512 KENTUCKY CONSUMER ADVOCATE NETWORK Kentucky Transportation Railroad Inc. in 1979. Herr, Kincaid A. The Louisville & Nashville Railroad. Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 2000. Tenkotte, Paul A. “Rival Cities to Suburbs: Covington and Newport, Kentucky, 1790–1890,” PhD diss., Univ. of Cincinnati, 1989. Turner, Charles W. Chessie’s Road. Richmond, Va.: Garrett and Massie, 1956.
Charles H. Bogart
KENTUCKY CONSUMER ADVOCATE NETWORK. The Kentucky Consumer Advocate Network (KYCAN) is a nonprofit organization of mental health consumers that promotes the rights, concerns, and issues of persons with mental illness in Kentucky. It was founded in Nazareth, Ky., in 1988 by a small group of concerned mental health consumers, and the group’s main office is in Louisville. KYCAN, a statewide grassroots organization, promotes self-determination, self-advocacy, community integration without discrimination, and freedom of choice on behalf of mental health clients through public education. It exists to empower mental health consumers to have hope, to take personal responsibility, to advocate for needed changes, to educate about mental health issues, and to represent the consumer community before public and governmental bodies. Some of the services available to KYCAN’s clients are peer support, voting-rights training and voter registration, a newsletter, seclusion and restraint reduction training, application of the Olmstead Decision (a U.S. Supreme Court decision that requires states to place qualified individuals with mental disabilities in community settings, rather than in institutions, whenever possible), and advanced directives for mental health treatment. There is also a yearly conference with speakers and workshops for mental health consumers. KYCAN has more than 1,000 members. It has affi liate coordinators in more than 25 counties, including Boone, Campbell, Grant, and Kenton counties in the Northern Kentucky region. All KYCAN programs are free to consumers and their families, as is membership at this time. KYCAN’s efforts are supported financially by Kentucky’s office of Protection and Advocacy and by the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Community Support Programs, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Ser vices Administration, and other donations. KYCAN. “Kentucky Consumer Advocate Network.” http://contac.org/kycan/ (accessed March 24, 2006).
Robin Rider Osborne
KENTUCKY CRICKET CLUB. The Kentucky Cricket Club of Newport was formed in 1845 and endured, at least in name, for more than 20 years, until baseball emerged as the region’s dominant bat-and-ball game following the Civil War. Cricket originated in England during the early 1700s. Allmale cricket clubs, complete with bylaws and elected officers, had existed in both England and North America before the Revolutionary War.
Cricket first appeared in the Ohio River Valley during the 1840s. The first cricket match played in Kentucky reportedly occurred in 1843 at Louisville. By late 1845, the Cincinnati area had three cricket teams: the Queen City Club, the Great Western Club, and the Kentucky Cricket Club of Newport. English immigrants established these clubs for camaraderie and exercise. One local enthusiast praised cricket as “more beneficial to health than all the drugs and quack medicines this side of the Allegheny Mountains.” Despite such purported virtues, cricket failed to win many adherents outside the English immigrant community. As late as 1860, English natives still made up all or nearly all of the Kentucky Cricket Club’s lineup, or “first eleven.” Like the German turnvereins and other immigrant institutions, the English cricket clubs demonstrate how European settlers preserved aspects of their culture and, in turn, shaped urban life in the Ohio River Valley. Although cricket is not widely played in Northern Kentucky today, the Kentucky Cricket Club nevertheless influenced the region’s recreation. The club’s matches were among the area’s earliest spectator events that featured team sports. For an 1860 match against the rival Union Cricket Club of Cincinnati, steamboats departed the Newport Barracks every half hour carry ing fans to the Kentucky Cricket Club’s grounds, located a mile up the Licking River. Moreover, the Ohio River Valley’s cricket clubs promoted the growth of other team sports by lending their organizational structures, playing fields, and members to the townball and baseball clubs that first appeared in the area during the late 1850s. “Cricket Match,” CDC, August 9, 1860, 2. Kirsch, George B. The Creation of American Team Sports: Baseball and Cricket, 1838–1872. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1989. “Sporting Epistle from Cincinnati.” Spirit of the Times 15, no. 27 (August 29, 1845): 314.
Greg Perkins
KENTUCKY ENQUIRER. The Kentucky Enquirer is the Northern Kentucky edition of the Cincinnati Enquirer, the daily newspaper with the largest paid circulation in Northern Kentucky. The Enquirer also operates a Web site for Northern Kentucky, NKY.com. In the spring of 2008, the Enquirer’s Kentucky circulation was approximately 40,000 daily and 52,000 on Sunday, making it the third-largest daily newspaper in the state of Kentucky. The Kentucky edition’s front page, local news section, and sports section are either substantially or completely different from the Cincinnati editions of the newspaper. The editorial and business pages also change on some days. The Cincinnati Enquirer issued its first paper on April 10, 1841, focusing that day on the death of the first U.S. president from Cincinnati, William Henry Harrison (1841). From its inception, the paper was a popu lar resource for news about the arts. Its first editor was John Brough; its circulation at the time was around 1,000. At first called Daily
Cincinnati Enquirer, the paper later changed its name to Cincinnati Daily Enquirer, then to Cincinnati Enquirer. Well-known area families have owned the paper during its long tenure: the McLean family for more than 50 years and then later one of Cincinnati’s most successful businessmen, Carl Linder. During the Civil War, the paper began publishing seven days each week, making it possible to follow the daily happenings of the war in the region. In 1866, when fire destroyed Cincinnati’s Pike Opera House, it took the Enquirer building next door with it. The publisher quickly recovered from this loss, and through 1991 the paper missed only nine publishing dates. The Enquirer’s largest and longest-continuing advertiser, the Kroger Company, placed its first ad on March 21, 1897. The Enquirer was purchased by the media giant Gannett Corporation in 1978 and became a sister publication of the Louisville CourierJournal. For many years, extending well into the 20th century, the news of Northern Kentucky, mainly Covington and Newport, was reported on the outof-town page of the Cincinnati Enquirer; the same practice was followed by most other Cincinnatibased newspapers. News items covered included building permits, new construction starts, and the deaths of important individuals, each normally given the space of a short paragraph. By 1894 the Enquirer had an office at 406 Scott St. in Covington, with John M. Vastine as a reporter; in 1900 S. T. Reilly held that job; by 1910 the Covington office had moved to 511 Madison and two reporters were on staff, Charles H. Mohr and Marcella Deutsch; in 1923 Ray A. Cochran gathered the news at 7 W. Sixth. St.; and in 1940 the Covington office was at 35 E. Seventh St. In 1956 the paper’s Newport location at 5 E. Sixth St. was consolidated into the Covington location. By 1960 the office had been given the name Kentucky Enquirer, with an address of 105 City Building, Covington; in 1970, when Jack Hicks was named Kentucky editor by head editor Brady Black, the operation was at 600 Greenup St.; in the 1980s and into the 1990s, the office was at 309 Garrard St.; it moved to 226 Grandview Ave. in Fort Mitchell in the late 1990s. By 2008 about 40 news and advertising people worked in the Fort Mitchell office while staff members for the 10 Community Recorder weekly newspapers worked a floor below. The Kentucky Enquirer always has been printed in Cincinnati, first at the plant along Vine St. and recently in Queensgate, and trucked into Northern Kentucky. The Enquirer also has two newspaper distribution centers in Northern Kentucky, in Erlanger and Cold Spring. Over the years, many Northern Kentuckians have worked for the Enquirer. Brady Black, Jack Hicks, Ollie James, Robert F. Schulkers, and Caroline Williams are a few who played major roles. Many of the Enquirer’s top present-day journalists live and work in Northern Kentucky, including political reporter Patrick Crowley, photographer Michael Keating, and sports columnist John Erardi. In 1974 Enquirer editor Bill Keating announced that coverage of Northern Kentucky