• • • • • •
• • • • • Textbook Workbook Grammar Cd Teacher’s Book Eget nettsted http://newflight.cappelen.no
New Flight Extra
Textbook Workbook Cd Teacher’s Book Eget nettsted http://newflightextra.cappelen.no
textbook
ISBN 978-82-02-25130-7
9 788202 251307
www.cappelen.no
NEW FLIGHT 2 EXTRA
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Bromseth/Wigdahl
Cappelens engelskverk for ungdomstrinnet
Berit Haugnes Bromseth • Lisbeth Wigdahl
New FLIGHT 2 extra TEXTBOOK
© J.W. Cappelens Forlag AS, Oslo 2006 Materialet i denne publikasjonen er omfattet av åndsverklovens bestemmelser. Uten særskilt avtale med Cappelen Damm AS er enhver eksemplarframstilling og tilgjengeliggjøring bare tillatt i den utstrekning det er hjemlet i lov eller tillatt gjennom avtale med Kopinor, interesseorgan for rettighetshavere til åndsverk. Utnyttelse i strid med lov eller avtale kan medføre erstatningsansvar og inndragning, og kan straffes med bøter eller fengsel. New Flight 1–3 følger læreplanene for Kunnskapsløftet i faget engelsk og er laget til bruk på grunnskolens ungdomstrinn. Læremiddelet er utviklet med økonomisk støtte fra Utdanningsdirektoratet. Grafisk formgiver: Mette Lund Damsleth Omslagsdesign: Séan Brewer Omslagsbilde: Scanpix Illustratør: Cecilie Okada Bilderedaktør: Una Thoresen Dimola Forlagsredaktør: Hege Rødahl Sats: Ellipse AS Repro: RenessanseMedia AS Trykk/innbinding: Livoniaprint, Latvia 2011 Utgave 1 Opplag 3 ISBN 978-82-02-25130-7 www.cdu.no http://newflightextra.cappelen.no
CONTENTS p. 7
Chapter 1 When school’s out
A-text: Dennis trades a stamp p. 10 B-text: No mon’, no fun? p. 13 C-text: Chatting with “Mr Vallleyguy” p. 18
p. 23
Chapter 2 Native people
A-text: The beginning p. 26 B-text: A winter in the valley p. 29 C-text: There is more inside us than you people understand p. 33 D-text: People of the land p. 37
p. 41
Chapter 3 Sports
A-text: Mail from the USA p. 44 B-text: The big race p. 47 C-text: Football rules p. 50 D-text: Signing up for Manchester United p. 53
p. 59
Chapter 4 People on the move
A-text: The border of hope p. 62 B-text: From rags to riches? p. 66 C-text: Land of Hope and Glory p. 69 D-text: Jorvik, home of the Vikings p. 72
p. 75
Chapter 5 Is there anybody out there?
A-text: People of the third planet p. 78 B-text: Close encounters? Cuttings from the press p. 81 C-text: What’s your star sign, dear? p. 86 D-text: The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy p. 90
p. 95
Chapter 6 That’s entertainment!
A-text: The sugar and spice of your life p. 98 B-text: Goon’s big night p. 101 C-text: Harry Houdini – master of escape p. 107 D-text: How to tell good guys from bad guys p. 109
p. 115
Chapter 7 Fight for your rights!
A-text: The suffragette movement p. 118 B-text: If you miss me at the back of the bus… p. 121 C-text: I have a dream p. 125 D-text: Nelson Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom p. 128
p. 133
Chapter 8 Here and there in the USA
A-text: The perfect vacation p. 136 B-text: Surfin’ USA p. 140 C-text: Living in the past p. 145 D-text: The USA – land of fantastic names p. 149 Wordlist p. 153
Velkommen til New Flight 2 Extra! I denne leseboka i engelsk vil du finne lesestykker, vitser, dikt, sanger og mye mer. Boka har åtte kapitler, og hvert av disse kapitlene har et bestemt tema: fritid, sport, urbefolkning, USA og andre temaer. Kanskje du vil arbeide med noen av disse temaene i andre fag også, for eksempel i norsk, geografi eller samfunnskunnskap. De fleste kapitlene har fire tekster merket A, B, C og D. Kanskje du syns noen av dem er litt vanskelige, men det er ikke nødvendig å lese alle tekstene like nøye. I noen er det nok å forstå det viktigste innholdet, og noen kan selvsagt sløyfes helt. Foran hvert kapittel står det litt om hva kapitlet inneholder og hva du vil lære om i dette kapitlet under overskriftene Kultur og Litteratur. Kultur betyr at du vil lære forskjellige ting om livet i engelsktalende land, for eksempel om innvandringen til USA, kampen for rettigheter, fotballens historie osv. Denne boka handler både om Storbritannia, USA, Sør-Afrika og andre engelsktalende land. Litteratur betyr de forskjellige sjangrene eller typer litteratur du vil finne i hvert kapittel. Du vil for eksempel finne en e-post, en novelle, en artikkel og andre sjangre i kapittel 3. Boka har mange bilder som er fine å se på, men de kan også være nyttige å bruke når en skal snakke sammen om et emne. Til hvert stykke står det gloser i margen og bakerst i boka er det et alfabetisk glossar. Det kan også være lurt å ha en ordbok å slå opp i. Håper du får et hyggelig og lærerikt skoleår med New Flight 2 Extra!
5
Velkomen til New Flight 2 Extra! I denne leseboka i engelsk vil du finne lesestykke, vitsar, songar og mykje meir. Boka har åtte kapittel. Kvart av desse kapitla har eit eige tema: fritid, sport, urfolk, USA og andre tema. Kanskje du vil arbeide med slike tema i andre fag òg, for eksempel i norsk, geografi eller samfunnskunnskap. Dei fleste kapitla har fire tekstar, merkte A, B, C og D. Kanskje tykkjer du nokre av dei er litt vanskelege, men ein treng ikkje alltid lese alle tekstane like nøye. I nokre av dei er det nok å forstå innhaldet, og nokre kan sjølvsagt sløyfast heilt. Framfor kvart kapittel står overskriftene Kultur og Litteratur. Med Kultur meiner vi forskjellige ting om livet i land der dei taler engelsk, for eksempel om innvandringa til USA, kampen for rettar, fotballen si historie osv. Denne boka handlar både om Storbritannia, USA, Sør-Afrika og andre engelsktalande land. Med Litteratur meiner vi dei forskjellige sjangrane eller typar litteratur du vil finne i kvart kapittel. Du vil for eksempel finne ein e-post, ei novelle, ein artikkel og andre sjangrar i kapittel 3. Boka har mange bilete som er fine å sjå på, men dei kan også vere nyttige å bruke når ein skal snakke saman om eit emne. Til kvart stykke står det gloser i margen, og bak i boka er det eit alfabetisk glossar. Det kan òg vere lurt å ha ei ordbok å slå opp i. Håper du får eit hyggeleg og lærerikt skoleår med New Flight 2 Extra!
6
Chapter
1
When school’s out
I dette kapitlet: Kultur
Litteratur
• Fritidsaktiviteter / aktivitetar i Storbritannia og USA
• • • • • •
Samtale Intervjuer / Intervju Utdrag fra/frå ungdomsroman Dikt Sang / Song Vitser / Vitsar
Let’s talk! Look at these pictures. What are the young people doing? What do you like to do in the afternoons and evenings? What is fun to do at weekends?
A
Dennis trades a stamp Nancy, who is ten, has a fourteen year-old brother, Dennis. Nancy comes running into Dennis’s room. Nancy: Can you help me with this homework, Dennis? It’s impossible! Dennis: Don’t you know how to knock before you come in? And no, I can’t help you. I’m busy! Nancy: Oh, are you playing with your stamp collection again? That is stupid! Dennis: It is not stupid! Lots of people collect stamps. They can be valuable, too. Some stamps are worth thousands of dollars. I think I have got a valuable stamp right now. Nancy: Really? Dennis: Yes, I traded it with Bobby yesterday. Usually, it says NORGE on stamps from Norway, but this one says NOREG. It must be a misprint. Nancy: What do you think it is worth? Dennis: I don’t know, but I am going to ask Cindy’s mother. She is a real expert on stamps.
homework – hjemmelekse/ heimelekse knock – banke på a stamp – et/eit frimerke a collection – ei samling valuable – verdifull/verdfull trade – bytte usually – vanligvis/vanlegvis a misprint – en/ein trykkfeil a let-down – en skuffelse / eit vonbrot with pleasure – med glede
10
(Later) Nancy: Dennis: Nancy: Dennis:
Well, how did it go? How did what go? You know, the stamp? What was it worth? Well, it wasn’t a misprint, so the stamp wasn’t so valuable after all. Nancy: Ha ha, what a let-down! Why don’t you give up those stupid stamps and start collecting pictures of pop stars instead? Dennis: Why don’t you just shut up and get out of my room? Nancy: With pleasure!
Chapter 1
Let’s talk! 1 2 3 4 5
How old are Nancy and Dennis? What does Dennis collect? How did he get the stamp from Norway? Why did he think it was valuable? What other things can people collect? Are you a collector?
Work with words Find a word in the text that means: a b c d e
school work that you do at home something that you cannot do is … you put it on a letter before you send it something worth a lot of money is … a person who knows a lot about something
Did you know that • • •
12
people started collecting stamps about 1840? there are more than 100 million stamp collectors? to begin with, collecting stamps meant collecting as many stamps as you could? Some people even used them as wallpaper!
Chapter 1
For many people it is important to have a lot of money and things. They buy nice clothes, cars, houses and vacations. Do teenagers spend a lot of money, too? We have asked two British and two American teenagers what they do in their spare time and how much money they spend.
B
No mon’, no fun? Joanna (15) Well, I spend quite a lot of money. I like to go to the shopping centre in Birmingham with my friends to shop and look for clothes. We often have a coke or a pizza there, too. I also go to the cinema, and I buy CDs and magazines. I suppose I should be more careful with my money.
13
Albert (15) I don’t need so much money. I get 10 pounds from my parents every week, and I use it on CDs and computer magazines. My parents pay for my judo classes. Other things I do are free. I like to walk my dog, hang out with my friends or play computer games. I often sit in my room and read, or listen to music.
Marcie (16) I drive a lot. I don’t have my own car but I can borrow Mom’s car if I pay for the gas myself. I also use money on movies and bowling. In the weekends I work as a waitress, and I do some yard work at home. When I have some spare time I like to spend what I earn.
Norman (15) The things I like to do in my spare time don’t cost much. My friends and I have a good time on our skateboards, or we play basketball. I go to basketball games but that’s the only thing I spend money on. Sometimes I babysit for my sister. I can bring a friend, and then we watch TV or DVDs.
spend money – bruke penger/pengar a vacation – en/ein ferie a shopping centre – et/eit kjøpesenter hang out with – være sammen med / vere saman med a magazine – et ukeblad / eit vekeblad babysit – sitte/sitje barnevakt borrow – låne a movie – en/ein kinofilm gas (AmE) – bensin yardwork (AmE) – hagearbeid
Let’s talk! 1 Mention some of the things the teenagers do in their spare time. 2 How do they get the money? 3 Which of them do you think has the most interesting spare time? Why do you think so? 4 What do you do in your spare time that is a) free? b) costs money?
Work with words Make sentences of your own where you use these words: a vacation b shopping centre c hang out with d babysit e watch TV f borrow
When school‘s out
15
Not only young people do fun things in their spare time:
Gran, Can You Rap? Gran was in her chair she was taking a nap when I tapped her on the shoulder to see if she could rap. Gran, can you rap? Can you rap? Can you, Gran? And she opened one eye and said to me, man, I’m the best rapping Gran this world’s ever seen I’m a tip-top, slip-slap, rap-rap queen. And she rose from her chair in the corner of the room and she started to rap with a bim-bam-boom, and she rolled up her eyes and she rolled round her head and as she rolled by this is what she said, I’m the best rapping Gran this world’s ever seen I’m a nip-nap, yip-yap, rap-rap queen. Then she rapped past my dad and she rapped past my mother, she rapped past me and my little baby brother. She rapped her arms narrow and she rapped her arms wide, she rapped through the door and she rapped outside. She’s the best rapping Gran this world’s ever seen she’s a drip-drop, trip-trap, rap-rap queen. She rapped down the garden she rapped down the street, the neighbours all cheered and they tapped their feet. She rapped through the traffic lights as they turned red as she rapped round the corner this is what she said, I’m the best rapping Gran this world’s ever seen I’m a flip-flop, hip-hop, rap-rap queen.
16
Chapter 1
She rapped down the lane she rapped up the hill, and as she disappeared she was rapping still. I could hear Gran’s voice saying, Listen, man, listen to the rapping of the rap-rap Gran. I’m the best rapping Gran this world’s ever seen I’m a – tip-top, slip-slap, nip-nap, yip-yap, hip-hop, trip-trap, touch yer cap, take a nap, happy, happy, happy, happy, happy, rap – rap – queen. Jack Ousbey
take a nap – ta en/ein lur past – forbi narrow – smal, trang/trong a lane – en smal vei/ ein smal veg a hill – en/ein bakke
When school‘s out
17
C
Many young people make on-line friends at home on their computers. Of course, this can be a nice hobby, but sometimes chatting with strangers can be dangerous. The American girl Katie Tarbox was 13 when she met someone in a teen chat room. Here is how she started
Chatting with “Mr Vallleyguy” Vallleyguy: Atarbox: Vallleyguy: Atarbox: Vallleyguy: Atarbox: Vallleyguy: Atarbox: Vallleyguy:
Atarbox: Vallleyguy: Atarbox: Vallleyguy: Atarbox: Vallleyguy: Atarbox: Vallleyguy: […] Atarbox: Vallleyguy:
18
Chapter 1
Hi. Age/sex? I asked. How old is the oldest person you will speak to on-line? 27 That’s good, because I’m only 23. What is your age/sex? 13/f Do you have any interests? I am a swimmer and I play the piano. I live in New Canaan, Connecticut. I live in a valley outside of Los Angeles. I am pretty rich. I have sexy green eyes. Girls love to look into them. What do you look like? I have blue eyes, blonde hair, and I am short … What kind of music do you like? Well, almost all types. And you? I love everything too. I have played the piano for 9 years so I like classical. Lol! (laughing out loud) Me too!!! But I especially like Mozart. Do you like going to concerts? Do you go out on dates? Not really. I don’t have time. I love going to concerts. I just saw REM, and I love to go at least once a month. By the way, I am Katie. Nice to meet you Katie, Mark here.
Well maybe I will talk to you again some time. I really liked talking to you. You’re very smart. Maybe I can call you from Florida. Can I have your phone number?
dangerous – farlig/farleg sex – kjønn a valley – en/ein dal classical – klassisk especially – spesielt agree to – gå med på afterwards – etterpå
When school‘s out
19
Atarbox: Vallleyguy: Atarbox:
It’s (203) 555 – 1234. Okay, bye Katie! Bye.
Katherine Tarbox
After six months Katie thought she was in love with Mark. She agreed to meet him at a hotel. She was shocked to find that “Mark” was a 41 year-old man who wanted to have sex with her. In the book “Katie.com”, Katie writes about this and the problems she had afterwards.
Let’s talk! 1 What was Katie’s screen name? 2 How old did Mark tell Katie he was? 3 What else did he tell her about himself? 4 What did Katie find out when she met Mark? 5 What do you think about chatting on the computer?
Work with words Find a word in the text that means the opposite of: a safe b stopped c bad d poor e hate f stupid
20
Chapter 1
The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin’ Groovy) Slow down, you move too fast. You got to make the morning last. Just kickin’ down the cobble stones, lookin’ for fun and feelin’ groovy. Hello lamp post, whatcha knowin’? I’ve come to watch your flowers growin’. Ain’tcha got no rhymes for me? Doot-in doo-doo, feelin’ Groovy. Got no deeds to do, no promises to keep. I’m dappled and drowsy and ready to sleep. Let the morning time drop all its petals on me. Life, I love you, All is groovy. Paul Simon
Words and Music by Paul Simon © 1966, 1967 Paul Simon (BMI). International Copyright Secured. All rights reserved Reprinted by Permission. Trykt med tillatelse av Edition Wilhelm Hansen AS, København
When school‘s out
21
– What’s on the TV tonight? – Some plastic flowers and a picture of the dog, same as always.
Woman to boy on diving board: – Don’t jump! There’s no water in the pool! – That’s OK. I can’t swim anyway!
A boy was helping his grandfather dig potatoes. After a while he felt tired. – Grandpa, he said – why did you bury them in the first place? Man to another man, who is fishing: – Have you caught anything? – Oh yes. – What? – A cold.
– Golf, golf, golf, said the angry husband to his wife – that’s all you ever think of. I think I’d drop dead if you spent an afternoon at home! – Oh no, you can’t bribe me like that!
A little girl was watching ballet with her father, and was amazed that everybody danced on their toes. – Daddy, she said – why couldn’t they just use taller people?
22
Chapter 1
Chapter
2
Native people
I dette kapitlet: Kultur
Litteratur
• Indianerne i NordAmerika / Indianarane i Nord-Amerika • Inuittene / Inuittane • Aboriginerne / Aboriginarane • Maoriene / Maoriane
• Legende • Utdrag fra romaner / Utdrag frå romanar • Artikkel • Dikt
The Inuit are a people who live near the Arctic. Many of them live in Canada. a people – et folkeslag / ei folkegruppe
The Native American people probably came from Asia. This was about 35,000 years ago. There are many different tribes of Native Americans. a Native American tribe – en/ei indianerstamme
Let’s talk! What do you know about these native peoples?
24
Chapter 2
The Aboriginals live in Australia. They came from South-east Asia more than 60,000 years ago. “Aboriginal” means “from the beginning”.
The Maoris live in New Zealand. They came from Polynesia around year 1000.
A
The beginning A long, long time ago there were no people who cried and talked. There was only the land and the animals. One day new sounds could be heard in nature. “Fly little bird,” an old tree said, “and find out what is going on.” The bird flew up above the trees. From there it could see many figures that moved very slowly. They stayed close together. The little bird flew back to tell the others what it had seen. After a while the figures came closer. Now the animals and the trees saw that they were walking on only two legs. Who could they be? They were the first people that came to this area. They had walked a long way and were very tired. Now they had found a good place to live. They never killed more animals than they needed. They took good care of the plants and trees. They never thought they owned the land. All over the world people have once settled down for the first time. The descendants of the first people that settled down in an area are today called “indigenous peoples”.
above – over a figure – en skikkelse / ein skapnad an area – et/eit område take care of – ta vare på own – eie/eige settle down – slå seg ned descendants – etterkommere/etterkommarar indigenous peoples – urbefolkninger/urfolk
26
Chapter 2
Let’s talk! 1 How did the people in this text feel when they came to the area? 2 Some indigenous peoples are presented on pp. 24–25, but there are many more. Do you know of any others?
Work with words 1 Pick out all the “nature words” you can find in this text. 2 Explain these words in English: a a bird b a tree c tired
Native people
27
Beginnings In the beginning was one. Crouched in a cave where bats first hung, where webs were first woven, dreams first spun, crouched one, alone. And then one day into the gloom another came; the fire was lit the cave was warmed, the howl of the wind became a song and two were one.
28
Chapter 2
Soon winter passed, and into the sun from the dark of the cave one summer dawn crept three: the third was a child in arms, the three were a family, newborn. Judith Nicholls
crouch – krype sammen/saman a cave – en hule / ei hole a bat – en/ei flaggermus web – spindelvev gloom – halvmørke
Soun Tetoken was a young Native American boy. He grew up in the 1870s as a member of the Nez Perce tribe. He was proud of his people, their history and their lives. Best of all, he liked to hear the old people tell stories in the long winter nights.
B
A winter in the valley That winter they had lots of dried meat and smoked fish. There were plenty of roots, berries, fruits and nuts stored in baskets. They had worked hard in the spring and summer. Now they had enough food to last the whole winter. In the winter the men went hunting. They also made arrows and spear points from hard rocks. The women made baskets, cooked food and sewed clothes from animal skin. They also made jewelry. Darkness came early and winter nights were long. There was plenty of time for stories around the fires. The children loved to hear their favorite stories over and over again. Soun’s favorite story was the legend that told where people came from. It was about a huge monster that had come out of the sea to eat all the animals of the land. But the Coyote was a smart animal. He killed the great beast.
Native people
29
The Fox had watched the battle. Coyote could not decide what to do with the monster’s body, but Fox said, “Cut up the whole body and make people from it.” So from the head of the monster came the Flathead Indians. From the feet came the Blackfoot people, and from each part of the body came a different Indian nation. In the end only the heart was left. Coyote lifted it high above the ground. More people came out from the blood. These people were taller, stronger, kinder and wiser than all the others. These were the Nez Perce people. Kenneth Thomasma (adapted)
Let’s talk! 1 The Nez Perce nation is a Native American tribe. Do you know the names of any others? 2 What did the tribe do to get food for the winter? 3 What did they do when it was winter? 4 What part of the monster did the story say the Nez Perce people come from?
Work with words 1 What words are described here? a a time of the year between autumn and spring b a weapon that is used together with a bow c a part of your body where your ears are d a part of your body where your toes are 2 What can you see, feel and hear on a winter morning?
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proud – stolt a valley – en/ein dal meat – kjøtt a basket – en kurv / ei korg the spring - våren an arrow – en/ei pil a rock – en/ein stein jewelry (AmE staving) – smykker/smykke a coyote – en/ein prærieulv a fox – en/ein rev
Expressions of Native American origin: – to bury the hatchet – to go on the war path – to smoke a peace pipe a hatchet – en liten øks / ei lita øks brukt i kamp a path – en/ein sti
Native words of wisdom • Treat the Earth well. It was not given to you by your parents, it was loaned to you by your children. • When you leave the camp in the morning, clean up all rubbish, burn or bury it. Do not go about polluting the land or destroying its beauty. • If a man has more than he needs for himself and his family, he should call the people together and distribute his surplus to those that have need. • Every man must treat with respect all such things that are sacred to other people whether he understands them or not.
pollute – forurense/forureine destroy – ødelegge/øydeleggje distribute – fordele surplus – overskudd/overskot sacred – hellig/heilag whether – om, selv om / sjølv om
Let’s talk! The Native Americans were wise people. They also loved nature. You have just read some rules that their chiefs made. Can we learn something from them?
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In Canada there are about 25,000 Inuit. Most of them live in the northern parts of the country. The name Inuit means “the people” or “real people”. The Inuit people live in cold places. They live from what they can find in nature: fish, seals, walruses, whales, polar bears and smaller animals that live on land. This Inuit song has been translated into English. It tells us how difficult it can be to find food:
Hunger Fear hung over me. I dared not try to hold out in my hut. Hungry and chilled, I stumbled inland, tripping, falling constantly. At Little Musk Ox Lake the trout made fun of me; they wouldn’t bite. On I crawled, and reached the Young Man’s River where I had caught salmon once. I prayed for fish or reindeer swimming in the lake. My thought reeled into nothingness like run-out fishing line. Anonymous Eskimo song, Canada
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hunger – sult/svolt fear – frykt chilled – kald stumble, trip – snuble a trout – en ørret / ein aure a salmon – en/ein laks reel – snurre
Top fashion model Tracey and her photographer have had an accident in the Australian desert. They are saved by an Aboriginal tribe. Paul is one of the Aboriginal people. The next day he takes Tracey for a walk around the camp. They start to talk and Tracey wants to know more about Paul.
C
There is more inside us than you people understand “Have you always lived here?” “No, my parents moved to Sydney before I was born. In those days lots of our people were fascinated by the big city. I went to a white school and learnt lots of useless stuff. I didn’t like going to school very much. I just didn’t fit in.” “What happened after school?” “After school I had lots of low-paid jobs. It wasn’t a very good time for me, Tracey. I started drinking heavily. Alcohol is a big problem for my people. It’s the white man’s secret weapon. Anyway, one morning I woke up on the beach. I was bloody, beaten and naked. I looked over the ocean. It sounds crazy, but I heard this voice calling me. The voice told me to clean up and go home where I belonged.” “How long have your people been in Australia, Paul?” “My people have been here in Australia for about a hundred thousand years. For tens of thousands of years we lived in perfect harmony and balance with nature. We know a lot about nature. We have an old culture. Our culture isn’t based on owning things like yours is. Your God is money. What we really value is wisdom and knowledge. Did you know we have the oldest stories in the world? We understood this planet, nature and the universe long before the pyramids or your cities were built. You white people travel into space in rockets. But I know an old man who travels through space and time using his mind.
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“And do you believe him, Paul?” “We have had tens of thousands of years to explore our minds. There is more inside us than you people understand. You think you know everything, but you don’t. You’re only just beginning to ask the right questions. I hope it’s not too late for you.” Linda Blake (adapted)
an accident – ei ulykke a desert – en/ein ørken save – redde useless – unyttig fit in – passe inn beaten – forslått belong – høre hjemme / høyre heime value – sette pris på / setje pris på knowledge – kunnskap a mind – en/ein hjerne explore – utforske
Let’s talk! 1 What had Paul’s life been like in Sydney? 2 What does the text tell you about the Aboriginals? 3 What does Paul think about the “white man” and life in the “white world”?
Work with words 1 What words from the text are described here? a a very dry area b a sandy area by the water c a very, very big area of water 2 The words in question 1 are nature words. Can you describe some city words in the same way?
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The Aboriginals did not have a written language. The tribes spoke around 200 different languages. To be able to understand each other, they made a sign language that everybody could understand. The Native Americans did the same thing. On rocks and in caves you can find paintings that Aboriginals made a long, long time ago. Here are some of them:
Bama – people
Bingan – footprints
Jabu – holy place
Gara – centipede centipede – tusenbein
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The Maori people came to New Zealand around one thousand years ago. The first thing they saw were long, low clouds on the horizon. They decided to call their new homeland Aotearoa. This means The land of the long white cloud.
D
People of the land The Maoris are the indigenous people of New Zealand. They came across the sea from Polynesia in wooden canoes. The first Maoris lived from what they could find in nature: fish, animals, plants and berries. From Polynesia they had taken with them a sweet potato called kumara. They could grow kumara in their new country too. They had also brought their own culture. They had lots of stories, songs and dances and they were clever artists and woodcarvers.
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An important part of their culture was tattooing. To get a tattoo was a painful thing. They made deep cuts in the skin and put colours into the wound. If you were tattooed in the face, you would have problems eating and drinking for some time. But it was important to have tattoos. Maoris without tattoos were looked down upon. Many things in the Maori society were tapu. This means they were sacred. Ordinary people could not touch them. Special people were also tapu, like the chief, the priest and the tattoo master. If you broke the tapu, the gods would be very angry and you could die. The Maori tribes were often at war with each other. Before the warriors left their tribe to go into battle, they used to dance a special dance. They rolled their eyeballs and stuck out their tongues. They also used this dance to welcome a guest or when something sad had happened. The Maoris of today try to take care of their old culture. It is part of their history. It is part of who they are.
Let’s talk! 1 How did the Maoris come to New Zealand? 2 What do you think about the woodcarving in the picture on p. 38? 3 What happened when a Maori was getting a tattoo? 4 What happened if you broke a tapu?
a cloud – en/ei sky wooden – laget/laga av tre berries – bær grow – dyrke a wood carver – en treskjærer / ein treskjerar a tattoo – en/ei tatovering a wound – et/eit sår a society – et/eit samfunn sacred – hellig/heilag touch – røre a warrior – en kriger / ein krigar a battle – et slag / ein kamp
Work with words How do you say this in English? a For ett tusen år siden / For eitt tusen år sida b De laget dype kutt i huden / Dei laga djupe kutt i huda c Vanlige mennesker kunne ikke røre dem / Vanlege menneske kunne ikkje røre dei d De/dei stakk ut tunga
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Did you know that… • the buffalo was the most important animal to a Native American? It gave them clothes and food for the whole winter. • the Inuit used to be called Eskimos? • most Inuits today live in modern houses and not in igloos? They also use motor boats instead of kayaks and snowmobiles instead of dog teams. • the word kangaroo means what did you say? in the Aboriginal language? When Captain Cook saw this animal for the first time he asked the natives what animal this was. The Aboriginals did not understand what he said, so they said, Kangaroo? • The lizard is the only animal you can see in Maori woodcarvings? a lizard – en/ei firfisle
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Chapter
3 Sports
I dette kapitlet: Kultur
Litteratur
• Populære sportsgrener / sportsgreiner i USA • Fotballens / Fotballen si historie • David Beckham og Manchester United
• • • • • • •
E-post Novelle Artikler / Artiklar Sang / Song Dikt Tegneserier / Teikneseriar Vitser / Vitsar og gåter
Do you know the names of these sports? Choose one of the sports and talk about it. Maybe you know something about some other kind of sport? Tell your group about it!
A
Mail from the USA
Date: From: To: Subject:
15 July 2005 8:50 pm julie@mail.com larry@mail.com Westhaven
Dear Larry, I’m having a great time here in the USA with my American family. Uncle Bill, Aunt Emily and my cousin Linda are all very nice to me. One day Linda asked me if I wanted to go to a football match. Of course I said yes, but it was American football! They call European football soccer over here. The ball the players used was egg-shaped, not round. The game was something like rugby. I didn’t understand all the rules, but I could see why American football is called the toughest game in the world. The crowd behaved nicely. There were no hooligans making trouble, and nobody threw bottles or toilet paper. On Wednesday night we all went to New York to see a baseball game. I didn’t find it very interesting. Baseball looks a bit like rounders. People eat a lot at ballgames here. We had hot dogs, and they were really good!
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I have to close now. Linda and I are going to watch a basketball game on TV at 9 pm. It is my favourite game, and the American teams are really smashing! Give my love to everybody. Have a nice trip to Bournemouth! Take care! Love, Julie PS I hope my goldfish are OK?
Let’s talk! 1 2 3 4 5
Where is Julie on holiday? Who is Linda? What kinds of sports has Julie seen? Which sport does she like best? What kinds of sports do you like to watch on TV?
a cousin – et søskenbarn / eit syskenborn tough – tøff, hard the crowd – publikum behave – oppføre seg a hooligan – en/ein (football)pøbel rounders – slåball smashing – helt/heilt topp give my love – hils/hels take care – ha det bra
Work with words 1 Find a word in the text that means: a your aunt’s daughter b your aunt’s husband c European football d a sausage in a bun 2 How many kinds of sports do you know the name of?
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This song was written in 1908 by a man named Jack Norworth. One day when he was riding a subway train, the lyrics popped into his head. Albert Von Tilzer made the music, and it became the famous baseball song, “Take me out to the ballgame.” Norworth and Tilzer had never been to a baseball game when they wrote it, but in America almost everyone knows their song.
Take me out to the ballgame Take me out to the ballgame Take me out to the crowd. Buy me some peanuts and crackerjacks, I don’t care if I ever come back. Let me root, root, root for the hometeam, If they don’t win it’s a shame. For it’s one, two, three strikes you’re out At the old ballgame.
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a subway train – en/ein undergrunnsbane lyrics – (sang/song) tekst cracker jack – søtet popcorn/søt popkorntype shame – skam root – heie på a strike – et/eit treff, et/eit slag
B
The big race The day of my swimming race had come. I was going to swim two lengths backstroke that afternoon. Close to the changing rooms I saw a man and a boy. They were talking. I knew the boy. His name was Gordon Hayes. He was a fast swimmer, almost as fast as me. I guessed the man was his father. I could hear what they were talking about. Gordon’s father said: “If you don’t win that race I’ll hit you!” “But Dad …” “No buts. You can beat the boy from Durham.” “But I can’t.” “You will or else.” Then Mr Hayes went away. I walked up to Gordon. “What’s the matter?” I said. “It’s him. He says he’ll hit me if I don’t beat you.” “I’m sure he won’t. You are his son.” “He will.”
At last it was time for the race. I jumped into the pool. The starter said: “On your marks.” The gun went off and I started swimming. After one length Gordon was half a body behind me.
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Nobody else was near us. I could see Mr Hayes on the gallery. He was shouting at Gordon to go faster. I slowed down and let Gordon swim past me. He finished first. I climbed out of the water and shook Gordon’s hand. We got our medals. When Gordon stood on the winner’s block I felt bad that I had let him win. Then I saw Mr Hayes on the gallery. He was smiling, and I thought it was worth it. I was wrong. As we were walking away, Gordon said: “You’re pathetic. I beat you by miles. I don’t know how you ever beat me before. Well, you’re never going to do it again. So there!” Toby Sweet, 14 (adapted)
a length – en/ei lengde backstroke – ryggsvømming/ryggsymjing a changing room – en/ein garderobe guess – gjette beat – beat – beaten – slå a gallery – en tilskuerbenk / ein tilskodarbenk to shake someone’s hand – å ta noen i hånden/å ta nokon i handa a medal – en/ei medalje the winner’s block – seierspallen/sigerspallen pathetic – patetisk, ynkelig/ynkeleg
Let’s talk! 1 2 3 4 5
Who did Toby see in the changing room? What did Gordon’s father say to Gordon? How was the race started? How did Gordon win the race? How can you say that Gordon was “a bad winner”? 6 Do you think Toby did the right thing?
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Work with words Find words in the text that mean the opposite of: a slow b lose c everybody d last e good f right
Sports in ‘shorts’ • Many people have swum the English Channel, but in 1981 Jon Erikson, a 26year-old American, swam the Channel three times without stopping!
• Here’s another swimming record: in 1930 Fred Newton swam 2,938 km down the Mississippi River in the USA. The trip took him six months, and he stayed under water for 742 hours!
• In 1984 Arvind Pandya from India ran across the United States from Los Angeles to New York City. He used 107 days and he was running – backwards!
• The world championship in “wife carrying” is arranged in Finland every year. The woman doesn’t have to be the man’s wife, but she has to be at least 17 years old and wear a helmet. The prize is the woman’s weight in beer.
the English Channel – den engelske kanal backwards – baklengs “wife carrying” – “konebæring”/“konebêring”
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C
Football rules! Would you love to go to Old Trafford and watch Manchester United play? Thousands of people would. Today you can say that football rules: it is the world’s most popular sport. European football is also called soccer, but most people call the game football. People in Britain have played some kind of football for hundreds of years. One story says that the first “football” game was played in the 8th century. Then Englishmen played with the cut-off head of a Danish prince! To begin with, there were very few rules in football. You could bite, kick or punch other players, and you could pick up the ball and run with it. The beginning of modern football came in 1863. From then on there were much stricter rules. At that time, the football players were all men and all amateurs.
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The first professional clubs started in the 1880s. More and more clubs joined in. Nowadays teams are in groups of twenty, called divisions. The FA Premier League is the most popular one. People all over the world are Manchester United, Liverpool, Chelsea or Arsenal fans. The best players earn millions of pounds a year and are treated like pop stars. The first World Cup for professionals was held in Uruguay in 1930. Then, only 13 teams played. Today, more than 170 countries take part. This tournament is the world’s most popular sports event. It is held every fourth year. Of course, watching football can be a bit boring, but sometimes it is wonderful and exciting. So put on your supporter’s colours and go and watch your local team. Join the crowd and feel the magic of football!
a century – et/eit århundre a rule – en/ein regel kick – sparke punch – slå strict – streng an amateur – en/ein amatør join in – bli med a tournament – en/ei turnering an event – et/eit arrangement, her: en/ein konkurranse a supporter – en tilhenger / ein tilhengjar
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Let’s talk! 1 2 3 4 5 6
What is another name for European football? When was the first “football” game played? How was football changed in 1863? How many teams are there in a division? What is the world’s most popular sports event? Are you football crazy? What is your favourite team?
Work with words 1 Pick out all the “football” words from this text. 2 How do you conjugate these verbs from the text? a say b take c begin d run e go f put
What do these English football teams have in common? Tottenham Hotspurs Chelsea Fulham West Ham Watford Crystal Palace Arsenal Queen’s Park Rangers Wimbledon They are all London teams 52
Chapter 3
Did you know that many English football teams have nicknames? Here are some of them: Red Devils Gunners Spurs Hammers Pensioners Saints Toffees Seasides Magpies Eagles Blades Gasmen
Manchester United Arsenal Tottenham Hotspurs West Ham United Chelsea Southampton Everton Blackpool Newcastle United Crystal Palace Sheffield United Bristol Rovers
D
Signing up for Manchester United The famous English footballer David Beckham grew up in London. Both his father and his grandfather were football crazy. David loved playing football from when he was a small boy. He started playing in a boys club in London called Ridgeway Rovers, but his dream was to play for Manchester United, his father’s favourite team. Scouts came every week to watch the young Ridgeway players. David had real talent, and the two big London teams Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspurs both wanted him to train with them. David chose Spurs, mostly because his grandfather was a supporter. He liked playing at White Hart Lane where he trained with talented young players like Nick Barmby and Sol Campbell. Even if he was training with Spurs, David always wore his Manchester United kit.
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Just before he was thirteen years old his wish came true. Manchester United showed interest in him! Tottenham was also interested, and David had to make a choice. Spurs had offered him a six-year contract. David and his dad agreed that if Manchester also offered him six years, he would say yes. Money would not be the most important thing. It was 2 May 1988, David’s thirteenth birthday. He and his parents drove up to Manchester to have a talk with Alex Ferguson, the manager of Manchester United. David liked and trusted him at once. From the club he got a red club tie, a birthday cake and – an offer of two, two and two – six years with Manchester United! David needed no more details. “I want to sign!” he said. It was like a dream. David’s father was in another world, his Mum was crying, and everybody was smiling and shaking their hands. Out in the corridor they met the United captain, Bryan Robson. David and his Dad had spent hours in front of the TV watching that man, their all-time football hero. “You couldn’t be joining a better club, David,” Mr Robson told him. David remembered nothing from the ride back to London. Luckily his father didn’t forget that they were on a busy motorway. David could only think about his contract and that he was going to be a Manchester United player. It was the happiest day of his life!
a footballer – en fotballspiller / ein fotballspelar a scout – en talentspeider / ein talentspeidar talented – talentfull a kit – en/ei fotballdrakt a choice – et valg / eit val offer – tilby trust – stole på details – detaljer/detaljar sign – undertegne/underteikne
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Let’s talk! 1 2 3 4 5 6
Where did David Beckham grow up? Why did he choose to train with Tottenham Hotspurs? Why was David a Manchester United fan? What did David and his parents do on his thirteenth birthday? Who was Bryan Robson? Do you have a favourite sports star? Why do you think he/she is so great?
Work with words Choose 5 words from the text you would like to learn, and use them in sentences of your own.
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Chapter 3
Oh, Brother! My brother’s a motorbike freak. Each week He rides races In the oddest places. He climbs hills, Has spills. He speeds And cruises. He gets action, Satisfaction, But mostly, He gets bruises. Max Fatchen
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– Are you going to the football match this afternoon? – Yes, are you? – No, it’s a waste of time. I can tell you the score before the game starts. – Can you? What is it, then? – Nil – nil!
A young couple were watching a football match on TV. When one of the players scored, the other players hugged and kissed him. – I wish you would kiss me like that, the boy said. – If you score a goal like that, I will, the girl replied.
Can a match box? No, but a tin can!
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