DUWLJR WpFQLFR
E QMGVSTVSHYpnS JSXSZSPXEMGE $ PLFURJHUDomR VHJXH R VHX FDPLQKR FRP D QRYD OHL $ DSyV XPD LQWHUUXSomR GH DOJXQV PHVHV ([LVWHP DFWXDOPHQWH FHUFD GH PLO PLFURSURGXWRUHV R TXH FRUUHVSRQGH D DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH D 0: e SRXFR PDV p D H[SUHVVmR GH XPD QRYD SHUVSHFWLYD GR TXH VHUmR RV VLVWHPDV HQHUJpWLFRV GR IXWXUR D QRYD SHUSHFWLYD ยฑTS[IV JVSQ XLI TISTPIยฒ 6YM %^IZIHS I ,qPHIV 'SVVIME 7QEVX[EXX VYM E^IZIHS$WQEVX[EXX TX LIPHIV GSVVIME$WQEVX[EXX TX
% ,MWXzVME GSQIpE EUYMยฉ %MRHE QI PIQFVS HS HME IQ UYI WEMY S (I GVIXS 0IM IVE YQE VIEPMHEHI RSZE TEVE RzW HIWGSRLIGMHE GLIME HI H ZMHEW RnS XuRLEQSW LMWXzVMGS TEVE WYWXIRXEV SW RSWWSW EVKYQIRXS XqGRMGS GSQIVGMEMW NYR XS HSW GPMIRXIW RnS XuRLEQSW E GIVXI^E HS GSQTSVXEQIRXS HEW MRWXEPEp~IW WI TVSHY ^MVMEQ RE VIEPMHEHI EUYMPS UYI SW TVSKVEQEW HI WMQYPEpnS RSW HM^MEQ )Q XIVQSW XqGRM GEW EW H ZMHEW IVEQ QYMXEW I WYFWMWXMEQ % TVzTVME IRXMHEHI 6IKYPEHSVE 'IVXMยฝGEHSVE 'IVXMIP XMRLE EW QIWQEW H ZMHEW GSQS WI MVME IJIGXYEV S TEKEQIRXS HE IRIVKME TVS HY^MHE ES 4VSHYXSV I TEKEZEQ# 5YERHS# 'SQS# 4SV UYERXS XIQTS# 5YI WIKYVERpE XMRLE S TVSHYXSV# 3 MRZIWXMQIRXS RE EPXY VE HI YQE 1MGVSKIVEpnS ย ยบ HEZE TEVE GSQTVEV YQ FSQ GEVVS TSV I\IQTPS IVE IWXI S XMTS HI UYIWX~IW GSQ UYI JSQSW GSRJVSRXEHSW NYRXSW HSW RSWWSW GPMIRXIW 3 4SVXYKYsW q HIWGSRยฝEHS IWXj IWGEPHEHS E LMWXzVME QYMXEW ZI^IW XsQ PLI HEHS VE^nS QEW RIWXI GEWS JIPM^QIRXI UYI RnS XIZI 1EW GSQS FSRW 4SVXYKYIWIW UYI WSQSW HIQSW E ZSPXE RS FSQ WIRXMHS GPEVS E XS HEW IWXEW UYIWX~IW 'SQ S XIQTS JSQSW VIยฝRERHS E RSWWE SJIVXE E RSWWE UYEPMHEHI HI WIVZMpS S TzW ZIRHE UYI q QYMXS MQTSV XERXI RIWXEW WMXYEp~IW )Q S ZEPSV TSV O;L GSQ UYI S 1MGVSTVSHYXSV IVE VIQY RIVEHS RS ERS ^IVS HIWHI E HEXE HI PMKEpnS EXq (I^IQFVS HIWWI ERS EXq ESW GMRGS WIKYMRXIW JSM HI ยบ O;L XMRLE HI WIV TEVE S MRZIWXMQIRXS WIV IGSRSQMGEQIRXI EXVEGXMZS MRZIWXMQIRXS ZIVWYW VIGIMXE 3 VI KMWXS PMGIRpEW IVE SFXMHS EXVEZqW HS 761 74
7MWXIQE 6IKMWXS 1MGVSKIVEpnS RE TjKMRE [[[ VIRSZEZIMWRELSVE TX GSQ HME I LSVE E TYFPMGEV RS [IFWMXI SRHI IVE HMWTSRMFMPM ^EHE YQE GSXE RSVQEPQIRXI 1; 'SQ S IZSPYMV HE WMXYEpnS EW TVMQIMVEW MRWXEPE p~IW E JYRGMSREVIQ IQ TPIRS EPKYQEW EXq E TVSHY^MVIQ EGMQE HS TVSNIGXEHS SW 1MGVS TVSHYXSVIW E WIVIQ VIQYRIVEHSW TIPS 'S QIVGMEPM^EHSV HI IRIVKME E XIQTS I LSVEW E VIRXEFMPMHEHI HS MRZIWXMQIRXS IVE HE SVHIQ HSW E TVzTVME &ERGE E GVMEV TVSHYXSW ยฝRERGIMVSW IWTIGuยฝGSW TEVE E 1MGVSKIVEpnS ยฝRERGMERHS EW MRWXEPEp~IW E SY WINE E GSRNIGXYVE XqGRMGE IGSRzQMGE ยฝRERGIMVE I E GSRยฝERpE TSV TEVXI HSW GPMIRXIW WYFMY IQ ยพIGLE S UYI SVMKMRSY YQ EYQIRXS I\TSRIR GMEP HE TVSGYVE IQ VIPEpnS k SJIVXE HEW PMGIR pEW HMWTSRuZIMW )Q WuRXIWI RS ยฝREP HI EWWMWXMY WI E YQE WMXYEpnS UYI IVE GSRXVE S TVMRGuTMS GSQ UYI S (IGVIXS PIM JSM TIRWE HS UYI IVE TEKEV YQE XEVMJE FSRMยฝGEHE TSV GEHE O;L MRNIGXEHS RE VIHI TIPS 4VSHYXSV HI JSVQE E UYI IWXI EQSVXM^EWWI S MRZIWXM QIRXS RYQ TIVuSHS VE^SjZIP E ERSW IQ UYI ZMKSVEZE S GSRXVEXS ERSW TEWWERHS E WIV ZMWXS GSQS YQ TVSHYXS ยฝRERGIMVS HI ZMHS ES EFEM\EQIRXS HSW TVIpSW HI EUYMWMpnS UYERHS E XEVMJE EMRHE IWXEZE IQ RuZIMW EPXSW ยบ O;L XYHS MWXS PIZSY I FIQ E UYI E 0IKMWPEpnS JSWWI EPXIVEHE 'SQS TVMRGMTEMW EPXIVEp~IW EYQIRXEVEQ WI EW GSXEW ERYEMW HMWTSRuZIMW 1; TSV ERS HYVERXI HI^ ERSW GSQ YQE XEVMJE FEWI ERYEP HI ยบ O;L RSW TVMQIMVSW SMXS ERSW I ยบ O;L RSW VIWXERXIW WIXI IQ QEW IQ GEHE ERS HIGVIWGI ยบ O;L IQ GEHE YQ HSW TIVuSHSW )WXI ENYWXEQIRXS TIVQMXMY UYI S ยฑTVMRGuTMSยฒ GSQ UYI S (IGVIXS HI 0IM JSM TIR
WEHS ZSPXEWWI k TVMQIMVE JSVQE S R QIVS HI MRWXEPEp~IW GSXE HMWTSRuZIP ERYEMW JSWWI EY QIRXEHS S TVSGIWWS HI SFXIRpnS HS VIKMWXS TSV TEVXI HS 4VSHYXSV JSWWI JIMXS HI YQE JSVQE QIRSW FYVSGVjXMGE I WMQTPIW %KSVE q TSWWuZIP E UYEPUYIV QSQIRXS IJIGXYEVQSW S VIKMWXS RS 761 ยฝGERHS ETIREW E EKYEVHEV E TYFPMGEpnS QIRWEP HE EXVMFYMpnS HEW PMGIR pEW I UYEMW SW TPE]IVย W UYI TSHIQ STIVEV RS QIVGEHS XYHS MWXS IWXj E EGSRXIGIVยฉ
% RSZE PIM R ย % % TVSHYpnS HI IPIGXVMGMHEHI TEVE ZIRHE k VIHI EXq O; TEVE GSRHSQuRMSW I EXq O; TEVE EW VIWXERXIW MRWXEPEp~IW TIV QMXI E PMKEpnS IQ QSRSJjWMGS SY XVMJjWMGS HI EGSVHS GSQ E TSXsRGME HI PMKEpnS % TSXsRGME HI PMKEpnS HI GEHE YRMHEHI IWXj PMQMXEHE E HE TSXsRGME GSRXVEXEHE TEVE E MRWXEPEpnS GSRXYHS S VIKMQI FSRMยฝGEHS PM QMXE E TSXsRGME E O; 4EVE SW GSRHSQuRMSW EGIHIVIQ ES VIKMQI FSRMยฝGEHS q RIGIWWjVME YQE EYHMXSVME IRIV KqXMGE I MQTPIQIRXEV EW QIHMHEW HI IยฝGMsR GME MHIRXMยฝGEHEW RE EYHMXSVME GSQ YQ XIQ TS HI VIXSVRS MRJIVMSV E HSMW ERSW 4EVE SW VIWXERXIW IHMJuGMSW q RIGIWWjVMS TSWWYMV TIPS QIRSW Q HI GSPIGXSV WSPEV XqVQMGS SY GEP HIMVE E FMSQEWWE 1EW E KVERHI HMJIVIRpE HS TVIWIRXI (IGVI XS 0IM TEVE S ERXIVMSV TVIRHI WI GSQ E VI QYRIVEpnS HE IRIVKME )WXI HSGYQIRXS ยฝ\E E XEVMJE HI VIJIVsRGME IQ ยบ 1; TEVE SW TVMQIMVSW SMXS ERSW I ยบ 1; TEVE SW