:HLGP×OOHU ,QGÕVWULD
M 121 122
'HVDƬRV QR FDPLQKR SDUD XP QRYR PXQGR GH SURGX¾R 7HFQRORJLD GH LQIRUPD¾R H FRPXQLFD¾R FRPR R SULQFLSDO PRWRU GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR QR IXWXUR ,QWHJUD¾R GRV SURGXWRV H[LVWHQWHV H GRV QRYRV QR PXQGR GD ,QGÕVWULD RX WRUQ¼ ORV DGHTXDGRV SDUD D ,QGÕVWULD
8P GHVDƬR SDUWLFXODU VHU¼ D SUR WH¾R GD UHGH GD ,QGÕVWULD FRQWUD TXDOTXHU WLSR GH LQWHUYHQ¾R Q¾R DX WRUL]DGD $ƬQDO RV QRYRV FRQFHLWRV GH DXWRPD¾R VHU¾R FDUDWHUL]DGRV SRU XP QÕPHUR VLJQLƬFDWLYDPHQWH PDLRU GH LQ WHUDÂÐHV H WDPEÄP GH ORQJH SRU XP PDLRU FRQWUROR DXWÎQRPR GH HTXLSD PHQWRV GH IDEULFR H GH WURFD GH GDGRV 'H XP PRGR JHUDO D ,QGÕVWULD VÎ HQWUD HP D¾R XPD YH] TXH R SUÎSULR FRPSRQHQWH VDEH TXDLV RV GDGRV GH
86
:HLGP×OOHU s 6LVWHPDV GH ,QWHUIDFH 6 $ 7HO )D[ ZHLGPXOOHU#ZHLGPXOOHU SW ZZZ ZHLGPXOOHU SW
CASE STUDY
TXH QHFHVVLWD 2 REMHWLYR Ä GHVHQYRO YHU HVVHV DWÄ HQW¾R LQGLVSRQÈYHLV PÄ WRGRV H PHFDQLVPRV 2 VRIWZDUH H WHFQRORJLD GH FRPXQL FD¾R DVVXPHP XP SDSHO IXQGDPHQWDO QR PXQGR GD ,QGÕVWULD R KDUGZDUH PDLV WDUGH DSHQDV XPD LQWHUIDFH GH SURFHVVR VHU¼ DWXDOL]DGR FRP VRIWZD )LJXUD 2V VLVWHPDV GH SURGX¾R GH DPDQK¾ VHU¾R FDUDWHUL]DGRV SHOD VXD P¼[LPD ƮH[LELOLGDGH $
UH HP FRQVWDQWH HYROX¾R H DVVXPLU¼
FRQƬJXUD¾R GHVVDV P¼TXLQDV H GRV VLVWHPDV WHP GH VHU DOWDPHQWH YHUV¼WLO
WDUHIDV FRPSOHWDPHQWH GLIHUHQWHV $ FRPXQLFD¾R HQWUH WRGRV RV GLVSRVL
$V 7,& V¾R D SULQFLSDO IRUÂD PRWUL]
GÕVWULD QR HQWDQWR DEUH R FDPLQKR
WLYRV VLVWHPDV H VROXÂÐHV GH VRIWZDUH
SRU WU¼V GR GHVHQYROYLPHQWRV FRPR
SDUD VROXÂÐHV DWUDHQWHV D SLU½PLGH GH
HQYROYLGRV RFRUUH DWUDYÄV GD p,QWHUQHW
SDUWH GD WHQGÅQFLD GLULJLGD SDUD D
DXWRPD¾R FO¼VVLFD Ä VXEVWLWXÈGD SRU
RI WKLQJVq 6¾R QHFHVV¼ULDV 1RUPDV D
,QGÕVWULD 2 REMHWLYR GH GHVHQYROYL
XPD UHGH FRQVWLWXÈGD SRU Y¼ULRV FRP
HVWH UHVSHLWR VHJXQGR DV TXDLV RV VLV
PHQWR GD :HLGP×OOHU Ä OLJDU HVVDV WHF
SRQHQWHV LQWHOLJHQWHV TXH LQWHUDJHP H
WHPDV WHU¾R GH SURYDU VHU DGDSW¼YHLV H
QRORJLDV GH IRUPD VHQVDWD FRP FRP
FRPXQLFDP HQWUH VL GHQWUR GHVWD UHGH
FDSD]HV GH DSUHQGHU 2 PHVPR VH DSOL
SRQHQWHV H DSOLFDWLYRV GRV FOLHQWHV GH
(QTXDQWR DV LQVWDODÂÐHV GH SURGX
FD » VHJXUDQÂD PDQXWHQ¾R H DFHVVR
PRGR D FULDU VROXÂÐHV $ ,QGÕVWULD
¾R PRGHUQDV IDEULFDP WDQWDV SDUWHV
UHPRWR DRV VLVWHPDV
DLQGD HVW¼ QD VXD LQI½QFLD FRP GLYHUVDV
LJXDLV TXDQWR SRVVÈYHO H W¾R HƬFLHQWH
(VVHQFLDOPHQWH WUDWD VH GH SURGX
HPSUHVDV H LQVWLWXLÂÐHV GH SHVTXLVD D
PHQWH TXDQWR SRVVÈYHO DV QHFHVVLGD
¾R ƮH[ÈYHO s SRU RXWUDV SDODYUDV PR
WUDEDOKDU QXPD VÄULH GH FRQFHLWRV H HP
GHV LQGLYLGXDLV GH FDGD FOLHQWH FDGD YH]
GHORV PDLV YDULDGRV H PDLV SHUVRQDOL]D
EXVFD GH GLIHUHQWHV DPELÂÐHV 2 REMH
PDLV HVW¾R QR FHQWUR GR SDOFR &RPR
GRV HP PHQRV WHPSR 2V VLVWHPDV GH
WLYR GH ORQJR SUD]R Ä FULDU XPD HVWUXWX
SDUWH GD SURGX¾R DXWRPÎYHO FDGD
DXWRPD¾R GH DPDQK¾ SRUWDQWR Q¾R
UD GH DXWRPD¾R TXH FRP LQVWDODÂÐHV
FDUUR HVW¼ DJRUD D VHU IHLWR VRE PHGL
Y¾R VLPSOHVPHQWH DXPHQWDU D VXD SUR
GH SURGX¾R H[WUHPDPHQWH YHUV¼WHLV
GD s GH DFRUGR FRP RV UHTXLVLWRV GRV
GX¾R RX WRUQDU VH DLQGD PDLV HƬFLHQ
s UHVSRQGD GH IRUPD U¼SLGD VLPSOHV H
GLIHUHQWHV FOLHQWHV (VWD FRQƬJXUD¾R
WHV FHUFD GH HP YH] GH P¼
FRPSHWLWLYD »V QHFHVVLGDGHV GR FOLHQ
VHU¼ WDPEÄP SRVVÈYHO QR IXWXUR SDUD
TXLQDV GH FDIÄ SRU XQLGDGH GH WHPSR
WH 3DUD HVWH ƬP WRGRV RV FRPSRQHQ
PXLWRV RXWURV SURGXWRV
SRU H[HPSOR PDV DV P¼TXLQDV GH FDIÄ
WHV HVW¾R OLJDGRV DWUDYÄV GH XPD UHGH
$V H[LJÅQFLDV FRORFDGDV DFHUFD GD
WDPEÄP VHU¾R IDEULFDGDV FRP HVSHFLƬ
QD TXDO FRPXQLFDP XQV FRP RV RXWURV
ƮH[LELOLGDGH GR VLVWHPD GH SURGX¾R
FDÂÐHV PDLV SHUVRQDOL]DGDV QXPD ÕQLFD
LVWR DSOLFD VH HVSHFLDOPHQWH D WRGRV RV
HVW¾R D DXPHQWDU H[SRQHQFLDOPHQWH
I¼EULFD 2XWUR H[HPSOR SRVVÈYHO Ä XPD
FRPSRQHQWHV HOHWUÎQLFRV HQYROYLGRV
GDQGR RULJHP » QHFHVVLGDGH GH FRQ
RƬFLQD GH SLQWXUD TXH HQYLD FHUFD GH
QR SURFHVVR GH DXWRPD¾R
ƬJXUDÂÐHV PDLV YHUV¼WHLV 1R IXWXUR
GR]H GLIHUHQWHV WLSRV GH WLQWD DWUDYÄV
6H XPD XQLGDGH GH SURGX¾R QR
R FRQWUROR Q¾R VHU¼ PDLV GH FLPD SDUD
GDV LQVWDODÂÐHV 6H LVVR IRVVH SRVVÈYHO
IXWXUR HVWDU¼ QR IXWXUR D IDEULFDU SH
EDL[R PDV DV PDWÄULDV SULPDV UHFH
WUDGX]LU VH LD QXPD YDQWDJHP FRPSHWL
ÂDV HP VÄULH HP SHTXHQD HVFDOD DWÄ
EHU¾R GHVGH ORJR LQIRUPDÂÐHV VREUH
WLYD IRUPLG¼YHO FRPR SDUWH GD RULHQWD
PHVPR SDUD XP WDPDQKR GH ORWH GH
TXDLV DV GLIHUHQWHV HWDSDV GH SURGX¾R
¾R PDLV ƮH[ÈYHO SDUD R FOLHQWH
XPD SHÂD GH DFRUGR FRP DV H[LJÅQFLDV
TXH Y¾R SDVVDU DWÄ TXH QR ƬQDO XP
$ :HLGP×OOHU HVW¼ D WUDEDOKDU QD
HVSHFÈƬFDV GR FOLHQWH Q¾R Ä DLQGD FODUR
SURGXWR SHUVRQDOL]DGR HVWHMD SURQWR
TXHVW¾R GH FRPR LQWHJUDU SURGXWRV
QR SUHVHQWH 2 FRQFHLWR E¼VLFR GD ,Q
SDUD HQWUHJD
QRYRV RX M¼ H[LVWHQWHV QR PXQGR GD ,Q