal been higher. The primary benefits of a geothermal system including efficiency, Continued on page 114. environmental consciousness, and low operational and lifespan costs combine to attract homeowners in today’s turbulent economic environment—add to that the greater social desires for green solutions and green living. Even as housing stats are depressed, residential geothermal sales have increased partly due to an increased understanding that geothermal ■ 185,000 lbs hookload capacity systems are a viable and affordable option for existing homes. ■ 140,000 in/lbs torque at 140 RPM Unprecedented incentives for ■ 51’ working space above table area geothermal systems have also ■ Stacking rack elevated the technology to top

www.gefco.com xnä°ÓÎ{°{£{£ÊUÊ` Ã> iÃJ}ivV °V

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geothermal energy Geothermal Heat Pumps Thrive in Today’s Environment

…continued from page 113. unit typically supplies four to five kilowatts of heat for every kilowatt of electricity used. In other words, geothermal units generate energy at a 400% to 500% efficiency rate. Around 75% of these kilowatts of heat come directly from the earth itself and are free, clean, and entirely renewable. In the purest sense, geothermal systems use solar energy. The earth absorbs an amazing 48% of the sun’s energy, leaving a fairly constant underground temperature between 45° F and 70° F. A water solution flows through pipes buried in the ground (ground loop system) absorbing heat from the earth in the winter and moving it to the geothermal system inside the house. Once there, the heat is condensed and transferred to the air that is circulated throughout the home, providing warmth when needed. In the summer, the process is reversed, absorbing heat from the air inside the home, similar to how a refrigerator extracts heat from food to make it cool, and transfers that heat into the ground through the same loop system. The process and logistics of geothermal heating and cooling has led some to believe that it is only effective in certain climates or in very rural areas. However, the consistent ground temperature is true regardless of the climate, rebuffing the notion that geothermal solutions are only effective in specific regions. Several variations for ground loops exist to make geothermal heating and cooling available in virtually any geography, terrain, or residential lot size. Geothermal beneﬁts

Geothermal heating and cooling provides many benefits, one of them environmental. The fact that the energy it uses comes from nature makes it very appealing from an economic, as well as an environmental perspective. Because it uses a renewable source that will never go out of supply, it incurs less operational costs compared to any other type of heating and cooling system on the market today. It also has no known negative impact on the environment. Geothermal systems emit no fumes because they do not burn fossil fuels. That means there are no greenhouse gasses impacting the ozone or the air quality. Geothermal systems do much more than just provide comfortable heating. These heat pumps also take advantage of the relatively constant mild ground temperature for extremely high-efficiency cooling. Most systems also include a hot water generator, which diverts a portion of the supplied heat to a domestic water heater. This provides a substantial portion of a family’s hot water needs at a very low cost, maximizing their monthly savings. Perhaps this is why independent surveys have repeatedly shown geothermal systems to have the highest consumer satisfaction rates when compared to other heating and cooling systems.

One enormous outlet for clean renewable electricity. It’s in our power.™

Shawn Melton is the VP of sales for Enertech Manufacturing, producers of GeoComfort, Hydron Module, and TETCO geothermal systems.

Zero emissions. Endless potential. Our PureCycle® Power System and Turboden products harness hot liquids from sources including biomass, geothermal or oil & gas co-produced ﬂuids, reciprocating engines, gas turbines and industrial waste heat. Generating from 280 kW to more than 2 MW of clean, reliable electricity. Learn more at www.pw.utc.com. Power Systems

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Enertech Manufacturing www.enertechmfg.com

2010 Geothermal Energy Expo October 24th to 27th, 2010 • Sacramento Convention Center—Sacramento, California Show in Print Features just some of the companies and technologies attendees will see at this year’s show.

www.geothermalenergy2010.com Every year, the Geothermal Energy Expo hosts the world’s largest gathering of vendors providing support for geothermal resource exploration, characterization, development, production, and management. The show offers a unique opportunity for exhibitors to showcase their projects, equipment, services, and technologies to the geothermal community.

Heat-to-power generation systems

Geothermal power generation

Technical project management

Geothermal ﬁnancial partner

ElectraTherm, Inc. provides heat-topower generation systems to industry worldwide. The company’s proven and patented Twin Screw Expander enables its line of recovered energy generating systems to make electricity from lowto mid-temperature heat that would otherwise go to waste. ElectraTherm’s fuel-free, emission-free and low-cost ‘Green Machines’ address the following markets: stationary engines, biomass, solar thermal, and geothermal.

Tyco Flow Control has served the power industry for over 100 years with their portfolio of valves and controls. Whether a plant utilizes a flash steam, binary, or combined cycle system, they can provide solutions to optimize and control operations. The company continues to offer flexibility, experience, ongoing technical support, and the lowest cost of ownership possible.

TBA Power’s technical project management capabilities optimize the risk mitigation process and help build a long-lasting investment—24/7 baseline power from a geothermal power plant. They manage the technical development of a resource from exploration to power plant construction. TBA Power is also well-positioned to take over a general contractor role to assist with complex sub-contracting and budgeting processes essential to a successful geothermal project.

Íslandsbanki is an Icelandic bank focusing internationally on the global geothermal energy industry. The nature of geothermal projects demands a strong understanding of the underlying technical issues and risks and, with their background and experience, they have a strong foundation for activities in this industry. With a dedicated geothermal energy team, the bank provides investment banking services for the global geothermal energy sector and maintains a network of partnerships worldwide.

ElectraTherm, Inc. www.electratherm.com

Geothermal monitoring-andcontrol packages Campbell Scientific is now offering geothermal monitoring-and-control packages. The company’s monitoring systems provide highly accurate and reliable data. Products include weather stations, ground-water monitoring systems, and the tools needed for directuse BTU measurement, well-casing monitoring, and turbine and pump performance analysis. Campbell Scientific designs and manufactures measurement and control instruments, specializing in programmable, field-based dataloggers for environmental and industrial applications. Backed by 35 years of experience and more than 150,000 units sold worldwide, Campbell dataloggers are well-known for quality measurements, versatility, and reliable performance— even in harsh, remote environments. Campbell Scientific www.campbellsci.com/renewable-energy

Tyco Flow Control www.tycovalves.com

Design of geothermal & recovered energy generation power plants Ormat Technologies, Inc. is a global geothermal power producer specializing in the design and development of geothermal power plants and recovered energy generation plants for itself and third-party customers. Customers benefit from a single point of responsibility for EPC, including: full control over delivery time, cost, performance, and completion; unsurpassed knowledge and field-proven experience; proven lifecycle costs; and, tailor-made equipment to match any resource condition and project scale for optimal power production. With products and systems covered by 75 US patents, Ormat has engineered and built power plants totaling approximately 1300 MW of gross capacity worldwide. Ormat Technologies, Inc. www.ormat.com

TBA Power | www.tbapower.com

Íslandsbanki www.islandsbanki.is/energy www.islandsbanki.is/disclaimer

Heat-to-electricity generation

Electrical generator equipment

Pratt & Whitney, a division of United Technologies (UTC) is committed to providing clean, efficient, and reliable power within the renewable energy market. Pratt & Whitney Power Systems’ (PWPS) Organic Rankin Cycle (ORC) products provide heat-to-electricity generation for geothermal, biomass, heat recovery, and concentrated solar applications. ORC systems are ideal for utility scale distributed power plants installations from 1 MW to 10 MW and up in size. PWPS’ ORC products consist of substantial benefits such as 24/7/365 remote monitoring, 195° F to 660° F (90° C to 350° C) resource range, and standardized components and assembly process. PWPS further provides an around-the-clock customer assistance hotline.

BRUSH Turbogenerators are an original equipment supplier of steam & gas turbinedriven electrical generator equipment for industrial, utility, and process applications on- and off-shore. Direct air—TEAAC (airto-air) and TEWAC cooling is available in most powers. The range of products built is generally rated 10 MW to 800 MW, and include: salient pole generators for geared turbines 5 MW to 50 MW; turbo type direct coupled generators and motors rated 10 MW to 150 MW; water and hydrogen cooled turbogenerators rated 150 MW to 1000 MW; BRUSH excitation control products that provide state-of-the-art monitoring and protection of the generator support system; and, BRUSH customized new-build generators for geothermal applications. BRUSH Turbogenerators also provides aftermarket support services worldwide.

Pratt & Whitney www.pw.utc.com

BRUSH Turbogenerators www.brush.eu

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Low-temperature geothermal development Raser Technologies develops binary geothermal power plants. Newer technologies allow developers to create geothermal power using water temperatures once considered not hot enough to economically produce electricity. These binary cycle technologies have opened the door to vast amounts of untapped, low-temperature resources in the western US that are waiting to be developed. With more than 275,000 acres, Raser Technologies has secured one of the largest low-temperature geothermal portfolios in the US with the intent of developing binary cycle geothermal power plants. Raser also employs a rapid deployment strategy. Instead of a three- to five-year development time, Raser’s plants take approximately two years to develop. Raser’s first geothermal power plant, located in southern Utah, took only six months to construct using modular generators. Raser Technologies www.rasertech.com

Geothermal vacuum equipment

Advanced remote sensing solutions

Gardner Denver Nash provides vacuum equipment for exhausting non-condensable gas (NCG) from the turbine condensers of geothermal flash type power plants. The vacuum equipment can consist of ejectors, liquid ring vacuum pumps, or hybrid systems containing both technologies. As part of Gardner Denver Nash’s continuous improvement process, the company has introduced the 905 series of stainless steel vacuum pumps, with improved performance over their time-tested 904 series. The NASH 905 series vacuum pumps and compressors still provide the same long life and reliable operation customer’s have come to expect, but also provide the following benefits: the latest vari-port and gas scavenging technology found in the current generation of Nash vacuum pumps; a wider operating range, with the use of a single cone design instead of three discrete cone designs for specific operating ranges of comparable 904 models; lower seal water consumption (with reductions up to 50% over the 904 model); and, standard 316L Stainless Steel construction only.

SpecTIR specializes in advanced remote sensing solutions for a myriad of applications to include geothermal, mineral and oil/gas exploration. Utilizing their ProspecTIR sensor suite, in conjunction with years of experience in advanced airborne remote sensing technologies, SpecTIR’s data solutions can identify discrete epithermal mineralization, vector drilling programs, provide environmental baselining, and reduce the overall risk in the primary stages of geothermal exploration. SpecTIR’s data solutions work with client’s existing geophysical data and GIS/LiDAR related databases. The foundation of the SpecTIR’s data pedigree is optimized for data volume and data quality; therefore, allowing exploration teams to focus on the exploration project saving time and money. Through these advanced data fusion tools, SpecTIR’s aim is to increase customer probability of discovery while reducing unknown risk.

Field testing & instrument manufacturing Thermochem, Inc. is an integrated consultancy, laboratory, field testing, and instrument manufacturing firm, which has been servicing the geothermal industry from the ground up for over 25 years. They provide green field exploration services, well testing, laboratory analysis, computer modeling, and specialized instrumentation for geothermal energy projects worldwide. Their experienced team is actively involved in geothermal projects in over 20 countries, operating out of offices and laboratories in the US and Indonesia. Thermochem’s mission is to protect the resources and assets of clients by maximizing reservoir potential, optimizing power cycle design, and preventing corrosion and scale damage to valuable equipment. Their expertise enables them to provide early warning for potential problems and solutions to wide-ranging, complex geothermal energy challenges.

SpecTIR | www.spectir.com

Thermochem, Inc. | www.thermochem.com

Turboexpanders & generator designs

Geothermal drill equipment

L.A. Turbine manufactures applicationspecific, highly engineered Turboexpanders that are utilized within geothermal plants worldwide. Products include expander/integral gear/generator and expander/ high-speed generators. The engineering team at L.A. Turbine has been involved in the design and redesign of some of the largest geothermal turboexpander/generator machines in existence. Whether new equipment, repair, or spare parts are required, they can help—and field service by some of the most experienced technicians in the industry is available 24/7.

GEFCO (George E. Failing Co.) has been manufacturing high-quality drill equipment for over 75 years. With the broadest drill equipment line in the industry, they continue to develop and support all new technologies that introduce clean energy. GEFCO’s newest models, such as the 185 K and SS-1100 top head drills, are suited for both clean natural gas drilling and large geothermal projects; whereas, some of the smaller units available, such as the Quikdrill and SD-300, are well-suited for the heat-loop market.

Gardner Denver Nash www.gdnash.com www.gdnash.com/2BE4-905.aspx

Geophysical services Quantec Geoscience is a geophysical services company performing geothermal exploration with numerous successes in defining and delineating these key resources. Quantec’s key geothermal technologies are the Titan 24 Deep Earth Imaging and the Spartan Magnetotelluric (MT) systems. Titan 24 is focused on shallower resources to 1500m; whereas, Spartan MT can record data to depths of five kilometers or more. Geothermal projects completed include a number of surveys in Australia and the US—two key jurisdictions for geothermal exploration. Quantec provides premium quality data acquisition and interpretation services for its exploration projects, executing its surveys with safety in mind.

Balance of Plant solutions Siemens has the answers to making geothermal energy that is affordable. With the technology to provide complete electrical and process control systems for power plants, Siemens offers the most comprehensive Balance of Plant solutions. Focused on creating energy efficient equipment and systems that lower the cost of production, Siemens is ready to help customers keep their commitment to generate and sell clean energy at a price that people can afford. Siemens Industry, Inc. www.usa.siemens.com/geothermal

Quantec Geoscience www.quantecgeoscience.com

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L.A. Turbine | www.laturbine.com

GEFCO | www.gefco.com

High-power from low temperature wells Atlas Copco Gas and Process complete geothermal solutions offer unique highpower output from low-temperature geothermal wells. Utilizing the binary cycle and Atlas Copco custom engineered expander generators, up to 25 MW per unit power production can be achieved. The energy recovery systems can be the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). All technologies produce significant power from high-, medium-, to low-temperature wells resources. In some regions, a low-temperature geothermal resource (as low as 100° C to 130° C) can be found at a depth of between 4,000 and 5,000 meters. The high-power radial inflow turbines are capable of producing up to 25 MW per stage/unit. A true base-load renewable energy source, geothermal power represents a significant resource for clean energy. Currently, the worldwide installed capacity is approximately 9 GW with estimated growth of 4% per year. Atlas Copco Mafi-Trench Company LLC (formerly Mafi-Trench Corporation) www.atlascopco-gap.com

Geothermal education

Integrated geothermal solutions

Whether it’s potential investors or any non-technical staff (especially new staff) that could use a breakdown on the basics of geothermal energy, the Geothermal Education Office provides educational materials for everyone. They also offer their latest publication, the third edition of “Energy for Keeps: Creating Clean Electricity from Renewable Energy.” It’s an awardwinning book about electricity from renewable energy, and it does a great job of explaining geothermal energy.

Alstom provides components and full Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) geothermal solutions that range from the provision of a plant’s turbine island to the construction and servicing of a full geothermal plant. The group’s modular product and service geothermal offering incorporates Alstom’s latest technological advances in key power generation components such as steam turbines, turbogenerators, turbine control and Digital Control System (DCS), substation, hotwell pumps, civil works, project management, engineering, and site supervision. Alstom’s direct drive geothermal steam turbines feature improved blading and architecture that can cope with the highest steam parameters today’s machines can accommodate. The 20 MW to 30 MW single flow turbine and plant product range, with top exhaust configuration, have been successfully installed and are operating in a number of locations in Mexico and in Indonesia. Alstom’s new 30 MW to 60 MW double-flow turbine and plant product range features a double-flow architecture that relies on proven last stage blade technology, and comes with a lateral exhaust option for improved performance and construction aspects.

Geothermal Education Office www.geothermal.marin.org

Alstom | www.power.alstom.com

Canadian Solar Industries Association

Airborne geophysical surveys Geotech is an innovator in the design and application of detailed airborne geophysical surveys. For nearly 30 years, Geotech has specialized in advanced digital helicopter-borne electromagnetic (EM) systems as exemplified by its flagship system, VTEM (Versatile Time¬ Domain ElectroMagnetics). Together with the addition of ZTEM (Z-Tipper ElectroMagnetics), AirMt, VTEM35, Airborne Gravity and, soon to come, Fixed-Wing AirMt, Geotech offers some of the most advanced airborne geophysical exploration platforms available in the market today. Geotech Ltd. | www.geotech.ca

Liquid handling solutions Rain for Rent combines rental pumps, pipes, tanks, filtration, and containment systems into creative solutions for temporary liquid handling problems. They provide customers with services above and beyond simply dropping off equipment at a job site. Offering one-stop shopping for entire liquid handling problems, from engineering to on-site personnel, Rain for Rent is available all day, every day. Rain for Rent www.rainforrent.com

Water & process chemical treatment services Nalco offers water and process chemical treatment services, creating value for customers through innovative, differentiated solutions that are financially, technically, and environmentally sustainable. For the geothermal industry, Nalco provides solutions for well-field, process, and cooling system problems associated with deposits, corrosion, and emission problems.

SOLAR CANADA 2010 CanSIA’s Annual Conference & Exposition

Toronto, Ontario—December 6–7, 2010 MINGLE WITH INFLUENTIAL INDUSTRY LEADERS! n HEAR FROM PIVOTAL ELECTED AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS! n CATCH UP ON NEW AND UNFOLDING DEVELOPMENTS! n SEE WHAT’S NEW AND EXCITING IN YOUR INDUSTRY! n UPGRADE YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS AT ONE OF MANY SOLAR WORKSHOPS DESIGNED WITH YOU IN MIND! n MEET AND NETWORK WITH YOUR SOLAR COLLEAGUES FROM CANADA AND ABROAD:

t Decision Makers and Trend setters t Solar Pioneers and Cutting Edge Upstarts t Solar Product and Service Providers t Customers t Future Employers and Employees

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Geothermal testing Combining traditional oilfield resources with geothermal properties, RMOTC can help test and demonstrate advancements in low temperature and enhanced geothermal systems in a real-world environment. A US Department of Energy facility, RMOTC can support both traditional and renewable energy technology testing and demonstration. It has the infrastructure, personnel, and project coordination experience to work collaboratively with industry, government, and academia toward a balanced, secure energy future. RMOTC | www.rmotc.doe.gov

Cultural resource consulting WCRM, Inc. is a full-service cultural resource consulting firm. Since 1978, they have worked with businesses, agencies, and individuals on over 2,000 power, alternative power, oil and gas, mining, telecommunications, transportation, and water projects in 14 Western states. With multiple offices throughout the US, WCRM provides clients with cost-effective planning and cultural resource management services including archaeology, history, NEPA/106 processes, and Native American issues. WCRM, Inc. www.wcrminc.com

Geothermal valves & wellheads TIX-IKS Corporation is an experienced manufacturer of geothermal valves and wellheads. Incorporated in 1919, TIX-IKS has been continuously producing geothermal equipment since 1962.

Power, turbines & direct-use applications

Polymer products for support & protection

Geothermal Development Associates (GDA) is a privately held company with over 30 years of worldwide experience in geothermal power and direct-use applications. Their staff of engineers, geologists, and geoscientists has the capability to oversee projects during every stage, from resource exploration and well-testing to the design, supply, and commissioning of a new power plant or rehabilitation of an old one. Since the beginning in 1910, Elliott has been building efficient and reliable turbomachinery including steam turbines, process expanders, and compressors. GDA has teamed with Elliott to offer packaged equipment that takes full advantage of Elliott’s high-quality turbomachinery. This strategic alliance has enabled specific modifications to Elliott’s MYR turbine, making it ideally suited for use in geothermal applications.

Machine Support Technologies specializes in very high-quality epoxy polymer products used for the grouting of all types of rotating equipment. For more than 30 years, they’ve provided quality machine installation designs utilizing the complete line of polymer grouting products such as Chockfast, Escoweld, CWC, and Conspec. These products are specifically formulated to provide the ultimate in precision equipment alignment to help increase the MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) of operational equipment. Their main focus is to increase the machine owners profitability, and they do this by providing skilled technicians familiar with the installation and operation of machinery in all types of applications including geothermal power generation, hydro-electric, industrial, petro-chemical refining, marine, wind, mining, natural gas transmission, and aerospace, just to name a few.

Geothermal Development Associates (GDA) www.gdareno.com

Rig, lifting & handling equipment

Engineering for geothermal power plants For over 20 years, POWER Engineers has provided engineering services for geothermal power plant projects all over the world. The collective experience of POWER’s team totals more than 250 years and includes veteran project managers and engineers, as well as project-tested specialists in the civil, structural, electrical, mechanical, chemical, and instrumentation and controls disciplines. POWER Engineers, Inc. www.powereng.com

TIX-IKS Corporation www.tix.co.jp

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Machine Support Technologies www.wedogrout.com

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National Oilwell Varco is a single source for rig equipment, tubular inspection, internal tubular coatings, integrated systems, downhole tools, lifting and handling equipment, and supply chain integration services. By constantly developing and acquiring new technologies and services to better serve future customer requirements, National Oilwell Varco will continue to be a source for diversified products and services worldwide. National Oilwell Varco www.nov.com

Environmental consulting JBR Environmental Consultants, Inc. is a full-service environmental consulting firm with broad experience providing a wide range of services for all phases of geothermal projects. JBR’s strength is in its professionals who draw from their depth of experience and knowledge to provide the highest quality scientific studies, strategic planning, environmental analysis, and compliance with regulatory requirements. At JBR, their philosophy is to work closely with clients and provide long-term, effective solutions to the environmental challenges facing their projects. JBR Environmental Consultants, Inc. www.jbrenv.com

Steam control solution provider CSE Engineering, Inc. specializes in providing upgrades and turn-key engineered projects for the modernization of gas and steam turbine controls. In addition, they provide auxiliary systems including hydraulics, fuel systems and valves, protection equipment, and instrumentation. They are a Woodward Governor Company Recognized Turbine Retrofitter (RTR). A turbomachinery controls upgrade by CSE Engineering provides significant economic benefits to customers by restoring full power output from the turbine, improving overall process operations and ensuring lowest lifetime cost of ownership. All projects are custom engineered to make the retrofit of the existing equipment painless. Many projects are completed on a turn-key basis. A dedicated field service staff and CSE Engineering’s remote diagnostic capabilities provides full support for customers. CSE Engineering, Inc. www.cse-eng-inc.com

Solutions for industrial cooling Marketing globally under the Industrial Cooling Solutions and ICS brand names, ICS is a worldwide manufacturer of industrial cooling equipment. ICS is a multinational corporation and one of the world’s largest engineering, procurement, construction, and aftermarket support firms involved in a wide range of high-technology cooling products. With facilities located worldwide, ICS offers some of the most comprehensive industrial cooling capabilities, and place great emphasis on engineering research and development, procurement, and construction management to meet the increasing demand for industrial cooling.

Rotating machinery maintenance Wood Group Field Services focuses on assisting customers with their machinery maintenance by setting the industry standard in rotating machinery installation, maintenance, and overhaul—exceeding customers’ needs and providing an atmosphere for continuous improvement, cooperation, and mutual respect. Wood Group Field Services | www.woodgroup.com

Industrial Cooling Solutions, Inc www.h2ocooling.com

Geothermal education & resources The Institute of Earth Science and Engineering (IESE) is a research institute of The University of Auckland, New Zealand. The University of Auckland has specialized in geothermal resources for over 30 years. Its Geothermal Program ranges from research and services to professional degree qualifications and short courses—delivered in many of the world’s geothermal hot spots from New Zealand and Australia to Indonesia, Philippines, Kenya, United States, Chile, and Iceland. IESE provides a range of services, applying cutting-edge research to create commercial solutions. Joint geophysical imaging (JGI) technology developed by the Institute, along with its borehole seismology for energy reservoirs and micro earthquake studies, assists companies to find high-quality geothermal drilling targets, optimize the management of geothermal reservoirs, and track fracturing in the development of enhanced geothermal systems. Expertise at IESE includes geophysics, geology and geochemistry, reservoir engineering, subsurface mapping, and imaging. Its core services include geothermal exploration and geological mapping, seismic monitoring, custom borehole instrumentation, and reservoir modeling.

December 14 – 16, 2010 Orange County Convention Center West Halls | Orlando, FL www.power-gen.com

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Cooling solutions for geothermal power generation

Highest levels of geothermal production

High-temperature wellbore measurements suite

For most geothermal applications, maximizing power generation at a minimal cost is the primary concern. Drawing on years of experience in geothermal technology, SPX Heat Transfer Inc. with licensed technology from SPX Cooling Technologies, Inc. has brought Ecolaire condensers and Marley cooling towers into an optimized system. Ecolaire Advanced Direct Contact Condensers (ADCC) feature proven technology that improves thermal performance and helps to lower costs over other direct condensers, while maximizing power output. For some geothermal applications, optimizing the cooling system may require surface condensers. Either because of the need to limit exposure of H2S, or the desire for district heating or other waste heat processes, cooling systems with surface condensers separate the cooling loop from the geothermal steam. Whether the goal is maximize production, minimize lifetime costs, or minimize upfront costs, they can provide the right solution for the customer’s need.

The City of Reno, Nevada is home to the newly formed National Geothermal Training Institute, a partnership between several top research institutions from around the country. The Institute’s location here makes sense as the Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy, Desert Research Institute, and the corporate and/or US headquarters of several of the industry’s major companies are based in the region. Reno’s location at the border of two states with the nation’s highest levels of geothermal production is conveniently situated near the center of the continent’s geothermal hotspot. That’s one reason it is the only sizeable city in the US that produces enough geothermal energy to meet its entire residential load.

Tiger Energy Services continues to support its global energy partners through HALO (Hostile Acquisition Logging Options), one of the most advanced high-temperature wellbore measurements suite ever developed and specifically designed for geothermal. Deep in the earth, the geological environment is inherently complex and hostile. High pressure and temperature are the objectives, yet also the obstacles that must be overcome to create a greater understanding of the asset. HALO provides geothermal developers access to unrivaled technologies to optimize their investment and generate more power. HALO, the suite of high-temperature geothermal wire line technologies from Tiger Energy Services employs the latest technology for open-hole acoustic imaging (AFIT), casing inspecting (XCIT), radial cement bond logging (RBHT), pressure/ temperature surveying (XPAS), and long-term monitoring (DTS+).

City of Reno | www.reno.gov

Welding & machining contractor Westinghouse subsidiary WEC Carolina Energy Solutions is a welding contractor for both manual and orbital welding. With a full inventory of orbital GTAW, FCAW, and GMAW equipment, they can handle any custom, orbital welding job. They have in-house procedures that cover the majority of welding processes normally seen in the installation of new components or the repair of existing systems. In addition, they offer a full complement of manual welding processes. WEC’s welders routinely weld carbon and stainless steels, along with exotic materials including P91, P92, and specialty alloys such as 2507 Super Duplex. Count on WEC Carolina Energy Solutions, a mechanical service company specializing in the erection, fitting, machining, welding, and PWHT of piping systems. WEC Carolina Energy Solutions www.carolinaenergysolutions.com

Tiger Energy Services www.tigerenergyservices.com

SPX Cooling Technologies, Inc. www.spxcooling.com | www.spx.com

EPC services Industrial tools & equipment

Downhole geothermal pumps ITT Goulds pumps and the Frost Consulting Group have partnered to provide over 30 years of experience in downhole geothermal pumps. Frost Consulting Group is a pioneer in the industry and is the exclusive representative and designer of the ITT Goulds Pumps geothermal product line. The downhole geothermal pumps have a wide range of flow rates, deep settings, high temperatures, high horsepower, and long life. The ITT Goulds pumps Geothermal Center has new equipment, inventory, 24/7 repair, and replacement service. Frost Consulting Group also provides service, training, and site consulting. ITT Goulds | www.gouldspumps.com

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Energy generation is one of the most demanding industries on earth. From breaking ground through operations and maintenance, Snap-on tools are engineered to provide the highest levels of performance, comfort, and safety possible. Offering an unparalleled range of products, Snap-on has been solving problems since 1920. They can provide the basics such as hand tools, power tools, torque tools, tool storage cabinets, and hydraulic equipment. They can also surround them with an unrivaled array of productivity tools such as the unique Level 5 integrated tool control programs, stationary and mobile tool cribs and containers, custom and specialty tools, and even credit and financing programs to help choose the best way to maximize financial opportunities. In addition to the Blue Point Brand, Snap-on also owns Bahco and JH Williams Hand Tools, Sioux Air Tools, and CDI Torque Products. Snap-on Industrial www1.snapon.com/industrial

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Kiewit Power offers clients a “one-stop shop” for all integrated engineering, procurement, construction, and start-up service needs. TIC – The Industrial Company is a heavy industrial contractor providing construction expertise in the areas of power, mining/minerals processing, renewable energy, water and wastewater, marine, and more. Kiewit Power | www.kiewit.com

Propellant technology Precise Propellant Stimulation, LLC has announced a new propellant technology. This new propellant technology addresses the issues raised about random ignition, a predictable event, and compatibility with well bore fluids. This new technology is unique in that the surface area ignited on the propellant can be varied to allow for the correct amount of gas to be released as needed per the formation characteristics. The developer and patent owner of the propellant technology worked on propellant treatments from the Gulf of Mexico to the North Slope of Alaska designing treatments. The knowledge gained over this time exposed several faults in the propellants used today, fluids dissolving the propellant, fluids causing the flame spread to be unpredictable, and random ignition without repeatability and predictability. The propellant and the configuration addresses and eliminates these issues. Precise Propellant Stimulation, LLC

Geothermal steam turbine maintenance & repairs Cooling tower solutions EvapTech, Inc. is a cooling tower designer, manufacturer, and contractor providing innovative cooling solutions for the satisfaction of customers needs in the power generation, industrial, refrigeration, and HVAC evaporative cooling markets. EvapTech offers new and replacement field erected cooling towers, parts for most tower models, and a variety of field erected cooling tower after-market services. EvapTech products are the result of extensive research and thermal testing. As a result, EvapTech products deliver guaranteed performance to maximize system performance. EvapTech, Inc. | www.evaptech.com

Acquisition & management of geothermal data The National Geothermal Data System (NGDS) is a DOEfunded distributed network of databases and data sites that collectively form a system for the acquisition, management, and maintenance of geothermal and related data. Much of the risk of geothermal energy development is associated with exploring for, confirming, and characterizing the available geothermal resources. The overriding purpose of the NGDS is to help mitigate this up-front risk by serving as a central repository for geothermal and relevant related data, as well as a link to distributed data sources. By helping with the process of assessing and categorizing the nation's geothermal resources, providing strategies and tools for financial risk assessment, and by consolidating all geothermal data through a publicly accessible data system the NGDS will support research, stimulate public interest, promote market acceptance and investment, and in turn support the growth of the geothermal industry. National Geothermal Data System (NGDS) www.geothermaldata.org

Materials & fabricated process equipment Tricor Metals offers titanium and corrosion-resistant materials, and is an experienced fabricator with the world’s largest, in-house inventory of titanium and premium corrosionresistant alloys. They provide quickship stocks of materials and fabricated process equipment built with the most advanced corrosion-resistant metals including titanium, nickel alloys, duplex stainless steels, zirconium, and tantalum. Trico Metals designs, builds, and repairs all types of equipment in their ASME code shops in Ohio and Texas, including: vessels, pipe spools, heat exchangers (shell & tube and plate & frame), custom weldments, and machined components. Trico Metals’ repair crews work at their facility, or at a customer’s plant to repair or weld specialty metals fabrications.

From providing precision parts, component repairs, outage services, and detailed customized inspections, Mitsubishi has the experience and knowledge to support geothermal steam turbine maintenance needs. Since 1951, Mitsubishi has installed 100 geothermal turbines worldwide, with a total output of 3,006 MW. As the world’s number one supplier of geothermal steam turbines, Mitsubishi understands the unique challenges of the industry. Through Mitsubishi’s 59+ years of experience in manufacturing and servicing geothermal steam turbines, Mitsubishi has an extensive line-up of available rotor upgrades, rotor, and diaphragm refurbishment options, blade and diaphragm parts, and turbine overhaul capability. Mitsubishi | www.mpshq.com

Tricor Metals www.tricormetals.com

Advanced turboexpanders For several decades Atlas Copco has helped customers around the world to unlock the vast potential of sustainable energy sources. Their experts have contributed to groundbreaking projects in the energy recovery field, collecting invaluable experience in the process. Working closely with customers, their engineers are developing highly advanced, efficient turboexpanders for a growing number of reference projects. Atlas Copco expander generators are typically used in binary cycle geothermal power plants. The large radial inflow turbines are capable of producing from 1 MW to 25 MW per unit utilizing either the Organic Rankine or Kalina Cycles. In addition to manufacturing expander generators used to produce electricity from low-temperature geothermal wells, Atlas Copco is an industrial group with positions in compressors, construction and mining equipment, power tools and assembly systems. The Group delivers sustainable solutions for increased customer productivity through innovative products and services. Atlas Copco www.atlascopco-gap.com/geothermal.

Liquid ring vacuum pumps

Dataloggers for geothermal

Vooner offers conical port 316 and 316L stainless steel vacuum pumps for removing non-condensable gases from geothermal condensers. The VG and V4 Series’ of single stage liquid ring vacuum pumps with capacities to 14,000 ACFM are available in stainless steel construction for geothermal condenser service. Vooner pumps are bolt-in replacements for CL and 904 models. Every pump is performance tested to Heat Exchange Institute (HEI) standards. Their rigorous performance tests guarantee that each Vooner pump matches the capacity and power consumption shown on their curves. Vooner has a portfolio of successful geothermal installations, and their pumps are highly suitable for rigorous geothermal environments through extensive performance and vibration testing that each unit must pass prior to shipment.

MadgeTech, Inc. designs and manufactures dataloggers for the geothermal and alternative energy industries. These rugged devices are built to withstand harsh environments, including the moist conditions of collecting water and steam pressure data. MadgeTech offers dataloggers to measure and record temperature, humidity, pressure, voltage, and more. The product lines include stand alone, LCD display, and wireless devices, providing a solution to most datalogging applications. MadgeTech’s standard software is a free download. The software features digital calibration, graphical, tabular, and data views, as well as an export to Microsoft ExcelR Function. MadgeTech, Inc. www.madgetech.com www.madgetechalternativeenergy.com

Geothermal turbines TurboCare’s Magma 5000 geothermal steam turbine-generator has been developed to resist failure modes observed and corrected during three decades of repairs, upgrades, and rerates performed on other OEM designs. The rigors of the geothermal environment require resource-specific flexible turbine designs and appropriate material selection to optimize operating reliability and durability. The Magma 5000 can handle a wide range of inlet pressures and generate from 30 MW to 85 MW in single or dual-flash configurations, 50 hertz or 60 hertz, with either up or down exhaust. TurboCare is available for both new unit and service consultation. TurboCare | www.turbocare.com

Vooner | www.vooner.com

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biopower

Biomass Heat is Not Coal By Andrew Haden

re-li-able

The biomass boiler at the John Day Airbase was sold and installed by A3 Energy Partners. It will be fed with wood pellets from the Malheur Pellet Mill, an ARRA-funded project of the USFS, located only five miles from the Airbase.

1: suitable or fit to be relied on 2: giving the same result on successful trials

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Focus on your research – not on finding funds to replace your chamber. Percival Scientific plant growth chambers are your reliable choice for chambers that will support your research projects for years to come! Let us customize a chamber to meet your exacting research needs! Contact us 1-800695-2743 or sales@ percival-scientific.com

ecent rules proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency to reduce emissions from boilers could have the unfortunate effect of killing the sustainable and rapidly growing industry of biomass heat. Don’t get this wrong: it’s important to support reducing greenhouse gas emissions, particulates and mercury pollution from burning fossil fuels. But, by lumping biomass heating boilers—which do not emit mercury—together with large, coal-burning plants, the EPA has failed to distinguish the vast difference between electricity generation from coal and heat generation from waste wood via biomass boilers. Widely used and promoted in Europe as a way to reduce reliance on coal and oil, biomass heating systems for commercial and institutional buildings are spawning a brand new and fast-growing industry in the US, one that we can ill afford to see regulated out of existence, especially in the Pacific Northwest. Biomass fueled heating systems located in buildings and homes are carbon-neutral when waste wood is used. They are also clean—a boiler large enough to provide all the heat and hot water for a 25,000-square-foot building puts out fewer harmful emissions than the average EPA-certified wood stove used to heat a small home. What’s more, biomass heat boilers are 85% efficient as opposed to biomass electricity generation, which is only 25% to 30% efficient at best. Stand-alone biomass electricity generation facilities are also frequently so large that they require the sourcing of fuel from hundreds of miles away. Biomass boilers, on the other hand, can easily be installed into schools, airports, hospitals, and other buildings, and in areas like the Pacific Northwest, they can be located close to the source of waste wood, reducing the need to transport fuel. In today’s economic climate, one of the biggest benefits of biomass heat is its job-creation potential. From building a pellet mill that produces fuel for biomass boilers at a lumber company to installing a biomass boiler to heat a regional airport, these projects are real and have created dozens of construction jobs in one Oregon county alone. Long-term, biomass heat is estimated to be able to produce upwards of 4,500 new fulltime jobs in Oregon, and a similar

The John Day Airbase is a new facility jointly operated by Grant County, Oregon and the US Forest Service-Malheur National Forest for General Aviation and Helibase operations.

amount in neighboring states, if the industry is allowed to survive and thrive. The proposed EPA rules could end all this progress. They are aimed at particulates and carbon monoxide in all boilers, and require stringent testing and advanced emissions control technology. All this makes sense for big coal plants, but not for small boilers heating schools, homes, and hospitals. Worse yet, many of these projects have received federal stimulus dollars designed to spur clean energy development and create jobs. Regulating the industry out of existence now would be a sad waste of taxpayer dollars. It is time the EPA took a more nuanced view of biomass energy and recognized that commercial biomass boilers are not coal plants. They are the most efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable heating source available. To kill the biomass heat industry now would be to turn our backs on thousands of jobs and to cut off money that can be pumped into local economies—money that would otherwise exit those economies to pay for foreign oil, natural gas, and coal. Let’s reduce emissions, but let’s reduce the right ones, and not throttle the efficient, sustainable biomass heat industry before we’ve had a chance to show the good it can do. Andrew Haden is vice president of A3 Energy Partners. He focuses on developing infrastructure in rural communities that increases economic self-reliance using local natural resources. A3 Energy Partners | www.a3energypartners.com

Arch Breaker Hopper with screw feeder Sodimate’s unique Arch Breaker features a vertical spindle fitted with flexible blades to ensure a thorough discharge of dry solid materials and bio-solids from silos, bins, or hoppers via precise mechanical agitation. This prevents the material from jamming, bridging, compacting, or rat-holing caused by vibration or fluidization. The mechanical Arch Breaker not only discharges bulk products gently and efficiently, but integrates 1, 2, 3, and/or 4 volumetric screw feeders. Each screw feeder is completely independent and can feed up to 15,000lb/hr with different length and throughput variations. Lime, powder activated carbon, soda ash, grass, and woodchips are among the products handled by Sodimate’s silo discharger.

Percival Scientific, Inc. 505 Research Drive | Perry, Iowa 50220 800.695.2743 or 515.465.9363

percival-scientific.com

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Wastewater byproduct monitoring Ethanol and biodiesel producers have been attracting the attention of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as well as other government regulatory agencies, and coming under closer scrutiny to ensure their wastewater discharges comply with the Clean Water Act (CWA). Ethanol and biodiesel plants have been fined for wastewater discharges exceeding established permit levels for oil/grease levels and polluting nearby streams and waterways. Complying with operating permits means monitoring waste byproducts more closely prior to discharging, and measuring oil/grease concentration levels to ensure compliance. The portable, easy to use InfraCal TOG/TPH Analyzers are based on fieldproven technology for oil/grease measurements. They enable on-site measurements in 10 to 15 minutes, eliminating the need to wait for off-site lab results. Measurement data obtained with the InfraCal Model HATR-T2 will correlate to EPA Method 1664, as well as with the InfraCal Model CVH to ASTM Method D 7066-04 and EPA Methods 413.2 and 418.1. With either InfraCal TOG/TPH Analyzer, biofuels plant operators can quickly and easily measure the oil/grease concentration level of waste byproducts, ensuring they are not discharging effluent that is above the regulatory limit. Wilks Enterprise, Inc. | www.wilksir.com

Portable Fuel Feed System (PFFS) for burn testing of alternative fuels The Portable Feed System (PFFS) offered by Jeffrey Rader Corporation is specifically designed for on-site alternative fuel testing. The portability of these units offers the convenience of a testing system capable of being relocated as needed for testing at different locations and under different conditions. Used for testing boilers, kilns or other processes, this system allows the owner/operator the greatest flexibility for verifying boiler performance with different materials. The portable design is able to be transported on a standard flat bed truck for ease of mobility to other test locations. Testing materials prior investing in a large material handling system for a boiler or kiln is an effective and economical way to ensure process performance and emission levels based on actual site conditions, fuel types, and feed rates, something that varies widely with each location and fuel used. The system is skid-mounted with a hopper system for storing and metering the material into the system. A twin screw can feed the material directly into a pneumatic system. When greater accuracy is required, the twin screw feeds to a weigh-belt feeder. This material is then metered into a special Jeffrey Rader rotary valve that feeds the pneumatic system, where it is pneumatically blown directly into a boiler/kiln through a port on the burner or into a pulverized fuel line prior to the burner. When direct pneumatic injection is not an option and a mechanical feed is used, the material is discharged through a cyclone before entering the mechanical feed system. Jeffrey Rader Corporation | www.jeffreyrader.com

Briquettes & fuel pucks

SERIES 250 SERIES S 250 SERIES S 250

Briquettes and fuel pucks are the intelligent alternative to pellets: less capital intensive, lower operational costs, higher densification of the biomass. Di Pi첫 Srl offers 30 years of experience in the design and manufacture of heavy duty mechanical briquetting presses. Highly dependable, these presses reach pressures up to 36,000 psi. Briquettes and fuel pucks can be made from wood and wood waste, paper, cardboard, agricultural and energy fibers, nuts and grain shells, MSW, RDF, water treatment plants solids, coffee grinds, and many more. Briquetting, or compressing into pucks, make these materials ready for the energy markets. Sunomi LLC | www.sunomi-llc.com

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biopower

Maintaining a Competitive Edge in the Biomass Industry Flexible material handling solutions By Laura Crocker

Loader feeds fuel stock to pit-mounted moving floor system.

Reciprocating floor slats move through a four-phase cycle to move materials.

floor, biomass facilities can feed a wide variety of materials. This can be especially valuable for plants that depend on using differing feedstock, based on supply availability. Moving floors can be adapted for use nearly anywhere in the material handling environment. Trailers with moving floor unloaders transport chips, pellets, and unprocessed fuel stock. Automating the materials handling process at these and other locations can increase productivity and improve throughput, maximizing available resources. Semi-trailers outfitted with moving floors maximize volume and weight capacity, work under low headroom conditions, discharge partial loads, and are not prone to tipping over on unstable ground or in windy conditions. Trailers can haul and discharge bulk loads one way and palletized or skid mounted materials loaded by lift trucks on the return trip. Systems installed in trailers provide flexibility to unload at a variety of sites during backhauling. Unlike dump trucks, which are limited by vertical height restrictions, moving floors can be used to unload material near or inside buildings, as well as in residential areas where trees and overhead power lines pose hazards. Moving floor receiving, storage, and metering bins reliably handle biomass, pellets, refuse-derived-fuels and other alternative fuels where other conveyors struggle. Systems handle these difficult bulk materials at competitive costs and require minimal power and maintenance compared to conventional belt, chain, and screw systems. Because systems are custom engineered, they are appropriate for use in both large- and small-scale facilities. Many small operations choose to put their trailer to dual duty. In addition to hauling feedstock to the plant location, the trailer is used as fuel storage and metering device to the boiler system. The trailer remains in this capacity until the fuel is depleted and a new load is required. In larger facilities, trailers or front end loaders unload into pit-mounted bins for receiving or loader charging where materials are uniformly metered at the rate required by processing equipment.

ompetition in the fast-paced renewable energy industry is heating up as both the public and private sectors are looking for more economical and greener ways to generate electricity. Biomass operations are becoming an important player in alternative fuels by diverting materials that may otherwise be disposed of in landfills or burned as slash and turning waste into wattage. Materials from forest thinning, urban wood waste, agricultural by-products, and even household garbage are now being fed to boiler systems for energy production. An efficient biomass plant needs effective fuel storage and metering processes. Moving floor systems are one solution as they can be integrated into transport, receiving, storage, and metering, facilitating the delivery of material directly into the plant distribution system. A moving floor system is a powerful conveyor designed for low power requirements. Hydraulically powered floor slats carry the bulk load from trailer to storage bin and/or between storage locations. Systems also uniformly meter materials at the rate required by processing equipment. Moving floor technology has emerged as a versatile solution to fuel handling. The foundation of the conveying system is a series of hydraulically actuated floor slats and a drive unit. The drive unit powers the slats through a four-phase cycle to convey the material. Metering bins containing a moving floor system automate the feeding process, delivering material in a consistent manner and storing it until needed. This results in decreased jams, virtually no bridging problems and reduced maintenance costs. Power requirements for moving floor systems are low and there is no additional energy needed for load start. Boiler pressure controls the conveying system, which meters the fuel mixture and feeds the boiler. Durable moving floors help keep fuel flow moving because material can be unloaded directly onto the system, even while it is in operation. Storage capacity is customized to each facility and can be engineered to hold long-term fuel supplies, eliminating the need for the constant monitoring of fuel resources. Systems are also uniquely suited to handle the most difficult alternative fuels, providing the ability to move solid materials of almost any size. With versatile equipment like a moving

Semi-trailer outfitted with moving floor unloads biomass.

KEITH Mfg. Co. | www.keithwalkingfloor.com

Electric tub grinder The 2009 Electric Tub Grinder is a stationary machine with electric motor drives that produce ground product at the same rate as its diesel counterparts. DuraTechâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 2009 Electric Tub Grinder has a 400 hp soft start main drive motor and a 75 hp motor to power the hydraulic system. Both motors are available in various voltages to fit power grid specifications. The electric motors provide steady power with no emissions, low noise levels, and little required maintenance. The 2009 Electric also has a heavy duty hammermill for larger jobs and tilting tub with easy access for service and maintenance. A PT Tech Torque limiter protects the motor and hammermill from overloads, jams, and costly repairs. The units have a governor controlled tub speed and a hydraulic folding stacking conveyor. The stationary machines are available as either a skid unit or movable pintle hitch. DuraTech Industries | www.duratechindustries.net

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Biomass ﬁber & biofuel feedstock processing systems West Salem Machinery (WSM) manufactures biomass fiber and biofuel feedstock preparation machinery and systems. WSM’s complete line of grinding, screening, milling, and conveying equipment is the core of each fully engineered package and provides the best value for converting a wide range of feedstock materials into premium quality fiber/fuel products. Raw biomass feedstock is processed with WSM’s rugged horizontal grinders and screens. WSM’s Titan Horizontal Grinders process high volumes of diverse types of feedstock including stumps, land clearing, and urban wood waste into a high-quality biomass fuel. Secondary processing is accomplished with WSM’s screens, vertical grinders, and hammermills, producing feedstocks with consistently sized particles. WSM’s mill duty machines process a diverse range of feedstock material and are utilized in a variety of applications such as bioenergy projects, composting, cellulosic ethanol, and densified fuels (wood pellets). West Salem Machinery | www.westsalem.com

Solutions Sustainable Design-Build

Burner solid fuel combustion system Webb Burners are idea for generating large quantities of heat for industrial processes at substantially less cost per BTU than traditional oil- or gas-fired systems. Jackson manufactures a complete line of Webb Burners available in sizes up through 60 million BTUs per hour. There is no smoke (except when the fire is first lit), and there are no carbon monoxide, VOC, SO-x, or NO-x emissions. Complete combustion occurs in semi-suspension within seconds, resulting in emissions rivaling those of natural gas burners. The extremely rapid combustion process allows quick response to changing process demands. The Webb Burner by Jackson is lined with an excellent combination of refractories to assure best heat retention and long burner life. The stack and hot gas transfer duct are lined with a high-temperature, lightweight insulating refractory. All steel surfaces are painted with high-temperature, anti-oxidant paint. The complete Webb Burner control panel provides automatic modulation of firing rate based on process outlet temperature (or other appropriate process parameter), and monitors burner and process inlet temperatures for safety shutdown in case of temperature extremes. Controls are approved by all major insurance underwriters. Jackson Lumber Harvester Co., Inc. | www.jacksonlbrharvester.com

When you need a quality building fast, ClearSpan™ is the only choice. Buildings available up to 250' wide. Low in cost per square foot. Natural daytime lighting. Easy to relocate. Expandable.

Call one of our ClearSpan™ Specialists at 1.866.643.1010 or visit us at www.ClearSpan.com. Please mention code CST1044.

Whole tree chipper Peterson’s popular 5900 disc chipper has been further enhanced with key features that high-volume chipping operations demand. The new 5900EL (Extended Length) features an 11-foot (3.3 meter) feed deck, PT Tech hydraulic clutch, direct drive for the internal feed rolls, a totally enclosed CAT C18 engine, and is Tier 4 ready. The Peterson model 5900EL disc chipper is built to produce highquality paper chips when paired with a Peterson model 4800 debarker or fuel chips as a stand-alone fuel wood chipper. The 5900EL has a large feed throat capable of accepting up to a 23-inch (563mm) diameter tree or multiple smaller diameter stems. The 5900EL is provided with a standard three-knife disc, and is also available with an optional four knife-disc. Peterson’s heavy duty 66-inch (1676mm) diameter 4.75-inch (121mm) thick chipper disc has a replaceable 0.5-inch (13mm) thick wear plate. Chipping production rates from 60 to 100 tons (55 to 90 tonnes) can be achieved depending on chip size. Peterson specializes in the development and sales of delivery and processing equipment that turns low-grade organic materials into high-value products. Peterson | www.petersoncorp.com

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hydro and marine energy

Small Hydropower A renewable resource that could sweep the nation By Beth Fillerup

Beth Fillerup is a freelance writer with over 20 years of experience marketing and writing for the A/E/C industry with particular focus and interest in sustainable communities, sustainable building, and water quality.

ydroelectric. Hydropower. Hydro. Whatever you call it, it’s all the same: a renewable, non-polluting, and reliable source of energy—an ideal solution to our nation’s immediate demand for renewable energy sources. Yes, hydropower could be the greatest power source available, in more ways than one. Unlike fossil fuels, it’s not rapidly depleting; unlike coal and nuclear energy, it doesn’t create hazardous byproducts; and, unlike solar and wind energy, it’s not dependent on weather conditions, so its supply can be increased or decreased according to demand. Although only eight percent of the total United States electrical power was generated by hydroelectric power plants in 1999, the nation’s 2,000 hydropower plants make hydroelectric power its largest renewable energy source, a remarkable 49% of all renewables. Add to this the nearly 78,000 existing dams and countless other water features (e.g. pipelines, streams, irrigation ditches) that have a potential for creating hydropower, and we have a formula for successful renewable energy: retrofitting existing dams and other water features. According to the US Geological Survey, the likely trend for the future is toward small-scale hydroelectric power plants (or powerhouses) that can generate electricity for single communities. “The definition of small hydro varies, but typically these projects are 20 megawatts or less,” says Alden Robinson, president of Sunrise Engineering. “And, since most of the viable projects out there today are less than five megawatts, there’s a lot of potential for small hydro. We need to be forwardthinking in where hydro can be used. Why don’t we put hydro on existing reservoirs and pipelines?” Thankfully, as more and more energy users expect affordable, renewable, clean power and, as our nation confronts an overwhelming need to produce our own energy sources, public works districts, public agency leaders, and facility owners are realizing that part of the solution is right in their own back yard—on existing water infrastructure. Many communities may need to turn a critical eye to their existing dams and infrastructure to recognize their own possibilities for small hydro. But how does a community recognize these opportunities? And, how do they take an existing opportunity and turn it into reality? Though the motivations for projects like this may differ, the process is formulaic: determine the feasibility, get the funding, obtain the license, and build the project. For the Town of Afton, Wyoming and the regional energy provider, Lower Valley Energy, the process of rehabilitating and retrofitting the Swift Creek Dam began with the motivation of cleaning up a run-down eyesore, and with total support from the community. The Swift Creek Hydroelectric Project is located in Swift Creek Canyon, a popular tourist and local

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hiking spot, partially within the Bridger-Teton National Forest near Afton, Wyoming. Originally licensed in 1942, the project includes two diversion dams, each with a powerhouse, and 2.5 miles of penstock. The project operated until 1968 when the penstock was damaged by an avalanche. Over the years, the two powerhouses were stripped and fell into disrepair. The facility became an eyesore in what was otherwise a picturesque canyon. With this dilapidation came increased liability—Swift Creek boasts a siphoning spring that attracts thousands of tourists each year. In the early 90s, the project’s Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) license expired. The Town of Afton successfully obtained a new license, which mandated that they either remove the remaining hydroelectric structures or get the project running again. After much debate and deliberation, the major players—the landowner, the Bridger National Forest Service; the license holder, the Town of Afton; and the regional utility provider, Lower Valley Energy (LVE)—agreed the project should be rehabilitated. Afton and LVE created an equal partnership for the project. They brought on Symbiotics LLC and Sunrise Engineering for their expertise to design, reconstruct, upgrade, and restore the two historic powerhouses, the nearly 9,000 feet of penstock up to 48" in diameter, and the dam itself. The total project cost came to around seven-million dollars, according to Chad Jensen, LVE’s vice president, and it will generate an estimated 1.5 megawatts of power—enough to power 2,250 homes. Penciling out the project’s feasibility and details is necessary to determine the project’s return on investment based on accurate forecasts of costs including debt service, site purchase, construction, licensing, operations, and maintenance. It is essential to know ahead of time whether the power can be sold for more than what it costs to produce, whether the powerhouse can be operated to generate the power that is needed, and whether private investment or bonding will be needed—as well as if either of them is practical based on the specific project and situation. “Small hydro powerhouses can last between 80 to 100 years, or indefinitely with the proper maintenance,” Robinson notes. “Once construction is complete and debt service is paid over 20 years, you have essentially free power for at least the next 60.” Design is also a big component of this type of project’s success. Understanding the various methods to prevent environmental impact, such as providing safe fish passage, is crucial. Because these projects are located on existing waterways, many of which are community attractions, it is important to minimize aesthetic and visual impacts. In the end, the proper feasibility, funding, and design can all combine for a successful project that is suited to produce renewable energy for years. The Afton project is an ideal example in that they used feasibility, funding, and design to gain community support. Bill Spaulding, LVE’s project manager for the Swift Creek project, who worked on the neighboring Cottonwood Irrigation system hydropower project back in 1971, perhaps, says it best: “Cottonwood was only a two-year project that is still producing hydropower today, and working great. Hydropower is an untapped renewable resource and in the history of our nation, no matter what, hydro is still king.” Sunrise Engineering | www.sunrise-eng.com

AWEA’s Fall 2010 Events AWEA Wind Resource & Project Energy Assessment Workshop September 14 – 15, 2010 4 Oklahoma City, OK www.awea.org/events

AWEA North American Offshore Wind Conference & Exhibition October 5 – 7, 2010 4 Atlantic City, NJ www.offshorewindexpo.org

AWEA U.S. Wind Energy Investment Workshop October 19 – 20, 2010 4 London, UK www.awea.org/events

AWEA Wind Power Health & Safety Workshop October 26 – 27, 2010 4 Austin, TX www.awea.org/events

AWEA Wind Energy Fall Symposium November 17 – 19, 2010 4 Phoenix, AZ www.aweafallsymposium.org

AWEA Small and Community Wind Conference & Exhibition December 7 – 9, 2010 4 Portland, OR www.smallandcommunitywindexpo.org

hydro and marine energy Lightweight inspection tool

Hydro trash rake

The Predator M1 System is a micro-class ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) with an array of options. Built by marine engineers with practical hands-on field experience, the Predator is easy to deploy, use, and maintain with a modular design and sophisticated diagnostics generally found in more costly work-class ROV’s. The Predator M1 is constructed around four high-performance thrusters, which provide the system with movements in the forward, reverse, lateral, and vertical directions. The system utilizes the latest technologies available including fibre optics for transmission of video and data, as well as the latest high-accuracy three-axis compass and LED technology. As standard, the system is fitted with dual simultaneous video channels, which can transmit video from a choice of up to four video channels. The Predator M1 is controlled via an intuitive hand controller designed to provide the pilot with all the necessary controls. The topside interface is a PC-based control system. The interface is designed to give the user all the required information needed to control the ROV. The Predator M1 is manufactured, brought, and supported by the ROV engineers and operators at Global Marine Systems, a worldwide provider of offshore marine engineering systems.

The Ashland Trash Rake is a knuckle-style boom device designed to reach into the depths of the water—up to 50 feet—and engage the bottom of the trash rack bars. An articulating rake (with an opposing thumb attachment) at the end of the boom sweeps the rack bars of any debris on its upward stroke. The Trash Rake system can move the length of the intake, by a 2wd or 4wd trolley system that runs on two 80# rails mounted onto the deck. This allows the operator to easily move the machine along the intake to handle debris, or perform simple facility maintenance. ASHLAND Hydro Trash Rakes are designed to remove a wide variety of debris from weeds to logs, as well as man-made debris. The rake head is equipped with an opposing thumb, allowing objects up to 25" in diameter to be handled. Ashland features two models: the TR3500 model works up to a depth of 35 feet, and the TR5000 model works between depths of 35 to 50 feet. Both models are rated to lift 4,000 pounds at the rack and 1,000 pounds with the arm extended 15 feet out from the rack. For purposes of determining debris disposal options, the machine can lift approximately 1,000 pounds to a height of about 26 feet above the deck.

Global Marine Systems | http://predator-rov.com

Ashland | http://hydrotrashrakes.com

Full water column proﬁler A current profiler cannot measure the complete profile from the bottom to the surface. Instead, it loses data close to the instrument and close to the far boundary. The boundary loess is due to sidelobe interference and nobody has found a way to solve this problem. The near-instrument loss comes from the combination of mounting height, the electroacoustic blanking and the offset of the first measurement cell. In many applications this means that valuable and interesting information about the ocean current is lost. In the new Aquadopp Z-Cell, Nortek has extended the profiling range by introducing a “Cell Zero”. This new data is generated by an extra set of horizontal transducers. The transducers operate at a different frequency (2 MHz) and provide the 2D current velocity as the level of the instrument. This is to benefit anyone who is interested in the detailed current velocity in the boundary layer. Nortek AS | www.nortek-as.com

Tidal steam technologies Cambridge Consultants recently announced that they have successfully sped up the path to market for tidal energy start-up, Green-Tide Turbines (G-TT). Current tidal stream technologies are still at an early stage of development and one of the main technical challenges developers are facing is how to best predict and plan how the underwater turbines will interact and work with the varying depths, strengths, and directions of water flow. G-TT’s turbines use natural water movement to tap energy from the tidal stream, helping to bring more costeffective renewable energy to the world. Cambridge Consultants has been contracted to carry out G-TT’s Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis design—demonstrating its credentials at helping start-ups answer complex technical questions and offering vital support as they seek a route-to-market. By 2020 the UK Government has committed to 20% of its total energy requirements coming from renewable sources. Of this, it is estimated that only 3% will be from a combination of tidal and wave devices, but G-TT believe marine renewables have the potential of providing 15% to 20% of the UK’s energy needs if deployed correctly. Green-Tide’s turbine technology aims to achieve 30% capital cost savings relative to competing technologies by a means of an optimized innovative design that operates at a higher efficiency and uses less material. Green-Tide Turbines Ltd. www.green-tide.org Cambridge Consultants www.cambridgeconsultants.com

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26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition The most inspiring Platform for the global PV Solar Sector

CCH Congress Centre and International Fair Hamburg, Germany Conference 5 - 9 September 2011 t Exhibition 5 - 8 September 2011

pv.conference@wip-munich.de t www.photovoltaic-conference.com

eventscalendar NOVEMBER 2010 Wind Farm Design and Introduction 4-5

DECEMBER 2010 Conference: PV Power Plants 2010 1-2

to GH WindFarmer Montreal, Quebec http://www.gl-garradhassan.com/assets/downloads/ﬂyer/1104BT555.pdf

Advanced Biofuels Market San Francisco, California—Stanford Court Hotel www2.greenpowerconferences.co.uk

JANUARY 2011 17-20 World Future Energy Summit 2011

Las Vegas, Nevada www.solarpraxis.de/en/conferencias/pv-power-plants-2010-usa

Abu Dhabi; www.worldfutureenergysummit.com

24-26

Smart Energy Summit: Engaging the Consumer Austin, Texas—Hyatt Regency Austin www.parksassociates.com

Small & Community Wind Conference & Exhibition Portland, Oregon—www.smallandcommunitywindexpo.org

25-26

Solar Power Generation USA Las Vegas, Nevada—Rio All Suites Hotel and Casino www2.greenpowerconferences.com

31-02

14th Annual EUEC 2011 Pheonix, Arizona—Phoenix Convention Center www.euec.com

6-7

Small Hydro Washington, DC—Marriott at Metro Center www2.greenpowerconferences.com

7-9

17-19

AWEA Wind Energy Fall Symposium Phoenix, Arizona—www.aweafallsymposium.org

17-19

EnerSolar+: A world of solar energy Milan, Italy—Milan Fair Centre www.enersolarplus.com/en/index_esp.asp

8-10

World Energy Engineering Congress Washington, DC—Washington Convention Centre www.energycongress.com

30-01

The Midwest’s Premier Energy, Economic & Environmental Conference Saint Paul, Minnesota—Saint Paul River Centre; www.iree.umn.edu/e3

8-12

GeoPower Europe 2010 Paris, France—Renaissance Hotel Paris la Defense www2.greenpowerconferences.co.uk

30-01

3rd Thin Film Solar Summit US San Francisco, California—Hilton San Francisco Financial District www.thinﬁlmtoday.com/us/

FEBRUARY 20111 24-25 Solar Industry Conference Rome, Italy—www.solarpraxis.de

MARCH 2011 Renewable Energy World Conference and 8-10 Expo North America 2011 Tampa, Florida—Tampa Convention Centre

Send us your clean energy show and event listings. Email information to the Editor at mfroese@nacleanenergy.com

30-31

Globalcon Philadelphia, Pennsylvania—Pennsylvania Convention Center www.globalconevent.com

advertisers’websitedirectory Page Company 129

Website

Page Company

Website

Page Company

26th EU PVSEC and WCPEC

www.photovoltaic-conference.com

Heliodyne

www.heliodyne.com

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ADCO

www.adcocorp.com

Hub City Inc

www.hubcityinc.com

Advanced Energy

www.aesolaron.com/lcoe

Huber + Suhner

Advanced Power Products

www.advancedpowerproducts.com

Aevenia

www.aevenia.com

Agilent Technologies

www.agilent.com/find/gogreen

Alencon Systems

www.alenconsystems.com

AL-PRO Wind Energy

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84 9

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Website

Pratt & Whitney Power Systems

www.pw.utc.com

Protekpark Solar

www.protekpark.com

www.hubersuhner.com

PV Powered

www.pvpowered.com

HuksefluxUSA Inc

www.huksefluxusa.com

Quick Mount

www.quickmount.com

Hurst Boiler

www.hurstboiler.com

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Renewable Construction Services

www.renewableconstructionservices.com

Hydac International

www.hydacusa.com

RES Canada Inc

www.res-americas.com

Hytorc

www.hytorc.com/wind3

Rennsteig Tools Inc

www.rennsteig.us

gms-alpro.com

Idaho Dept of Commerce

renewable.idaho.gov

RES Americas Inc

www.res-americas.com

AP Alternatives LLC

www.apalternatives.com

Infineon Technologies Industrial Power

www.infineon.com/highpower

RESOL

www.resol.com

Applied Energy Technologies

www.aetenergy.com

International Battery

www.internationalbattery.com

Riverside County EDA

www.rivcoeda.org

Atlas Material Testing Solutions

www.solardurability.com

IPPBC

www.ippbc.com

Roll Forming Corporation

www.rfcorp.com

AWEA

www.awea.org

Isthmus Engineering

www.isthmuseng.com

Rolls Battery Engineering

www.rollsbattery.com

AZZ Galvanizing Services

www.azzgalvanizing.com

Kaco New Energy Inc

www.kaco-newenergy.com

Rosendin Electric

www.rosendin.com

Baja Construction

www.bajacarports.com

K-Flex USA

www.kflexusa.com

RSA Group

www.rsagroup.ca

Basler Electric

www.basler.com/solar

Kinematics Manufacturing Inc

www.kinematicsmfg.com

S-5

www.S-5-solar.com/nace

Kipp & Zonen

www.kippzonen.com

Satcon

www.satcon.com/solstice

KR Wind

www.krwind.com

Schletter Inc

www.schletter.us

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Best Best & Krieger, LLP

www.bbklaw.com

Burndy

www.burndy.com

104

Campbell Scientific

www.campbellsci.com/renewables

Kuka Systems

www.kuka-systems.com

Schneider Electric

www.schneider-electric.com www.schunkgraphite.com

Canadian Solar

www.canadiansolar.com

Legrand Cablofil

www.legrand.us/cablofil

Schunk Graphite Technology LLC

CanSIA 2010

www.cansia.ca

LEONI

www.leoni-solar-windpower.com

Schurter Inc

www.schurterinc.com/new_fuses

Catch the Wind

www.catchthewindinc.com

Liebherr

www.liebherr.ca

Session Solar

www.sessionsolar.com

CG Power Solutions

www.cgpowersolutions.com

Lincoln Electric

www.lincolnelectric.com

Solar Skies

www.solarskies.com

Citel

www.citel.us

Littelfuse Inc

www.littelfuse.com/green

Solectria Renewables LLC.

www.solren.com

117

125

Clear Span Structures

www.clearspan.com

Mage Solar

www.magesolar.com

Solex Energies

www.solexenergies.com

Composotech Structures

www.composotech.com

Magnetek

www.magnetek.com

Solmetric

www.solmetric.com

Con-tech Systems Ltd

www.contechsystems.com

Marathon Special Products

www.marathonsp.com

Solon

www.solon.com

Cooper B-Line

www.cooperblinesolar.com

102

Mersen

www.mersen.com

Stego Inc

www.stegousa.com

Day4 Energy

www.day4solarsystem.com

Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy Llc

www.milbank.com

Stiebel Eltron

www.stiebel-eltron-usa.com

IBC

DEGERenergie Tracking Systems

www.DEGERenergie.com

MK Battery

www.mkbattery.com

Sunwize

www.sunwize.com

Dickstein Shapiro LLP

www.dicksteinshapiro.com

IFC

Mortenson

www.mortenson.com/wind

Thompson Technology Industries

www.ttisolar.com

Dow Corning Corporation

www.dowcorning.com/solarsealants

125

Next Energy West

www.nextenergywest.com

Tindall Corp.

www.atlasctb.com

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

www.ene.com

Next Generation Energy

www.zillarac.com

Titan Technologies International, Inc

www.titanti.com

Equipment Express, Inc

www.equipmentexpress.com

NRG Systems

how.nrgsystems.com

109

Trico TC Wind

www.tricotcwind.com

Erico

www.erico.com

Omega Flex Inc

www.omegaflex.com

ESAB

www.esabna.com

Panel Claw

www.panelclaw.com

ET Solar

www.etsolar.com

Patriot Solar Group

ETA International

www.certifymegreen.org

PCL

European Clean Energy

www.eucleanenergy.com

122

Percival Scientific

Eye Lighting International

www.eyesolarlux.com

Fagen Inc

www.fageninc.com

101

111

Trina Solar

www.trinasolar.com

100

Troutman Sanders

www.troutmansanders.com/renewable_energy

www.patriotsolargroup.com

112

TurboCare

www.turbocare.com

www.pcl.com

105

TWR Lighting

www.twrlighting.com

www.percival-scientific.com

U.S. Battery

www.usbattery.com

Phono Solar

www.phonosolarusa.com

Unirac, Inc

www.unirac.com

Pivot Point

www.pivotpins.com

Upsolar

www.upsolar.com

113

GEFCO

www.gefco.com

Plansee USA LLC

www.plansee.com

US Digital

www.usdigital.com/solar

106

Geo-Foundations Contractors Inc

www.geo-foundations.com

PMA USA Inc

www.pma-usa.org

Valentin Software

www.valentin-software.com

www.whiteconstruction.com

GFC AntriebsSysteme GmbH

www.gfc-antriebe.de

PNC Equipment Finance

www.pnc.com/ef

White Construction

GL Garrad Hassan

www.gl-garradhassan.com

OBC

Polaris America LLC

www.polarisamerica.com

Wieland Electric

www.wielandinc.com

Greenpower Capital

www.greenpowercap.com

119

PowerGen International

www.power-gen.com

Winston & Strawn

www.winston.com

130

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

nacleanenergy.com

Tracker efﬁciency should always be measured by the yield Up to 45 % more energy gained using the DEGERconecter Intelligence designed by Nature. Solar tracking systems from DEGERenergie exactly align each individual solar module to the most intense light source – whether the sun is shining or it‘s heavily overcast. An impressive energy gain of up to 45 percent.

BENEFIT FROM THE KNOW-HOW OF THE MARKET LEADER Patented control system: The DEGERconecter identiﬁes the strongest light source at any time of day.

DEGERtraker: The single and dual axis fastening system ideally aligns the photovoltaic modules.

▶ Best price-performance ratio – therefore a fast payoff ▶ 30,000 DEGERtrakers on the grid ▶ Lowest transport costs ▶ Most clever control unit ▶ TÜV tested and certified, UL/CSA tested and certified

www.DEGERenergie.com

▶ Total security – Ask for our “Spare Care” and “Total Care”

Capture the energy of a brand new star.

Just in time to capture the attention of visionary projects from coast to coast, Great Plains to Great Lakes: a whole new class of innovative wind turbine designs that feature exclusive technologies and superior engineering for truly cost effective community wind energy production. From 10 kW to 1 MW, Polaris has a size to fit your requirements with a proven technology that delivers the next generation of wind power needed for diverse energy applications. In communities around the world, people will see a new star when they look up in the sky. And itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s as reliable as the wind itself. Polaris. For more information visit our web site at www.polarisamerica.com, e-mail us at sales @polarisamerica.com, or call 614-540-1710.

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