*HQHUDOL]D¾R GRV FRQFHLWRV GH PDQXWLELOLGDGH H GLVSRQLELOLGDGH
M
4
ARTIGO CIENTÍFICO
& 3(5(,5$ &$%5,7$ - &$5/26 0$7,$6 ) %,*$5(6 6$1726 & $1781(6 )(51$1'(6 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH (QJHQKDULD (OHFWURPHF½QLFD )DFXOGDGH GH (QJHQKDULD 8QLYHUVLGDGH GD %HLUD ,QWHULRU FDEULWD#XEL SW
118 119
D 3DUWH s 'LVSRQLELOLGDGH
5(6802
6DOLHQWH VH TXH H FRUUHVSRQ
$SUHVHQWD VH QHVWD VHJXQGD SDUWH D JHQHUDOL]D¾R GRV FRQFHLWRV GDV GLVSRQLELOLGDGHV LQWUÈQVHFD H RSHUDFLRQDO WHQGR HP DWHQ¾R D DQ¼OLVH HIHWXDGD QD SULPHLUD SDUWH UHODWLYD » GHƬQL¾R SUREDELOÈVWLFD GD PDQXWLELOLGDGH
GHP D WHU VH SDUD RV WHPSRV DVVRFLD GRV XPD GLVWULEXL¾R GH SUREDELOLGD GHV H[SRQHQFLDO QHJDWLYD 7HQGR HP DWHQ¾R DV HVSHFLƬFLGDGHV GD JHQHUDOL ]D¾R TXH VH SURSÐH QHVWH WUDEDOKR H DWHQGHQGR D TXH QHVWD ÕOWLPD H[SUHV
',6321,%,/,'$'( ,175¨16(&$
s 0HDQ 7LPH %HWZHHQ )DLOXUHV s Ä XP
V¾R FO¼VVLFD VH WHP HP FRQWD DSHQDV
6HQGR D ƬDELOLGDGH XP LQGLFDGRU TXH
SDU½PHWUR GH ƬDELOLGDGH VHQGR LJXDO
DV IDOKDV GRV EHQV H DV UHVSHWLYDV LQ
UHVXOWD Q¾R VÎ GR SURMHWR H GD FRQV
DR LQYHUVR GD WD[D GH IDOKDV WD[D GH
WHUYHQÂÐHV FRUUHWLYDV VXJHUH VH TXH
WUX¾R PDV WDPEÄP GDV FRQGLÂÐHV
RFRUUÅQFLDV GH PDQXWHQ¾R FRUUHFWL
VH DGRSWHP DV VHJXLQWHV H[SUHVVÐHV H
GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR GRV EHQV FRQGL
YD Ȝ HQTXDQWR TXH R 7HPSR 0ÄGLR
QRPHQFODWXUDV
FLRQD D IUHTXÅQFLD FRP TXH DV IDOKDV
'H 5HSDUD¾R 0775 s 0HDQ 7LPH 7R
RFRUUHP 7RGDYLD VH RV EHQV GLVSXVH
5HSDLU s Ä XP SDU½PHWUR GH PDQXWLELOL
UHP GH ERDV FDUDWHUÈVWLFDV GH PDQX
GDGH VHQGR LJXDO DR LQYHUVR GD WD[D GH
WLELOLGDGH DV DYDULDV GHFRUUHQWHV GDV
UHSDUDÂÐHV ȝ &RPSDUDQGR ƬDELOLGDGH
IDOKDV VHU¾R UHSDUDGDV GH IRUPD I¼FLO
FRP PDQXWLELOLGDGH RV WHPSRV 07%) H
H U¼SLGD PLQLPL]DQGR DV VXDV FRQVH
0775 HTXLYDOHP VH R PHVPR VXFHGHQ
TXÅQFLDV &DVR FRQWU¼ULR SRGH VXFH
GR FRP Ȝ H ȝ 1RWH VH TXH 07%) H 0775
GHU TXH SDUDGR[DOPHQWH VH GLVSRQKD
UHSUHVHQWDP XP WHPSR GH SHUÈRGR GH
GH XP EHP GH ƬDELOLGDGH HOHYDGD PDV
XPD RFRUUÅQFLD HQTXDQWR TXH Ȝ H ȝ V¾R
TXH GHYLGR D FDUDWHUÈVWLFDV GH PDQXWL
DV VXDV IUHTXÅQFLDV GDÈ DV UHVSHFWLYDV
4XDQWR DR 0775 SRGH VHU REWLGR DWUD
ELOLGDGH GHVIDYRU¼YHLV HVVH EHP YHQKD
UHODÂÐHV LQYHUVDV > @ $QDOLVDQGR
YÄV GD VHJXLQWH H[SUHVV¾R SDUD XP GH
D VHU DOYR GH IDOKDV FRP JUDYHV FRQVH
HVWD H[SUHVV¾R FRQVWDWD VH TXH R YD
WHUPLQDGR SHUÈRGR GH WHPSR
TXÅQFLDV $ PDQXWLELOLGDGH Ä XP WHU
ORU GH 'L VLWXD VH HQWUH ]HUR HTXLSD
PR WÄFQLFR DVVRFLDGR »V DWLYLGDGHV GH
PHQWR WRWDOPHQWH LQGLVSRQÈYHO SRU VH
PDQXWHQ¾R TXH WUDGX] D SUHRFXSD
WHU 07%) H D XQLGDGH HTXLSDPHQ
¾R HP FRQVHJXLU VH TXH XP GHWHUPL
WR WRWDOPHQWH GLVSRQÈYHO SRU VH WHU
QDGR EHP TXDQGR VXMHLWR D LQWHUYHQ
0775 1D SU¼WLFD HVWD ÕOWLPD VLWX
ÂÐHV GH PDQXWHQ¾R SODQHDGDV RX
D¾R VÎ SRVVÈYHO WHRULFDPHQWH QXQFD
UHSUHVHQWDQGR IL D IUHTXÅQFLD GD RSH
Q¾R SURSRUFLRQH IDFLOLGDGH GH DFHVVR
VXFHGH SRLV FRUUHVSRQGHULD D WHUHP VH
UD¾R GH PDQXWHQ¾R FRUUHWLYD JHQÄ
DRV FRPSRQHQWHV D UHSDUDU RX D VXEVWL
HTXLSDPHQWRV TXH QXQFD IDOKDVVHP
ULFD L QÕPHUR GH LQWHUYHQÂÐHV HIHWXD
WXLU FRQGLÂÐHV GH VHJXUDQÂD SUHFLV¾R
7RGDYLD PHVPR HP HTXLSDPHQWRV H
GDV GH RUGHP L UHDOL]DGD QR LQWHUYDOR
H HFRQRPLD
VLVWHPDV FRPSOH[RV FRPR SRU H[HP
GH WHPSR PÄGLR 0775L 3RU RXWUR ODGR
SOR RV DFLRQDPHQWRV HOÄWULFRV GH YHOR
TXDQGR R UHJLVWR KLVWÎULFR GH XP GH
&RPR Ä VDELGR > @ R LQGLFDGRU
FLGDGH YDUL¼YHO FRP PRWRUHV GH LQGX
WHUPLQDGR EHP SHUPLWH VDEHU RV Q YD
GH GHVHPSHQKR 'L s 'LVSRQLELOLGDGH
¾R WULI¼VLFRV FRQVHJXHP VH YDORUHV
ORUHV GH 775 WHP VH DLQGD
,QWUÈQVHFD RX 7HÎULFD DVVRFLDGR DRV
GD RUGHP GH LVWR Ä 3RU FRQ
FRQVWUXWRUHV GRV EHQV DWUDYÄV GDV GL
VHJXLQWH FRPR VH WHP
YHUVDV IDVHV GH FRQFHS¾R GLPHQVLR QDPHQWR H FRQVWUX¾R Ä GHWHUPLQDGR
DWUDYÄV GD VHJXLQWH H[SUHVV¾R
',6321,%,/,'$'( 23(5$&,21$/ &RQWUDULDPHQWH » 'LVSRQLELOLGDGH ,Q
(P WHUPRV TXDQWLWDWLYRV Ä LPSRUWDQWH
WUÈQ VHFD TXH HP WHUPRV FRQYHQFLR
SRU VXEVWLWXL¾R HP YLU¼
QDLV FRQVLGHUD H[FOXVLYDPHQWH DV LQ
VDOLHQWDU TXH R 7HPSR 0ÄGLR GH ERP IXQFLRQDPHQWR (QWUH )DOKDV 07%) s
WHUYHQÂÐHV GH PDQXWHQ¾R FRUUHWLYD D