Scientific Justification of Rational Feeding of Black-White and Holstein Cows by CentralAsianStudies

CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | Sep-Oct 2022 ISSN: 2660-4159 http://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org

Scientific Justification of Rational Feeding of Black-White and Holstein Cows 1. Erimbetova Jadira Bazarbaevna 2. Toreshova Amina Ubbiniyazovna

Received 7th Aug 2022, Accepted 6th Sep 2022, Online 8th Oct 2022

Abstract: This article discusses the exteriorconstitutional, herd regeneration, and summer and winter ration analyses of Black-White and Holstein cows. Key words: Breed, herd, constitution, exterior, lactation, ration, hay, haylage, silage, straw, barda.

Tashkent State Agrarian University

Samarkand State Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology University, Nukus branch Relevance of the topic. The majority of farmers and private auxiliary farms in our republic produce black and white cattle, as well as their hybrids with Holsteins and purebred Holsteins. In terms of distribution, the black and white breed comes in first, and on breeding farms across our country, they have been bred with Holstein bulls for many years, resulting in a variety of joint hybrid herds. It's important to research the productivity indicators of the first calving cows when getting Black and White and Holstein heifers ready for calving. There hasn't been enough research done on the feeding and care of these cattle in the breeding farm, as well as helpful signals for the farm, particularly their milk output, milk quality, and morphofunctional traits of the udder. It is urgent to research how Uzbek Black and Holstein cows respond to feeds made from local feeds, storage techniques, exterior-constitutional, herd regeneration traits (fertility), milk yield, milk quality, suitability of udders for machine milking, response to feeds with milk, and economic efficiency is taken into account. The purpose and objectives of the research. The study's goal is to investigate how farm circumstances affect the positive traits of the Black-White and Holstein breeds, as well as production, offspring, and economic efficiency measures. The research's objective is to: Comparative study of Black-White and Holstein cows' summer and winter feeds;

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Copyright (c) 2022 Author (s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

CAJMNS

Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | Sep-Oct 2022

Scientific news. The Black-White and Holstein breeds' first calving cows' bodies were examined, along with relevant farm indications, milk production, and economic effectiveness. Practical significance. Imported Black-White and Holstein cows are organized for feeding and storage, guaranteeing the production of low-cost, high-quality milk. There are 350 cattle on the property, including 70 Chinese Holsteins. 130 heads, or 37.1%, of the herd are cows. The restoration of the herd is accelerated and chances for continued improvement of the breed and productivity traits of cattle are provided by bringing this indicator to 50% or capturing 150 cows on the farm. To achieve this, female calves, carcasses, and heifers must be extensively raised until they weigh 360–380 kg at 16–18 months and give birth to intensively grown heifers at 25–27 months. Young cattle in the herd should be converted to cows as heifers at the proper age, and breeding bulls should be sold to other farms when they are 13–14 months old and weigh 450–500 kg. Cattle that don't meet the requirements should be intensively grown (with fat gain of 800-1000 g per day) and turned into meat when they are 18 months old and weigh 450–500 kg. The aforementioned needs must be fully satisfied by now, thus newborn calves must be given milk (250–350 kg), and calves up to 6 months old must be reared using sophisticated feeding plans in order to attain a weight of 160–180 kg by that time. Calves should be raised aggressively and given a complete diet of nutrient-rich, physiologically active substances to achieve this. The male calves should be divided into groups for breeding and meat after six months of age, and the female calves should be divided into groups for breeding (to replenish their own herd) and for sale to other farms. Breeding bulls must weigh 450–500 kg at the age of 13–14 months. During this time, all required zootechnical and veterinary sale paperwork must be completed, and bulls must be sold at auction for a fair price. Evaluation of the carcasses designated for breeding at intervals of six, nine, twelve, fifteen, and eighteen months, classification of the columns according to origin, exterior constitution, and live weight, insemination at the age of sixteen to eighteen months, and cash sale of the remaining carcasses to farmer and peasant farms. need After birth, the carcasses that don't fulfill the economic indications might be sold at 6 or 12 months old while taking the available food supplies into consideration. Economically speaking, Bull must be trained to be fed for a lengthy period of time, up to 18–20 months, or if there are insufficient feed reserves, they can be sold to amateur fatteners for cash at 6–12 months. It is essential to plan actions to get heifers ready for future pregnancies. In other words, giving heifers balanced diets (85% volume, 15% fodder) and massaging their udders between the seventh and ninth month after calving results in 1-calf cows that are well-suited to both hand- and machine-milking. The farrowing ward receives heifers 10 days before to calving. Cows who have just given birth are subjected to organizational and zootechnical treatments from 15 to 100 days in order to boost their milk production. Because of this, the cows with the highest milk production and technological traits are kept on the farm, while those that don't can be sold to other commodities farms without having to wait till lactation is through. The farm features a feed shop, artificial insemination station, veterinary clinic, scale (truck), debarrier, debarrier, sanitary transfer area, administrative rooms, and all production in addition to three cow sheds, two calf sheds, sheds (old style), silage and hay ditches, and a feed store. Process organization opportunities exist.

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CAJMNS

Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | Sep-Oct 2022

Cows are raised either naturally or on pastures. In other words, cows are tied when being milked (and fed), while the rest of the time, they are in meadows and consume large amounts of grain through mangers that have been installed nearby. Water troughs installed on the playgrounds are used for irrigation, and they are continuously refilled with clean water. Unfortunately, food is given three to four times a day using machines rather than by hand. Each milker has between 15 and 20 cows, and milking is done by hand. Traditional methods are used to prepare cows for milking; no milking of leftover milk in the manger is done. The milk output of cows was positively impacted by pre-milking massage as well. Ten days before to calving, heifers are moved from terraced pastures where they were maintained in groups and fed different rations to the maternity unit. Cows give birth in boxes (2 x 3 x 2) and are left with their newborn calves for two to three days (so they may be given colostrum), after which they are moved to prophylactics and fed mother's milk for ten to fifteen days. Each calf consumes 220-250 kg of skim milk while it is being raised. After receiving skimmed milk for two months, calves are subsequently fed mostly with bulk and small amounts of grain in accordance with the feeding scheme, which results in the development of animals with an efficient digestive system. Male and female calves are separated and maintained in groups after six months. Their primary source of nourishment is from plants. Cows are fed winter and summer meals that take into account their live weight and daily milk production and fat content of milk are taken into account. The summer ration is made up of legumes and green grasses, whereas the winter ration is made up of hay, hay, silage, straw, hay, and fodder. Although there is a feed shop on the property, part of the equipment is inoperative. On the farm, you can convert to a single kind of feed that is good for the animals and is thought to be economically efficient if you engage in sexual activity. The farm gives growing fodder considerable care. There are 107 hectares of cultivated land on the farm, all of which are used to grow food.:  corn -5 hectares  old alfalfa -45 hectares  intercrop -40 hectars  fresh alfalfa -12 hectares The farm employs cutting-edge technologies for cultivating nutrient-dense crops. As a consequence of the prompt application of agrotechnical measures including fertilizing, cultivating, and controlling insects and pests, high output is attained. Alfalfa is harmed or chipped in the spring and fertilized with phosphoric and potassium to produce 100–120 tons of dry weight (hay). On the farm, intermediate crops (rapeseed, oats, barley, rye, and chickpeas) receive the majority of the attention, ensuring the production of an abundance of high-quality, low-cost feed. As a result of agrotechnical measures, they are planted in the early fall and harvested from the end of April for green grass and from May 10-15 for hay. In their place, repeated corn is planted and is intensively grown (using 300–500 kg of nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilizers) at the end of September and the start of October. For each hectare of land harvested for silage, 500–550 centners of harvest are guaranteed.

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CAJMNS

Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | Sep-Oct 2022

As a consequence, 120–150 centners of food units are provided for every hectare of land, mostly feeding farm animals. The grain of mixed fodder with maize and corn is crushed into 3-5 cm long pieces and driven into the trenches with heavy chain tractors until there is no air remaining, which happens at the silage farm when the grain curdles (at 65-70 percent humidity). Following the pit's filling, it is covered with a polyethylene film, followed by 30–40 cm of dirt that has been dusted with food scraps. When the humidity is between 45 and 55 percent, hay alfalfa and mixed sedges are harvested at the time of budding and allowed to wither for 0.5 to 1 days before being crushed and pressed into a pit, covered with polyethylene film and soil to complete the covering, and protected from moisture and freezing. By expanding farmland as much as possible and introducing new, high-yielding fodder crops and kinds, more fodder may be produced. Conclusion. Cows will produce enough milk if they are fed forages found on the farm and more than 20% nutritive forage. References 1. www.komovbvor.ru 2. www.biblus.ru 3. www.jivotnostvo.ru 4. www.yellouvpades.com

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